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class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Dr. Javaid Rahi" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/94470568/37346758/150793742/s200_dr._javaid.rahi.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Dr. Javaid Rahi</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Dr. Javaid" data-follow-user-id="94470568" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Dr Javaid Rahi, is a prolific writer and researcher columnist, tribal activist, and analyst of national repute. He has authored more than one dozen books in Gojri / Punjabi /Urdu and edited more than 400 books, Journals, textbooks, and others in the language during  last two decades.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javaid_Rahi  : YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/user/javaidrahi1  : on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/javaidrahi03  :  Twitter: https://twitter.com/javaidrahi : Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/javaidrahi  :Blog : https://javaidrahi.wordpress.com/  Contact :  91-9419144139 - email: javaidrahi@gmail.com<br /><span class="u-fw700">Phone: </span>09419144139<br /><b>Address: </b>Jammu & Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture, and Languages Jammu/  Srinagar<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div 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data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>53</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>2</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Drafts" data-toggle="tab" href="#drafts" role="tab" title="Drafts"><span>1</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Drafts</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Dr. Javaid Rahi</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126331245"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126331245/MASUD_CHOUDHARY_A_Man_Whose_Mission_Lives_On_by_JAVAID_RAHI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MASUD CHOUDHARY : A Man Whose Mission Lives On by JAVAID RAHI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120224366/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126331245/MASUD_CHOUDHARY_A_Man_Whose_Mission_Lives_On_by_JAVAID_RAHI">MASUD CHOUDHARY : A Man Whose Mission Lives On by JAVAID RAHI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Article</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Masud Choudhary (10 April 1944 – 16 December 2022) was an educator, social reformer, thinker and ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Masud Choudhary (10 April 1944 – 16 December 2022) was an educator, social reformer, thinker and an administrator of Jammu and Kashmir union territory. He was the founding Vice Chancellor of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University in Rajouri, J&K. He was also the Chief Patron of the Muslim Gurjar Desh Charitable Trust. Choudhary served in the police and retired as the Additional Director of the General Police (IPS) in 2004.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="09e73a882c9a76450a1b73835b3471a0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120224366,"asset_id":126331245,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120224366/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126331245"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126331245"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126331245; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122897039"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122897039/TRIBAL_RIGHTS_A_Handbook_for_Forest_Dwellers_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_By_JAVAID_RAHI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of TRIBAL RIGHTS - A Handbook for Forest Dwellers of Jammu and Kashmir By JAVAID RAHI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117461801/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122897039/TRIBAL_RIGHTS_A_Handbook_for_Forest_Dwellers_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_By_JAVAID_RAHI">TRIBAL RIGHTS - A Handbook for Forest Dwellers of Jammu and Kashmir By JAVAID RAHI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>TRIBAL RIGHTS - A Handbook for Forest Dwellers of Jammu and Kashmir By JAVAID RAHI </span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 20...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, is a key piece of forest legislation  extended to Jammu and Kashmir in 2019. This Act acknowledged and protected the rights of tribal and traditional forest dweller populations on forest land. The Act was not applicable to Jammu &  Kashmir until 2019. However, after a 14-year wait, it was finally extended to J&amp;K under the Reorganisation Act 2019 of the Parliament of India.<br />Despite the new tribal laws that have been extended to J&K. A  significant number of forest residents, particularly those who live in remote areas of the Union Territory, are unaware of their rights.To Aware them the book covers a wide range of topics, including:<br />1. Providing a thorough description of the action and its goals.<br />2. Explaining the criteria for deciding who qualifies as a forest inhabitant and is entitled for the rights.<br />3. Describing the procedure for filing claims for individual and community forest rights.<br />4. Defining the specific duties and obligations of government entities in carrying out the<br />enactment.<br />5. Guiding forest dwellers in pursuing legal recourse and engaging in<br />advocacy in cases of rights violations.<br /><br />Further, the objective of this book is to educate forest-dwelling communities with this information, allowing them to exercise their rights and protect their way of life. Furthermore, it seeks to bridge the gap between the government and the public. As a result, the book serves as a comprehensive guide to the functioning of Forest Rights Committees, including Gram Sabhas. The book covers procedures for holding meetings, issuing notices, filling Form A/B/C, correspondence, evidence of occupation, passing various resolutions, reaching out to other committees, establishing quorums, and so on.<br />The guidebook includes a few documents that address critical problems such as fencing forests, eviction, rehabilitation, and the future course of action for implementing the Forest Rights Act 2006.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="66cd309782725bdc7f883d4c9778f3c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117461801,"asset_id":122897039,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117461801/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122897039"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122897039"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122897039; 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In this series  Gujjar community  leader Chowdhary Wazir Mohd Hakla Poonchi  from Jammu and Kashmir  was chosen by Govt of India. It was for the first time  that the contributions of the tribal community member who worked for the country and its cultural and social fabric is recognized at the national level by the Department of Post. This gesture not only celebrates  the  legacy of Hakla Poonchi but also highlights the broader contributions of the Gujjar community  for nation especially during testing times..</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="23371c6044c51bc3a97e89dfff3f4bb5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117209395,"asset_id":122570080,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117209395/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122570080"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122570080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122570080; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="118146717"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/118146717/LOK_VIRSO_Gojri_The_Folk_Lore_of_Gujjar_Tribe_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LOK VIRSO ( Gojri) - The Folk Lore of Gujjar Tribe by Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113840954/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/118146717/LOK_VIRSO_Gojri_The_Folk_Lore_of_Gujjar_Tribe_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">LOK VIRSO ( Gojri) - The Folk Lore of Gujjar Tribe by Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lok Virso -the Folk Lore of Gujjar Tribe by Dr. Javaid Rahi</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The book 'LOK VIRSO (Gojri) - Folk Lore of Gujjar Tribe' is a research work by noted tribal res...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The book  'LOK VIRSO (Gojri) - Folk Lore of Gujjar Tribe' is a research work by noted  tribal researcher, Dr. Javaid Rahi. Spanning across 334 pages provides  profound understanding of the Gujjar heritage.The book covers  Gujjar folklore, traditions, folk tales , and customs that have shaped the Gujjar identity of this resilient community for generations. From the melodious strains of Gojri Folk Songs to the timeless wisdom encapsulated in Gujjar Proverbs, every aspect of Gujjar folklore is meticulously explored and brought to life.<br /><br />Unravel the enchanting narratives of Gojri Folk Tales, passed down through oral tradition, each one a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the Gujjar people. Dive into the world of Folk Games, Rituals, and Traditions, gaining insight into the intricate social fabric that binds the Gujjar community together.<br /><br />Moreover, Dr. Rahi's comprehensive research sheds light on the lesser-known aspects of Gujjar life, including Folk Medicines and Beliefs, offering a holistic view of their customs and practices. Through meticulous documentation and insightful analysis, 'LOK VIRSO' serves as a valuable resource for scholars, anthropologists, and enthusiasts alike, providing a deeper understanding of the Gujjar culture and its enduring legacy.<br /><br />Embark on a voyage of discovery, as 'LOK VIRSO' unveils the rich tapestry of Gujjar folklore, celebrating the resilience, creativity, and cultural richness of this remarkable tribe."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b76e6468cceaf9ffccb71e5d9ceb9c2c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113840954,"asset_id":118146717,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113840954/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="118146717"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="118146717"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 118146717; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107445943"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107445943/Gujjar_Qabila_Ki_Louk_Warsti_Dictionary_Volume_02_Folk_Lore_Dictionary_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Vol_02_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gujjar Qabila Ki Louk Warsti Dictionary Volume -02 (Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe Vol: 02 )by Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106110070/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107445943/Gujjar_Qabila_Ki_Louk_Warsti_Dictionary_Volume_02_Folk_Lore_Dictionary_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Vol_02_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">Gujjar Qabila Ki Louk Warsti Dictionary Volume -02 (Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe Vol: 02 )by Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe Vol: 02 by Dr. Javaid Rahi</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">'Gujjar Qabila ki Louk Warsti Dictionary'(Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe )by Dr. Javaid Rah...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">'Gujjar Qabila ki Louk Warsti Dictionary'(Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe )by Dr. Javaid Rahi 'Gujjar Qabila ki Louk Warsti Dictionary'(Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe )by Dr. Javaid Rahi is a remarkable contribution to the preservation of the rich cultural heritage and folklore of the Gujjar community. Comprising two volumes, this work explores the vast tapestry of Gujjar folklore and traditions in the Gojri language, transcribed in the Persian script. Rahi's dedication to capturing the essence of Gujjar culture is evident throughout both volumes. In his preface, he candidly expresses the challenge he faced due to the absence of existing dictionaries in Dogri or Kashmiri, the primary languages of the region. However, his determination led him to consult various sources, including the Punjabi Folklore Encyclopaedia, to create this invaluable resource. As the Gujjar community, once nomadic, transitions into settled life, the need to document their folklore becomes increasingly vital. Rahi's work fulfills this need, complementing his earlier contributions to Gujjar literature, such as the "Encyclopedia of Himalayan Gujjars." His dedication to providing literature to his community is commendable and may one day be recognized as a pivotal element in the Gujjar cultural revival. The inclusion of photographs of Gujjars and Bakerwals adds to the documentation's value, although clearer images would have been beneficial for a work of this permanent significance. One of the most valuable aspects of this dictionary is the addenda featuring Gujjar proverbs and popular sayings. Titled "Chunam Gojra akhan te Bujharat," this section is an invaluable addition to Gujjar literature, shedding light on customs, beliefs, and the linguistic richness of the community. Rahi's work goes beyond language and delves into the beliefs and superstitions prevalent among Gujjars. He explains the historical significance of words and phrases, tying them to fascinating folk tales and historical events. For instance, he narrates the tale of "Tajo," a courageous Gujjar youth from Uri, adding depth to the cultural fabric of the community. In his comments on the first volume, Prof. Zahur ud Din rightly emphasizes the importance of such works in preserving global culture and civilization.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="55667e211c6b5858e5ea6bba87b200e5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106110070,"asset_id":107445943,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106110070/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107445943"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107445943"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107445943; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107338469"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107338469/Gujjar_Qabila_Ki_Louk_Warsti_Dictionary_Volume_01_Folk_Lore_Dictionary_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Vol_01_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gujjar Qabila Ki Louk Warsti Dictionary Volume -01 (Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe Vol: 01 )by Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106031970/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107338469/Gujjar_Qabila_Ki_Louk_Warsti_Dictionary_Volume_01_Folk_Lore_Dictionary_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Vol_01_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">Gujjar Qabila Ki Louk Warsti Dictionary Volume -01 (Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe Vol: 01 )by Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span> Gujjar Qabila ki Louk Warsti Dictionary Volume -01 (Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe Vol: 01 )by Dr. Javaid Rahi</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> 'Gujjar Qabila ki Louk Warsti Dictionary'(Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe )by Dr. Javaid R...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">'Gujjar Qabila  ki Louk Warsti Dictionary'(Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe )by Dr. Javaid Rahi <br />'Gujjar Qabila ki Louk Warsti Dictionary'(Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe )by Dr. Javaid Rahi is a remarkable contribution to the preservation of the rich cultural heritage and folklore of the Gujjar community. Comprising two volumes, this work explores the vast tapestry of Gujjar folklore and traditions in the Gojri language, transcribed in the Persian script. <br /> <br />Rahi's dedication to capturing the essence of Gujjar culture is evident throughout both volumes. In his preface, he candidly expresses the challenge he faced due to the absence of existing dictionaries in Dogri or Kashmiri, the primary languages of the region. However, his determination led him to consult various sources, including the Punjabi Folklore Encyclopaedia, to create this invaluable resource. <br /> <br />As the Gujjar community, once nomadic, transitions into settled life, the need to document their folklore becomes increasingly vital. Rahi's work fulfills this need, complementing his earlier contributions to Gujjar literature, such as the "Encyclopedia of Himalayan Gujjars." His dedication to providing literature to his community is commendable and may one day be recognized as a pivotal element in the Gujjar cultural revival. <br /> <br />The inclusion of photographs of Gujjars and Bakerwals adds to the documentation's value, although clearer images would have been beneficial for a work of this permanent significance. <br /> <br />One of the most valuable aspects of this dictionary is the addenda featuring Gujjar proverbs and popular sayings. Titled "Chunam Gojra akhan te Bujharat," this section is an invaluable addition to Gujjar literature, shedding light on customs, beliefs, and the linguistic richness of the community. <br /> <br />Rahi's work goes beyond language and delves into the beliefs and superstitions prevalent among Gujjars. He explains the historical significance of words and phrases, tying them to fascinating folk tales and historical events. For instance, he narrates the tale of "Tajo," a courageous Gujjar youth from Uri, adding depth to the cultural fabric of the community. <br /> <br />In his comments on the first volume, Prof. Zahur ud Din rightly emphasizes the importance of such works in preserving global culture and civilization. The study of folklore allows us to reflect on our past and appreciate the building blocks of our society and culture. <br /> <br />While acknowledging the value of this work, suggestions for improvement include adding pronunciation guides, pictures or sketches for clarity, and gender descriptions for words. These additions could enhance the accessibility and usability of the dictionary. <br /> <br />Overall, "Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe" is a pioneering effort by Dr. Javaid Rahi to document the cultural heritage of the Gujjar community. Given the absence of similar dictionaries in regional languages, Rahi's dedication and scholarship deserve high praise. This work promises to be a cornerstone in the preservation of Gujjar folklore and customs, ensuring that future generations can connect with their rich heritage. Rahi's contributions to Gujjar literature and culture mark him as a luminary in the Gujjar renaissance in India.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e2af99c3e7505977831bea32c6326b3f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106031970,"asset_id":107338469,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106031970/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107338469"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107338469"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107338469; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106855376"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/106855376/MAHATMA_GANDHI_Tasweeran_Sangh_Kahani_by_Smt_Saraladevi_Mazumdar_GOJRI_Translation_by_JAVAID_RAHI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MAHATMA GANDHI -Tasweeran Sangh Kahani by Smt. Saraladevi Mazumdar-GOJRI Translation by JAVAID RAHI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105817523/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/106855376/MAHATMA_GANDHI_Tasweeran_Sangh_Kahani_by_Smt_Saraladevi_Mazumdar_GOJRI_Translation_by_JAVAID_RAHI">MAHATMA GANDHI -Tasweeran Sangh Kahani by Smt. Saraladevi Mazumdar-GOJRI Translation by JAVAID RAHI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MAHATMA GANDHI -Tasweeran Sangh Kahani by Smt. Saraladevi Mazumdar-GOJRI Translation by JAVAID RAHI</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">GOJRI BOOK "MAHATMA GANDHI - Tasweeran Sangh Kahani - GOJRI Translation by JAVAID RAHI" is a rema...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">GOJRI BOOK "MAHATMA GANDHI - Tasweeran Sangh Kahani - GOJRI Translation by JAVAID RAHI" is a remarkable literary endeavor that transcends time and generations, encapsulating the enduring legacy of Mahatma Gandhi in a new and captivating form. This unique work is a translation of the original book "Mahatma Gandhi – Story In Pictures," authored and illustrated by the gifted artist and freedom fighter, Smt. Saraladevi Mazumdar (1911 - 2001).<br /><br />Smt. Saraladevi Mazumdar was not only a talented artist but also a devoted Gandhian who believed in the power of visual storytelling to convey the transformative journey of Mahatma Gandhi. The book's current presentation is a homage to the timeless content of a publication that first saw the light of day over half a century ago, but now reimagined for a new generation.<br /><br />At its core, this book serves as a pictorial chronicle of the pivotal moments in the life of Mahatma Gandhi, from his humble beginnings as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi to the revered Mahatma. It takes readers on an evocative visual journey through his life, showcasing his unwavering commitment to truth, non-violence, and social justice.<br /><br />Mahatma Gandhi's life was deeply influenced by the values instilled in him by his parents and elders during his formative years. These values, such as honesty, humility, and empathy, became the bedrock of his entire existence. Now, as we stand in the present, it is imperative to pass on these fundamental values to the younger generation. By doing so, we can contribute to the construction of a more equitable and compassionate society in the future.<br /><br />In today's world, with its myriad challenges and conflicts, the teachings and principles of Mahatma Gandhi resonate more profoundly than ever before. His advocacy for peace, justice, and human dignity is a beacon of hope in turbulent times. The publication of "MAHATMA GANDHI - Tasweeran Sangh Kahani" represents the initial step in rekindling the awareness and appreciation of Gandhian values.<br /><br />This book not only preserves the spirit of Mahatma Gandhi's life and philosophy but also offers a visual medium through which readers, especially the youth, can connect with his timeless wisdom. It serves as a reminder that in a world often marred by discord and divisiveness, the Gandhian path of non-violence and moral integrity remains a guiding light towards a better tomorrow.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f618c72c77a6b66f87a5826fc45298e2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105817523,"asset_id":106855376,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105817523/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106855376"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106855376"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106855376; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=106855376]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=106855376]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106855376; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='106855376']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f618c72c77a6b66f87a5826fc45298e2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=106855376]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":106855376,"title":"MAHATMA GANDHI -Tasweeran Sangh Kahani by Smt. 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It poss...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gojri is the third largest spoken language of Jammu and Kashmir after Kashmiri and Dogri. It possesses rich cultural inheritance in the shape of folk and oral lore, creative literature, music, theatre, dance and other performing arts. As far as the Gojri music is concerned, it has its own indigenous legacy in the shape of classical and folk tune and tenor besides having developed a robust music tradition in recent times. Further, it owns rhythmic and notational tunes of folk singing that have been in existence for centuries in the shape of Baits, Siharfis, Baramah, and other more than a dozen music forms. Gojri Music has also registered its presence throughout the globe through its melodious compositions, symbolizing the nomadic culture of Gujjar tribes. The Gujjar women have played a key role in popularizing and disseminating of Gojri music, despite the cultural and tribal restrictions discouraging the public performances of songs and music. Traditionally they were expected to limit their performances to private functions like marriages held within four walls. Those who were committed to the singing career and amateur singers were restricted from public appearances.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="caaed1b8e1735fa326e61e1714379a36" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63309883,"asset_id":43050620,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63309883/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43050620"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43050620"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43050620; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43037526"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43037526/Folklore_of_Gujjars_Bakarwals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Gojri_Lok_Geet_GOJRI_FOLK_SONGS_Compiled_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Folklore of Gujjars Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir -Gojri Lok Geet (GOJRI FOLK SONGS) -Compiled by : Dr Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63298198/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43037526/Folklore_of_Gujjars_Bakarwals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Gojri_Lok_Geet_GOJRI_FOLK_SONGS_Compiled_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">Folklore of Gujjars Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir -Gojri Lok Geet (GOJRI FOLK SONGS) -Compiled by : Dr Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Gojri Lok Geet (GOJRI FOLK SONGS) -Compiled by : Dr Javaid Rahi</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gojri Lok Geet (GOJRI FOLK SONGS) The evolution of traditional music of Gujjar Tribe is quite int...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gojri Lok Geet (GOJRI FOLK SONGS)<br />The evolution of traditional music of Gujjar Tribe is quite interesting and colorful. Its vocal music on one hand its instrumental music seems to be influenced by the indigenous Indian Music. One can find a special tinge of Gojri Music interwoven with music of Central Asia as in ancient times the Gujjars happen to be the nomadic tribe of those areas. At present, the mountain and valleys of northern India echoing with the traditional Gojri Music may it be the desert of Rajasthan, hills of Dheradoon or high mountains of Kashmir. Not only this form Kashmir to Kabul and Uttaranchal to Baluchistan every vale and cliff bears the proof that Gojri Music has been rich since centuries ago. However the downfall was also closely flowing as with the advent of Islam among the gujjars. The traditional music received setback, in that only sofiyana music remained vogue where as various other forms of performing arts including dances could not keep up with Islamic principals. That is way Gujjar Tribe turns towards the vocal music while the instrumental side was forgotten by and by.<br />The approximation that high pitch and one piece of Bait must be completed in four consecutive breaths while a Si-Harfi of BaraMah requires eight breaths. The pitch is generally high and that is way the singer put his finger on the both ear hole<br />BAIT : Bait is perhaps the most popular genre of Gojri. This form of Gojri music is vocal in nature. Due to the influence of Islam on the Gujjars there is very less element of instrumental side in their traditional music.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b1170cc5c84bb81199dce0f2b211330d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63298198,"asset_id":43037526,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63298198/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43037526"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43037526"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43037526; 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The dictionary containing 70,000 words spoken by the Gujjars and Bakerwal communities have been prepared to cater the demand of Tribal Researchers of J&K and other 11 States of India where the Gujjar community lives and speak Gojri.<br />This is the fourth dictionary project which has been compiled under the supervision of noted Gojri writer Dr Javaid Rahi, who is also working as Chief Editor of Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages.<br />The project was taken into hand by Gojri section of the Academy in 2012. Academy editorial staff members Mohammad Mansha Khaki, Shah Nawaz, Mian Irshad Qammar and Mehmood Riaz also worked in the project.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="27b47c8f76e1e4cf7cc3d412b71c3520" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63262519,"asset_id":42999637,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63262519/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42999637"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42999637"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42999637; 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The dictionary containing 70,000 words spoken by the Gujjars and Bakerwal communities have been prepared to cater the demand of Tribal Researchers of J&K and other 11 States of India where the Gujjar community lives and speak Gojri.<br />This is the fourth dictionary project which has been compiled under the supervision of noted Gojri writer Dr Javaid Rahi, who is also working as Chief Editor of Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages.<br />The project was taken into hand by Gojri section of the Academy in 2012. Academy editorial staff members Mohammad Mansha Khaki, Shah Nawaz, Mian Irshad Qammar and Mehmood Riaz also worked in the project.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2c477409f39acd09e93abd710c17c4ba" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63257982,"asset_id":42995977,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63257982/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42995977"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42995977"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42995977; 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The dictionary containing 70,000 words spoken by the Gujjars and Bakerwal communities have been prepared to cater the demand of Tribal Researchers of J&K and other 11 States of India where the Gujjar community lives and speak Gojri.<br />This is the fourth dictionary project which has been compiled under the supervision of noted Gojri writer Dr Javaid Rahi, who is also working as Chief Editor of Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages.<br />The project was taken into hand by Gojri section of the Academy in 2012. Academy editorial staff members Mohammad Mansha Khaki, Shah Nawaz, Mian Irshad Qammar and Mehmood Riaz also worked in the project.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f6a28d17e26c16911ac3af7af510b211" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63257911,"asset_id":42995923,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63257911/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42995923"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42995923"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42995923; 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In the Indian subcontinent t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gujjars are one of the important tribes of the <br />north-western India. In the Indian subcontinent they are <br />spread over twelve states of India and are found in all the <br />four provinces of Pakistan. Besides, their habitats are <br />found in Afghanistan and Iran also.  <br />Gujjars have a strong cultural identity. They have <br />their own culture, custom, traditions folk-lore, ethnicity <br />and five thousand year history at their back. The greater <br />Gujrat which was called “Gujjar Ratha” (the kingdom of <br />Gujjars) in history was ruled by Gujjars from fifth century <br />to 11the century AD. At that point of time the boundaries <br />of Gujrat were spread over today’s northwestern states of <br />India. This was the golden period of Gujjar identity.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1069e3ea2ead4d6c163ca8cb9779f66e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62103115,"asset_id":41978043,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62103115/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41978043"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41978043"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41978043; 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The tribals are exceedingly worried that the oldest variety of the mastiff which  protects big herd of livestock during bi-annual seasonal tribal migration may become a part of history in the near future as the population of this rear breed is declining alarmingly.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="37b04efd45cd45375df43ba94f4ea3b6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61901510,"asset_id":41745807,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61901510/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41745807"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41745807"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41745807; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41725937"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41725937/The_GUJJARS_Vol_04_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The GUJJARS Vol -04 History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed. Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61884432/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41725937/The_GUJJARS_Vol_04_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">The GUJJARS Vol -04 History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed. Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Gujjars Vol 04</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Gujjars numbered around 2,038,692 according to their last census in 1931. Eight provinces wer...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Gujjars numbered around 2,038,692 according<br />to their last census in 1931. Eight provinces were then<br />identified as pockets inhabited by them namely, Delhi,<br />Jammu- Kashmir, Punjab (undivided) the North-West<br />Provinces (Pakistan) and other area in and along the<br />Himalayas (now Uttaranchal and Himanchal Pradesh). The<br />Van Gujjars are relatively unknown in relation to the Hindu<br />Gujjars of North West India. According to the current<br />reports, the majority of Van Gujjars are semi-nomadic,<br />forest-dwelling and cattle-herding Muslim.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c9392d229cdf21760ecd9343c1e1643c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61884432,"asset_id":41725937,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61884432/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41725937"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41725937"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41725937; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41725937]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41725937]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41725937; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41725937']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c9392d229cdf21760ecd9343c1e1643c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41725937]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41725937,"title":"The GUJJARS Vol -04 History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed. 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Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61884188/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41725601/The_GUJJARS_Volume_03_A_Book_Series_on_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">The GUJJARS- Volume 03 : A Book Series on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed. Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Gujjars </span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gojri belongs to the central group of the IndoAryan subfamily of Indo-European languages. Gojri (...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gojri belongs to the central group of the IndoAryan subfamily of Indo-European languages. Gojri (or<br />Gojri) is spoken by the Gurjars (or Gujjars), traditionally<br />nomadic pastoralists, who are scattered widely throughout<br />the northern Subcontinent. While remaining an “oral<br />society” in the classic sense, Gujjars in recent decades<br />have begun attending school, organizing politically, and<br />writing poetry and prose in their own language. Today, in<br />part because of government sponsorship, the level of Gojri<br />broadcasting and literary activity is higher than that for<br />other minority languages in the region. To date, however,<br />Gojri lacks an agreed-upon set of writing conventions.<br />Writers and editors tend to write phonetically, and with<br />wildly varying degrees of reference to the conventions of<br />Urdu, the primary language of wider communication and<br />the language of education in most communities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="83e413e35be2c591f2f3356019f130df" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61884188,"asset_id":41725601,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61884188/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41725601"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41725601"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41725601; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41725601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41725601]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41725601; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41725601']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "83e413e35be2c591f2f3356019f130df" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41725601]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41725601,"title":"The GUJJARS- Volume 03 : A Book Series on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed. 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Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61884166/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41725581/The_GUJJARS_Vol_05_Topic_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">The GUJJARS Vol 05 Topic : History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe- Ed. Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Gujjars </span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">"The Gujjars" is in your hands. This book series was started by Gojri section with the approval o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">"The Gujjars" is in your hands. This<br />book series was started by Gojri section with the approval<br />of Central Committee of the Academy. The main objective<br />of this book series was to publish articles about life and<br />Culture of Gujjar and Bakerwal tribes of the State. In this<br />publication 20 articles on various aspects of Gujjar are<br />being included.<br />An article of George Abraham Grierson about Gojri<br />Language has been chosen from his book "Linguistic Survey<br />of India". The article presents many shades of Gojri<br />Language spoken in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan.<br />In this article George Abraham Grierson highlights<br />the difference between Gojri of Hazara,Yusufzai Gujuri,<br />Yusufzai Ajri, Gujri of Kashmir, Gojri of the Sub -Montane<br />Panjab, Gujari of Gujrat, Gujari of Gurdaspur, Gujari of<br />Kangra, Gujari of Hoshiarpur.<br />This is first ever comparative study of Gojri available<br />which provides a deep insight about Gojri language and its<br />vast reach to various areas.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d505cdf329aa2074859b3f60601110af" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61884166,"asset_id":41725581,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61884166/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41725581"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41725581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41725581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41725581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41725581]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41725581; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41725581']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d505cdf329aa2074859b3f60601110af" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41725581]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41725581,"title":"The GUJJARS Vol 05 Topic : History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe- Ed. 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He was the founding Vice Chancellor of Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University in Rajouri, J&K. He was also the Chief Patron of the Muslim Gurjar Desh Charitable Trust. Choudhary served in the police and retired as the Additional Director of the General Police (IPS) in 2004.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="09e73a882c9a76450a1b73835b3471a0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120224366,"asset_id":126331245,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120224366/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126331245"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126331245"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126331245; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126331245]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126331245]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126331245; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126331245']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122897039"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122897039/TRIBAL_RIGHTS_A_Handbook_for_Forest_Dwellers_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_By_JAVAID_RAHI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of TRIBAL RIGHTS - A Handbook for Forest Dwellers of Jammu and Kashmir By JAVAID RAHI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117461801/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122897039/TRIBAL_RIGHTS_A_Handbook_for_Forest_Dwellers_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_By_JAVAID_RAHI">TRIBAL RIGHTS - A Handbook for Forest Dwellers of Jammu and Kashmir By JAVAID RAHI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>TRIBAL RIGHTS - A Handbook for Forest Dwellers of Jammu and Kashmir By JAVAID RAHI </span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 20...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, is a key piece of forest legislation  extended to Jammu and Kashmir in 2019. This Act acknowledged and protected the rights of tribal and traditional forest dweller populations on forest land. The Act was not applicable to Jammu &  Kashmir until 2019. However, after a 14-year wait, it was finally extended to J&amp;K under the Reorganisation Act 2019 of the Parliament of India.<br />Despite the new tribal laws that have been extended to J&K. A  significant number of forest residents, particularly those who live in remote areas of the Union Territory, are unaware of their rights.To Aware them the book covers a wide range of topics, including:<br />1. Providing a thorough description of the action and its goals.<br />2. Explaining the criteria for deciding who qualifies as a forest inhabitant and is entitled for the rights.<br />3. Describing the procedure for filing claims for individual and community forest rights.<br />4. Defining the specific duties and obligations of government entities in carrying out the<br />enactment.<br />5. Guiding forest dwellers in pursuing legal recourse and engaging in<br />advocacy in cases of rights violations.<br /><br />Further, the objective of this book is to educate forest-dwelling communities with this information, allowing them to exercise their rights and protect their way of life. Furthermore, it seeks to bridge the gap between the government and the public. As a result, the book serves as a comprehensive guide to the functioning of Forest Rights Committees, including Gram Sabhas. The book covers procedures for holding meetings, issuing notices, filling Form A/B/C, correspondence, evidence of occupation, passing various resolutions, reaching out to other committees, establishing quorums, and so on.<br />The guidebook includes a few documents that address critical problems such as fencing forests, eviction, rehabilitation, and the future course of action for implementing the Forest Rights Act 2006.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="66cd309782725bdc7f883d4c9778f3c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117461801,"asset_id":122897039,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117461801/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122897039"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122897039"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122897039; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122570080"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122570080/Life_and_Work_of_Gujjar_leader_Wazir_Mohd_Hakla"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Life and Work of Gujjar leader Wazir Mohd Hakla" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117209395/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122570080/Life_and_Work_of_Gujjar_leader_Wazir_Mohd_Hakla">Life and Work of Gujjar leader Wazir Mohd Hakla</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Gujjar writer Wazir Mohd Hakla: Commemorative stamp</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Government of India issues commemorative stamps on the names of notable individuals to honour...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Government of India issues commemorative stamps on the names of notable individuals to honour their unparalleled contributions. In this series  Gujjar community  leader Chowdhary Wazir Mohd Hakla Poonchi  from Jammu and Kashmir  was chosen by Govt of India. It was for the first time  that the contributions of the tribal community member who worked for the country and its cultural and social fabric is recognized at the national level by the Department of Post. This gesture not only celebrates  the  legacy of Hakla Poonchi but also highlights the broader contributions of the Gujjar community  for nation especially during testing times..</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="23371c6044c51bc3a97e89dfff3f4bb5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117209395,"asset_id":122570080,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117209395/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122570080"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122570080"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122570080; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="118146717"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/118146717/LOK_VIRSO_Gojri_The_Folk_Lore_of_Gujjar_Tribe_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of LOK VIRSO ( Gojri) - The Folk Lore of Gujjar Tribe by Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113840954/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/118146717/LOK_VIRSO_Gojri_The_Folk_Lore_of_Gujjar_Tribe_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">LOK VIRSO ( Gojri) - The Folk Lore of Gujjar Tribe by Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Lok Virso -the Folk Lore of Gujjar Tribe by Dr. Javaid Rahi</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The book 'LOK VIRSO (Gojri) - Folk Lore of Gujjar Tribe' is a research work by noted tribal res...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The book  'LOK VIRSO (Gojri) - Folk Lore of Gujjar Tribe' is a research work by noted  tribal researcher, Dr. Javaid Rahi. Spanning across 334 pages provides  profound understanding of the Gujjar heritage.The book covers  Gujjar folklore, traditions, folk tales , and customs that have shaped the Gujjar identity of this resilient community for generations. From the melodious strains of Gojri Folk Songs to the timeless wisdom encapsulated in Gujjar Proverbs, every aspect of Gujjar folklore is meticulously explored and brought to life.<br /><br />Unravel the enchanting narratives of Gojri Folk Tales, passed down through oral tradition, each one a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the Gujjar people. Dive into the world of Folk Games, Rituals, and Traditions, gaining insight into the intricate social fabric that binds the Gujjar community together.<br /><br />Moreover, Dr. Rahi's comprehensive research sheds light on the lesser-known aspects of Gujjar life, including Folk Medicines and Beliefs, offering a holistic view of their customs and practices. Through meticulous documentation and insightful analysis, 'LOK VIRSO' serves as a valuable resource for scholars, anthropologists, and enthusiasts alike, providing a deeper understanding of the Gujjar culture and its enduring legacy.<br /><br />Embark on a voyage of discovery, as 'LOK VIRSO' unveils the rich tapestry of Gujjar folklore, celebrating the resilience, creativity, and cultural richness of this remarkable tribe."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b76e6468cceaf9ffccb71e5d9ceb9c2c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113840954,"asset_id":118146717,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113840954/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="118146717"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="118146717"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 118146717; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107445943"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107445943/Gujjar_Qabila_Ki_Louk_Warsti_Dictionary_Volume_02_Folk_Lore_Dictionary_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Vol_02_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gujjar Qabila Ki Louk Warsti Dictionary Volume -02 (Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe Vol: 02 )by Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106110070/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107445943/Gujjar_Qabila_Ki_Louk_Warsti_Dictionary_Volume_02_Folk_Lore_Dictionary_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Vol_02_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">Gujjar Qabila Ki Louk Warsti Dictionary Volume -02 (Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe Vol: 02 )by Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe Vol: 02 by Dr. Javaid Rahi</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">'Gujjar Qabila ki Louk Warsti Dictionary'(Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe )by Dr. Javaid Rah...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">'Gujjar Qabila ki Louk Warsti Dictionary'(Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe )by Dr. Javaid Rahi 'Gujjar Qabila ki Louk Warsti Dictionary'(Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe )by Dr. Javaid Rahi is a remarkable contribution to the preservation of the rich cultural heritage and folklore of the Gujjar community. Comprising two volumes, this work explores the vast tapestry of Gujjar folklore and traditions in the Gojri language, transcribed in the Persian script. Rahi's dedication to capturing the essence of Gujjar culture is evident throughout both volumes. In his preface, he candidly expresses the challenge he faced due to the absence of existing dictionaries in Dogri or Kashmiri, the primary languages of the region. However, his determination led him to consult various sources, including the Punjabi Folklore Encyclopaedia, to create this invaluable resource. As the Gujjar community, once nomadic, transitions into settled life, the need to document their folklore becomes increasingly vital. Rahi's work fulfills this need, complementing his earlier contributions to Gujjar literature, such as the "Encyclopedia of Himalayan Gujjars." His dedication to providing literature to his community is commendable and may one day be recognized as a pivotal element in the Gujjar cultural revival. The inclusion of photographs of Gujjars and Bakerwals adds to the documentation's value, although clearer images would have been beneficial for a work of this permanent significance. One of the most valuable aspects of this dictionary is the addenda featuring Gujjar proverbs and popular sayings. Titled "Chunam Gojra akhan te Bujharat," this section is an invaluable addition to Gujjar literature, shedding light on customs, beliefs, and the linguistic richness of the community. Rahi's work goes beyond language and delves into the beliefs and superstitions prevalent among Gujjars. He explains the historical significance of words and phrases, tying them to fascinating folk tales and historical events. For instance, he narrates the tale of "Tajo," a courageous Gujjar youth from Uri, adding depth to the cultural fabric of the community. In his comments on the first volume, Prof. Zahur ud Din rightly emphasizes the importance of such works in preserving global culture and civilization.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="55667e211c6b5858e5ea6bba87b200e5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106110070,"asset_id":107445943,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106110070/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107445943"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107445943"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107445943; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="107338469"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/107338469/Gujjar_Qabila_Ki_Louk_Warsti_Dictionary_Volume_01_Folk_Lore_Dictionary_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Vol_01_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gujjar Qabila Ki Louk Warsti Dictionary Volume -01 (Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe Vol: 01 )by Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106031970/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/107338469/Gujjar_Qabila_Ki_Louk_Warsti_Dictionary_Volume_01_Folk_Lore_Dictionary_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Vol_01_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">Gujjar Qabila Ki Louk Warsti Dictionary Volume -01 (Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe Vol: 01 )by Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span> Gujjar Qabila ki Louk Warsti Dictionary Volume -01 (Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe Vol: 01 )by Dr. Javaid Rahi</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated"> 'Gujjar Qabila ki Louk Warsti Dictionary'(Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe )by Dr. Javaid R...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">'Gujjar Qabila  ki Louk Warsti Dictionary'(Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe )by Dr. Javaid Rahi <br />'Gujjar Qabila ki Louk Warsti Dictionary'(Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe )by Dr. Javaid Rahi is a remarkable contribution to the preservation of the rich cultural heritage and folklore of the Gujjar community. Comprising two volumes, this work explores the vast tapestry of Gujjar folklore and traditions in the Gojri language, transcribed in the Persian script. <br /> <br />Rahi's dedication to capturing the essence of Gujjar culture is evident throughout both volumes. In his preface, he candidly expresses the challenge he faced due to the absence of existing dictionaries in Dogri or Kashmiri, the primary languages of the region. However, his determination led him to consult various sources, including the Punjabi Folklore Encyclopaedia, to create this invaluable resource. <br /> <br />As the Gujjar community, once nomadic, transitions into settled life, the need to document their folklore becomes increasingly vital. Rahi's work fulfills this need, complementing his earlier contributions to Gujjar literature, such as the "Encyclopedia of Himalayan Gujjars." His dedication to providing literature to his community is commendable and may one day be recognized as a pivotal element in the Gujjar cultural revival. <br /> <br />The inclusion of photographs of Gujjars and Bakerwals adds to the documentation's value, although clearer images would have been beneficial for a work of this permanent significance. <br /> <br />One of the most valuable aspects of this dictionary is the addenda featuring Gujjar proverbs and popular sayings. Titled "Chunam Gojra akhan te Bujharat," this section is an invaluable addition to Gujjar literature, shedding light on customs, beliefs, and the linguistic richness of the community. <br /> <br />Rahi's work goes beyond language and delves into the beliefs and superstitions prevalent among Gujjars. He explains the historical significance of words and phrases, tying them to fascinating folk tales and historical events. For instance, he narrates the tale of "Tajo," a courageous Gujjar youth from Uri, adding depth to the cultural fabric of the community. <br /> <br />In his comments on the first volume, Prof. Zahur ud Din rightly emphasizes the importance of such works in preserving global culture and civilization. The study of folklore allows us to reflect on our past and appreciate the building blocks of our society and culture. <br /> <br />While acknowledging the value of this work, suggestions for improvement include adding pronunciation guides, pictures or sketches for clarity, and gender descriptions for words. These additions could enhance the accessibility and usability of the dictionary. <br /> <br />Overall, "Folk-Lore Dictionary of Gujjar Tribe" is a pioneering effort by Dr. Javaid Rahi to document the cultural heritage of the Gujjar community. Given the absence of similar dictionaries in regional languages, Rahi's dedication and scholarship deserve high praise. This work promises to be a cornerstone in the preservation of Gujjar folklore and customs, ensuring that future generations can connect with their rich heritage. Rahi's contributions to Gujjar literature and culture mark him as a luminary in the Gujjar renaissance in India.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e2af99c3e7505977831bea32c6326b3f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106031970,"asset_id":107338469,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106031970/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="107338469"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="107338469"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 107338469; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="106855376"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/106855376/MAHATMA_GANDHI_Tasweeran_Sangh_Kahani_by_Smt_Saraladevi_Mazumdar_GOJRI_Translation_by_JAVAID_RAHI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MAHATMA GANDHI -Tasweeran Sangh Kahani by Smt. Saraladevi Mazumdar-GOJRI Translation by JAVAID RAHI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105817523/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/106855376/MAHATMA_GANDHI_Tasweeran_Sangh_Kahani_by_Smt_Saraladevi_Mazumdar_GOJRI_Translation_by_JAVAID_RAHI">MAHATMA GANDHI -Tasweeran Sangh Kahani by Smt. Saraladevi Mazumdar-GOJRI Translation by JAVAID RAHI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MAHATMA GANDHI -Tasweeran Sangh Kahani by Smt. Saraladevi Mazumdar-GOJRI Translation by JAVAID RAHI</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">GOJRI BOOK "MAHATMA GANDHI - Tasweeran Sangh Kahani - GOJRI Translation by JAVAID RAHI" is a rema...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">GOJRI BOOK "MAHATMA GANDHI - Tasweeran Sangh Kahani - GOJRI Translation by JAVAID RAHI" is a remarkable literary endeavor that transcends time and generations, encapsulating the enduring legacy of Mahatma Gandhi in a new and captivating form. This unique work is a translation of the original book "Mahatma Gandhi – Story In Pictures," authored and illustrated by the gifted artist and freedom fighter, Smt. Saraladevi Mazumdar (1911 - 2001).<br /><br />Smt. Saraladevi Mazumdar was not only a talented artist but also a devoted Gandhian who believed in the power of visual storytelling to convey the transformative journey of Mahatma Gandhi. The book's current presentation is a homage to the timeless content of a publication that first saw the light of day over half a century ago, but now reimagined for a new generation.<br /><br />At its core, this book serves as a pictorial chronicle of the pivotal moments in the life of Mahatma Gandhi, from his humble beginnings as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi to the revered Mahatma. It takes readers on an evocative visual journey through his life, showcasing his unwavering commitment to truth, non-violence, and social justice.<br /><br />Mahatma Gandhi's life was deeply influenced by the values instilled in him by his parents and elders during his formative years. These values, such as honesty, humility, and empathy, became the bedrock of his entire existence. Now, as we stand in the present, it is imperative to pass on these fundamental values to the younger generation. By doing so, we can contribute to the construction of a more equitable and compassionate society in the future.<br /><br />In today's world, with its myriad challenges and conflicts, the teachings and principles of Mahatma Gandhi resonate more profoundly than ever before. His advocacy for peace, justice, and human dignity is a beacon of hope in turbulent times. The publication of "MAHATMA GANDHI - Tasweeran Sangh Kahani" represents the initial step in rekindling the awareness and appreciation of Gandhian values.<br /><br />This book not only preserves the spirit of Mahatma Gandhi's life and philosophy but also offers a visual medium through which readers, especially the youth, can connect with his timeless wisdom. It serves as a reminder that in a world often marred by discord and divisiveness, the Gandhian path of non-violence and moral integrity remains a guiding light towards a better tomorrow.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f618c72c77a6b66f87a5826fc45298e2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105817523,"asset_id":106855376,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105817523/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106855376"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106855376"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106855376; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=106855376]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=106855376]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106855376; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='106855376']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f618c72c77a6b66f87a5826fc45298e2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=106855376]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":106855376,"title":"MAHATMA GANDHI -Tasweeran Sangh Kahani by Smt. Saraladevi Mazumdar-GOJRI Translation by JAVAID RAHI","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106855376/MAHATMA_GANDHI_Tasweeran_Sangh_Kahani_by_Smt_Saraladevi_Mazumdar_GOJRI_Translation_by_JAVAID_RAHI","owner_id":94470568,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":94470568,"first_name":"Dr. Javaid","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rahi","page_name":"DrJavaidRahi","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2018-10-04T22:32:01.100-07:00","display_name":"Dr. Javaid Rahi","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrJavaidRahi"},"attachments":[{"id":105817523,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105817523/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Gandhi_Final_compressed.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105817523/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"MAHATMA_GANDHI_Tasweeran_Sangh_Kahani_by.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105817523/Gandhi_Final_compressed.pdf?1695128521=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMAHATMA_GANDHI_Tasweeran_Sangh_Kahani_by.pdf\u0026Expires=1739387643\u0026Signature=DNHps6RZjTMqhwKtIErv~1rMDoremklEMzOj4pwb96XSceYzE194xs-GuWC3nNPRXVfkxYigenywhnjviEi4qzYDR0xBlcDtXntag-WCGpx1LonXKySIQPUW0UkdNnxcwaybOHHyzSXxzL3qmq~jpEiIGJLTnweKCnF-YujdmsQAPotspclaIiZqEn4lRjic5YisK8jB8jK29l1qxYgjEIAuSHk1Rg1OpyaZLbg1Pdw2E6lwCQ2molbLXDjv-ITDWGmrEOrqsXkTMs4dogcH1ta3YL~J46-0V~9Gl5Myum5JNMl9ySoDjxB2oF5vgJCeZY0gIk-LK7ApNmv~CVzX7A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43050620"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43050620/Gojri_Music_7_Emerging_Female_Voices_by_Dr_JAVAID_RAHI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gojri Music : 7 Emerging Female Voices by Dr. JAVAID RAHI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63309883/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43050620/Gojri_Music_7_Emerging_Female_Voices_by_Dr_JAVAID_RAHI">Gojri Music : 7 Emerging Female Voices by Dr. JAVAID RAHI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Gojri Music : 7 Emerging Female Voices by Dr. JAVAID RAHI</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gojri is the third largest spoken language of Jammu and Kashmir after Kashmiri and Dogri. It poss...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gojri is the third largest spoken language of Jammu and Kashmir after Kashmiri and Dogri. It possesses rich cultural inheritance in the shape of folk and oral lore, creative literature, music, theatre, dance and other performing arts. As far as the Gojri music is concerned, it has its own indigenous legacy in the shape of classical and folk tune and tenor besides having developed a robust music tradition in recent times. Further, it owns rhythmic and notational tunes of folk singing that have been in existence for centuries in the shape of Baits, Siharfis, Baramah, and other more than a dozen music forms. Gojri Music has also registered its presence throughout the globe through its melodious compositions, symbolizing the nomadic culture of Gujjar tribes. The Gujjar women have played a key role in popularizing and disseminating of Gojri music, despite the cultural and tribal restrictions discouraging the public performances of songs and music. Traditionally they were expected to limit their performances to private functions like marriages held within four walls. Those who were committed to the singing career and amateur singers were restricted from public appearances.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="caaed1b8e1735fa326e61e1714379a36" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63309883,"asset_id":43050620,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63309883/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43050620"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43050620"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43050620; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43037526"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43037526/Folklore_of_Gujjars_Bakarwals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Gojri_Lok_Geet_GOJRI_FOLK_SONGS_Compiled_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Folklore of Gujjars Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir -Gojri Lok Geet (GOJRI FOLK SONGS) -Compiled by : Dr Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63298198/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43037526/Folklore_of_Gujjars_Bakarwals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Gojri_Lok_Geet_GOJRI_FOLK_SONGS_Compiled_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">Folklore of Gujjars Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir -Gojri Lok Geet (GOJRI FOLK SONGS) -Compiled by : Dr Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Gojri Lok Geet (GOJRI FOLK SONGS) -Compiled by : Dr Javaid Rahi</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gojri Lok Geet (GOJRI FOLK SONGS) The evolution of traditional music of Gujjar Tribe is quite int...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gojri Lok Geet (GOJRI FOLK SONGS)<br />The evolution of traditional music of Gujjar Tribe is quite interesting and colorful. Its vocal music on one hand its instrumental music seems to be influenced by the indigenous Indian Music. One can find a special tinge of Gojri Music interwoven with music of Central Asia as in ancient times the Gujjars happen to be the nomadic tribe of those areas. At present, the mountain and valleys of northern India echoing with the traditional Gojri Music may it be the desert of Rajasthan, hills of Dheradoon or high mountains of Kashmir. Not only this form Kashmir to Kabul and Uttaranchal to Baluchistan every vale and cliff bears the proof that Gojri Music has been rich since centuries ago. However the downfall was also closely flowing as with the advent of Islam among the gujjars. The traditional music received setback, in that only sofiyana music remained vogue where as various other forms of performing arts including dances could not keep up with Islamic principals. That is way Gujjar Tribe turns towards the vocal music while the instrumental side was forgotten by and by.<br />The approximation that high pitch and one piece of Bait must be completed in four consecutive breaths while a Si-Harfi of BaraMah requires eight breaths. The pitch is generally high and that is way the singer put his finger on the both ear hole<br />BAIT : Bait is perhaps the most popular genre of Gojri. This form of Gojri music is vocal in nature. Due to the influence of Islam on the Gujjars there is very less element of instrumental side in their traditional music.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b1170cc5c84bb81199dce0f2b211330d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63298198,"asset_id":43037526,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63298198/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43037526"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43037526"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43037526; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="42999637"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/42999637/Gojri_Dictionary_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi_Part_V_of_V_The_Languages_of_Gujjars"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gojri Dictionary by Dr. Javaid Rahi -(Part V of V) The Languages of Gujjars" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63262519/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/42999637/Gojri_Dictionary_by_Dr_Javaid_Rahi_Part_V_of_V_The_Languages_of_Gujjars">Gojri Dictionary by Dr. Javaid Rahi -(Part V of V) The Languages of Gujjars</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Gojri Dictionary by Dr. Javaid Rahi </span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Concise Gojri Dictionary by Dr. Javaid Rahi In an effort to preserve languages spoken by the tri...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Concise Gojri Dictionary  by Dr. Javaid Rahi<br />In an effort to preserve languages spoken by the tribal communities of Gujjars and Bakerwals in Jammu and Kashmir, the lexicons of Gojri- the largest spoken tribal languages of the State, was recently published by J&K Academy of Art, Culture and Languages (JKAACL).<br />Compiled by Dr Javaid Rahi, Chief Editor of Academy, this is the first ever concise dictionary in Gojri. The dictionary containing 70,000 words spoken by the Gujjars and Bakerwal communities have been prepared to cater the demand of Tribal Researchers of J&K and other 11 States of India where the Gujjar community lives and speak Gojri.<br />This is the fourth dictionary project which has been compiled under the supervision of noted Gojri writer Dr Javaid Rahi, who is also working as Chief Editor of Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages.<br />The project was taken into hand by Gojri section of the Academy in 2012. 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The dictionary containing 70,000 words spoken by the Gujjars and Bakerwal communities have been prepared to cater the demand of Tribal Researchers of J&K and other 11 States of India where the Gujjar community lives and speak Gojri.<br />This is the fourth dictionary project which has been compiled under the supervision of noted Gojri writer Dr Javaid Rahi, who is also working as Chief Editor of Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages.<br />The project was taken into hand by Gojri section of the Academy in 2012. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41978043"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41978043/The_GUJJARS_Vol_01_A_Book_on_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The GUJJARS -Vol : 01 A Book on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/62103115/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41978043/The_GUJJARS_Vol_01_A_Book_on_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Javaid_Rahi">The GUJJARS -Vol : 01 A Book on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gujjars are one of the important tribes of the north-western India. In the Indian subcontinent t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gujjars are one of the important tribes of the <br />north-western India. In the Indian subcontinent they are <br />spread over twelve states of India and are found in all the <br />four provinces of Pakistan. Besides, their habitats are <br />found in Afghanistan and Iran also.  <br />Gujjars have a strong cultural identity. They have <br />their own culture, custom, traditions folk-lore, ethnicity <br />and five thousand year history at their back. The greater <br />Gujrat which was called “Gujjar Ratha” (the kingdom of <br />Gujjars) in history was ruled by Gujjars from fifth century <br />to 11the century AD. At that point of time the boundaries <br />of Gujrat were spread over today’s northwestern states of <br />India. This was the golden period of Gujjar identity.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1069e3ea2ead4d6c163ca8cb9779f66e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62103115,"asset_id":41978043,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62103115/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41978043"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41978043"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41978043; 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The tribals are exceedingly worried that the oldest variety of the mastiff which  protects big herd of livestock during bi-annual seasonal tribal migration may become a part of history in the near future as the population of this rear breed is declining alarmingly.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="37b04efd45cd45375df43ba94f4ea3b6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61901510,"asset_id":41745807,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61901510/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41745807"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41745807"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41745807; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41737638"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41737638/An_Act_to_end_atrocities_against_JK_Gujjars_Dalits"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Act to end atrocities against JK Gujjars, Dalits" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61894688/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41737638/An_Act_to_end_atrocities_against_JK_Gujjars_Dalits">An Act to end atrocities against JK Gujjars, Dalits</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">After 30 years of its existence in the country, the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes ( S...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">After 30 years of its existence in the country, the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes ( SC/ST Prevention of Atrocities,) Act  was extended to Union  Territory of Jammu Kashmir through ‘Reorganisation Act, 2019’ – enacted by  the Parliament of India in August 2019.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="efc8bb7b0650d5a73163462316acc9b8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61894688,"asset_id":41737638,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61894688/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41737638"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41737638"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41737638; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41725937"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41725937/The_GUJJARS_Vol_04_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The GUJJARS Vol -04 History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed. Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61884432/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41725937/The_GUJJARS_Vol_04_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">The GUJJARS Vol -04 History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed. Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Gujjars Vol 04</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Gujjars numbered around 2,038,692 according to their last census in 1931. Eight provinces wer...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Gujjars numbered around 2,038,692 according<br />to their last census in 1931. Eight provinces were then<br />identified as pockets inhabited by them namely, Delhi,<br />Jammu- Kashmir, Punjab (undivided) the North-West<br />Provinces (Pakistan) and other area in and along the<br />Himalayas (now Uttaranchal and Himanchal Pradesh). The<br />Van Gujjars are relatively unknown in relation to the Hindu<br />Gujjars of North West India. According to the current<br />reports, the majority of Van Gujjars are semi-nomadic,<br />forest-dwelling and cattle-herding Muslim.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c9392d229cdf21760ecd9343c1e1643c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61884432,"asset_id":41725937,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61884432/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41725937"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41725937"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41725937; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41725937]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41725937]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41725937; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41725937']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c9392d229cdf21760ecd9343c1e1643c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41725937]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41725937,"title":"The GUJJARS Vol -04 History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed. 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Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61884188/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41725601/The_GUJJARS_Volume_03_A_Book_Series_on_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">The GUJJARS- Volume 03 : A Book Series on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed. Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Gujjars </span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gojri belongs to the central group of the IndoAryan subfamily of Indo-European languages. Gojri (...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gojri belongs to the central group of the IndoAryan subfamily of Indo-European languages. Gojri (or<br />Gojri) is spoken by the Gurjars (or Gujjars), traditionally<br />nomadic pastoralists, who are scattered widely throughout<br />the northern Subcontinent. While remaining an “oral<br />society” in the classic sense, Gujjars in recent decades<br />have begun attending school, organizing politically, and<br />writing poetry and prose in their own language. Today, in<br />part because of government sponsorship, the level of Gojri<br />broadcasting and literary activity is higher than that for<br />other minority languages in the region. To date, however,<br />Gojri lacks an agreed-upon set of writing conventions.<br />Writers and editors tend to write phonetically, and with<br />wildly varying degrees of reference to the conventions of<br />Urdu, the primary language of wider communication and<br />the language of education in most communities.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="83e413e35be2c591f2f3356019f130df" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61884188,"asset_id":41725601,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61884188/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41725601"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41725601"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41725601; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41725601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41725601]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41725601; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41725601']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "83e413e35be2c591f2f3356019f130df" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41725601]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41725601,"title":"The GUJJARS- Volume 03 : A Book Series on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed. Dr. Javaid Rahi","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41725601/The_GUJJARS_Volume_03_A_Book_Series_on_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Dr_Javaid_Rahi","owner_id":94470568,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":94470568,"first_name":"Dr. Javaid","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Rahi","page_name":"DrJavaidRahi","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2018-10-04T22:32:01.100-07:00","display_name":"Dr. Javaid Rahi","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrJavaidRahi"},"attachments":[{"id":61884188,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61884188/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"the-gujjars-vol-3-edited-by-dr-javaid-rahi20200124-59719-15kv73b.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61884188/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_GUJJARS_Volume_03_A_Book_Series_on_H.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/61884188/the-gujjars-vol-3-edited-by-dr-javaid-rahi20200124-59719-15kv73b-libre.pdf?1579886405=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_GUJJARS_Volume_03_A_Book_Series_on_H.pdf\u0026Expires=1739804969\u0026Signature=OsUjTfaO27xop1tZcT2zfC8HJ8Aw6Bg4nmVFdKCgh4ibn-SjGo8i8tOg1cP7rhOa65vYBqd4yX5ohdxsXpEFzl3obsd46bfqkcYqU9d6iE9pXMGAwZhHXhwlv6TrrTi7eZ~QPdZ8zauZJMxdxlIoJ6-WAB~hFo65Y9DEYAOJanrZ3rUsKogxdtA6xQctbS7K1~0lmz~sq13inmeOae0mxijDrnJMM4MXZKSFOohCXwVGEWVYMhDkCSLmxmnkBbn~ItZhvV2EBGKWloJubFfA4wcL2NJnzXZLFpUWqTbWFp4yKs27GMaAxDHUgIRLtR~eVfAj8abVnaoCUIbVk285nw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41725581"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41725581/The_GUJJARS_Vol_05_Topic_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The GUJJARS Vol 05 Topic : History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe- Ed. Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61884166/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41725581/The_GUJJARS_Vol_05_Topic_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">The GUJJARS Vol 05 Topic : History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe- Ed. Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Gujjars </span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">"The Gujjars" is in your hands. This book series was started by Gojri section with the approval o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">"The Gujjars" is in your hands. This<br />book series was started by Gojri section with the approval<br />of Central Committee of the Academy. The main objective<br />of this book series was to publish articles about life and<br />Culture of Gujjar and Bakerwal tribes of the State. In this<br />publication 20 articles on various aspects of Gujjar are<br />being included.<br />An article of George Abraham Grierson about Gojri<br />Language has been chosen from his book "Linguistic Survey<br />of India". The article presents many shades of Gojri<br />Language spoken in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan.<br />In this article George Abraham Grierson highlights<br />the difference between Gojri of Hazara,Yusufzai Gujuri,<br />Yusufzai Ajri, Gujri of Kashmir, Gojri of the Sub -Montane<br />Panjab, Gujari of Gujrat, Gujari of Gurdaspur, Gujari of<br />Kangra, Gujari of Hoshiarpur.<br />This is first ever comparative study of Gojri available<br />which provides a deep insight about Gojri language and its<br />vast reach to various areas.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d505cdf329aa2074859b3f60601110af" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61884166,"asset_id":41725581,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61884166/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41725581"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41725581"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41725581; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41725581]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41725581]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41725581; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='41725581']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d505cdf329aa2074859b3f60601110af" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=41725581]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":41725581,"title":"The GUJJARS Vol 05 Topic : History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe- Ed. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43050675"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43050675/The_GUJJARS_Vol_06_A_Book_on_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The GUJJARS -Vol : 06- A Book on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63309945/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43050675/The_GUJJARS_Vol_06_A_Book_on_History_and_Culture_of_Gujjar_Tribe_Ed_Javaid_Rahi">The GUJJARS -Vol : 06- A Book on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The GUJJARS -Vol : 06- Ed Javaid Rahi</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">"The Gujjars" a book series started by the Academy with approval of its Central Committee. This i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">"The Gujjars" a book series<br />started by the Academy with approval of its Central<br />Committee. This is the 6th issue of this series. <br />To highlight the vibration of Gujjar identity<br />this series was started. The Gujjars was once a big identity.<br />The Gurjara-Pratihara kings (6th to11th AD) ruled various<br />areas of today's India. They are also known as great<br />builders. This dynasty had built a numbers of Forts,<br />Buildings, Temples which are presently on the verge of<br />extinction.<br />Some notable sculptures of this period include<br />temples standing at Osian, Abhaneri, Kotah, and most<br />charming sculptures Sursundari of Gwalior of the GurjaraPratihara Art.<br />In this issue, some articles are included to press the<br />tribe to work for revival of vibrancy of Gujjar Culture . <br /><br />article on Gujjars : A Community Fact-finding of Jammu and<br />Kashmir, India by Dr. Florentina R, Ms. Grazia gives an<br />insight about the Gujjar community residing in Kashmir<br />valley.<br />Another article is George Abraham Grierson's study<br />of Indo-Aryan Languages: Inner -sub -branch. Further the<br />article of Shamim Ahmed Azad about Plants Used Against<br />Gynaecological Diseases of The Gujjar, Bakerwal and Pahari<br />Speaking People of District Rajouri (J&K) gives a<br />information about wild trees and its usage by different<br />tribes.<br />Dr. Kavita Suri and Deepshikha Hooda's Impact of<br />Militancy on Gujjar-Bakkarwal Tribes In Jammu And<br />Kashmir provide another view of Tribal life.<br />Meanwhile, The Gojri language loses its veteran<br />writer, poet and researcher Ch. Bashir ud Din Naseem<br />Poonchi who passed away on July 28, 2015 at his residence<br />at Nunar village of Ganderbal district. He was 75. Naseem<br />Poonchi was author of about one dozen Gojri books and as<br />translator he had translated many world classics into Gojri. <br />He was the first author of the Gojri language who's book<br />was adjudged as best in State level competition organized<br />by J&K Academy of Art, Culture and Languages in 1977.<br />In 1978, he was appointed as founder Editor of<br />Sheeraza Gojri in J&K Cultural Academy. He remained head<br />of the Gojri wing of Academy for 17 years. Later he retired<br />as Deputy Secretary Culture in 2000. His main Gojri books<br />are Nain sulakhna, Khechal, Kalam e Naseem, translation of<br />Rubayat e Khayam, Gulistan e Saidi, Bostan e Saidi, Kalam e<br />Roomi, Karwan e Madina, Masnavi Maulana Roomi (six<br />Volumes) into Gojri.<br />Dr. Javaid Rahi</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="728234152b3de55843ab3ba26ef01b2b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63309945,"asset_id":43050675,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63309945/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43050675"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43050675"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43050675; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10695681" id="drafts"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44255286"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255286/Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_case_study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakerwals_By_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir -A case study of Gujjars and Bakerwals- By Dr. Javaid Rahi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64629201/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255286/Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_case_study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakerwals_By_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir -A case study of Gujjars and Bakerwals- By Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Low Literacy rate among tribes Despite government continuous efforts to encourage education among...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Low Literacy rate among tribes<br />Despite government continuous efforts to encourage education among the Scheduled Tribes groups , the literacy rates of some of the Tribal communities of Jammu and Kashmir especially the Gujjars and Bakerwals  is extremely low as compared to the national and  average, as said in the census data. The literacy rate in India ,  as per Census 2011,  is 73 percent and  for STs at the national level, it is 59 percent only . But in J&K only  50 percent tribal are shown literate. The main reasons of the low literacy among tribes are  poverty, conflict, topography and superstitions. The female literacy rate extremely lower as compared to the national average.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f3ffcc8537d83fdba44937027d4e01f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64629201,"asset_id":44255286,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64629201/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44255286"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44255286"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44255286; 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