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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_memoirs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_memoirs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early memoirs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_memoirs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_the_eighteenth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_the_eighteenth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>From the eighteenth century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_the_eighteenth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memoirs_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memoirs_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Memoirs today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memoirs_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Academia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Memoir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoires" title="Memoires – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Memoires" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مذكرات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مذكرات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xatir%C9%99" title="Xatirə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xatirə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87" title="خاطیره – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خاطیره" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мемуар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мемуар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Мемуары – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мемуары" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Спомени – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спомени" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B2ries" title="Memòries – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Memòries" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam%C4%9Bti" title="Paměti – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paměti" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoiren" title="Memoiren – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Memoiren" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memuaarid" title="Memuaarid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Memuaarid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Απομνημονεύματα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Απομνημονεύματα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorias" title="Memorias – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Memorias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memora%C4%B5oj" title="Memoraĵoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Memoraĵoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroitidazki" title="Oroitidazki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oroitidazki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84" title="شرح حال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شرح حال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9moires" title="Mémoires – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mémoires" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9A%8C%EA%B3%A0%EB%A1%9D" title="회고록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="회고록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հուշագրություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հուշագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="संस्मरण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संस्मरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoari" title="Memoari – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Memoari" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoar" title="Memoar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Memoar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorie_(genere_letterario)" title="Memorie (genere letterario) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Memorie (genere letterario)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ספר זיכרונות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספר זיכרונות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მემუარები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მემუარები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pami%C3%A3tnik" title="Pamiãtnik – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Pamiãtnik" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eml%C3%A9kirat" title="Emlékirat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Emlékirat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мемоар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мемоар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مذكرات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مذكرات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Memoir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoires" title="Memoires – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Memoires" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%83%B3%E9%8C%B2" title="回想録 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="回想録" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoar" title="Memoar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Memoar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memuar" title="Memuar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Memuar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pami%C4%99tnik" title="Pamiętnik – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pamiętnik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mem%C3%B3rias" title="Memórias – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Memórias" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorii" title="Memorii – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Memorii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Мемуары – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мемуары" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kujtime" title="Kujtime – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kujtime" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Memoir" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="يادگيريون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يادگيريون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memo%C3%A1re" title="Memoáre – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Memoáre" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D9%88%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%95)" title="بیرەوەری (وێژە) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بیرەوەری (وێژە)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мемоари – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мемоари" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoari" title="Memoari – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Memoari" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muistelmateos" title="Muistelmateos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muistelmateos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talang-gunita" title="Talang-gunita – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Talang-gunita" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0" title="స్వానుభవ చరిత్ర – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్వానుభవ చరిత్ర" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3" title="บันทึกความทรงจำ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บันทึกความทรงจำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82" title="Ёддошт – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ёддошт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C4%B1" title="Anı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мемуари – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мемуари" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="یادداشتیں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یادداشتیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93i_k%C3%BD" title="Hồi ký – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hồi ký" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of autobiographical or biographical writing</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the literary genre. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Memoir_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Memoir (disambiguation)">Memoir (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walden_Thoreau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Walden_Thoreau.jpg/200px-Walden_Thoreau.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Walden_Thoreau.jpg/300px-Walden_Thoreau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Walden_Thoreau.jpg/400px-Walden_Thoreau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="2292" /></a><figcaption>Title page of <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry Thoreau</a>'s memoir, <i><a href="/wiki/Walden" title="Walden">Walden</a></i> (1854)</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>memoir</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <i> mémoire</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[me.mwaʁ]</a></span>, from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <i> memoria</i> 'memory, remembrance') is any <a href="/wiki/Nonfiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonfiction">nonfiction</a> <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narrative</a> writing based on the author's personal memories.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assertions made in the work are thus understood to be factual. While memoir has historically been defined as a subcategory of <a href="/wiki/Biography" title="Biography">biography</a> or <a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">autobiography</a> since the late 20th century, the genre is differentiated in form, presenting a narrowed focus, usually a particular time phase in someone's life or career. A biography or autobiography tells the story "of a life", while a memoir often tells the story of a particular career, event, or time, such as <a href="/wiki/Touchstone_(metaphor)" title="Touchstone (metaphor)">touchstone</a> moments and turning points in the author's life. The author of a memoir may be referred to as a <b>memoirist</b> or a <b>memorialist</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_memoirs">Early memoirs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memoir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early memoirs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Memoirs have been written since the ancient times, as shown by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Commentarii_de_Bello_Gallico" title="Commentarii de Bello Gallico">Commentarii de Bello Gallico</a></i>, also known as <i>Commentaries on the Gallic Wars</i>. In the work, Caesar describes the battles that took place during the nine years that he spent fighting local armies in the <a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a>. His second memoir, <i><a href="/wiki/Commentarii_de_Bello_Civili" title="Commentarii de Bello Civili">Commentarii de Bello Civili</a></i> (or <i>Commentaries on the Civil War</i>) is an account of the events that took place between 49 and 48 BC in <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_civil_war" title="Caesar's civil war">the civil war</a> against <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Pompeius_Magnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus">Gnaeus Pompeius</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Senate</a>. The noted <a href="/wiki/Libanius" title="Libanius">Libanius</a>, teacher of rhetoric who lived between an estimated 314 and 394 AD, framed his life memoir as one of his literary <a href="/wiki/Oration" class="mw-redirect" title="Oration">orations</a>, which were written to be read aloud in the privacy of his study. This kind of memoir refers to the idea in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Rome</a>, that memoirs were like "memos", or pieces of unfinished and unpublished writing, which a writer might use as a memory aid to make a more finished document later on. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Sarashina_Nikki" title="Sarashina Nikki">Sarashina Nikki</a></i> is an example of an early Japanese memoir, written in the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a>. A genre of book writing, <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Bungaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikki Bungaku">Nikki Bungaku</a>, emerged during this time. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Villehardouin" title="Geoffrey of Villehardouin">Geoffrey of Villehardouin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Joinville" title="Jean de Joinville">Jean de Joinville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Commines" title="Philippe de Commines">Philippe de Commines</a> wrote memoirs, while the genre was represented toward the end of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, through the works of <a href="/wiki/Blaise_de_Lasseran-Massenc%C3%B4me,_seigneur_de_Montluc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blaise de Lasseran-Massencôme, seigneur de Montluc">Blaise de Montluc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Valois" title="Margaret of Valois">Margaret of Valois</a>, that she was the first woman to write her <i>Memoirs</i> in modern-style.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> encompassing the 17th and 18th centuries, works of memoir were written by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_1st_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury">Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rochefoucauld_(writer)" title="François de La Rochefoucauld (writer)">François de La Rochefoucauld</a>, Prince de Marcillac of France; and <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Rouvroy,_duc_de_Saint-Simon" title="Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon">Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon</a>, who wrote <i>Memoirs</i> at his family's home at the castle of <a href="/wiki/La_Fert%C3%A9-Vidame" title="La Ferté-Vidame">La Ferté-Vidame</a>. While Saint-Simon was considered a writer possessing a high level of skill for narrative and character development, it was not until well after his death that his work as a memoirist was recognized, resulting in literary fame.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="From_the_eighteenth_century">From the eighteenth century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memoir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: From the eighteenth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archive-ugent-be-7D309E20-C7E9-11E0-A4B4-E65737D8FA8C_DS-9_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Archive-ugent-be-7D309E20-C7E9-11E0-A4B4-E65737D8FA8C_DS-9_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Archive-ugent-be-7D309E20-C7E9-11E0-A4B4-E65737D8FA8C_DS-9_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Archive-ugent-be-7D309E20-C7E9-11E0-A4B4-E65737D8FA8C_DS-9_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Archive-ugent-be-7D309E20-C7E9-11E0-A4B4-E65737D8FA8C_DS-9_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Archive-ugent-be-7D309E20-C7E9-11E0-A4B4-E65737D8FA8C_DS-9_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Archive-ugent-be-7D309E20-C7E9-11E0-A4B4-E65737D8FA8C_DS-9_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1946" data-file-height="3172" /></a><figcaption>An excerpt from the manuscript "Memoires on <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s campaigns, experienced as a soldier of the second regiment", written by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Abbeel" title="Joseph Abbeel">Joseph Abbeel</a>, 1805–1815.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Over the latter half of the 18th through the mid-20th century, memoirists generally included those who were noted within their chosen profession. These authors wrote as a way to record and publish their own account of their public exploits. Authors included politicians or people in court society and were later joined by military leaders and businessmen. An exception to these models is <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a>'s 1854 memoir <i><a href="/wiki/Walden" title="Walden">Walden</a></i>, which presents his experiences over the course of two years in a cabin he built near <a href="/wiki/Walden_Pond" title="Walden Pond">Walden Pond</a>. </p><p>Twentieth-century war memoirs became a genre of their own, including, from the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Ernst Jünger</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Storm_of_Steel" title="Storm of Steel">Storm of Steel</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Manning" title="Frederic Manning">Frederic Manning</a>'s <i>Her Privates We</i>. Memoirs documenting incarceration by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> during the war include <a href="/wiki/Primo_Levi" title="Primo Levi">Primo Levi</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/If_This_Is_a_Man" title="If This Is a Man">If This Is a Man</a></i>, which covers his arrest as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Resistance_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Resistance Movement">Italian Resistance Movement</a>, followed by his life as a prisoner in <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Night_(memoir)" title="Night (memoir)">Night</a></i>, which is based on his life prior to and during his time in the Auschwitz, <a href="/wiki/Monowitz_Buna_Werke" class="mw-redirect" title="Monowitz Buna Werke">Buna Werke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald</a> concentration camps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memoirs_today">Memoirs today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memoir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Memoirs today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1990s, memoirs written by ordinary people experienced a sudden upsurge, as an increasing number of people realized that their <a href="/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor">ancestors'</a> and their own stories were about to disappear, in part as a result of the opportunities and distractions of technological advances. At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> and other research began to show that familiarity with <a href="/wiki/Genealogy" title="Genealogy">genealogy</a> helps people find their place in the world and that life review helps people come to terms with their own past.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the advent of inexpensive <a href="/wiki/Self-publishing" title="Self-publishing">digital book production</a> in the first decade of the 21st century,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Literary_genre" title="Literary genre">genre</a> exploded. Memoirs written as a way to pass down a personal legacy, rather than as a literary work of art or historical document, are emerging as a personal and family responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Personal_Historians" title="Association of Personal Historians">Association of Personal Historians</a> was a trade association for professionals who assisted individuals, families, and organizations in documenting their life stories.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It dissolved in 2017. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collections">Collections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memoir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the expressed interest of preserving history through the eyes of those who lived it, some organizations work with potential memoirists to bring their work to fruition. The <a href="/wiki/Veterans_History_Project" title="Veterans History Project">Veterans History Project</a>, for example, compiles the memoirs of those who have served in a branch of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a> – especially those who have seen active combat.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memoir&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Memoirs are usually understood to be factual accounts of people's lives, typically from their early years, and are derived from the French term <i>mémoire</i>, meaning "reminiscence" or "memory."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some works, which may be called free memoirs, are less strictly bound to remembered facts: "One type of life story is the <i>free memoir</i>, a form of nonfiction that, in presenting the past, deviates from factual and literal accuracy. This play of truth distinguishes the free memoir from the memoir per se, the word 'free' meaning what it does in <i>free translation</i>, that is, 'not literal or exact.'”<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academia">Academia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memoir&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Academia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term 'memoir' is used in some academic contexts to describe an essay on a learned subject. Examples include explanatory texts accompanying <a href="/wiki/Geologic_map" title="Geologic map">geologic maps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memoir&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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title="Portal:Books">Books portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diary" title="Diary">Diary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_memoirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Fake memoirs">Fake memoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_memoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphic memoir">Graphic memoir</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_ma_vie" title="Histoire de ma vie">Histoire de ma vie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_will_and_testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Last will and testament">Last will and testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_autobiographies_by_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of autobiographies by presidents of the United States">List of autobiographies by presidents of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_political_memoirs" title="List of American political memoirs">List of American political memoirs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memoir&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/memoir">"memoir"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">Oxford Learner's Dictionaries</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Learner%27s+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=memoir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fmemoir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/memoir">"memoir"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=memoir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fmemoir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222132611/https://www.lexico.com/definition/memoir">"memoir"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/memoir">the original</a> on 2019-12-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=memoir&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fmemoir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Viennot, Éliane, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revue.etudes-episteme.org/IMG/pdf/1Marguerite_de_Valois2.pdf">Marguerite de Valois et l'écriture de l'histoire, 1574-1614</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919174443/http://revue.etudes-episteme.org/IMG/pdf/1Marguerite_de_Valois2.pdf">Archived</a> 2020-09-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, <i>Études Épistémè</i>, 17, spring 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaintsbury1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Saintsbury" title="George Saintsbury">Saintsbury, George</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Saint-Simon,_Louis_de_Rouvroy,_Duc_de">"Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saint-Simon%2C+Louis+de+Rouvroy%2C+Duc+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=47-48&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Saintsbury&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:7D309E20-C7E9-11E0-A4B4-E65737D8FA8C#?c=&m=&s=&cv=2&xywh=-1262,-184,6523,3642">"Gedenkschriften over Napoleon's veldtochten, meegemaakt als soldaat bij het 2e regiment carabiniers te paard, 1805–1815"</a>. <i>lib.ugent.be</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lib.ugent.be&rft.atitle=Gedenkschriften+over+Napoleon%27s+veldtochten%2C+meegemaakt+als+soldaat+bij+het+2e+regiment+carabiniers+te+paard%2C+1805%E2%80%931815&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.ugent.be%2Fviewer%2Farchive.ugent.be%3A7D309E20-C7E9-11E0-A4B4-E65737D8FA8C%23%3Fc%3D%26m%3D%26s%3D%26cv%3D2%26xywh%3D-1262%2C-184%2C6523%2C3642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLedoux2006" class="citation book cs1">Ledoux, Denis (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QDUoXUx1UfIC"><i>Turning Memories Into Memoirs: A Handbook for Writing Lifestories</i></a>. Writer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0974277349" title="Special:BookSources/978-0974277349"><bdi>978-0974277349</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turning+Memories+Into+Memoirs%3A+A+Handbook+for+Writing+Lifestories&rft.pub=Writer&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0974277349&rft.aulast=Ledoux&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQDUoXUx1UfIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenke2001" class="citation book cs1">Henke, Harold (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/electronicbookse0000henk"><i>Electronic Books and ePublishing: A Practical Guide for Authors</i></a></span>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1852334352" title="Special:BookSources/978-1852334352"><bdi>978-1852334352</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electronic+Books+and+ePublishing%3A+A+Practical+Guide+for+Authors&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1852334352&rft.aulast=Henke&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felectronicbookse0000henk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalzer2011" class="citation book cs1">Balzer, Paula (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cCBjDwAAQBAJ"><i>Writing & Selling Your Memoir: How to Craft Your Life Story So That Somebody Else Will Actually Want to Read It</i></a>. Writer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1599631356" title="Special:BookSources/978-1599631356"><bdi>978-1599631356</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+%26+Selling+Your+Memoir%3A+How+to+Craft+Your+Life+Story+So+That+Somebody+Else+Will+Actually+Want+to+Read+It&rft.pub=Writer&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1599631356&rft.aulast=Balzer&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcCBjDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2002" class="citation news cs1">Wright, Chris (2002-01-17). "Ordinary people". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_(newspaper)" title="The Phoenix (newspaper)">The Phoenix</a></i>. Phoenix Media/Communications Group.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Phoenix&rft.atitle=Ordinary+people&rft.date=2002-01-17&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/vets">"Veterans History Project (Library of Congress)"</a>. <i>loc.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=loc.gov&rft.atitle=Veterans+History+Project+%28Library+of+Congress%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fvets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://literaryterms.net/memoir/">"Memoir: Definition and Examples"</a>. <i>Literary Terms</i>. 2018-10-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Literary+Terms&rft.atitle=Memoir%3A+Definition+and+Examples&rft.date=2018-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fliteraryterms.net%2Fmemoir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSays2015" class="citation web cs1">Says, Masterarchivist (2015-03-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://backhandblog.wordpress.com/2015/03/13/the-free-memoir-a-license-to-thrill/">"The Free Memoir: A License to Thrill"</a>. <i>Backhand Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Backhand+Blog&rft.atitle=The+Free+Memoir%3A+A+License+to+Thrill&rft.date=2015-03-13&rft.aulast=Says&rft.aufirst=Masterarchivist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbackhandblog.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F03%2F13%2Fthe-free-memoir-a-license-to-thrill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilneBeckleyJonesWallace1936" class="citation journal cs1">Milne, Geoffrey; Beckley, Verey Alfred; Jones, Gwilym Howell Gethin; Wallace, Stanley Martin; Griffith, Goronwy; Raymond, Leonard William (October 1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lww.com/soilsci/citation/1936/10000/a_provisional_soil_map_of_east_africa__kenya,.18.aspx">"A Provisional Soil Map of East Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, and Zanzibar) with Explanatory Memoir"</a>. <i>Soil Science</i>. <b>42</b> (4): 317. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1936SoilS..42..317M">1936SoilS..42..317M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00010694-193610000-00018">10.1097/00010694-193610000-00018</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6022506">6022506</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soil+Science&rft.atitle=A+Provisional+Soil+Map+of+East+Africa+%28Kenya%2C+Uganda%2C+Tanganyika%2C+and+Zanzibar%29+with+Explanatory+Memoir&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=317&rft.date=1936-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6022506&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00010694-193610000-00018&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1936SoilS..42..317M&rft.aulast=Milne&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.au=Beckley%2C+Verey+Alfred&rft.au=Jones%2C+Gwilym+Howell+Gethin&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Stanley+Martin&rft.au=Griffith%2C+Goronwy&rft.au=Raymond%2C+Leonard+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Fsoilsci%2Fcitation%2F1936%2F10000%2Fa_provisional_soil_map_of_east_africa__kenya%2C.18.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemoir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memoir&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Memoirs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Memoirs">Memoirs</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/memoir" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/memoir">memoir</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celadonbooks.com/what-is-a-memoir/">"What Is a Memoir?"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://writershivemedia.com/creative-writing/how-to-start-writing-a-memoir-tips-for-starting-your-memoir/">"How to Start Writing a Memoir: 14 Tips for Starting Your Memoir"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://magazine.columbia.edu/article/so-you-think-you-can-write-memoir">"So You Think You Can Write a Memoir?"</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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