CINXE.COM

SBS Research Faculty | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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genetics, and neuroscience. Current faculty members lead cutting-edge laboratories in a broad range of topics. Their discoveries are consistently recognized for their impact at a very high level.</p> </div></div><div class="row row-special-gray"><div class="col-lg-10 col-lg-offset-1 col-md-12"><div class="row"><!--fwp-loop--> <div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/dinu-florin-albeanu/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>neuronal circuits, sensory coding and synaptic plasticity, neuronal correlates of behavior, olfactory processing</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Dinu Florin Albeanu</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Florin-Albeanu_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Florin Albeanu" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/katherine-alexander/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Assistant Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>gene regulation, nuclear speckles, chromatin organization, transcription factors</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Katherine Alexander</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Katherine-Alexander_square-780x780.jpg" alt="image of Katherine Alexander" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/corina-amor-vegas/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Assistant Professor<br/> Cancer Center Program Co-Leader</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>senescence, aging, cancer, immunology, cellular communication, mouse models, Cancer Center</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Corina Amor Vegas</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Corina_Amor_Vegas_square-780x780.jpg" alt="image of Corina Amor Vegas" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/arkarup-banerjee/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Assistant Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>vocal communication, singing mice, systems neuroscience, neural circuits, neuroethology</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Arkarup Banerjee</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Arkarup-Banerjee_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Arkarup Banerjee" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/semir-beyaz/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Assistant Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>immunology, cancer, nutrition, metabolism, epigenetics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Semir Beyaz</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Semir-Beyaz_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Semir Beyaz" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/jeremy-c-borniger/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Assistant Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>sleep, neuromodulators, cancer neuroscience, homeostasis, host-tumor physiology</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Jeremy C. Borniger</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Jeremy-Borniger_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Jeremy Borniger" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/lucas-cheadle/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Associate Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>synapse, refinement, pruning, sensory experience, microglia, development, autism, 2-photon imaging, single-cell RNA-sequencing, cytokine</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Lucas Cheadle</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Lucas-Cheadle_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Lucas Cheadle" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/benjamin-cowley/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Assistant Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>computational neuroscience, closed-loop experiments, interpretable models, deep neural network models, machine learning</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Benjamin Cowley</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Ben-Cowley_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Ben Cowley" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/camila-dos-santos/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Associate Professor<br/>Cancer Center Associate Director of DEI</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>breast cancer, mammary gland development, stem cells, enhancer biology, gene regulation</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Camila dos Santos</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Camila-dos-Santos_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Camila dos Santos" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/douglas-fearon/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>cancer immunology, pancreatic cancer, mouse models</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Douglas Fearon</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Douglas-Fearon_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Douglas Fearon" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/hiro-furukawa/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>membrane proteins, x-ray crystallography, electrophysiology, neurodegenerative disease</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Hiro Furukawa</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Hiro-Furukawa_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Hiro Furukawa" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/thomas-gingeras/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>genome-wide organization of transcription and the functional roles of non-protein coding RNAs</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Thomas Gingeras</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Thomas-Gingeras_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Thomas Gingeras" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/christopher-hammell/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>post-transcriptional gene regulation, control of animal developmental timing, RNA biology</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Christopher Hammell</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Chris-Hammell_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Chris Hammell" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/helen-hou/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Assistant Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>neural circuits, natural behaviors, brain-body interaction, electrophysiology, movement control, neural computation</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Helen Hou</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Helen-Hou_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Helen Hou" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/ivan-iossifov/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>computational biology, molecular networks, human genetics, human disease, applied statistical and machine learning, biomedical text-mining, molecular evolution</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Ivan Iossifov</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ivan-Iossifov_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Ivan Iossifov" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/david-jackson/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>plant development, stem cell signaling, genomics and imaging</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">David Jackson</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/David-Jackson_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of David Jackson" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/tobias-janowitz/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Associate Professor<br/>Cancer Center Program Co-Leader</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>host response to cancer, metabolism, immunology, cancer immunotherapy, cachexia, physiology of patients with cancer</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Tobias Janowitz</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Tobias-Janowitz_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Tobias Janowitz" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/mitra-javadzadeh/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">CSHL Fellow</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>visual cortex, dynamics, population activity, inter-areal communication, systems neuroscience, computational neuroscience, electrophysiology</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Mitra Javadzadeh</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mitra_Javadzadeh_square-780x780.jpg" alt="image of CSHL Fellow Mitra Javadzadeh" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/leemor-joshua-tor/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor, Director of Research & HHMI Investigator<br/>W.M. Keck Professor of Structural Biology<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>structural biology, nucleic acid regulation, RNAi, molecular recognition, X-ray crystallography</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Leemor Joshua-Tor</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Leemor-Joshua-Tor_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Leemor Joshua-Tor" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/justin-kinney/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Associate Professor<br/>Cancer Center Program Co-Leader</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>sequence-function relationships, machine learning, biophysics, transcriptional regulation</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Justin Kinney</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Justin-Kinney_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Justin Kinney" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/david-klindt/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Assistant Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>artificial intelligence, computational neuroscience, sensory information processing, robust perception, representation learning</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">David Klindt</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/David_Klindt-square-780x780.jpg" alt="image of CSHL Assistant Professor David Klindt" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/peter-koo/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Associate Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>sequence-function relationships, deep learning, representation learning</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Peter Koo</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Peter-Koo_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Peter Koo" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/alexei-koulakov/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Charles Robertson Professor of Neuroscience</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>theoretical neurobiology, quantitative principles of cortical design, computer science, applied mathematics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Alexei Koulakov</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Alexei_Koulakov_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Alexei Koulakov" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/adrian-r-krainer/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>St. Giles Foundation Professor<br/>Cancer Center Program Co-Leader</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>posttranscriptional control of gene expression, alternative splicing, splicing in genetic diseases and cancer, splicing-targeted antisense therapeutics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Adrian R. Krainer</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Adrian-Krainer_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Adrian Krainer" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/dan-levy/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Associate Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>computational biology, human genetics, phylogenetics, copy number variation</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Dan Levy</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Dan-Levy_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Dan Levy" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/zachary-lippman/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor & HHMI Investigator<br/>Jacob Goldfield Professor of Genetics<br/>Director of Graduate Studies</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>plant developmental genetics, mechanisms of phase transitions for flowering time and inflorescence branching, heterosis</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Zachary Lippman</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Zachary-Lippman_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Zachary Lippman" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/michael-lukey/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Associate Professor<br/>Cancer Center Assistant Director of Shared Resources</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>cancer, metastasis, metabolism, nutrition, cellular signal transduction, redox, homeostasis, epigenetics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Michael Lukey</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Michael-Lukey_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Michael Lukey" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/rob-martienssen/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor & HHMI Investigator<br/>William J. Matheson Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>plant genetics, transposons, development, gene regulation, DNA methylation</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Rob Martienssen</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Rob-Martienssen_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Rob Martienssen" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/david-mccandlish/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Associate Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>computational biology, sequence-function relationships, population genetics, protein evolution, machine learning</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">David McCandlish</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/David-McCandlish_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of David McCandlish" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/w-richard-mccombie/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Davis Family Professor of Human Genetics<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>genomics of psychiatric disorders, genomics of cancer, computational genomics, plant genomics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">W. Richard McCombie</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/W-Richard-McCombie_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of W. Richard McCombie" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/hannah-meyer/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Assistant Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>spatial transcriptomics, immunology, central tolerance, bioinformatics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Hannah Meyer</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Hannah-Meyer_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Hannah Meyer" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/alea-a-mills/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>cancer, development, aging, senescence, epigenetics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Alea A. Mills</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Alea-Mills_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Alea Mills" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/partha-mitra/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>neuroscience, theoretical biology</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Partha Mitra</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Partha-Mitra_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Partha Mitra" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/john-moses/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>click chemistry, cancer, chemical biology, organic synthesis, natural products, biomimetic synthesis</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">John Moses</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/John-Moses_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of John Moses" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/saket-navlakha/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Associate Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>algorithms in nature, biological computation, neural circuits, plant architectures</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Saket Navlakha</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Saket-Navlakha_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Saket Navlakha" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/ullas-pedmale/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Associate Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>plant growth, signaling, genomics, development, plant-environment interactions</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Ullas Pedmale</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Ullas-Pedmale_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Ullas Pedmale" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/gabrielle-pouchelon/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Assistant Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>neural circuits, development, gene regulation, synaptic refinement, plasticity, neurodevelopmental disorders</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Gabrielle Pouchelon</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Gabrielle-Pouchelon_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Gabrielle Pouchelon" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/andrea-schorn/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Assistant Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>transposons and endogenous retroviruses, small regulatory RNA, tRNA-fragments, epigenetics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Andrea Schorn</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Andrea-Schorn_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Andrea Schorn" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/stephen-shea/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>olfaction, audition, communication behaviors, in vivo electrophysiology, individual recognition</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Stephen Shea</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Stephen-Shea_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Stephen Shea" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/adam-siepel/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Chair, Simons Center for Quantitative Biology<br/>Cancer Center Program Co-Leader</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>computational biology, population genetics, computational genomics, molecular evolution, gene regulation</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Adam Siepel</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Adam-Siepel_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Adam Siepel" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/david-l-spector/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Robert B. Gardner Jr., Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>cell biology, gene expression, nuclear structure, non-coding RNAs</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">David L. Spector</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/David-Spector_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of David Spector" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/bruce-stillman/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">President and Chief Executive Officer<br/>Oliver R. Grace Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>cancer, cell cycle, DNA replication, chromatin assembly, biochemistry, yeast genetics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Bruce Stillman</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Bruce-Stillman_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Bruce Stillman" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/jessica-tollkuhn/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Associate Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>transcriptional regulation, chromatin, critical periods in neurodevelopment, steroid hormones and behavior</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Jessica Tollkuhn</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Jessica-Tollkuhn_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Jessica Tollkuhn" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/nicholas-tonks/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Caryl Boies Professor of Cancer Research<br/>Cancer Center Associate Director of Shared Resources</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>posttranslational modification, phosphorylation, phosphatases, signal transduction, protein structure and function</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Nicholas Tonks</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Nick_Tonks_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Nicholas Tonks" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/lloyd-trotman/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Cancer Center Deputy Director of Education</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>cancer modeling and treatment, senescence and tumor progression, cancer visualization, PTEN regulation</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Lloyd Trotman</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Lloyd-Trotman_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Lloyd Trotman" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/david-tuveson/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Roy J. Zuckerberg Professor of Cancer Research<br/>Cancer Center Director</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>pancreatic cancer, experimental therapeutics, diagnostics, mouse models, cancer genetics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">David Tuveson</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/David-Tuveson_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of David Tuveson" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/chris-vakoc/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Alan and Edith Seligson Professor of Cancer Research<br/>Cancer Center Deputy Director of Research</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>chromatin, transcriptional regulation, acute myeloid leukemia, BET bromodomains, lysine methyltransferases</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Chris Vakoc</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Chris-Vakoc_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Chris Vakoc" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/linda-van-aelst/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Harold and Florence & Ethel McNeill Professor of Cancer Research<br/>Cancer Center Program Co-Leader</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>signal transduction, Ras and Rho proteins, tumorigenesis, neuronal development and disorders</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Linda Van Aelst</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Linda-Van-Aelst_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Linda Van Aelst" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/doreen-ware/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Adjunct Professor</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>genomics, genome evolution, genetic diversity, gene regulation, plant biology, computational biology</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Doreen Ware</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Doreen-Ware_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Doreen Ware" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/peter-westcott/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Assistant Professor<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>cancer genomics, immunology, tumor evolution, advanced mouse models, single cell and spatial omics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Peter Westcott</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Peter-Westcott_updated_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Peter Westcott" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/michael-wigler/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>Russell and Janet Doubleday Professor of Cancer Research<br/>Cancer Center Member</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>human genetic disorders, population genetics, cancer genomics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Michael Wigler</p><p class="cancer-member">Cancer Center Member</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Michael-Wigler_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Michael Wigler" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/anthony-zador/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details" onload="javascript:document.getElementById('faculty-details').style.opacity='0';"><p class="faculty-title">Professor<br/>The Alle Davis and Maxine Harrison Professor of Neurosciences</p><p class="faculty-keywords"><em>neural circuits, sensory processing, attention and decision making, attention, molecular tool development, connectomics</em></p></div><!--/.faculty-details--><div class="nameOverlay"><p class="facultyname">Anthony Zador</p></div><!--/.name-overlay--><img class="img-responsive" src="https://www.cshl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Anthony-Zador_square-780x780.jpg" alt="photo of Anthony Zador" /></div><!--/.content-tile--></a></div><!--/.col--><div class="col-sm-4 col-md-3 bottom-margin-25"><a href="https://www.cshl.edu/research/faculty-staff/lingbo-zhang/"><div class="content-tile"><div class="faculty-details cancer" 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