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<div class="user-welcome"></div> <div class="login-form-wrapper-mobile"> <div class="login-form"> <div class="btn btn-sm btn-primary keep-label-space-top"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-user"></i> Mon Compte </div> </div> </div> <div id="ad_topslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div class="d-lg-none text-center mb-3"> <a href="/abonnement" title="Je m'abonne" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Top (mobile)"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/6/csm_banner-cta_4de68c3a6b.webp" width="728" height="90" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" class="img-max shadow-sm"/> </a> </div> <nav aria-label="breadcrumb 11"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/classification/"> Classification </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Sciences de la vie" href="/classification/sciences-de-la-vie/"> Sciences de la vie </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Zoologie" href="/classification/sciences-de-la-vie/zoologie/"> Zoologie </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page"> Monde animal </li> </ol> </nav> <div class="row"> <div id="main-content" class="col-lg-8 col-xl-9 pb-4"> <h1 class="mb-3"> Monde animal </h1> <section class="mt-3"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified d-print-none d-block mb-3 d-md-flex"> <li class="nav-item mx-1 my-1"> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#classification-sous-themes">2 sous-thèmes </a> </li> <li class="nav-item mx-1 my-1"> <a class="nav-link bg-light" href="#classification-articles">3 articles </a> </li> <li class="nav-item mx-1 my-1"> <a class="nav-link bg-light" href="#classification-medias">10 médias </a> </li> </ul> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-sous-themes" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor">Sous-thèmes</h2> <div class="list-group"> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Cordés" href="/classification/sciences-de-la-vie/zoologie/monde-animal/cordes/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Cordés </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 11 sous-thèmes </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 416 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 460 médias </span> </a> <a class="list-group-item d-block d-md-flex" title="Classification : Invertébrés" href="/classification/sciences-de-la-vie/zoologie/monde-animal/invertebres/"> <h3 class="flex-grow-1"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> Invertébrés </h3> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 27 sous-thèmes </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 124 articles </span> <span class="badge bg-light text-dark rounded-pill mx-1 fw-normal text-sm"> 369 médias </span> </a> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-articles" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Articles </h2> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/faune-sauvage/"> <span class="rg">FAUNE SAUVAGE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Romain JULLIARD</span> , <span rel="author">Pierre PFEFFER</span> , <span rel="author">Jean-Marc PONS</span> , <span rel="author">Dominique RICHARD</span> et <span rel="author">Alain ZECCHINI</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">14 185 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">7 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : FAUNE SAUVAGE" href="/encyclopedie/faune-sauvage/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Ours blanc - crédits : Outdoorsman/ Shutterstock" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/f/csm_pa081540_ad3b112a4c.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Essentiellement connue dans les pays développés par les médias, la télévision notamment, ou par sa présentation dans les musées et les parcs zoologiques, la faune sauvage a encore, dans certaines régions du globe, de plus en plus restreintes il est vrai, une signification qui est loin d'être négligeable...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/phylogenie-animale/"> <span class="rg">PHYLOGÉNIE ANIMALE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Michaël MANUEL</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">11 693 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>L' évolution animale a été l'objet, depuis le <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, d'une somme considérable de travaux et de discussions, et demeure aujourd'hui un champ d'investigation très fertile. En effet, pour les biologistes, comprendre l'évolution animale est capital afin de disposer d'une classification...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/animal/"> <span class="rg">ANIMAL</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Valérie CHANSIGAUD</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 684 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Contrairement à ce que l'on pourrait penser, le mot animal est difficile à définir. Le principe des critères communs aux animaux, la place de l'homme par rapport à l'animal et la délimitation de l'ensemble des espèces dites animales ont constitué de sérieux problèmes, tant scientifiques que philosophiques....</p> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="row"> <div class="col mt-3"> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="classification-medias" class="anchor"></i> <h2 class="minor"> Médias </h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="DE073543" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Conception traditionnelle de l'évolution animale" href="/media/conception-traditionnelle-de-levolution-animale-de073543/"> <img id="DE073543" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/6/csm_de073543_a1a40326ff.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Conception traditionnelle de l'évolution animale - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="L'arbre, qui ne comporte ici que les embranchements habituellement considérés comme majeurs, est fondé sur l'idée d'une complexité croissante des animaux, allant du plus « primitif » au plus « évolué » au fur et à mesure qu'on s'éloigne de la base de l'arbre." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1481" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Conception traditionnelle de l'évolution animale </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="DE073540" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Faune de Burgess" href="/media/faune-de-burgess-de073540/"> <img id="DE073540" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/6/9/csm_de073540_efbf0dc553.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Faune de Burgess - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Quelques représentants de la faune de Burgess." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2102" height="1492" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Faune de Burgess </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="DE073556" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Faune d'Ediacara" href="/media/faune-dediacara-de073556/"> <img id="DE073556" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/7/csm_de073556_1fbcf4bc7f.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Faune d'Ediacara - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Reconstitution de la faune précambrienne des eaux littorales d'Ediacara." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2104" height="1373" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Faune d'Ediacara </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="TA040135" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Monde animal: classification sommaire" href="/media/monde-animal-classification-sommaire-ta040135/"> <img id="TA040135" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/2/csm_ta040135_792b9ee573.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Monde animal: classification sommaire - 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À titre de comparaison, les chiffres de quelques groupes sont aussi donnés pour l'Europe et la France (sources : Hammond, in Heywood, 1995, et Agence européenne de l'environnement)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1285" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Monde animal : les espèces connues </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="TA073539" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Phylogénie animale : caractères embryologiques et classification" href="/media/phylogenie-animale-caracteres-embryologiques-et-classification-ta073539/"> <img id="TA073539" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/d/4/csm_ta073539_7b53eb94e3.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Phylogénie animale : caractères embryologiques et classification - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Les caractères embryologiques classiques, confrontés à la nouvelle phylogénie des Bilateria. Les états de caractères écrits en bleu sont ceux qui sont classiquement attribués aux deutérostomiens; les états en rouge caractérisaient les protostomiens dans la classification traditionnelle." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="585" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Phylogénie animale : caractères embryologiques et classification </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="DE073538" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Phylogénie animale : classification des <it>Bilateria</it>" href="/media/phylogenie-animale-classification-des-bilateria-de073538/"> <img id="DE073538" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/e/csm_de073538_c5f0b6dc5c.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Phylogénie animale : classification des <it>Bilateria</it> - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Arbre des Bilateria, principalement issu des phylogénies moléculaires. 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