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<li id="toc-Age_of_partitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_of_partitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Age of partitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_of_partitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chełm_in_Jewish_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chełm_in_Jewish_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Chełm in Jewish literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chełm_in_Jewish_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Number_of_inhabitants_by_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_inhabitants_by_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Number of inhabitants by year</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_inhabitants_by_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sights_and_landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sights_and_landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sights and landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sights_and_landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Twin towns – Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chełm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85" title="تشيلم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشيلم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85" title="خه‌اوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خه‌اوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Хэлм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хэлм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Холм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Холм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Хелм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хелм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m_(lungsod)" title="Chełm (lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Chełm (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC" title="Χέουμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χέουμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85" title="خه‌اوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خه‌اوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EC%9B%80" title="헤움 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헤움" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Хелм – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хелм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9D" title="חלם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חלם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helma" title="Helma – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Helma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelmas" title="Chelmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chelmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85" title="تشيلم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشيلم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ヘウム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Хелм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хелм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Хелм (град) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хелм (град)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Хелм – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хелм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC" title="Холм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Холм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Chełm" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%9D" title="כעלם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כעלם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Che%C5%82m&params=51_07_56_N_23_28_40_E_region:PL-06_type:city(60,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°07′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">23°28′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.13222°N 23.47778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.13222; 23.47778</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Lublin Voivodeship. For other places with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Chelm_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Chelm (disambiguation)">Chelm (disambiguation)</a>. For the legendary city of fools, see <a href="/wiki/Wise_Men_of_Chelm" title="Wise Men of Chelm">Wise Men of Chelm</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Chełm</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#ffffff;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:270px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#ffffff;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Che%C5%82mska_g%C3%B3rka1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary, Chełm"><img alt="Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary, Chełm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Che%C5%82mska_g%C3%B3rka1.jpg/134px-Che%C5%82mska_g%C3%B3rka1.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Che%C5%82mska_g%C3%B3rka1.jpg/201px-Che%C5%82mska_g%C3%B3rka1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Che%C5%82mska_g%C3%B3rka1.jpg/268px-Che%C5%82mska_g%C3%B3rka1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_(31).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chełm Chalk Tunnels"><img alt="Chełm Chalk Tunnels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_%2831%29.JPG/134px-Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_%2831%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_%2831%29.JPG/201px-Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_%2831%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_%2831%29.JPG/268px-Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_%2831%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#ffffff;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rynek_miejski_w_che%C5%82mie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Łuczkowski Square"><img alt="Łuczkowski Square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Rynek_miejski_w_che%C5%82mie.jpg/270px-Rynek_miejski_w_che%C5%82mie.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Rynek_miejski_w_che%C5%82mie.jpg/405px-Rynek_miejski_w_che%C5%82mie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Rynek_miejski_w_che%C5%82mie.jpg/540px-Rynek_miejski_w_che%C5%82mie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><small>Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Birth_of_the_Virgin_Mary,_Che%C5%82m" title="Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary, Chełm">Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m_Chalk_Tunnels" title="Chełm Chalk Tunnels">Chełm Chalk Tunnels</a>, Łuczkowski Square</small></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Che%C5%82m_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Chełm"><img alt="Flag of Chełm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/POL_Che%C5%82m_flag.svg/100px-POL_Che%C5%82m_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/POL_Che%C5%82m_flag.svg/150px-POL_Che%C5%82m_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/POL_Che%C5%82m_flag.svg/200px-POL_Che%C5%82m_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="491" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Che%C5%82m" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Chełm">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Che%C5%82m_COA_1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Chełm"><img alt="Coat of arms of Chełm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/POL_Che%C5%82m_COA_1.svg/58px-POL_Che%C5%82m_COA_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="58" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/POL_Che%C5%82m_COA_1.svg/87px-POL_Che%C5%82m_COA_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/POL_Che%C5%82m_COA_1.svg/116px-POL_Che%C5%82m_COA_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="766" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="11" data-lat="51.132222" data-lon="23.477778" data-overlays="["_e9d812ef0e66cc5ba9ad9d65551c625c8c64ead8"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/11/51.132222/23.477778/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,51.132222,23.477778,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Che%C5%82m&revid=1252408827&groups=_e9d812ef0e66cc5ba9ad9d65551c625c8c64ead8" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,51.132222,23.477778,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Che%C5%82m&revid=1252408827&groups=_e9d812ef0e66cc5ba9ad9d65551c625c8c64ead8 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poland_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chełm is located in Poland"><img alt="Chełm is located in Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="837" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.581%;left:90.447%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Chełm"><img alt="Chełm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Chełm</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Che%C5%82m&params=51_07_56_N_23_28_40_E_region:PL-06_type:city(60,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°07′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">23°28′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.13222°N 23.47778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.13222; 23.47778</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Voivodeships_of_Poland" title="Voivodeships of Poland">Voivodeship</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_flag.svg/23px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_flag.svg/35px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_flag.svg/46px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Lublin Voivodeship">Lublin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_of_Poland" title="List of counties of Poland">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data">City County</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">10th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City rights</th><td class="infobox-data">1235</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jakub_Banaszek" title="Jakub Banaszek">Jakub Banaszek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Renewal_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Renewal of the Republic of Poland">OdNowa RP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">35.28 km<sup>2</sup> (13.62 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">153 m (502 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">80 m (260 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(31 December 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-population_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">60,231</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,707/km<sup>2</sup> (4,420/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">22-100 to 22-118</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+48 082</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Polish_car_number_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish car number plates">Car plates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">LC</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chelm.pl">www.chelm.pl</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chełm</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Polish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[xɛwm]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f8\/Pl-Che%C5%82m.ogg\/Pl-Che%C5%82m.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-Che\u0142m.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f8/Pl-Che%C5%82m.ogg/Pl-Che%C5%82m.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-Che%C5%82m.ogg" title="File:Pl-Chełm.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Холм</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn">Kholm</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Cholm</i>; <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">כעלם</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Yiddish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">Khelm</i></span>) is a city in southeastern Poland with 60,231 inhabitants as of December 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-population_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located to the south-east of <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>, north of <a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Zamość">Zamość</a> and south of <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_Podlaska" title="Biała Podlaska">Biała Podlaska</a>, some 25 kilometres (16 miles) from the border with <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. Chełm used to be the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m_Voivodeship" title="Chełm Voivodeship">Chełm Voivodeship</a> until it became part of the <a href="/wiki/Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Lublin Voivodeship">Lublin Voivodeship</a> in 1999. </p><p>The city is of mostly industrial character, though it also features numerous notable historical monuments and tourist attractions in the Old Town. Chełm is a multiple (former) <a href="/wiki/Bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric">bishopric</a>. Its name comes from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Slavic">Proto-Slavic</a> word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/x%D1%8Alm%D1%8A" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xъlmъ">xъlmъ</a></i>, a hill, in reference to the Wysoka Górka <a href="/wiki/Gord_(archaeology)" title="Gord (archaeology)">fortified settlement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the third quarter of the 13th century, it was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia</a>. Chełm was once a multicultural and religious centre populated by <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>. The population was homogenized after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first traces of settlement in the area of modern Chełm date back to at the least 9th century. The following century, a <a href="/wiki/Gord_(Slavic_settlement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gord (Slavic settlement)">fortified town</a> (<span style="padding-right:0.15em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Gord_(archaeology)" title="Gord (archaeology)">gord</a></i></span>) was created and initially served as a centre of pagan worship. The etymology of the name is unclear, though most scholars derive it from the Proto-Slavic noun denoting a flat hill. The town's centre is located on a hill called <i>góra chełmska</i>. However, it is also theorized that the name is derived from some Celtic root. In 981 the town, then inhabited by the Slavic tribe of <a href="/wiki/Buzhans" title="Buzhans">Buzhans</a>, was annexed from Poland by the <a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a>, along with the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Cherven_Towns" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherven Towns">Cherven Towns</a>. According to a local legend, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_the_Great" title="Vladimir the Great">Vladimir the Great</a> built the first stone castle there in 1001. Following the <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I%27s_intervention_in_the_Kievan_succession_crisis" title="Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis">Polish capture of Kiev</a> in 1018, the region returned to Poland before it fell back to Kievan rule in 1031. </p><p>In 1235, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_of_Galicia" title="Daniel of Galicia">Daniel of Galicia</a> granted the town a <a href="/wiki/City_charter" class="mw-redirect" title="City charter">city charter</a> and moved the capital of <a href="/wiki/Halych-Volynia" class="mw-redirect" title="Halych-Volynia">his domain</a> in 1241–1272 after destruction of <a href="/wiki/Halych" title="Halych">Halych</a> by the Mongols in 1240–1241. Daniel also built a new castle atop the hill in 1237, one of the few Ruthenian castles that withstood Mongol attacks, and established an Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Eparchy" title="Eparchy">eparchy</a> (diocese) centered at the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Birth_of_the_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary">Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary</a>. Until the 14th century, the town developed as part of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia</a> and then as part of the short-lived Princedom of Chełm and <a href="/wiki/Belz" title="Belz">Belz</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Belz" title="Duchy of Belz">Duchy of Belz</a>). In 1366, king <a href="/wiki/Casimir_III_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Casimir III of Poland">Casimir III the Great</a> of Poland took control of the region after his victory in the <a href="/wiki/Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia_Wars" title="Galicia–Volhynia Wars">Galicia–Volhynia Wars</a>. On 4 January 1392, the town was relocated and granted rights under <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdeburg Law">Magdeburg Law</a>, with vast internal autonomy and the town saw an influx of Polish and other Catholic settlers. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Che%C5%82m_woj_lubelskie_Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_katedry_greckokatolickiej_%E2%80%9EG%C3%B3rka_Katedralna%E2%80%9DBazylika_p.w._Narodzenia_NMP_jpradun.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Che%C5%82m_woj_lubelskie_Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_katedry_greckokatolickiej_%E2%80%9EG%C3%B3rka_Katedralna%E2%80%9DBazylika_p.w._Narodzenia_NMP_jpradun.JPG/170px-Che%C5%82m_woj_lubelskie_Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_katedry_greckokatolickiej_%E2%80%9EG%C3%B3rka_Katedralna%E2%80%9DBazylika_p.w._Narodzenia_NMP_jpradun.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Che%C5%82m_woj_lubelskie_Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_katedry_greckokatolickiej_%E2%80%9EG%C3%B3rka_Katedralna%E2%80%9DBazylika_p.w._Narodzenia_NMP_jpradun.JPG/255px-Che%C5%82m_woj_lubelskie_Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_katedry_greckokatolickiej_%E2%80%9EG%C3%B3rka_Katedralna%E2%80%9DBazylika_p.w._Narodzenia_NMP_jpradun.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Che%C5%82m_woj_lubelskie_Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_katedry_greckokatolickiej_%E2%80%9EG%C3%B3rka_Katedralna%E2%80%9DBazylika_p.w._Narodzenia_NMP_jpradun.JPG/340px-Che%C5%82m_woj_lubelskie_Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_katedry_greckokatolickiej_%E2%80%9EG%C3%B3rka_Katedralna%E2%80%9DBazylika_p.w._Narodzenia_NMP_jpradun.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baroque_in_Poland" title="Baroque in Poland">Baroque</a> <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Birth_of_the_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary">Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary</a></figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Che%C5%82m" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Chełm">Diocese of Chełm</a> was created in 1359, but its seat was moved to <a href="/wiki/Krasnystaw" title="Krasnystaw">Krasnystaw</a> after 1480.<sup id="cite_ref-Lerski_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lerski-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renamed as <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Che%C5%82m%E2%80%93Lublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Chełm–Lublin">Diocese of Chełm–Lublin</a> in 1790, it was suppressed in 1805, but since 2005 Chełm is nominally restored and listed by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> as Latin <a href="/wiki/Titular_bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Titular bishopric">titular bishopric</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Eastern Orthodox bishopric entered <a href="/wiki/Communion_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communion (Christian)">communion</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">see of Rome</a> in the late 16th century as <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Che%C5%82m%E2%80%93Be%C5%82z" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Chełm–Bełz">Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Chełm–Bełz</a>, retaining its <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a>, but in 1867 it became part of the imperial <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lerski_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lerski-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is now the Archdiocese of Lublin and Chełm of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Polish Orthodox Church</a>. </p><p>The town was the capital of a historical region of the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Che%C5%82m" class="mw-redirect" title="Land of Chełm">Land of Chełm</a>, administratively a part of the <a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Voivodeship" title="Ruthenian Voivodeship">Ruthenian Voivodeship</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland_Province,_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Lesser Poland Province, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Lesser Poland Province</a> of the Kingdom of Poland. The city prospered in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was then that <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Ba%27al_Shem_of_Chelm#The_Golem_of_Chełm" class="mw-redirect" title="Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm">The Golem of Chełm</a> by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Ba%27al_Shem_of_Chelm" class="mw-redirect" title="Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm">Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm</a> became famous, but the city declined in the 17th century due to the wars which ravaged Poland. In the 18th century, the situation in eastern Poland stabilized and the town started to slowly recover from the damages suffered during the <a href="/wiki/The_Deluge_(Polish_history)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Deluge (Polish history)">Swedish Deluge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmelnytsky uprising">Khmelnytsky uprising</a>. It attracted a number of new settlers from all parts of Poland, including people of Catholic, Orthodox, and Jewish faiths. In 1794, the <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m_Voivodeship" title="Chełm Voivodeship">Chełm Voivodeship</a> was established. Chełm was one of the first towns to join the <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko%27s_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Kościuszko's Uprising">Kościuszko's Uprising</a> later that year. In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Che%C5%82m" title="Battle of Chełm">Battle of Chełm</a> of 8 June 1794, the forces of Gen. <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Zaj%C4%85czek" title="Józef Zajączek">Józef Zajączek</a> were defeated by the Russians under <a href="/wiki/Valerian_Zubov" title="Valerian Zubov">Valerian Zubov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Moritz_Graf_von_Lacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy">Boris Lacy</a>, the town was yet again sacked by the invading armies. The following year, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Partition_of_Poland" title="Third Partition of Poland">Third Partition of Poland</a>, the town was annexed by <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Austria</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_of_partitions">Age of partitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Age of partitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> in 1809, in the effect of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Austrian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Austrian War">Polish–Austrian War</a>, the town was briefly part of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Warsaw" title="Duchy of Warsaw">Duchy of Warsaw</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> of 1815 awarded it to <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a>. The town entered a period of decline as the local administrative and religious offices (including the bishopric) were moved to <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>. In the mid-19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Russian Army</a> turned the town into a strong <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a>, which made the Russian soldiers a significant part of the population. The period of decline ended in 1866, when the town was connected to a new <a href="/wiki/Rail_road" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail road">railroad</a>. In 1875, the <a href="/wiki/Uniate" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniate">Uniate</a> bishopric was liquidated by the Russian authorities and all of the local Uniates were <a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Che%C5%82m_Eparchy" title="Conversion of Chełm Eparchy">forcibly converted</a> to the Russian Orthodox Church. In the late 19th century, the local administrative offices were restored and in 1912 a <a href="/wiki/Kholm_Governorate_(Russian_Empire)" title="Kholm Governorate (Russian Empire)">local gubernia</a> was created. During the Russian <a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1905" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolution of 1905">revolution of 1905</a> in the city was established the Ukrainian enlightenment society of <a href="/wiki/Prosvita" title="Prosvita">Prosvita</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chelm_old.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chelm_old.jpg/220px-Chelm_old.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chelm_old.jpg/330px-Chelm_old.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chelm_old.jpg/440px-Chelm_old.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>Early 20th-century view of Chełm</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, in 1915 most of the Ukrainian and Russian minority was evacuated to <a href="/wiki/Sloboda_Ukraine" title="Sloboda Ukraine">Sloboda Ukraine</a> and Russia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The city fell under <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austrian</a> occupation. On 3 May 1918, Chełm was the site of a large Polish manifestation, as over 15,000 Poles gathered to celebrate the Polish <a href="/wiki/3_May_Constitution_Day" title="3 May Constitution Day">3 May Constitution Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1918, <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_visitor" title="Apostolic visitor">apostolic visitor</a> Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (future <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a>) visited the city, greeted by the local Polish population.<sup id="cite_ref-stc_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 November 1918, local members of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Military_Organisation" title="Polish Military Organisation">Polish Military Organisation</a> and students of local schools, led by <a href="/wiki/Gustaw_Orlicz-Dreszer" title="Gustaw Orlicz-Dreszer">Gustaw Orlicz-Dreszer</a>, disarmed Austrian soldiers and liberated the city from Austrian rule, nine days before Poland officially regained independence.<sup id="cite_ref-stc_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chełm was one of the first liberated Polish cities of the former <a href="/wiki/Russian_Partition" title="Russian Partition">Russian Partition</a> of Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-stc_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Polish 1st Cavalry Regiment was established in Chełm, which soon liberated the nearby towns of <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odawa" title="Włodawa">Włodawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hrubiesz%C3%B3w" title="Hrubieszów">Hrubieszów</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stc_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Interbellum" class="mw-redirect" title="Interbellum">interbellum</a>, Chełm was a county seat, administratively located in the <a href="/wiki/Lublin_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Lublin Voivodeship (1919–1939)</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Che%C5%82m,_Ma%C5%82a_synagoga_-_fotopolska.eu_(224811).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Che%C5%82m%2C_Ma%C5%82a_synagoga_-_fotopolska.eu_%28224811%29.jpg/220px-Che%C5%82m%2C_Ma%C5%82a_synagoga_-_fotopolska.eu_%28224811%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Che%C5%82m%2C_Ma%C5%82a_synagoga_-_fotopolska.eu_%28224811%29.jpg/330px-Che%C5%82m%2C_Ma%C5%82a_synagoga_-_fotopolska.eu_%28224811%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Che%C5%82m%2C_Ma%C5%82a_synagoga_-_fotopolska.eu_%28224811%29.jpg/440px-Che%C5%82m%2C_Ma%C5%82a_synagoga_-_fotopolska.eu_%28224811%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="823" /></a><figcaption>Former synagogue building</figcaption></figure> <p>During the joint German-Soviet <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a>, which started <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, on 27 September 1939 the invading Soviet <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)">occupied</a> Chełm, but withdrew two weeks later in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/German-Soviet_Frontier_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Soviet Frontier Treaty">German-Soviet Frontier Treaty</a>. As early as 7–9 October 1939 the city was occupied by German forces and renamed <i>Kulm</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-chelmerO_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chelmerO-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chelm39_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chelm39-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning of the war, Chełm's population was around 33,000 of which 15,000 were Jewish. On Friday, 1 December 1939, at 8 o'clock, around 2000 Jewish men were driven at dawn to the market-square ("Okrąglak" or "Rynek") surrounded by the German <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> formations and local indigenous officials.<sup id="cite_ref-jewgen-chelm_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewgen-chelm-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were forced on a death march to <a href="/wiki/Hrubiesz%C3%B3w" title="Hrubieszów">Hrubieszów</a>. Hundreds were murdered on the march, others were tortured and beaten. They were marched to the Soviet border where they were forced to cross the river under gunfire.<sup id="cite_ref-JewishGen1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishGen1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JewishGen2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishGen2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JewishGen3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewishGen3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually perhaps 400 of the men survived the Death March and 1600 were slaughtered.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1940, the Germans murdered 440 patients of the local psychiatric hospital, including 17 children, as part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Aktion_T4" title="Aktion T4">Aktion T4</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1940, during the <i><a href="/wiki/German_AB-Aktion_in_Poland" title="German AB-Aktion in Poland">AB-Aktion</a></i>, the Germans carried out mass arrests of <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a>, who were then imprisoned in Lublin, and then often deported to the <a href="/wiki/Sachsenhausen_concentration_camp" title="Sachsenhausen concentration camp">Sachsenhausen concentration camp</a>, while some were murdered in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local Polish mayor was murdered in a massacre of over 115 Poles committed by the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> in the nearby Kumowa Valley in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1940, Jews were confined to a small portion of Chełm, living in very overcrowded conditions, up to several dozen a room. Jews were conscripted for <a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labor</a> near Chełm and in other locations. The <a href="/wiki/German_Reich" title="German Reich">German Reich</a> established 16 <a href="/wiki/Forced_labor_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced labor camp">forced labor camps</a> in the new <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a> district. Locals from neighboring villages and towns of Chełm also were forced to work in these camps. (also <i>Khelm</i> or <i>Kulm</i> in German), Some of the camps were connected to the main railroad line through a 40 km (25 mi) railroad <a href="/wiki/Branch_line" title="Branch line">branch line</a> to the killing camps. </p><p>In 1942, during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Reinhard" title="Operation Reinhard">Operation Reinhard</a>, the highly secretive <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%82%C5%BCec_extermination_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Bełżec extermination camp">Bełżec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treblinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Treblinka">Treblinka</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Sobib%C3%B3r_extermination_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobibór extermination camp">Sobibór extermination camps</a> were built near the forced labor camps. Their purpose was to murder all Polish Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1942, 1000 elderly Chełm Jews were sent to the <a href="/wiki/Sobib%C3%B3r_extermination_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobibór extermination camp">Sobibór extermination camp</a> where they were immediately murdered. In August, 3000 to 4000 more were sent, including most of the children in the ghetto. In October, the SS and their Ukrainian auxiliaries rounded up and deported another 2000 to 3000 Jews to Sobibor. In November, the remaining Jews were marched to the railway station. Most were sent to Sobibor. Those in hiding were hunted, and the SS burned several ghetto buildings and killed many people who emerged from hiding. Some Jews remained in the ghetto as laborers, but they too were murdered in January 1943. There were only an estimated 60 Jews from Chełm who survived <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>. Some survivors managed to find shelter in the <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m_Chalk_Tunnels" title="Chełm Chalk Tunnels">Chełm Chalk Tunnels</a>. However, as many as 400 others who fled to the east at the beginning of the war returned to Chełm but quickly moved on.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pomnik_stalagu_w_Che%C5%82mie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pomnik_stalagu_w_Che%C5%82mie.jpg/220px-Pomnik_stalagu_w_Che%C5%82mie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pomnik_stalagu_w_Che%C5%82mie.jpg/330px-Pomnik_stalagu_w_Che%C5%82mie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Pomnik_stalagu_w_Che%C5%82mie.jpg/440px-Pomnik_stalagu_w_Che%C5%82mie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Memorial dedicated to the victims of the Stalag 319 POW camp</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the 1941 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a> the Germans established the Stalag 319 <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_II" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II">prisoner-of-war camp</a> in Chełm, in which they imprisoned Soviet, <a href="/wiki/French_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="French prisoners of war in World War II">French</a>, British, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Military_Internees" title="Italian Military Internees">Italian</a> and other Allied POWs.<sup id="cite_ref-ushm_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushm-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dziennik_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dziennik-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of some 200,000 POWs passed through the camp, and some 90,000 died there.<sup id="cite_ref-Dziennik_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dziennik-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1944, the camp was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Skierniewice" title="Skierniewice">Skierniewice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ushm_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushm-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monument commemorating the victims of Stalag 319 was unveiled in Chełm in May 2009 in the presence of foreign diplomats.<sup id="cite_ref-Dziennik_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dziennik-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1942 through to 1945, Chełm was one of numerous locations of the <a href="/wiki/Volhynian_massacres" class="mw-redirect" title="Volhynian massacres">Volhynian massacres</a> of Poles by death squads of <a href="/wiki/OUN-UPA" class="mw-redirect" title="OUN-UPA">OUN-UPA</a> and groups of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian nationalists">Ukrainian nationalists</a>. The city and its environs allegedly witnessed revenge killings as well,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated9_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated9-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wyborcza.pl_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wyborcza.pl-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between Ukrainians and its Polish self-defence.<sup id="cite_ref-easternorthodoxmartzrs_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-easternorthodoxmartzrs-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MARPLES_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MARPLES-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As noted by historians <a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_Motyka" title="Grzegorz Motyka">Grzegorz Motyka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Viatrovych" title="Volodymyr Viatrovych">Volodymyr Viatrovych</a>, the subject is highly controversial, because in 1944, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Shukhevych" title="Roman Shukhevych">Roman Shukhevych</a>, leader of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">OUN-UPA</a>, issued an order to fabricate proofs of Polish responsibility for war crimes committed there.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RDRNAT_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RDRNAT-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chełm_in_Jewish_literature"><span id="Che.C5.82m_in_Jewish_literature"></span>Chełm in Jewish literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chełm in Jewish literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_cemetery_in_Chelm_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Jewish_cemetery_in_Chelm_%281%29.JPG/220px-Jewish_cemetery_in_Chelm_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Jewish_cemetery_in_Chelm_%281%29.JPG/330px-Jewish_cemetery_in_Chelm_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Jewish_cemetery_in_Chelm_%281%29.JPG/440px-Jewish_cemetery_in_Chelm_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1747" data-file-height="1255" /></a><figcaption>Jewish cemetery in Chełm</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wise_Men_of_Chelm" title="Wise Men of Chelm">Wise Men of Chelm</a></div> <p>By the end of World War II, only a remnant of Chełm's Jewish population of <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 18,000 survived. They managed to <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">emigrate to Israel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Canada#World_War_II_(1939–1945)" title="History of the Jews in Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America</a>, or <a href="/wiki/South_African_Jews#From_Union_through_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Jews">South Africa</a>. Chełm became well-known as a butt of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_humor" title="Jewish humor">Jewish humor</a> thanks to Jewish storytellers and writers such as <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a>-winning novelist in the <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> language, who wrote <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fools_of_Chelm_and_Their_History" title="The Fools of Chelm and Their History">The Fools of Chelm and Their History</a></i> (published in English translation in 1973), and the Yiddish poet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ovsey_Driz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ovsey Driz (page does not exist)">Ovsey Driz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96" class="extiw" title="he:שייקה דריז">he</a>; <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7,_%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Дриз, Овсей Овсеевич">ru</a>; <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="uk:Дриз Овсій Овсійович">uk</a>; <a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A2_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96" class="extiw" title="yi:שייקע דריז">yi</a>]</span> who wrote stories in verse. Notable adaptations of the Chełm Jewish folklore include the comedy <i>Chelmer Khakhomim</i> ("The Wise Men of Chelm") by <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Zeitlin" title="Aaron Zeitlin">Aaron Zeitlin</a>, <i>The Heroes of Chelm</i> (1942) by <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Simon" title="Solomon Simon">Shlomo Simon</a>, published in English translation as <i>The Wise Men of Helm</i> (<a href="/wiki/Solomon_Simon" title="Solomon Simon">Simon</a>, 1945) and <i>More Wise Men of Helm</i> (<a href="/wiki/Solomon_Simon" title="Solomon Simon">Simon</a>, 1965), as well as the book <i>Chelmer Khakhomim</i> by <a href="/wiki/Y._Y._Trunk" title="Y. Y. Trunk">Y. Y. Trunk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Allen_Mandelbaum" title="Allen Mandelbaum">Allen Mandelbaum</a>'s <i>"Chelmaxioms : The Maxims, Axioms, Maxioms of Chelm"</i> (David R. Godine, 1978) treats the wise men of the Jewish Chełm as scholars who are knowledgeable but lacking sense. Some Chełm stories emulate the interpretive process of <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudic</a> style of argumentation,<sup id="cite_ref-Rogovin_2009_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rogovin_2009-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continue the dialogue between rabbinic texts and their manifestation in the daily arena.<sup id="cite_ref-Krakowski,_Stefan_2007_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krakowski,_Stefan_2007-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seemingly tangential questioning that is typical of the Chełm Jewish Council can be interpreted as a comedic hint at the vastness of Talmudic literature. The combination of paralleled argumentation and linguistic commonality allows the Jewish textual tradition, namely Talmudic, to shine through Chełm folklore.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Golem_of_Che%C5%82m" class="mw-redirect" title="Golem of Chełm">Golem of Chełm</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chelm_gorka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chelm_gorka.jpg/220px-Chelm_gorka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chelm_gorka.jpg/330px-Chelm_gorka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Chelm_gorka.jpg/440px-Chelm_gorka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1751" data-file-height="1172" /></a><figcaption>Wysoka Górka, medieval <a href="/wiki/Hill_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill fort">hill fort</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After Poland's independence, the <a href="/wiki/Polish_census_of_1921" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish census of 1921">Polish census of 1921</a> found a population of 23,221, with 12,064 Jews, 9,492 Roman Catholics (Poles), 1,369 Orthodox Christians (Ukrainian, Ruthenians and Belarusians) and 207 Lutherans (Germans). </p><p>In September 1939, at the onset of World War II, Jews constituted 60% (18,000) of the city's inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_inhabitants_by_year">Number of inhabitants by year</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Number of inhabitants by year"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Source </th></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td>69426 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td rowspan="7"><sup id="cite_ref-population_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>69012 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>68160 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>66537 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>64270 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>61135 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>60231 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sights_and_landmarks">Sights and landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sights and landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_(38).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_%2838%29.JPG/220px-Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_%2838%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_%2838%29.JPG/330px-Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_%2838%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_%2838%29.JPG/440px-Che%C5%82mskie_Podziemia_Kredowe_%2838%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m_Chalk_Tunnels" title="Chełm Chalk Tunnels">Chełm Chalk Tunnels</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The main landmarks and tourist attractions of the city are Góra Chełmska with the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_in_Poland" title="Baroque in Poland">Baroque</a> <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Birth_of_the_Virgin_Mary,_Che%C5%82m" title="Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary, Chełm">Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m_Chalk_Tunnels" title="Chełm Chalk Tunnels">Chełm Chalk Tunnels</a>, located underneath the city, a unique structure in Europe and the world. The town's main historic square is the <i>Plac Łuczkowskiego</i> (Łuczkowski Square), which is filled with colourful historic townhouses and contains a preserved old well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mianka_Che%C5%82m" title="Chełmianka Chełm">Chełmianka Chełm</a> – Polish football club, playing in the <a href="/wiki/III_liga_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="III liga (Poland)">III liga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meblotap_AZS_Che%C5%82m" class="mw-redirect" title="Meblotap AZS Chełm">AZS Chełm</a> – women basketball team, 7th place in <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Torell_Basket_Liga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharp Torell Basket Liga">Sharp Torell Basket Liga</a> in 2003/2004 season</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Che%C5%82m,_Magistrat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Che%C5%82m%2C_Magistrat.jpg/220px-Che%C5%82m%2C_Magistrat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Che%C5%82m%2C_Magistrat.jpg/330px-Che%C5%82m%2C_Magistrat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Che%C5%82m%2C_Magistrat.jpg/440px-Che%C5%82m%2C_Magistrat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3501" data-file-height="2615" /></a><figcaption>Municipal office</figcaption></figure> <p>Most influential Members of Parliament (<a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a>) elected from the Biała Podlaska/Chełm/Zamość constituency (2006) included: Badach Tadeusz (SLD-UP), Bratkowski Arkadiusz (PSL), Byra Jan (SLD-UP), Janowski Zbigniew (SLD-UP), Kwiatkowski Marian (Samoobrona), Lewczuk Henryk (LPR), Michalski Jerzy (Samoobrona), Nikolski Lech (SLD-UP), Skomra Szczepan (SLD-UP), Stanibuła Ryszard (PSL),<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stefaniuk Franciszek (PSL), Żmijan Stanisław (PO) and Matuszczak Zbigniew (SLD). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbols">Symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The flag of Chełm is a rectangle with 2:3 proportions, divided into two parallel, horizontal stripes of the same width (upper – white, lower – green). On the upper strip, in the center, there is the coat of arms of Chełm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Ba%27al_Shem_of_Chelm" class="mw-redirect" title="Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm">Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chełm</a> (1550–1583), notable Jewish rabbi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_ben_Moses_of_Chelm" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon ben Moses of Chelm">Solomon ben Moses of Chelm</a> (1715/16–1781), notable rabbinic scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_%22Ania%22_D%C4%85browska" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna "Ania" Dąbrowska">Anna "Ania" Dąbrowska</a> (born 1981), singer and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_of_Galicia" title="Daniel of Galicia">Daniel of Galicia</a> (1201-1264), <a href="/wiki/King_of_Ruthenia" title="King of Ruthenia">King of Ruthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Gaj" title="Magdalena Gaj">Magdalena Gaj</a> (born 1974), state official</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Haendel" title="Ida Haendel">Ida Haendel</a> (1928–2020), classical violinist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Hrushevsky" title="Mykhailo Hrushevsky">Mykhailo Hrushevsky</a> (1866–1934), Ukrainian historian and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ihnatowicz" title="Edward Ihnatowicz">Edward Ihnatowicz</a> (1926–1988), cybernetic art sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renata_Reisfeld" title="Renata Reisfeld">Renata Reisfeld</a> (born 1930), Israeli chemist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Schneiderman" title="Rose Schneiderman">Rose Schneiderman</a> (1882–1972), feminist and labor leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Serchuk" title="Joseph Serchuk">Joseph Serchuk</a> (1919–1993), Sobibor uprising survivor and Jewish partisan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Szydlowski" title="Joseph Szydlowski">Józef Szydłowski</a> (1896–1988), aircraft engine designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szmul_Zygielbojm" title="Szmul Zygielbojm">Szmul Zygielbojm</a> (1895–1943), <a href="/wiki/General_Jewish_Labour_Bund_in_Poland" title="General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland">Bund</a> leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icek_Ajzen" title="Icek Ajzen">Icek Ajzen</a> (born 1942), social psychologist</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Poland" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland">List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_Sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_Sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – Sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Twin towns – Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chełm is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kovel" title="Kovel">Kovel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Morlaix" title="Morlaix">Morlaix</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Utena,_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Utena, Lithuania">Utena, Lithuania</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sindelfingen" title="Sindelfingen">Sindelfingen</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee" title="Knoxville, Tennessee">Knoxville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, US<sup id="cite_ref-sci_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sci-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_humor#Chelm" title="Jewish humor">Jewish humor#Chelm</a>: Jewish citizens of Chelm had a bad reputation IQ-wise</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-population-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-population_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-population_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/teryt/jednostka">"Local Data Bank"</a>. Statistics Poland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Data+Bank&rft.pub=Statistics+Poland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbdl.stat.gov.pl%2Fbdl%2Fdane%2Fteryt%2Fjednostka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span> Data for territorial unit 0662011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?basename=\data\ie\vasmer&text_word=%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC&method_word=beginning&ww_word=on">"Invalid query"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Invalid+query&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstarlingdb.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fresponse.cgi%3Fbasename%3D%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cvasmer%26text_word%3D%25D1%2585%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%26method_word%3Dbeginning%26ww_word%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sztetl.org.pl/pl/article/chelm/3,historia-miejscowosci/">"Historia miejscowości – Informacje o mieście – Chełm – Wirtualny Sztetl"</a>. <i>sztetl.org.pl</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sztetl.org.pl&rft.atitle=Historia+miejscowo%C5%9Bci+%E2%80%93+Informacje+o+mie%C5%9Bcie+%E2%80%93+Che%C5%82m+%E2%80%93+Wirtualny+Sztetl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sztetl.org.pl%2Fpl%2Farticle%2Fchelm%2F3%2Chistoria-miejscowosci%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lerski-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lerski_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lerski_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=luRry4Y5NIYC&pg=PA63">Halina Lerski, <i>Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945</i></a> (ABC CLIO 1996 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-03456-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-03456-5">978-0-313-03456-5</a>), p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annuario Pontificio 2013</i> (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1">978-88-209-9070-1</a>), p. 868</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stc-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stc_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stc_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stc_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stc_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stc_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.supertydzien.pl/wiadomosci/4995,to-byl-dla-chelma-dobry-rok">"To był dla Chełma dobry rok"</a>. <i>Super Tydzień Chełmski</i> (in Polish). 10 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Communal+History+%E2%80%93+Chelm&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Judaica+1972%2C+Keter+Publishing+House+Jerusalem+Ltd&rft.pub=Chelmer+Organization+of+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewish-chelm.org%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chelm39-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chelm39_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/revolt/chelmborek.html">"The Jews of Chełm & Escape from Borek Forest"</a>. <i>Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team</i>. 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Shavit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/chelm/che001.html">"Preface"</a>. <i>The History of the Jews in Chelm</i>. JewishGen, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+BonTon+Che%C5%82m+104.90+FM&rft.atitle=440+krzew%C3%B3w+dla+uczczenia+pami%C4%99ci+pomordowanych+w+1940+roku&rft.date=2017-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiobonton.pl%2Fwiadomosci%2F2031%2C440-krzewow-dla-uczczenia-pamieci-pomordowanych-w-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGałan2003" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gałan, Alina (2003). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Akcja AB" na Lubelszczyźnie". <i>Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej</i> (in Polish). No. 12-1 (35–36). <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance" title="Institute of National Remembrance">IPN</a>. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1641-9561">1641-9561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biuletyn+Instytutu+Pami%C4%99ci+Narodowej&rft.atitle=%22Akcja+AB%22+na+Lubelszczy%C5%BAnie&rft.issue=12-1+%2835%E2%80%9336%29&rft.pages=53&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=1641-9561&rft.aulast=Ga%C5%82an&rft.aufirst=Alina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gałan, p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aktion Reinhard Camps. <i>Sobibor Labour Camps</i>. 15 June 2006. ARC Website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobroszycki2012" class="citation book cs1">Dobroszycki, Lucjan (2012). <i>Survivors of the Holocaust</i>. 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Volume IV</i>. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 310. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06089-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-06089-1"><bdi>978-0-253-06089-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum+Encyclopedia+of+Camps+and+Ghettos+1933%E2%80%931945.+Volume+IV&rft.pages=310&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press%2C+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-253-06089-1&rft.aulast=Megargee&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+P.&rft.au=Overmans%2C+R%C3%BCdiger&rft.au=Vogt%2C+Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dziennik-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dziennik_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dziennik_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dziennik_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacek_Barczyński2009" class="citation web cs1">Jacek Barczyński (8 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dziennikwschodni.pl/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090508/CHELM/941587734">"Obóz Stalag 319"</a>. <i>Media Regionalne</i>. Dziennik Wschodni. Archive.is<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Media+Regionalne&rft.atitle=Ob%C3%B3z+Stalag+319&rft.pages=Archive.is&rft.date=2009-05-08&rft.au=Jacek+Barczy%C5%84ski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dziennikwschodni.pl%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20090508%2FCHELM%2F941587734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated9-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated9_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ihor Ilyushin (11 September 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327130537/http://history.org.ua/oun_upa/upa/16.pdf">Розділ 5. Бойові дії ОУН і УПА на антипольському фроиі.</a> Chapter 5, pp. 264–266, in the Ukrainian language. From: <i>Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.</i> Institute of Ukrainian History, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wyborcza.pl-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wyborcza.pl_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grzegorz Motyka, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wyborcza.pl/1,76842,5240814,Zapomnijcie_o_Giedroyciu__Polacy__Ukraincy__IPN.html"><i>Zapomnijcie o Giedroyciu: Polacy, Ukraińcy, IPN</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-easternorthodoxmartzrs-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-easternorthodoxmartzrs_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.byzcath.org/forums/ubbthreads.php/topics/30263/Orthodox%20New%20Martyrs%20canonized">"Orthodox New Martyrs canonized"</a>. The Byzantine Forum 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orthodox+New+Martyrs+canonized&rft.pub=The+Byzantine+Forum+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.byzcath.org%2Fforums%2Fubbthreads.php%2Ftopics%2F30263%2FOrthodox%2520New%2520Martyrs%2520canonized&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MARPLES-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MARPLES_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarples2007" class="citation book cs1">Marples, David R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bGPjqNGPc40C&q=Che%C5%82m&pg=PP1"><i>Heroes and villains: creating national history in contemporary Ukraine</i></a>. Budapest: Central European University Press. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789637326981" title="Special:BookSources/9789637326981"><bdi>9789637326981</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heroes+and+villains%3A+creating+national+history+in+contemporary+Ukraine&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789637326981&rft.aulast=Marples&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbGPjqNGPc40C%26q%3DChe%25C5%2582m%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotyka,_Grzegorz2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_Motyka" title="Grzegorz Motyka">Motyka, Grzegorz</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RhYJaAEACAAJ"><i>Od rzezi wołyńskiej do Akcji "Wisła"</i></a>. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-08-04576-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-08-04576-3"><bdi>978-83-08-04576-3</bdi></a>. <q>Sprawa dotyczyła wsi wymordowanych przez UPA.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Od+rzezi+wo%C5%82y%C5%84skiej+do+Akcji+%22Wis%C5%82a%22&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Literackie&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-83-08-04576-3&rft.au=Motyka%2C+Grzegorz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRhYJaAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RDRNAT-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RDRNAT_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jasiak, Marek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oGmTs2SceAgC&pg=PA173">"Overcoming Ukrainian Resistance"</a>, in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTherSiljak2001" class="citation book cs1">Ther, Philipp; Siljak, Ana (2001). <i>Redrawing nations: ethnic cleansing in East-Central Europe, 1944–1948</i>. Oxford: Rowman & Littfield. p. 174.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Redrawing+nations%3A+ethnic+cleansing+in+East-Central+Europe%2C+1944%E2%80%931948&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littfield&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Ther&rft.aufirst=Philipp&rft.au=Siljak%2C+Ana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/chelm/che045.html">"The Myth of Chełm in Jewish Literature"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogovin_2009-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rogovin_2009_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogovin2009" class="citation journal cs1">Rogovin, Or (2009). "Chelm as Shtetl: Y. Y. Trunk's Khelemer Khakhomim". <i>Prooftexts</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 242–272. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Fpft.2009.29.2.242">10.2979/pft.2009.29.2.242</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/pft.2009.29.2.242">10.2979/pft.2009.29.2.242</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163047588">163047588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prooftexts&rft.atitle=Chelm+as+Shtetl%3A+Y.+Y.+Trunk%27s+Khelemer+Khakhomim&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=242-272&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163047588%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.2979%2Fpft.2009.29.2.242%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Fpft.2009.29.2.242&rft.aulast=Rogovin&rft.aufirst=Or&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krakowski,_Stefan_2007-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Krakowski,_Stefan_2007_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrakowskiKalish2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Krakowski, Stefan; Kalish, Aryeh-Leib (2007). "Chelm". In <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berenbaum" title="Michael Berenbaum">Berenbaum, Michael</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fred_Skolnik" title="Fred Skolnik">Skolnik, Fred</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Judaica" title="Encyclopaedia Judaica">Encyclopaedia Judaica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 588–589. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-866097-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-866097-4"><bdi>978-0-02-866097-4</bdi></a> – via Gale Virtual Reference Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chelm&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Judaica&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pages=588-589&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-02-866097-4&rft.aulast=Krakowski&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft.au=Kalish%2C+Aryeh-Leib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerr2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herr, Moshe David (2007). "Midrash". In <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berenbaum" title="Michael Berenbaum">Berenbaum, Michael</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fred_Skolnik" title="Fred Skolnik">Skolnik, Fred</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Judaica" title="Encyclopaedia Judaica">Encyclopaedia Judaica</a></i>. Vol. 14 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 182–185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-866097-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-866097-4"><bdi>978-0-02-866097-4</bdi></a> – via Gale Virtual Reference Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Midrash&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Judaica&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pages=182-185&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-02-866097-4&rft.aulast=Herr&rft.aufirst=Moshe+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harshav, Benjamin. <i>The Meaning of Yiddish</i> United States of America: University of California Press, 1990. 112. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rosemary Horowitz. <i>Memorial Books of Eastern European Jewry: Essays on the History and Meanings of Yizker Volumes</i>. McFarland. 2011. pp. 73–74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanibula.republika.pl/">Link in Polish</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060627044417/http://www.stanibula.republika.pl/">Archived</a> 27 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> with relevant pop-ups.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sci-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sci_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150108155829/http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Chelm,%20Poland">"City Directory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sister_Cities_International" title="Sister Cities International">Sister Cities International</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sister-cities.org/interactive-map/Chelm,%20Poland">the original</a> on 8 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+Directory&rft.pub=Sister+Cities+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sister-cities.org%2Finteractive-map%2FChelm%2C%2520Poland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChe%C5%82m" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Che%C5%82m&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m" class="extiw" title="commons:Chełm"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Chełm</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080708031325/http://www.um.chelm.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=102&Itemid=168">Chełm official English-language home page</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(In Polish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.echelm.pl/">eChełm.pl</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(In Polish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071114071633/http://www.chelm24.pl/">Chełm Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chelm.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=105&Itemid=171">Essay on the history of Chełm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080430093455/http://www.chelm.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=105&Itemid=171">Archived</a> 30 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chelm.atspace.com/index.html">Chełm in photography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewish-chelm.org">Organization for Chelmers in Israel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/valley/chelm/index.asp">"Here Their Stories Will Be Told..." 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Template:Lublin Voivodeship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Template talk:Lublin Voivodeship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lublin Voivodeship"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Counties_of_Lublin_Voivodeship" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Powiat" title="Powiat">Counties</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Lublin Voivodeship">Lublin Voivodeship</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a> (capital)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_Podlaska" title="Biała Podlaska">Biała Podlaska</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chełm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Zamość">Zamość</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Lublin Voivodeship"><img alt="Coat of arms of Lublin Voivodeship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_COA.svg/50px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_COA.svg/75px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_COA.svg/100px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_lubelskie_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_County,_Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Biała County, Lublin Voivodeship">Biała</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C5%82goraj_County" title="Biłgoraj County">Biłgoraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m_County" title="Chełm County">Chełm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrubiesz%C3%B3w_County" title="Hrubieszów County">Hrubieszów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan%C3%B3w_County" title="Janów County">Janów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kra%C5%9Bnik_County" title="Kraśnik County">Kraśnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnystaw_County" title="Krasnystaw County">Krasnystaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C4%99czna_County" title="Łęczna County">Łęczna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubart%C3%B3w_County" title="Lubartów County">Lubartów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_County" title="Lublin County">Lublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81uk%C3%B3w_County" title="Łuków County">Łuków</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opole_County,_Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Opole County, Lublin Voivodeship">Opole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parczew_County" title="Parczew County">Parczew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%C5%82awy_County" title="Puławy County">Puławy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radzy%C5%84_County" title="Radzyń County">Radzyń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryki_County" title="Ryki County">Ryki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awidnik_County" title="Świdnik County">Świdnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomasz%C3%B3w_County,_Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Tomaszów County, Lublin Voivodeship">Tomaszów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odawa_County" title="Włodawa County">Włodawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87_County" title="Zamość County">Zamość</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_of_Poland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_of_Poland" title="Template:Cities of Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_of_Poland" title="Template talk:Cities of Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_of_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities of Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_of_Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Poland#Cities" title="List of cities and towns in Poland">Cities of Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">750,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">250,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Częstochowa">Częstochowa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom">Radom</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sosnowiec" title="Sosnowiec">Sosnowiec</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gliwice" title="Gliwice">Gliwice</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Olsztyn" title="Olsztyn">Olsztyn</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zabrze" title="Zabrze">Zabrze</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a" title="Bielsko-Biała">Bielsko-Biała</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bytom" title="Bytom">Bytom</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zielona_G%C3%B3ra" title="Zielona Góra">Zielona Góra</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rybnik" title="Rybnik">Rybnik</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruda_%C5%9Al%C4%85ska" title="Ruda Śląska">Ruda Śląska</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Opole</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tychy" title="Tychy">Tychy</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gorz%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Gorzów Wielkopolski">Gorzów Wielkopolski</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g" title="Elbląg">Elbląg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%85browa_G%C3%B3rnicza" title="Dąbrowa Górnicza">Dąbrowa Górnicza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P%C5%82ock" title="Płock">Płock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wa%C5%82brzych" title="Wałbrzych">Wałbrzych</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek" title="Włocławek">Włocławek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarn%C3%B3w" title="Tarnów">Tarnów</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chorz%C3%B3w" title="Chorzów">Chorzów</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koszalin" title="Koszalin">Koszalin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalisz" title="Kalisz">Kalisz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legnica" title="Legnica">Legnica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grudzi%C4%85dz" title="Grudziądz">Grudziądz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jaworzno" title="Jaworzno">Jaworzno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk" title="Słupsk">Słupsk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jastrz%C4%99bie-Zdr%C3%B3j" title="Jastrzębie-Zdrój">Jastrzębie-Zdrój</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nowy_S%C4%85cz" title="Nowy Sącz">Nowy Sącz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jelenia_G%C3%B3ra" title="Jelenia Góra">Jelenia Góra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siedlce" title="Siedlce">Siedlce</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mys%C5%82owice" title="Mysłowice">Mysłowice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%82a" title="Piła">Piła</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Konin" title="Konin">Konin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piotrk%C3%B3w_Trybunalski" title="Piotrków Trybunalski">Piotrków Trybunalski</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Ostrów Wielkopolski">Ostrów Wielkopolski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubin" title="Lubin">Lubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inowroc%C5%82aw" title="Inowrocław">Inowrocław</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki" title="Suwałki">Suwałki</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargard" title="Stargard">Stargard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gniezno" title="Gniezno">Gniezno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrowiec_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tokrzyski" title="Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski">Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siemianowice_%C5%9Al%C4%85skie" title="Siemianowice Śląskie">Siemianowice Śląskie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Głogów">Głogów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabianice" title="Pabianice">Pabianice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBory" title="Żory">Żory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruszk%C3%B3w" title="Pruszków">Pruszków</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leszno" title="Leszno">Leszno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Zamość">Zamość</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Łomża">Łomża</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C5%82k" title="Ełk">Ełk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomasz%C3%B3w_Mazowiecki" title="Tomaszów Mazowiecki">Tomaszów Mazowiecki</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chełm</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mielec" title="Mielec">Mielec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tczew" title="Tczew">Tczew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%99dzierzyn-Ko%C5%BAle" title="Kędzierzyn-Koźle">Kędzierzyn-Koźle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Przemyśl">Przemyśl</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalowa_Wola" title="Stalowa Wola">Stalowa Wola</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_Podlaska" title="Biała Podlaska">Biała Podlaska</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w" title="Bełchatów">Bełchatów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awidnica" title="Świdnica">Świdnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%99dzin" title="Będzin">Będzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zgierz" title="Zgierz">Zgierz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piekary_%C5%9Al%C4%85skie" title="Piekary Śląskie">Piekary Śląskie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racib%C3%B3rz" title="Racibórz">Racibórz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionowo" title="Legionowo">Legionowo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka" title="Ostrołęka">Ostrołęka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">35,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99toch%C5%82owice" title="Świętochłowice">Świętochłowice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wejherowo" title="Wejherowo">Wejherowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiercie" title="Zawiercie">Zawiercie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skierniewice" title="Skierniewice">Skierniewice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starachowice" title="Starachowice">Starachowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wodzis%C5%82aw_%C5%9Al%C4%85ski" title="Wodzisław Śląski">Wodzisław Śląski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogard_Gda%C5%84ski" title="Starogard Gdański">Starogard Gdański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%C5%82awy" title="Puławy">Puławy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarnobrzeg" title="Tarnobrzeg">Tarnobrzeg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg">Kołobrzeg</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Krosno" title="Krosno">Krosno</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radomsko" title="Radomsko">Radomsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otwock" title="Otwock">Otwock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skar%C5%BCysko-Kamienna" title="Skarżysko-Kamienna">Skarżysko-Kamienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciechan%C3%B3w" title="Ciechanów">Ciechanów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutno" title="Kutno">Kutno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieradz" title="Sieradz">Sieradz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdu%C5%84ska_Wola" title="Zduńska Wola">Zduńska Wola</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BByrard%C3%B3w" title="Żyrardów">Żyrardów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82awiec" title="Bolesławiec">Bolesławiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowa_S%C3%B3l" title="Nowa Sól">Nowa Sól</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knur%C3%B3w" title="Knurów">Knurów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim" title="Oświęcim">Oświęcim</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sopot" title="Sopot">Sopot</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The list includes the 107 urban municipalities governed by a <a href="/wiki/Mayor#Poland" title="Mayor">city mayor</a> (<i>prezydent miasta</i>) instead of a town mayor (<i>burmistrz</i>) · <a href="/wiki/City_with_powiat_rights" title="City with powiat rights">Cities with powiat rights</a> are in <i>italics</i> · Voivodeship cities are in <b>bold</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chełm_County" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Che%C5%82m_County" title="Template:Chełm County"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Che%C5%82m_County" title="Template talk:Chełm County"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Che%C5%82m_County" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chełm County"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chełm_County" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m_County" title="Chełm County">Chełm County</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban gmina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejowiec_Fabryczny" title="Rejowiec Fabryczny">Rejowiec Fabryczny</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_powiat_che%C5%82mski_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms"><img alt="Coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/POL_powiat_che%C5%82mski_COA.svg/40px-POL_powiat_che%C5%82mski_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/POL_powiat_che%C5%82mski_COA.svg/60px-POL_powiat_che%C5%82mski_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/POL_powiat_che%C5%82mski_COA.svg/80px-POL_powiat_che%C5%82mski_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural gminas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Bia%C5%82opole" title="Gmina Białopole">Gmina Białopole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Che%C5%82m" title="Gmina Chełm">Gmina Chełm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Dorohusk" title="Gmina Dorohusk">Gmina Dorohusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Dubienka" title="Gmina Dubienka">Gmina Dubienka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Kamie%C5%84,_Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Gmina Kamień, Lublin Voivodeship">Gmina Kamień</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Le%C5%9Bniowice" title="Gmina Leśniowice">Gmina Leśniowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Rejowiec" title="Gmina Rejowiec">Gmina Rejowiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Rejowiec_Fabryczny" title="Gmina Rejowiec Fabryczny">Gmina Rejowiec Fabryczny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Ruda-Huta" title="Gmina Ruda-Huta">Gmina Ruda-Huta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Sawin" title="Gmina Sawin">Gmina Sawin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Siedliszcze" title="Gmina Siedliszcze">Gmina Siedliszcze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Wierzbica,_Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Gmina Wierzbica, Lublin Voivodeship">Gmina Wierzbica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Wojs%C5%82awice" title="Gmina Wojsławice">Gmina Wojsławice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_%C5%BBmud%C5%BA" title="Gmina Żmudź">Gmina Żmudź</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat (not part of the county)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chełm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234184#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234184#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234184#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125144814485282630585">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chełm"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5298105-8">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chełm (Polsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge181918&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a5aed6e5-d69b-480b-bdd2-0c9dd9d8a525">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\K\H\Kholm">Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chełm&oldid=1252408827">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chełm&oldid=1252408827</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Che%C5%82m" title="Category:Chełm">Chełm</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Category:Cities and towns in Lublin Voivodeship">Cities and towns in Lublin Voivodeship</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_with_powiat_rights" title="Category:Cities with powiat rights">Cities with powiat rights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:City_counties_of_Poland" title="Category:City counties of Poland">City counties of Poland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Holocaust_locations_in_Poland" title="Category:Holocaust locations in Poland">Holocaust locations in Poland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia" title="Category:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia">Massacres of Poles in Volhynia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_riverside_places_in_Poland" title="Category:Populated riverside places in Poland">Populated riverside places in 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