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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Internet History Sourcebooks: Medieval Sourcebook</title> <style type="text/css">  </style> </head> <body>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-N23XC1HXST"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-N23XC1HXST'); </script>  <div id="header_new"> <div id="header_new_left"> <a href="http://www.fordham.edu"><img src="http://www.fordham.edu/site/styles/img/logo-universal.png" alt="Fordham"></a> </div> <div id="header_new_right">  <div align="right" id="searchbox" style="padding-top:.5em;"> <form method="get" action="https://www.fordham.edu/_search/s/search.html"> <input type="text" name="query"> <input 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class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/search.asp">Search</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/help.asp">Help</a> <hr /> Selected Sources Sections <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1a.asp">Studying History</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1b.asp">End of Rome</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1c.asp">Byzantium</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1d.asp">Islam</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1e.asp">Roman Church</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1f.asp">Early Germans</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1ff.asp">Anglo-Saxons</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1g.asp">Celtic World</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1h.asp">Carolingians</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1i.asp">10 C Collapse</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1j.asp">Economic Life</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1k.asp">Crusades</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1l.asp">Empire & Papacy</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1m.asp">France</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1n.asp">England</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1o.asp">Celtic States</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1oo.asp">Nordic Europe</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1p.asp">Iberia</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1q.asp">Italy</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1qq.asp">Eastern Europe</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1r.asp">Intellectual Life</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1s.asp">Medieval Church</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1t.asp">Jewish Life</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1u.asp">Social History</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1v.asp">Sex & Gender</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1w.asp">States & Society</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1x.asp">Renaissance</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1y.asp">Reformation</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook1z.asp">Exploration</a> <hr /> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/thanks.asp">IHSP Credits</a> </td> </tr> </table></td> <td id="tbl_rightnav" valign="top"> <table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td> Internet Medieval Sourcebook Selected Sources: Medieval Jewish Life <hr /> Contents <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#General">General</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#Jewish Communities and Individuals">Jewish Communities and Individuals</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Khazaria</li> <li class="H_body_text">In Islam</li> <li class="H_body_text">In Christian Iberia</li> <li class="H_body_text">In France/Germany</li> <li class="H_body_text">Relations Between Christians and Jews</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#Jewish Economic Activity">Jewish Economic Activity</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#Jews and the State">Jews and the State</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Roman Empire</li> <li class="H_body_text">Islam</li> <li class="H_body_text">Christian Iberia</li> <li class="H_body_text">France/Germany</li> <li class="H_body_text">England</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#Jewish Intellectual and Religious Life">Jewish Intellectual and Religious Life</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="#Anti-Semitism">Anti-Semitism</a></li> </ul> <hr> <a name="General">General</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/jewishsbook.html">Internet Jewish History Sourcebook</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history">Jewish Virtual Library</a> [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307154651/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB<a href="https://footprints.ctl.columbia.edu/"> Footprints: Jewish Books through Time and Place</a> [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302232148/https://footprints.ctl.columbia.edu/">here</a>] traces the history and movement of Jewish books since the inception of print.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=mip_teamsdp">Jewish Daily Life in Medieval Northern Europe, 1080-1350: A Sourcebook</a> ed, Tzafrir Barzilay, Eyal Levinson, Elisheva Baumgarten 2022 PDF [At TEAMS/WMU] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205180201/https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=mip_teamsdp">here</a>] This is an entire 200 plus page book of translations into English of primary sources. Open Access.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Claudia Rapp and Johannes Prieser-Kapeller, eds.. <a href="https://www.vr-elibrary.de/doi/pdf/10.14220/9783737013413">Mobility and Migration in Byzantium; A Sourcebook</a> [At Vr-elibrary.de] PDF [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230612100918/https://www.vr-elibrary.de/doi/pdf/10.14220/9783737013413">here</a>] Five hundred pages of translations into English on sources about migration in Byzantium. Includes both internal migration, and sections on Jews, Slavs, Armenians, Varangians (Norse), Catalans, Turks, and in relation to the Crusades. Gender-related migration is also covered.</li> </ul> <a name="Jewish Communities and Individuals">Jewish Communities and Individuals</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">A Rabbinic Responsum: <a href="source/shabbasgoy.html">The Shabbat Goy</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Khazaria<ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/khazars1.html">The Medieval Jewish Kingdom of the Khazars, 740-1259</a>, various contemporary accounts.</li> <li class="H_body_text">2ND Arthur Koestler: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/27991963/The_Thirteenth_Tribe_THE_KHAZAR_EMPIRE_AND_ITS_HERITAGE_By_Arthur_Koestler">The Thirteenth Tribe: The Khazar Empire and its Heritage</a>, full text, 1976 [Academia.edu] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220418181107/https://www.academia.edu/27991963/The_Thirteenth_Tribe_THE_KHAZAR_EMPIRE_AND_ITS_HERITAGE_By_Arthur_Koestler">here</a>] Highly debatable book by Koestler, largely based on earlier work by Dunlap and others.. </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">In Islam<ul> <li class="H_body_text">Abraham Ibd Daud: <a href="source/ha-nagid.html">On Samuel Ha-Nagid, Vizier of Granada, 993-d after 1056</a>. Includes an account of first Muslim violence against Spanish Jews.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Maimonides (1138-1204): <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307174644/http://www.ashokkarra.com/2010/07/maimonides-letter-to-obadiah-the-proselyte/"> Letter to Obadiah the Proselyte</a> [Internet Archive]</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">In Christian Iberia<ul> <li class="H_body_text">Benjamin of Tudela (1160-1173): <a href="source/12Cbenjaminofttudela.asp">The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela</a> Critical Text, Translation and Commentary by Marcus Nathan Adler. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Jewish Community of Barcelona: <a href="source/13Cbookdocuments.html">The Book of Document Forms</a>, 13th century, trans. Elka Klein</li> <li class="H_body_text">Gerald of Wales: <a href="source/1200geraldwales-cistconv.html">Two Cistercian Monks turn Jews</a>, before 1200</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1271royalgrant.html">Royal Grants to the Jewish Community of Barcelona</a>, 1241-1271, trans. Elka Klein</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/jewishwomen-grace.html">Reciting the Grace after Meals: The Status of Jewish Women</a>, from Berakhot, chap. 7, trans. Elka Klein</li> <li class="H_body_text">Barcelona Jewish Court Documents: <a href="source/1293belladona.html">A Daughter's Inheritance</a>, 1293, trans. Elka Klein</li> <li class="H_body_text">Barcelona Jewish Court Documents: <a href="source/1262cruxia.html">A Jewish Widow and her Daughter</a>, 1261-1262, trans. Elka Klein</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/canilup/toledo1449">Sentencia-Estatuto de Toledo</a>, 1449, trans Kenneth Baxter Wolf [At Canilup] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723154731/https://sites.google.com/site/canilup/toledo1449">here</a>] This text, from Toledo in 1449, is the earliest known reference to Jewish blood , as opposed to Jewish beliefs and rituals (judaizing), being held against Christian conversos in Spain. It marks the formalisation of the theoru of purity of blood, or limpieza de sangre.</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">In France/Germany<ul> <li class="H_body_text">Rashi (1040-1105): <a href="source/1105rashi.html">Communal Affairs in Troyes, c.1100</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/jewish-wills.html">Jewish Ethical Wills (12th and 14th Centuries)</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/convertstojudaism.html">Converts to Judaism: France and Germany</a>, trans. Elka Klein</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Relations Between Christians and Jews<ul> <li class="H_body_text">Maximos the Confessor (c.580-662):<a href="source/7Cmaximos-conversionofjews.asp"> Letter聽8 (end): On the forced conversion of Jews and Samaritans by Heraclius</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Gilbert Crispin: <a href="source/1196crispin-jews.html">Disputation of a Jew with a Christian about the Christian Faith</a>, before 1096</li> <li class="H_body_text">Anselm of Canterbury: <a href="source/1100anselm-convert.html">How to Treat a Convert</a>, before 1100</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070820083538/http://www.umich.edu/~iinet/worldreach/assets/docs/crusades/jewdoc1.html">Contemporary Letters on the Capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders</a>,聽Journal of Jewish Studies.聽Vol.3, no.4. 1952, pp 162-77. [Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/12jewschristian-2views.html">Contact between English Jews and Christians: Two Twelfth-century Views</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1168israelitebishop.html">An Israelite Bishop without Guile</a>, c. 1168 </li> <li class="H_body_text">Gerald of Wales: <a href="source/1185geraldwales-wittyjew.html">A Witty Jew</a>, c. 1185</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a name="Jewish Economic Activity">Jewish Economic Activity</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Fourth Council of Toledo: <a href="source/633Toledo.html">On the Keeping of Slaves</a>, 633 </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/847radanite.html">Accounts of the Routes of the Jewish Merchants to the East</a>, 847</li> <li class="H_body_text">King Louis the Child of Germany: <a href="source/905Rafflstn.html">An Inquiry into the Tolls of Raffelstettin</a>, c. 905 Information on Jewish merchants in Eastern Europe.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bishop of Speyer: <a href="source/1084landjews.html">Grant of Lands & Privileges to the Jews</a>, 1084 </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1203double-loan.html">Note of a Double Loan Arising from a Tax</a>, 1203</li> <li class="H_body_text">Innocent III (r.1198-1216):  <a href="source/1204inn3-PhilAug-Jews.html">Protest to Philip Augustus of France Against Royal Protection of Jewish Money-Lenders</a>, 1204</li> <li class="H_body_text">Pope Innocent III: <a href="source/1204Jewslave.html">The Keeping of Slaves by the Jews</a>, 1204 </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1242barcelonabusagreement.html">A Business Partnership between a Jew and Christian in Barcelona</a>, 1235-1242 CE Documents on exploitation of royal mills by Jews and Christians in Barcelona.</li> </ul> <a name="Jews and the State">Jews and the State</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">Roman Empire<ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/jews-romanlaw.html">Jews and the Later Roman Law</a>, 315-531 Laws by Constantine the Great, Constantius (337-361), Theodosius II (408-410), and Justinian (527-565).</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/julian-jews.html">Julian and the Jews</a>, 361-363 From Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History written about 443-450 </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Islam<ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/jews-umar.html">Pact of Umar</a> (another version), 9th century CE?</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/1772-jewsinislam.html">The Status of Jews and Christians in Muslim Lands</a>, 1772 A question on the position of Jews in Islam, and the answer of the Shaikh Hasan Al Kafrawi, The Shafiite [Professor of canon law in Cairo, d. 1788 CE]</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">Christian Iberia<ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/jews-visigothic1.html">The Jews of Spain and the Visigothic Code</a>, 654-681 </li> <li class="H_body_text">脕lvaro of C贸rdoba: <a href="Mozarabic Writings: 脕lvaro of C贸rdoba's Exchange of Letters with Eleazar the Jew">Exchange of Letters with Eleazar the Jew</a> trans by Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi, from Annales Bertiniani 839 CE. [At Aymennjawad.org] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406142549/https://aymennjawad.org/24929/mozarabic-writings-alvaro-of-cordoba-exchange">here</a>] Eleazar was a convert to Judaism, and he was originally a Catholic clergyman of Germanic origin called Bodo. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1276teruel.html">Jews and Christians in Teruel: The Fuero of Teruel</a>, 1176 CE Excerpts from the Fuero, or urban ordinance.</li> <li class="H_body_text">The Siete Partidas: <a href="source/jews-sietepart.html">Concerning Jews</a>, 1265.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/13cjewishviews-monpolicy.html">Jewish Views of  Royal Monetary Policy in Aragon</a>, 13th Century, trans. Elka Klein.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1354ordinance-aragon-jews.html">Ordinance of the Jews of the Crown of Aragon</a>, 1354 CE This ordinance or takkanah was the product of  an increased sense of Jewish vulnerability in the years after the Black Death (1348).</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1432synod-castile-jews.html">Synod of Castilian Jews</a>, 1432 Ordinances from  assembly of the Jews of the kingdom of Castile at Valladolid in 1432.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/1492-jews-spain1.html">The Expulsion from Spain</a>, 1492 Account by an Italian Jew.</li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">France/Germany<ul> <li class="H_body_text">Charlemagne: <a href="source/814capitul-jews.html">Capitulary for the Jews</a>, 814</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/1182-jewsfrance1.html">The Expulsion of the Jews from France</a>, 1182 Account by Rigord from the Gesta Philippi Augusti.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/1270-jews-stlouis.html">St. Louis and the Jews of France</a>, before 1270 Account by Joinville.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/1244-jews-austria.html">The Charter of the Jews of the Duchy of Austria</a> July 1, 1244. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/jewish/1392-jews-frankfort.html">An Oath Taken by Jews Frankfort on the Main</a>, about 1392 </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text">England<ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1170excheq-usury.html">From the Dialogue of the Exchequer: On Usury</a>, c.1170</li> <li class="H_body_text">Richard I of England: <a href="source/1190richard1-charterjews.html">Charter by Which Many Liberties are Granted and Confirmed to the Jews</a>, 22 March, 1190</li> <li class="H_body_text">English Jewry is Organised: <a href="source/1194ordjews.html">The Ordinances of the Jews</a>, 1194 </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1299jewsarchpriest.html">Appointment of an Archpriest of the Jews in England</a>, July 1199 </li> <li class="H_body_text">King John of England and the Jews: <a href="source/kingjohn-jews.html">Charters</a>, c.1201</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <a name="Jewish Intellectual and Religious Life">Jewish Intellectual and Religious Life</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">WEB<a href="http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudPage.html"> Post Biblical Judaism</a> [Online Course-U Alberta] [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226214121/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/361_Transp/361list.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB<a href="http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudPage.html"> </a><a href="http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/"></a><a href="https://www.sefaria.org/texts">Sefaria</a> Sefaria is home to 3,000 years of Jewish texts.A non-profit organization offering free access to texts, translations, and commentaries .</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="http://jewishchristianlit.com//Topics/JewishJesus/">Jewish Views of Jesus</a> a page with more texts. [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318201250/http://jewishchristianlit.com//Topics/JewishJesus/">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~humm/Topics/JewishJesus/toledoth.html">Toledoth Yeshu</a>, A sixth-century Jewish (negative) account of Jesus. [At UPenn].[Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120415095211/http://jewishchristianlit.com//Topics/JewishJesus/toledoth.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/bata/index.htm">The Babylonian Talmud in Selection</a>, by Leo Auerbach [At Sacred Texts] [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302210443/https://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/bata/index.htm">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/mhl/index.htm">Medieval Hebrew featuring THE MIDRASH</a> [At Sacred Texts] [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302202557/https://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/mhl/index.htm">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudPage.html">Page from the Babylonian Talmud</a> [At Calgary] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119061017/https://people.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/TalmudPage.html">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Bava Metzia 59b:1, "<a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Bava_Metzia.59b.1?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">The Oven of Akhnai</a>" An significant text from the Talmud which makes in clear that <a href="#">God has given the Torah</a>, which is no longer in Heaven, and so it is the responsibility of the rabbis to interpret it</li> <li class="H_body_text">Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaite_Judaism">Karaite Judaism</a></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="http://public-library.uk/ebooks/86/3.pdf">Sepher Yetzirah</a> [or Sefer Yatzira], translated from the Hebrew by Wm. Wynn Westcott, PDF [At Public Library UK] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220719233955/http://public-library.uk/ebooks/86/3.pdf">here</a>] The Sepher Yetzirah is one of the most famous of the ancient Qabalistic texts. It was first put into writing around 200 C.E. Westcott's Translation was first published in 1887.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Judah Ha-Levi (ca 1075-1141): <a href="source/kuzari.html">The Kuzari</a>, also known as The Book of Argument and Proof in Defense of the Despised Faith (Kitab al Khazari). Or <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Kitab_al_Khazari">here</a> [Wikisource] The entire first book of the Kuzari, a philosophical treatise written by the Spanish Jewish philosopher and poet, Judah Ha-Levi. It is written in the form of a dialogue, purportedly between the king of the Khazars and the representatives of various belief systems, culminating with a rabbi.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Maimonides: <a href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/gfp/index.htm">The Guide for the Perplexed</a> trans M. Friedl盲nder (1903) [At Sacred Texts] [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302210410/https://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/gfp/index.htm">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Maimonides (Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, or Rambam): <a href="source/rambam13.html">The Thirteen Principles of Judaism</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Maimonides: <a href="source/rambam613.html">The 613 Mitzvot</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Maimonides: <a href="source/rambam-yesodei-hatorah.txt">The Laws and Basic Principles of the Torah</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Maimonides: <a href="source/rambam-messiah.txt">The Laws Concerning Mashiach</a>, Chapters 11 & 12 of Hilchos Melachim from the Mishneh Torah of the Rambam.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Maimonides: <a href="source/rambam-oath.html">Oath of Maimonides</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://torah.org/series/shulchan-aruch/">The Hypertext Halacha</a>.[At Project Genesis/torah.org] A translation of the Shulchan Aruch and Mishna Berurah. An excellent source for the details of Jewish religious law.</li> </ul> <a name="Anti-Semitism">Anti-Semitism</a> <ul> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/christian-jewish-relations">Christian-Jewish Relations</a> [Jewish Virtual Library] [Internet Archive backup <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220420024052/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/christian-jewish-relations">here</a>]</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/race-medieval1.asp">Race in the Middle Ages: Texts for Discussion</a> A selection of primary sources from the 8th to the 15th century of relevance to discussions of race in the middle ages. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/300-800-laws-jews.html">Legislation Affecting the Jews</a>, 300 to 800 CE Index to Roman, Western and canonical laws</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/jewish-oaths.html">Professions of Faith Extracted from Jews on Baptism</a>, Visgothic and Byzantine</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/synagogue-church-prayer.html">Prayers for Making a Synagogue into a Church</a>, in Latin. From the Liber Sacramentorum Romanae Ecclesiae</li> <li class="H_body_text">Socrates Scholasticus: <a href="source/socschol-bloodlibel.asp">The Blood Libel in Syria</a>, (late 4th century).</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="basis/triodion/hwk_fri.txt">Byzantine Liturgy for Good Friday</a>. This is a current English translation. It shows how the very negative Christian message that Jews were "Christ-killers" was conveyed to the people - through the liturgy of the churches. Latin Catholic Good Friday services were just as anti-Semitic, although it has now been reformed. This aspect of Christian liturgy made Holy Week an extremely dangerous time for Jews thoughout Christian-majority lands.</li> <li class="H_body_text">John Chrysostom (c.347-407): <a href="source/chrysostom-jews6.html">Homilies Against the Jews</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Justinian I: <a href="source/novel146.html">Novella 146: On Jews</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Antiochus Strategos: <a href="source/strategos1.html">The Sack of Jerusalem</a>, 614. An example of Byzantine Antisemitism, and a version of the Blood libel.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Agobard of Lyon: <a href="source/agobard-insolence.html">On the Insolence of the Jews To Louis the Pious</a>, trans. William L. North, 826/827</li> <li class="H_body_text">Agobard of Lyon: <a href="source/agobard-baptism.html">On the Baptism of Slaves Belonging to Jews (to Adalard, Wala, and Helisachar)</a>, trans. William L. North</li> <li class="H_body_text">Agobard of Lyons (9th Century): <a href="https://carleton-wp-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/sites/83/2019/06/Agobard_On_Being_Wary_of_Eating_and_Associating_with_Jews_for_MARS_website.pdf">On Being Wary of Eating and Associating with Jews</a>聽 Ca. 826/827 聽trans William North. PDF [At Carleton] [Internet Archive version聽<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210185545/https://carleton-wp-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/sites/83/2019/06/Agobard_On_Being_Wary_of_Eating_and_Associating_with_Jews_for_MARS_website.pdf">here</a>] Abp. Agobard to Nibridius, Bp. of Narbonne, warning of the dangers of associating with Jews in an attempt to enlist the support of the regional episcopacy in his cause. </li> <li class="H_body_text">Ralph Glaber (d.c.1044): <a href="source/glaber-1000.html">The Year 1000 AD</a> from the Miracles de Saint-Benoit, discusses early 11th century anti-semitism.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Soloman bar Samson: <a href="source/1096jews-mainz.html">The Crusaders in Mainz</a>, 1096, written in mid 12th century.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Shlomo Eidelberg: <a href="https://archive.org/details/the-jews-and-the-crusaders-by-shlomo-eidelberg/page/n7/mode/2up">The Jews And The Crusaders: The Hebrew Chronicles of the First and Second Crusades</a> (1977) full text [At Internet Archive] or <a href="basis/Shlomo Eidelberg -The Jews and the Crusaders 1977.pdf">local copy</a> [Text marked at IA as public domain] -Translated full texts of: The Chronicle of Solomon bar Simson; The Chronicle of Rabbi Eliezer bar Nathan; The Narrative of the Old Persecutions, or Mainz Anonymous; Sefer Zekhirah, of The Book of Remembrance of Rabbi Ephraim of Bonn. See Wikipedia: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhineland_massacres#Primary_sources">Rhineland Massacres</a></li> <li class="H_body_text">Gerald of Wales: <a href="source/1188geraldwales-barnacle.html">Barnacle Geese Should Convince the Jew of the Immaculate Conception</a>, 1188</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/1173stedmunds-jews.html">The Abbey of St. Edmunds and the Jews</a>, 1173-1182</li> <li class="H_body_text">Peter of Blois: <a href="source/1198peterblois-jews.html">Against the Perfidy of the Jews</a> , before 1198</li> <li class="H_body_text">Thomas of Monmouth: <a href="source/1173williamnorwich.html">The Life and Miracles of St. William of Norwich</a>, 1144, excerpts. One of the major accusations against Jews of the charge that they killed Christian children. This blood-libel was the center of a number of saint's cults. See the Catholic Encylopedia [1913] article <a href="http://www.knight.org/advent/cathen/15635a.htm">William of Norwich</a> for much background information. [Note that this article, while rejecting the Ritual Murder and Blood Libels, does end by suggesting that some of the cases were based on real incidents.]</li> <li class="H_body_text">WEB <a href="source/rinn.html">Image and Story of Anderl von Rinn: A Blood Libel Saint</a>, supposedly 1462, in fact 17th century. An image from Rinn showing the ritual murder of Anderl von Rinn. This file also contains many links to other "blood libel" information.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Ephraim ben Jacob: <a href="source/1171blois.html">The Ritual Murder Accusation at Blois</a>, May, 1171.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Roger of Hoveden: <a href="source/hoveden1189b.html">Persecution of Jews Following Coronation of Richard I</a>, 1189.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Ephraim of Bonn: <a href="source/ephr-bonn1.html">On the York Massacre of 1189-90</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text"> Innocent III: <a href="source/inn3-jews.html">Letter on the Jews: toleration</a>, 1199.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Innocent III: <a href="source/in3-constjews.html">Constitution for the Jews - toleration</a>, 1199.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="source/lat4-c68.html">The Fourth Lateran Council: Canon - on Jews</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory IX: Letter on the Jews - against Talmud [r.1227-1241], copyrighted</li> <li class="H_body_text">Gregory X (r.1271-1276): <a href="source/g10-jews.html">Letter on the Jews</a>.</li> <li class="H_body_text">Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274): <a href="source/Aquinas-tomargaretofflanders-onchristiantpolicytojewsmedsbook-model.asp">Letter to Margaret of Constantinople, Countess of Flanders on Christian Treatment of Jews</a> (1270-1272)</li> <li class="H_body_text">Martin V: <a href="source/mart5-jews.html">From Declaration on Protection for the Jews</a>, 1419.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/canilup/toledo1449">Sentencia-Estatuto de Toledo</a>, 1449, trans Kenneth Baxter Wolf [At Canilup] [Internet Archive version <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723154731/https://sites.google.com/site/canilup/toledo1449">here</a>] This text, from Toledo in 1449, is the earliest known reference to Jewish blood , as opposed to Jewish beliefs and rituals (judaizing), being held against Christian conversos in Spain. It marks the formalisation of the theoru of purity of blood, or limpieza de sangre.</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210829193941/https://sites.pitt.edu/~dash/antisemitic.html">Anti-Semitic Legends</a>, Translated and/or edited by D. L. Ashliman, [Was At Pitt, now Internet Archive]</li> <li class="H_body_text">Martin Luther (1483-1546): Luther Before 1517: <a href="/halsall/mod/1514luther.asp">Letters to Spalatin</a> These letters are interesting in showing Luther's atitude towards Rome and towards theology. They also reveal that Luther's hatred of Jews, best seen in his 1543 letter, was not some affectation of old age, but was present very early on. </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050103042654/http://jdstone.org/cr/pages/sss_mluther.html">"On The Jews and Their Lies"</a>, a treatise by Martin Luther (translated by Martin H. Bertram, Luther's Works, Vol. 47: The Christian In Society IV, ed. by Franklin Sherman (c) 1971 Fortress Press, pages 121-306) </li> </ul> <hr /> NOTES: copyrighted means the text is not available for free distribution. Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or location]. No indication means that the text file is local. WEB  indicates a link to one of small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable overview. <hr/> The Internet Medieval Sourcebook is part of the <a href="index.asp">Internet History Sourcebooks Project</a>. The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the <a href="https://www.fordham.edu/history/">History Department</a> of  <a href="http://www.fordham.edu">Fordham University</a>, New York. The Internet Medieval Sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at the <a href="https://www.fordham.edu/mvst">Fordham University Center for Medieval Studies</a>.The IHSP recognizes the contribution of Fordham University, the Fordham University History Department, and the Fordham Center for Medieval Studies in providing web space and server support for the project. The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University.   Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not the institutional owner, and is not liable as the result of any legal action. © Site Concept and Design: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#a1c8c9d2d1e1c7ced3c5c9c0cc8fc4c5d49ed2d4c3cbc4c2d59cf2ced4d3c2c4c3cececad281f1d3cecbc4c2d5">Paul Halsall</a> created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 15 November 2024 [<a href="../cv.asp">CV</a>] </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script></body> </html>