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Legal status of the State of Palestine - Wikipedia
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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declaration_and_Act_of_State_Doctrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Declaration and Act of State Doctrine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Declaration_and_Act_of_State_Doctrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consequences_of_the_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consequences_of_the_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Consequences of the occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consequences_of_the_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decisions_of_international_and_national_tribunals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decisions_of_international_and_national_tribunals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decisions of international and national tribunals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decisions_of_international_and_national_tribunals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>State succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinions_of_officials_and_legal_scholars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinions_of_officials_and_legal_scholars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Opinions of officials and legal scholars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinions_of_officials_and_legal_scholars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> 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Palestine on November 15, 1988. As of June 2024, the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> is recognized as a sovereign state by 145 of the 193 <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">member states of the United Nations</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">non-member observer state</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> since November 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This limited status is largely due to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, a permanent member of the Security Council with veto power, has consistently used its veto or threatened to do so to block Palestine’s full membership to UN.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The existence of a state of Palestine is recognized by the states that have established bilateral diplomatic relations with it.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boyle_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyle-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DugardOpEd_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DugardOpEd-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a wide range of views on the legal status of the State of Palestine, both among international states and legal scholars. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statehood_for_the_purposes_of_the_UN_Charter">Statehood for the purposes of the UN Charter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Statehood for the purposes of the UN Charter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO) had been recognized as "sole legitimate representative of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian people</a>," competent on all matters concerning the question of Palestine by the UN General Assembly in addition to the right of the Palestinian people in Palestine to national independence and sovereignty, and was granted <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers#Palestine" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">observer status</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> as a "non-state entity", from 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-GA3237_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GA3237-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In mid-November 2011, the PLO submitted an official application to become a <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">full member of the UN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNStatehoodBid2011_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNStatehoodBid2011-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A successful application would require approval from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a> and a two-thirds majority in the UN General Assembly. However, the Security Council's membership committee deadlocked on the issue and had been "unable to make a unanimous recommendation to the Security Council".<sup id="cite_ref-UNStatehoodBid2011Rejected2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNStatehoodBid2011Rejected2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report was the result of seven weeks of meetings, detailing myriad disagreements between the council members on whether Palestine fulfills the requirements set forth in the U.N. charter for members countries.<sup id="cite_ref-UNStatehoodBid2011Rejected_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNStatehoodBid2011Rejected-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With their application for full membership stalled, the PLO sought an upgrade in status, from "observer entity" to "non-member observer state". In November 2012, UN General Assembly accepted the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution_67/19" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19">resolution</a> upgrading Palestine to "non-member observer state" within the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_system" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations system">United Nations system</a>, reasserting PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people.<sup id="cite_ref-UNStatehoodBid2012accepted_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNStatehoodBid2012accepted-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The UN Charter protects the territorial integrity or political independence of any state from the threat or use of force. <a href="/wiki/Philip_Jessup" title="Philip Jessup">Philip Jessup</a> served as a representative of the United States to the United Nations and as a Judge on the International Court of Justice. During the Security Council hearings regarding Israel's application for membership in the UN, he said:</p><blockquote><p>"[W]e already have, among the members of the United Nations, some political entities which do not possess full sovereign power to form their own international policy, which traditionally has been considered characteristic of a State. We know however, that neither at San Francisco nor subsequently has the United Nations considered that complete freedom to frame and manage one's own foreign policy was an essential requisite of United Nations membership.... ...The reason for which I mention the qualification of this aspect of the traditional definition of a State is to underline the point that the term "State", as used and applied in Article 4 of the Charter of the United Nations, may not be wholly identical with the term "State" as it is used and defined in classic textbooks on international law."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Riyad_al-Maliki" title="Riyad al-Maliki">Riyad al-Maliki</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Minister_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Foreign Minister</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>, provided proof that Palestine had been extended legal recognition as a state by 67 other countries, and had bilateral agreements with states in Latin America, Asia, Africa and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Declaration_and_Act_of_State_Doctrine">Declaration and Act of State Doctrine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Declaration and Act of State Doctrine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">Many states</a> have recognized the State of Palestine since 1988. Under the principles of customary international law, when a government is recognized by another government, recognition is retroactive in effect, and validates all the actions and conduct of the government so recognized from the commencement of its existence.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stephen Talmon notes that many countries have a formal policy of recognizing states, not their governments. In practice, they usually make no formal declarations regarding recognition. He cites several examples including a memorandum on US recognition policy and practice, dated 25 September 1981, which said that recognition would be implied by the US government's dealings with the new government.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many countries have expressed their intention to enter into relations with the State of Palestine. The US formally recognized the West Bank and Gaza Strip as "one area for political, economic, legal and other purposes" in 1997 at the request of the Palestinian Authority. At that time, it asked the public to take notice of that fact through announcements it placed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a></i>, the official journal of the US government.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The USAID West Bank/Gaza,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been tasked with "state-building" projects in the areas of democracy, governance, resources, and infrastructure. Part of the USAID mission is to "provide flexible and discrete support for implementation of the Quartet Road Map",<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an internationally backed plan which calls for the progressive development of a viable Palestinian State in the West Bank and Gaza. The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) has announced similar external relations programs with the Palestinian Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The view of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European states</a>, which did not extend full recognition was expressed by <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> who stated: "Many European countries are not ready to recognize a Palestine state. Others think that between recognition and non-recognition there are significant degrees; I am among these."<sup id="cite_ref-quigley2009_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quigley2009-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, after the PLO recognized the state of Israel, Mitterrand welcomed the PLO leader, Yasser Arafat, in Paris, in May 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consequences_of_the_occupation">Consequences of the occupation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Consequences of the occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barrier_Gate_at_Bilin_Palestine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Barrier_Gate_at_Bilin_Palestine.jpg/220px-Barrier_Gate_at_Bilin_Palestine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Barrier_Gate_at_Bilin_Palestine.jpg/330px-Barrier_Gate_at_Bilin_Palestine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Barrier_Gate_at_Bilin_Palestine.jpg/440px-Barrier_Gate_at_Bilin_Palestine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A barrier gate at <a href="/wiki/Bil%27in" title="Bil'in">Bil'in</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>After 1967, a number of legal arguments were advanced which dismissed the right of Palestinians to self-determination and statehood. They generally proposed that Palestine was a land void of a legitimate sovereign and supported Israeli claims to the remaining territory of the Palestine Mandate.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian and journalist <a href="/wiki/Gershom_Gorenberg" title="Gershom Gorenberg">Gershom Gorenberg</a> says that outside of the pro-settlement community in Israel, these positions are considered quirky. He says that, while the Israeli government has used them for <a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">PR</a> purposes abroad, it takes entirely different positions when arguing real legal cases before the Israeli Supreme Court. In 2005 Israel decided to dismantle all Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip and four in the northern West Bank. Gorenberg notes, the government's decision was challenged in the Supreme Court by settlers, and the government won the case by noting the settlements were in territory whose legal status was that of 'belligerent territory'. The government argued that the settlers should have known the settlements were only temporary.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most UN member states questioned the claim that Israel held better title to the land than the inhabitants, and stressed that statehood was an inalienable right of the Palestinian people.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legal experts, like David John Ball, concluded that "the Palestinians, based on the principles of self-determination and the power of the U.N., appear to hold better title to the territory."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The International Court of Justice subsequently reaffirmed the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination and the prohibition under customary and conventional international law against acquisition of territory by war. </p><p>The Israeli Supreme Court, sitting as the High Court of Justice, cited a case involving the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">disengagement from Gaza</a> and said that "The Judea and Samaria areas are held by the State of Israel in belligerent occupation. The long arm of the state in the area is the military commander. He is not the sovereign in the territory held in belligerent occupation. His power is granted him by public international law regarding belligerent occupation. The legal meaning of this view is twofold: first, Israeli law does not apply in these areas. They have not been "annexed" to Israel. Second, the legal regime which applies in these areas is determined by public international law regarding belligerent occupation."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The court said that most Israelis in Gaza did not own the land they built on there. "They acquired their rights from the military commander, or from persons acting on his behalf. Neither the military commander nor those acting on his behalf are owners of the property, and they cannot transfer rights better than those they have. To the extent that the Israelis built their homes and assets on land which is not private ('state land'), that land is not owned by the military commander. His authority is defined in regulation 55 of <i>The Hague Regulations</i>. [...] The State of Israel acts [...] as the administrator of the state property and as <a href="/wiki/Usufruct" title="Usufruct">usufructuary</a> of it."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decisions_of_international_and_national_tribunals">Decisions of international and national tribunals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decisions of international and national tribunals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The U.S. State Department <i>Digest of International Law</i> says that the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a> provided for the application of the principles of <a href="/wiki/State_succession" class="mw-redirect" title="State succession">state succession</a> to the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate#Class_A_mandates" title="League of Nations mandate">"A" Mandates</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a> in 1920 provisionally recognized the former Ottoman communities as independent nations. It also required Germany to recognize the disposition of the former Ottoman territories and to recognize the new states laid down within their boundaries. The Treaty of Lausanne required the newly created states that acquired the territory to pay annuities on the Ottoman public debt, and to assume responsibility for the administration of concessions that had been granted by the Ottomans. A dispute regarding the status of the territories was settled by an Arbitrator appointed by the Council of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>. It was decided that Palestine and Transjordan were newly created states according to the terms of the applicable post-war treaties. In its <i>Judgment No. 5, The Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_International_Justice" title="Permanent Court of International Justice">Permanent Court of International Justice</a> also decided that Palestine was responsible as the successor state for concessions granted by Ottoman authorities. The Courts of Palestine and Great Britain decided that title to the properties shown on the Ottoman Civil list had been ceded to the government of Palestine as an allied successor state.<sup id="cite_ref-Whiteman_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whiteman-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_succession">State succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: State succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A legal analysis by the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> noted that the <a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">Covenant of the League of Nations</a> had provisionally recognized the communities of Mandate Palestine as independent nations. The mandate simply marked a transitory period, with the aim and object of leading the mandated territory to become an independent self-governing State.<sup id="cite_ref-OrmsbyGore_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OrmsbyGore-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Court said that specific guarantees regarding freedom of movement and access to the Holy Sites contained in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin (1878)</a> had been preserved under the terms of the Palestine Mandate and a chapter of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a separate opinion, Judge Higgins argued that since <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">United Nations Security Council Resolution 242</a> in 1967 to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1515" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1515">resolution 1515</a> in 2003, the "key underlying requirements" have been that "Israel is entitled to exist, to be recognized, and to security, and that the Palestinian people are entitled to their territory, to exercise self-determination, and to have their own State", with resolution 1515 endorsing the <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road map for peace</a> proposed by the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Quartet" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East Quartet">Middle East Quartet</a>, as a means to achieve these obligations through negotiation.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article 62 (LXII) of the Treaty of Berlin, 13 July 1878<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dealt with religious freedom and civil and political rights in all parts of the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The guarantees have frequently been referred to as "religious rights" or "minority rights". However, the guarantees included a prohibition against discrimination in civil and political matters. Difference of religion could not be alleged against any person as a ground for exclusion or incapacity in matters relating to the enjoyment of civil or political rights, admission to public employments, functions, and honors, or the exercise of the various professions and industries, "in any locality whatsoever." </p><p>The resolution of the San Remo Conference contained a safeguarding clause for all of those rights. The conference accepted the terms of the Mandate with reference to Palestine, on the understanding that there was inserted in the process-verbal a legal undertaking by the Mandatory Power that it would not involve the surrender of the rights hitherto enjoyed by the non-Jewish communities in Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The draft mandates for Mesopotamia and Palestine, and all of the post-war peace treaties contained clauses for the protection of minorities. The mandates invoked the compulsory jurisdiction of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the event of any disputes.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article 28 of the Mandate required that those rights be safeguarded in perpetuity, under international guarantee.<sup id="cite_ref-OrmsbyGore_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OrmsbyGore-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The General Assembly's <i>Plan for the Future Government of Palestine</i> placed those rights under UN protection as part of a <a href="/wiki/Minority_Treaties" title="Minority Treaties">minority protection plan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It required that they be acknowledged in a Declaration, embodied in the fundamental laws of the states, and in their Constitutions. The partition plan also contained provisions that bound the new states to international agreements and conventions to which Palestine had become a party and held them responsible for its financial obligations.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Declarations of the Independent State of Israel and the Independent State of Palestine acknowledged the protected rights and were accepted as being in line with UN resolution 181(II).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinions_of_officials_and_legal_scholars">Opinions of officials and legal scholars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Opinions of officials and legal scholars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jacob Robinson was a legal advisor to the United Nations delegation of the Jewish Agency for Palestine during the special session of the General Assembly in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He advised the Zionist Executive that the provisional states had come into existence as a result of the resolution of 29 November 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-Kassim_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kassim-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 279">: 279 </span></sup> </p><p>L.C. Green explained that "recognition of statehood is a matter of discretion, it is open to any existing state to accept as a state any entity it wishes, regardless of the existence of territory or an established government."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alex Takkenberg writes that while "there is no doubt that the entity 'Palestine' should be considered a state <i><a href="/wiki/In_statu_nascendi" class="mw-redirect" title="In statu nascendi">in statu nascendi</a></i> and although it is increasingly likely that the ongoing peace process will eventually culminate in the establishment of a Palestinian state, it is premature to conclude that statehood, as defined by international law, is at present (spring 1997) firmly established."<sup id="cite_ref-Takkenbergp181_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takkenbergp181-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Referring to the four criteria of statehood, as outlined in the 1933 <a href="/wiki/Montevideo_Convention" title="Montevideo Convention">Montevideo Convention</a> – that is, a permanent population, a defined territory, government and the capacity to enter into relations with other states – Takkenberg states that the entity known as Palestine does not fully satisfy these criteria.<sup id="cite_ref-Takkenbergp181_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takkenbergp181-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conversely John V. Whitbeck, who served as an advisor to the Palestinian negotiation team during negotiations with Israel, writes that "the State of Palestine already exists," and that when, "Judged by these customary criteria [those of the Montevideo Convention], the State of Palestine is on at least as firm a legal footing as the State of Israel." He continues: "The weak link in Palestine's claim to already exist as a state was, until recently, the fourth criterion, "effective control... Yet a Palestinian executive and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">legislature</a>, democratically elected with the enthusiastic approval of the international community, now exercises 'effective control' over a portion of Palestinian territory in which the great majority of the state's population lives. It can no longer be seriously argued that Palestine's claim to exist falls at the fourth and final hurdle."<sup id="cite_ref-Whitbeck_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitbeck-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/John_Quigley_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Quigley (academic)">John Quigley</a>, Palestine's existence as a state predates the 1988 declaration. Tracing Palestine's status as an international entity back to the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, he recalls that the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Palestine" title="Mandate for Palestine">Palestine Mandate</a>, an arrangement made under Article 22 of the Covenant of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>, held as its "ultimate objective", the "<a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> and independence of the people concerned." He says that in explicitly referring to the Covenant, the 1988 declaration was reaffirming an existing Palestinian statehood.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noting that Palestine under the Mandate entered into <a href="/wiki/Bilateral_treaty" title="Bilateral treaty">bilateral treaties</a>, including one with <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, the Mandatory power, he cites this as an example of its "sovereignty" at that time. He also notes the corollary of the <a href="/wiki/Stimson_Doctrine" title="Stimson Doctrine">Stimson Doctrine</a> and the customary prohibition on the use of force contained in the Restatement of Foreign Relations Law of the United States, "[a]n entity does not necessarily cease to be a state even if all of its territory has been occupied by a foreign power".<sup id="cite_ref-quigley2009_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quigley2009-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Robert Weston Ash says that Quigley's analysis of the declaration that the Palestinian Authority provided to the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> failed to explain a number of key issues. He says the "Palestinian people" to whom sovereignty reverted upon the departure of the British would have included both Jews and Arabs. He suggests that establishes a colorable Jewish —as well as Arab — claim to all of Palestine which tends to refute Professor Quigley's contention that there are no other claimants to that territory. Ash says there are segments of Israeli society that continue to view "Judea and Samaria" as areas promised to the Jews by the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a> and says that the Geneva Convention is not applicable to Israel's presence in those territories. He cites <a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Blum" class="mw-redirect" title="Yehuda Blum">Yehuda Blum</a>'s "Missing Reversioner" and <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Rostow" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Rostow">Eugene Rostow</a>'s related claim that "The right of the Jewish people to settle in Palestine has never been terminated for the West Bank." He also notes that 'the terms of the Interim Agreement prohibit both Israel and the PA from “initiat[ing] or tak[ing] any step that will change the status of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip'.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quigley has said that the International Court of Justice findings in the "Wall" case regarding the applicability of the Geneva Convention discredited once and for all, as a legal matter, the "missing reversioner" argument.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The International Criminal Court has published a summary of arguments which says that some submissions consider that it is clear that the Palestinian National Authority cannot be regarded as a "State", and that some submit that Palestine is recognized as a State by many States and many institutions. The Court says that a conclusive determination on Palestine's declaration will have to be made by the judges at an appropriate moment.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such experts as Daniel Benoliel, Ronen Perry and Nicholas Stephanopoulos,<sup id="cite_ref-BenolielPerry2009_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BenolielPerry2009-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dore_Gold" title="Dore Gold">Dore Gold</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gold2010_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gold2010-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Shaw_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Shaw (academic)">Malcolm Shaw</a><sup id="cite_ref-Shaw2010_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw2010-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also consider Palestinian declaration of independence as a violation of the Oslo Accords. </p><p>Disputes have arisen as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_laws" title="Conflict of laws">Conflict of laws</a> between the Palestinian Authority and Israel. Judgments originating in Israeli Courts are not directly enforceable in the Courts of the Palestinian Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The District Court of Israel ruled that the Palestinian Authority satisfied the criteria to be legally treated as a sovereign state<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ruling was appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a> which ruled that the Palestinian Authority cannot be defined as a foreign state, since recognizing states is an exclusive authority of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Supreme Court held that the Palestinian Authority can be granted state immunity on an ad hoc basis when it is warranted by the circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Knesset responded to the willingness of the judges to engage in examination of the notion of 'statehood for the purpose of state immunity' by adopting a measure that makes it possible to grant sovereign immunity to a 'political entity that is not a state' as part of the 2008 Foreign States Immunity Law, Art. 20.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stefan Talmon notes that "In international law it is true that one generally recognizes the Government which exercises effective control over a territory. But this is not an absolute rule without exceptions."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James Crawford notes that despite its prevalence, and inclusion in the statehood criteria found in the Montevideo Convention, effectiveness is not the sole or even the critical criterion for statehood. He cites several examples of annexations and governments that have been recognized despite their lack of a territorial foothold.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu recently expressed a willingness to recognize the State of Palestine if it will agree to forgo taking effective control of its airspace, military defense, and not enter into alliances with Israel's enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2009, Palestinian officials were reported to be preparing the ground for asking for recognition of a Palestinian State from the <a href="/wiki/Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Security Council">Security Council</a>. The state was envisioned to be based on the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a> as an international border with Israel and East Jerusalem as its capital. The plan was reported to have support from Arab states, Russia and the UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Secretary General said "Today, the State of Israel exists, but the State of Palestine does not." "It is vital that a sovereign State of Palestine is achieved". "This should be on the basis of the 1967 lines with agreed land swaps and a just and agreed solution to the refugee issue."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 January 2010, the representative of Palestine deposited a copy of a letter submitted by Prime Minister Fayyad with the UN Secretary-General. The letter reported on the decree issued by <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a>, "President of the State of Palestine", concerning the formation of an independent commission to follow up on the Goldstone report in compliance with General Assembly resolution 64/10 of 5 November 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paul De Waart says that the Quartet, particularly the United States, as well as western states, do not consider Palestine to be a state as yet. In their view the statehood of Palestine will be the result of bilateral negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian people. He says they have overlooked that under international law it is not anymore a question of creating but of recognizing the State of Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israeli legal expert Ruth Lapidoth said the Palestinians have already unilaterally declared statehood, and they did not need to do it again. "Recognition of statehood is a political act, and every state has the right to decide for itself whether to recognize another state."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President Abbas said that the State of Palestine was already in existence and that the current battle is to have the state's border recognized.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jerome Segal wrote about Salam Fayyad's plan for Palestinian statehood. He said lest anyone believe that the 1988 declaration is ancient history, they should read the new Fayyad plan with more care. It cites the 1988 declaration four times, identifying it as having articulated "the foundations of the Palestinian state."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2010, the World Bank released a report which found the Palestinian Authority "well-positioned to establish a state" at any point in the near future. The report highlighted, however, that unless private-sector growth in the Palestinian economy was stimulated, a Palestinian state would remain donor dependent.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2011, the UN's co-ordinator for the Middle East peace process issued a report lauding the Palestinian Authority, describing "aspects of its administration as sufficient for an independent state."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KershnerNYT_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KershnerNYT-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It echoed similar assessments published the week prior by the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KershnerNYT_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KershnerNYT-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimacy of Israel">Legitimacy of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_exist" title="Right to exist">Right to exist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Status of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_territories_occupied_by_Israel_in_1967" title="Status of territories occupied by Israel in 1967">Status of territories occupied by Israel in 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_integrity" title="Territorial integrity">Territorial integrity</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> This is an out right Lie! <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/67/L.28">United Nations A/67/L.28 General Assembly</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121201102703/http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A%2F67%2FL.28">Archived</a> 1 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 26 November 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-statehood-idUSBRE8AR0EG20121129">"Palestinians win implicit U.N. recognition of sovereign state"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 29 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Palestinians+win+implicit+U.N.+recognition+of+sovereign+state&rft.date=2012-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-palestinians-statehood-idUSBRE8AR0EG20121129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.un.org/en/2024/sc15670.doc.htm">"Security Council Fails to Recommend Full United Nations Membership for State of Palestine, Owing to Veto Cast by United States | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases"</a>. <i>press.un.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423110923/https://press.un.org/en/2024/sc15670.doc.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=press.un.org&rft.atitle=Security+Council+Fails+to+Recommend+Full+United+Nations+Membership+for+State+of+Palestine%2C+Owing+to+Veto+Cast+by+United+States+%7C+Meetings+Coverage+and+Press+Releases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.un.org%2Fen%2F2024%2Fsc15670.doc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/un-resolution-palestinians-membership-rights-us-assembly-875560e897f27d6600090420f36404e4">"UN assembly approves resolution granting Palestine new rights and reviving its UN membership bid"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 10 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=UN+assembly+approves+resolution+granting+Palestine+new+rights+and+reviving+its+UN+membership+bid&rft.date=2024-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fun-resolution-palestinians-membership-rights-us-assembly-875560e897f27d6600090420f36404e4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorger2024" class="citation news cs1">Borger, Julian (18 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/18/us-veto-palestine-membership-request-united-nations-council">"US vetoes Palestinian request for full UN membership"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=US+vetoes+Palestinian+request+for+full+UN+membership&rft.date=2024-04-18&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Borger&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2024%2Fapr%2F18%2Fus-veto-palestine-membership-request-united-nations-council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Segal, Jerome M., Chapter 9, "The State of Palestine, The Question of Existence", in Philosophical perspectives on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Tomis Kapitan editor, M.E. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NY+Times&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Bid+for+U.N.+Membership+Faces+Near-Certain+Defeat&rft.date=2011-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F11%2F09%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fpalestinians-united-nations-bid-faces-near-certain-defeat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNStatehoodBid2011Rejected-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNStatehoodBid2011Rejected_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKreverVaccarello2011" class="citation web cs1">Krever, Mick; Vaccarello, Joe (11 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2011/11/11/world/meast/un-palestinians/index.html">"With Security Council report, Palestinian statehood bid stalled at U.N."</a> CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306170733/http://articles.cnn.com/2011-11-11/middleeast/world_meast_un-palestinians_1_palestinian-statehood-bid-riyad-mansour-security-council?_s=PM%3AMIDDLEEAST">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=With+Security+Council+report%2C+Palestinian+statehood+bid+stalled+at+U.N.&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.aulast=Krever&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft.au=Vaccarello%2C+Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2011%2F11%2F11%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Fun-palestinians%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNStatehoodBid2012accepted-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNStatehoodBid2012accepted_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-defies-un-after-vote-on-palestine-with-plans-for-3000-new-homes-in-the-west-bank-8372494.html">"Israel defies UN after vote on Palestine with plans for 3,000 new homes in the West Bank"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 1 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Israel+defies+UN+after+vote+on+Palestine+with+plans+for+3%2C000+new+homes+in+the+West+Bank&rft.date=2012-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-defies-un-after-vote-on-palestine-with-plans-for-3000-new-homes-in-the-west-bank-8372494.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=S/PV.383">"See page 12 of S/PV.383, 2 December 1948"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 9 September 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=See+page+12+of+S%2FPV.383%2C+2+December+1948&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2002-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDocs%2Fjournal%2Fasp%2Fws.asp%3Fm%3DS%2FPV.383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140616040333/http://www.sundayszaman.com/newsDetail.action;jsessionid=VMc0TL5LNuKoWnohMmW5bZJc?newsId=169152&columnistId=0">"ICC Prosecutor Considers 'Gaza War Crimes' Probe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Today%27s_Zaman" title="Today's Zaman">Today's Zaman</a></i>. 10 March 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sundayszaman.com/newsDetail.action;jsessionid=VMc0TL5LNuKoWnohMmW5bZJc?newsId=169152&columnistId=0">the original</a> on 16 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Today%27s+Zaman&rft.atitle=ICC+Prosecutor+Considers+%27Gaza+War+Crimes%27+Probe&rft.date=2009-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sundayszaman.com%2FnewsDetail.action%3Bjsessionid%3DVMc0TL5LNuKoWnohMmW5bZJc%3FnewsId%3D169152%26columnistId%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example "The Restatement (Third) Foreign Relations Law of the United States, § 443 "The Act of State Doctrine", Commentary a., RN 3; or <i>Oetjen v. Cent.Leather Co.</i>, 246 U.S. 297, 303 (1918)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://supreme.justia.com/us/246/297/case.html">[1]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talmon, 1998, pp. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1997-03-14/pdf/97-6434.pdf">"See the explanatory note in T.D. 97–16"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=See+the+explanatory+note+in+T.D.+97%E2%80%9316&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FFR-1997-03-14%2Fpdf%2F97-6434.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPortal_homepagen.d." class="citation web cs1">Portal homepage (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091009120535/http://www.usaid.gov/wbg/home.html">"USAID West Bank/Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">US Agency for International Development</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usaid.gov/wbg/home.html">the original</a> on 9 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USAID+West+Bank%2FGaza&rft.pub=US+Agency+for+International+Development&rft.au=Portal+homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usaid.gov%2Fwbg%2Fhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090727093624/http://www.usaid.gov/policy/budget/cbj2005/ane/pdf/294-001.pdf">"Data Sheet – West Bank and Gaza – Private Sector Development – Strategic Objective: 294–001"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">US Agency for International Development</a>. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usaid.gov/policy/budget/cbj2005/ane/pdf/294-001.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Data+Sheet+%E2%80%93+West+Bank+and+Gaza+%E2%80%93+Private+Sector+Development+%E2%80%93+Strategic+Objective%3A+294%E2%80%93001&rft.pub=US+Agency+for+International+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usaid.gov%2Fpolicy%2Fbudget%2Fcbj2005%2Fane%2Fpdf%2F294-001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/589&format=HTML&aged=0&language=en&guiLanguage=en">"How is the European Commission responding to the needs of the Palestinians"</a>. <i>EUROPA Press releases database</i>. <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. 17 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110124014919/http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO%2F07%2F589&format=HTML&aged=0&language=en&guiLanguage=en">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUROPA+Press+releases+database&rft.atitle=How+is+the+European+Commission+responding+to+the+needs+of+the+Palestinians&rft.date=2007-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Frapid%2FpressReleasesAction.do%3Freference%3DMEMO%2F07%2F589%26format%3DHTML%26aged%3D0%26language%3Den%26guiLanguage%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quigley2009-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quigley2009_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quigley2009_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuigley,_John2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Quigley_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Quigley (academic)">Quigley, John</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawrecord.com/files/35_Rutgers_L_Rec_1.pdf">"The Palestine Declaration to the International Criminal Court: The Statehood Issue"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Rutgers Law Record</i>. <b>35</b>. <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_School_of_Law%E2%80%93Newark" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers School of Law–Newark">Rutgers School of Law</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rutgers+Law+Record&rft.atitle=The+Palestine+Declaration+to+the+International+Criminal+Court%3A+The+Statehood+Issue&rft.volume=35&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Quigley%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawrecord.com%2Ffiles%2F35_Rutgers_L_Rec_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Filiu" title="Jean-Pierre Filiu">Filiu, Jean-Pierre</a> (Winter 2009). "Mitterrand and the Palestinians". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies" title="Journal of Palestine Studies">Journal of Palestine Studies</a></i>. <b>150</b>. p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yehuda Z. Blum, The Missing Reversioner: Reflections on the Status of Judea and Samaria, 3 ISR. L. REV. 279, 289–90 (1968)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eugene V. Rostow, "Palestinian Self-Determination": Possible Futures for the Unallocated Territories of the Palestine Mandate, 5 YALE J. WORLD PUB. ORD. 147 (1980)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Gershom Gorenberg, The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967–1977, Macmillan, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-8241-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-8241-7">0-8050-8241-7</a>, page 363 and South Jerusalem On Settlement Legality, 24 November 2008 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://southjerusalem.com/2008/11/on-settlement-legality-with-thanks-to-our-readers/">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/dpa/qpal/committee.htm">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ball, David John, 79 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 990 (2004), Toss the Travaux – Application of the Fourth Geneva Convention to the Middle East Conflict – A Modern (Re)Assessment</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFBarak2005">Barak 2005</a>, pp. 8–9) (internal citations and emphasis omitted).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFBarak2005">Barak 2005</a>, p. 17) (quoting the decision in <i>The Gaza Coast Regional Council v. The Knesset et al.</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whiteman-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whiteman_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Marjorie M. Whiteman, Digest of International Law, vol. 1, U.S. State Department (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963) pp 650–652</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OrmsbyGore-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OrmsbyGore_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OrmsbyGore_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the Statement of the Principal Accredited Representative, Hon. W. <a href="/wiki/William_Ormsby-Gore,_4th_Baron_Harlech" title="William Ormsby-Gore, 4th Baron Harlech">W. Ormsby-Gore</a>, C.330.M.222, Mandate for Palestine – Minutes of the Permanent Mandates Commission/League of Nations 32nd session, 18 August 1937, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110603232945/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0145a8233e14d2b585256cbf005af141/fd05535118aef0de052565ed0065ddf7?OpenDocument">"Mandate for Palestine - Minutes of the Permanent Mandates Commission/LoN 32nd session (18 August 1937)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0145a8233e14d2b585256cbf005af141/fd05535118aef0de052565ed0065ddf7?OpenDocument">the original</a> on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mandate+for+Palestine+-+Minutes+of+the+Permanent+Mandates+Commission%2FLoN+32nd+session+%2818+August+1937%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0145a8233e14d2b585256cbf005af141%2Ffd05535118aef0de052565ed0065ddf7%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See paragraphs 49, 70, and 129 of the International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706021237/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Ffiles%2F131%2F1671.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Waart2005" class="citation journal cs1">De Waart, Paul J. I. M. (2005). "International Court of Justice Firmly Walled in the Law of Power in the Israeli–Palestinian Peace Process". <i>Leiden Journal of International Law</i>. <b>18</b> (3): 467–487. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0922156505002839">10.1017/S0922156505002839</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145200652">145200652</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leiden+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=International+Court+of+Justice+Firmly+Walled+in+the+Law+of+Power+in+the+Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian+Peace+Process&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=467-487&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0922156505002839&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145200652%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=De+Waart&rft.aufirst=Paul+J.+I.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the Judgment in "Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory", paragraph 18 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110112025712/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1681.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1681.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fdocket%2Ffiles%2F131%2F1681.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1878berlin.html">"See Article 62 (LXII) of the Treaty of Berlin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=See+Article+62+%28LXII%29+of+the+Treaty+of+Berlin&rft.pub=Fordham+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fmod%2F1878berlin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fink, Carol (2006). <i>Defending the Rights of Others</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-02994-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-02994-5">0-521-02994-5</a>. p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, The Paris Peace Conference, 1919, p. 94 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1919Parisv13&isize=M&submit=Go+to+page&page=94">[4]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Summary of the work of the League of Nations, January 1920 – March 1922, League of Nations Union, 1922, p. 4 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/summaryofworkofl00leagiala">[5]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It was cataloged during a review of Minority Rights Treaties conducted in 1950: see UN Document E/CN.4/367, 7 April 1950. UN GAR 181(II) is also listed in the Table of Treaties, starting at Page xxxviii, of Self-determination and National Minorities, Oxford Monographs in International Law, Thomas D. Musgrave, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-829898-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-829898-6">0-19-829898-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See UN GA Resolution 181(II), 29 November 1947, Section C., Chapters 1–4 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm">"The Avalon Project : UN General Assembly Resolution 181"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm">the original</a> on 29 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Avalon+Project+%3A+UN+General+Assembly+Resolution+181&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Flawweb%2Favalon%2Fun%2Fres181.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mr Eban acknowledged the undertakings contained in resolution 181(II) and 194(III) with regard to religious and minority rights and the internationalization of Jerusalem during the Ad Hoc Committee hearings on Israel's application for membership in the United Nations. His declarations and explanations were noted in text of General Assembly resolution 273 (III), 11 May 1949, and UN documents A/AC.24/SR.45, 48, 50 and 51; The fact that Declaration of the State of Palestine, supplied by the Palestine National Council, was accepted as being in line with General Assembly resolution 181(II) was noted in General Assembly resolution 43/177, 15 December 1988.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See The Life, Times and Work of Jokubas Robinzonas – Jacob Robinson <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/termine/id=8048">[6]</a>; and Palestine and the United Nations: prelude to solution, By Jacob Robinson, <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Press">Greenwood Press</a> reprint; New ed of 1947 ed edition (28 September 1971), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8371-5986-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8371-5986-5">0-8371-5986-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kassim-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kassim_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kassim, 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <i>Israel Yearbook on Human Rights</i>, 1989, Yoram Dinstein, Mala Tabory eds., <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Nijhoff_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinus Nijhoff Publishers">Martinus Nijhoff Publishers</a>, 1990, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7923-0450-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7923-0450-0">0-7923-0450-0</a>, pp. 135-136 <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5okNqth8I9wC&pg=PA135">[7]</a></i>, p. 135, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Takkenbergp181-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Takkenbergp181_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Takkenbergp181_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Takkenberg, 1998, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitbeck-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitbeck_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pij.org/details.php?id=544">"The Palestinian State Exists"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Israel_Journal" title="Palestine–Israel Journal">Palestine–Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture</a></i>. <b>3</b> (2). 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palestine%E2%80%93Israel+Journal+of+Politics%2C+Economics+and+Culture&rft.atitle=The+Palestinian+State+Exists&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pij.org%2Fdetails.php%3Fid%3D544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Silverburg, Sanford R. (2002). <i>Palestine and International Law: Essays on Politics and Economics</i>. Jefferson, North Carolina: <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-1191-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-1191-0">0-7864-1191-0</a>. pp. 37–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsh2009" class="citation journal cs1">Ash, Robert Weston (Fall 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawrecord.com/files/36_Rutgers_L_Rec_186.pdf">"Is Palestine a "State"? A Response to Professor John Quigley's article, "The Palestine Declaration to the International Criminal Court: The Statehood Issue"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Rutgers Law Record</i>. Legal Implications of Operation Cast Lead, Part 2. <b>36</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_School_of_Law%E2%80%93Newark" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers School of Law–Newark">Rutgers School of Law</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120407002758/http://lawrecord.com/files/36_Rutgers_L_Rec_186.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rutgers+Law+Record&rft.atitle=Is+Palestine+a+%22State%22%3F+A+Response+to+Professor+John+Quigley%27s+article%2C+%22The+Palestine+Declaration+to+the+International+Criminal+Court%3A+The+Statehood+Issue%22&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Ash&rft.aufirst=Robert+Weston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawrecord.com%2Ffiles%2F36_Rutgers_L_Rec_186.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkramQuigleyBadgerGoskor2004" class="citation news cs1">Akram, Susan; <a href="/wiki/John_Quigley_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Quigley (academic)">Quigley, John</a>; Badger, Elizabeth; Goskor, Rasmus (September 2004). <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Hijab" title="Nadia Hijab">Hijab, Nadia</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thejerusalemfund.org/ht/a/GetDocumentAction/i/3064">"The International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on the Legality of Israel's Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Legal Analysis and Potential Consequences"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Fund" title="The Jerusalem Fund">The Jerusalem Fund</a></i>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/The_Palestine_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Palestine Center">The Palestine Center</a>. p. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100514135535/http://thejerusalemfund.org/ht/a/GetDocumentAction/i/3064">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Fund&rft.atitle=The+International+Court+of+Justice+Advisory+Opinion+on+the+Legality+of+Israel%27s+Wall+in+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territories%3A+Legal+Analysis+and+Potential+Consequences&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2004-09&rft.aulast=Akram&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Quigley%2C+John&rft.au=Badger%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Goskor%2C+Rasmus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthejerusalemfund.org%2Fht%2Fa%2FGetDocumentAction%2Fi%2F3064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the ICC Letter to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, dated 12 January 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/FF55CC8D-3E63-4D3F-B502-1DB2BC4D45FF/281439/LettertoUNHC1.pdf">[8]</a> (PDF).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/74EEE201-0FED-4481-95D4-C8071087102C/279787/QARegistryArticle14.pdf">"See the ICC Questions and Answers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=See+the+ICC+Questions+and+Answers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F74EEE201-0FED-4481-95D4-C8071087102C%2F279787%2FQARegistryArticle14.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BenolielPerry2009-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BenolielPerry2009_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Benoliel_&_Ronen_Perry2009" class="citation web cs1">Daniel Benoliel & Ronen Perry (5 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/553F5F08-2A84-43E9-8197-6211B5636FEA/281910/BPIsraelPalestineandtheICCMay2011.pdf">"ISRAEL, PALESTINE AND THE ICC"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. icc-cpi.int<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2015</span>. <q>per the Oslo Accords neither the Palestinian Authority nor the Hamas government could have proclaimed independence without having acted in violation of the agreement</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISRAEL%2C+PALESTINE+AND+THE+ICC&rft.pub=icc-cpi.int&rft.date=2009-11-05&rft.au=Daniel+Benoliel+%26+Ronen+Perry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F553F5F08-2A84-43E9-8197-6211B5636FEA%2F281910%2FBPIsraelPalestineandtheICCMay2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gold2010-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gold2010_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbassador_Dore_Gold_with_Diane_Morrison2010" class="citation web cs1">Ambassador Dore Gold with Diane Morrison (10 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/553F5F08-2A84-43E9-8197-6211B5636FEA/282527/DoreGold1.pdf">"Discussion on Whether the Declaration Lodged by the Palestinian Authority Meets Statutory Requirements: Historical and Diplomatic Considerations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. icc-cpi.int<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discussion+on+Whether+the+Declaration+Lodged+by+the+Palestinian+Authority+Meets+Statutory+Requirements%3A+Historical+and+Diplomatic+Considerations&rft.pub=icc-cpi.int&rft.date=2010-10-10&rft.au=Ambassador+Dore+Gold+with+Diane+Morrison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F553F5F08-2A84-43E9-8197-6211B5636FEA%2F282527%2FDoreGold1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaw2010-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shaw2010_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Shaw_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Shaw (academic)">Shaw, Malcolm</a> (18 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/553F5F08-2A84-43E9-8197-6211B5636FEA/283639/SupplementaryOpinionMalcolmShaw2010.pdf">"In the Matter of the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court with regard to the Declaration of the Palestinian Authority"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. icc-cpi.int<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+the+Matter+of+the+Jurisdiction+of+the+International+Criminal+Court+with+regard+to+the+Declaration+of+the+Palestinian+Authority&rft.pub=icc-cpi.int&rft.date=2010-10-18&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F553F5F08-2A84-43E9-8197-6211B5636FEA%2F283639%2FSupplementaryOpinionMalcolmShaw2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karayanni, Michael M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://students.law.umich.edu/mjil/article-pdfs/v29n4-karayanni.pdf"><i>The Quest for Creative Jurisdiction: The Evolution of Personal Jurisdiction Doctrine of Israeli Courts Towards the Palestinian Territories</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101001033334/http://students.law.umich.edu/mjil/article-pdfs/v29n4-karayanni.pdf">Archived</a> 1 October 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Elon Moreh College Association v. The State of Israel, 3 April 2006; Mis. Civ. P. (Jer) 1008/06, Elon Moreh College Association v. The State of Israel [3 April 2006]; and Yuval Yoaz, "J'lem court: Palestinian Authority meets criteria to be classed as a sovereign state, Ha'aretz, 24/04/2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=708424">[9]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elyon2.court.gov.il/files/03/600/040/P38/03040600.P38.htm">"The Israeli Supreme Court Ruling in Hebrew"</a>. Elyon2.court.gov.il. 9 December 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Israeli+Supreme+Court+Ruling+in+Hebrew&rft.pub=Elyon2.court.gov.il&rft.date=2004-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felyon2.court.gov.il%2Ffiles%2F03%2F600%2F040%2FP38%2F03040600.P38.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Ronen, Yael "ICC Jurisdiction Over Acts Committed in the Gaza Strip: Article 12(3) of the ICC Statute and Non-State Entities", <i>Journal of International Criminal Justice</i>, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2010, p. 24 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=1530529">[10]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talmon, 1998, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant, 1999, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://enduringamerica.com/2009/06/14/transcript-netanyahu-speech-on-israel-palestine-14-june/">"See Transcript: Netanyahu Speech on Israel-Palestine (14 June 2009)"</a>. Enduringamerica.com. 14 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=See+Transcript%3A+Netanyahu+Speech+on+Israel-Palestine+%2814+June+2009%29&rft.pub=Enduringamerica.com&rft.date=2009-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenduringamerica.com%2F2009%2F06%2F14%2Ftranscript-netanyahu-speech-on-israel-palestine-14-june%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIssacharoff,_Avi2009" class="citation web cs1">Issacharoff, Avi (14 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1128052.html">"PA Negotiator: We May Seek UN Recognition of Palestinian State – A-Sharq Al-Awsat: U.S. Won't Pressure Israel, Palestinians To Renew Peace Talks Unless Both Sides Are Ready"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=PA+Negotiator%3A+We+May+Seek+UN+Recognition+of+Palestinian+State+%E2%80%93+A-Sharq+Al-Awsat%3A+U.S.+Won%27t+Pressure+Israel%2C+Palestinians+To+Renew+Peace+Talks+Unless+Both+Sides+Are+Ready&rft.date=2009-11-14&rft.au=Issacharoff%2C+Avi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F1128052.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120709232450/http://english.cri.cn/6966/2009/12/01/195s532672.htm">"A Sovereign State of Palestine, Vital: UN Chief"</a> (1 December 2009). <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a> (via <a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</a>). Retrieved 27 September 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Report of the Secretary-General, UN Document A/64/651, 4 February 2010 para 5 and Annex II <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://unispal.un.org/pdfs/A64651.pdf">[11]</a> (PDF).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">International symposium ICJ and Israel's Wall, The Hague 9 July 2009, Address P.J.I.M. de Waart <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306150635/http://www.unitedcivilians.nl/documents/docs/Toespraak_Paul_de_Waart.pdf">"United Civilians for Peace - Home"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unitedcivilians.nl/documents/docs/Toespraak_Paul_de_Waart.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Civilians+for+Peace+-+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unitedcivilians.nl%2Fdocuments%2Fdocs%2FToespraak_Paul_de_Waart.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span> (PDF).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lazaroff, Tovah (14 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1258027286557&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">"Lieberman Warns Against '67 Borders"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i>. Retrieved 27 September 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaked,_Ali2009" class="citation news cs1">Waked, Ali (11 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3803622,00.html">"Abbas: Palestinian State an Existing Fact – Thousands of Fatah Supporters Gather at Ramallah's Presidential Compound To Mark Fifth Anniversary of Former PA Chairman Arafat's Death, Refer to Abbas as 'His Worthy Successor' – Palestinian President Tells Audience Current Battle Is To Have Future State's Borders Recognized"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet&rft.atitle=Abbas%3A+Palestinian+State+an+Existing+Fact+%E2%80%93+Thousands+of+Fatah+Supporters+Gather+at+Ramallah%27s+Presidential+Compound+To+Mark+Fifth+Anniversary+of+Former+PA+Chairman+Arafat%27s+Death%2C+Refer+to+Abbas+as+%27His+Worthy+Successor%27+%E2%80%93+Palestinian+President+Tells+Audience+Current+Battle+Is+To+Have+Future+State%27s+Borders+Recognized&rft.date=2009-11-11&rft.au=Waked%2C+Ali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Fenglish%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3803622%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See The 1988 Declaration of Independence <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1131101.html">[12]</a> and Ending the Occupation, Establishing the State – Program of the Thirteenth Government <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.miftah.org/Display.cfm?DocId=20388&CategoryId=8">[13]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-51555820100917">"Palestinians Able To Establish A State – World Bank"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 16 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Palestinians+Able+To+Establish+A+State+%E2%80%93+World+Bank&rft.date=2010-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidINIndia-51555820100917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/world/UN-Report-Palestinian-Building-April2011.pdf">"Palestinian State-Building: A Decisive Period"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Office of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Coordinator_for_the_Middle_East_Peace_Process" title="United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process">United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process</a> (via <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>). 13 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Palestinian+State-Building%3A+A+Decisive+Period&rft.date=2011-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgraphics8.nytimes.com%2Fpackages%2Fpdf%2Fworld%2FUN-Report-Palestinian-Building-April2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KershnerNYT-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KershnerNYT_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KershnerNYT_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKershner,_Isabel2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Kershner" title="Isabel Kershner">Kershner, Isabel</a> (12 April 2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/13/world/middleeast/13mideast.html">"U.N. Praises Palestinians' Progress Toward a State"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.N.+Praises+Palestinians%27+Progress+Toward+a+State&rft.date=2011-04-12&rft.au=Kershner%2C+Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F04%2F13%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F13mideast.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarak2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aharon_Barak" title="Aharon Barak">Barak, Aharon</a> (15 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20051028233445/http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files_eng/04/570/079/a14/04079570.a14.pdf">"Mara'abe v. The Prime Minister of Israel"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files_eng/04/570/079/a14/04079570.a14.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 October 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mara%27abe+v.+The+Prime+Minister+of+Israel&rft.date=2005-09-15&rft.aulast=Barak&rft.aufirst=Aharon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felyon1.court.gov.il%2Ffiles_eng%2F04%2F570%2F079%2Fa14%2F04079570.a14.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALegal+status+of+the+State+of+Palestine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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of the State of Palestine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of the State of Palestine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of the State of Palestine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=State_of_Palestine&#124;link=State_of_Palestine_Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Foreign relations of the State of Palestine">Foreign relations of the State of Palestine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Algeria–Palestine relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Burkina Faso–Palestine relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Comoros–Palestine relations">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Djibouti–Palestine relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Egypt–Palestine relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Ethiopia–Palestine relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Kenya–Palestine relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Libya–Palestine relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Morocco–Palestine relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Namibia–Palestine relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Nigeria–Palestine relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic_relations" title="Palestine–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations">Sahrawi Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="Palestine–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Palestine–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Sudan_relations" title="Palestine–Sudan relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Tanzania_relations" title="Palestine–Tanzania relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Tunisia_relations" title="Palestine–Tunisia relations">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="Palestine–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Palestine"><img alt="Coat of arms of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="815" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Argentina–Palestine relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Bolivia–Palestine relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Brazil–Palestine relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Canada–Palestine relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Chile–Palestine relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Cuba–Palestine relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="El Salvador–Palestine relations">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Ecuador–Palestine relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Honduras–Palestine relations">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Mexico–Palestine relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Palestine–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Palestine–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Palestine–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Palestine–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Afghanistan–Palestine relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Armenia–Palestine relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Palestine relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Bangladesh–Palestine relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Bahrain–Palestine relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Brunei–Palestine relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="China–Palestine relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Georgia–Palestine relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="India–Palestine relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Indonesia–Palestine relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Iran–Palestine relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Iraq–Palestine relations">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Kurdistan Region–Palestine relations">Kurdistan Region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Israel–Palestine relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Japan–Palestine relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Jordan–Palestine relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Kuwait–Palestine relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Lebanon–Palestine relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Kazakhstan–Palestine relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Kyrgyzstan–Palestine relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Malaysia–Palestine relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Maldives–Palestine relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="North Korea–Palestine relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Oman–Palestine relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Pakistan–Palestine relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Palestine–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Qatar_relations" title="Palestine–Qatar relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Palestine–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Palestine–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Palestine–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Palestine–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Thailand_relations" title="Palestine–Thailand relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Palestine–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Palestine–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Palestine–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="Palestine–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Albania–Palestine relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Austria–Palestine relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Belarus–Palestine relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Belgium–Palestine relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Palestine relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Bulgaria–Palestine relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Cyprus–Palestine relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Denmark–Palestine relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Finland–Palestine relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="France–Palestine relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Germany–Palestine relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Greece–Palestine relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy See–Palestine relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Hungary–Palestine relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Iceland–Palestine relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Ireland–Palestine relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Italy–Palestine relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Luxembourg–Palestine relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93State_of_Palestine_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Malta–State of Palestine relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Montenegro–Palestine relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Norway–Palestine relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Netherlands–Palestine relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Palestine–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Portugal_relations" title="Palestine–Portugal relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Palestine–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Palestine–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Palestine–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="Palestine–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Palestine–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Palestine–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Palestine–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Palestine–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Palestine–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Australia–Palestine relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="New Zealand–Palestine relations">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Germany%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="East Germany–Palestine relations">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Palestine–Soviet Union relations">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Disputes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Multilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Palestine–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">United Nations</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Palestine" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Palestine">Security Council resolutions</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(State_of_Palestine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (State of Palestine)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions of the State of Palestine">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions in Palestine">in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">Recognition of statehood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legal status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_194" title="Palestine 194">Palestine 194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hamas" title="Foreign relations of Hamas">Foreign relations of Hamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐75c465f4c6‐mnrpd Cached time: 20241125134528 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.727 seconds Real time usage: 0.875 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4709/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 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