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searchaux" style="display:none">Synecdochic figure of speech</div> <p><b>Merism</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">merismus</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μερισμός</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">translit.</a></small> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><i>merismós</i></i></span>) is a rhetorical device (or figure of speech) in which a combination of two <i>contrasting parts</i> of the whole refer to the whole.<sup id="cite_ref-Revivalistics_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Revivalistics-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 10">: 10 </span></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Waltke2007_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waltke2007-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BerlinBrettler2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BerlinBrettler2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For example, in order to say that someone "searched everywhere", one could use the merism "searched high and low". Another example is the <a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">sword-and-sandal</a> movie genre, a loose term for a genre of movies made principally in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> in the 1950s and 1960s set in <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>. </p><p>Merisms are common in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> 1:1, when God creates את השמים ואת הארץ (Modern pronunciation: <i>et hashamaim ve-et haarets</i>) "the heavens and the earth" (<a href="/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Version" title="New Revised Standard Version">New Revised Standard Version</a>), the two parts (heavens and earth) do not refer only to the heavens and the earth. Rather, they refer to the heavens, the earth <i>and everything between them</i>: God created the <i>entire world</i>, the <i>whole <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Revivalistics_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Revivalistics-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 10">: 10 </span></sup> Other famous examples of Biblical merisms are Genesis 1:5 in which "evening" and "morning" refer to "one day" (including noon, afternoon etc.) and Psalm 139 in which the psalmist declares that God knows "my downsitting and my uprising": God knows all of the psalmist's actions.<sup id="cite_ref-Revivalistics_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Revivalistics-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 10">: 10 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term entered English in 1894 in the biological sense but had appeared earlier in rhetorical contexts in which it denoted "'<a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">synecdoche</a> in which totality is expressed by contrasting parts' (such as <i>high and low</i>, <i>young and old</i>)". It derives from Modern Latin <i>merismus</i>, from Greek μερισμός <i>merismos</i> 'a dividing or partitioning', ultimately from <i>merizein</i> 'to divide', from <i>meros</i> 'part, share'.<sup id="cite_ref-EtymologyOnline_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EtymologyOnline-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ODLT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODLT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biological_usage">Biological usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biological usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>, a merism is a repetition of similar parts in the structure of an organism (Bateson 1894). Such features are called <a href="/wiki/Meristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Meristic">meristic</a> characters, and the study of such characters is called <a href="/wiki/Meristics" title="Meristics">meristics</a>. An example is in <a href="/wiki/Flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowers">flowers</a> in considering the number of parts in each <a href="/wiki/Whorl" title="Whorl">whorl</a> of organs from which they are constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-Craene2010_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craene2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 30, 31">: 30, 31 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_usage">Legal usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legal usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Legal_doublet" title="Legal doublet">Legal doublet</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Merism" title="Special:EditPage/Merism">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merism&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Merisms frequently figure in the writing of <a href="/wiki/Lawyers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawyers">lawyers</a> and are a hallmark of legal style. The two parts of the legal merism "<a href="/wiki/Will_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Will (law)">Last Will and Testament</a>" at one time referred to two documents, which were enforced in two separate <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">courts</a>. The <i>will</i> disposed of a decedent's <a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real property</a>, and the <i>testament</i> disposed of <a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">chattels</a>. It became customary to combine the instruments in a single dispositive document, and the name has continued long after the doctrines that had required its use became obsolete in <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>. </p><p>A lawyer who writes a will typically includes a residuary clause that disposes of any property not covered by a prior section. The weight of tradition is such that the lawyer writing such a document will often phrase it something like this: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I bequeath, convey, and devise the rest, residue, and remainder of my property, whether real or personal, and wheresoever it may be situated, to...</p></blockquote> <p>Traditionally, a gift of real property was called a "devise", and a gift of other property was a "bequest". Nowadays, the words "bequeath" and "devise" are synonymous in most jurisdictions and so "I bequeath the rest of my property to..." is enough in both law and logic to achieve the same result. Many <a href="/wiki/Deed" title="Deed">deeds</a> frequently contain a traditional clause that says that the grantee is "to have and to hold" the property conveyed. That usage goes back to the days in which the instruments were drawn up in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, and is sometimes called a "habendam et tenendam" clause. The use of legal merisms seldom, if ever, adds legal effect to the documents that contain them, but it frequently increases their reading difficulty. However, the weight of tradition and the fear of a deviation from the established formula having unintended legal consequences make lawyers reluctant to revise the traditional formulae, and their clients, seeing them, at least draw the satisfaction of knowing that their documents appear to be written by a lawyer. </p><p>In some cases, the doubling (or even tripling) of constituent parts in the meristic constructions arose as a result of the transition of legal discourse from Latin to French and then from French to English. During such periods, key terms were paired with synonyms from multiple languages in an attempt to prevent ambiguity and ensure <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermeneutic">hermeneutic</a> consistency.<sup id="cite_ref-Espenschied_2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Espenschied_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 164–65">: 164–65 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/merism" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/merism">merism</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For list of English merisms, see <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:English_merisms" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:English merisms">Wiktionary:Category:English merisms</a>.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synecdoche" title="Synecdoche">Synecdoche</a>, referring to a whole by the name of one of its parts (or vice versa):</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pars_pro_toto" title="Pars pro toto">Pars pro toto</a></i>, where the part is used to refer to the whole.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Totum_pro_parte" title="Totum pro parte">Totum pro parte</a></i>, where the whole is used to refer to a part.</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lock,_stock,_and_barrel" title="Lock, stock, and barrel">Lock, stock, and barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvandva" title="Dvandva">Dvandva</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Revivalistics-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Revivalistics_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Revivalistics_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Revivalistics_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZuckermann,_Ghil'ad2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad</a> (2020). <i><a href="/wiki/Revivalistics:_From_the_Genesis_of_Israeli_to_Language_Reclamation_in_Australia_and_Beyond" class="mw-redirect" title="Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond">Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond</a></i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199812790" title="Special:BookSources/9780199812790"><bdi>9780199812790</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revivalistics%3A+From+the+Genesis+of+Israeli+to+Language+Reclamation+in+Australia+and+Beyond&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780199812790&rft.au=Zuckermann%2C+Ghil%27ad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerism" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199812776" title="Special:BookSources/9780199812776">9780199812776</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waltke2007-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Waltke2007_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce_K_Waltke2007" class="citation book cs1">Bruce K Waltke (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k6JM1WpP2NoC&pg=PA456"><i>A commentary on Micah</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 456–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4933-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4933-5"><bdi>978-0-8028-4933-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+commentary+on+Micah&rft.pages=456-&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4933-5&rft.au=Bruce+K+Waltke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk6JM1WpP2NoC%26pg%3DPA456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BerlinBrettler2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BerlinBrettler2004_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdele_BerlinMarc_Zvi_BrettlerMichael_A._FishbaneJewish_Publication_Society2004" class="citation book cs1">Adele Berlin; Marc Zvi Brettler; Michael A. Fishbane; Jewish Publication Society (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515"><i>The Jewish Study Bible</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195297515/page/2134">2134</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-529751-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-529751-5"><bdi>978-0-19-529751-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Study+Bible&rft.pages=2134&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-529751-5&rft.au=Adele+Berlin&rft.au=Marc+Zvi+Brettler&rft.au=Michael+A.+Fishbane&rft.au=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780195297515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EtymologyOnline-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EtymologyOnline_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper,_Douglas" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=merism&searchmode=none">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.au=Harper%2C+Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fallowed_in_frame%3D0%26search%3Dmerism%26searchmode%3Dnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODLT-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODLT_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odlt.org/ballast/merism.html">"Online Dictionary of Language Terminology"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Dictionary+of+Language+Terminology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odlt.org%2Fballast%2Fmerism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Craene2010-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Craene2010_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouis_P._Ronse_De_Craene2010" class="citation book cs1">Louis P. Ronse De Craene (4 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=24p-LgWPA50C&pg=PA23"><i>Floral Diagrams: An Aid to Understanding Flower Morphology and Evolution</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-48455-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-48455-8"><bdi>978-1-139-48455-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Floral+Diagrams%3A+An+Aid+to+Understanding+Flower+Morphology+and+Evolution&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-02-04&rft.isbn=978-1-139-48455-8&rft.au=Louis+P.+Ronse+De+Craene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D24p-LgWPA50C%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Espenschied_2010-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Espenschied_2010_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEspenschied,_Lenné_Eidson2010" class="citation book cs1">Espenschied, Lenné Eidson (2010). <i>Contract Drafting: Powerful Prose in Transactional Practice</i>. American Bar Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contract+Drafting%3A+Powerful+Prose+in+Transactional+Practice&rft.pub=American+Bar+Association&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Espenschied%2C+Lenn%C3%A9+Eidson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMerism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bateson" title="William Bateson">William Bateson</a>, <i>Materials For The Study Of Variation: Treated With Especial Regard To Discontinuity In The Origin Of Species</i> (Macmillan and Co., 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_A._Garner" title="Bryan A. Garner">Bryan A. Garner</a>, <i>The Elements of Legal Style</i>. (Oxford, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-514162-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-514162-8">0-19-514162-8</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvert_Watkins" title="Calvert Watkins">Calvert Watkins</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Kill_a_Dragon:_Aspects_of_Indo-European_Poetics" class="mw-redirect" title="How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics">How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics</a></i> (Oxford, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-514413-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-514413-9">0-19-514413-9</a>)</li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merism&oldid=1254747909">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Merism&oldid=1254747909</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rhetoric" title="Category:Rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Figures_of_speech" title="Category:Figures of speech">Figures of speech</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Legal_terminology" title="Category:Legal terminology">Legal terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Legal_history" title="Category:Legal history">Legal history</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_July_2020" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2020">Articles needing additional references from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_July_2020" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from July 2020">Articles that may contain original research from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2018" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2018">Use dmy dates from October 2018</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 November 2024, at 13:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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