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data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Wikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FCaptions" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">< <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style</a></bdi></div></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia guideline on image captions</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:CAP" redirects here. For the style guideline on capitalization in article titles, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(capitalization)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (capitalization)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (capitalization)</a>. For the style guideline on capitalization generally, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters</a>. For the guideline on categorizing articles about people, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorizing_articles_about_people" title="Wikipedia:Categorizing articles about people">Wikipedia:Categorizing articles about people</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines#guide" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">guideline</a> is a part of the English Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a>.</b><br><div style="font-size: 90%;"> It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">occasional exceptions</a> may apply. Any <i>substantive</i> edit to this page should reflect <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>. When in doubt, discuss first on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Captions">talk page</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:CAP"></span><span id="WP:CAPTION"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CAP&redirect=no">WP:CAP</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:CAPTION&redirect=no">WP:CAPTION</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice nutshell" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/30px-Walnut.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/45px-Walnut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Walnut.png/60px-Walnut.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b> Image captions should be succinct and informative.</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style (MoS)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr"></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"><br><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"></form></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">By topic area</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Style" title="Template:Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Style" title="Template talk:Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>caption</b> is text that appears below an image.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most captions draw attention to something in the image that is not obvious, such as its relevance to the text. A caption may be a few words or several sentences. Writing good captions takes effort; along with the lead and section headings, captions are the most commonly read words in an article, so they should be succinct and informative. </p><p>Not every image needs a caption; some are simply decorative. Relatively few may be genuinely self-explanatory. In addition to a caption, <a href="/wiki/Alt_attribute" title="Alt attribute">alt text</a> – for visually impaired readers – should be added to informative (but not purely decorative) images;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-H37_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H37-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-H67_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-H67-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Alternative_text_for_images" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Alternative text for images">Wikipedia:Alternative text for images</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Some criteria for a good caption</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Clear_identification_of_the_subject"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Clear identification of the subject</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Succinctness"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Succinctness</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Non-visual_media"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Non-visual media</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Technical_images"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Technical images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Establishing_relevance_to_the_article"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Establishing relevance to the article</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Providing_context_for_the_picture"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Providing context for the picture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Drawing_the_reader_into_the_article"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Drawing the reader into the article</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Wording"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">Wording</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Formatting_and_punctuation"><span class="tocnumber">1.9</span> <span class="toctext">Formatting and punctuation</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Special_situations"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Special situations</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Infoboxes_and_leading_images"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Infoboxes and leading images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Other_special_situations"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Other special situations</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Tips_for_describing_pictures"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Tips for describing pictures</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Credits"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Credits</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Notes_and_references"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes and references</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption" data-mw-thread-id="h-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span>Some criteria for a good caption<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Some criteria for a good caption" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>There are several criteria for a good caption. A good caption: </p> <ol><li>clearly identifies the subject of the picture, without detailing the obvious;</li> <li>is succinct;</li> <li>establishes the picture's relevance to the article;</li> <li>provides context for the picture;</li> <li>draws the reader into the article.</li></ol> <p>Different people read articles in different ways. Some people start at the top and read each word until the end. Others read the first paragraph and scan through the article's body for other interesting information, looking especially at pictures and captions. Those readers, even if the information is adjacent in the text, will not find it unless it is in the caption. However, it is best not to tell the whole story in the caption, but use the caption to make the reader curious about the subject. </p><p>Another way of approaching the job: imagine you're giving a lecture based on the encyclopedia article, and you are using the image to illustrate the lecture. What would you say while attention is on the image? What do you want your audience to notice in the image, and why? Corollary: if you have nothing to say about it, then the image probably does not belong in the article. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clear_identification_of_the_subject" data-mw-thread-id="h-Clear_identification_of_the_subject-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Clear_identification_of_the_subject-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span>Clear identification of the subject<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Clear_identification_of_the_subject-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Clear identification of the subject" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>One of a caption's primary purposes is to identify the subject of the picture. Make sure your caption does that, without leaving readers to wonder what the subject of the picture might be. Be as unambiguous as practical in identifying the subject. What the picture <i>is</i> is important, too. If the image to be captioned is a painting, an editor can give context with the painter's wikilinked name, the title, and a date. The present location may be added in parentheses: (<a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>). Sometimes the date of the image is important: there is a difference between "King Arthur" and "King Arthur in a 19th-century watercolor". </p><p>Photographs and other graphics need not have captions if they are "self-captioning" images (such as reproductions of album or book covers) or when they are unambiguous depictions of the subject of the article. In a biography article no caption is necessary for a portrait of the subject pictured alone; but one might be used to give the year, the subject's age, or other circumstances of the portrait along with the name of the subject. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succinctness" data-mw-thread-id="h-Succinctness-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Succinctness-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span>Succinctness<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Succinctness-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Succinctness" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:CAPSUCCINCT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CAPSUCCINCT&redirect=no">MOS:CAPSUCCINCT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><i>Succinctness</i> is using no superfluous or needless words. It is not the same as <i>brevity</i>, which is using a relatively small number of words. Succinct captions have more power than verbose ones. More than three lines of text in a caption may be distracting; instead, further information can be provided in the article body. And remember that readers wanting full detail can click through to the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_description_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Image description page">image description page</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-visual_media" data-mw-thread-id="h-Non-visual_media-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Non-visual_media-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span>Non-visual media<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Non-visual_media-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Non-visual media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Because non-visual media imparts no visual information regarding the content of its file, it is often desirable to include a longer description than is typically acceptable with image captions. As with image captions, care should be taken to include enough relevant information in-line so the media file's relevance to the article is made explicit irrespective of the caption. As a general rule, retain broader points in the article body, including specific points in the media file's description field. For example, the statement: "'Yesterday' is one of the Beatles' best-known songs" might be more appropriate for the article body than the statement: "The string arrangement on 'Yesterday' utilises counterpoint, which complements McCartney's vocals by reinforcing the tonic", which might be more appropriate as an Ogg file description, especially if the text pertains to the contents of the media file or supports its <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FUR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FUR">fair-use rationale</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Technical_images-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Technical_images-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span>Technical images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Technical_images-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Technical images" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Technical images like charts and diagrams may have captions that are much longer than other images. Prose should still be succinct, but the significance of the image should be fully explained. Any elements not included in a legend or clearly labelled should be defined in the caption. A substantial, full discussion of a technical image may be confined to the caption if it improves the structure of the prose in the main article. </p><p>For maps and other images with a legend, the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Legend" title="Template:Legend">legend</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template can be used in the caption instead of (or in addition to) including the legend explaining the color used in the image. This makes the legend more readable, and allows for easy translation into other languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishing_relevance_to_the_article" data-mw-thread-id="h-Establishing_relevance_to_the_article-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Establishing_relevance_to_the_article-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span>Establishing relevance to the article<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Establishing_relevance_to_the_article-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Establishing relevance to the article" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>A good caption explains why a picture belongs in an article. "The 1965 Ford Mustang introduced the whiz-bang super-speeder" tells the reader why it is worth the trouble to show a photo of a 1965 Ford Mustang rather than just any year of that model car. Links to relevant sections within the article may help draw the reader in (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page#The_wiki_markup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:How to edit a page">here</a> for how to do this). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Providing_context_for_the_picture" data-mw-thread-id="h-Providing_context_for_the_picture-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Providing_context_for_the_picture-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span>Providing context for the picture<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Providing_context_for_the_picture-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Providing context for the picture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:CAPCONTEXT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CAPCONTEXT&redirect=no">MOS:CAPCONTEXT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>A picture captures only one moment in time. What happened before and after? What happened outside the frame? </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Supper" class="mw-redirect" title="The Last Supper">The Last Supper</a>, "Jesus dines with his disciples" tells something, but add "on the eve of his crucifixion" and it tells much more about the significance. Add "With this meal, Jesus established the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Communion">Holy Communion</a>" to get more context if you do not cover that in the article. In such a caption the name of the painter and date provide information on the cultural point of view of the particular representation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drawing_the_reader_into_the_article" data-mw-thread-id="h-Drawing_the_reader_into_the_article-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Drawing_the_reader_into_the_article-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span>Drawing the reader into the article<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Drawing_the_reader_into_the_article-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Drawing the reader into the article" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The caption should lead the reader into the article. For example, in <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Peerage" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Peerage">History of the Peerage</a>, a caption for <a href="/wiki/File:William_I_of_England.jpg" title="File:William I of England.jpg">Image:William I of England.jpg</a> might say "<a href="/wiki/William_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of England">William of Normandy</a> overthrew the Anglo-Saxon monarchs, bringing a new style of government." Then the reader gets curious about that new form of government and reads text to learn what it is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wording" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wording-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wording-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span>Wording<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wording-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Wording" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:CAPOBVIOUS"></span><span id="MOS:CAPWORD"></span><span id="MOS:MAPOF"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CAPOBVIOUS&redirect=no">MOS:CAPOBVIOUS</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CAPWORD&redirect=no">MOS:CAPWORD</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:MAPOF&redirect=no">MOS:MAPOF</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li>While a short caption is often appropriate, if it might be seen as trivial (<span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">People playing <i>Monopoly</i></span>), consider extending it so that it adds value to the image and is related more logically to the surrounding text (<span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">A product of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, <i>Monopoly</i> continues to be played today.</span>).</li> <li>Sometimes the title-and-subtitle style with a colon works: <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">Neoclassicism: antiquity recreated in an 18th-century mode</span>.</li> <li>It is usually unnecessary to state what kind of image is being shown. A map of the world showing <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> member countries can be captioned simply <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">NATO members</span> rather than <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">Map of NATO members</span>.</li> <li>An artist's rendition of a subject of history should be identified as such to avoid confusing details of actual events or portrait likenesses with artistic renditions of them, which are not always accurate.</li> <li>Wikipedia has its technical means of getting readers to the full-size version of the image; therefore amending the caption with a direct link to the image (for example, <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">click for larger view</span>) is not appropriate.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formatting_and_punctuation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Formatting_and_punctuation-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Formatting_and_punctuation-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span>Formatting and punctuation<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Formatting_and_punctuation-Some_criteria_for_a_good_caption"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Formatting and punctuation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:CAPFRAG"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CAPFRAG&redirect=no">MOS:CAPFRAG</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li>Captions normally start with a capital letter.</li> <li>The text of captions should not be specially formatted (with italics, for example), except in ways that would apply if it occurred in the main text. Several discussions (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Archive_188#How_to_indicate_which_person_is_which_in_a_caption" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Archive 188">this one</a>) have failed to reach a consensus on whether "stage directions" such as <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>(right)</i></span> or <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><i>(behind podium)</i></span> should be in italics, set off with commas, etc. Any one article should use a consistent approach throughout.</li> <li>Most captions are not complete sentences, but merely <a href="/wiki/Sentence_fragment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentence fragment">sentence fragments</a>, which should not end with a <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">period or full stop</a>. If any complete sentence occurs in a caption, then all sentences, <i>and any sentence fragments</i>, in that caption should end with a period or full stop. <ul><li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">The Conservatory during the festival</span> (No final period or full stop for lone sentence fragment), not <span class="example deprecated-content example-bad" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-removed, #8B0000);">The Conservatory during the festival<big>.</big></span></li> <li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">The stage was spotlit for the festival<big>.</big></span> (Period or full stop ends complete sentence)</li> <li><span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);">The Conservatory during the festival<big>.</big> The stage was spotlit for the occasion<big>.</big></span> (Period or full stop on each when they appear together)</li></ul></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Special_situations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Special_situations"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Special_situations"></span>Special situations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Special_situations"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Special situations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Captions of images in infoboxes and other special situations call for special consideration. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:CAPLENGTH"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CAPLENGTH&redirect=no">MOS:CAPLENGTH</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infoboxes_and_leading_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Infoboxes_and_leading_images-Special_situations"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Infoboxes_and_leading_images-Special_situations"></span>Infoboxes and leading images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Infoboxes_and_leading_images-Special_situations"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Infoboxes and leading images" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>An infobox image and, in the absence of an infobox, a photograph or other image in the article's <a href="/wiki/MOS:LEAD" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LEAD">lead</a> section, serves to illustrate the topic of the article, as such, the caption should work singularly towards that purpose. Depending on the nature of the subject and the image used, the ideal caption can range from none at all to a regular full-sentence caption. The following examples serve to describe the range of situations for particular infobox images: </p> <ul><li><b>No caption</b> – Infoboxes normally display the page name as the title of the infobox. If nothing more than the page name needs to be said about the image, then the caption should be omitted as being redundant with the title of the infobox.</li> <li><b>Short caption</b> – Infoboxes for things that change over time can mention the year of the image briefly, e.g. "Cosby in 2010" for <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cosby&oldid=550028843">Bill Cosby</a></span>. If the image is of a person doing that for which they are known at an otherwise common event, the correct verb delivers the message, e.g. "Jackson performing in 1988" for <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Jackson&oldid=550029592">Michael Jackson</a></span>. As an additional example, animals may differ from the one pictured, e.g. Noisy miner "Subspecies <i>leachi</i>" in <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Noisy_miner&oldid=737277007">Noisy miner</a></span>, photographs captioned simply "Male" and "Female" for <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lion&oldid=552077307">Lion</a></span>, and "Publicity photo for <i>Jailhouse Rock</i> (1957)" for <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elvis_Presley&oldid=552203334">Elvis Presley</a></span>. While more detail could be added, consider carefully whether it might distract the reader from the subject of the article or inform the reader about the importance of the subject.</li> <li><b>Full-sentence caption</b> – When the caption can convey the significance of the article by explaining the significance or context of the image, it should. For example, "Angelou recites her poem, 'On the Pulse of Morning', at President Bill Clinton's inauguration, January 1993", <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maya_Angelou&oldid=550029146">Maya Angelou</a></span>. In this situation, take extra care that both the image and the caption stay sharply focused on the whole of the article's subject per <a href="/wiki/MOS:INFOBOX" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:INFOBOX">MOS:INFOBOX</a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BioShock_Infinite&oldid=555951067">BioShock Infinite</a></span> gives an example of an informative yet brief full-sentence caption describing the key element (the singular protagonist) depicted and its relationship to the article's subject. The need for a full-length caption in an infobox can generally indicate one of two things: 1) an exceptionally inappropriate image or 2) an image that doesn't really belong in the infobox. Consider this distinction carefully as it depends on how precisely the image applies to the subject as a whole.</li></ul> <p>Additional descriptive information about the image should be contained in the image description on the image's page. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_special_situations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Other_special_situations-Special_situations"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Other_special_situations-Special_situations"></span>Other special situations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Other_special_situations-Special_situations"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other special situations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Several types of images warrant special treatment: </p> <ul><li>Periodic table snippets for each element – no caption needed.</li> <li>Infobox images with mission insignia – no caption needed, but if there is a description of the symbolism, it should be included on the image description page.</li> <li>Other images (especially within infoboxes) where the purpose of the image is clearly nominative, that is, that the picture serves as the typical example of the subject of the article and offers no further information – no caption needed.</li> <li>Chemical compound diagrams (as in <a href="/wiki/Trinitrotoluene" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitrotoluene">TNT</a>) could benefit from a mention of the role of the structure in the properties of the compound.</li> <li>Group portraits of a few people (presumably related to the article) should list the names of the individuals so that readers can identify individuals. Larger groups should have an index photo with numbered silhouettes and a key listing each person's name.</li> <li>When portraits of a person in an article about that person are captioned, they should be captioned with the year. For example, if the photo is of a special occasion, or of historical significance such as <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun#Surrender_to_the_Americans" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun surrendering to the Americans</a>, the caption should follow the usual style. Including the year is particularly helpful when the depiction long postdates the subject.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Tips_for_describing_pictures" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tips_for_describing_pictures"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Tips_for_describing_pictures"></span>Tips for describing pictures<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Tips_for_describing_pictures"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tips for describing pictures" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Here are some details people might want to know about the picture (all are linkable): </p> <ul><li>What is noteworthy about the subject of the picture? If there is an article on the subject of the picture, link to it.</li> <li>For photographs: <ul><li>Where was it taken?</li> <li>When was it taken?</li> <li>Who took it? (Generally, this is included in the caption only if the photographer is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">notable</a>.)</li> <li>Why was it taken?</li></ul></li> <li>For works of art (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Visual_arts/Art_Manual_of_Style#Image_captions" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Visual arts/Art Manual of Style">WikiProject Visual arts Art Manual of Style</a> for fuller details): <ul><li>Who is the artist?</li> <li>What is the title or subject?</li> <li>When was the piece completed?</li> <li>See <a href="/wiki/Proper_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Proper right">proper right</a> for ways of unambiguously describing right and left in images.</li></ul></li> <li>Usually less significant are: <ul><li>What is the medium (oil-on-canvas/marble/mixed media<span class="nowrap"> </span>...)?</li> <li>Where is it located?</li> <li>What are its dimensions?</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Keep in mind that not all this information needs to be included in the caption, since the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_description_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Image description page">image description page</a> should offer more complete information about the picture. If it does not, it may be possible to add it there from <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:RS">reliable sources</a> such as the website of the museum that owns the image. </p><p>A caption should never simply link to the article in which it appears, though it may link to a specific <i>section</i> of the article. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Credits" data-mw-thread-id="h-Credits"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Credits"></span>Credits<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Credits"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Credits" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:CREDITS"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:CREDITS&redirect=no">MOS:CREDITS</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raven_Manet_C2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Raven_Manet_C2.jpg/170px-Raven_Manet_C2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3174" data-file-height="4168"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 223px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Raven_Manet_C2.jpg/170px-Raven_Manet_C2.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="223" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Raven_Manet_C2.jpg/255px-Raven_Manet_C2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Raven_Manet_C2.jpg/340px-Raven_Manet_C2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The midnight visit of "<a href="/wiki/The_Raven" title="The Raven">The Raven</a>" as illustrated by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a> (1875)</figcaption></figure> <p>Unless relevant to the subject, do not credit the image author or copyright holder in the article. It is assumed that this is not necessary to fulfill attribution requirements of the GFDL or Creative Commons licenses as long as the appropriate credit is on the image description page. If the artist or photographer is independently notable, then a wikilink to their biography may be appropriate, and to the picture or photograph in the rare cases where the image itself is notable enough for its own article. Image credits in the infobox image are discouraged, even if the artist is notable, since the infobox should contain only key facts of the article's subject, per <a href="/wiki/MOS:INFOBOX" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:INFOBOX">MOS:INFOBOX</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOS:CAPTION" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:CAPTION">MOS:CAPTION</a> (main MoS entry for captions with formatting recommendations)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accessibility#Images" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Accessibility">Wikipedia:Accessibility § Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility/Alternative_text_for_images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Alternative text for images">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Alternative text for images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Wikipedia:Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_tutorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Picture tutorial">Wikipedia:Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Wikipedia:Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Writing_Captions" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Writing Captions">Wikipedia:WikiProject Writing Captions</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes_and_references" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes_and_references"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes_and_references"></span>Notes and references<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes_and_references"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes and references" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Though uncommon in practice, a caption can also be used for other image-like presentations, including: <a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">mathematical formulae</a>, very small <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">tables</a>, compact <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Family_trees" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Family trees">family trees</a>, small charts, and other templated, compact output of a graphical nature. For the explication of larger blocks of special-layout content presentation, <i>introductory text</i> is usually a better approach; captions are not very effective unless visible on-screen with the content to which they pertain. Many templates have a parameter for generating a descriptive header. Tables have not only headers but also a <a href="/wiki/Help:Table#Captions_and_summaries" title="Help:Table">caption feature</a> that puts a descriptive caption <i>above</i> the table; this is more useful for most presentations of tabular data.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHazaël-Massieux_D2007" class="citation web cs1">Hazaël-Massieux D (2007-05-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/QA/Tips/altAttribute.html">"Use the <code>alt</code> attribute to describe the function of each visual"</a>. <i>W3C Quality Assurance Tips for Webmasters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3C+Quality+Assurance+Tips+for+Webmasters&rft.atitle=Use+the+%3Ccode%3Ealt%3C%2Fcode%3E+attribute+to+describe+the+function+of+each+visual&rft.date=2007-05-28&rft.au=Haza%C3%ABl-Massieux+D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FQA%2FTips%2FaltAttribute.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FCaptions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-H37-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-H37_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ph/yVBBa">"H37: Using alt attributes on img elements – Techniques for WCAG 2.0"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/NOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20140311/H37">the original</a> on 2016-05-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.atitle=H37%3A+Using+alt+attributes+on+img+elements+%E2%80%93+Techniques+for+WCAG+2.0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2F2014%2FNOTE-WCAG20-TECHS-20140311%2FH37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FCaptions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-H67-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-H67_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ph/NElqC">"H67: Using null alt text and no title attribute on img elements for images that AT should ignore – Techniques for WCAG 2.0"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/H67.html">the original</a> on 2022-03-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Wide+Web+Consortium&rft.atitle=H67%3A+Using+null+alt+text+and+no+title+attribute+on+img+elements+for+images+that+AT+should+ignore+%E2%80%93+Techniques+for+WCAG+2.0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2FWCAG20-TECHS%2FH67.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3AManual+of+Style%2FCaptions" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theslot.com/captions.html">Sharp Points: 9 Commandments of Caption Writing</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manual_of_Style" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manual_of_Style" title="Template talk:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manual_of_Style" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">By topic area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Search</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-wide-searchbox"><div 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