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href="/fr/news/press-release/cern/cern-council-selects-mark-thomson-next-director-general-starting-2026" hreflang="fr" title="Le Conseil du CERN choisit Mark Thomson comme prochain directeur général du CERN à compter de 2026"> <span> Le Conseil du CERN choisit Mark Thomson comme... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-11-06T11:00:02Z">6 novembre, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191152" id="preview-card--2" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/ba1938f2-89a3-4bdd-bd79-5b83ed6f3e35.JPG?itok=Lh4ptU3U') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/ba1938f2-89a3-4bdd-bd79-5b83ed6f3e35.JPG?itok=Lh4ptU3U" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/fr/news/news/cern/estonian-flag-raised-cern"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/fr/news/news/cern/estonian-flag-raised-cern" hreflang="fr" title="Le drapeau de l’Estonie hissé au CERN"> <span> Le drapeau de l’Estonie hissé au CERN </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> News </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-17T12:33:54Z">17 octobre, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> 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<!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div> <!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> </nav> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="container-fluid cern-page-display-page cern-page-display-landing_page"> <div class="has-no-column wrapper-center col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div data-history-node-id="5026" class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="field field--name-field-component field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__fluid section-navigation component-row__has-header effect_none is_half_height"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column 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src="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-23296-1/file?size=large"/> </a> <figcaption> <span> (Image: CERN)</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="endof-cern-header-blocks"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="component-margin component-margin-small" ></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-9 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <figure role="group" class="align-left"> <img alt="Photograph of Paul Dirac" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="fb45311c-ecfe-4ad0-b260-338ffb4212a4" height="auto" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/achintya/Dirac_4.jpg" width="750" loading="lazy"> <figcaption>Paul Dirac, qui a prédit l'existence des antiparticules (Image : Fondation Nobel)</figcaption> </figure> <p>En 1928, le physicien britannique Paul Dirac formulait une équation combinant la théorie quantique et la relativité restreinte pour décrire le comportement d’un électron se déplaçant à une vitesse relativiste. Cette équation – qui valut à Dirac le <a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/">prix Nobel de physique en 1933</a> – posait un problème : tout comme l’équation x<sup>2</sup> = 4 peut avoir deux solutions (x = 2 ou x = −2), l’équation de Dirac était vérifiée pour deux valeurs : un électron d’énergie positive et un électron d’énergie négative. Or la physique classique, tout comme le bon sens, voulait que l’énergie d’une particule ait toujours une valeur positive.</p> <p>Dirac en tira la conclusion que, à chaque particule de matière correspond une antiparticule, tout à fait semblable, mais de charge opposée. Pour l’électron, par exemple, il devait y avoir un « anti-électron » (ou « positon »), identique en tous points à l’électron, mais de charge électrique positive. Cette idée ouvrait la voie à l’éventualité de galaxies et d’univers entièrement constitués d’antimatière.</p> <p>Mais lorsque la matière et l’antimatière entrent en contact, elles s’annihilent et disparaissent dans une bouffée d’énergie. Or le <a href="https://home.cern/fr/science/early-universe">Big Bang</a> devrait avoir créé matière et antimatière en quantités égales. Alors, pourquoi y a-t-il bien plus de matière que d’antimatière dans l’Univers ?</p> <p>Au CERN, les scientifiques fabriquent de l’antimatière pour la soumettre à des expériences. Tout commence dans le Décélérateur d’antiprotons, qui ralentit des antiprotons pour que les scientifiques puissent étudier leurs propriétés.</p> <p>At CERN, physicists make antimatter to study in experiments. The starting point is the Antiproton Decelerator, which slows down antiprotons so that physicists can investigate their properties</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="component-row__column component-row__sidebar-right col-md-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div id="preview-card--5" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-8309528-1/file?size=small') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-8309528-1/file?size=small" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/fr/science/matter-antimatter-asymmetry-problem"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/fr/science/matter-antimatter-asymmetry-problem" title="L’énigme de l’asymétrie"> <span style="color:"> L’énigme de l’asymétrie </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--6" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-1011301-14/file?size=large') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-1011301-14/file?size=large" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/fr/science/physics/antimatter/storing-antihydrogen"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/fr/science/physics/antimatter/storing-antihydrogen" title="Stocker l’antihydrogène"> <span style="color:"> Stocker l’antihydrogène </span> </a></h3> </div> <div 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