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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Military districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_fleets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_fleets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Naval fleets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_fleets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personnel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personnel subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Military education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reserve_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reserve_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reserve components</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reserve_components-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reserve components subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reserve_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2005–2008_reform_of_the_reserve_officer_training_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005–2008_reform_of_the_reserve_officer_training_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>2005–2008 reform of the reserve officer training system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005–2008_reform_of_the_reserve_officer_training_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018_beginning_of_formation_of_voluntary_military_reserve_force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018_beginning_of_formation_of_voluntary_military_reserve_force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>2018 beginning of formation of voluntary military reserve force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018_beginning_of_formation_of_voluntary_military_reserve_force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_reform_of_the_reserve_officer_training_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_reform_of_the_reserve_officer_training_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>2019 reform of the reserve officer training system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_reform_of_the_reserve_officer_training_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobilization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobilization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Mobilization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobilization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Budget</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Budget-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Budget subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Procurement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procurement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Procurement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procurement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nuclear weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Russian Armed Forces</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="القوات المسلحة للاتحاد الروسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القوات المسلحة للاتحاد الروسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuercies_Armaes_de_Rusia" title="Fuercies Armaes de Rusia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fuercies Armaes de Rusia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiya_Silahl%C4%B1_Q%C3%BCvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="Rusiya Silahlı Qüvvələri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiya Silahlı Qüvvələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="روسیه سیلاحلی گوجلری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روسیه سیلاحلی گوجلری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="রুশ সশস্ত্র বাহিনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুশ সশস্ত্র বাহিনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B_%D2%A0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%81%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы Ҡораллы Көстәре – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рәсәй Федерацияһы Ҡораллы Көстәре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Узброеныя сілы Расійскай Федэрацыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Узброеныя сілы Расійскай Федэрацыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%96" title="Узброеныя сілы Расеі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Узброеныя сілы Расеі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Въоръжени сили на Руската федерация – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въоръжени сили на Руската федерация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerzhio%C3%B9_lu_Rusia" title="Nerzhioù lu Rusia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nerzhioù lu Rusia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_Armades_de_R%C3%BAssia" title="Forces Armades de Rússia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Forces Armades de Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%C3%A7%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95%D0%BD_%D0%A5%C4%95%C3%A7%D0%BF%C4%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%B9%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Раççей Федерацийĕн Хĕçпăшаллă вăйĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Раççей Федерацийĕн Хĕçпăшаллă вăйĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozbrojen%C3%A9_s%C3%ADly_Rusk%C3%A9_federace" title="Ozbrojené síly Ruské federace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ozbrojené síly Ruské federace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslands_milit%C3%A6r" title="Ruslands militær – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ruslands militær" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streitkr%C3%A4fte_Russlands" title="Streitkräfte Russlands – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Streitkräfte Russlands" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venemaa_relvaj%C3%B5ud" title="Venemaa relvajõud – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Venemaa relvajõud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%94%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ένοπλες Δυνάμεις της Ρωσικής Ομοσπονδίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ένοπλες Δυνάμεις της Ρωσικής Ομοσπονδίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_de_Rusia" title="Fuerzas Armadas de Rusia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuerzas Armadas de Rusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armitaj_Fortoj_de_Rusia_Federacio" title="Armitaj Fortoj de Rusia Federacio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Armitaj Fortoj de Rusia Federacio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusiako_Indar_Armatuak" title="Errusiako Indar Armatuak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusiako Indar Armatuak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="نیروهای مسلح روسیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروهای مسلح روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_arm%C3%A9es_de_la_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_Russie" title="Forces armées de la fédération de Russie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forces armées de la fédération de Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forzas_Armadas_de_Rusia" title="Forzas Armadas de Rusia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Forzas Armadas de Rusia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9%EA%B5%B0" title="러시아 연방군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아 연방군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojojin_Rasha" title="Sojojin Rasha – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sojojin Rasha" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AA%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ռուսաստանի զինված ուժեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսաստանի զինված ուժեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru%C5%BEane_snage_Rusije" title="Oružane snage Rusije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oružane snage Rusije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Rusia" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Rusia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angkatan Bersenjata Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forze_armate_della_Federazione_Russa" title="Forze armate della Federazione Russa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Forze armate della Federazione Russa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הכוחות המזוינים של הפדרציה הרוסית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכוחות המזוינים של הפדרציה הרוסית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievijas_Feder%C4%81cijas_Bru%C5%86otie_sp%C4%93ki" title="Krievijas Federācijas Bruņotie spēki – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievijas Federācijas Bruņotie spēki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusijos_ginkluotosios_paj%C4%97gos" title="Rusijos ginkluotosios pajėgos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusijos ginkluotosios pajėgos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Oroszorsz%C3%A1gi_F%C3%B6der%C3%A1ci%C3%B3_Fegyveres_Er%C5%91i" title="Az Oroszországi Föderáció Fegyveres Erői – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Oroszországi Föderáció Fegyveres Erői" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forzi_Armati_Russi" title="Forzi Armati Russi – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Forzi Armati Russi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="रशियाची सेना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशियाची सेना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89" title="القوات المسلحه للاتحاد الروسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القوات المسلحه للاتحاد الروسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Tentera_Rusia" title="Angkatan Tentera Rusia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Angkatan Tentera Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%97%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%82_%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Оросын Зэвсэгт Хүчин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Оросын Зэвсэгт Хүчин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%90%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA" title="ရုရှား တပ်မတော် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုရှား တပ်မတော်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_strijdkrachten" title="Russische strijdkrachten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Russische strijdkrachten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E8%BB%8D" title="ロシア連邦軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロシア連邦軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russlands_v%C3%A6pnede_styrker" title="Russlands væpnede styrker – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russlands væpnede styrker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_russiske_forsvaret" title="Det russiske forsvaret – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det russiske forsvaret" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya_Federatsiyasi_qurolli_kuchlari" title="Rossiya Federatsiyasi qurolli kuchlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rossiya Federatsiyasi qurolli kuchlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%81%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="روسي وسله وال ځواکونه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روسي وسله وال ځواکونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%82y_Zbrojne_Federacji_Rosyjskiej" title="Siły Zbrojne Federacji Rosyjskiej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Siły Zbrojne Federacji Rosyjskiej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7as_Armadas_da_R%C3%BAssia" title="Forças Armadas da Rússia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Forças Armadas da Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C8%9Bele_armate_ale_Federa%C8%9Biei_Ruse" title="Forțele armate ale Federației Ruse – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Forțele armate ale Federației Ruse" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Вооружённые силы Российской Федерации – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вооружённые силы Российской Федерации" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forcat_e_Armatosura_Ruse" title="Forcat e Armatosura Ruse – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Forcat e Armatosura Ruse" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Armed Forces of the Russian Federation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozbrojen%C3%A9_sily_Ruskej_feder%C3%A1cie" title="Ozbrojené sily Ruskej federácie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ozbrojené sily Ruskej federácie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboro%C5%BEene_sile_Ruske_federacije" title="Oborožene sile Ruske federacije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oborožene sile Ruske federacije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2%DB%95_%DA%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ھێزە چەکدارەکانی ڕووسیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھێزە چەکدارەکانی ڕووسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Оружане снаге Руске Федерације – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Оружане снаге Руске Федерације" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru%C5%BEane_snage_Ruske_Federacije" title="Oružane snage Ruske Federacije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oružane snage Ruske Federacije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4n_asevoimat" title="Venäjän asevoimat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjän asevoimat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryska_federationens_milit%C3%A4r" title="Ryska federationens militär – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryska federationens militär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="உருசியக் கூட்டரசின் ஆயுதப் படைகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசியக் கூட்டரசின் ஆயுதப் படைகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%87%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Россия Федерациясе Кораллы Көчләре – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Россия Федерациясе Кораллы Көчләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military forces of the Russian Federation</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Armed Forces of the Russian Federation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Вооружённые си́лы Росси́йской Федера́ции</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_(27.01.1997-present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg/220px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg/330px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg/440px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="448" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem of the Russian Armed Forces</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_(obverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg/220px-Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg/330px-Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg/440px-Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Banner of the Russian Armed Forces</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1721 (<a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current form</th><td class="infobox-data">7 May 1992</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Service branches</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_the_Russian_Federation_Ground_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Federation_Ground_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_the_Russian_Federation_Ground_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Federation_Ground_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_the_Russian_Federation_Ground_Forces.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Federation_Ground_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Russian Ground Forces">Ground Forces</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/46px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Navy</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Aerospace Forces</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png/45px-Flag_of_the_Strategic_Missile_Forces.png 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="2500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Rocket_Forces" title="Strategic Rocket Forces">Strategic Rocket Forces</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Forces" title="Russian Airborne Forces">Airborne Forces</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="342" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Forces_(Russia)" title="Special Operations Forces (Russia)">Special Operations Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Headquarters#Military" title="Headquarters">Headquarters</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Main_Building_of_the_Ministry_of_Defense_(Russia)" title="Main Building of the Ministry of Defense (Russia)">Ministry of Defence, Moscow</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_leadership" title="Category:Military leadership">Leadership</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia#Commander-in-Chief" title="President of Russia">Supreme Commander-in-Chief</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_the_President_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_the_President_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_the_President_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Minister of Defence (Russia)">Minister of Defence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Standart_of_the_Russian_Minister_of_Defence.svg/20px-Standart_of_the_Russian_Minister_of_Defence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Standart_of_the_Russian_Minister_of_Defence.svg/30px-Standart_of_the_Russian_Minister_of_Defence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Standart_of_the_Russian_Minister_of_Defence.svg/40px-Standart_of_the_Russian_Minister_of_Defence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="1676" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Belousov" title="Andrey Belousov">Andrey Belousov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Russia)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Russia)">Chief of the General Staff</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Russia%27s_Chief_of_Staff.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia%27s_Chief_of_Staff.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Russia%27s_Chief_of_Staff.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia%27s_Chief_of_Staff.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Russia%27s_Chief_of_Staff.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia%27s_Chief_of_Staff.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="1676" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Personnel</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Military age</th><td class="infobox-data">18<sup id="cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law53-FZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12 months<sup id="cite_ref-The_Russian_Military_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Russian_Military-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active personnel</th><td class="infobox-data">1,500,000 (September 2024 Decree)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">ranked 4th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve" title="Military reserve">Reserve personnel</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2,000,000</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIISS2021191_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIISS2021191-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Expenditure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_budget" title="Military budget">Budget</a></th><td class="infobox-data">US$86.4 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">ranked 3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">Percent of GDP</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.1% (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Military_acquisition" title="Military acquisition">Industry</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domestic suppliers</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>See list:</i></span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Rostec" title="Rostec">Rostec</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Rosatom" title="Rosatom">Rosatom</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/United_Aircraft_Corporation" title="United Aircraft Corporation">United Aircraft Corporation</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/United_Shipbuilding_Corporation" title="United Shipbuilding Corporation">United Shipbuilding Corporation</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Helicopters" title="Russian Helicopters">Russian Helicopters</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Tactical_Missiles_Corporation" title="Tactical Missiles Corporation">Tactical Missiles Corporation</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Almaz-Antey" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaz-Antey">Almaz-Antey</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/High_Precision_Systems" title="High Precision Systems">High Precision Systems</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Institute_of_Thermal_Technology" title="Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology">Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Kalashnikov_Concern" title="Kalashnikov Concern">Kalashnikov Concern</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Military_Industrial_Company" title="Military Industrial Company">Military Industrial Company</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Uralvagonzavod" title="Uralvagonzavod">Uralvagonzavod</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Kurganmashzavod" title="Kurganmashzavod">Kurganmashzavod</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/KAMAZ" class="mw-redirect" title="KAMAZ">KAMAZ</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Foreign suppliers</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> (<a href="/wiki/MZKT" title="MZKT">MZKT</a>)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iveco" title="Iveco">Iveco</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran_Aircraft_Manufacturing_Industries_Corporation" title="Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industries Corporation">HESA</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual imports</th><td class="infobox-data">US$905 million (2010–2021)<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual exports</th><td class="infobox-data">US$74.535 billion (2010–2021)<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Related articles</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Military history of the Russian Federation">Military history of the Russian Federation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Army ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation">Army ranks</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation">Navy ranks</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_Forces_ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Aerospace Forces ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation">Aerospace Forces ranks</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russian Armed Forces</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_(27.01.1997-present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg/200px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg/300px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg/400px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2827.01.1997-present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_(21.07.2003-present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2821.07.2003-present%29.svg/25px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2821.07.2003-present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2821.07.2003-present%29.svg/38px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2821.07.2003-present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2821.07.2003-present%29.svg/50px-Middle_emblem_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation_%2821.07.2003-present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="134" data-file-height="87" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> Staff</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="501" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation">General Staff of the Armed Forces</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> Services (<i>vid</i>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1826" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Russian Ground Forces">Russian Ground Forces</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="582" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Russian Aerospace Forces</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="573" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> Independent troops (<i>rod</i>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_Strategic_Rocket_Forces_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="1867" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Rocket_Forces" title="Strategic Rocket Forces">Strategic Rocket Forces</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Russian_Airborne_Troops.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1571" data-file-height="1867" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Forces" title="Russian Airborne Forces">Russian Airborne Forces</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> Special operations force (<i>sof</i>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Special_Operations_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="1182" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Forces_(Russia)" title="Special Operations Forces (Russia)">Special Operations Forces</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> Other troops</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="715" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Logistical_Support_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Logistical Support of the Russian Armed Forces">Logistical Support</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> Military districts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Western_Military_District.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="509" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Military_District" title="Leningrad Military District">Leningrad Military District</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Moscow_Military_District.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="411" data-file-height="487" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Military_District" title="Moscow Military District">Moscow Military District</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Southern_Military_District.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="509" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Military_District" title="Southern Military District">Southern Military District</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Central_Military_District.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="508" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_District" title="Central Military District">Central Military District</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg/25px-Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg/38px-Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg/50px-Great_emblem_of_the_Eastern_Military_District.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="608" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Military_District" title="Eastern Military District">Eastern Military District</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#679267; color:#f9f9f9;"> History of the Russian military</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" title="Military history of Russia">Military history of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russian_military_ranks" title="History of Russian military ranks">History of Russian military ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military ranks of the Soviet Union">Military ranks of the Soviet Union</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_military" title="Template:Russian military"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_military" title="Template talk:Russian military"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_military" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian military"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Armed Forces of the Russian Federation</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commonly referred to as the <b>Russian Armed Forces</b>, are the <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. They are organized into three service branches—the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Russian Ground Forces">Ground Forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Navy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Aerospace Forces</a>—two independent combat arms (the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Rocket_Forces" title="Strategic Rocket Forces">Strategic Rocket Forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Forces" title="Russian Airborne Forces">Airborne Forces</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Forces_(Russia)" title="Special Operations Forces (Russia)">Special Operations Forces Command</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Russian Armed Forces are the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_military_and_paramilitary_personnel" title="List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel">world's fifth largest military force</a>, with 1.15 million <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">active-duty personnel</a> and close to two million <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">reservists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They maintain the <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">world's largest stockpile of nuclear weapons</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> possess the world's second-largest fleet of <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">ballistic missile submarines</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are the only armed forces outside the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">China</a> that operate <a href="/wiki/Strategic_bomber" title="Strategic bomber">strategic bombers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024, Russia has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">world's third-highest military expenditure</a>, at approximately US$130 billion, or over six percent of GDP,<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compared to approximately to US$86.5–$109 billion the year before.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its military budget is set to expand by 30 percent, to US$145 billion, in 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Russian military is a hybrid system that combines <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscripts</a> with contracted <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_military" title="Volunteer military">volunteers</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with certain exceptions, <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Russia" title="Conscription in Russia">Russian law mandates</a> one year of military service for all male citizens aged 18–27.<sup id="cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law53-FZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite efforts to professionalize its ranks since the early 2000s,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it remains heavily reliant on conscripts, with contract soldiers being concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Cadre_(military)" title="Cadre (military)">cadre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">elite units</a>. Russia plans to expand its active personnel to 1.5 million by the end of 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which will make it the second largest active military force after China.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite its perceived military strength,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> deficiencies have been noted in Russia's overall combat performance and its ability to effectively project <a href="/wiki/Hard_power" title="Hard power">hard power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ongoing <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion of Ukraine</a> in February 2022 has exposed weaknesses such as endemic <a href="/wiki/Corruption#Military" title="Corruption">corruption</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rigid <a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">command and control structure</a>, inadequate training, and poor morale;<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russian Armed Forces have experienced successive losses of <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">occupied/annexed territory</a>, the large-scale destruction and squandering of their equipment, and a notably high casualty rate.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Economist_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newyorker.com0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker.com0-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers from the U.S.-funded <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a> have observed that Russia continues struggling with military professionalization,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but remains capable of rapidly reconstituting its capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Directly controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Security_Council_of_Russia" title="Security Council of Russia">Security Council of Russia</a>, the Russian Armed Forces form part of the country's defence services under Russian law, fulfilling this capacity alongside the <a href="/wiki/Border_Service_of_the_Federal_Security_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation">Border Guard of the Federal Security Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Russia" title="National Guard of Russia">National Guard</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal Protective Service (Russia)">Federal Protective Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">Foreign Intelligence Service</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Emergency_Situations_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia)">Ministry of Emergency Situations</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_branches">Service branches</h2></div> <p>Armed forces under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a> are divided into:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>The three <i>branches of Armed Forces</i>: the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Russian Ground Forces">Ground Forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Aerospace Forces</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li>The two <i>separate troop branches</i>: the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Rocket_Forces" title="Strategic Rocket Forces">Strategic Rocket Forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Forces" title="Russian Airborne Forces">Airborne Forces</a></li> <li>The <i>special forces of Armed Forces</i>: the <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Forces_(Russia)" title="Special Operations Forces (Russia)">Special Operations Forces</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Logistical_Support_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Logistical Support of the Russian Armed Forces">Logistical Support of the Russian Armed Forces</a></i>, which has a separate status of its own</li></ul> <p>There are additionally two further <i>separate troop branches</i>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Russia" title="National Guard of Russia">National Guard</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Border_Service_of_the_Federal_Security_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation">Border Service</a>. These retain the legal status of "Armed Forces", while falling outside of the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation">General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Russia" title="National Guard of Russia">The National Guard</a> is formed on the basis of the former <a href="/wiki/Internal_Troops_of_Russia" title="Internal Troops of Russia">Internal Troops of Russia</a>. The new structure has been detached from the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> into a separate agency, directly subordinated to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Border_Service_of_the_Federal_Security_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation">The Border Service</a> is a paramilitary organization of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">Federal Security Service</a>, the country's main internal intelligence agency. Both organizations have significant wartime tasks in addition to their main peacetime activities and operate their own land, air and maritime units. </p><p>The number of personnel is specified by <a href="/wiki/Decree_of_the_President_of_Russia" title="Decree of the President of Russia">decree of the President of Russia</a>. On 1 January 2008, a number of 2,019,629 units, including military of 1,134,800 units, was set.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a> (IISS) estimated that the Russian Armed Forces numbered about 1,027,000 active troops and in the region of 2,035,000 reserves (largely ex-conscripts).<sup id="cite_ref-IISS2010_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IISS2010-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As opposed to personnel specified by decree, actual personnel numbers on the payroll was reported by the <a href="/wiki/Audit_Chamber_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Audit Chamber of Russia">Audit Chamber of Russia</a> as 766,000 in October 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a>, between 2005–2009 and 2010–2014, Russian exports of major weapons increased by 37 percent;<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> spent $66.4 billion on arms in 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-sipri1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sipri1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then $69.2 billion in 2016, having taken 3rd place (after the U.S. and China).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Military history of the Russian Federation">Military history of the Russian Federation</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Military history of the Russian Empire">Military history of the Russian Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military history of the Soviet Union">Military history of the Soviet Union</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> officially dissolved on 25 December 1991. For the next year various attempts to keep its unity and to transform it into the military of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a> (CIS) failed. Over time, some units stationed in the newly independent republics swore loyalty to their new national governments, while a series of treaties between the newly independent states divided up the military's assets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom1998369–387_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom1998369–387-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from assuming control of the bulk of the former Soviet <a href="/wiki/Internal_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal Troops">Internal Troops</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Border_Troops" title="Soviet Border Troops">KGB Border Troops</a>, seemingly the only independent defence move the new <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Russian government</a> made before March 1992 involved announcing the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Russia" title="National Guard of Russia">National Guard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 1995, it was planned to form at least 11 <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigades</a> numbering 3,000 to 5,000 each, with a total of no more than 100,000. National Guard military units were to be deployed in 10 regions, including in Moscow (three brigades), (two brigades), and a number of other important cities and regions. In Moscow alone 15,000 personnel expressed their desire to service in the new Russian Army, mostly former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armed_Forces" title="Soviet Armed Forces">Soviet Armed Forces</a> servicemen. In the end, President <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Yeltsin</a> tabled a <a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">decree</a> "On the temporary position of the Russian Guard", but it was not put into practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Korotkaya_Russian_gvardii._45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korotkaya_Russian_gvardii.-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After signing the <a href="/wiki/Belovezha_Accords" title="Belovezha Accords">Belavezha Accords</a> on 21 December 1991, the countries of the newly formed CIS signed a protocol on the temporary appointment of <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshal of Aviation">Marshal of Aviation</a> <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Shaposhnikov" title="Yevgeny Shaposhnikov">Yevgeny Shaposhnikov</a> as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Defence">Minister of Defence</a> and commander of the armed forces in their territory, including strategic nuclear forces. On 14 February 1992 Shaposhnikov formally became Supreme Commander of the CIS Armed Forces. On 16 March 1992 a decree by Boris Yeltsin created the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the operational control of Allied High Command and the Ministry of Defence, which was headed by <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Finally, on 7 May 1992, Yeltsin signed a decree establishing the armed forces and Yeltsin assumed the duties of the Supreme Commander.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1992, General Colonel <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Grachev" title="Pavel Grachev">Pavel Grachev</a> became the Minister of Defence, and was made Russia's first <a href="/wiki/Army_General_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Army General (Russia)">Army General</a> on assuming the post. By August or December 1993 CIS military structures had become CIS military cooperation structures with all real influence lost.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the next few years, Russian forces withdrew from central and eastern Europe, as well as from some newly independent post-Soviet republics. While in most places the withdrawal took place without any problems, the Russian Armed Forces remained in some disputed areas such as the <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> naval base in the <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> as well as in <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a>. The Armed Forces have <a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_military_bases_abroad" title="List of Russian military bases abroad">several bases</a> in foreign countries, especially on territory of the former Soviet Republics. </p><p>In late 2000 <i>Gazeta.ru</i> reported that of 600,000 personnel planned to be dismissed from the various "power ministries," the Armed Forces would be reduced by 365,000.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both in Soviet and Russian times, <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a> has been a significant impediment to the Armed Forces. "The change from Yeltsin to Putin ..had minimal effect on Russian military corruption. Putin, despite his desire to rebuild Russian strength, has not shown himself willing or able to seriously deal with" corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1991 to 2001, Russian authorities uncovered at least 350 billion rubles' (US$11.5 billion) worth of corruption in the armed forces (with, for comparison, the total defence budget for 2001 being 214 billion rubles). Areas of particular concern identified by a researcher at the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Defence_Research_Establishment" title="Norwegian Defence Research Establishment">Norwegian Defence Research Establishment</a> in 2007 included the State Defence Order (perhaps 10-15% realised in 2004); "<a href="/wiki/Ghost_soldiers" title="Ghost soldiers">ghost soldiers</a>," as "it is generally acknowledged that the number of actually serving personnel differs substantially from the authorized number of personnel," and officers at various levels can pocket excess money for themselves; and "the domestic purchases of goods and services, where corrupt officers overpay civilian providers in return for bribes." </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E2%84%96_3009_%D0%90.%D0%98._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%E2%84%96_3009_%D0%90.%D0%98._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/200px-%E2%84%96_3009_%D0%90.%D0%98._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%E2%84%96_3009_%D0%90.%D0%98._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/300px-%E2%84%96_3009_%D0%90.%D0%98._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%E2%84%96_3009_%D0%90.%D0%98._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/400px-%E2%84%96_3009_%D0%90.%D0%98._%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E2%84%96_3005_%D0%9C.%D0%90._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E2%84%96_3005_%D0%9C.%D0%90._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/200px-%E2%84%96_3005_%D0%9C.%D0%90._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E2%84%96_3005_%D0%9C.%D0%90._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/300px-%E2%84%96_3005_%D0%9C.%D0%90._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E2%84%96_3005_%D0%9C.%D0%90._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/400px-%E2%84%96_3005_%D0%9C.%D0%90._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Russian stamps honoring soldiers killed in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>. As of February 2023, the number of Russian soldiers killed and wounded in Ukraine was estimated at nearly 200,000.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>On 24 February 2022, Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> gave the execute order to for the Armed Forces to begin the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 April 2022 General <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dvornikov" title="Aleksandr Dvornikov">Aleksandr Dvornikov</a> assumed command of the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2022, at the same time as the Armed Forces began suffering <a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War">severe casualties</a>, the Ground Forces began to site ammunition in or near structures which are frequented by civilians due to the <a href="/wiki/Human_shield" title="Human shield">human shield</a> benefit, ostensibly because Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/HIMARS" class="mw-redirect" title="HIMARS">HIMARS</a> had tilted the odds of his strategy of attrition by artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-jpalj_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpalj-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within hours after Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a>'s signature on the UN-brokered deal to resume Ukraine's Black Sea grain exports, Russia bombed the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Odesa" title="Port of Odesa">Port of Odesa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-skyyt_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skyyt-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-f24un_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f24un-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> Moscow had committed, as of the end of July 2022, 10 of its <a href="/wiki/Combined_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Arms">Combined Arms</a> Armies to the invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-dasuf_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dasuf-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a> has made a name for itself as Putin's "private army."<sup id="cite_ref-economistexplains_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economistexplains-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2023, Putin backed the Ministry of Defense's plan to make mercenary groups sign contracts, which Wagner leader <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin" title="Yevgeny Prigozhin">Yevgeny Prigozhin</a> pushed against: these contracts would have placed the Wagner Group under the Ministry's command structure as subordinates and limited Prigozhin's own influence.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in June, the Wagner Group <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_mutiny" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner Group mutiny">turned against</a> the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the Ministry of Defense<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until a peace deal was reached. According to Prigozhin, part of the reason for his march against Russia was to stop the government from "[dismantling] PMC Wagner."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By July 2024, according to the Supreme Commander of NATO Allied Forces Europe <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cavoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Cavoli">Christopher Cavoli</a>: "The Russians are very cleverly adapting technologically and procedurally to many of the challenges that they run into in Ukraine".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cavoli also said in April 2024 that the Russian military has replaced its troop and equipment losses and is larger than it was before the start of the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 26, 2024, the <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Royal_United_Services_Institute" title="Royal United Services Institute">Royal United Services Institute</a> <a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">think tank</a> reported that Russia continues to increase the production and sophistication of its main weapons and its defense industry remained highly dependent on foreign imports of critical components.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ukrainian Commander-in-Chief Colonel General <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Syrskyi" title="Oleksandr Syrskyi">Oleksandr Syrskyi</a> said on 24 July 2024 that Russians were much better resourced now but also suffer three times higher losses than Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belousov-HR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Belousov-HR.jpg/192px-Belousov-HR.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Belousov-HR.jpg/288px-Belousov-HR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Belousov-HR.jpg/385px-Belousov-HR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="4961" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Minister of Defence (Russia)">Minister of Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Belousov" title="Andrey Belousov">Andrey Belousov</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valery_Gerasimov_official_photo_version_2022-10-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Valery_Gerasimov_official_photo_version_2022-10-03.jpg/192px-Valery_Gerasimov_official_photo_version_2022-10-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Valery_Gerasimov_official_photo_version_2022-10-03.jpg/288px-Valery_Gerasimov_official_photo_version_2022-10-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Valery_Gerasimov_official_photo_version_2022-10-03.jpg/385px-Valery_Gerasimov_official_photo_version_2022-10-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4677" data-file-height="6614" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Russia)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Russia)">Chief of the General Staff</a>, General of the Army <a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Defence_Ministry_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence Ministry of the Russian Federation">Defence Ministry of the Russian Federation</a> serves as the administrative body of the Armed Forces. Since Soviet times, the General Staff has acted as the main commanding and supervising body of the Russian armed forces. "[T]he Soviet General Staff without the MoD is conceivable, but the MoD without the General Staff is not."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom199827_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom199827-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other departments include the <a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">Main Intelligence Directorate</a>, the personnel directorate as well as the <a href="/wiki/Logistical_Support_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Logistical Support of the Russian Armed Forces">Logistical Support of the Russian Armed Forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Railway_Troops_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway Troops of Russia">Railway Troops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Signal_Troops" title="Russian Signal Troops">Signal Troops</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Troops_(Russia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Construction Troops (Russia) (page does not exist)">Construction Troops</a>. The Ministry of Defence incorporated the <a href="/wiki/Military_Police_(Russia)" title="Military Police (Russia)">Main Directorate of the Military Police</a> Since 1 December 2012. The Main Directorate of the Military Police oversees subordinated <a href="/wiki/Military_districts_of_Russia" title="Military districts of Russia">military districts</a> regional directorates of <a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">military police</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Russia)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Russia)">Chief of the General Staff</a> is currently <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_army_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="General of the army (Russia)">General of the Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov" title="Valery Gerasimov">Valery Gerasimov</a>. </p><p>In July 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Main_Military-Political_Directorate_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Main Military-Political Directorate of the Russian Armed Forces">Main Military-Political Directorate of the Russian Armed Forces</a> was created, restoring a responsibility for ideological training that had been done away with in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Armed_Forces" title="Soviet Armed Forces">Soviet Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Russian military is divided into three services: the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Russian Ground Forces">Russian Ground Forces</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Russian Aerospace Forces</a>. In addition there are two independent <i>arms of service</i>: the <a href="/wiki/RVSN" class="mw-redirect" title="RVSN">Strategic Missile Troops</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Airborne Troops">Russian Airborne Troops</a>. The Armed Forces as a whole are traditionally referred to as the <b>Army</b> (<i>armiya</i>), except in some cases, the Navy is specifically singled out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_districts">Military districts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_districts_of_Russia_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Military_districts_of_Russia_2016.svg/350px-Military_districts_of_Russia_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Military_districts_of_Russia_2016.svg/525px-Military_districts_of_Russia_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Military_districts_of_Russia_2016.svg/700px-Military_districts_of_Russia_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1107" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Military_districts_of_Russia" title="Military districts of Russia">Military districts of Russia</a> as of 2021.<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF8080; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Western_Military_District" title="Western Military District">Western Military District</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#78B3FF; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Fleet_Joint_Strategic_Command_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command (Russia)">Northern Military District</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D6A477; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Military_District" title="Southern Military District">Southern Military District</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B3FF80; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_District" title="Central Military District">Central Military District</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FEC82C; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Military_District" title="Eastern Military District">Eastern Military District</a></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Since late 2010, the Ground Forces as well as the Aerospace Forces and Navy are distributed among four <a href="/wiki/Military_district" title="Military district">military districts</a>: <a href="/wiki/Western_Military_District" title="Western Military District">Western Military District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Military_District" title="Southern Military District">Southern Military District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_District" title="Central Military District">Central Military District</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Military_District" title="Eastern Military District">Eastern Military District</a> which also constitute four Joint Strategic Commands—West, South, Central, and East. Previously from 1992 to 2010, the Ground Forces were divided into six <a href="/wiki/Military_district" title="Military district">military districts</a>: <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Military_District" title="Moscow Military District">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Military_District" title="Leningrad Military District">Leningrad</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus_Military_District" title="North Caucasus Military District">North Caucausian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volga-Ural_Military_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga-Ural Military District">Privolzhsk-Ural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Military_District" title="Siberian Military District">Siberian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Far_East_Military_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Far East Military District">Far Eastern</a>, with the seventh military district: <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Special_Region" title="Kaliningrad Special Region">Kaliningrad</a> formed in 1997; in service until 2010. </p><p>Russia's four naval fleets and one flotilla were organizations on par with the Ground Forces' Military Districts. These seven MDs were merged into the four new MDs, which now also incorporate the aerospace forces and naval forces. There is one remaining Russian military base, the <a href="/wiki/102nd_Military_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="102nd Military Base">102nd Military Base</a>, in Armenia left of the former <a href="/wiki/Russian_Transcaucasus_Group_of_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Transcaucasus Group of Forces">Transcaucasus Group of Forces</a> and is incorporated into the Southern Military District. </p><p>In mid-2010 a reorganisation was announced which consolidated military districts and the navy's fleets into four Joint Strategic Commands (OSC).<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014 the Northern Fleet was reorganized in separate Joint Strategic Command. Since 1 January 2021, this Command has the status of military district.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gennady_Anashkin,_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gennady_Anashkin%2C_2024.jpg/200px-Gennady_Anashkin%2C_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gennady_Anashkin%2C_2024.jpg/300px-Gennady_Anashkin%2C_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gennady_Anashkin%2C_2024.jpg/400px-Gennady_Anashkin%2C_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption>Army General <a href="/wiki/Gennady_Anashkin" title="Gennady Anashkin">Gennady Anashkin</a>, commander of the Southern Military District since 15 May 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>Geographically divided, the five commands/districts are: </p> <ul><li>Joint Strategic Command West – <a href="/wiki/Western_Military_District" title="Western Military District">Western Military District</a> (HQ in <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>), includes the Baltic Fleet;</li> <li>Joint Strategic Command North – <a href="/wiki/Northern_Fleet_Joint_Strategic_Command_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command (Russia)">Northern Military District</a> (HQ in <a href="/wiki/Severomorsk" title="Severomorsk">Severomorsk</a>), includes the Northern Fleet;</li> <li>Joint Strategic Command South – <a href="/wiki/Southern_Military_District" title="Southern Military District">Southern Military District</a> (HQ in <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a>) includes the Black Sea Fleet and Caspian Flotilla;</li> <li>Joint Strategic Command Center – <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_District" title="Central Military District">Central Military District</a> (HQ in <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a>);</li> <li>Joint Strategic Command East – <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Military_District" title="Eastern Military District">Eastern Military District</a> (HQ in <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a>), includes the Pacific Fleet.</li></ul> <p>The plan was put in place on 1 December 2010 and mirrors a proposed reorganisation by former <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Russia)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Russia)">Chief of the General Staff</a> <a href="/wiki/Army_General_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Army General (Russia)">Army General</a> <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Baluyevsky" title="Yuri Baluyevsky">Yuri Baluyevsky</a> for a Regional Command East which was not implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four commands were set up by a decree of President Medvedev on 14 July 2010.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In July 2011, an Operational-Strategic Command of Missile-Space Defence has also been established on the basis of the former <a href="/wiki/Special_Purpose_Command" title="Special Purpose Command">Special Purpose Command</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" title="Russian Air Force">Russian Air Force</a>. A Presidential decree of January 2011 named commanders for several of the new organisational structures.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russian security bodies not under the control of the Ministry of Defence include the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Troops" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal Troops">Internal Troops</a> of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (now the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Russia" title="National Guard of Russia">National Guard of Russia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_Forces_Command" title="National Guard Forces Command">National Guard Forces Command</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Border_Guard_Service_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Guard Service of Russia">Border Guard Service of Russia</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">Federal Security Service</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin_Regiment" title="Kremlin Regiment">Kremlin Regiment</a> and the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal Protective Service (Russia)">Federal Protective Service</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Emergency_Situations_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Emergency Situations (Russia)">Ministry of Emergency Situations</a>, the country's civil defence service since 1995 and successor to earlier civil defence units. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_fleets">Naval fleets</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zapad-2009_military_exercises.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Zapad-2009_military_exercises.jpg/220px-Zapad-2009_military_exercises.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Zapad-2009_military_exercises.jpg/330px-Zapad-2009_military_exercises.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Zapad-2009_military_exercises.jpg/440px-Zapad-2009_military_exercises.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption><i>Mordovia</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Zubr-class_LCAC" title="Zubr-class LCAC">Zubr-class LCAC</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Northern_Fleet_bases_ENG.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Map_of_Northern_Fleet_bases_ENG.svg/226px-Map_of_Northern_Fleet_bases_ENG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="226" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Map_of_Northern_Fleet_bases_ENG.svg/339px-Map_of_Northern_Fleet_bases_ENG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Map_of_Northern_Fleet_bases_ENG.svg/452px-Map_of_Northern_Fleet_bases_ENG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>A map of naval bases, shipyards and spent fuel storage sites operated by the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Fleet" title="Northern Fleet">Northern Fleet</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Navy consists of four fleets and one <a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">flotilla</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Fleet" title="Northern Fleet">Northern Fleet</a> (HQ at <a href="/wiki/Severomorsk" title="Severomorsk">Severomorsk</a>) forms own Joint Strategic Command.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Fleet" title="Baltic Fleet">Baltic Fleet</a> (HQ at <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a> in the exclave of <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>) subordinated to Joint Strategic Command West.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea Fleet</a> (HQ at <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>, disputed region of <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>) subordinated to Joint Strategic Command South.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Fleet_(Russia)" title="Pacific Fleet (Russia)">Pacific Fleet</a> (HQ at <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>) subordinated to Joint Strategic Command East.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Flotilla" title="Caspian Flotilla">Caspian Flotilla</a> (HQ at <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a>) subordinated to Joint Strategic Command South.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnel">Personnel</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2015_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_-_01.jpg/220px-2015_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2015_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_-_01.jpg/330px-2015_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/2015_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_-_01.jpg/440px-2015_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Russian troops at the <a href="/wiki/2015_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2015 Moscow Victory Day parade</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alabino220415part1-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Alabino220415part1-06.jpg/220px-Alabino220415part1-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Alabino220415part1-06.jpg/330px-Alabino220415part1-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Alabino220415part1-06.jpg/440px-Alabino220415part1-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1457" /></a><figcaption>Russian troops marching in the 2015 Moscow Victory Day parade</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FinalCheck2018-13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/FinalCheck2018-13.jpg/220px-FinalCheck2018-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/FinalCheck2018-13.jpg/330px-FinalCheck2018-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/FinalCheck2018-13.jpg/440px-FinalCheck2018-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Members of the <a href="/wiki/56th_Guards_Air_Assault_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="56th Guards Air Assault Brigade">56th Guards Air Assault Brigade</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Forces" title="Russian Airborne Forces">Russian Airborne Forces</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4thTankDivisionOpenDay17p2-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/4thTankDivisionOpenDay17p2-06.jpg/220px-4thTankDivisionOpenDay17p2-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/4thTankDivisionOpenDay17p2-06.jpg/330px-4thTankDivisionOpenDay17p2-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/4thTankDivisionOpenDay17p2-06.jpg/440px-4thTankDivisionOpenDay17p2-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ratnik_(program)" title="Ratnik (program)">Ratnik</a> infantry combat system in reconnaissance variant and AFV crew individual protection kit Ratnik-ZK</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Russia" title="Conscription in Russia">Conscription</a> is used in Russia; the term of service is 12 months; and the eligible age is between 18 and 27 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law53-FZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deferments are provided to undergraduate and graduate students, men supporting disabled relatives, parents of at least two children and—upon Presidential proclamation—to some employees of military-oriented enterprises. Men holding a Ph.D., as well as sons and brothers of servicemen killed or disabled during their military service, are released from conscription. </p><p>There were widespread problems with <a href="/wiki/Hazing" title="Hazing">hazing</a> in the Army, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Dedovshchina" title="Dedovshchina">dedovshchina</a></i>, where first-year draftees are abused by second-year draftees, a practice that appeared in its current form after the change to a two-year service term in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom1998_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom1998-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Anna_Politkovskaya" title="Anna Politkovskaya">Anna Politkovskaya</a>, in 2002, "a complete battalion, more than five hundred men, had been killed not by enemy fire but by beatings".<sup id="cite_ref-Politkovskaya2007_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politkovskaya2007-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over a period of 9 months in 2003, 2,500 personnel were accused of dedovshchina, of which half were sentenced.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To combat this problem, a new decree was signed in March 2007, which cut the conscription service term from 24 to 18 months. The term was cut further to one year on 1 January 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thirty percent of Russian Armed Forces' personnel were contract servicemen at the end of 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the foreseeable future, the Armed Forces will be a mixed contract/conscript force.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian Armed Forces need to maintain a mobilization reserve to have manning resources capable of reinforcing the permanent readiness forces if the permanent readiness forces cannot deter or suppress an armed conflict on their own.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recruitment into the Russian military are also open to non-Russian citizens of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a>, of which Russia is the largest member.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By December 2003, the Russian parliament had approved a law in principle to permit the Armed Forces to employ foreign nationals on contract by offering them Russian citizenship after several years service<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yet, up to 2010, foreigners could only serve in Russia's armed forces after getting a Russian passport. Under a 2010 Defence Ministry plan, foreigners without dual citizenship would be able to sign up for five-year contracts and will be eligible for Russian citizenship after serving three years.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The change could open the way for CIS citizens to get fast-track Russian citizenship, and counter the effects of Russia's demographic crisis on its army recruitment. Each soldier in duty receives an <a href="/wiki/Identity_Card_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity Card of the Russian Armed Forces">Identity Card of the Russian Armed Forces</a>. On 20 September 2022 the <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a> passed a bill which would make Russian citizenship available to foreign soldiers upon 12 months service in the AFRF; previously the service requirement had been set at three years.<sup id="cite_ref-foreigners_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreigners-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Awards and decorations of the Armed Forces are covered at the <a href="/wiki/Awards_and_emblems_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Awards and emblems of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation">Awards and Emblems of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation</a>. </p><p>On 17 November 2011, General <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Yegorovich_Makarov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Yegorovich Makarov">Nikolai Makarov</a> said that Russia had reached a crisis in the conscript service where there simply were not sufficient able-bodied men to draft and was forced to halve its conscription.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In March 2013, Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Shoygu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Shoygu">Sergey Shoygu</a> promised that all army quarters would have showers by the end of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, it was reported that:<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Compared to 2007, the number of female officers and warrant-officers has dropped by nearly two thirds. There were over 30,000 women serving under a contract [with the armed forces] in 2007, and now there are only slightly more than 11,000 of them, including 4,300 officers of various rank." Lt. Col. Yelena Stepanova, the chief of the social processes monitoring department at the Russian armed forces' sociological research center, said. This trend [was] "not ..special" but correspond[ed] with the general .. reduction of the Russian armed forces." </p><p>On 28 May 2022, on the background of the ongoing <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion of Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> signed the law which removed the upper age limit for signing first contract for the performance of <a href="/wiki/Military_volunteer" title="Military volunteer">voluntary military service</a> (earlier this limit was 40 years old).<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2024, following heavy personnel losses, Russia reduced payments to troops injured in the invasion of Ukraine amidst the Russian government facing increasing war costs due to the large amount of injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-f372_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f372-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g910_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g910-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Age limits for active duty service in Russian Armed Forces (males)<sup id="cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law53-FZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">Military rank </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">Conscript service </th> <th colspan="4" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;">Voluntary service </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Lower age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Upper age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Lower age limit for signing first contract </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Upper age limit for signing first contract </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">General upper age limit for tenure </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Final upper age limit for tenure </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Marshal of the Russian Federation">Marshal of the Russian Federation</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="19">None </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="19">None </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="20">18 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="20">None </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="3">65 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="3">70 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Army_general_(Russia)" title="Army general (Russia)">Army general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet_(Russia)" title="Admiral of the fleet (Russia)">Admiral of the fleet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_general" title="Colonel general">Colonel general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">Lieutenant general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">Vice admiral</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="2">60 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="17">65 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Major general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Counter_admiral" title="Counter admiral">Counter admiral</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_1st_rank" title="Captain 1st rank">Captain 1st rank</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">55 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant colonel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_2nd_rank" title="Captain 2nd rank">Captain 2nd rank</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="14">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_3rd_rank" title="Captain 3rd rank">Captain 3rd rank</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_lieutenant" title="Captain lieutenant">Captain lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_lieutenant" title="Senior lieutenant">Senior lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Junior_lieutenant" title="Junior lieutenant">Junior lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Starshy_praporshchik" title="Starshy praporshchik">Senior praporshchik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starshy_michman" title="Starshy michman">Senior michman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Praporshchik" title="Praporshchik">Praporshchik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Michman" title="Michman">Michman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Starshina" title="Starshina">Starshina</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glavny_starshina_of_the_ship" title="Glavny starshina of the ship">Chief ship starshina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_sergeant" title="Senior sergeant">Senior sergeant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glavny_starshina" title="Glavny starshina">Chief starshina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starshina_1st_class" title="Starshina 1st class">Starshina 1st class</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Junior_sergeant" title="Junior sergeant">Junior sergeant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starshina_2nd_class" title="Starshina 2nd class">Starshina 2nd class</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Gefreiter" title="Gefreiter">Gefreiter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Leading_seaman" title="Leading seaman">Senior seaman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private</a>/<a href="/wiki/Seaman_(rank)" title="Seaman (rank)">Seaman</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">18 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">27 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Age limits for active duty service in Russian Armed Forces (females)<sup id="cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law53-FZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">Military rank </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">Conscript service </th> <th colspan="4" style="text-align: center; width: 600px;">Voluntary service </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Lower age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Upper age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Lower age limit for signing first contract </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Upper age limit for signing first contract </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">General upper age limit for tenure </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Final upper age limit for tenure </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Marshal of the Russian Federation">Marshal of the Russian Federation</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="20">None </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="20">None </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="20">18 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="20">None </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="20">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="3">70 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Army_general_(Russia)" title="Army general (Russia)">Army general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet_(Russia)" title="Admiral of the fleet (Russia)">Admiral of the fleet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_general" title="Colonel general">Colonel general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">Lieutenant general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">Vice admiral</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" rowspan="17">65 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Major general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Counter_admiral" title="Counter admiral">Counter admiral</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_1st_rank" title="Captain 1st rank">Captain 1st rank</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant colonel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_2nd_rank" title="Captain 2nd rank">Captain 2nd rank</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_3rd_rank" title="Captain 3rd rank">Captain 3rd rank</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_lieutenant" title="Captain lieutenant">Captain lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_lieutenant" title="Senior lieutenant">Senior lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Junior_lieutenant" title="Junior lieutenant">Junior lieutenant</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Starshy_praporshchik" title="Starshy praporshchik">Senior praporshchik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starshy_michman" title="Starshy michman">Senior michman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Praporshchik" title="Praporshchik">Praporshchik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Michman" title="Michman">Michman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Starshina" title="Starshina">Starshina</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glavny_starshina_of_the_ship" title="Glavny starshina of the ship">Chief ship starshina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_sergeant" title="Senior sergeant">Senior sergeant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glavny_starshina" title="Glavny starshina">Chief starshina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starshina_1st_class" title="Starshina 1st class">Starshina 1st class</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Junior_sergeant" title="Junior sergeant">Junior sergeant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starshina_2nd_class" title="Starshina 2nd class">Starshina 2nd class</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Gefreiter" title="Gefreiter">Gefreiter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Leading_seaman" title="Leading seaman">Senior seaman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private</a>/<a href="/wiki/Seaman_(rank)" title="Seaman (rank)">Seaman</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_education">Military education</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Release_of_officers_of_the_Air_force_Academy_in_Voronezh_(2019-06-29)_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Release_of_officers_of_the_Air_force_Academy_in_Voronezh_%282019-06-29%29_18.jpg/220px-Release_of_officers_of_the_Air_force_Academy_in_Voronezh_%282019-06-29%29_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Release_of_officers_of_the_Air_force_Academy_in_Voronezh_%282019-06-29%29_18.jpg/330px-Release_of_officers_of_the_Air_force_Academy_in_Voronezh_%282019-06-29%29_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Release_of_officers_of_the_Air_force_Academy_in_Voronezh_%282019-06-29%29_18.jpg/440px-Release_of_officers_of_the_Air_force_Academy_in_Voronezh_%282019-06-29%29_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Release of officers of the <a href="/wiki/Zhukovsky_%E2%80%93_Gagarin_Air_Force_Academy" title="Zhukovsky – Gagarin Air Force Academy">Air Force Academy</a> in Voronezh</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KHMASoPMilitaryOath2018-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/KHMASoPMilitaryOath2018-11.jpg/220px-KHMASoPMilitaryOath2018-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/KHMASoPMilitaryOath2018-11.jpg/330px-KHMASoPMilitaryOath2018-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/KHMASoPMilitaryOath2018-11.jpg/440px-KHMASoPMilitaryOath2018-11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Female students of the <a href="/wiki/Krasnodar_Higher_Military_Aviation_School_of_Pilots" title="Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots">Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Russian military education system, inherited from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, trains officer-specialists in narrowly-defined military occupational specialties. In this it differs greatly from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> military education system in which newly qualified second lieutenants receive particular specialties in the framework of their "career branch" only after graduation from a <a href="/wiki/United_States_service_academies" title="United States service academies">military academy</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">ROTC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students of Russian civilian institutions of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> wishing to join the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officer_Training_in_Russia" title="Reserve Officer Training in Russia">reserve officer training program</a> cannot choose a military occupational specialty, because each civilian specialty taught by civilian <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> is attached to a particular military occupational specialty taught by the <a href="/wiki/Military_training_centers_of_civilian_universities_(Russia)" title="Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)">military training center</a> of the same <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">rector</a>'s order. It also differs from the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> military education system in which students can choose between available types of <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">ROTC</a>. </p><p>The Russian military education system includes: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_schools_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Warrant officer schools of the Russian Armed Forces">Warrant officer schools</a>, which prepare career warrant officers for active duty service.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_commissioning_schools_in_Russia" title="Military commissioning schools in Russia">Higher military schools</a>, which prepare career commissioned officers for active duty service as platoon/company commanders and at equivalent positions (tactical level).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_training_centers_of_civilian_universities_(Russia)" title="Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)">Military training centers</a> within civilian institutions of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>, which prepare reserve commissioned officers who can serve as platoon/company commanders and at equivalent positions (tactical level).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_Russia" title="Military academies in Russia">Military academies</a>, which improve the military occupational specialty knowledge of commissioned officers to allow them to be appointed to battalion/regiment/brigade commander or equivalent positions (operational-tactical level).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Russia" title="Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia">Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia</a>, which improves skills of officers graduated from military academies to allow them to become highest-ranking military officers (strategic level).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjunctura_in_Russia" title="Adjunctura in Russia">Adjunctura</a> is a military analogue of civilian <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate school</a>, which allow commissioned officers to get academic degree of <a href="/wiki/Candidate_of_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Candidate of sciences">candidate of sciences</a> in military oriented specialties and be appointed to a teaching positions in military academies, military schools, military training centers.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Age limits for admission to military educational institutions<sup id="cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law53-FZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Order185_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Order185-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 350px;">Type of military educational institution </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">Persons who have not been on active duty service </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">Persons who are on conscript active duty service or are demobbed from this service </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">Persons who are on voluntary active duty service </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Lower age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Upper age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Lower age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Upper age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Lower age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Upper age limit </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 350px;"><a href="/wiki/Military_commissioning_schools_in_Russia" title="Military commissioning schools in Russia">Military school</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">16 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">22 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">18 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">24 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">18 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">27 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 350px;"><a href="/wiki/Military_training_centers_of_civilian_universities_(Russia)" title="Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)">Military training center</a> (active duty officer program) </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">16 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">24 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 350px;"><a href="/wiki/Military_training_centers_of_civilian_universities_(Russia)" title="Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)">Military training center</a> (reserve officer program) </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">16 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">30 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Russian military academies and adjunctura entry requirements<sup id="cite_ref-Order185_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Order185-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: center; width: 450px;">Type of military educational institution </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">Reached educational level </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">Years of active duty service as commissioned officer </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">Military rank (no lower than) </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">Military position<br />(years of experience) </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">Expected number of years of active duty service after graduation until general upper age limit for tenure </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;"><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_Russia" title="Military academies in Russia">Military academy</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;"><a href="/wiki/Military_commissioning_schools_in_Russia" title="Military commissioning schools in Russia">Military school</a> or <a href="/wiki/Military_training_centers_of_civilian_universities_(Russia)" title="Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)">Military training center</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">no less than 7 years </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;"><a href="/wiki/Captain" title="Captain">Captain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_lieutenant" title="Captain lieutenant">Captain lieutenant</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a>'s/<a href="/wiki/Captain_3rd_rank" title="Captain 3rd rank">Captain 3rd rank</a>'s positions<br />(1 year at least) </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">5 years at least </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 450px;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Russia" title="Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia">Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;"><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_Russia" title="Military academies in Russia">Military academy</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_3rd_rank" title="Captain 3rd rank">Captain 3rd rank</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a>'s/<a href="/wiki/Captain_1st_rank" title="Captain 1st rank">Captain 1st rank</a>'s positions<br />(1 year at least) </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">5 years at least </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 450px;"><a href="/wiki/Adjunctura_in_Russia" title="Adjunctura in Russia">Adjunctura</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;"><a href="/wiki/Military_commissioning_schools_in_Russia" title="Military commissioning schools in Russia">Military school</a> or <a href="/wiki/Military_training_centers_of_civilian_universities_(Russia)" title="Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)">Military training center</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">no less than 2 years </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 250px;">5 years at least </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reserve_components">Reserve components</h2></div> <p>Russian Armed Forces have reserves (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: запас; <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a>: zapas) which includes 2 components:<sup id="cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law53-FZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Active reserve – Mobilization human reserve (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: мобилизационный людской резерв; <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a>: mobilizatsionnyy lyudskoy reserv)</li> <li>Inactive reserve – Mobilization human resource (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: мобилизационный людской ресурс; <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a>: mobilizatsionnyy lyudskoy resurs)</li></ul> <p>By default, at the end of <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">active duty</a> each military personnel is enrolled as a <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve" title="Military reserve">mobilization human resource</a>. This applies equally to <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscripts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_volunteer" title="Military volunteer">volunteers</a> regardless of <a href="/wiki/Military_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Military ranks">ranks</a>. Furthermore, graduates of civilian institutions of higher education, who have graduated the <a href="/wiki/Military_training_centers_of_civilian_universities_(Russia)" title="Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)">military training centers</a> of their almae matres, trained under <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officer_Training_in_Russia" title="Reserve Officer Training in Russia">reserve officer program</a>, are enrolled as mobilization Human Resources after their <a href="/wiki/Commission_(document)" title="Commission (document)">promotion</a> to <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officer's</a> rank (unlike graduates of such centers, trained under <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">active duty</a> officer program, who are due to be enrolled for <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">active duty</a> after their promotion to <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officer's</a> rank). Mobilization human resource are replenished with males who reach the age of 27 years old and were not in <a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">military service</a> for any reason. </p><p>Enrolling in the <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">mobilization human reserve</a> is voluntary and implies the special contract. This possibility is available for each persons, who is in the mobilization human resource already.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial contract is concluded for 3 years period. Military personnel of mobilization human reserve (reservists) perform part-time duties in military units.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reservists are appointed to a military position in particular military units and are involved in all operational, mobilization, and combat activities of these military units. As a rule, in peacetime time reservists perform their duties 2–3 days per month and during an annual military camp training of 20 to 30 days.<sup id="cite_ref-izru13feb18_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-izru13feb18-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exact number of reservists is unknown because a relevant paragraph of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Presidential</a> Decree<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which determines the number of reserve troops is classified. The military units manned by reservists are determined by <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation">General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation</a>, and this information is classified too. </p><p>The persons who are in mobilization human resource (non-reservists) may be enlisted to military camp trainings in peacetime. The duration of each training can not exceed 2 months, herewith the total duration of such trainings for the entire period of being in mobilization human resource can not exceed 12 months, and a person may be enlisted in such training no more than once every three years.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2009, the number of citizens who can be used for mobilization deployment on an involuntary basis in the case of wartime mobilization was estimated at 31 million.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reservists are subject to mobilization in wartime first of all. Non-reservists are subject to mobilization secondarily. The mobilization of non-reservists is carried out by taking into account the age category under the article 53 of Federal Law of 28 March 1998, No.53-FZ "About military duty and military service": in order from first category to third category.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first category includes: 1) the persons at the any military rank below that of a commissioned officer (<a href="/wiki/Enlisted_rank" title="Enlisted rank">enlisted personnel</a>) and not reached the age of 35 years old; 2) the persons at the any rank from <a href="/wiki/Junior_lieutenant" title="Junior lieutenant">junior lieutenant</a> to <a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">captain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Captain_lieutenant" title="Captain lieutenant">captain-lieutenant</a> in naval service) inclusively (junior <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)#Commission_sources_and_training" title="Officer (armed forces)">commissioned officers</a>) and not reached the age of 50 years old; 3) the persons at the any rank from <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">major</a> (<a href="/wiki/Captain_3rd_rank" title="Captain 3rd rank">captain 3rd rank</a> in naval service) to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">lieutenant colonel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Captain_2nd_rank" title="Captain 2nd rank">captain 2nd rank</a> in naval service) inclusively and not reached the age of 55 years old; 4) the persons at the rank of <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Captain_1st_rank" title="Captain 1st rank">captain 1st rank</a> in naval service) and not reached the age of 60 years old; 5) the persons at the rank of <a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">major general</a> (<a href="/wiki/Counter_admiral" title="Counter admiral">counter admiral</a> in naval service) or higher (supreme officers) and not reached the age of 65 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second category includes: 1) enlisted personnel in age from 35 but less than 45; 2) junior commissioned officers in the age from 50 but less than 55; 3) commissioned officers at the any rank from major (captain 3rd rank in naval service) to lieutenant colonel (captain 2nd rank in naval service) inclusively in the age from 55 but less than 60; 4) commissioned officers at the rank of colonel (captain 1st rank in naval service) in the age from 60 but less than 65; 5) supreme officers in age from 65 but less than 70.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The third category includes: 1) enlisted personnel in the age from 45 but less than 50; 2) junior commissioned officers in the age from 55 but less than 60; 3) commissioned officers at the any rank from major (captain 3rd rank in naval service) to lieutenant colonel (captain 2nd rank in naval service) inclusively in the age from 60 but less than 65; 4) all females in the age less than 45 for enlisted personnel and less than 50 for commissioned officers. The person who has reached the age limit, established for the third category (the second category for persons at the rank of colonel (captain 1st rank in naval service) or higher), is retired and is not subject to mobilization.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_100-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_101-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Age limits in the reserve component of Russian Armed Forces (males)<sup id="cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law53-FZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">Military rank </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">Mobilization human reserve </th> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; width: 450px;">Mobilization human resource </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Age limit for signing first contract </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Age limit for tenure </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">First grade<br />Age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Second grade<br />Age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Third grade<br />Age limit </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Marshal of the Russian Federation">Marshal of the Russian Federation</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">65 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">70 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Army_general_(Russia)" title="Army general (Russia)">Army general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet_(Russia)" title="Admiral of the fleet (Russia)">Admiral of the fleet</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">65 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">70 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_general" title="Colonel general">Colonel general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">65 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">70 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">Lieutenant general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">Vice admiral</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">65 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">70 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Major general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Counter_admiral" title="Counter admiral">Counter admiral</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">65 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">70 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_1st_rank" title="Captain 1st rank">Captain 1st rank</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">57 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">65 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">60 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">65 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant colonel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_2nd_rank" title="Captain 2nd rank">Captain 2nd rank</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">52 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">60 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">55 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">60 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">65 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_3rd_rank" title="Captain 3rd rank">Captain 3rd rank</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">52 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">60 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">55 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">60 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">65 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_lieutenant" title="Captain lieutenant">Captain lieutenant</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">47 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">55 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">55 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">60 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_lieutenant" title="Senior lieutenant">Senior lieutenant</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">47 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">55 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">55 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">60 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">47 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">55 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">55 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">60 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Junior_lieutenant" title="Junior lieutenant">Junior lieutenant</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">47 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">55 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">55 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">60 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Starshy_praporshchik" title="Starshy praporshchik">Senior praporshchik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starshy_michman" title="Starshy michman">Senior michman</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">35 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Praporshchik" title="Praporshchik">Praporshchik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Michman" title="Michman">Michman</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">35 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Starshina" title="Starshina">Starshina</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glavny_starshina_of_the_ship" title="Glavny starshina of the ship">Chief ship starshina</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">35 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_sergeant" title="Senior sergeant">Senior sergeant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glavny_starshina" title="Glavny starshina">Chief starshina</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">35 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starshina_1st_class" title="Starshina 1st class">Starshina 1st class</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">35 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Junior_sergeant" title="Junior sergeant">Junior sergeant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starshina_2nd_class" title="Starshina 2nd class">Starshina 2nd class</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">35 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Gefreiter" title="Gefreiter">Gefreiter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Leading_seaman" title="Leading seaman">Senior seaman</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">35 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private</a>/<a href="/wiki/Seaman_(rank)" title="Seaman (rank)">Seaman</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">35 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Age limits in the reserve component of Russian Armed Forces (females)<sup id="cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law53-FZ-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">Military rank </th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;">Mobilization human reserve </th> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: center; width: 450px;">Mobilization human resource </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Age limit for signing first contract </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Age limit for tenure </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">First grade<br />Age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Second grade<br />Age limit </th> <th style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">Third grade<br />Age limit </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Marshal of the Russian Federation">Marshal of the Russian Federation</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Army_general_(Russia)" title="Army general (Russia)">Army general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_fleet_(Russia)" title="Admiral of the fleet (Russia)">Admiral of the fleet</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_general" title="Colonel general">Colonel general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">Lieutenant general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">Vice admiral</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Major general</a>/<a href="/wiki/Counter_admiral" title="Counter admiral">Counter admiral</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_1st_rank" title="Captain 1st rank">Captain 1st rank</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">47 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lieutenant colonel</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_2nd_rank" title="Captain 2nd rank">Captain 2nd rank</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">47 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_3rd_rank" title="Captain 3rd rank">Captain 3rd rank</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">47 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(armed_forces)" title="Captain (armed forces)">Captain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Captain_lieutenant" title="Captain lieutenant">Captain lieutenant</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">47 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_lieutenant" title="Senior lieutenant">Senior lieutenant</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">47 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">47 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Junior_lieutenant" title="Junior lieutenant">Junior lieutenant</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">47 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">50 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Starshy_praporshchik" title="Starshy praporshchik">Senior praporshchik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starshy_michman" title="Starshy michman">Senior michman</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Praporshchik" title="Praporshchik">Praporshchik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Michman" title="Michman">Michman</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Starshina" title="Starshina">Starshina</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glavny_starshina_of_the_ship" title="Glavny starshina of the ship">Chief ship starshina</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_sergeant" title="Senior sergeant">Senior sergeant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Glavny_starshina" title="Glavny starshina">Chief starshina</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starshina_1st_class" title="Starshina 1st class">Starshina 1st class</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Junior_sergeant" title="Junior sergeant">Junior sergeant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Starshina_2nd_class" title="Starshina 2nd class">Starshina 2nd class</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Gefreiter" title="Gefreiter">Gefreiter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Leading_seaman" title="Leading seaman">Senior seaman</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 300px;"><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private</a>/<a href="/wiki/Seaman_(rank)" title="Seaman (rank)">Seaman</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">42 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">— </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;">45 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005–2008_reform_of_the_reserve_officer_training_system"><span id="2005.E2.80.932008_reform_of_the_reserve_officer_training_system"></span>2005–2008 reform of the reserve officer training system</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officer_Training_in_Russia" title="Reserve Officer Training in Russia">The reserve officer training system</a>, inherited from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, involved selective conscription of graduates of civilian institutions of higher education, who have graduated the <a href="/wiki/Military_departments_of_civilian_universities_(Soviet_Union_and_post-Soviet_area)" title="Military departments of civilian universities (Soviet Union and post-Soviet area)">military departments</a> of their almae matres and received a <a href="/wiki/Commission_(document)" title="Commission (document)">commission</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officer</a>. Such person could be conscripted from the reserve of armed forces to active duty, up until the age of 27. The period of active duty of such an officer was several years, and at the end of that period he was due to be enlisted in the reserve of armed forces again. Such officers were called "blazers" in the army's slang (for example, <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Kvashnin" title="Anatoly Kvashnin">Anatoly Kvashnin</a> was a "blazer").<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Minister of Defence (Russia)">Minister of Defence</a> <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Ivanov" title="Sergei Ivanov">Sergei Ivanov</a> announced a significant reduction in the number of military departments carrying out the training commissioned officers from students of civilian institutions of higher education.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By March 2008, 168 of 235 civilian universities, academies and institutions which previously had military departments had lost these units.<sup id="cite_ref-rbc11mar08_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbc11mar08-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 37 of 67 civilian universities, academies and institutions which retained military departments became the basis for the establishment of new military training centers.<sup id="cite_ref-rbc11mar08_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbc11mar08-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military training centers focused on training officers for active duty, whilst the military departments focused on training officers for the reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006 the conscription of reserve officers was abolished. Graduates of military departments were not subject to conscription to active duty anymore (with the exception of a wartime mobilization). All graduates of military training centers were due to be enrolled for 3 years active duty upon their university graduation.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018_beginning_of_formation_of_voluntary_military_reserve_force">2018 beginning of formation of voluntary military reserve force</h3></div> <p>In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> started a full-scale formation of a <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">military reserve force</a> based upon <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_military" title="Volunteer military">volunteers</a> selected from among those who retired from <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">active duty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-izru13feb18_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-izru13feb18-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian military reserve force (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">мобилизационный людской резерв</span>) is a set of citizens who have signed a contract to perform military service as a reservist. They are appointed to a military position in a particular <a href="/wiki/Military_organization#Commands,_formations,_and_units" title="Military organization">military unit</a>. They are involved in all operational, mobilization, and combat activities of these military units, unlike other citizens who haven't signed such contracts and who can be used for a mobilization deployment of armed forces on an involuntary basis only in cases stipulated by law (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">мобилизационный людской ресурс</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The deployment of <a href="/wiki/Military_organization#Commands,_formations,_and_units" title="Military organization">military units</a> composed of reservists, takes minimum time and does not requires any retraining of <a href="/wiki/Military_personnel" title="Military personnel">military personnel</a>. The military units composed of reservists use the same weapons as used by military units, composed of <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">active duty</a> military personnel. Military units staffed by <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">reservists</a> are 100% manned up to wartime standards just like military units staffed by active duty military personnel only. There is no possibility to define by military units designation what we're dealing with - reserve or not reserve military unit. The number of reservists is not presented in open sources and is not among the number of active duty <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_military" title="Volunteer military">military volunteers</a> which is published by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a>. This makes it difficult for establish real troop strength of new Russian military units and formations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_reform_of_the_reserve_officer_training_system">2019 reform of the reserve officer training system</h3></div> <p>In 2018 the military departments and the military training centers were abolished.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From that moment on, students of civilian institutions of higher education were trained under both officers training programmes (for reserve and for active duty) in the <a href="/wiki/Military_training_centers_of_civilian_universities_(Russia)" title="Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)">Military Training Centers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, there were training military centers in 93 civilian institutions of higher education.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobilization">Mobilization</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization" title="2022 Russian mobilization">The first</a> <a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">mobilization</a> of citizens being in <a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">mobilization human resource</a>, conducted on a compulsory basis, in the Russian Federation's history was announced by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Presidential</a> Decree of 21 September 2022 No.647 during the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budget">Budget</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Military budget of the Russian Federation">Military budget of the Russian Federation</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_Europe_by_military_expenditures" title="List of countries in Europe by military expenditures">List of countries in Europe by military expenditures</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_and_Russian_military_expenditures_in_constant_2015_dollars_(SIPRI_figures).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Soviet_and_Russian_military_expenditures_in_constant_2015_dollars_%28SIPRI_figures%29.png/220px-Soviet_and_Russian_military_expenditures_in_constant_2015_dollars_%28SIPRI_figures%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Soviet_and_Russian_military_expenditures_in_constant_2015_dollars_%28SIPRI_figures%29.png/330px-Soviet_and_Russian_military_expenditures_in_constant_2015_dollars_%28SIPRI_figures%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Soviet_and_Russian_military_expenditures_in_constant_2015_dollars_%28SIPRI_figures%29.png/440px-Soviet_and_Russian_military_expenditures_in_constant_2015_dollars_%28SIPRI_figures%29.png 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> military expenditures in billions of 2015 US dollars</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Defense_Management_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/National_Defense_Management_Center.jpg/220px-National_Defense_Management_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/National_Defense_Management_Center.jpg/330px-National_Defense_Management_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/National_Defense_Management_Center.jpg/440px-National_Defense_Management_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="390" /></a><figcaption>The facade of the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Management_Center" title="National Defense Management Center">National Defense Management Center</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F)_1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%28%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%29_1.jpeg/220px-thumbnail.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%28%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%29_1.jpeg/330px-thumbnail.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%28%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%29_1.jpeg/440px-thumbnail.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>The conference room of the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Management_Center" title="National Defense Management Center">National Defense Management Center</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1991 and 1997 newly independent Russia's defence spending fell by a factor of eight in real prices.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, when Russia <a href="/wiki/1998_Russian_financial_crisis" title="1998 Russian financial crisis">experienced a severe financial crisis</a>, its military expenditure in real terms reached its lowest point—barely one-quarter of the USSR's in 1991, and two-fifths of the level of 1992, the first year of Russia's independent existence. </p><p>In the early 2000s, defence spending increased by at least a minimum of one-third year-on-year, leading to overall defence expenditure almost quadrupling over the past six years, and according to Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kudrin" title="Alexei Kudrin">Alexei Kudrin</a>, this rate is to be sustained through 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Official government military spending for 2005 was US$32.4 billion, though various sources, have estimated Russia's military expenditures to be considerably higher than the reported amount.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estimating Russian military expenditure is beset with difficulty; the annual <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">IISS Military Balance</a> has underscored the problem numerous times within its section on Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IISS <i>Military Balance</i> comments, "By simple observation ... [the military budget] would appear to be lower than is suggested by the size of the armed forces or the structure of the <a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">military–industrial complex</a>, and thus neither of the figures is particularly useful for comparative analysis."<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By some estimates, overall Russian defence expenditure is now at the second highest in the world after the USA.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Alexander Kanshin, Chairman of the Public Chamber of Russia on affairs of veterans, military personnel, and their families, the Russian military is losing up to US$13 billion to corruption every year.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 September 2008 Russian <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> announced that in 2009, <a href="/wiki/Federal_budget_of_Russia" title="Federal budget of Russia">Russia's defence budget</a> would be increased to a record amount of $50 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 February 2009 Russia's deputy defence minister said state <a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry of Russia">defence contracts</a> would not be subject to cuts this year despite the ongoing financial crisis, and that there would be no decrease in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The budget would still be 1.376 trillion rubles and in the current exchange rates this would amount to $41.5 billion. </p><p>Later in February 2009, due to the world financial crisis, the Russian Parliament's Defence Committee stated that the Russian defence budget would instead be slashed by 15 percent, from $40 billion to $34 billion, with further cuts to come.<sup id="cite_ref-UPI_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 May 2009, First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov said that the defence budget for 2009 will be 1.3 trillion rubles (US$39.4 billion). 322 billion rubles are allocated to purchase weapons, and the rest of the fund will be spent on construction, fuel storage and food supply. </p><p>According to the head of the Defence Committee of the State Duma Vladimir Komoyedov, Russia plans to spend 101.15 billion rubles on nuclear weapons in 2013–2015. "The budget provisions under 'The Nuclear Weapons Complex' section in 2013-2015 will amount to 29.28 billion rubles, 33.3 billion rubles and 38.57 billion rubles respectively," Komoyedov said, Vechernaya Moskva reports. </p><p>Komoyedov added that in 2012 the spending on nuclear weapons made up 27.4 billion rubles. The draft law "On the Federal Budget for 2013 and for the planning period of 2014 and 2015" will be discussed in the first reading on 19 October 2012, The Voice of Russia reports.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Military_Expenditures_by_Country.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/2018_Military_Expenditures_by_Country.png/273px-2018_Military_Expenditures_by_Country.png" decoding="async" width="273" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/2018_Military_Expenditures_by_Country.png/410px-2018_Military_Expenditures_by_Country.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/2018_Military_Expenditures_by_Country.png/546px-2018_Military_Expenditures_by_Country.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption>Pie chart showing global military expenditures by country for 2018, in US$ billions, according to the International Institute for Strategic Studies</figcaption></figure> <p>The Russian government's published 2014 military budget is about 2.49 trillion <a href="/wiki/Rubles" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubles">rubles</a> (approximately US$69.3 billion), the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">fourth largest</a> in the world behind the US, China and Saudi Arabia. The official budget is set to rise to 3.03 trillion rubles (approximately US$83.7 billion) in 2015, and 3.36 trillion rubles (approximately US$93.9 billion) in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Kazak_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kazak-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2014, Russia's military budget is higher than any other European nation, and approximately 1/7th (14 percent) of the <a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_States" title="Military budget of the United States">US military budget</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, <a href="/wiki/SIPRI" class="mw-redirect" title="SIPRI">SIPRI</a> found that Russia was the world's second biggest exporter of major weapons for the period 2010–14, increasing exports by 37 per cent. India, China and Algeria accounted for almost 60 percent of total Russian exports. Asia and Oceania received 66 percent of Russian arms exports in 2010–14, Africa 12 percent and the Middle East 10 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Russia was reported to have slashed its defense spending by 20%, due to calls by Vladimir Putin to spend money on other initiatives such as healthcare and education. The cut decreased Russia's military spending to $66.3 billion, in which Russia slumped to being the fourth-highest military spender.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russia's 2019 defense budget was US$48 billion and the 2020 figure was $61.7 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, due to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> on 24 February 2022, the Russian government has dramatically increased military spending to over 85+ billion dollars, returning to third position as the highest military spender in the world. The increase in military spending was needed to recoup losses in the war and reorientate Russia into a <a href="/wiki/War_economy" title="War economy">war economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SIPRI-2020_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIPRI-2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 October 2023, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> stated that Russia's spending on defense and security now equals to 6% of its GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Procurement">Procurement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arms_industry_of_Russia" title="Arms industry of Russia">Arms industry of Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by military expenditures">List of countries by military expenditures</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sukhoi_Design_Bureau,_054,_Sukhoi_Su-57_(49581303977).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg/220px-Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg/330px-Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg/440px-Sukhoi_Design_Bureau%2C_054%2C_Sukhoi_Su-57_%2849581303977%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_PAK_FA" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukhoi PAK FA">Sukhoi PAK FA</a> is one of the latest procurement projects of the Russian Armed Forces.</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>About 70 percent of the former Soviet Union's defence industries are located in the Russian Federation.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many defence firms have been <a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_Russia" title="Privatization in Russia">privatised</a>; some have developed significant partnerships with firms in other countries. </p><p>The recent steps towards <a href="/wiki/Modernization_theory" title="Modernization theory">modernization</a> of the Armed Forces have been made possible by Russia's economic resurgence based on <a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil and gas">oil and gas</a> revenues as well a strengthening of its own <a href="/wiki/Domestic_market" title="Domestic market">domestic market</a>. Currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the military is in the middle of a major equipment upgrade, with the government in the process of spending about $200 billion (what equals to about $400 billion in PPP dollars) on development and production of military equipment between 2006 and 2015 under the State Armament Programme for 2007–2015 (GPV – госпрограмма вооружения).<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mainly as a result of lessons learned during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a>, the State Armament Programme for 2011–2020 was launched in December 2010. Prime Minister Putin announced that 20–21.5 trillion rubles (over $650 billion) will be allocated to purchase new hardware in the next 10 years. The aim is to have a growth of 30% of modern equipment in the army, navy and air force by 2015, and of 70% by 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some categories, the proportion of new weapon systems will reach 80% or even 100%.<sup id="cite_ref-Moscow_Defence_Brief_#1,_2011_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moscow_Defence_Brief_#1,_2011-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2011, Russia's chief military prosecutor said that 20 percent of the defence budget was being stolen or defrauded yearly.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is suspected that equipment is not properly maintained due to the resulting lack of funds, which may have contributed to equipment failures observed during the 2022 invasion of Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Economist_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newyorker.com_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker.com-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, RF Armed Forces adopted 35 types of weapons and military equipment and completed state tests of 21 more.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Russian Ministry of Defence (MoD) was procured the YeSU TZ (Yedinaya Sistema Upravleniya Takticheskogo Zvena) battlefield management system that same year. The YeSU TZ battlefield management system incorporates 11 subsystems that control artillery, electronic warfare systems, ground vehicles, air defence assets, engineering equipment, and logistics support, among other things.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Twelve missile regiments have been rearmed with Yars ICBMs, 10 missile brigades with Iskander tactical ballistic missile systems, 13 aviation regiments with MiG-31BM, <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-35" title="Sukhoi Su-35">Su-35S</a>, Su-30SM, and Su-34 combat aircraft, three army aviation brigades and six helicopter regiments with Mi-28N and Ka-52 combat helicopters, 20 surface-to-air missile (SAM) regiments with <a href="/wiki/S-400_missile_system" title="S-400 missile system">S-400 Triumf</a> SAM systems, 23 batteries with <a href="/wiki/Pantsir_missile_system" title="Pantsir missile system">Pantsir-S</a> self-propelled anti-aircraft gun-missile systems, and 17 batteries with Bal and Bastion mobile coastal defence missile systems [MCDMSs] since 2012 and as of March 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 2023, there were reports that the Russian Defense Ministry purchased more than a thousand tablets with a domestic software for higher-ranking officials and also begun receiving a new line of gliding bombs with a range of tens of kilometers.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported on 13 September 2023, citing US and European officials, that Russia overcomes the <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine">international sanctions</a> and its missile production now exceeded pre-war levels. It was also reported that Russia now produces more ammunitions than the United States and Europe and it can manufacture 200 tanks and two million units of ammunition in a year.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> also reported in September 2023 that Russia produces ammunition seven times cheaper and eight times faster than Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2023, various Russian regions launched the production of suicide drones at their own initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vladimir Putin also claimed that the production of main armored vehicles has increased by four times in comparison with the past year and the production of the especially important destruction means by three times.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Russian Ministry of Defense,<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Russian Armed Forces received in 2023 several hundreds of thousands of small arms, new and repaired weapon systems, military vehicles and equipment, artillery systems, air defense systems, missiles and bombs, aircraft and helicopters, drones, and also over a million individual armor protection and equipment means.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> reported on 11 March 2024 that Russia currently produces about 250,000 artillery shells a month or about 3 million a year which is nearly three times the quantity the <a href="/wiki/US" class="mw-redirect" title="US">US</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> produce for <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. CNN cited Western intelligence officials and also said that Russia imports ammunition from <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuclear_weapons">Nuclear weapons</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Russia and weapons of mass destruction</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PC-24_%C2%AB%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%81%C2%BB.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/PC-24_%C2%AB%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%81%C2%BB.JPG/220px-PC-24_%C2%AB%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%81%C2%BB.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/PC-24_%C2%AB%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%81%C2%BB.JPG/330px-PC-24_%C2%AB%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%81%C2%BB.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/PC-24_%C2%AB%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%81%C2%BB.JPG/440px-PC-24_%C2%AB%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%81%C2%BB.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A mobile version of the <a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 Yars</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%C2%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%C2%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%C2%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%C2%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg/330px-%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%C2%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%C2%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg/440px-%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%C2%BB_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Borei-class_submarine" title="Borei-class submarine"><i>Borei</i>-class submarine</a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_submarine_Alexander_Nevsky_(K-550)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian submarine Alexander Nevsky (K-550)"><i>Alexander Nevsky</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of January 2017, the Federation of American Scientists estimated that Russia has approximately 1,765 deployed strategic warheads, and another 2,700 non-deployed strategic and deployed and non-deployed tactical warheads, plus an additional 2,510 warheads awaiting dismantlement.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russia's <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Rocket_Forces" title="Strategic Rocket Forces">Strategic Rocket Forces</a> controls its land-based nuclear warheads, while the Navy controls the submarine based missiles and the Aerospace Forces the air-launched warheads. Russia's nuclear warheads are deployed in four areas: </p> <ol><li>Land-based immobile (silos), like <a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36</a> and its replacement <a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">RS-28 Sarmat</a>.</li> <li>Land-based mobile, like <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM2_Topol-M" title="RT-2PM2 Topol-M">RT-2PM2 Topol-M</a> and new <a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24 Yars</a>.</li> <li>Submarine based, like <a href="/wiki/R-29RMU2_Layner" title="R-29RMU2 Layner">R-29RMU2 Layner</a> and <a href="/wiki/RSM-56_Bulava" title="RSM-56 Bulava">RSM-56 Bulava</a>.</li> <li>Air-launched warheads of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Russian Aerospace Forces</a>' <a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Range Aviation">Long Range Aviation Command</a></li></ol> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine_of_Russia" title="Military doctrine of Russia">military doctrine of Russia</a> sees <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> expansion as one of the threats for the Russian Federation and reserves the right to use nuclear weapons in response to a conventional aggression that can endanger the existence of the state. In keeping with this, the country's nuclear forces received adequate funding throughout the late 1990s. The number of <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">intercontinental ballistic missiles</a> and warheads on active duty has declined over the years, in part in keeping with arms limitation agreements with the U.S. and in part due to insufficient spending on maintenance, but this is balanced by the deployment of new missiles as proof against missile defences.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Russia has developed the new <a href="/wiki/RT-2PM2_Topol-M" title="RT-2PM2 Topol-M">RT-2PM2 Topol-M</a> (SS-27) missiles that a Russian general claimed to be able to penetrate any missile defence, including the planned U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Missile_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="National Missile Defence">National Missile Defence</a>. The missile can change course in both air and space to avoid countermeasures. It is designed to be launched from land-based, mobile <a href="/wiki/Transporter-erector-launcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Transporter-erector-launcher">TEL</a> units.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_152-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of international awareness of the danger that Russian nuclear technology might fall into the hands of terrorists or rogue officers who it was feared might want to use nuclear weapons to threaten or attack other countries, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government of the United States</a> and many other countries provided considerable financial assistance to the Russian nuclear forces in the early 1990s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This money went in part to finance decommissioning of warheads under international agreements, such the <a href="/wiki/Nunn%E2%80%93Lugar_Cooperative_Threat_Reduction" title="Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction">Cooperative Threat Reduction</a> programme, but also to improve security and personnel training in Russian nuclear facilities. </p><p>In the late evening of 11 September 2007 the <a href="/wiki/Thermobaric_weapon" title="Thermobaric weapon">fuel-air explosive</a> AVBPM or "<a href="/wiki/Father_of_All_Bombs" title="Father of All Bombs">Father of All Bombs</a>" was successfully <a href="/wiki/Live_fire_exercise" title="Live fire exercise">field-tested</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adjunctura_in_Russia" title="Adjunctura in Russia">Adjunctura in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_emblems_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Awards and emblems of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation">Awards and emblems of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russian_military_ranks" title="History of Russian military ranks">History of Russian military ranks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Army ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation">Army ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation">Naval ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Cathedral_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Main Cathedral of the Russian Armed Forces">Main Cathedral of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_Russia" title="Military academies in Russia">Military academies in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Band_Service_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Russia" title="Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia">Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_commissioning_schools_in_Russia" title="Military commissioning schools in Russia">Military commissioning schools in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officer_Training_in_Russia" title="Reserve Officer Training in Russia">Reserve Officer Training in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Uniforms of the Russian Armed Forces">Uniforms of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_schools_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Warrant officer schools of the Russian Armed Forces">Warrant officer schools of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russian: Вооружённые Си́лы Росси́йской Федера́ции, Vooruzhyonnyye Sily Rossiyskoy Federatsii</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The potential reserve personnel of Russia may be as high as 20 million, depending on how the figures are counted. However, an est. 2 million have seen military service within the last 5 years.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Law53-FZ-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Law53-FZ_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000505&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=28.03.1998&a8=53-%D4%C7&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=67&y=18">О воинской обязанности и военной службе</a> [About military duty and military service] (Federal Law 53-FZ) (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a>. 28 March 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%D0%9E+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B5&rft.pub=State+Duma&rft.date=1998-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000505%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D28.03.1998%26a8%3D53-%25D4%25C7%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D67%26y%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728121154/http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?start_search&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000505&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=28.03.1998&a8=53-%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=67&y=18&fattrib=1">"Законодательство России. Расширенный поиск"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?start_search&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000505&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=28.03.1998&a8=53-%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=67&y=18&fattrib=1">the original</a> on 28 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fstart_search%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000505%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D28.03.1998%26a8%3D53-%25EF%25BF%25BD%25EF%25BF%25BD%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D67%26y%3D18%26fattrib%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728121154/http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?start_search&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000505&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=28">"Законодательство России. Расширенный поиск"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?start_search&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000505&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=28.03.1998&a8=53-%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=67&y=18&fattrib=1">the original</a> on 28 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fstart_search%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000505%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D28.03.1998%26a8%3D53-%25EF%25BF%25BD%25EF%25BF%25BD%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D67%26y%3D18%26fattrib%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Russian_Military-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Russian_Military_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasters2015" class="citation web cs1">Masters, Jonathan (28 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/russian-military">"The Russian Military"</a>. <i>Council on Foreign Relations</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917104334/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/russian-military">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.atitle=The+Russian+Military&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft.aulast=Masters&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fbackgrounder%2Frussian-military&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrosMappesHarwardHird2024" class="citation web cs1">Barros, George; Mappes, Grace; Harward, Christina; Hird, Karolina; Zehrung, Haley; Gasparyan, Davit; Ganzeveld, Annika (16 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-september-16-2024">"Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 16, 2024"</a>. <i>Institute for the Study of War</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Russia+Beyond&rft.atitle=Russia+continues+to+buy+Iveco+LMV+armored+cars+from+Italy&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft.aulast=Korolkov&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbth.com%2Fdefence%2F2016%2F01%2F25%2Frussia-continues-to-buy-iveco-lmv-armored-cars-from-italy_562027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221017-russia-s-use-of-iranian-drones-shows-up-domestic-weakness">"Russia's use of Iranian drones shows up domestic weakness"</a>. <i>France 24</i>. 17 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027120436/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221017-russia-s-use-of-iranian-drones-shows-up-domestic-weakness">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%22%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%97%D0%B5%22.+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%83+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B%2C+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Frussian%2Ffeatures-63177093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovalev2022" class="citation web cs1">Kovalev, Alexey (19 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/19/russia-ukraine-war-putin-defeat-retreat-mobilization-military-corruption/">"As War Hits the Homefront, Russia's Defeat Inches Closer"</a>. <i>Foreign Policy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221217231239/https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/10/19/russia-ukraine-war-putin-defeat-retreat-mobilization-military-corruption/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=As+War+Hits+the+Homefront%2C+Russia%27s+Defeat+Inches+Closer&rft.date=2022-10-19&rft.aulast=Kovalev&rft.aufirst=Alexey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2022%2F10%2F19%2Frussia-ukraine-war-putin-defeat-retreat-mobilization-military-corruption%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/20/the-army-has-nothing-new-russian-conscripts-bemoan-lack-of-supplies">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The army has nothing': new Russian conscripts bemoan lack of supplies"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 20 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230225102851/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/20/the-army-has-nothing-new-russian-conscripts-bemoan-lack-of-supplies">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27The+army+has+nothing%27%3A+new+Russian+conscripts+bemoan+lack+of+supplies&rft.date=2022-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Foct%2F20%2Fthe-army-has-nothing-new-russian-conscripts-bemoan-lack-of-supplies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12606">Russian Military Performance and Outlook</a> <i>Congressional Research Service.</i> Updated October 10, 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonneLamotheIlyushina2022" class="citation news cs1">Sonne, Paul; Lamothe, Dan; Ilyushina, Mary (13 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/09/13/putin-russia-military-spent-ukraine/">"Rapid loss of territory in Ukraine reveals spent Russian military"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220914234329/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/09/13/putin-russia-military-spent-ukraine/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Rapid+loss+of+territory+in+Ukraine+reveals+spent+Russian+military&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft.aulast=Sonne&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Lamothe%2C+Dan&rft.au=Ilyushina%2C+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2F2022%2F09%2F13%2Fputin-russia-military-spent-ukraine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Economist-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Economist_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Economist_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/02/28/the-woes-of-the-russian-war-machine-are-big-and-real-are-they-also-temporary">"The woes of the Russian war machine are big and real. Are they also temporary?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 28 February 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313021041/https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/02/28/the-woes-of-the-russian-war-machine-are-big-and-real-are-they-also-temporary">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+woes+of+the+Russian+war+machine+are+big+and+real.+Are+they+also+temporary%3F&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Feurope%2F2022%2F02%2F28%2Fthe-woes-of-the-russian-war-machine-are-big-and-real-are-they-also-temporary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newyorker.com0-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newyorker.com0_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-russian-militarys-debacle-in-ukraine">"The Russian Military's Debacle in Ukraine"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. 11 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220323052142/https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-russian-militarys-debacle-in-ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Russian+Military%27s+Debacle+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fq-and-a%2Fthe-russian-militarys-debacle-in-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosardHolynska2022" class="citation web cs1">Posard, Marek N.; Holynska, Khrystyna (21 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://breakingdefense.com/2022/03/russia-has-a-military-professionalism-problem-and-it-is-costing-them-in-ukraine/">"Russia has a military professionalism problem, and it is costing them in Ukraine"</a>. <i>Breaking Defense</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220805231345/https://breakingdefense.com/2022/03/russia-has-a-military-professionalism-problem-and-it-is-costing-them-in-ukraine/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Breaking+Defense&rft.atitle=Russia+has+a+military+professionalism+problem%2C+and+it+is+costing+them+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-03-21&rft.aulast=Posard&rft.aufirst=Marek+N.&rft.au=Holynska%2C+Khrystyna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbreakingdefense.com%2F2022%2F03%2Frussia-has-a-military-professionalism-problem-and-it-is-costing-them-in-ukraine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrisé2024" class="citation report cs1">Grisé, Michelle (5 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/07/russias-speedy-military-rebuild-doesnt-tell-the-whole.html">Russia's Speedy Military Rebuild Doesn't Tell the Whole Story</a> (Report).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Speedy+Military+Rebuild+Doesn%27t+Tell+the+Whole+Story&rft.date=2024-07-05&rft.aulast=Gris%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rand.org%2Fpubs%2Fcommentary%2F2024%2F07%2Frussias-speedy-military-rebuild-doesnt-tell-the-whole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/92625/"><bdi lang="ru">Указ Президента РФ от 1 января 2008 г. № 1 "О штатной численности Вооруженных Сил Российской Федерации"</bdi></a> [RF Presidential Decree on 1 January 2008 № 1 "On the authorised strength of the Armed Forces"]. <i>Garant.ru</i> (in Russian). 6 February 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305193258/http://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/92625/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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RIA Novosti. 31 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170414091751/https://russiandefpolicy.blog/2013/10/31/766055/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2017</span> – via russiandefpolicy.blog.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=766%2C055&rft.date=2013-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frussiandefpolicy.blog%2F2013%2F10%2F31%2F766055%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20131024/972333455.html"><bdi lang="ru">Почти четверть должностей в ВC РФ были вакантными на начало года</bdi></a> [Almost a quarter of positions in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were vacant at the beginning of the year] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 24 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170414082240/https://ria.ru/defense_safety/20131024/972333455.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%92C+%D0%A0%D0%A4+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.date=2013-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2Fdefense_safety%2F20131024%2F972333455.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="SIPRI_Fact_Sheet,_March_2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319023856/http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_product_id=495">"Trends in International Arms Transfer, 2014"</a>. <i>www.sipri.org</i>. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_product_id=495">the original</a> on 19 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sipri.org&rft.atitle=Trends+in+International+Arms+Transfer%2C+2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.sipri.org%2Fproduct_info%3Fc_product_id%3D495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sipri1-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sipri1_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlo-FreemanAude_FleurantPieter_WezemanSiemon_Wezeman2016" class="citation web cs1">Perlo-Freeman, Sam; Aude Fleurant; Pieter Wezeman; Siemon Wezeman (April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420171221/http://books.sipri.org/files/FS/SIPRIFS1604.pdf">"Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.sipri.org/files/FS/SIPRIFS1604.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trends+in+World+Military+Expenditure%2C+2015&rft.pub=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.date=2016-04&rft.aulast=Perlo-Freeman&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.au=Aude+Fleurant&rft.au=Pieter+Wezeman&rft.au=Siemon+Wezeman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.sipri.org%2Ffiles%2FFS%2FSIPRIFS1604.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsru.com/world/24apr2017/sipri.html">Россия вышла на третье место в мире по объему военных расходов, оттеснив Саудовскую Аравию</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170424235459/http://www.newsru.com/world/24apr2017/sipri.html">Archived</a> 24 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/NEWSru" title="NEWSru">NEWSru</a>, 24 April 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom1998369–387-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom1998369–387_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdom1998">Odom 1998</a>, pp. 369–387.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For some early discussion on this period, see Richard Woff, "A Russian Army", <i><a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Intelligence_Review" title="Jane's Intelligence Review">Jane's Intelligence Review</a></i>, May 1992, 198-200. See also <i>Voenniy vestnik</i> No 12, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Korotkaya_Russian_gvardii.-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Korotkaya_Russian_gvardii._45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tsiganok.ru/vpa/reforma/doc/260">"Short life of the new Russian Guard"</a>. Tsiganok.ru. 21 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Short+life+of+the+new+Russian+Guard&rft.pub=Tsiganok.ru&rft.date=2006-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftsiganok.ru%2Fvpa%2Freforma%2Fdoc%2F260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121221184734/https://www.politika.su/prav/minobor.html"><bdi lang="ru">Министерство обороны Российской Федерации</bdi></a> [Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation] (in Russian). Politika.su. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politika.su/prav/minobor.html">the original</a> on 21 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=Politika.su&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politika.su%2Fprav%2Fminobor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Staff for Coordinating Military Cooperation was established as the CIS Joint Armed Forces High Command in March 1992 and then reorganised as the Coordinating Staff in August 1993. It quickly became a very weak body as the new states' authorities asserted their control over their own armed forces. (Russia and NIS Mineral Industry Handbook, International Business Publications, 2007.) <a href="/wiki/Army_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Army General">Army General</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Yakovlev_(general)" title="Vladimir Yakovlev (general)">Vladimir Yakovlev (general)</a> appears to have become Chief of the Staff in June 2001 (DS2002-0819).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gazeta.ru, "Military Machine Sentenced to Cut-back," 10 November 2000, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gazeta.ru/print/mmstcb.shtml">http://www.gazeta.ru/print/mmstcb.shtml</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBukkvoll2008" class="citation journal cs1">Bukkvoll, Tor (January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0095327X06294622">"Their Hands in the Till: Scale and Causes of Russian Military Corruption"</a>. <i>Armed Forces & Society</i>. <b>34</b> (2): 259–275. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0095327X06294622">10.1177/0095327X06294622</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0095-327X">0095-327X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145238073">145238073</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Armed+Forces+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Their+Hands+in+the+Till%3A+Scale+and+Causes+of+Russian+Military+Corruption&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=259-275&rft.date=2008-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145238073%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0095-327X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0095327X06294622&rft.aulast=Bukkvoll&rft.aufirst=Tor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0095327X06294622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/02/us/politics/ukraine-russia-casualties.html">"Soaring Death Toll Gives Grim Insight Into Russian Tactics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 2 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207184914/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/02/us/politics/ukraine-russia-casualties.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Soaring+Death+Toll+Gives+Grim+Insight+Into+Russian+Tactics&rft.date=2023-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F02%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fukraine-russia-casualties.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/terrible-toll-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-in-numbers/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Terrible toll': Russia's invasion of Ukraine in numbers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Euractiv" title="Euractiv">Euractiv</a></i>. 14 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230712061818/https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/terrible-toll-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-in-numbers/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euractiv&rft.atitle=%27Terrible+toll%27%3A+Russia%27s+invasion+of+Ukraine+in+numbers&rft.date=2023-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Fglobal-europe%2Fnews%2Fterrible-toll-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-in-numbers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussain2023" class="citation news cs1">Hussain, Murtaza (9 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2023/03/09/ukraine-war-russia-iran-iraq/">"The War in Ukraine Is Just Getting Started"</a>. <i>The Intercept</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230518234805/https://theintercept.com/2023/03/09/ukraine-war-russia-iran-iraq/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=The+War+in+Ukraine+Is+Just+Getting+Started&rft.date=2023-03-09&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=Murtaza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2023%2F03%2F09%2Fukraine-war-russia-iran-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsYen2022" class="citation news cs1">Burns, Robert; Yen, Hope (10 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/russia-appoints-new-ukraine-war-commander-dvornikov-225f976f9abfb5aff6154ac3b77c21e6">"US doubts new Russian war chief can end Moscow's floundering"</a>. AP News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605060139/https://apnews.com/article/russia-appoints-new-ukraine-war-commander-dvornikov-225f976f9abfb5aff6154ac3b77c21e6?utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=AP&utm_campaign=SocialFlow">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+doubts+new+Russian+war+chief+can+end+Moscow%27s+floundering&rft.date=2022-04-10&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Yen%2C+Hope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-appoints-new-ukraine-war-commander-dvornikov-225f976f9abfb5aff6154ac3b77c21e6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpalj-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jpalj_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPsaropoulos2022" class="citation news cs1">Psaropoulos, John (21 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/21/russia-resumes-hostilities-as-ukraine-targets-ammunition">"Russia resumes eastern Ukraine offensive and expands war aims"</a>. Al Jazeera Media Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725192317/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/21/russia-resumes-hostilities-as-ukraine-targets-ammunition">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+resumes+eastern+Ukraine+offensive+and+expands+war+aims&rft.date=2022-06-21&rft.aulast=Psaropoulos&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F7%2F21%2Frussia-resumes-hostilities-as-ukraine-targets-ammunition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-skyyt-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-skyyt_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgVplcsjxRc">"Ukraine War: Missiles hit Odesa hours after grain agreement"</a>. Sky News. YouTube. 23 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220803234052/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgVplcsjxRc">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ukraine+War%3A+Missiles+hit+Odesa+hours+after+grain+agreement&rft.date=2022-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DlgVplcsjxRc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f24un-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-f24un_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220722-live-ukraine-ports-to-reopen-after-grain-export-deal-with-russia-says-turkey">"UN officials announce grain exports deal with Russia, Ukraine and Turkey"</a>. FRANCE 24. 22 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220724120705/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220722-live-ukraine-ports-to-reopen-after-grain-export-deal-with-russia-says-turkey">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UN+officials+announce+grain+exports+deal+with+Russia%2C+Ukraine+and+Turkey&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Feurope%2F20220722-live-ukraine-ports-to-reopen-after-grain-export-deal-with-russia-says-turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dasuf-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dasuf_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAxe2022" class="citation news cs1">Axe, David (29 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/07/29/in-southern-ukraine-kyivs-artillery-drops-bridges-and-isolates-a-whole-russian-army/?sh=54b2cb0c1e1a">"In Southern Ukraine, Kyiv's Artillery Drops Bridges And Isolates A Whole Russian Army"</a>. <i>Forbes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220908151335/https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/07/29/in-southern-ukraine-kyivs-artillery-drops-bridges-and-isolates-a-whole-russian-army/?sh=54b2cb0c1e1a">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=In+Southern+Ukraine%2C+Kyiv%27s+Artillery+Drops+Bridges+And+Isolates+A+Whole+Russian+Army&rft.date=2022-07-29&rft.aulast=Axe&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fdavidaxe%2F2022%2F07%2F29%2Fin-southern-ukraine-kyivs-artillery-drops-bridges-and-isolates-a-whole-russian-army%2F%3Fsh%3D54b2cb0c1e1a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-economistexplains-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-economistexplains_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/03/07/what-is-the-wagner-group-russias-mercenary-organisation">"What is the Wagner Group, Russia's mercenary organisation?"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230202144401/https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2022/03/07/what-is-the-wagner-group-russias-mercenary-organisation">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2022</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"From a legal perspective, Wagner doesn't exist," says Sorcha MacLeod</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Wagner+Group%2C+Russia%27s+mercenary+organisation%3F&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fthe-economist-explains%2F2022%2F03%2F07%2Fwhat-is-the-wagner-group-russias-mercenary-organisation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborn2023" class="citation news cs1">Osborn, Andrew (13 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-backs-push-mercenary-groups-sign-contracts-despite-wagners-refusal-2023-06-13/">"Putin backs push for mercenary groups to sign contracts despite Wagner's refusal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230622143644/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-backs-push-mercenary-groups-sign-contracts-despite-wagners-refusal-2023-06-13/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Putin+backs+push+for+mercenary+groups+to+sign+contracts+despite+Wagner%27s+refusal&rft.date=2023-06-13&rft.aulast=Osborn&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fputin-backs-push-mercenary-groups-sign-contracts-despite-wagners-refusal-2023-06-13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/putin-in-crisis-as-wagner-chief-prigozhin-declares-war-on-russian-military-leadership/">"Putin in crisis: Wagner chief Prigozhin declares war on Russian military leadership, says 'we will destroy everything'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>POLITICO</i>. 23 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230623231535/https://www.politico.eu/article/putin-in-crisis-as-wagner-chief-prigozhin-declares-war-on-russian-military-leadership/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO&rft.atitle=Putin+in+crisis%3A+Wagner+chief+Prigozhin+declares+war+on+Russian+military+leadership%2C+says+%27we+will+destroy+everything%27&rft.date=2023-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fputin-in-crisis-as-wagner-chief-prigozhin-declares-war-on-russian-military-leadership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReganRaine2023" class="citation news cs1">Regan, Helen; Raine, Andrew (24 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-06-24-23/index.html">"Russia accuses Wagner chief Yevgeny Prigozhin of urging "armed rebellion": Live updates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230624073110/https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-06-24-23/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Russia+accuses+Wagner+chief+Yevgeny+Prigozhin+of+urging+%22armed+rebellion%22%3A+Live+updates&rft.date=2023-06-24&rft.aulast=Regan&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.au=Raine%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Feurope%2Flive-news%2Frussia-ukraine-war-news-06-24-23%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourke2023" class="citation news cs1">Bourke, Latika (24 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/live-updates-putin-vows-to-defend-russia-against-wagner-rebellion-20230624-p5dj6x.html">"Live updates: Putin vows to defend Russia against Wagner rebellion"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230624145405/https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/live-updates-putin-vows-to-defend-russia-against-wagner-rebellion-20230624-p5dj6x.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27I+know+we+will+win+%E2%80%93+and+how%27%3A+Ukraine%27s+top+general+on+turning+the+tables+against+Russia&rft.date=2024-07-24&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft.au=Mamo%2C+Alessio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fjul%2F24%2Fi-know-we-will-win-and-how-ukraines-top-general-on-turning-the-tables-against-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom199827-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom199827_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdom1998">Odom 1998</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interfax.ru/russia/253641">"Военная полиция появится в России 1 декабря 2012 года"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Interfax" title="Interfax">Interfax</a></i> (in Russian). 3 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023115756/https://www.interfax.ru/russia/253641">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interfax&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+1+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+2012+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.date=2012-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax.ru%2Frussia%2F253641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/putin-gives-russian-army-a-political-wing.685749">"Putin gives Russian army a political wing"</a>. <i>Times of Malta</i>. 31 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220506003904/https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/putin-gives-russian-army-a-political-wing.685749">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Malta&rft.atitle=Putin+gives+Russian+army+a+political+wing&rft.date=2018-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofmalta.com%2Farticles%2Fview%2Fputin-gives-russian-army-a-political-wing.685749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace2010" class="citation journal cs1">Wallace, Andrew (27 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021200710/http://www.bu.edu/phpbin/news-cms/news/?dept=732&id=56306">"New military command structure and outsourcing initiatives"</a>. <i>THE ISCIP ANALYST (Russian Federation) an Analytical Review</i>. <b>XVI</b> (13). 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Henry Holt and Company. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4299-3915-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4299-3915-7"><bdi>978-1-4299-3915-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231028174415/https://books.google.com/books?id=oju7iVVo-QMC&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Putin%27s+Russia%3A+Life+in+a+Failing+Democracy&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4299-3915-7&rft.aulast=Politkovskaya&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Doju7iVVo-QMC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane's Defence Weekly, 17 December 2003, p.25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070512094841/http://english.pravda.ru/russia/history/07-05-2007/91060-russian_army-0">"History of Russian Armed Forces started with biggest military redeployment ever"</a>. <i>Pravda</i>. 7 May 2007. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.da.mod.uk/DesktopModules/EasyDNNNews/DocumentDownload.ashx?portalid=0&moduleid=2116&articleid=661&documentid=789">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%BE%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2022-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax.ru%2Frussia%2F843442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f372-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-f372_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole2024" class="citation web cs1">Cole, Brendan (14 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/russia-ukraine-war-troops-losses-1985722">"Putin slashes soldiers' payouts as Russia's losses in Ukraine skyrocket"</a>. <i>Newsweek</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from the original on 13 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%82+07+%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F+2015+-+docs.CNTD.ru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.cntd.ru%2Fdocument%2F420269638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000497&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000365&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=18.01.2016&a8=6&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=49&y=15">Об организации деятельности адъюнктуры военных образовательных организаций высшего образования, организаций дополнительного профессионального образования и научных организаций Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</a> (Order 6) (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Minister of Defence (Russia)">Minister of Defence of the Russian Federation</a>. 18 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=Minister+of+Defence+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft.date=2016-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000497%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D102000365%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D18.01.2016%26a8%3D6%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D49%26y%3D15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" 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Archived from the original on 13 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000497%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D102000365%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D18.01.2016%26a8%3D6%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D49%26y%3D15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=03.09.2015&a8=933&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=54&y=18">Об утверждении Положения о порядке пребывания граждан Российской Федерации в мобилизационном людском резерве</a> (Decree 933) (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government of Russia</a>. 3 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5&rft.pub=Government+of+Russia&rft.date=2015-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D03.09.2015%26a8%3D933%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D54%26y%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728121312/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=03.09.2015&a8=933&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=54&y=18">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D03.09.2015%26a8%3D933%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D54%26y%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVorobyeva2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vorobyeva, Olga (8 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.redstar.ru/index.php/component/k2/item/34669-pod-ruzhjo-po-pervomu-zovu">"Под ружьё по первому зову"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Krasnaya_Zvezda" title="Krasnaya Zvezda">Krasnaya Zvezda</a></i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122192658/http://archive.redstar.ru/index.php/component/k2/item/34669-pod-ruzhjo-po-pervomu-zovu">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Krasnaya+Zvezda&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8C%D1%91+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83&rft.date=2017-10-08&rft.aulast=Vorobyeva&rft.aufirst=Olga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.redstar.ru%2Findex.php%2Fcomponent%2Fk2%2Fitem%2F34669-pod-ruzhjo-po-pervomu-zovu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-izru13feb18-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-izru13feb18_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-izru13feb18_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStepovoyRammAndreev2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stepovoy, Bogdan; Ramm, Alexey; Andreev, Yevgeniy (13 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iz.ru/706732/bogdan-stepovoi-aleksei-ramm-evgenii-andreev/v-rezerv-po-kontraktu">"В резерв по контракту"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213095314/https://iz.ru/706732/bogdan-stepovoi-aleksei-ramm-evgenii-andreev/v-rezerv-po-kontraktu">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Izvestia&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83&rft.date=2018-02-13&rft.aulast=Stepovoy&rft.aufirst=Bogdan&rft.au=Ramm%2C+Alexey&rft.au=Andreev%2C+Yevgeniy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiz.ru%2F706732%2Fbogdan-stepovoi-aleksei-ramm-evgenii-andreev%2Fv-rezerv-po-kontraktu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000503&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000070&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=17.07.2015&a8=370&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=70&y=5">О создании мобилизационного людского резерва Вооружённых Сил Российской Федерации</a> (Decree 370) (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a>. 17 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%D0%9E+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=President+of+Russia&rft.date=2015-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000503%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D102000070%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D17.07.2015%26a8%3D370%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D70%26y%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917124525/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000503&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000070&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=17.07.2015&a8=370&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=70&y=5">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from the original on 17 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000503%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D102000070%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D17.07.2015%26a8%3D370%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D70%26y%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aif.ru/society/army/kak_oplachivaetsya_period_nahozhdeniya_na_voennyh_sborah">"Как оплачивается период нахождения на военных сборах?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Argumenty_i_Fakty" title="Argumenty i Fakty">Argumenty i Fakty</a></i> (in Russian). 20 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191125062209/https://aif.ru/society/army/kak_oplachivaetsya_period_nahozhdeniya_na_voennyh_sborah">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Argumenty+i+Fakty&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%3F&rft.date=2019-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faif.ru%2Fsociety%2Farmy%2Fkak_oplachivaetsya_period_nahozhdeniya_na_voennyh_sborah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChuprin2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chuprin, Konstantin (2009). Taras, Anatoliy (ed.). <i>Вооружённые силы стран СНГ и Балтии. Справочник</i> [<i>Armed forces of CIS countries and Baltic states. Handbook</i>] (in Russian). Moscow: Современная школа. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-985-513-617-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-985-513-617-1"><bdi>978-985-513-617-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%93+%D0%B8+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-985-513-617-1&rft.aulast=Chuprin&rft.aufirst=Konstantin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_100-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_100-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavrilov2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gavrilov, Yuriy (4 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rg.ru/2014/04/02/vozrast-site-anons.html">"Военным добавили пять лет"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta" title="Rossiyskaya Gazeta">Rossiyskaya Gazeta</a></i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331152140/https://rg.ru/2014/04/02/vozrast-site-anons.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rossiyskaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82&rft.date=2014-04-04&rft.aulast=Gavrilov&rft.aufirst=Yuriy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frg.ru%2F2014%2F04%2F02%2Fvozrast-site-anons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_101-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_101-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rg.ru/2014/04/04/armiya-dok.html">"Федеральный закон от 2 апреля 2014 года №64-ФЗ "О внесении изменений в статьи 49 и 53 Федерального закона "О воинской обязанности и военной службе""<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta" title="Rossiyskaya Gazeta">Rossiyskaya Gazeta</a></i> (in Russian). 4 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807181705/https://rg.ru/2014/04/04/armiya-dok.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rossiyskaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%BE%D1%82+2+%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F+2014+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%E2%84%9664-%D0%A4%D0%97+%22%D0%9E+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8+49+%D0%B8+53+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%22%D0%9E+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B5%22%22&rft.date=2014-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frg.ru%2F2014%2F04%2F04%2Farmiya-dok.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroshev2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Troshev" title="Gennady Troshev">Troshev, Gennady</a> (2001). <i>Моя война. Чеченский дневник окопного генерала</i> [<i>My war. Chechen diary of trench general</i>] (in Russian). Moscow: Вагриус. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-264-00657-1" title="Special:BookSources/5-264-00657-1"><bdi>5-264-00657-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0.+%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=5-264-00657-1&rft.aulast=Troshev&rft.aufirst=Gennady&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaramayev2005" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Karamayev, Sergey (1 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lenta.ru/articles/2005/06/30/genshtab/">"Чем меньше кафедр — тем крепче оборона. Министерство обороны хочет закрыть военные кафедры в российских вузах"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lenta.ru" title="Lenta.ru">Lenta.ru</a></i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220230624/https://lenta.ru/articles/2005/06/30/genshtab/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lenta.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80+%E2%80%94+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0.+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.aulast=Karamayev&rft.aufirst=Sergey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flenta.ru%2Farticles%2F2005%2F06%2F30%2Fgenshtab%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbc11mar08-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rbc11mar08_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rbc11mar08_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbc.ru/society/11/03/2008/5703cb909a79470eaf769a1c">"Названы вузы, в которых создадут военные центры"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RBK_Group" title="RBK Group">RBK</a></i> (in Russian). 11 March 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228181139/https://www.rbc.ru/society/11/03/2008/5703cb909a79470eaf769a1c">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RBK&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%2C+%D0%B2+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B&rft.date=2008-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ru%2Fsociety%2F11%2F03%2F2008%2F5703cb909a79470eaf769a1c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000496&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000066&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=06.03.2008&a8=152&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=72&y=20">Об обучении граждан Российской Федерации по программе военной подготовки в федеральных государственных образовательных организациях высшего образования</a> (Decree 152) (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government of Russia</a>. 6 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=Government+of+Russia&rft.date=2008-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000496%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D102000066%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D06.03.2008%26a8%3D152%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D72%26y%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220506003905/http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000496&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000066&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=06.03.2008&a8=152&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=72&y=20">"Законодательство России. Поиск: Постановление Правительство Дата принятия 06.03.2008 Номер начинается на '152'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000496&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000066&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=06.03.2008&a8=152&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=72&y=20">the original</a> on 6 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%3A+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+06.03.2008+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%27152%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000496%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D102000066%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D06.03.2008%26a8%3D152%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D72%26y%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220506003905/http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000496&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000066&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=6">"Законодательство России. Поиск: Постановление Правительство Дата принятия 06.03.2008 Номер начинается на '152'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000496&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000066&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=06.03.2008&a8=152&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=72&y=20">the original</a> on 6 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%3A+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+06.03.2008+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%27152%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000496%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D102000066%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D06.03.2008%26a8%3D152%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D72%26y%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000505&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=06.07.2006&a8=104-%D4%C7&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=46&y=19">О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации в связи с сокращением срока военной службы по призыву</a> (Federal Law 104-FZ) (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a>. 6 July 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%D0%9E+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B8+%D1%81+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%83&rft.pub=State+Duma&rft.date=2006-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000505%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D06.07.2006%26a8%3D104-%25D4%25C7%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D46%26y%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220506003909/http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000505&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=06.07.2006&a8=104-%D4%C7&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=46&y=19">"Законодательство России. Поиск: Федеральный закон Дата принятия 06.07.2006 Номер начинается"</a>. Archived from the original on 6 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%3A+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+06.07.2006+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000505%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D06.07.2006%26a8%3D104-%25D4%25C7%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D46%26y%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220506003909/http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000505&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=6">"Законодательство России. Поиск: Федеральный закон Дата принятия 06.07.2006 Номер начинается"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000505&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=06.07.2006&a8=104-%D4%C7&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=46&y=19">the original</a> on 6 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%3A+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+06.07.2006+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000505%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D06.07.2006%26a8%3D104-%25D4%25C7%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D46%26y%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolunin2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Polunin, Sergey (25 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://militaryarms.ru/sluzhba-v-armii/mobilizacionnyj-rezerv-vooruzhennyx-sil-rossijskoj-federacii/">"Положение о мобилизационном резерве Вооружённых Сил Российской Федерации и что это"</a>. <i>Militaryarms.ru</i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228221059/https://militaryarms.ru/sluzhba-v-armii/mobilizacionnyj-rezerv-vooruzhennyx-sil-rossijskoj-federacii/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Militaryarms.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE&rft.date=2020-12-25&rft.aulast=Polunin&rft.aufirst=Sergey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmilitaryarms.ru%2Fsluzhba-v-armii%2Fmobilizacionnyj-rezerv-vooruzhennyx-sil-rossijskoj-federacii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000505&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=03.08.2018&a8=309-%D4%C7&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=60&y=17">О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации в части совершенствования военной подготовки студентов федеральных государственных образовательных организаций высшего образования</a> (Federal Law 309-FZ) (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a>. 3 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%D0%9E+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=State+Duma&rft.date=2018-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000505%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D03.08.2018%26a8%3D309-%25D4%25C7%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D60%26y%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911130516/http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000505&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=03.08.2018&a8=309-%D4%C7&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=60&y=17">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000505%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D03.08.2018%26a8%3D309-%25D4%25C7%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D60%26y%3D17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000496&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000066&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=03.07.2019&a8=848&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=75&y=12">Об утверждении Положения о военных учебных центрах при федеральных государственных образовательных организациях высшего образования и о признании утратившими силу некоторых актов Правительства Российской Федерации</a> (Decree 848) (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government of Russia</a>. 3 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%85+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=Government+of+Russia&rft.date=2019-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000496%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D102000066%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D03.07.2019%26a8%3D848%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D75%26y%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911130520/http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000496&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000066&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=03.07.2019&a8=848&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=75&y=12">"Законодательство России. Поиск: Постановление Правительство Дата принятия 03.07.2019 Номер н"</a>. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%3A+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+03.07.2019+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%BD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000496%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D102000066%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D03.07.2019%26a8%3D848%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D75%26y%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000499&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000066&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=13.03.2019&a8=427-%F0&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=50&y=24">Order 427-R</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government of Russia</a>. 13 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Order+427-R&rft.pub=Government+of+Russia&rft.date=2019-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000499%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D102000066%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D13.03.2019%26a8%3D427-%25F0%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D50%26y%3D24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911130516/http://www.pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000499&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000066&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=13.03.2019&a8=427-%F0&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=50&y=24">"Законодательство России. Поиск: Распоряжение Правительство Дата принятия 13.03.2019 Номер на"</a>. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%3A+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+13.03.2019+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fsearchres%3D%26bpas%3Dcd00000%26a3%3D102000499%26a3type%3D1%26a3value%3D%26a6%3D102000066%26a6type%3D1%26a6value%3D%26a15%3D%26a15type%3D1%26a15value%3D%26a7type%3D1%26a7from%3D%26a7to%3D%26a7date%3D13.03.2019%26a8%3D427-%25F0%26a8type%3D1%26a1%3D%26a0%3D%26a16%3D%26a16type%3D1%26a16value%3D%26a17%3D%26a17type%3D1%26a17value%3D%26a4%3D%26a4type%3D1%26a4value%3D%26a23%3D%26a23type%3D1%26a23value%3D%26textpres%3D%26sort%3D7%26x%3D50%26y%3D24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavrilov2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gavrilov, Yuriy (15 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rg.ru/2019/03/15/voennye-uchebnye-centry-sozdadut-v-93-vuzah-strany.html">"Лейтенант из института. Определены вузы для военной подготовки студентов"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rossiyskaya_Gazeta" title="Rossiyskaya Gazeta">Rossiyskaya Gazeta</a></i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911130514/https://rg.ru/2019/03/15/voennye-uchebnye-centry-sozdadut-v-93-vuzah-strany.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rossiyskaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0.+%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft.aulast=Gavrilov&rft.aufirst=Yuriy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frg.ru%2F2019%2F03%2F15%2Fvoennye-uchebnye-centry-sozdadut-v-93-vuzah-strany.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthyPicheta2022" class="citation news cs1">McCarthy, Simone; Picheta, Rob (21 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2022/09/21/europe/ukraine-russian-referendums-intl-hnk/index.html">"Russia announces immediate 'partial mobilization' of citizens, escalating its invasion of Ukraine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220921124520/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/09/21/europe/ukraine-russian-referendums-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Russia+announces+immediate+%27partial+mobilization%27+of+citizens%2C+escalating+its+invasion+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-09-21&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Simone&rft.au=Picheta%2C+Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2022%2F09%2F21%2Feurope%2Fukraine-russian-referendums-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustinAlexey_Muraviev2000" class="citation book cs1">Austin, Greg; Alexey Muraviev (2000). <i>The Armed Forces of Russia in Asia</i>. London, New York: I.B. 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BBC. 3 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203044155/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/russia/newsid_7488000/7488652.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%27%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%27&rft.date=2008-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Frussian%2Frussia%2Fnewsid_7488000%2F7488652.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080920152448/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-09-19-Russia-defense_N.htm">"Russian defense budget may rise 25% in 2009"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. Associated Press. 19 September 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-09-19-Russia-defense_N.htm">the original</a> on 20 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Russian+defense+budget+may+rise+25%25+in+2009&rft.date=2008-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2008-09-19-Russia-defense_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080919062809/http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=115073">"Russia boosts defense budget to record $50 Billion"</a>. <i>Turkish Daily News</i>. 12 September 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=115073">the original</a> on 19 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Turkish+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Russia+boosts+defense+budget+to+record+%2450+Billion&rft.date=2008-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishdailynews.com.tr%2Farticle.php%3Fenewsid%3D115073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnguy.com/financial/news/2009/02/17/4361/defense-procurement-budget-of-russia.html">"Defense procurement budget"</a>. cnguy.com. 17 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defense+procurement+budget&rft.pub=cnguy.com&rft.date=2009-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnguy.com%2Ffinancial%2Fnews%2F2009%2F02%2F17%2F4361%2Fdefense-procurement-budget-of-russia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UPI-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UPI_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leander Schaerlaeckens, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Security_Industry/2009/02/23/Russian-budget-cuts-could-impact-EU-defense-market/UPI-79231235426701/2/">"Russian budget cuts could impact EU defense market"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090504093654/http://www.upi.com/Security_Industry/2009/02/23/Russian-budget-cuts-could-impact-EU-defense-market/UPI-79231235426701/2">Archived</a> 4 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, UPI (23 February 2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018171153/http://english.pravda.ru/news/russia/18-10-2012/122499-russia_nuclear_weapons-0/">"Russia to spend over 100 billion on nuclear weapons"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Russian+Military%27s+Debacle+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fq-and-a%2Fthe-russian-militarys-debacle-in-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20181215/1548036739.html">"Вооруженные Силы в 2018 году приняли на вооружение 56 видов новой техники"</a>. RIA Novosti. 15 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191217160026/https://ria.ru/20181215/1548036739.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5.%D0%A0%D0%A4&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%9C%D0%98+%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%92%D0%9A%D0%A1+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=2023-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxn--b1aga5aadd.xn--p1ai%2F2023%2F%25C0%25E2%25E8%25E0%25F6%25E8%25FF5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnesSchmittGibbons-Neff2023" class="citation news cs1">Barnes, Julian E.; Schmitt, Eric; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (13 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/13/us/politics/russia-sanctions-missile-production.html">"Russia Overcomes Sanctions to Expand Missile Production, Officials Say"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230916012959/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/13/us/politics/russia-sanctions-missile-production.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Can Europe catch up?"</a>. 17 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231010213629/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/17/europe/ukraine-shell-supplies-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A6%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%A2%D0%9E+%2F+%2F+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%B2+%D0%98%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmstrade.org%2Fincludes%2Fperiodics%2Fnews%2F2023%2F0920%2F094075365%2Fdetail.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFНовости2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Новости, РИА (26 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20240126/tekhnika-1923645931.html">"Поставки новой техники в армию в 2023 году составили 98,8 процента от плана"</a>. <i>РИА Новости</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%B2+2023+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+98%2C8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=2024-01-26&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20240126%2Ftekhnika-1923645931.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFНовости2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Новости, РИА (26 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20240126/vmf-1923654510.html">"ВМФ в 2023 году получил более 7,7 тысячи единиц средств поражения"</a>. <i>РИА Новости</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%9C%D0%A4+%D0%B2+2023+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5+7%2C7+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2024-01-26&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20240126%2Fvmf-1923654510.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFНовости2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Новости, РИА (26 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20240126/bespilotniki-1923651702.html">"Армия в 2023 году получила 3,5 тысячи отечественных беспилотников"</a>. <i>РИА Новости</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+2023+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0+3%2C5+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2024-01-26&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20240126%2Fbespilotniki-1923651702.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFНовости2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Новости, РИА (26 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20240126/pvo-1923657476.html">"Российские Сухопутные войска за год получили шесть комплектов систем ПВО"</a>. <i>РИА Новости</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%9F%D0%92%D0%9E&rft.date=2024-01-26&rft.aulast=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2F20240126%2Fpvo-1923657476.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLillisBertrandLiebermannBritzky2024" class="citation web cs1">Lillis, Katie Bo; Bertrand, Natasha; Liebermann, Oren; Britzky, Haley (11 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/10/politics/russia-artillery-shell-production-us-europe-ukraine/index.html">"CNN Politics"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Weapons%3A+Who+Has+What+at+a+Glance&rft.pub=Armscontrol.org&rft.date=2017-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armscontrol.org%2Ffactsheets%2FNuclearweaponswhohaswhat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_152-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_152-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kremlin.ru">"Президент России"</a>. <i>kremlin.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110220001741/http://www.kremlin.ru/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kremlin.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kremlin.ru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolovyov2007" class="citation news cs1">Solovyov, Dmitry (11 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-bomb-idUSL1155952320070912">"Russia tests superstrength bomb, military says"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618014115/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-bomb-idUSL1155952320070912">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Russia+tests+superstrength+bomb%2C+military+says&rft.date=2007-09-11&rft.aulast=Solovyov&rft.aufirst=Dmitry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-russia-bomb-idUSL1155952320070912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustinMuraviev2000" class="citation book cs1">Austin, Greg; Muraviev, Alexey (2000). <i>The Armed Forces of Russia in Asia</i>. 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Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-485-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-485-6"><bdi>1-86064-485-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armed+Forces+of+Russia+in+Asia&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-86064-485-6&rft.aulast=Austin&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.au=Muraviev%2C+Alexey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Andrew Bowen, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11589">Russian Armed Forces: Capabilities</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210923110236/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11589">Archived</a> 23 September 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), Congressional Research Service, 30 June 2020.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Giles" title="Keir Giles">Keir Giles</a> (May 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/929855/Military_Service_in_Russia_No_New_Model_Army"><i>Military Service in Russia: No New Model Army</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Conflict_Studies_Research_Centre" title="Conflict Studies Research Centre">Conflict Studies Research Centre</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1905962169" title="Special:BookSources/1905962169">1905962169</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/europe/2005/06/30/how-are-the-mighty-fallen">"How Are the Mighty Fallen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 2–8 July 2005. pp. 45–46.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIISS2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">IISS</a> (25 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2021"><i>The Military Balance 2021</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781032012278" title="Special:BookSources/9781032012278"><bdi>9781032012278</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121114152/https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2021">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2021&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021-02-25&rft.isbn=9781032012278&rft.au=IISS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iiss.org%2Fpublications%2Fthe-military-balance%2Fthe-military-balance-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>International Institute for Strategic Studies, <i>The Military Balance</i>, various editions</li> <li>Massicot, Dara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ukraine/what-russia-got-wrong-moscow-failures-in-ukraine-dara-massicot">"What Russia Got Wrong"</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209065203/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ukraine/what-russia-got-wrong-moscow-failures-in-ukraine-dara-massicot">Archived</a> 9 February 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), <i>Foreign Affairs</i>, 2023</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdom1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Eldridge_Odom" title="William Eldridge Odom">Odom, William E.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/collapseofsoviet00odom"><i>The Collapse of the Soviet Military</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-07469-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-07469-7"><bdi>0-300-07469-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Collapse+of+the+Soviet+Military&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-300-07469-7&rft.aulast=Odom&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcollapseofsoviet00odom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161110043405/http://getrussia.com/news/russia_creates_unique_rifle/">Russia Creates Unique Rifle That Can Shoot at Four Kilometres</a> RNS, November 2016</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2015/united-states-leads-upward-trend-arms-exports-asian-and-gulf-states-arms-imports-says-sipri">"The United States leads upward trend in arms exports, Asian and Gulf states arms imports up, says SIPRI"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a> (SIPRI). 16 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160409121211/http://www.sipri.org/media/pressreleases/2015/at-march-2015">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+United+States+leads+upward+trend+in+arms+exports%2C+Asian+and+Gulf+states+arms+imports+up%2C+says+SIPRI&rft.pub=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute+%28SIPRI%29&rft.date=2015-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipri.org%2Fmedia%2Fpress-release%2F2015%2Funited-states-leads-upward-trend-arms-exports-asian-and-gulf-states-arms-imports-says-sipri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bowen, Andrew (2017). "Coercive Diplomacy and the Donbas: Explaining Russian Strategy in Eastern Ukraine". <i>Journal of Strategic Studies</i>. <b>42</b> (3–4): 312–343. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01402390.2017.1413550">10.1080/01402390.2017.1413550</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-2390">0140-2390</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158522112">158522112</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Strategic+Studies&rft.atitle=Coercive+Diplomacy+and+the+Donbas%3A+Explaining+Russian+Strategy+in+Eastern+Ukraine&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=312-343&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158522112%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0140-2390&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01402390.2017.1413550&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Galeotti, Mark, "Organised crime and Russian security forces: mafiya, militia and militar", <i>Journal of Conflict, Security and Development</i>, issue 1:2, 2001.</li> <li>Ivanov, Henry, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294172087_Country_briefing_Russia_-_Austere_deterrence">"Country Briefing: Russia—Austere Deterrence"</a>, <i>Jane's Defence Weekly</i>, 28 April 2006</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehrke2013" class="citation book cs1">Lehrke, Jesse Paul (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h2DP85Q4czMC"><i>The Transition to National Armies in the Former Soviet Republics, 1988-2005</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-10886-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-10886-1"><bdi>978-1-135-10886-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transition+to+National+Armies+in+the+Former+Soviet+Republics%2C+1988-2005&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-10886-1&rft.aulast=Lehrke&rft.aufirst=Jesse+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh2DP85Q4czMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Pynnöniemi, K., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiia.fi/en/publication/330/russia_s_defence_reform/">"Russia's Defence Reform: Assessing the real 'Serdyukov heritage<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130922041102/http://www.fiia.fi/en/publication/330/russia_s_defence_reform/">Archived</a> 22 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), FIIA Briefing Paper 126, 26 March 2013, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Institute_of_International_Affairs" title="Finnish Institute of International Affairs">Finnish Institute of International Affairs</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTianFleurantKuimovaWezeman2020" class="citation web cs1">Tian, Nan; Fleurant, Aude; Kuimova, Alexandra; Wezeman, Pieter D.; Wezeman, Siemon T. (27 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/fs_2020_04_milex_0_0.pdf">"Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institute" title="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trends+in+World+Military+Expenditure%2C+2019&rft.pub=Stockholm+International+Peace+Research+Institute&rft.date=2020-04-27&rft.aulast=Tian&rft.aufirst=Nan&rft.au=Fleurant%2C+Aude&rft.au=Kuimova%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=Wezeman%2C+Pieter+D.&rft.au=Wezeman%2C+Siemon+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sipri.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2020-04%2Ffs_2020_04_milex_0_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARussian+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Turbiville, G., "Organized crime and the Russian Armed Forces", <i>Transnational Organized Crime</i>, vol. 1, issue 4, 1995, pp. 55–73. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4769433034">4769433034</a>.</li> <li>Waters, T., "Crime in the Russian Military", CSRC Paper C90, Camberley: Conflict Studies Research Centre, 1996.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Russia_(1500%E2%80%931800)" title="Expansion of Russia (1500–1800)">Expansion (1500–1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Army of the Tsardom of Russia">Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian state">Russian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Great Patriotic War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1991%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Russia (1991–present)">Russian Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_State" title="Union State">Union State</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Economic history of the Russian Federation">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russian_journalism" title="History of Russian journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet_in_Russia" title="History of the Internet in Russia">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Judicial system of the Russian Empire">Judicial system of the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Russia">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" title="Military history of Russia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Russia" title="Outline of Russia">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Russia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Russia">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_city_of_Russia" title="Historical city of Russia">Historical cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Russia" title="Geography of Russia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Russia" title="Borders of Russia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia" title="List of cities and towns in Russia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Russia" title="Climate of Russia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Russia" title="List of earthquakes in Russia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Russia" title="Environment of Russia">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Russia" title="Environmental issues in Russia">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Russia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Russian_Upland" title="Central Russian Upland">Central Russian Upland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Russia" title="Northwest Russia">Northwest Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshchera_Lowlands" title="Meshchera Lowlands">Meshchera Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oka%E2%80%93Don_Lowland" title="Oka–Don Lowland">Oka–Don Lowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Upland" title="Smolensk Upland">Smolensk Upland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fjords_of_Russia" title="List of fjords of Russia">Fjords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Russia" title="Geology of Russia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Russia" title="List of glaciers in Russia">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Russian_Regions" title="Great Russian Regions">Great Russian Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_points_of_Russian_federal_subjects" title="List of highest points of Russian federal subjects">Highest points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Russia" title="List of islands of Russia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Russia" title="List of lakes of Russia">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mountains of Russia">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Urals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Russia" title="List of volcanoes in Russia">Volcanoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_Plain" title="West Siberian Plain">West Siberian Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Russia" title="List of rivers of Russia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Russia" title="Protected areas of Russia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Russia" title="Wildlife of Russia">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Far North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Russia" title="Politics of Russia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Russia" title="Capital punishment in Russia">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Civil Service of the Russian Federation">Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classified_information_in_Russia" title="Classified information in Russia">Classified information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Russia" title="Conscription in Russia">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Code_of_Russia" title="Criminal Code of Russia">Criminal code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Russia" title="Elections in Russia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Russia" title="Far-right politics in Russia">Far-right politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_budget_of_Russia" title="Federal budget of Russia">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia" title="Foreign relations of Russia">Foreign relations</a> (<a href="/wiki/Foreign_Relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly_in_Russia" title="Freedom of assembly in Russia">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apparatus_of_the_Government_of_Russia" title="Apparatus of the Government of Russia">Apparatus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Russia" title="Judiciary of Russia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Russia" title="Law of Russia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Russia" title="Law enforcement in Russia">Law enforcement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Russia" title="Prisons in Russia">Prisons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_Russia" title="Political abuse of psychiatry in Russia">Political abuse of psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Russia" title="Political divisions of Russia">Political divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Russia" title="Liberalism in Russia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_imperialism" title="Russian imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_irredentism" title="Russian irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Russia" title="Martial law in Russia">Martial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia" title="Monarchism in Russia">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Russia" title="Media freedom in Russia">Media freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_Russia" title="Neo-Nazism in Russia">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_agencies_of_Russia" title="Intelligence agencies of Russia">Intelligence agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian opposition">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in Russia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Prime Minister of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency_in_Russia" title="State of emergency in Russia">State of emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense_in_Russia" title="Civil defense in Russia">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue_in_Russia" title="Search and rescue in Russia">Search and rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning_in_Russia" title="Urban planning in Russia">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_surveillance_in_Russia" title="Mass surveillance in Russia">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism_in_Russia" title="Separatism in Russia">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Term_limits_in_Russia" title="Term limits in Russia">Term limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Russia" title="Terrorism in Russia">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Russia" title="Economy of Russia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Russia" title="Agriculture in Russia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_industry_of_Russia" title="Aircraft industry of Russia">Aircraft industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Russia" title="Banking in Russia">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droughts_and_famines_in_Russia_and_the_Soviet_Union" title="Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union">Droughts and famines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Car industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Russia" title="Central Bank of Russia">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry of Russia">Defence industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Russia" title="Energy in Russia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Russia" title="Fishing industry in Russia">Fishing industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Russia" title="Forestry in Russia">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Financial_districts_in_Russia" title="Category:Financial districts in Russia">Financial districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Russia" title="Gambling in Russia">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Russia" title="Homelessness in Russia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Russia" title="Mining industry of Russia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Russia" title="Petroleum industry in Russia">Petroleum industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_oligarchs" title="Russian oligarchs">Russian oligarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Ruble <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Russia" title="Science and technology in Russia">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Russia" title="Shipbuilding in Russia">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_system_in_Russia" title="Social security system in Russia">Social security system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_Russia" title="Space industry of Russia">Space industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Russia" title="Taxation in Russia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Russia" title="Tourism in Russia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_Russia" title="List of trade unions in Russia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Russia" title="Transport in Russia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Russia" title="Waste management in Russia">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Russia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Russia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Russia" title="Category:Society of Russia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Russia" title="Abortion in Russia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_Russia" title="Alcohol in Russia">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Russia" title="Anti-American sentiment in Russia">Anti-American sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Russia" title="Cannabis in Russia">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in the Russian Federation">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of Russia">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Russia" title="Corruption in Russia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Russia" title="Crime in Russia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deafness_in_Russia" title="Deafness in Russia">Deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Russia" title="Demographics of Russia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Russia" title="Domestic violence in Russia">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_in_Russia" title="Doping in Russia">Doping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Russia" title="Education in Russia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Russia" title="Ethnic groups in Russia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Russia" title="Feminism in Russia">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_public_apologies_in_Russia" title="Forced public apologies in Russia">Forced public apologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerals_in_Russia" title="Funerals in Russia">Funerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_control_in_Russia" title="Gun control in Russia">Gun control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Russia" title="Health in Russia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Russia" title="Healthcare in Russia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Russia" title="HIV/AIDS in Russia">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_Russia" title="Mental health in Russia">Mental health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Russia" title="Human rights in Russia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia" title="LGBTQ rights in Russia">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Russia" title="Immigration to Russia">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_Russia" title="Illegal immigration to Russia">Illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrant_workers_in_Russia" title="Migrant workers in Russia">Labour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Russia" title="Languages of Russia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_life_expectancy" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_in_Russia" title="Open access in Russia">Open access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphans_in_Russia" title="Orphans in Russia">Orphans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Russia" title="Polygamy in Russia">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Russia" title="Prostitution in Russia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Russia" title="Racism in Russia">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_Russia" title="Scouting in Russia">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Russia" title="Slavery in Russia">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneurship_in_Russia" title="Social entrepreneurship in Russia">Social entrepreneurship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_in_Russia" title="Sociology in Russia">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Russia" title="Smoking in Russia">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Russia" title="Suicide in Russia">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wedding_traditions" title="Russian wedding traditions">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_trials_in_Russia" title="Witch trials in Russia">Witch trials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Russia" title="Women in Russia">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_and_Soviet_military" title="Women in the Russian and Soviet military">in army</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Russia" title="Culture of Russia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Russia" title="Architecture of Russia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Russia" title="Armorial of Russia">Armorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Culture of the Russian Armed Forces">Army culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_weapons_of_Russia" title="Honorary weapons of Russia">Honorary weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_artists" title="List of Russian artists">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ballet" title="Russian ballet">Ballet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_cuisine" title="Russian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_wine" title="Russian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fashion" title="Russian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fairy_tale" title="Russian fairy tale">Fairy tales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_fashion" title="Russian fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Russia" title="Category:Festivals in Russia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Russia">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_traditions_and_superstitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian traditions and superstitions">Traditions and superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_forms_of_addressing" title="Russian forms of addressing">Forms of addressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Russia" title="Graffiti in Russia">Graffiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_heraldry" title="Russian heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Russia" title="Internet in Russia">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_innovation" title="Timeline of Russian innovation">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_literature" title="Russian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_martial_arts" title="Russian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Russia" title="Mass media in Russia">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Russia" title="Music of Russia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Rus%CA%B9,_Russia_and_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of Rusʹ, Russia and Ruthenia">Names of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_given_name" title="Russian given name">Russian given name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Russia" title="National symbols of Russia">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Russia" title="National anthem of Russia">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Russia" title="Coat of arms of Russia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalia_of_the_Russian_tsars" title="Regalia of the Russian tsars">Russian tsars regalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_opera" title="Russian opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personification_of_Russia" title="Personification of Russia">Personification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_playing_cards" title="Russian playing cards">Playing cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_philosophers" title="List of Russian philosophers">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_political_jokes" title="Russian political jokes">Political jokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Russia" title="Public holidays in Russia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_tea_culture" title="Russian tea culture">tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Russia" title="Television in Russia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_Russia" title="Seven Wonders of Russia">Seven Wonders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Russia" title="Sport in Russia">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Sports_Classification_System_of_Russia" title="Unified Sports Classification System of Russia">Unified Sports Classification System</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Russia">World Heritage sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Russia" title="Outline of Russia">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Russia" title="Category:Russia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Russian_Armed_Forces" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template:Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Template talk:Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russian Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President of Russia</a> as <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces">Supreme Commander-in-Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Minister of Defence (Russia)">Minister of Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Russia)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Russia)">Chief of the General Staff and First Deputy Minister of Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation">General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces">Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Russian_Navy" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy">Commander-in-Chief of the Navy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Aerospace_Forces" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Aerospace_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces">Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Russian_Air_Force" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force">Commander of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commander_of_the_Russian_Aerospace_and_Missile_Defence_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commander of the Russian Aerospace and Missile Defence Forces (page does not exist)">Commander of the Missile Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commander_of_the_Russian_Space_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commander of the Russian Space Forces (page does not exist)">Commander of the Space Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Military" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Military history of the Russian Federation">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine_of_Russia" title="Military doctrine of Russia">Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_military_bases_abroad" title="List of Russian military bases abroad">Bases abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Military budget of the Russian Federation">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_bands" title="Russian military bands">Bands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Russia and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_emblems_of_the_Ministry_of_Defence_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Awards and emblems of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation">Awards and emblems</a></li> <li>General Staff buildings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_Building_(Saint_Petersburg)" title="General Staff Building (Saint Petersburg)">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_Building_(Moscow)" title="General Staff Building (Moscow)">Moscow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Building_of_the_Ministry_of_Defense_(Russia)" title="Main Building of the Ministry of Defense (Russia)">Main Building of the Ministry of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry_of_Russia" title="Arms industry of Russia">Defense industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military-Industrial_Commission_of_Russia" title="Military-Industrial Commission of Russia">Military-Industrial Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_war_crimes" title="Russian war crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Uniforms of the Russian Armed Forces">Uniforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Russia" title="Conscription in Russia">Conscription laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_and_Soviet_military" title="Women in the Russian and Soviet military">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Culture of the Russian Armed Forces">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_weapons_of_Russia" title="Honorary weapons of Russia">Honorary weapons</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Military_districts_of_Russia" title="Military districts of Russia">Military districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Previous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga%E2%80%93Ural_Military_District" title="Volga–Ural Military District">Volga–Ural</a> (<a href="/wiki/Volga_Military_District" title="Volga Military District">Volga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Military_District" title="Ural Military District">Ural</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus_Military_District" title="North Caucasus Military District">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Military_District" title="Siberian Military District">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Military_District" title="Far Eastern Military District">Far Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Special_Region" title="Kaliningrad Special Region">Kaliningrad Special Region</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Military_District" title="Moscow Military District">Moscow</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Military_District" title="Western Military District">Western</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Military_District" title="Southern Military District">Southern</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_District" title="Central Military District">Central</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Military_District" title="Eastern Military District">Eastern</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Military_District_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Military District (Russia)">Northern</a> <ul><li>HQ: <a href="/wiki/Severomorsk" title="Severomorsk">Severomorsk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fleets of the Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Fleet" title="Baltic Fleet">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Fleet" title="Black Sea Fleet">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Flotilla" title="Caspian Flotilla">Caspian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Fleet" title="Northern Fleet">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean_Flotilla" title="Arctic Ocean Flotilla">Arctic Ocean Flotilla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Fleet_(Russia)" title="Pacific Fleet (Russia)">Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Flotilla" title="Kamchatka Flotilla">Kamchatka Flotilla</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military ranks and insignia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Army ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation">Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Russian_Federation%27s_armed_forces_1994%E2%80%932010" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranks and insignia of the Russian Federation's armed forces 1994–2010">Armed Forces 1994–2010</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ground_Forces_troops" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Russian Ground Forces">Ground Forces</a> troops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Defence_Troops_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Air Defence Troops of the Russian Ground Forces">Air Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Missile_Troops_and_Artillery" title="Russian Missile Troops and Artillery">Missile Troops and Artillery‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Engineer_Troops" title="Russian Engineer Troops">Engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Signal_Troops" title="Russian Signal Troops">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Tank_Troops" title="Russian Tank Troops">Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_NBC_Protection_Troops" title="Russian NBC Protection Troops">NBC Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topographic_Service_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Topographic Service of the Russian Armed Forces">Topographic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensign_of_the_Russian_Navy" title="Ensign of the Russian Navy">Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Troops_of_the_Russian_Navy" title="Coastal Troops of the Russian Navy">Coastal Troops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Naval_Infantry" title="Russian Naval Infantry">Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_commando_frogmen" title="Russian commando frogmen">Commando Frogmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Naval_Aviation" title="Russian Naval Aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Hydrographic_Service" title="Russian Hydrographic Service">Hydrography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Forces">Aerospace Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Air_Force" title="Russian Air Force">Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-Range_Aviation" title="Long-Range Aviation">Long-Range Aviation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_and_Missile_Defense_Forces" title="Air and Missile Defense Forces">Air and Missile Defense Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Space_Forces" title="Russian Space Forces">Space Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Aerospace_Defence_Forces" title="Russian Aerospace Defence Forces">Aerospace Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Radio-Technical_Troops" title="Russian Radio-Technical Troops">Radio-Technical Troops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spetsnaz" title="Spetsnaz">Special Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Forces_(Russia)" title="Special Operations Forces (Russia)">Special Operations Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_of_the_Main_Directorate_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Forces of the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces">Special Forces of the Main Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_of_the_Supreme_High_Command" title="Reserve of the Supreme High Command">Reserve of the Supreme High Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BARS_(Russia)" title="BARS (Russia)">BARS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Airborne_Forces" title="Russian Airborne Forces">Airborne Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Rocket_Forces" title="Strategic Rocket Forces">Strategic Rocket Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Electronic_Warfare_Troops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Electronic Warfare Troops (page does not exist)">Electronic Warfare Troops</a></li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Logistical_Support_troops" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Logistical_Support_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Logistical Support of the Russian Armed Forces">Logistical Support</a> troops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Road_Troops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Road Troops (page does not exist)">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Railway_Troops" title="Russian Railway Troops">Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Departments in the <br /><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation">General Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRU_(Russian_Federation)" title="GRU (Russian Federation)">Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (GRU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Operational_Directorate_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Main Operational Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces">Main Operational Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Organizational-Mobilizational_Directorate_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Main Organizational-Mobilizational Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces">Main Organizational-Mobilizational Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Management_Center" title="National Defense Management Center">National Defense Management Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Military-Political_Directorate_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Main Military-Political Directorate of the Russian Armed Forces">Main Military-Political Directorate of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Band_Service_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Russia" title="Military Band Service of the Armed Forces of Russia">Military Band Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police_(Russia)" title="Military Police (Russia)">Main Directorate of Military Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAU" class="mw-redirect" title="GRAU">Main Missile and Artillery Directorate (GRAU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Chief_Directorate" title="12th Chief Directorate">12th Chief Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Agency_of_Automobiles_and_Tanks_of_the_Ministry_of_Defense_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Main Agency of Automobiles and Tanks of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation">Main Agency of Automobiles and Tanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Military_Medical_Directorate_(Russia)" title="Main Military Medical Directorate (Russia)">Main Military Medical Directorate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Krasnaya_Zvezda" title="Krasnaya Zvezda">Krasnaya Zvezda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Television_and_Radio_Studio_of_the_Russian_Ministry_of_Defence" title="Central Television and Radio Studio of the Russian Ministry of Defence">Central Television and Radio Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Rear of the Russian Armed Forces">Rear of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces" title="List of equipment of the Russian Ground Forces">Ground Forces' equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Russian_military_aircraft" title="List of active Russian military aircraft">Air Forces' equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Russian_Navy_ships" title="List of active Russian Navy ships">Navy ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Russian_Navy" title="Future of the Russian Navy">Future of the Russian Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military academy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Previous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_Corps_(Russia)" title="Cadet Corps (Russia)">Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Cadet_Corps_(Russia)" title="Naval Cadet Corps (Russia)">Naval Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_Corps" title="Page Corps">Page Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_departments_of_civilian_universities_(Soviet_Union_and_post-Soviet_area)" title="Military departments of civilian universities (Soviet Union and post-Soviet area)">Military departments of civilian universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_education_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military education in the Soviet Union">Military academies in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Russia" title="Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia">Military Academy of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_academies_in_Russia" title="Military academies in Russia">Military academies in Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suvorov_Military_School" title="Suvorov Military School">Suvorov Military School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_training_centers_of_civilian_universities_(Russia)" title="Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)">Military training centers of civilian universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Militaries_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_Asia" title="Template:Military of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Military of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Militaries_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Militaries of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Armed_Forces" title="Afghan Armed Forces">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Armenia" title="Armed Forces of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Armed_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Armed Forces">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain_Defence_Force" title="Bahrain Defence Force">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Armed_Forces" title="Bangladesh Armed Forces">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Bhutan" title="Military of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Brunei Armed Forces">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cambodian_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Cambodian Armed Forces">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Armed_Forces" title="Egyptian Armed Forces">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Forces_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Forces of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Armed_Forces" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Armed_Forces" title="Jordanian Armed Forces">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Military_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuwait Military Forces">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Kyrgyz_Republic" title="Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Armed_Forces" title="Lao People's Armed Forces">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Armed_Forces" title="Lebanese Armed Forces">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives_National_Defence_Force" title="Maldives National Defence Force">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Armed_Forces" title="Mongolian Armed Forces">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatmadaw" title="Tatmadaw">Myanmar (Burma)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Armed_Forces" title="Nepalese Armed Forces">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Oman%27s_Armed_Forces" title="Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Armed_Forces" title="Qatar Armed Forces">Qatar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Armed_Forces" title="Singapore Armed Forces">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Armed_Forces" title="Sri Lanka Armed Forces">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_Leste_Defence_Force" title="Timor Leste Defence Force">Timor Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Turkmenistan" title="Armed Forces of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Armed_Forces" title="United Arab Emirates Armed Forces">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Uzbekistan" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Yemen_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Yemen Armed Forces">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Armed_Forces" title="Abkhazian Armed Forces">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_South_Ossetia" title="Armed Forces of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Forces_Command" title="Security Forces Command">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Security_Forces" title="Palestinian National Security Forces">Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies and other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Garrison" title="Hong Kong Garrison">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macao_Garrison" title="Macao Garrison">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_Europe" title="Template:Military of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Military of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a> of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Armenia" title="Armed Forces of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Armed_Forces" title="Austrian Armed Forces">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Armed_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Armed Forces">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Belarus" title="Armed Forces of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Armed_Forces" title="Bulgarian Armed Forces">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Croatia" title="Armed Forces of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Army of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence" title="Danish Defence">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Defence_Forces" title="Estonian Defence Forces">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Forces_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Forces of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Armed_Forces" title="Hellenic Armed Forces">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Defence_Forces" title="Hungarian Defence Forces">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_of_Iceland" title="Defence of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_(Ireland)" title="Defence Forces (Ireland)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Kazakhstan" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Latvian National Armed Forces">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Armed_Forces" title="Lithuanian Armed Forces">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Armed_Forces" title="Luxembourg Armed Forces">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Armed Forces of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" title="Armed Forces of the Republic of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Services_(Monaco)" title="Public Services (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Montenegro" title="Armed Forces of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Armed_Forces" title="Netherlands Armed Forces">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_North_Macedonia" title="Army of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Romania</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Armed_Forces" title="Sammarinese Armed Forces">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Armed_Forces" title="Serbian Armed Forces">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Armed_Forces" title="Slovak Armed Forces">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Armed_Forces" title="Slovenian Armed Forces">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_in_Vatican_City" title="Military in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Armed_Forces" title="Abkhazian Armed Forces">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Security_Force" title="Kosovo Security Force">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Forces_Command" title="Security Forces Command">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Transnistria" title="Armed Forces of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Europe" title="Military history of Europe">Military history of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_Europe_by_military_expenditures" title="List of countries in Europe by military expenditures">List of countries in Europe by military expenditures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_conflicts_involving_Russia_(including_Tsarist,_Imperial_and_Soviet_times)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_conflicts" title="Template:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_conflicts" title="Template talk:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_conflicts_involving_Russia_(including_Tsarist,_Imperial_and_Soviet_times)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Armed conflicts involving <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsarist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> times)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" title="Military history of Russia">Military history of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Military history of the Russian Empire">Military history of the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military history of the Soviet Union">Military history of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Military history of the Russian Federation">Military history of the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet conflicts">Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Russian Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by opponent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Crimean_Wars" title="Russo-Crimean Wars">Russo-Crimean Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-Finnish_wars" title="Soviet-Finnish wars">Soviet-Finnish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Kazan_Wars" title="Russo-Kazan Wars">Russo-Kazan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_armed_conflicts_involving_Poland_against_Russia" title="List of armed conflicts involving Poland against Russia">Russo-Polish Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_Russia_and_Sweden" title="List of wars between Russia and Sweden">Russo-Swedish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Russo-Turkish wars">Russo-Turkish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_Russia_and_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars between Russia and Ukraine">Russo-Ukrainian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Russian_border_conflicts" title="Sino-Russian border conflicts">Sino-Russian border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Russia" title="List of wars involving Russia">List of wars involving Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of wars involving the Soviet Union">List of wars involving the Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of battles involving the Russian Federation">List of battles involving the Russian Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Bolotnikov" title="Uprising of Bolotnikov">Uprising of Bolotnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razin%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Razin's Rebellion">Razin's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulavin_Rebellion" title="Bulavin Rebellion">Bulavin Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugachev%27s_Rebellion" title="Pugachev's Rebellion">Pugachev's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decembrist_revolt" title="Decembrist revolt">Decembrist revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Uprising" title="August Uprising">August Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">Coup attempt (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">1993 Russian constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Dagestan" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Dagestan">War of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tsardom of<br />Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Crimean_Wars" title="Russo-Crimean Wars">Russo-Crimean Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Kazan_Wars" title="Russo-Kazan Wars">Russo-Kazan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1554%E2%80%931557)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)">Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberia" title="Russian conquest of Siberia">Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1568%E2%80%931570)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)">Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1590%E2%80%931595)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)">Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1605%E2%80%931618)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)">Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Time_of_Troubles" title="Time of Troubles">Time of Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrian_War" title="Ingrian War">Ingrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">Smolensk War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1651%E2%80%931653)" title="Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)">Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Russian_border_conflicts" title="Sino-Russian border conflicts">Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1676%E2%80%931681)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)">Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1686%E2%80%931700)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)">Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th–19th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1710%E2%80%931711)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)">Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)">Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a> (1733–1738)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Russian%E2%80%93Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%931739)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)">Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a> (1740–1748)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1741%E2%80%931743)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)">Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)">Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%931792)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)">Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1788%E2%80%931790)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)">Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_of_1792" title="Polish–Russian War of 1792">Russo-Polish War (1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_colonization_of_North_America" title="Russian colonization of North America">Russian colonization of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Expedition_of_1796" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Expedition of 1796">Russo-Persian War (1796)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="War of the Third Coalition">War of the Third Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%931812)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)">Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_War_(1807%E2%80%931812)" title="Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)">Anglo-Russian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Seventh_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Seventh Coalition">War of the Seventh Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_the_Caucasus" title="Russian conquest of the Caucasus">Russian conquest of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_War" title="Caucasian War">Caucasian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Circassian_War" title="Russo-Circassian War">Russo-Circassian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Murid War">Murid War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1828%E2%80%931829)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)">Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_War" title="Åland War">Åland War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Annexation" title="Amur Annexation">Amur Annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia" title="Russian conquest of Central Asia">Russian conquest of Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Bukhara" title="Russian conquest of Bukhara">Russian conquest of Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khivan_campaign_of_1873" title="Khivan campaign of 1873">Khivan campaign of 1873</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Russian invasion of Manchuria">Russian invasion of Manchuria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Tabriz" title="Russian occupation of Tabriz">Russian occupation of Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_Soviet_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine">1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alash_Autonomy" title="Alash Autonomy">Kazakhstan Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sochi_conflict" title="Sochi conflict">Sochi conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimosodat" title="Heimosodat">Heimosodat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_westward_offensive_of_1918%E2%80%931919" title="Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919">Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)">Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Azerbaijan" title="Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan">Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Armenia" title="Red Army invasion of Armenia">Red Army invasion of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invasion of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_intervention_in_Mongolia" title="Soviet intervention in Mongolia">Red Army intervention in Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Karelian_uprising" title="East Karelian uprising">East Karelian uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmachi_movement" title="Basmachi movement">Central Asian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Uprising" title="August Uprising">August Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urtatagai_conflict_(1925%E2%80%931926)" title="Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)">Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_conflict_(1929)" title="Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)">Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_intervention_in_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)">Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_intervention_in_Afghanistan_(1930)" title="Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)">Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechen_uprising_of_1932&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chechen uprising of 1932 (page does not exist)">Chechen uprising of 1932</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_1932_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Восстание в Чечне 1932 года">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Xinjiang" title="Soviet invasion of Xinjiang">Soviet invasion of Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_rebellion_in_Xinjiang_(1937)" title="Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang (1937)">Xinjiang War (1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front (World War II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" title="Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_Latvia_in_1944" title="Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944">Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army#Soviet_Union" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Guerrilla war in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)">Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Rebellion" title="Ili Rebellion">Ili Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_incident" title="Vlora incident">Vlora incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia_war_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="South Ossetia war (1991–1992)">South Ossetia war (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistani Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Dagestan" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Dagestan">War of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 invasion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Libya_campaign" title="Western Libya campaign">Western Libya campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kazakh_unrest" title="2022 Kazakh unrest">Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Winter" title="Russian Winter">Russian Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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