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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Kakistocracy - RationalWiki</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":!1,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"Z-jxe1XgUck0E2fJjUp4HgAAAEU","wgCSPNonce":!1,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":!1,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Kakistocracy","wgTitle":"Kakistocracy","wgCurRevisionId":2535372,"wgRevisionId":2535372,"wgArticleId":10487,"wgIsArticle":!0,"wgIsRedirect":!1,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using DynamicPageList parser function","CS1 português do Brasil-language sources (pt-br)","CS1 maint: url-status","Government-related stubs","Politics","Government incompetence","Forms of government"],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Kakistocracy", "wgRelevantArticleId":10487,"wgIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":!0,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":!0,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":!0};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","mediawiki.toc.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@1hzgi",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); });});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cmediawiki.toc.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.35.6"/> <meta name="description" content="Kakistocracy is a form of government where the least qualified individuals are in power. It comes from the Greek κακιστος (kakistos) meaning "worst"), the superlative of κακος (kakos) meaning “bad”. An early recorded use of the term was by the satirical writer Thomas Love Peacock in 1829 (The Misfortunes of Elphin),&#91;2&#93; but the earliest recorded use was in 1644 by Thomas Gosnold, warning of the transformation of "our well-temperd Monarchy into a mad kinde of Kakistocracy").&#91;note 1&#93;&#91;3&#93;&#91;4&#93; Kakistocracy isn't a particularly mainstream term and it is mostly used by satirists and critics of government."/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Kakistocracy&action=edit"/> <link rel="edit" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Kakistocracy&action=edit"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="RationalWiki (en)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="license" href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Copyrights"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="RationalWiki Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="RationalWiki"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Kakistocracy"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Kakistocracy is a form of government where the least qualified individuals are in power. It comes from the Greek κακιστος (kakistos) meaning "worst"), the superlative of κακος (kakos) meaning “bad”. An early recorded use of the term was by the satirical writer Thomas Love Peacock in 1829 (The Misfortunes of Elphin),&#91;2&#93; but the earliest recorded use was in 1644 by Thomas Gosnold, warning of the transformation of "our well-temperd Monarchy into a mad kinde of Kakistocracy").&#91;note 1&#93;&#91;3&#93;&#91;4&#93; Kakistocracy isn't a particularly mainstream term and it is mostly used by satirists and critics of government."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Kakistocracy"/>  </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kakistocracy rootpage-Kakistocracy skin-vector action-view minerva--history-page-action-enabled skin-vector-legacy"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><div id="localNotice" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div id="2025_RationalWiki_.27Oregon_Plan.27_Fundraiser"> <table role="presentation" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 60%; text-align: left;"><big><center><b><a href="/wiki/RationalWiki:Fundraiser" title="RationalWiki:Fundraiser">2025 RationalWiki 'Oregon Plan' Fundraiser</a></b></center></big> <p><b>There is no RationalWiki without you.</b> We are a small non-profit with no staff—we are hundreds of volunteers who document pseudoscience and crankery around the world every day. 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id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #1E90FF; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF"><b>Oh no, they're talking about</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Politics</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#97DEFF;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics" title="Category:Politics"><img alt="Icon politics.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/f/f2/Icon_politics.svg/100px-Icon_politics.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/f/f2/Icon_politics.svg/150px-Icon_politics.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/f/f2/Icon_politics.svg/200px-Icon_politics.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF; text-align:center;"><b>Theory</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#97DEFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">Political party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government" title="List of forms of government">forms of</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF; text-align:center;"><b>Practice</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#97DEFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">International relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy"><font color="white">Philosophies</font></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#97DEFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_wing" title="Right wing">Right wing</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_terms" title="Category:Political terms"><font color="white">Terms</font></a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#97DEFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charity" title="Charity">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_pride" title="Racial pride">Racial pride</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF; text-align:center;"><b>As usual</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#97DEFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_theory" title="Horseshoe theory">Horseshoe theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keum_Tae-sup" title="Keum Tae-sup">Keum Tae-sup</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#1E90FF; text-align:center;"><b>Country sections</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#97DEFF;"> <center><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_politics" title="Category:United States politics"><img alt="United States politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="18" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/53px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_politics" title="Category:British politics"><img alt="British politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="21" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_politics" title="Category:Canadian politics"><img alt="Canadian politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="18" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/53px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/70px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_politics" title="Category:Chinese politics"><img alt="Chinese politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="23" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/53px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/70px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:French_politics" title="Category:French politics"><img alt="French politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="23" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/120px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:German_politics" title="Category:German politics"><img alt="German politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="21" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/53px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/70px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_politics" title="Category:Indian politics"><img alt="Indian politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="23" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/53px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/70px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iranian_politics" title="Category:Iranian politics"><img alt="Iranian politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="20" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/120px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Israeli_politics" title="Category:Israeli politics"><img alt="Israeli politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/35px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="25" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/53px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/70px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_politics" title="Category:Japanese politics"><img alt="Japanese politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="23" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/120px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:South_Korean_politics" title="Category:South Korean politics"><img alt="South Korean politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="23" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/120px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_politics" title="Category:Turkish politics"><img alt="Turkish politics" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="23" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/53px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/70px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> </center> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics" title="Template:Politics">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics" title="Template talk:Politics">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Politics&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Your kakistocracy is collapsing after its lamentable journey. As the greatest Nation history has known, we have the opportunity to emerge from this nightmare stronger & more committed to ensuring a better life for all <a href="/wiki/Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Americans">Americans</a>, including those you have so tragically <a href="/wiki/Deceit" title="Deceit">deceived</a>.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—John O. Brennan (former <a href="/wiki/CIA" title="CIA">CIA</a> director) to <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kakistocracy</b> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> where the <a href="/wiki/GOP" class="mw-redirect" title="GOP">least qualified individuals</a> are in power. It comes from the <a href="/wiki/Fun:Greek" title="Fun:Greek">Greek</a> κακιστος (kakistos) meaning "worst"), the superlative of κακος (kakos) meaning “bad”. An early recorded use of the term was by the satirical writer Thomas Love Peacock in 1829 (<i>The Misfortunes of Elphin</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> but the earliest recorded use was in 1644 by Thomas Gosnold, warning of the transformation of "our well-temperd <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a> into a mad kinde of Kakistocracy").<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[note 1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gosnold_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gosnold-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></sup> Kakistocracy isn't a particularly mainstream term and it is mostly used by <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirists</a> and critics of <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>. </p><p>The more cynical will argue that all governments eventually break down into this; the most cynical argue they all <i>start</i> that way. Because to be part of government, you have to put yourself forward first, potential rulers are those that want the job. And most people <a href="/wiki/Dunning-Kruger" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunning-Kruger">don't know how incompetent they are</a> (or are so <a href="/wiki/Sociopath" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociopath">sociopathic</a> that they don't care), so few potential rulers will actually be competent. The public tends to reward the most charismatic individuals the highest positions, and while charisma does demonstrate high levels of <a href="/wiki/Emotional_intelligence" title="Emotional intelligence">emotional intelligence</a> and is useful for <i>some</i> aspects of leadership, charisma alone is not enough when <s>you need to make a spot check</s> trying to determine who the best subordinates to run a school system would be. </p><p>Others would argue that that there are many genuinely caring people with integrity who wish to have power in order to better serve their communities. Many believe that not to engage in matters of power and government is tantamount to voting for kakistocracy. </p><p>Other commentators besides Brennan (above quote) have used the term with regard to the Trump administration, including <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>'s Joy Reid.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Examples_of_kakistocracies"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Examples of kakistocracies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Examples_of_kakistocracies">Examples of kakistocracies</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kakistocracy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples of kakistocracies">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li>Several <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. administrations</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></sup> particularly the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> political system and governance in general.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a></sup></li> <li>The British government under the leadership of consecutive <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> prime ministers <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ft.com_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft.com-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ft.com_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft.com-10">[9]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a></sup></li> <li>The Brazilian government under <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lemdiplobrasil_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lemdiplobrasil-14">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></sup></li> <li>The Russian government under <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a></sup></li> <li>The government of Egypt under Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></sup></li> <li>Various governments in sub-Saharan Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a></sup></li> <li>The Malaysian government under Pakatan Harapan<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a></sup> after the 2018 Malaysian general election, & under Perikatan Nasional during 2020–21 Malaysian political crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a></sup></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kakistocracy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, particularly the "<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump#Presidency" title="Donald Trump">Presidency</a>" section</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> and his ministers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forms_of_government" title="List of forms of government">List of forms of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Principle" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Principle">Peter Principle</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kakistocracy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rick-finkelstein/kakistocracy-a-word-you-s_b_132417.html">Huffington Post — Kakistocracy… A Word You Should Know</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kakistocracy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Therefore we need not make any scruple of <a href="/wiki/Pray" class="mw-redirect" title="Pray">praying</a> against such: against those Sanctimonious Incendiaries, who have fetched fire from heaven to set their Country in combustion, have <a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">pretended</a> <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a> to raise and maintaine a most wicked rebellion: against those <a href="/wiki/Nero" class="mw-redirect" title="Nero">Nero</a>'s, who have ripped up the wombe of the mother that bare them, and wounded the <a href="/wiki/Breasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Breasts">breasts</a> that gave them sucke: against those <a href="/wiki/Cannibalism" title="Cannibalism">Cannibal</a>'s who feed upon the flesh and are drunke with the bloud of their own brethren: against those Catiline's who seeke their private ends in the publicke disturbance, and have set the Kingdome on fire to rost their owne egges: against those tempests of the State, those restlesse spirits who can no longer live, then be stickling and medling; who are stung with a perpetuall itch of changing and innovating, transforming our old Hierarchy into a new Presbytery, and this againe into a newer Independency; and our well-temperd Monarchy into a mad kinde of Kakistocracy.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—Thomas Gosnold<sup id="cite_ref-gosnold_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gosnold-3">[3]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kakistocracy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:80%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/JohnBrennan/status/984803286006951936">Your kakistocracy is collapsing after its lamentable journey. As the greatest Nation history has known, we have the opportunity to emerge from this nightmare stronger & more committed to ensuring a better life for all Americans, including those you have so tragically deceived.</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Brennan" title="John Brennan">John O. Brennan</a> (5:39 PM — 13 Apr 2018) <i>Twitter</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thomaslovepeacock.net/Elphin.html"><i>The Misfortunes of Elphin</i></a> by Thomas Love Peacock (1829).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gosnold-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-gosnold_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-gosnold_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A41582.0001.001/1:2?rgn=div1;view=fulltext">A sermon preached at the publique fast the ninth day of Aug. 1644 at St. Maries, Oxford, before the honorable members of the two Houses of Parliament there assembled</a> by Thomas Gosnold (1644).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/news-trend-watch/brennan-your-kakistocracy-is-collapsing-20180413">Brennan: Your 'Kakistocracy' is Collapsing: Former CIA Director drives lookups 13,700%</a> (Apr 13, 2018) <i>Merriam-Webster</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2018/04/13/kakistocracy-a-374-year-old-word-that-means-government-by-the-worst-just-broke-the-dictionary/">Kakistocracy goes viral after John Brennan calls Trump administration 'government by the worst'</a> by Avi Selk (April 13, 2018 at 3:44 PM) <i>The Washington Post</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2708880">/* Errors processing stylesheet [[:Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css]] (rev 2708880): • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 44 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 50 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 55 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽background⧼/code⧽ at line 64 character 14. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 96 character 9. • Invalid or unsupported value for property ⧼code⧽color⧼/code⧽ at line 100 character 9. • Invalid media query at line 138 character 8. */ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKrugman2017" class="citation news cs1">Krugman, Paul (2017-01-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/16/opinion/with-all-due-disrespect.html">"With All Due Disrespect"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=With+All+Due+Disrespect&rft.date=2017-01-16&rft.aulast=Krugman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F01%2F16%2Fopinion%2Fwith-all-due-disrespect.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFMarsden2016" class="citation news cs1">Marsden, Harriet (2016-11-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indy100.com/article/donald-trump-us-president-new-government-white-house-kakistocracy-7422706">"Kakistocracy may just be the perfect word to describe the Trump government"</a>. <i>The Independent</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Kakistocracy+may+just+be+the+perfect+word+to+describe+the+Trump+government&rft.date=2016-11-17&rft.aulast=Marsden&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indy100.com%2Farticle%2Fdonald-trump-us-president-new-government-white-house-kakistocracy-7422706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Reform_the_Kakistocracy.html?id=yXmnxAEACAAJ">Description and reviews of <i>Reform the Kakistocracy: Rule by the Least Able Or Least Principled Citizens</i></a> at Google Books. Retrieved 20 April 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ft.com-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ft.com_10-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ft.com_10-1">9.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFLuce2019" class="citation news cs1">Luce, Edward (7 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/7fa8b934-2a6b-11e9-88a4-c32129756dd8">"Only the UK leads America in its rush to kakistocracy"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Only+the+UK+leads+America+in+its+rush+to+kakistocracy&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft.aulast=Luce&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F7fa8b934-2a6b-11e9-88a4-c32129756dd8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jan/11/david-cameron-leads-mps-in-a-charade-of-smoke-and-mirrors">"David Cameron leads MPS in a charade of smoke and mirrors"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 11 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=David+Cameron+leads+MPS+in+a+charade+of+smoke+and+mirrors&rft.date=2016-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2Fjan%2F11%2Fdavid-cameron-leads-mps-in-a-charade-of-smoke-and-mirrors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsroom.co.nz/ideasroom/a-new-dawn-of-the-worst-and-most-injurious">"A new dawn of the worst and most injurious"</a>. 24 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+new+dawn+of+the+worst+and+most+injurious&rft.date=2019-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsroom.co.nz%2Fideasroom%2Fa-new-dawn-of-the-worst-and-most-injurious&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europenowjournal.org/2020/11/20/the-great-british-kakistocracy/">"The Great British Kakistocracy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+British+Kakistocracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europenowjournal.org%2F2020%2F11%2F20%2Fthe-great-british-kakistocracy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemdiplobrasil-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lemdiplobrasil_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFWarde2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Warde, Ibrahim (1 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diplomatique.org.br/a-caquistocracia/">"A caquistocracia"</a>. <i>Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil</i> (in português do Brasil)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+Diplomatique+Brasil&rft.atitle=A+caquistocracia&rft.date=2020-06-01&rft.aulast=Warde&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiplomatique.org.br%2Fa-caquistocracia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFRodrigues2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rodrigues, Sérgio (2020-08-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/colunas/sergio-rodrigues/2020/08/caquistocracia-o-pior-de-nos.shtml">"Caquistocracia, o pior de nós"</a>. <i>Folha de S.Paulo</i> (in português do Brasil)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Folha+de+S.Paulo&rft.atitle=Caquistocracia%2C+o+pior+de+n%C3%B3s&rft.date=2020-08-12&rft.aulast=Rodrigues&rft.aufirst=S%C3%A9rgio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Fcolunas%2Fsergio-rodrigues%2F2020%2F08%2Fcaquistocracia-o-pior-de-nos.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFCosta-Pereira2021" class="citation journal cs1">Costa-Pereira, Raul (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bes2.1927">"Letter from Brazil: Teaching and Mentoring in a Sadder Nation"</a>. <i>The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America</i>. <b>102</b> (4): e01927. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fbes2.1927">10.1002/bes2.1927</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2327-6096">2327-6096</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239699576">239699576</a>. <q>Facing the COVID-19 pandemic during Bolsonaro's kakistocracy (i.e., a government run by the worst and most unscrupulous citizens) has taken a heavy toll on all of us.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bulletin+of+the+Ecological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Letter+from+Brazil%3A+Teaching+and+Mentoring+in+a+Sadder+Nation&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e01927&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239699576%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2327-6096&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fbes2.1927&rft.aulast=Costa-Pereira&rft.aufirst=Raul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1002%2Fbes2.1927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFAbadjian2010" class="citation journal cs1">Abadjian, Vahram (July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879366510000254">"Kakistocracy or the true story of what happened in the post-Soviet area"</a>. <i>Journal of Eurasian Studies</i>. <b>1</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">153–</span>163. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.euras.2010.04.009">10.1016/j.euras.2010.04.009</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153850742">153850742</a> – via <a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_Direct&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science Direct (page does not exist)">Science Direct</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Eurasian+Studies&rft.atitle=Kakistocracy+or+the+true+story+of+what+happened+in+the+post-Soviet+area&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E153-%3C%2Fspan%3E163&rft.date=2010-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.euras.2010.04.009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153850742%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Abadjian&rft.aufirst=Vahram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS1879366510000254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFAli2016" class="citation web cs1">Ali, Amro (12 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/north-africa-west-asia/kakistocracy-word-we-need-to-revive/">"Kakistocracy: a word we need to revive"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenDemocracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpenDemocracy (page does not exist)">openDemocracy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openDemocracy&rft.atitle=Kakistocracy%3A+a+word+we+need+to+revive&rft.date=2016-11-12&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Amro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fen%2Fnorth-africa-west-asia%2Fkakistocracy-word-we-need-to-revive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFOkaforSmithUjah2014" class="citation journal cs1">Okafor, Collins; Smith, L. Murphy; Ujah, Nacasius U. (29 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJEA.2014.063736">"Kleptocracy, nepotism, kakistocracy: impact of corruption in Sub-Saharan African countries"</a>. <i>International Journal of Economics and Accounting</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1504%2FIJEA.2014.063736">10.1504/IJEA.2014.063736</a> – via <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inderscience_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inderscience Publishers (page does not exist)">Inderscience Publishers</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Economics+and+Accounting&rft.atitle=Kleptocracy%2C+nepotism%2C+kakistocracy%3A+impact+of+corruption+in+Sub-Saharan+African+countries&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=97&rft.date=2014-07-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1504%2FIJEA.2014.063736&rft.aulast=Okafor&rft.aufirst=Collins&rft.au=Smith%2C+L.+Murphy&rft.au=Ujah%2C+Nacasius+U.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inderscienceonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1504%2FIJEA.2014.063736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://umno-online.my/2018/08/13/kerajaan-ph-kerajaan-kakistocracy/">"Kerajaan PH Kerajaan Kakistocracy"</a>. <i>umno-online.my</i>. 2018-08-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=umno-online.my&rft.atitle=Kerajaan+PH+Kerajaan+Kakistocracy&rft.date=2018-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fumno-online.my%2F2018%2F08%2F13%2Fkerajaan-ph-kerajaan-kakistocracy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2708880"/><cite id="CITEREFReport" class="citation web cs1">Report, Sarawak. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sarawakreport.org/talkback/from-kleptocracy-to-kakistocracy-malaysias-sad-progress/">"From Kleptocracy To Kakistocracy - Malaysia's Sad Progress"</a>. <i>Sarawak Report</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sarawak+Report&rft.atitle=From+Kleptocracy+To+Kakistocracy+-+Malaysia%27s+Sad+Progress&rft.aulast=Report&rft.aufirst=Sarawak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarawakreport.org%2Ftalkback%2Ffrom-kleptocracy-to-kakistocracy-malaysias-sad-progress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Frationalwiki.org%3AKakistocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="note" class="plainlinks stubtemplate" style="margin:auto; text-align:center; background-color: #f9f9f9; padding: .5em; border: 1px solid #aaa; width: 300px; font-style:italic;">This <a href="/wiki/Category:Government" title="Category:Government">government</a>-related article is a <b>stub</b>.<br />You can help RationalWiki by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Kakistocracy&action=edit"><b>expanding 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