CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Elie Wiesel - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3dc620f5-27be-4399-8d8b-808a307a72c4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Elie_Wiesel","wgTitle":"Elie Wiesel","wgCurRevisionId":1256097807,"wgRevisionId":1256097807,"wgArticleId":10518,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu)","CS1 maint: unfit URL","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Use American English from August 2023","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from August 2023","Articles with hAudio microformats","Articles containing Yiddish-language text","Incomplete lists from November 2011","CS1: long volume value", "Articles containing French-language text","Commons category link from Wikidata","Webarchive template archiveis links","Articles with Open Library links","People appearing on C-SPAN","Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024","Nobel Peace Prize laureates","American Nobel laureates","Romanian Nobel laureates","20th-century American novelists","21st-century American novelists","20th-century translators","21st-century translators","American activists","American human rights activists","Jewish human rights activists","American agnostics","American Federation of Teachers people","American Jewish theologians","American male novelists","American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent","American people of Romanian-Jewish descent","American religious writers","American memoirists","Jewish American memoirists","Jewish American novelists","American writers about the Holocaust","Auschwitz concentration camp survivors","Buchenwald concentration camp survivors", "Jewish concentration camp survivors","American biblical scholars","Columbia University faculty","Boston University faculty","Congressional Gold Medal recipients","Hasidic Judaism","Jewish agnostics","Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire","Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany","Madoff investment scandal","Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters","National Humanities Medal recipients","Nazi-era ghetto inmates","Novelists from Massachusetts","People from Sighetu Marmației","Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients","Prix Médicis winners","Prix du Livre Inter winners","Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Distinction of Israel","Romanian agnostics","Romanian emigrants to the United States","Romanian Jews","Romanian writers","The Holocaust in Hungary","Translators to Yiddish","United Nations Messengers of Peace","University of Paris alumni","Victims of human rights abuses","Writers on antisemitism", "Yiddish-language writers","21st-century American non-fiction writers","American male non-fiction writers","Burials at Kensico Cemetery","Grand Officers of the Order of the Star of Romania","20th-century American male writers","21st-century American male writers","1928 births","2016 deaths"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Elie_Wiesel","wgRelevantArticleId":10518,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["autoconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q18391","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1791"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg/800px-ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1194"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg/640px-ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="955"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Elie Wiesel - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Elie_Wiesel rootpage-Elie_Wiesel skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Elie+Wiesel" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Elie+Wiesel" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Elie+Wiesel" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Elie+Wiesel" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imprisonment_and_orphaning_during_the_Holocaust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imprisonment_and_orphaning_during_the_Holocaust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Imprisonment and orphaning during the Holocaust </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imprisonment_and_orphaning_during_the_Holocaust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_career_as_a_writer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_career_as_a_writer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Post-war career as a writer </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-war_career_as_a_writer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Post-war career as a writer subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Post-war_career_as_a_writer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 France </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Political activism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_activism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political activism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Support_for_Israeli_government_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_for_Israeli_government_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Support for Israeli government policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_for_Israeli_government_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Awards and activism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Teaching </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Death and aftermath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Awards and honors </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Awards and honors subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Honorary degrees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Elie Wiesel</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" > 79 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84" title="إيلي فيزيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيلي فيزيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Էլի Վիզել – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Էլի Վիզել" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Vizel" title="Eli Vizel – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Eli Vizel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%84" title="الی ویزل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الی ویزل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="এলি উইজেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এলি উইজেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Элі Візель – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Элі Візель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Элі Візэль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Элі Візэль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ели Визел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ели Визел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BB%CE%B9_%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Έλι Βίζελ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έλι Βίζελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%84" title="الی ویزل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الی ویزل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC_%EB%B9%84%EC%A0%A4" title="엘리 비젤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘리 비젤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Էլի Վիզել – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլի Վիզել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Vizel" title="Eli Vizel – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Eli Vizel" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9C" title="אלי ויזל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלי ויזל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ელი ვიზელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელი ვიზელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elia_Wiesel" title="Elia Wiesel – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Elia Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_V%C4%ABzels" title="Eli Vīzels – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eli Vīzels" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BD" title="ഈലി വീസൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഈലി വീസൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ელი ვიზელი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ელი ვიზელი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84" title="ايلى فيزيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايلى فيزيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%86%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="အဲလီ ဝီဆယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဲလီ ဝီဆယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AB" title="エリ・ヴィーゼル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エリ・ヴィーゼル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2" title="ਐਲੀ ਵੀਜ਼ਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਲੀ ਵੀਜ਼ਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%84" title="ایلی ویزل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایلی ویزل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%84" title="الي ویزل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الي ویزل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Визель, Эли – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Визель, Эли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ели Визел – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ели Визел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எலீ வீசல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எலீ வீசல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Елі Візель – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Елі Візель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%84" title="ایلی ویزل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایلی ویزل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%91%9F%E5%B0%94" title="埃利·维瑟尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃利·维瑟尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A2%D7%9C" title="אלי וויזעל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלי וויזעל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Elie Wiesel" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%91%9F%E5%B0%94" title="埃利·维瑟尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃利·维瑟尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18391#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Elie_Wiesel" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elie_Wiesel&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elie_Wiesel&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elie_Wiesel&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elie_Wiesel&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Elie_Wiesel" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Elie_Wiesel" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elie_Wiesel&oldid=1256097807" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elie_Wiesel&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Elie_Wiesel&id=1256097807&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FElie_Wiesel">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FElie_Wiesel">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Elie_Wiesel&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elie_Wiesel&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Elie_Wiesel" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18391" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Romanian-born American writer and political activist (1928–2016)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Elie Wiesel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:ELIE_WIESEL_(5112581267).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiesel in 1996"><img alt="Wiesel in 1996" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg/220px-ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg/330px-ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg/440px-ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1603" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Wiesel in 1996</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Eliezer Wiesel (1928-09-30)September 30, 1928 <a href="/wiki/Sighet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sighet">Sighet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">July 2, 2016(2016-07-02) (aged 87) New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Gardens_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharon Gardens Cemetery">Sharon Gardens Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valhalla,_NY" class="mw-redirect" title="Valhalla, NY">Valhalla, NY</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Author</li><li>professor</li><li>activist</li><li>journalist</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Romania (<a href="/wiki/Second_Vienna_Award" title="Second Vienna Award">until 1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a> (1940–1944)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">Stateless</a> (1944–1963)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li>United States (from 1963)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Subjects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust literature">The Holocaust</a></li><li>religion</li><li>philosophy</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Night_(memoir)" title="Night (memoir)">Night</a> (1960)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> 1984 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="French Legion of Honor">French Legion of Honor</a> – Commander, Grand Officer, Grand Cross 1984, 1990, 2000 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> 1986 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> 1992 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Order of the Star of Romania">Order of the Star of Romania</a> – Grand Officer 2002 </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary knighthood">Honorary knighthood</a> 2006 </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Marion Erster Rose</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1969)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Wiesel" title="Elisha Wiesel">Elisha</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Elie_Wiesel_voice.ogg" title="File:Elie Wiesel voice.ogg">Elie Wiesel's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="217" data-mwtitle="Elie_Wiesel_voice.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/Elie_Wiesel_voice.ogg/Elie_Wiesel_voice.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Elie_Wiesel_voice.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Wiesel's "The Perils of Indifference" speech Recorded April 12, 1999</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɛli viːˈzɛl/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">EL-ee vee-ZEL</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈiːlaɪ ˈviːsəl/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">EE-ly VEE-səl</a>;<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: אליעזר "אלי" װיזל, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Yiddish">romanized</a>: Eliezer "Eli" Vizl; September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-born American writer, professor, political activist, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates#1980" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Nobel laureate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_survivor" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust survivor">Holocaust survivor</a>. He authored <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel_bibliography" title="Elie Wiesel bibliography">57 books</a>, written mostly in French and English, including <a href="/wiki/Night_(memoir)" title="Night (memoir)">Night</a>, a work based on his experiences as a Jewish prisoner in the <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchenwald">Buchenwald</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AP-6">[6]</a> In his political activities Wiesel became a regular speaker on the subject of the Holocaust and remained a strong defender of human rights during his lifetime. He also advocated for many other causes like the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">state of Israel</a> and against <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and victims of oppression including <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of the Jews in the Soviet Union">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Ethiopian Jews</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid in South Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide" title="Bosnian genocide">Bosnian genocide</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">Sudan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Argentina" title="History of Argentina">Argentina</a>'s Desaparecidos or Nicaragua's <a href="/wiki/Miskito_people" title="Miskito people">Miskito people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> He was a professor of the humanities at <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a>, which created the Elie Wiesel Center for Jewish Studies in his honor. He was involved with Jewish causes and human rights causes and helped establish the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a> in Washington, D.C. Wiesel was awarded various prestigious awards including the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-PBS-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-11">[11]</a> He was a founding board member of the New York <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Foundation" title="Human Rights Foundation">Human Rights Foundation</a> and remained active in it throughout his life.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eli_wiesel_house_in_sighet01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Eli_wiesel_house_in_sighet01.jpg/220px-Eli_wiesel_house_in_sighet01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Eli_wiesel_house_in_sighet01.jpg/330px-Eli_wiesel_house_in_sighet01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Eli_wiesel_house_in_sighet01.jpg/440px-Eli_wiesel_house_in_sighet01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The house in which Wiesel was born in Sighet</figcaption></figure> Eliezer Wiesel was born in <a href="/wiki/Sighet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sighet">Sighet</a> (now Sighetu Marmației), <a href="/wiki/Maramure%C8%99_County" title="Maramureș County">Maramureș</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathian Mountains</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kirjasto.sci.fi-14">[14]</a> His parents were Sarah Feig and Shlomo Wiesel. At home, Wiesel's family spoke <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a> most of the time, but also German, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Wiesel's mother, Sarah, was the daughter of Dodye Feig, a <a href="/wiki/Vizhnitz_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)">Vizhnitz</a> <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasid</a> and farmer from the nearby village of <a href="/wiki/Bocsk%C3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Bocskó">Bocskó</a>. Dodye was active and trusted within the community. Wiesel's father, Shlomo, instilled a strong sense of <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a> in his son, encouraging him to learn <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> and to read literature, whereas his mother encouraged him to study the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>. Wiesel said his father represented reason, while his mother Sarah promoted faith.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Wiesel was instructed that his genealogy traced back to <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rabbi Schlomo Yitzhaki (Rashi)</a>, and was a descendant of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yeshayahu_ben_Abraham_Horovitz_ha-Levi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshayahu ben Abraham Horovitz ha-Levi">Yeshayahu ben Abraham Horovitz ha-Levi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Wiesel had three siblings—older sisters Beatrice and Hilda, and younger sister Tzipora. Beatrice and Hilda survived the war, and were reunited with Wiesel at a French orphanage. They eventually emigrated to North America, with Beatrice moving to <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Quebec, Canada. Tzipora, Shlomo, and Sarah did not survive <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imprisonment_and_orphaning_during_the_Holocaust">Imprisonment and orphaning during the Holocaust</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg/220px-Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg/330px-Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg/440px-Buchenwald_Slave_Laborers_Liberation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2699" data-file-height="2190" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald concentration camp</a>, photo taken April 16, 1945, five days after liberation of the camp. Wiesel is in the second row from the bottom, seventh from the left, next to the bunk post.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></figcaption></figure> In March 1944, Germany <a href="/wiki/Operation_Margarethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Margarethe">occupied</a> Hungary, thus extending the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Hungary">Holocaust</a> into <a href="/wiki/Northern_Transylvania" title="Northern Transylvania">Northern Transylvania</a> as well.<a href="#cite_note-20">[a]</a> Wiesel was 15, and he, with his family, along with the rest of the town's Jewish population, was placed in one of the two confinement ghettos set up in Máramarossziget (<a href="/wiki/Sighet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sighet">Sighet</a>), the town where he had been born and raised. In May 1944, the Hungarian authorities, under German pressure, began to <a href="/wiki/Deport" class="mw-redirect" title="Deport">deport</a> the Jewish community to the <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a>, where up to 90 percent of the people were murdered on arrival.<a href="#cite_note-Huffington-21">[20]</a> Immediately after they were sent to Auschwitz, his mother and his younger sister were murdered.<a href="#cite_note-Huffington-21">[20]</a> Wiesel and his father were selected to perform labor so long as they remained able-bodied, after which they were to be murdered in the gas chambers. Wiesel and his father were later deported to the concentration camp at <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald</a>. Until that transfer, he admitted to <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a>, his primary motivation for trying to survive Auschwitz was knowing that his father was still alive: "I knew that if I died, he would die."<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> After they were taken to Buchenwald, his father died before the camp was liberated.<a href="#cite_note-Huffington-21">[20]</a> In Night,<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> Wiesel recalled the shame he felt when he heard his father being beaten and was unable to help.<a href="#cite_note-Huffington-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Wiesel was <a href="/wiki/Identification_in_Nazi_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Identification in Nazi camps">tattooed with inmate number</a> "A-7713" on his left arm.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> The camp was liberated by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Third_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Third Army">U.S. Third Army</a> on April 11, 1945, when they were just prepared to be evacuated from Buchenwald.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-war_career_as_a_writer">Post-war career as a writer</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3></div> After World War II ended and Wiesel was freed, he joined a transport of 1,000 child survivors of Buchenwald to <a href="/wiki/Ecouis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecouis">Ecouis</a>, France, where the <a href="/wiki/%C5%92uvre_de_secours_aux_enfants" title="Œuvre de secours aux enfants">Œuvre de secours aux enfants</a> (OSE) had established a rehabilitation center. Wiesel joined a smaller group of 90 to 100 boys from Orthodox homes who wanted <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kosher</a> facilities and a higher level of religious observance; they were cared for in a home in <a href="/wiki/Ambloy" title="Ambloy">Ambloy</a> under the directorship of <a href="/wiki/Judith_Hemmendinger" title="Judith Hemmendinger">Judith Hemmendinger</a>. This home was later moved to <a href="/wiki/Taverny" title="Taverny">Taverny</a> and operated until 1947.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-ami-29">[28]</a> Afterwards, Wiesel traveled to Paris where he learned French and studied literature, philosophy and psychology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">Sorbonne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Huffington-21">[20]</a> He heard lectures by philosopher <a href="/wiki/Martin_Buber" title="Martin Buber">Martin Buber</a> and existentialist <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> and he spent his evenings reading works by <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoyevsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyodor Dostoyevsky">Fyodor Dostoyevsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Snodgrass-30">[29]</a> By the time he was 19, he had begun working as a journalist, writing in French, while also teaching <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> and working as a choirmaster.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> He wrote for Israeli and French newspapers, including Tsien in Kamf (in <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Snodgrass-30">[29]</a> In 1946, after learning of the <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_King_David_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of the King David Hotel">bombing of the King David Hotel</a> in Jerusalem, Wiesel made an unsuccessful attempt to join the underground Zionist movement. In 1948, he translated articles from Hebrew into Yiddish for Irgun periodicals, but never became a member of the organization.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> In 1949, he traveled to Israel as a correspondent for the French newspaper L'arche. He then was hired as Paris correspondent for the Israeli newspaper <a href="/wiki/Yedioth_Ahronoth" title="Yedioth Ahronoth">Yedioth Ahronoth</a>, subsequently becoming its roaming international correspondent.<a href="#cite_note-Virtual-33">[32]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ; color: #202122;background-color: LightCyan;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: LightCyan;">Excerpt from Night</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed. Never shall I forget that smoke. Never shall I forget the little faces of the children, whose bodies I saw turned into wreaths of smoke beneath a silent blue sky. Never shall I forget those flames which consumed my faith forever. Never shall I forget that nocturnal silence which deprived me, for all eternity, of the desire to live. Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Elie Wiesel, from <a href="/wiki/Night_(memoir)" title="Night (memoir)">Night</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PBS-10">[10]</a></cite></div> </div> For ten years after the war, Wiesel refused to write about or discuss his experiences during the Holocaust. He began to reconsider his decision after a meeting with the French author <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a>, the 1952 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Laureate in Literature</a> who eventually became Wiesel's close friend. Mauriac was a devout Christian who had fought in the <a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> during the war. He compared Wiesel to "<a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a> rising from the dead", and saw from Wiesel's tormented eyes, "the death of God in the soul of a child".<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Mauriac persuaded him to begin writing about his harrowing experiences.<a href="#cite_note-Snodgrass-30">[29]</a> Wiesel first wrote the 900-page memoir Un di velt hot geshvign (And the World Remained Silent) in <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>, which was published in abridged form in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> Wiesel rewrote a shortened version of the manuscript in French, La Nuit, in 1955. It was translated into English as <a href="/wiki/Night_(memoir)" title="Night (memoir)">Night</a> in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> The book sold few copies after its initial publication, but still attracted interest from reviewers, leading to television interviews with Wiesel and meetings with writers such as <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a>. As its profile rose, Night was eventually translated into 30 languages with ten million copies sold in the United States. At one point film director <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> wanted to make it into a feature film, but Wiesel refused, feeling that his memoir would lose its meaning if it were told without the silences in between his words.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a> made it a spotlight selection for her book club in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Huffington-21">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> In 1955, Wiesel moved to New York as foreign correspondent for the Israel daily, <a href="/wiki/Yediot_Ahronot" class="mw-redirect" title="Yediot Ahronot">Yediot Ahronot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Virtual-33">[32]</a> In 1969, he married Austrian Marion Erster Rose, who also translated many of his books.<a href="#cite_note-Virtual-33">[32]</a> They had one son, <a href="/wiki/Elisha_Wiesel" title="Elisha Wiesel">Shlomo Elisha Wiesel</a>, named after Wiesel's father.<a href="#cite_note-Virtual-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telushkin,_Joseph_pp.190-39">[38]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elie_Wiesel_(1987)_by_Erling_Mandelmann_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Elie_Wiesel_%281987%29_by_Erling_Mandelmann_-_2.jpg/170px-Elie_Wiesel_%281987%29_by_Erling_Mandelmann_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Elie_Wiesel_%281987%29_by_Erling_Mandelmann_-_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Wiesel in 1987</figcaption></figure> In the U.S., he eventually wrote over 40 books, most of them non-fiction <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_art_and_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="The Holocaust in art and literature">Holocaust literature</a>, and novels. As an author, he was awarded a number of literary prizes and is considered among the most important in describing the Holocaust from a highly personal perspective.<a href="#cite_note-Virtual-33">[32]</a> As a result, some historians credited Wiesel with giving the term <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/holocaust" class="extiw" title="wikt:holocaust">Holocaust</a> its present meaning, although he did not feel that the word adequately described that historical event.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> In 1975, he co-founded the magazine <a href="/wiki/Moment_(magazine)" title="Moment (magazine)">Moment</a> with writer <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Fein" title="Leonard Fein">Leonard Fein</a>. The 1979 book and play <a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_God" title="The Trial of God">The Trial of God</a> are said to have been based on his real-life Auschwitz experience of witnessing three Jews who, close to death, conduct a <a href="/wiki/Lawsuits_against_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawsuits against God">trial against God</a>, under the accusation that He has been oppressive towards the Jewish people.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Wiesel also played a role in the initial success of <a href="/wiki/The_Painted_Bird" title="The Painted Bird">The Painted Bird</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Kosinski" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerzy Kosinski">Jerzy Kosinski</a> by endorsing it before it became known the book was fiction and, in the sense that it was presented as all Kosinski's true experience, a <a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">hoax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BN-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-NF-43">[42]</a> Wiesel published two volumes of memoirs. The first, All Rivers Run to the Sea, was published in 1994 and covered his life up to the year 1969. The second, titled And the Sea is Never Full and published in 1999, covered the years from 1969 to 1999.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_activism">Political activism</h2></div> Wiesel and his wife, Marion, started the <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel_Foundation_for_Humanity" title="Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity">Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity</a> in 1986. He served as chairman of the President's Commission on the Holocaust (later renamed the US Holocaust Memorial Council) from 1978 to 1986, spearheading the building of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a> in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Strochlitz" title="Sigmund Strochlitz">Sigmund Strochlitz</a> was his close friend and confidant during these years.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> The Holocaust Memorial Museum gives the Elie Wiesel Award to "internationally prominent individuals whose actions have advanced the Museum's vision of a world where people confront <a href="/wiki/Hatred" title="Hatred">hatred</a>, prevent <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a>, and promote human <a href="/wiki/Dignity" title="Dignity">dignity</a>".<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> The Foundation had invested its endowment in money manager <a href="/wiki/Bernard_L._Madoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard L. Madoff">Bernard L. Madoff</a>'s investment <a href="/wiki/Ponzi_scheme" title="Ponzi scheme">Ponzi scheme</a>, costing the Foundation $15 million and Wiesel and his wife much of their own personal savings.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_for_Israeli_government_policy">Support for Israeli government policy</h3></div> In 1982, at the request of the Israeli Foreign Ministry, Wiesel agreed to resign from his position as chairman of a <a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_the_Holocaust_and_Genocide" title="International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide">planned international conference</a> on the Holocaust and the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>. Wiesel then worked with the Foreign Ministry in its attempts to get the conference either canceled or to remove all discussion of the Armenian genocide from it, and to those ends he provided the Foreign Ministry with internal documents on the conference's planning and lobbied fellow academics to not attend the conference.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> During his lifetime, Wiesel had deflected questions on the topic of the Israeli settlements, claiming to abstain from commenting on Israel's internal debates.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Hussein_Ibish" title="Hussein Ibish">Hussein Ibish</a>, despite this position, Wiesel had gone on record as supporting the idea of expanding <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Jewish settlements</a> into the Palestinian territories conquered by Israel during the 6 Day War; such settlements are considered illegal by the international community.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_activism">Awards and activism</h3></div> Wiesel was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> in 1986 for speaking out against violence, repression, and racism. The <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee" title="Norwegian Nobel Committee">Norwegian Nobel Committee</a> described Wiesel as "one of the most important spiritual leaders and guides in an age when violence, repression, and racism continue to characterize the world" and called him a "messenger to mankind". It also stressed that Wiesel's commitment originated in the sufferings of the Jewish people but that he expanded it to embrace all repressed peoples and races.<a href="#cite_note-:0-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-PBS-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-11">[11]</a> In his acceptance speech he delivered a message "of peace, atonement, and human dignity". He explained his feelings: "Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented. Sometimes we must interfere. When human lives are endangered, when human dignity is in jeopardy, national borders and sensitivities become irrelevant."<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> He received many other prizes and honors for his work, including the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> in 1985, the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>, and The International Center in New York's Award of Excellence.<a href="#cite_note-Wharton-55">[54]</a> He was also elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="American Academy of Arts and Letters">American Academy of Arts and Letters</a> in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> Wiesel co-founded <a href="/wiki/Moment_(magazine)" title="Moment (magazine)">Moment</a> magazine with <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Fein" title="Leonard Fein">Leonard Fein</a> in 1975. They founded the magazine to provide a voice for American Jews.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> He was also a member of the International Advisory Board of <a href="/wiki/NGO_Monitor" title="NGO Monitor">NGO Monitor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> A staunch opponent of the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">death penalty</a>, Wiesel stated that he thought that even <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a> should not have been executed.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> In April 1999, Wiesel delivered the speech "The Perils of Indifference" in Washington D.C., criticizing the people and countries who chose to be indifferent while the Holocaust was happening.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> He defined indifference as being neutral between two sides, which, in this case, amounts to overlooking the victims of the Holocaust. Throughout the speech, he expressed the view that a little bit of attention, either positive or negative, is better than no attention at all.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> In 2003, he discovered and publicized the fact that at least 280,000 <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine" title="History of the Jews in Ukraine">Ukrainian Jews</a>, along with other groups, were massacred in Romanian-run <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">death camps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> In 2005, he gave a speech at the opening ceremony of the new building of <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a>, the Israeli Holocaust History Museum: <blockquote>I know what people say – it is so easy. Those that were there won't agree with that statement. The statement is: it was man's inhumanity to man. NO! It was man's inhumanity to Jews! Jews were not killed because they were human beings. In the eyes of the killers they were not human beings! They were Jews!<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a></blockquote> In early 2006, Wiesel accompanied Oprah Winfrey as she visited <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz</a>, a visit which was broadcast as part of <a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> On November 30, 2006, Wiesel received a <a href="/wiki/British_honours_system#Knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="British honours system">knighthood</a> in London in recognition of his work toward raising Holocaust education in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen-65">[64]</a> In September 2006, he appeared before the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> with actor <a href="/wiki/George_Clooney" title="George Clooney">George Clooney</a> to call attention to the humanitarian crisis in <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a>. When Wiesel died, Clooney wrote, "We had a champion who carried our pain, our guilt, and our responsibility on his shoulders for generations."<a href="#cite_note-AP2-66">[65]</a> In 2007, Wiesel was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Literary_Peace_Prize" title="Dayton Literary Peace Prize">Dayton Literary Peace Prize</a>'s Lifetime Achievement Award.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> That same year, the Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity issued a letter condemning <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial">Armenian genocide denial</a>, a letter that was signed by 53 Nobel laureates including Wiesel. Wiesel repeatedly called Turkey's 90-year-old campaign to downplay its actions during the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> a double killing.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalai_Lama_and_Bush_welcome_Elie_Wiesel_(2007).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dalai_Lama_and_Bush_welcome_Elie_Wiesel_%282007%29.jpg/220px-Dalai_Lama_and_Bush_welcome_Elie_Wiesel_%282007%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dalai_Lama_and_Bush_welcome_Elie_Wiesel_%282007%29.jpg/330px-Dalai_Lama_and_Bush_welcome_Elie_Wiesel_%282007%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Dalai_Lama_and_Bush_welcome_Elie_Wiesel_%282007%29.jpg/440px-Dalai_Lama_and_Bush_welcome_Elie_Wiesel_%282007%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, joined by the <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> and Wiesel, October 17, 2007, to the ceremony at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., for the presentation of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> to the Dalai Lama</figcaption></figure> In 2009, Wiesel criticized the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a> for lifting the <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunication</a> of controversial bishop <a href="/wiki/Richard_Williamson_(bishop)" title="Richard Williamson (bishop)">Richard Williamson</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Pius_X" title="Society of Saint Pius X">Society of Saint Pius X</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> The excommunication was later reimposed. In June 2009, Wiesel accompanied US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> as they toured the <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald concentration camp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Wiesel was an adviser at the <a href="/wiki/Gatestone_Institute" title="Gatestone Institute">Gatestone Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> In 2010, Wiesel accepted a five-year appointment as a Distinguished Presidential Fellow at <a href="/wiki/Chapman_University" title="Chapman University">Chapman University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a>. In that role, he made a one-week visit to Chapman annually to meet with students and offer his perspective on subjects ranging from Holocaust history to religion, languages, literature, law and music.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> In July 2009, Wiesel announced his support to the minority <a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">Tamils</a> in Sri Lanka. He said that, "Wherever minorities are being persecuted, we must raise our voices to protest ... The Tamil people are being disenfranchised and victimized by the Sri Lanka authorities. This injustice must stop. The Tamil people must be allowed to live in peace and flourish in their homeland."<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> In 2009, Wiesel returned to Hungary for his first visit since the Holocaust. During this visit, Wiesel participated in a conference at the Upper House Chamber of the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Parliament">Hungarian Parliament</a>, met Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bajnai" title="Gordon Bajnai">Gordon Bajnai</a> and President <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_S%C3%B3lyom" title="László Sólyom">László Sólyom</a>, and made a speech to the approximately 10,000 participants of an anti-racist gathering held in <a href="/wiki/Faith_Church,_Hungary" title="Faith Church, Hungary">Faith Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> However, in 2012, he protested against "the whitewashing" of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Hungary">Hungary's involvement in the Holocaust</a>, and he gave up the Great Cross award he had received from the Hungarian government.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Wiesel was active in trying to prevent Iran from making nuclear weapons, stating that, "The words and actions of the leadership of Iran leave no doubt as to their intentions".<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> He also condemned <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> for the "use of children as human shields" during the <a href="/wiki/2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Israel–Gaza conflict">2014 Israel–Gaza conflict</a> by running an ad in several large newspapers.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> refused to run the advertisement, saying, "The opinion being expressed is too strong, and too forcefully made, and will cause concern amongst a significant number of Times readers."<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> Wiesel often emphasized the Jewish connection to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, and criticized the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> for pressuring Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> to halt East Jerusalem <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a> construction.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> He stated that "Jerusalem is above politics. It is mentioned more than six hundred times in Scripture—and not a single time in the Koran ... It belongs to the Jewish people and is much more than a city".<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teaching">Teaching</h2></div> Wiesel held the position of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mellon" title="Andrew Mellon">Andrew Mellon</a> Professor of the <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a> at <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> from 1976,<a href="#cite_note-Boston-87">[86]</a> teaching in both its religion and philosophy departments.<a href="#cite_note-dss-88">[87]</a> He became a close friend of the president and chancellor <a href="/wiki/John_Silber" title="John Silber">John Silber</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> The university created the Elie Wiesel Center for Jewish Studies in his honor.<a href="#cite_note-Boston-87">[86]</a> From 1972 to 1976 Wiesel was a Distinguished Professor at the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a> and member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Teachers" title="American Federation of Teachers">American Federation of Teachers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> In 1982 he served as the first <a href="/wiki/Henry_Luce" title="Henry Luce">Henry Luce</a> Visiting Scholar in Humanities and Social Thought at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dss-88">[87]</a> He also co-instructed Winter Term (January) courses at <a href="/wiki/Eckerd_College" title="Eckerd College">Eckerd College</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a>. From 1997 to 1999 he was Ingeborg Rennert Visiting professor of <a href="/wiki/Judaic_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaic Studies">Judaic Studies</a> at <a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">Barnard College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elie_Wiesel_and_wife_Marion_2012_Shankbone.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Elie_Wiesel_and_wife_Marion_2012_Shankbone.JPG/220px-Elie_Wiesel_and_wife_Marion_2012_Shankbone.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Elie_Wiesel_and_wife_Marion_2012_Shankbone.JPG/330px-Elie_Wiesel_and_wife_Marion_2012_Shankbone.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Elie_Wiesel_and_wife_Marion_2012_Shankbone.JPG/440px-Elie_Wiesel_and_wife_Marion_2012_Shankbone.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3130" data-file-height="2504" /></a><figcaption>Wiesel and wife Marion at the <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">2012 Time 100</a></figcaption></figure> In 1969 he married Marion Erster Rose, who originally was from Austria and also translated many of his books.<a href="#cite_note-Virtual-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> They had one son, <a href="/wiki/Elisha_Wiesel" title="Elisha Wiesel">Shlomo Elisha Wiesel</a>, named after Wiesel's father.<a href="#cite_note-Virtual-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telushkin,_Joseph_pp.190-39">[38]</a> The family lived in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich,_Connecticut" title="Greenwich, Connecticut">Greenwich, Connecticut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> Wiesel was attacked in a San Francisco hotel by 22-year-old <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denier" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust denier">Holocaust denier</a> Eric Hunt in February 2007, but was not injured. Hunt was arrested the following month and charged with multiple offenses.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> In May 2011, Wiesel served as the <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> commencement speaker.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> In February 2012, a member of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> performed a <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_baptism" class="mw-redirect" title="Posthumous baptism">posthumous baptism</a> for <a href="/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal" title="Simon Wiesenthal">Simon Wiesenthal</a>'s parents without proper authorization.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> After his own name was submitted for proxy baptism, Wiesel spoke out against the unauthorized practice of posthumously baptizing Jews and asked presidential candidate and Latter-day Saint <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> to denounce it. Romney's campaign declined to comment, directing such questions to church officials.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_aftermath">Death and aftermath</h2></div> Wiesel died on the morning of July 2, 2016, at his home in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, aged 87. After a private funeral service was conducted in honor of him at the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue_Synagogue" title="Fifth Avenue Synagogue">Fifth Avenue Synagogue</a>, he was buried at the <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Gardens_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharon Gardens Cemetery">Sharon Gardens Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Valhalla,_New_York" title="Valhalla, New York">Valhalla, New York</a>, on July 3.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> Utah senator <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> paid tribute to Wiesel in a speech on the Senate floor the following week, in which he said that "With Elie's passing, we have lost a beacon of humanity and hope. We have lost a hero of human rights and a luminary of Holocaust literature."<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> In 2018, antisemitic graffiti was found on the house where Wiesel was born.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2></div> <ul><li>Prix de l'Université de la Langue Française (Prix Rivarol) for The Town Beyond the Wall, 1963.<a href="#cite_note-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts-106">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Jewish_Book_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="National Jewish Book Award">National Jewish Book Award</a> for The Town Beyond the Wall, 1965.<a href="#cite_note-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingram_Merrill_Foundation" title="Ingram Merrill Foundation">Ingram Merrill</a> award, 1964.<a href="#cite_note-ushmm.org-108">[107]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_M%C3%A9dicis" title="Prix Médicis">Prix Médicis</a> for A Beggar in Jerusalem, 1968.<a href="#cite_note-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts-106">[105]</a></li> <li>National Jewish Book Award for Souls on Fire: Portraits and Legends of Hasidic Masters, 1973.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a></li> <li>Jewish Heritage Award, Haifa University, 1975.<a href="#cite_note-ushmm.org-108">[107]</a></li> <li>Holocaust Memorial Award, New York Society of Clinical Psychologists, 1975.<a href="#cite_note-ushmm.org-108">[107]</a></li> <li>S.Y. Agnon Medal, 1980.<a href="#cite_note-ushmm.org-108">[107]</a></li> <li>Jabotinsky Medal, State of Israel, 1980.<a href="#cite_note-ushmm.org-108">[107]</a></li> <li>Prix Livre Inter, France, for The Testament, 1980.<a href="#cite_note-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts-106">[105]</a></li> <li>Grand Prize in Literature from the City of Paris for The Fifth Son, 1983.<a href="#cite_note-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts-106">[105]</a></li> <li>Commander in the <a href="/wiki/French_Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="French Legion of Honor">French Legion of Honor</a>, 1984.<a href="#cite_note-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts-106">[105]</a></li> <li>U.S. <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a>, 1984.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a></li> <li>Four Freedoms Award for the Freedom of Worship, 1985.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Liberty" title="Medal of Liberty">Medal of Liberty</a>, 1986.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a>, 1986.</li> <li>Grand Officer in the <a href="/wiki/French_Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="French Legion of Honor">French Legion of Honor</a>, 1990.<a href="#cite_note-dss-88">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>, 1992</li> <li>Niebuhr Medal, <a href="/wiki/Elmhurst_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Elmhurst College">Elmhurst College</a>, Illinois, 1995.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a></li> <li>Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>, 1996, presented by Awards Council member <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a> at the academy's 35th annual Summit in Sun Valley, Idaho.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a></li> <li>Grand Cross in the <a href="/wiki/French_Legion_of_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="French Legion of Honor">French Legion of Honor</a>, 2000.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Order of the Star of Romania">Order of the Star of Romania</a>, 2002.<a href="#cite_note-ushmm.org-108">[107]</a></li> <li>Man of the Year award, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Museum_of_Art" title="Tel Aviv Museum of Art">Tel Aviv Museum of Art</a>, 2005.<a href="#cite_note-ushmm.org-108">[107]</a></li> <li>Light of Truth award, <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_for_Tibet" title="International Campaign for Tibet">International Campaign for Tibet</a>, 2005.<a href="#cite_note-ushmm.org-108">[107]</a></li> <li>Honorary <a href="/wiki/British_honours_system#Knighthood" class="mw-redirect" title="British honours system">Knighthood</a>, United Kingdom, 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Cohen-65">[64]</a></li> <li>Honorary Visiting professor of humanities, <a href="/wiki/Rochester_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Rochester College">Rochester College</a>, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Humanities_Medal" title="National Humanities Medal">National Humanities Medal</a>, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer_Prize" title="Norman Mailer Prize">Norman Mailer Prize</a>, Lifetime Achievement, 2011.</li> <li>Loebenberg Humanitarian Award, <a href="/wiki/Florida_Holocaust_Museum" title="Florida Holocaust Museum">Florida Holocaust Museum</a>, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a></li> <li>Kenyon Review Award for Literary Achievement, 2012<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a></li> <li>Nadav Award, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a></li> <li>S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given out annually by <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service" title="Jefferson Awards for Public Service">Jefferson Awards</a>, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a></li> <li>John Jay Medal for Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Jay_College" class="mw-redirect" title="John Jay College">John Jay College</a>, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a></li> <li>Bust of Wiesel was carved on the Human Rights Porch of the <a href="/wiki/Washington_National_Cathedral" title="Washington National Cathedral">Washington National Cathedral</a> in Washington, D.C., 2021.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h3></div> Wiesel had received more than 90 honorary degrees from colleges worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> <ul><li>Doctor of Humane Letters, <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_University" title="Lehigh University">Lehigh University</a>, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1985.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a></li> <li>Doctor of Humane Letters, <a href="/wiki/DePaul_University" title="DePaul University">DePaul University</a>, Chicago, Illinois, 1997.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a></li> <li>Doctorate, <a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_University" title="Seton Hall University">Seton Hall University</a>, New Jersey, 1998.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a></li> <li>Doctor of Humanities, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a>, 1999.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a></li> <li>Doctorate, <a href="/wiki/McDaniel_College" title="McDaniel College">McDaniel College</a>, Westminster, Maryland, 2005.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a></li> <li>Doctor of Humane Letters, <a href="/wiki/Chapman_University" title="Chapman University">Chapman University</a>, 2005.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a></li> <li>Doctor of Humane Letters, <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>, 2006.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a></li> <li>Doctor of Humane Letters, <a href="/wiki/Cabrini_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabrini College">Cabrini College</a>, Radnor, Pennsylvania, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a></li> <li>Doctor of Humane Letters, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a>, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a></li> <li>Doctor of Humanities, <a href="/wiki/Oakland_University" title="Oakland University">Oakland University</a>, Rochester, Michigan, 2007.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a></li> <li>Doctor of Letters, <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a>, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a></li> <li>Doctorate, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a></li> <li>Doctorate, <a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Weizmann Institute">Weizmann Institute</a>, Rehovot, Israel, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a></li> <li>Doctor of Humane Letters, <a href="/wiki/Bucknell_University" title="Bucknell University">Bucknell University</a>, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a></li> <li>Doctor of Letters, <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_University" title="Lehigh University">Lehigh University</a>, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 2010.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a></li> <li>Doctor of Humane Letters, <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a>, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a></li> <li>Doctor of Humane Letters, <a href="/wiki/College_of_Charleston" title="College of Charleston">College of Charleston</a>, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a></li> <li>Doctorate, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warsaw" title="University of Warsaw">University of Warsaw</a>, June 25, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a></li> <li>Doctorate, <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of British Columbia">The University of British Columbia</a>, September 10, 2012.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a></li> <li>Doctorate, <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_University_of_John_Paul_II" title="Pontifical University of John Paul II">Pontifical University of John Paul II</a>, June 30, 2015<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a></li> <li>Doctorate of Humane Letters, <a href="/wiki/Fairfield_University" title="Fairfield University">Fairfield University</a>, May 22, 1983<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elie_Wiesel&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (November 2011)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Boys_of_Buchenwald" title="The Boys of Buchenwald">The Boys of Buchenwald</a> – documentary about the orphanage in which he stayed after the Holocaust</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Antisemitism" title="Canadian Institute for the Study of Antisemitism">Canadian Institute for the Study of Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel_bibliography" title="Elie Wiesel bibliography">Elie Wiesel bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel_National_Institute_for_Studying_the_Holocaust_in_Romania" title="Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania">Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Prize" title="Genesis Prize">Genesis Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_on_Trial" title="God on Trial">God on Trial</a> – a 2008 joint BBC / WGBH Boston dramatization of his book The Trial of God</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust research">Holocaust research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_rights_leaders" title="List of civil rights leaders">List of civil rights leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_investors_in_Bernard_L._Madoff_Securities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of investors in Bernard L. Madoff Securities">List of investors in Bernard L. Madoff Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Jewish Nobel laureates">List of Jewish Nobel laureates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> Informational notes <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> In 1940, after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vienna_Award" title="Second Vienna Award">Second Vienna Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Transylvania" title="Northern Transylvania">Northern Transylvania</a>, including the town of Sighet (Máramarossziget) was returned to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%9346)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)">Hungary</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> Citations <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/elie-wiesel-timeline-and-world-events-1928-1951">"Elie Wiesel Timeline and World Events: 1928–1951"</a>. encyclopedia.ushmm.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310115157/https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/elie-wiesel-timeline-and-world-events-1928-1951">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.ushmm.org&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+Timeline+and+World+Events%3A+1928%E2%80%931951&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.ushmm.org%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Farticle%2Felie-wiesel-timeline-and-world-events-1928-1951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/elie-wiesel-timeline-and-world-events-from-1952">"Elie Wiesel Timeline and World Events: From 1952"</a>. encyclopedia.ushmm.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310115156/https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/elie-wiesel-timeline-and-world-events-from-1952">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.ushmm.org&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+Timeline+and+World+Events%3A+From+1952&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.ushmm.org%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Farticle%2Felie-wiesel-timeline-and-world-events-from-1952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teachingbooks.net/pronounce.cgi?aid=76">"Audio Name Pronunciation | Elie Wiesel"</a>. TeachingBooks.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220812114021/https://www.teachingbooks.net/pronounce.cgi?aid=76">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TeachingBooks.net&rft.atitle=Audio+Name+Pronunciation+%7C+Elie+Wiesel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teachingbooks.net%2Fpronounce.cgi%3Faid%3D76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/standards-guidelines/uvwx/">"NLS Other Writings: Say How, U-X"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_Service_for_the_Blind_and_Physically_Handicapped" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped">National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped</a> (NLS). <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191030141405/http://www.loc.gov/nls/about/organization/standards-guidelines/uvwx/">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved December 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Library+Service+for+the+Blind+and+Physically+Handicapped+%28NLS%29&rft.atitle=NLS+Other+Writings%3A+Say+How%2C+U-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fnls%2Fabout%2Forganization%2Fstandards-guidelines%2Fuvwx%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/elie-wiesel">"Wiesel, Elie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Longman_Dictionary_of_Contemporary_English" title="Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English">Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221116174444/https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/elie-wiesel">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2022. Retrieved November 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Longman+Dictionary+of+Contemporary+English&rft.atitle=Wiesel%2C+Elie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ldoceonline.com%2Fdictionary%2Felie-wiesel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP-6"><a href="#cite_ref-AP_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.today.com/popculture/winfrey-selects-wiesel-s-night-book-club-wbna10879079">"Winfrey selects Wiesel's 'Night' for book club"</a>. Associated Press. January 16, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220614112833/https://www.today.com/popculture/winfrey-selects-wiesel-s-night-book-club-wbna10879079">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2022. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Winfrey+selects+Wiesel%27s+%27Night%27+for+book+club&rft.date=2006-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Fpopculture%2Fwinfrey-selects-wiesel-s-night-book-club-wbna10879079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2016-07-03/elie-wiesel-was-a-witness-to-evil-and-a-symbol-of-endurance">"Elie Wiesel was a witness to evil and a symbol of endurance"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118042109/http://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2016-07-03/elie-wiesel-was-a-witness-to-evil-and-a-symbol-of-endurance">Archived</a> January 18, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, US News & World Report, July 3, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishstandard.timesofisrael.com/remebering-elie-wiesel/">"Remembering Elie Wiesel"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160709185836/http://jewishstandard.timesofisrael.com/remebering-elie-wiesel/">Archived</a> July 9, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Jewish Standard, July 7, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016190029/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1986/press.html">"The Nobel Peace Prize for 1986: Elie Wiesel"</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Foundation" title="Nobel Foundation">Nobel Foundation</a>. October 14, 1986. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1986/press-release/">the original</a> on October 16, 2007. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Peace+Prize+for+1986%3A+Elie+Wiesel&rft.pub=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft.date=1986-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fpeace%2F1986%2Fpress-release%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PBS-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PBS_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PBS_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PBS_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorinne_Segal2016" class="citation web cs1">Corinne Segal (July 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/elie-wiesel-holocaust-survivor-and-nobel-peace-prize-winner-dies-at-87">"Elie Wiesel, Holocaust survivor and Nobel Peace Prize winner, dies at 87"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230626/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/elie-wiesel-holocaust-survivor-and-nobel-peace-prize-winner-dies-at-87">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel%2C+Holocaust+survivor+and+Nobel+Peace+Prize+winner%2C+dies+at+87&rft.date=2016-07-02&rft.au=Corinne+Segal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fworld%2Felie-wiesel-holocaust-survivor-and-nobel-peace-prize-winner-dies-at-87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrie_Kahn2016" class="citation web cs1">Carrie Kahn (July 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/02/166184644/elie-wiesel-holocaust-survivor-and-nobel-laureate-dies-at-87">"Elie Wiesel, Holocaust Survivor And Nobel Laureate, Dies At 87"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Npr" class="mw-redirect" title="Npr">npr</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405033745/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/02/166184644/elie-wiesel-holocaust-survivor-and-nobel-laureate-dies-at-87">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=npr&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel%2C+Holocaust+Survivor+And+Nobel+Laureate%2C+Dies+At+87&rft.date=2016-07-02&rft.au=Carrie+Kahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2016%2F07%2F02%2F166184644%2Felie-wiesel-holocaust-survivor-and-nobel-laureate-dies-at-87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140725001907/http://humanrightsfoundation.org/about/board-and-international-council/elie-wiesel">"Elie Wiesl"</a>. Human Rights Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanrightsfoundation.org/about/board-and-international-council/elie-wiesel">the original</a> on July 25, 2014. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Foundation&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanrightsfoundation.org%2Fabout%2Fboard-and-international-council%2Felie-wiesel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625133259/http://laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=2414947&CategoryId=10717">"Human Rights Foundation Lauds OAS Discussion on Venezuela"</a>. Latin American Herald Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=2414947&CategoryId=10717">the original</a> on June 25, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Latin+American+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Human+Rights+Foundation+Lauds+OAS+Discussion+on+Venezuela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laht.com%2Farticle.asp%3FArticleId%3D2414947%26CategoryId%3D10717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kirjasto.sci.fi-14"><a href="#cite_ref-kirjasto.sci.fi_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiukkonen" class="citation web cs1">Liukkonen, Petri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100107170206/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/wiesel.htm">"Elie Wiesel"</a>. Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Finland: <a href="/wiki/Kuusankoski" title="Kuusankoski">Kuusankoski</a> Public Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/wiesel.htm">the original</a> on January 7, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Books+and+Writers+%28kirjasto.sci.fi%29&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel&rft.aulast=Liukkonen&rft.aufirst=Petri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirjasto.sci.fi%2Fwiesel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/eliewiesel/life/">"The Life and Work of Wiesel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">Public Broadcasting Service</a>. 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225014415/https://www.pbs.org/eliewiesel/life/%20">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Work+of+Wiesel&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+Service&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Feliewiesel%2Flife%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/achiever/elie-wiesel/#interview">"Elie Wiesel Biography and Interview"</a>. achievement.org. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101005074258/http://achievement.org/autodoc/page/wie0bio-1#interview">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=achievement.org&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+Biography+and+Interview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Fachiever%2Felie-wiesel%2F%23interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Fine 1982:4. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Wiesel, Elie, and Elie Wiesel Catherine Temerson (Translator). "Rashi (Jewish Encounters)". <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805242546" title="Special:BookSources/9780805242546">9780805242546</a>. Schocken, January 1, 1970. Web. October 27, 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/photo/former-prisoners-of-the-little-camp-in-buchenwald">"Elie Wiesel — Photograph"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221115152158/https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/photo/former-prisoners-of-the-little-camp-in-buchenwald">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elie+Wiesel+%E2%80%94+Photograph&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.ushmm.org%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Fphoto%2Fformer-prisoners-of-the-little-camp-in-buchenwald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huffington-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Huffington_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huffington_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huffington_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huffington_21-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huffington_21-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huffington_21-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/elie-wiesel-dead_n_57781653e4b0a629c1aa51bb">"Holocaust Survivor And Nobel Laureate Elie Wiesel Dies"</a>. HuffPost. July 2, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020031541/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/elie-wiesel-dead_us_57781653e4b0a629c1aa51bb">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved August 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Holocaust+Survivor+And+Nobel+Laureate+Elie+Wiesel+Dies&rft.date=2016-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Felie-wiesel-dead_n_57781653e4b0a629c1aa51bb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oprah.com/world/Inside-Auschwitz/5">"Inside Auschwitz"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160821173547/http://www.oprah.com/world/Inside-Auschwitz/5">Archived</a> August 21, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Oprah Winfrey broadcast visit, January 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025095029/http://aazae.com/night-by-elie-wiesel/">"Night by Elie Wiesel"</a>. Aazae. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aazae.com/night-by-elie-wiesel/">the original</a> on October 25, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aazae&rft.atitle=Night+by+Elie+Wiesel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faazae.com%2Fnight-by-elie-wiesel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonadio2008" class="citation news cs1">Donadio, Rachel (January 20, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/20/books/review/Donadio-t.html">"The Story of 'Night'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225014415/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/20/books/review/Donadio-t.html%20">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+%27Night%27&rft.date=2008-01-20&rft.aulast=Donadio&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F01%2F20%2Fbooks%2Freview%2FDonadio-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelpeacelaureates.org/pdf/elem_EliezerWiesel.pdf">"Eliezer Wiesel, 1986: Not caring is the worst evil"</a> (PDF). Nobel Peace Laureates. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727125147/http://www.nobelpeacelaureates.org/pdf/elem_EliezerWiesel.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eliezer+Wiesel%2C+1986%3A+Not+caring+is+the+worst+evil&rft.pub=Nobel+Peace+Laureates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelpeacelaureates.org%2Fpdf%2Felem_EliezerWiesel.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanfer2001" class="citation magazine cs1">Kanfer, Stefan (June 24, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129004140/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,141324,00.html">"Author, Teacher, Witness"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,141324,00.html">the original</a> on November 29, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Author%2C+Teacher%2C+Witness&rft.date=2001-06-24&rft.aulast=Kanfer&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C141324%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> See the film Elie Wiesel Goes Home, directed by Judit Elek, narrated by William Hurt. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-930545-63-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-930545-63-0">1-930545-63-0</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiven2007" class="citation book cs1">Niven, William John (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PJ4ANr2oLpwC&pg=PA49">The Buchenwald Child: Truth, Fiction, and Propaganda</a>. Harvard University Press. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1571133397" title="Special:BookSources/978-1571133397"><bdi>978-1571133397</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Buchenwald+Child%3A+Truth%2C+Fiction%2C+and+Propaganda&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1571133397&rft.aulast=Niven&rft.aufirst=William+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPJ4ANr2oLpwC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ami-29"><a href="#cite_ref-ami_29-0">^</a> Schmidt, Shira, and Mantaka, Bracha. "A Prince in a Castle". <a href="/wiki/Ami_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ami (magazine)">Ami</a>, September 21, 2014, pp. 136-143. </li> <li id="cite_note-Snodgrass-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Snodgrass_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snodgrass_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snodgrass_30-2">c</a> Snodgrass, Mary Ellen. Beating the Odds: A Teen Guide to 75 Superstars Who Overcame Adversity, ABC CLIO (2008) pp. 154–156 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternlicht2003" class="citation book cs1">Sternlicht, Sanford V. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bf-NNeya2IcC">Student Companion to Elie Wiesel</a>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32530-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32530-8"><bdi>0-313-32530-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Student+Companion+to+Elie+Wiesel&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-313-32530-8&rft.aulast=Sternlicht&rft.aufirst=Sanford+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBf-NNeya2IcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWieselFranciosi2002" class="citation book cs1">Wiesel, Elie; Franciosi, Robert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ym8KcrzUZKYC&pg=PA81">Elie Wiesel: Conversations</a>. University Press of Mississippi. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578065035" title="Special:BookSources/9781578065035"><bdi>9781578065035</bdi></a>. <q>Interviewer: Why after the war did you not go on to Palestine from France? Wiesel: I had no certificate. In 1946 when the Irgun blew up the King David Hotel, I decided I would like to join the underground. Very naively I went to the Jewish Agency in Paris. I got no further than the janitor who asked: "What do you want?" I said, "I would like to join the underground." He threw me out. About 1948 I was a journalist and helped one of the Yiddish underground papers with articles, but I was never a member of the underground.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elie+Wiesel%3A+Conversations&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781578065035&rft.aulast=Wiesel&rft.aufirst=Elie&rft.au=Franciosi%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYm8KcrzUZKYC%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Virtual-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Virtual_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Virtual_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Virtual_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Virtual_33-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Virtual_33-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Virtual_33-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Virtual_33-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Wiesel.html">"Elie Wiesel"</a>. JewishVirtualLibrary.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227173536/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Wiesel.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JewishVirtualLibrary.org&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fbiography%2FWiesel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Fine, Ellen S. Legacy of Night: The Literary Universe of Elie Wiesel, State Univ. of New York Press (1982) p. 28 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Wiesel, Elie. Night, Hill and Wang (2006) p. ix </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaomi_Seidman1996" class="citation journal cs1">Naomi Seidman (Fall 1996). "Elie Wiesel and the Scandal of Jewish Rage". Jewish Social Studies. 3 (1): 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Social+Studies&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+and+the+Scandal+of+Jewish+Rage&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Naomi+Seidman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Grabois2008" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Grabois (February 25, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080430161253/http://www.beneaththecover.com/2008/02/25/elie-wiesel-and-the-holocaust/">"Elie Wiesel and the Holocaust"</a>. Beneath The Cover. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beneaththecover.com/2008/02/25/elie-wiesel-and-the-holocaust/">the original</a> on April 30, 2008. Retrieved August 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beneath+The+Cover&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+and+the+Holocaust&rft.date=2008-02-25&rft.au=Andrew+Grabois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beneaththecover.com%2F2008%2F02%2F25%2Felie-wiesel-and-the-holocaust%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRavitz2006" class="citation web cs1">Ravitz, Jessica (May 27, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103133816/http://www.sltrib.com/faith/ci_3864884">"Utah Local News – Salt Lake City News, Sports, Archive"</a>. The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sltrib.com/faith/ci_3864884">the original</a> on November 3, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Salt+Lake+Tribune&rft.atitle=Utah+Local+News+%E2%80%93+Salt+Lake+City+News%2C+Sports%2C+Archive&rft.date=2006-05-27&rft.aulast=Ravitz&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sltrib.com%2Ffaith%2Fci_3864884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telushkin,_Joseph_pp.190-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telushkin,_Joseph_pp.190_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telushkin,_Joseph_pp.190_39-1">b</a> Telushkin, Joseph. "Rebbe", pp. 190–191. HarperCollins, 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Wiesel:1999, 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiesel2000" class="citation book cs1">Wiesel, Elie (2000). And the Sea Is Never Full: Memoirs, 1969–. Random House Digital, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8052-1029-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8052-1029-3"><bdi>978-0-8052-1029-3</bdi></a>. <q>Some of the questions: God? 'I'm an agnostic.' A strange agnostic, fascinated by mysticism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=And+the+Sea+Is+Never+Full%3A+Memoirs%2C+1969%E2%80%93&rft.pub=Random+House+Digital%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8052-1029-3&rft.aulast=Wiesel&rft.aufirst=Elie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BN-42"><a href="#cite_ref-BN_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/painted-bird-jerzy-n-kosinski/1101317543?ean=9780802195753">"The Painted Bird [NOOK Book]"</a>. Barnes and Noble. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706144148/https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/painted-bird-jerzy-n-kosinski/1101317543?ean=9780802195753">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved September 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Barnes+and+Noble&rft.atitle=The+Painted+Bird+%5BNOOK+Book%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barnesandnoble.com%2Fw%2Fpainted-bird-jerzy-n-kosinski%2F1101317543%3Fean%3D9780802195753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NF-43"><a href="#cite_ref-NF_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelstein2023" class="citation book cs1">Finkelstein, Norman G. (December 5, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VrqK5VdO2i0C&pg=PA56">The Holocaust Industry</a>. Verso. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781859844885" title="Special:BookSources/9781859844885"><bdi>9781859844885</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holocaust+Industry&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2023-12-05&rft.isbn=9781859844885&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Norman+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVrqK5VdO2i0C%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/01/02/reviews/000102.02carrolt.html">And the Sea Is Never Full</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118154800/http://www.nytimes.com/books/00/01/02/reviews/000102.02carrolt.html">Archived</a> January 18, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The New York Times book review, January 2, 2000 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> video: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/182905116">2016 Presidential Tribute to Elie Wiesel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920013229/https://vimeo.com/182905116">Archived</a> September 20, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 6 minutes </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609210417/https://www.ushmm.org/educators/lesson-plans/holocaust-unit/resources/handout-1">"President Clinton's and Elie Wiesel's Remarks on Bosnia Troops"</a>. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. December 13, 1995. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ushmm.org/educators/lesson-plans/holocaust-unit/resources/handout-1">the original</a> on June 9, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft.atitle=President+Clinton%27s+and+Elie+Wiesel%27s+Remarks+on+Bosnia+Troops&rft.date=1995-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Feducators%2Flesson-plans%2Fholocaust-unit%2Fresources%2Fhandout-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLerman2006" class="citation web cs1">Lerman, Miles (October 17, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113212914/https://amgathering.org/2006/10/1858/in-memorium-sigmund-strochlitz/">"In Memorium: Sigmund Strochlitz"</a>. Together. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amgathering.org/2006/10/1858/in-memorium-sigmund-strochlitz/">the original</a> on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Together&rft.atitle=In+Memorium%3A+Sigmund+Strochlitz&rft.date=2006-10-17&rft.aulast=Lerman&rft.aufirst=Miles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famgathering.org%2F2006%2F10%2F1858%2Fin-memorium-sigmund-strochlitz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ushmm.org/information/about-the-museum/the-elie-wiesel-award">"The Elie Wiesel Award — United States Holocaust Memorial Museum"</a>. ushmm.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308055111/https://www.ushmm.org/information/about-the-museum/the-elie-wiesel-award">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ushmm.org&rft.atitle=The+Elie+Wiesel+Award+%E2%80%94+United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Finformation%2Fabout-the-museum%2Fthe-elie-wiesel-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2016" class="citation news cs1">Berger, Joseph (July 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/03/world/europe/elie-wiesel-auschwitz-survivor-and-nobel-peace-prize-winner-dies-at-87.html">"Elie Wiesel, Auschwitz Survivor and Nobel Peace Prize Winner, Dies at 87"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/03/world/europe/elie-wiesel-auschwitz-survivor-and-nobel-peace-prize-winner-dies-at-87.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2022. Retrieved July 2, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel%2C+Auschwitz+Survivor+and+Nobel+Peace+Prize+Winner%2C+Dies+at+87&rft.date=2016-07-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F07%2F03%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Felie-wiesel-auschwitz-survivor-and-nobel-peace-prize-winner-dies-at-87.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrom2009" class="citation news cs1">Strom, Stephanie (February 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/27/business/27madoff.html">"Out Millions, Elie Wiesel Vents About Madoff"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170310191131/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/27/business/27madoff.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Out+Millions%2C+Elie+Wiesel+Vents+About+Madoff&rft.date=2009-02-26&rft.aulast=Strom&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F02%2F27%2Fbusiness%2F27madoff.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Ofer Aderet (May 2, 2021) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-how-israel-quashed-efforts-to-acknowledge-the-armenian-genocide-1.9766390">"How Israel Quashed Efforts to Acknowledge the Armenian Genocide"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502212642/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.MAGAZINE-how-israel-quashed-efforts-to-acknowledge-the-armenian-genocide-1.9766390">Archived</a> May 2, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiesel2001" class="citation news cs1">Wiesel, Elie (January 24, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/24/opinion/jerusalem-in-my-heart.html">"Jerusalem in My Heart"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206181838/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/24/opinion/jerusalem-in-my-heart.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jerusalem+in+My+Heart&rft.date=2001-01-24&rft.aulast=Wiesel&rft.aufirst=Elie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F01%2F24%2Fopinion%2Fjerusalem-in-my-heart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/04/elie-wiesels-moral-imagination-never-reached-palestine/">"Elie Wiesel's Moral Imagination Never Reached Palestine"</a>. July 4, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206181840/https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/04/elie-wiesels-moral-imagination-never-reached-palestine/">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elie+Wiesel%27s+Moral+Imagination+Never+Reached+Palestine&rft.date=2016-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2016%2F07%2F04%2Felie-wiesels-moral-imagination-never-reached-palestine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190205164126/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1986/wiesel/26054-elie-wiesel-acceptance-speech-1986/">"Elie Wiesel – Acceptance Speech"</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Foundation" title="Nobel Foundation">Nobel Foundation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1986/wiesel/26054-elie-wiesel-acceptance-speech-1986/">the original</a> on February 5, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elie+Wiesel+%E2%80%93+Acceptance+Speech&rft.pub=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fpeace%2F1986%2Fwiesel%2F26054-elie-wiesel-acceptance-speech-1986%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wharton-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Wharton_55-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whartondc.com/article.html?aid=1309">"Elie Weisel {sic}: Nobel Laureate, Author, Professor"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814231659/http://www.whartondc.com/article.html?aid=1309">Archived</a> August 14, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Wharton Club of DC </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624004136/http://www.artsandletters.org/academicians2_current.php">"American Academy of Arts and Letters - Current Members"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artsandletters.org/academicians2_current.php">the original</a> on June 24, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Letters+-+Current+Members&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artsandletters.org%2Facademicians2_current.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.momentmag.com/about/">"About – Moment Magazine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Moment_(magazine)" title="Moment (magazine)">Moment</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605122349/http://www.momentmag.com/about/">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moment&rft.atitle=About+%E2%80%93+Moment+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.momentmag.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngo-monitor.org/article.php?viewall=yes&id=2029">"International Advisory Board Profiles: Elie Wiesel"</a>. NGO Monitor. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807093434/http://www.ngo-monitor.org/article.php?viewall=yes&id=2029">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Advisory+Board+Profiles%3A+Elie+Wiesel&rft.pub=NGO+Monitor&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngo-monitor.org%2Farticle.php%3Fviewall%3Dyes%26id%3D2029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKieval2010" class="citation web cs1">Kieval, Daniel (November 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://momentmag.com/is-society-the-angel-of-death-elie-wiesels-take/">"Is Society the Angel of Death? Elie Wiesel's Take"</a>. Moment Magazine. Retrieved December 16, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moment+Magazine&rft.atitle=Is+Society+the+Angel+of+Death%3F+Elie+Wiesel%27s+Take&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft.aulast=Kieval&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmomentmag.com%2Fis-society-the-angel-of-death-elie-wiesels-take%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommons_Librarian2024" class="citation web cs1">Commons Librarian (July 8, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonslibrary.org/watch-inspiring-activist-and-protest-speeches/">"Watch Inspiring Activist and Protest Speeches : Elie Wiesel, The Perils of Indifference, 1999 [Holocaust survivor]"</a>. The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved August 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Commons+Social+Change+Library&rft.atitle=Watch+Inspiring+Activist+and+Protest+Speeches+%3A+Elie+Wiesel%2C+The+Perils+of+Indifference%2C+1999+%5BHolocaust+survivor%5D&rft.date=2024-07-08&rft.au=Commons+Librarian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonslibrary.org%2Fwatch-inspiring-activist-and-protest-speeches%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEidenmuller" class="citation web cs1">Eidenmuller, Michael E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ewieselperilsofindifference.html">"American Rhetoric: Elie Wiesel - The Perils of Indifference"</a>. americanrhetoric.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034852/http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ewieselperilsofindifference.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=americanrhetoric.com&rft.atitle=American+Rhetoric%3A+Elie+Wiesel+-+The+Perils+of+Indifference&rft.aulast=Eidenmuller&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanrhetoric.com%2Fspeeches%2Fewieselperilsofindifference.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/hundreds-pay-tribute-elie-wiesels-native-romania-173059615.html">"Hundreds pay tribute in Elie Wiesel's native Romania"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204123150/https://www.yahoo.com/news/hundreds-pay-tribute-elie-wiesels-native-romania-173059615.html">Archived</a> December 4, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Agence France-Presse, July 7, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180418032000/http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/education/educational_materials/adl/lesson5_speech.asp">"Echoes & Reflections: Speech by Elie Wiesel - Education & E-Learning - Yad Vashem"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/education/educational_materials/adl/lesson5_speech.asp">the original</a> on April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Echoes+%26+Reflections%3A+Speech+by+Elie+Wiesel+-+Education+%26+E-Learning+-+Yad+Vashem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yadvashem.org%2Fyv%2Fen%2Feducation%2Feducational_materials%2Fadl%2Flesson5_speech.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oprah.com/oprahsbookclub/Oprah-and-Elie-Wiesel-Travel-to-Auschwitz">"Oprah and Elie Wiesel Travel to Auschwitz"</a>. oprah.com. January 1, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307215711/http://www.oprah.com/oprahsbookclub/Oprah-and-Elie-Wiesel-Travel-to-Auschwitz">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oprah+and+Elie+Wiesel+Travel+to+Auschwitz&rft.pub=oprah.com&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oprah.com%2Foprahsbookclub%2FOprah-and-Elie-Wiesel-Travel-to-Auschwitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2006" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Justin (November 30, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606065918/http://www.totallyjewish.com/news/national/?content_id=4994">"Wiesel Receives Honorary Knighthood"</a>. TotallyJewish.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.totallyjewish.com/news/national/?content_id=4994">the original</a> on June 6, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wiesel+Receives+Honorary+Knighthood&rft.pub=TotallyJewish.com&rft.date=2006-11-30&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.totallyjewish.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F%3Fcontent_id%3D4994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP2-66"><a href="#cite_ref-AP2_66-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/c4e0c64c09434f30bb41e114a66f7f9e/reaction-death-holocaust-survivor-author-elie-wiesel">"Reaction to death of Holocaust survivor, author Elie Wiesel"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216191629/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/c4e0c64c09434f30bb41e114a66f7f9e/reaction-death-holocaust-survivor-author-elie-wiesel">Archived</a> February 16, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Associated Press, July 2, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAllister2007" class="citation web cs1">McAllister, Kristin (October 15, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daytondailynews.com/n/content/oh/story/news/local/2007/10/14/ddn101507peace.html">"Dayton awards 2007 peace prizes"</a>. Dayton Daily News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622064440/http://www.daytondailynews.com/n/content/oh/story/news/local/2007/10/14/ddn101507peace.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dayton+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Dayton+awards+2007+peace+prizes&rft.date=2007-10-15&rft.aulast=McAllister&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daytondailynews.com%2Fn%2Fcontent%2Foh%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2007%2F10%2F14%2Fddn101507peace.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolthouse2008" class="citation web cs1">Holthouse, David (Summer 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100120144925/http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=935">"State of Denial: Turkey Spends Millions to Cover Up Armenian Genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=935">the original</a> on January 20, 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+of+Denial%3A+Turkey+Spends+Millions+to+Cover+Up+Armenian+Genocide&rft.pub=Southern+Poverty+Law+Center&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Holthouse&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.splcenter.org%2Fintel%2Fintelreport%2Farticle.jsp%3Faid%3D935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullella2009" class="citation news cs1">Pullella, Philip (January 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090312093309/http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-37701220090128">"Elie Wiesel attacks pope over Holocaust bishop"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-37701220090128">the original</a> on March 12, 2009. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+attacks+pope+over+Holocaust+bishop&rft.date=2009-01-28&rft.aulast=Pullella&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FworldNews%2FidINIndia-37701220090128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/06/05/obama.germany/index.html">"Visiting Buchenwald, Obama speaks of the lessons of evil"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. June 5, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722094016/http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/06/05/obama.germany/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Visiting+Buchenwald%2C+Obama+speaks+of+the+lessons+of+evil&rft.date=2009-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2009%2FPOLITICS%2F06%2F05%2Fobama.germany%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E05EFDC113AF936A35754C0A9609D8B63">"Paid Notice: Deaths Wiesel, Elie"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231205013624/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9E05EFDC113AF936A35754C0A9609D8B63.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Paid+Notice%3A+Deaths+Wiesel%2C+Elie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9E05EFDC113AF936A35754C0A9609D8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSahagun2011" class="citation web cs1">Sahagun, Louis (April 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2011-apr-02-la-me-beliefs-wiesel-20110402-story.html">"Wiesel offers students first-hand account of Holocaust"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180225/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/02/local/la-me-beliefs-wiesel-20110402">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Wiesel+offers+students+first-hand+account+of+Holocaust&rft.date=2011-04-02&rft.aulast=Sahagun&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fla-xpm-2011-apr-02-la-me-beliefs-wiesel-20110402-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090704192819/http://www.eliewieselfoundation.org/inthenews.aspx">"The Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity"</a>. eliewieselfoundation.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eliewieselfoundation.org/inthenews.aspx">the original</a> on July 4, 2009. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eliewieselfoundation.org&rft.atitle=The+Elie+Wiesel+Foundation+for+Humanity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eliewieselfoundation.org%2Finthenews.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=2385">"Sri Lanka's victimization of Tamil people must stop - Elie Wiesel"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090724204019/http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=2385">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2009. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Lanka%27s+victimization+of+Tamil+people+must+stop+-+Elie+Wiesel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tamilguardian.com%2Farticle.asp%3Farticleid%3D2385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=2385">"Sri Lanka's victimization of Tamil people must stop - Elie Wiesel"</a>. tamilguardian.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090724204019/http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=2385">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2009. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tamilguardian.com&rft.atitle=Sri+Lanka%27s+victimization+of+Tamil+people+must+stop+-+Elie+Wiesel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tamilguardian.com%2Farticle.asp%3Farticleid%3D2385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuatra.Net_Kft.2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Quatra.Net Kft. (November 10, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721112828/http://stop.hu/articles/article.php?id=564533">"Elie Wiesel Magyarországon"</a> (in Hungarian). Stop.hu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stop.hu/articles/article.php?id=564533">the original</a> on July 21, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elie+Wiesel+Magyarorsz%C3%A1gon&rft.pub=Stop.hu&rft.date=2009-11-10&rft.au=Quatra.Net+Kft.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstop.hu%2Farticles%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D564533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hetek.hu/kulfold/200911/magyarorszagra_jon_elie_wiesel">"Magyarországra jön Elie Wiesel"</a> (in Hungarian). Hetek.hu. November 13, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091126195342/http://www.hetek.hu/kulfold/200911/magyarorszagra_jon_elie_wiesel">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2009. Retrieved September 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Magyarorsz%C3%A1gra+j%C3%B6n+Elie+Wiesel&rft.pub=Hetek.hu&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hetek.hu%2Fkulfold%2F200911%2Fmagyarorszagra_jon_elie_wiesel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishNews/Article.aspx?id=274446">Wiesel raps Hungary's Nazi past 'whitewash'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011102051/http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishNews/Article.aspx?id=274446">Archived</a> October 11, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Jerusalem Post. June 19, 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/12/18/elie-wiesel-says-iran-must-not-be-allowed-to-remain-nuclear-in-full-page-ads-in-nyt-wsj/">"Elie Wiesel Says 'Iran Must Not Be Allowed to Remain Nuclear' in Full-Page Ads in NYT, WSJ"</a>. Algemeiner Journal. December 18, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150919170348/http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/12/18/elie-wiesel-says-iran-must-not-be-allowed-to-remain-nuclear-in-full-page-ads-in-nyt-wsj/">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Algemeiner+Journal&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+Says+%27Iran+Must+Not+Be+Allowed+to+Remain+Nuclear%27+in+Full-Page+Ads+in+NYT%2C+WSJ&rft.date=2013-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.algemeiner.com%2F2013%2F12%2F18%2Felie-wiesel-says-iran-must-not-be-allowed-to-remain-nuclear-in-full-page-ads-in-nyt-wsj%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlmasyLevs2014" class="citation news cs1">Almasy, Steve; Levs, Josh (August 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/03/world/meast/elie-wiesel-hamas-ad/">"Nobel laureate Wiesel: Hamas must stop using children as human shields"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140813055528/http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/03/world/meast/elie-wiesel-hamas-ad/">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nobel+laureate+Wiesel%3A+Hamas+must+stop+using+children+as+human+shields&rft.date=2014-08-03&rft.aulast=Almasy&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Levs%2C+Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F08%2F03%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Felie-wiesel-hamas-ad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/world/1.609096">"London Times refuses to run Elie Wiesel ad denouncing Hamas' human shields"</a>. Haaretz. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. August 6, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140813195428/http://www.haaretz.com/news/world/1.609096">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=London+Times+refuses+to+run+Elie+Wiesel+ad+denouncing+Hamas%27+human+shields&rft.date=2014-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F1.609096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenslade2014" class="citation news cs1">Greenslade, Roy (August 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2014/aug/08/hamas-thetimes">"The Times refuses to carry ad accusing Hamas of 'child sacrifice'"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812183434/http://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2014/aug/08/hamas-thetimes">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Times+refuses+to+carry+ad+accusing+Hamas+of+%27child+sacrifice%27&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft.aulast=Greenslade&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2Fgreenslade%2F2014%2Faug%2F08%2Fhamas-thetimes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2010" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Helene (May 4, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/05/world/05prexy.html">"Obama Tries to Mend Fences With American Jews"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/05/world/05prexy.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obama+Tries+to+Mend+Fences+With+American+Jews&rft.date=2010-05-04&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Helene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F05%2F05%2Fworld%2F05prexy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/137057">"Elie Wiesel: Jerusalem is Above Politics (ad also placed in 3 newspapers on April 16)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arutz_Sheva" title="Arutz Sheva">Arutz Sheva</a>. April 17, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826185139/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/137057">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elie+Wiesel%3A+Jerusalem+is+Above+Politics+%28ad+also+placed+in+3+newspapers+on+April+16%29&rft.pub=Arutz+Sheva&rft.date=2010-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F137057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150815025625/http://www.eliewieselfoundation.org/statementsandappeals.aspx">"For Jerusalem"</a>. The Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eliewieselfoundation.org/statementsandappeals.aspx">the original</a> on August 15, 2015. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+Jerusalem&rft.pub=The+Elie+Wiesel+Foundation+for+Humanity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eliewieselfoundation.org%2Fstatementsandappeals.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216003036/http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2010/05/tension-i-think-is-gone-elie-wiesel-says-of-us-and-israel/">"'Tension, I Think, is Gone', Elie Wiesel Says of U.S. and Israel"</a>, Political Punch, ABC News, May 4, 2010, archived from the original on December 16, 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Punch&rft.atitle=%27Tension%2C+I+Think%2C+is+Gone%27%2C+Elie+Wiesel+Says+of+U.S.+and+Israel&rft.date=2010-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fblogs%2Fpolitics%2F2010%2F05%2Ftension-i-think-is-gone-elie-wiesel-says-of-us-and-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Boston-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boston_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boston_87-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/07/02/fond-memories-elie-wiesel-boston/7pMwRcSBDU9KtJykuS5mJP/story.html">"Fond memories of Elie Wiesel in Boston"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125446/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/07/02/fond-memories-elie-wiesel-boston/7pMwRcSBDU9KtJykuS5mJP/story.html">Archived</a> July 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Boston Globe, July 2, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-dss-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dss_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dss_88-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dss_88-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.speakersla.com/season-archives/2002-03/wiesel.htm">"Elie Wiesel scheduled to appear at Distinguished Speaker Series--Click here for more information and to order tickets"</a>. www.speakersla.com. Retrieved February 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.speakersla.com&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+scheduled+to+appear+at+Distinguished+Speaker+Series--Click+here+for+more+information+and+to+order+tickets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.speakersla.com%2Fseason-archives%2F2002-03%2Fwiesel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alcalde.texasexes.org/2012/11/illustrious-friends-remember-john-r-silber/">"Illustrious Friends Remember John R. Silber"</a>. The Alcalde. November 30, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130128142041/http://alcalde.texasexes.org/2012/11/illustrious-friends-remember-john-r-silber/">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2013. Retrieved February 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Illustrious+Friends+Remember+John+R.+Silber&rft.pub=The+Alcalde&rft.date=2012-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falcalde.texasexes.org%2F2012%2F11%2Fillustrious-friends-remember-john-r-silber%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj-90"><a href="#cite_ref-wsj_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPassy2016" class="citation news cs1">Passy, Charles (July 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/for-holocaust-survivor-elie-wiesel-new-york-city-became-home-1467509525">"For Holocaust Survivor Elie Wiesel, New York City Became Home"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231101172951/https://www.wsj.com/articles/for-holocaust-survivor-elie-wiesel-new-york-city-became-home-1467509525">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=For+Holocaust+Survivor+Elie+Wiesel%2C+New+York+City+Became+Home&rft.date=2016-07-03&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Passy&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ffor-holocaust-survivor-elie-wiesel-new-york-city-became-home-1467509525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aft.org/about">"About Us"</a>. American Federation of Teachers. August 19, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230629/https://www.aft.org/about">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Federation+of+Teachers&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft.date=2022-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aft.org%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/23/10/14.html">"Wiesel to Speak at Barnard; Lectures Help Launch a $2.5M Judaic Studies Chair. Columbia University Record, November 21, 1997"</a>. Columbia.edu. November 21, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210429205619/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/23/10/14.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wiesel+to+Speak+at+Barnard%3B+Lectures+Help+Launch+a+%242.5M+Judaic+Studies+Chair.+Columbia+University+Record%2C+November+21%2C+1997&rft.pub=Columbia.edu&rft.date=1997-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbia.edu%2Fcu%2Frecord%2F23%2F10%2F14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518225110/https://www.centralsynagogue.org/about_us/shofar_shabbat/wiesel">"Central Synagogue"</a>. centralsynagogue.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centralsynagogue.org/about_us/shofar_shabbat/wiesel">the original</a> on May 18, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=centralsynagogue.org&rft.atitle=Central+Synagogue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centralsynagogue.org%2Fabout_us%2Fshofar_shabbat%2Fwiesel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemmes2014" class="citation news cs1">Semmes, Anne W. (October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Human-rights-advocate-Elie-Wiesel-turns-86-5792439.php">"Human rights advocate Elie Wiesel turns 86"</a>. Connecticut Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528122034/https://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Human-rights-advocate-Elie-Wiesel-turns-86-5792439.php">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Connecticut+Post&rft.atitle=Human+rights+advocate+Elie+Wiesel+turns+86&rft.date=2014-10&rft.aulast=Semmes&rft.aufirst=Anne+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctpost.com%2Flocal%2Farticle%2FHuman-rights-advocate-Elie-Wiesel-turns-86-5792439.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna17193352">"Police arrest man accused of attacking Wiesel: Holocaust-surviving Nobel laureate was allegedly accosted in elevator"</a>. NBC News. Associated Press. February 18, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013123658/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/17193352/">Archived</a> from the original on October 13, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Police+arrest+man+accused+of+attacking+Wiesel%3A+Holocaust-surviving+Nobel+laureate+was+allegedly+accosted+in+elevator&rft.date=2007-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna17193352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-08-18-wiesel-accosted_N.htm">"Man gets two-year sentence for accosting Elie Wiesel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. Associated Press. August 18, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327150142/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-08-18-wiesel-accosted_N.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2009. Retrieved August 27, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Man+gets+two-year+sentence+for+accosting+Elie+Wiesel&rft.date=2008-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2008-08-18-wiesel-accosted_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRectenwald" class="citation web cs1">Rectenwald, Miranda. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libguides.wustl.edu/wustl-commencement/speakers">"Research Guides: WU Commencement History: Commencement Speakers"</a>. libguides.wustl.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190725222709/https://libguides.wustl.edu/wustl-commencement/speakers">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved August 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=libguides.wustl.edu&rft.atitle=Research+Guides%3A+WU+Commencement+History%3A+Commencement+Speakers&rft.aulast=Rectenwald&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibguides.wustl.edu%2Fwustl-commencement%2Fspeakers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher_Stack2012" class="citation news cs1">Fletcher Stack, Peggy (February 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/53506130-78/church-mokotoff-jewish-lds.html.csp">"Mormon church apologizes for baptisms of Wiesenthal's parents"</a>. The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake City, Utah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170622162916/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/news/53506130-78/church-mokotoff-jewish-lds.html.csp">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Salt+Lake+Tribune&rft.atitle=Mormon+church+apologizes+for+baptisms+of+Wiesenthal%27s+parents&rft.date=2012-02-13&rft.aulast=Fletcher+Stack&rft.aufirst=Peggy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sltrib.com%2Fsltrib%2Fnews%2F53506130-78%2Fchurch-mokotoff-jewish-lds.html.csp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/elie-wiesel-calls-on-mitt-romney-to-make-mormon-church-stop-proxy-baptisms-of-jews/2012/02/14/gIQAZK6bER_story.html">"Elie Wiesel calls on Mitt Romney to make Mormon church stop proxy baptisms of Jews"</a>. The Washington Post. February 14, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528122020/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/elie-wiesel-calls-on-mitt-romney-to-make-mormon-church-stop-proxy-baptisms-of-jews/2012/02/14/gIQAZK6bER_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+calls+on+Mitt+Romney+to+make+Mormon+church+stop+proxy+baptisms+of+Jews&rft.date=2012-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Felie-wiesel-calls-on-mitt-romney-to-make-mormon-church-stop-proxy-baptisms-of-jews%2F2012%2F02%2F14%2FgIQAZK6bER_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuhas2016" class="citation news cs1">Yuhas, Alan (July 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/02/elie-wiesel-nobel-winner-holocaust-survivor-dies">"Elie Wiesel, Nobel winner and Holocaust survivor, dies aged 87"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528122017/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/02/elie-wiesel-nobel-winner-holocaust-survivor-dies">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel%2C+Nobel+winner+and+Holocaust+survivor%2C+dies+aged+87&rft.date=2016-07-02&rft.aulast=Yuhas&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2016%2Fjul%2F02%2Felie-wiesel-nobel-winner-holocaust-survivor-dies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShnidman2016" class="citation news cs1">Shnidman, Ronen (July 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.575072">"Elie Wiesel, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and renowned Holocaust survivor, dies at 87"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160702191557/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.575072">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel%2C+Nobel+Peace+Prize+laureate+and+renowned+Holocaust+survivor%2C+dies+at+87&rft.date=2016-07-02&rft.aulast=Shnidman&rft.aufirst=Ronen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F1.575072&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToppo2016" class="citation news cs1">Toppo, Greg (July 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2016/07/03/elie-wiesel-remembered-private-service/86655480/">"Elie Wiesel remembered at private service"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923141144/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2016/07/03/elie-wiesel-remembered-private-service/86655480/">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2022. Retrieved September 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+remembered+at+private+service&rft.date=2016-07-03&rft.aulast=Toppo&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fpeople%2F2016%2F07%2F03%2Felie-wiesel-remembered-private-service%2F86655480%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrbain2016" class="citation news cs1">Urbain, Thomas (July 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/mourners-say-farewell-to-elie-wiesel-in-new-york-funeral/">"Mourners say farewell to Elie Wiesel at New York funeral"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923141144/https://www.timesofisrael.com/mourners-say-farewell-to-elie-wiesel-in-new-york-funeral/">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2022. Retrieved September 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Mourners+say+farewell+to+Elie+Wiesel+at+New+York+funeral&rft.date=2016-07-03&rft.aulast=Urbain&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fmourners-say-farewell-to-elie-wiesel-in-new-york-funeral%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weeklystandard.com/orrin-hatch-pays-tribute-to-elie-wiesel/article/2003215">"Orrin Hatch Pays Tribute to Elie Wiesel"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180619035923/https://www.weeklystandard.com/orrin-hatch-pays-tribute-to-elie-wiesel/article/2003215">Archived</a> June 19, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Weekly Standard, July 8, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45072951">"Anti-semitic graffiti on Auschwitz survivor Elie Wiesel's house"</a>. BBC News. August 4, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717074518/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45072951">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved August 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Anti-semitic+graffiti+on+Auschwitz+survivor+Elie+Wiesel%27s+house&rft.date=2018-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-45072951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts_106-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts_106-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts_106-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts_106-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elie_Wiesel's_Secretive_Texts_106-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1994" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Colin (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qkv2bkuXX0YC&pg=PA2">Elie Wiesel's Secretive Texts</a>. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8130-1303-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8130-1303-8"><bdi>0-8130-1303-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elie+Wiesel%27s+Secretive+Texts&rft.place=Gainesville%2C+FL&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Florida&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8130-1303-8&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqkv2bkuXX0YC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishbookcouncil.org/awards/national-jewish-book-awards/past-winners">"Past Winners"</a>. Jewish Book Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190818195619/https://www.jewishbookcouncil.org/awards/national-jewish-book-awards/past-winners">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2019. Retrieved January 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Book+Council&rft.atitle=Past+Winners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishbookcouncil.org%2Fawards%2Fnational-jewish-book-awards%2Fpast-winners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ushmm.org-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm.org_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm.org_108-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm.org_108-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm.org_108-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm.org_108-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm.org_108-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm.org_108-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ushmm.org_108-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007201">"Elie Wiesel Timeline and World Events: From 1952"</a>. Holocaust Encyclopedia. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180713134921/https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007201">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+Timeline+and+World+Events%3A+From+1952&rft.btitle=Holocaust+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=United+States+Holocaust+Memorial+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushmm.org%2Fwlc%2Fen%2Farticle.php%3FModuleId%3D10007201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishbookcouncil.org/awards/national-jewish-book-awards/past-winners?category=30766">"Past Winners"</a>. Jewish Book Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605122003/https://www.jewishbookcouncil.org/awards/national-jewish-book-awards/past-winners?category=30766">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Book+Council&rft.atitle=Past+Winners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishbookcouncil.org%2Fawards%2Fnational-jewish-book-awards%2Fpast-winners%3Fcategory%3D30766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723055434/http://artandhistory.house.gov/house_history/goldMedal.aspx">Congressional Gold Medal Recipients</a> (1776 to Present) </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150325223647/http://www.rooseveltinstitute.org/four-freedoms-awards">"Rooseveltinstitute.org"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rooseveltinstitute.org/four-freedoms-awards">the original</a> on March 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rooseveltinstitute.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rooseveltinstitute.org%2Ffour-freedoms-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerraro1986" class="citation cs2">Ferraro, Thomas (July 4, 1986), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=p7gMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2936%2C2369392">"12 Famous Immigrants Presented with Medal of Liberty"</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg Times">St. Petersburg Times</a>, pp. 18A</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times&rft.atitle=12+Famous+Immigrants+Presented+with+Medal+of+Liberty&rft.pages=18A&rft.date=1986-07-04&rft.aulast=Ferraro&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3Dp7gMAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2936%252C2369392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205214340/http://public.elmhurst.edu/collections/niebuhrlegacy/2607586.html">"The Niebuhr Legacy: Elie Wiesel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elmhurst_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Elmhurst College">Elmhurst College</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.elmhurst.edu/collections/niebuhrlegacy/2607586.html">the original</a> on February 5, 2012. Retrieved February 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Niebuhr+Legacy%3A+Elie+Wiesel&rft.pub=Elmhurst+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublic.elmhurst.edu%2Fcollections%2Fniebuhrlegacy%2F2607586.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service/">"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"</a>. achievement.org. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161215023909/https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service/">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=achievement.org&rft.atitle=Golden+Plate+Awardees+of+the+American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Four-history%2Fgolden-plate-awards%2F%23public-service%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/elie-wiesel-timeline-and-world-events-from-1952">"Elie Wiesel Timeline and World Events: From 1952"</a>. encyclopedia.ushmm.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230718114949/https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/elie-wiesel-timeline-and-world-events-from-1952">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.ushmm.org&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+Timeline+and+World+Events%3A+From+1952&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclopedia.ushmm.org%2Fcontent%2Fen%2Farticle%2Felie-wiesel-timeline-and-world-events-from-1952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003102219/http://www.christianchronicle.org/article2158505~Holocaust_survivor_honored">"Holocaust survivor honored"</a>. Christian Chronicle. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianchronicle.org/article2158505~Holocaust_survivor_honored">the original</a> on October 3, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Holocaust+survivor+honored&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianchronicle.org%2Farticle2158505~Holocaust_survivor_honored&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721054114/http://www.neh.gov/whoweare/nationalmedals.html">"Winners of the National Humanities Medal and the Charles Frankel Prize"</a>. July 21, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neh.gov/whoweare/nationalmedals.html">the original</a> on July 21, 2011. Retrieved February 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Winners+of+the+National+Humanities+Medal+and+the+Charles+Frankel+Prize&rft.date=2011-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neh.gov%2Fwhoweare%2Fnationalmedals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207230401/https://www.flholocaustmuseum.org/events/to-life-annual-event.aspx">"To Life: Celebrating 20 Years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Florida_Holocaust_Museum" title="Florida Holocaust Museum">Florida Holocaust Museum</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flholocaustmuseum.org/events/to-life-annual-event.aspx">the original</a> on February 7, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=To+Life%3A+Celebrating+20+Years&rft.pub=Florida+Holocaust+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flholocaustmuseum.org%2Fevents%2Fto-life-annual-event.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kenyonreview.org/programs/kenyon-review-award-for-literary-achievement/">"Kenyon Review for Literary Achievement"</a>. KenyonReview.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180109090416/https://www.kenyonreview.org/programs/kenyon-review-award-for-literary-achievement/">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KenyonReview.org&rft.atitle=Kenyon+Review+for+Literary+Achievement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kenyonreview.org%2Fprograms%2Fkenyon-review-award-for-literary-achievement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4303500,00.html">"Elie Wiesel receives 2012 Nadav Award. Ynetnews. November 11, 2012"</a>. Ynetnews. November 11, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703080927/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4303500,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved February 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+receives+2012+Nadav+Award.+Ynetnews.+November+11%2C+2012&rft.date=2012-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4303500%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101124043935/http://jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national">"National Winners – public service awards – Jefferson Awards.org"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national">the original</a> on November 24, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Winners+%E2%80%93+public+service+awards+%E2%80%93+Jefferson+Awards.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeffersonawards.org%2Fpastwinners%2Fnational&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201235814/http://johnjay.jjay.cuny.edu/acalendar/EventList.aspx?view=EventDetails&eventidn=6912&information_id=18766&type=&syndicate=syndicate">"John Jay Justice Award 2014"</a>. cuny.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johnjay.jjay.cuny.edu/acalendar/EventList.aspx?view=EventDetails&eventidn=6912&information_id=18766&type=&syndicate=syndicate">the original</a> on February 1, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cuny.edu&rft.atitle=John+Jay+Justice+Award+2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjohnjay.jjay.cuny.edu%2Facalendar%2FEventList.aspx%3Fview%3DEventDetails%26eventidn%3D6912%26information_id%3D18766%26type%3D%26syndicate%3Dsyndicate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cathedral.org/press-room/cathedral-adds-stone-carving-of-elie-wiesel-to-its-human-rights-porch/">"Cathedral Adds Stone Carving of Elie Wiesel to Its Human Rights Porch"</a>. Washington National Cathedral. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521035643/https://cathedral.org/press-room/cathedral-adds-stone-carving-of-elie-wiesel-to-its-human-rights-porch/">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+National+Cathedral&rft.atitle=Cathedral+Adds+Stone+Carving+of+Elie+Wiesel+to+Its+Human+Rights+Porch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcathedral.org%2Fpress-room%2Fcathedral-adds-stone-carving-of-elie-wiesel-to-its-human-rights-porch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newswise.com/articles/elie-wiesel-commencement-speaker">"Elie Wiesel: Commencement Speaker"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160813033131/http://www.newswise.com/articles/elie-wiesel-commencement-speaker">Archived</a> August 13, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Newswise, May 7, 1999 </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcall.com/1985/05/15/honorary-degrees-going-to-6-at-lehigh/">"Honorary Degrees Going To 6 At Lehigh"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Morning_Call" title="The Morning Call">The Morning Call</a>. May 15, 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119233446/http://articles.mcall.com/1985-05-15/news/2471811_1_honorary-humane-letters-elie-wiesel">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Morning+Call&rft.atitle=Honorary+Degrees+Going+To+6+At+Lehigh&rft.date=1985-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcall.com%2F1985%2F05%2F15%2Fhonorary-degrees-going-to-6-at-lehigh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://distinctions.depaul.edu/Pages/honorarydegree.aspx">"Presidents, premiers and peacemakers merit honorary degrees"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DePaul_University" title="DePaul University">DePaul University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100609214505/http://distinctions.depaul.edu/Pages/honorarydegree.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2010. Retrieved February 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidents%2C+premiers+and+peacemakers+merit+honorary+degrees&rft.pub=DePaul+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdistinctions.depaul.edu%2FPages%2Fhonorarydegree.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092133/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2005-04-17/news/0504160074_1_carroll-county-elie-wiesel-public-school">"Honorary Degree Recipients"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Seton_Hall_University" title="Seton Hall University">Seton Hall University</a>. April 17, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2005-04-17/news/0504160074_1_carroll-county-elie-wiesel-public-school">the original</a> on April 7, 2014. Retrieved February 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+Degree+Recipients&rft.pub=Seton+Hall+University&rft.date=2005-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.baltimoresun.com%2F2005-04-17%2Fnews%2F0504160074_1_carroll-county-elie-wiesel-public-school&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815030943/http://hgar-srv3.bu.edu/web/elie-wiesel/search/results?query=name:46369&size=10">"Results - Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hgar-srv3.bu.edu/web/elie-wiesel/search/results?query=name:46369&size=10">the original</a> on August 15, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+-+Howard+Gotlieb+Archival+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhgar-srv3.bu.edu%2Fweb%2Felie-wiesel%2Fsearch%2Fresults%3Fquery%3Dname%3A46369%26size%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120428214021/http://www.shu.edu/events/commencement/honorary-degree-recipients.cfm">"Convocation set tomorrow to honor Elie Wiesel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shu.edu/events/commencement/honorary-degree-recipients.cfm">the original</a> on April 28, 2012. Retrieved February 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Convocation+set+tomorrow+to+honor+Elie+Wiesel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shu.edu%2Fevents%2Fcommencement%2Fhonorary-degree-recipients.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoker" class="citation web cs1">Coker, Matt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103042543/http://blogs.ocweekly.com/navelgazing/2010/08/elie_wiesel_joins_chapman_univ.php">"Elie Wiesel Joins Chapman University, to Guide Undergrads Spring Semesters Through 2015"</a>. OC Weekly. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.ocweekly.com/navelgazing/2010/08/elie_wiesel_joins_chapman_univ.php">the original</a> on November 3, 2013. Retrieved January 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OC+Weekly&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+Joins+Chapman+University%2C+to+Guide+Undergrads+Spring+Semesters+Through+2015&rft.aulast=Coker&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.ocweekly.com%2Fnavelgazing%2F2010%2F08%2Felie_wiesel_joins_chapman_univ.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100607215713/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~vox/0506/0515/commencement.html">"Elie Wiesel to Speak at Commencement"</a>. Vox of Dartmouth. Dartmouth College. May 15, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~vox/0506/0515/commencement.html">the original</a> on June 7, 2010. Retrieved February 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox+of+Dartmouth&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+to+Speak+at+Commencement&rft.date=2006-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dartmouth.edu%2F~vox%2F0506%2F0515%2Fcommencement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:g2jsRW9eWk8J:www.cabrini.edu/News-and-Events/~/media/Files/Magazine/07WinterMagazine.ashx+&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi5UHqlQEm0LChUbRQhgb1PRFhHjBlbU5uXRIanw-H_wlkPejvxBzgoiUhf8LzlQsVLRXb7XY55xLCTWR7yPKpchyd-9n-5DPneDQYWAIdb8bytyMfOHGdjqYtXG2DZebF2UGkS&sig=AHIEtbTeO1qSM1mxAIV9Aqc-Y8nEbKFpuQ&pli=1">"Message from the President"</a>. Cabrini Magazine. 4 (2). Pennsylvania: Cabrini College: 2. February 22, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cabrini+Magazine&rft.atitle=Message+from+the+President&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2007-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fviewer%3Fa%3Dv%26q%3Dcache%3Ag2jsRW9eWk8J%3Awww.cabrini.edu%2FNews-and-Events%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FMagazine%2F07WinterMagazine.ashx%2B%26hl%3Den%26gl%3Dus%26pid%3Dbl%26srcid%3DADGEESi5UHqlQEm0LChUbRQhgb1PRFhHjBlbU5uXRIanw-H_wlkPejvxBzgoiUhf8LzlQsVLRXb7XY55xLCTWR7yPKpchyd-9n-5DPneDQYWAIdb8bytyMfOHGdjqYtXG2DZebF2UGkS%26sig%3DAHIEtbTeO1qSM1mxAIV9Aqc-Y8nEbKFpuQ%26pli%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uvm.edu/~uvmpr/?Page=News&storyID=10390">"Elie Wiesel to Speak At UVM April 25, Receive Honorary Degree"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a>. April 24, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011019123910/http://www.uvm.edu/~uvmpr/?Page=News">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2001. Retrieved February 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elie+Wiesel+to+Speak+At+UVM+April+25%2C+Receive+Honorary+Degree&rft.pub=University+of+Vermont&rft.date=2007-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uvm.edu%2F~uvmpr%2F%3FPage%3DNews%26storyID%3D10390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407103315/http://www.oakland.edu/news/?sid=34&nid=4191">"OU to award Elie Wiesel honorary degree during lecture"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oakland_University" title="Oakland University">Oakland University</a>. October 2, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oakland.edu/news/?sid=34&nid=4191">the original</a> on April 7, 2014. Retrieved February 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OU+to+award+Elie+Wiesel+honorary+degree+during+lecture&rft.pub=Oakland+University&rft.date=2007-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oakland.edu%2Fnews%2F%3Fsid%3D34%26nid%3D4191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003100536/http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/advancement/pr/ELIE-WIESEL-TO-DELIVER-INAUGURAL-PRESIDENTS-LECTURE-AT-THE-CITY-COLLEGE-OF-NEW-YORK.cfm">"ELIE WIESEL TO DELIVER INAUGURAL PRESIDENT'S LECTURE AT THE CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK"</a>. <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a>. March 25, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.ccny.cuny.edu/advancement/pr/ELIE-WIESEL-TO-DELIVER-INAUGURAL-PRESIDENTS-LECTURE-AT-THE-CITY-COLLEGE-OF-NEW-YORK.cfm">the original</a> on October 3, 2008. Retrieved February 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ELIE+WIESEL+TO+DELIVER+INAUGURAL+PRESIDENT%27S+LECTURE+AT+THE+CITY+COLLEGE+OF+NEW+YORK&rft.pub=City+College+of+New+York&rft.date=2008-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.ccny.cuny.edu%2Fadvancement%2Fpr%2FELIE-WIESEL-TO-DELIVER-INAUGURAL-PRESIDENTS-LECTURE-AT-THE-CITY-COLLEGE-OF-NEW-YORK.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126175755/http://www.aftau.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=7031">"Elie Wiesel and Martin J. Whitman Among Notable American Recipients of TAU's Highest Honor"</a>. American Friends of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>. May 20, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aftau.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=7031">the original</a> on January 26, 2012. Retrieved February 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elie+Wiesel+and+Martin+J.+Whitman+Among+Notable+American+Recipients+of+TAU%27s+Highest+Honor&rft.pub=American+Friends+of+Tel+Aviv+University&rft.date=2008-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftau.org%2Fsite%2FNews2%3Fpage%3DNewsArticle%26id%3D7031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125153730/http://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/honorary-doctorates-of-the-weizmann-institute-of-science">"Honorary Doctorates of the Weizmann Institute of Science"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/honorary-doctorates-of-the-weizmann-institute-of-science">the original</a> on January 25, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+Doctorates+of+the+Weizmann+Institute+of+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwis-wander.weizmann.ac.il%2Fhonorary-doctorates-of-the-weizmann-institute-of-science&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120802001644/http://www.bucknell.edu/Documents/Commencement/Honary%20Degrees_Wiesel.pdf">"Honorary Degrees"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Bucknell_University" title="Bucknell University">Bucknell University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bucknell.edu/Documents/Commencement/Honary%20Degrees_Wiesel.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on August 2, 2012. Retrieved February 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+Degrees&rft.pub=Bucknell+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bucknell.edu%2FDocuments%2FCommencement%2FHonary%2520Degrees_Wiesel.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www4.lehigh.edu/news/newsarticle.aspx?Channel=%2FChannels%2FNews%3A+2010&WorkflowItemID=a5a6a73d-c3e6-4380-ba67-402257a7fa9b">"2010 honorary degree recipients announced"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_University" title="Lehigh University">Lehigh University</a>. March 26, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100808160523/http://www4.lehigh.edu/news/newsarticle.aspx?Channel=/Channels/News:+2010&WorkflowItemID=a5a6a73d-c3e6-4380-ba67-402257a7fa9b">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2010. Retrieved February 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+honorary+degree+recipients+announced&rft.pub=Lehigh+University&rft.date=2010-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww4.lehigh.edu%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3FChannel%3D%252FChannels%252FNews%253A%2B2010%26WorkflowItemID%3Da5a6a73d-c3e6-4380-ba67-402257a7fa9b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/22126.aspx">"Holocaust survivor, human rights activist Wiesel to deliver Commencement address"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a>. April 5, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160109062827/https://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/22126.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holocaust+survivor%2C+human+rights+activist+Wiesel+to+deliver+Commencement+address&rft.pub=Washington+University+in+St.+Louis&rft.date=2011-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.wustl.edu%2Fnews%2FPages%2F22126.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postandcourier.com/article/20110926/PC1602/309269940">"Nobel laureate Wiesel holds hope for future"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160817060755/http://www.postandcourier.com/article/20110926/PC1602/309269940">Archived</a> August 17, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Post and Courier, September 26, 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120716234729/http://www.uw.edu.pl/en/page.php/news/wiesel.html">"Professor Elie Wiesel awarded the University of Warsaw Honorary Doctorate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warsaw" title="University of Warsaw">University of Warsaw</a>. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uw.edu.pl/en/page.php/news/wiesel.html">the original</a> on July 16, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professor+Elie+Wiesel+awarded+the+University+of+Warsaw+Honorary+Doctorate&rft.pub=University+of+Warsaw&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uw.edu.pl%2Fen%2Fpage.php%2Fnews%2Fwiesel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicaffairs.ubc.ca/2012/09/10/nobel-laureate-elie-wiesel-receives-ubc-honorary-degree/">"Nobel laureate Elie Wiesel receives UBC honorary degree"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia" title="University of British Columbia">University of British Columbia</a>. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913211528/http://www.publicaffairs.ubc.ca/2012/09/10/nobel-laureate-elie-wiesel-receives-ubc-honorary-degree/">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved September 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nobel+laureate+Elie+Wiesel+receives+UBC+honorary+degree&rft.pub=University+of+British+Columbia&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicaffairs.ubc.ca%2F2012%2F09%2F10%2Fnobel-laureate-elie-wiesel-receives-ubc-honorary-degree%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Other Important Events". Analecta Cracoviensia. 47: 253–323. 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analecta+Cracoviensia&rft.atitle=Other+Important+Events&rft.volume=47&rft.pages=253-323&rft.date=2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/polish-school-honors-elie-wiesel/">"Polish school honors Elie Wiesel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200323013209/https://www.timesofisrael.com/polish-school-honors-elie-wiesel/">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Polish+school+honors+Elie+Wiesel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fpolish-school-honors-elie-wiesel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fairfield.edu/about/university-profile/honorary-degrees/index.html">"Honorary Degrees"</a>. Fairfield University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603101738/https://www.fairfield.edu/about/university-profile/honorary-degrees/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2023. Retrieved August 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fairfield+University&rft.atitle=Honorary+Degrees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairfield.edu%2Fabout%2Funiversity-profile%2Fhonorary-degrees%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> Speeches and interviews <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080914135645/http://www.jinsider.com/channel/39/top-jews/series/63/elie-wiesel.html">Elie Wiesel Video Gallery</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.depauw.edu/news/index.asp?id=17914">Nobel Peace Prize Winner Elie Wiesel Examines 'Building a Moral Society' in Ubben Lecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/DePauw_University" title="DePauw University">DePauw University</a>, September 21, 1989, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110626010301/http://www.depauw.edu/news/index.asp?id=17914">archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2011, retrieved February 3, 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nobel+Peace+Prize+Winner+Elie+Wiesel+Examines+%27Building+a+Moral+Society%27+in+Ubben+Lecture&rft.pub=DePauw+University&rft.date=1989-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.depauw.edu%2Fnews%2Findex.asp%3Fid%3D17914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://billmoyers.com/content/facing-hate-with-elie-wiesel/">"Facing Hate with Elie Wiesel"</a>. Bill Moyers. November 27, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208050602/http://billmoyers.com/content/facing-hate-with-elie-wiesel/">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+Moyers&rft.date=1991-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbillmoyers.com%2Fcontent%2Ffacing-hate-with-elie-wiesel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.achievement.org/achiever/elie-wiesel/#interview">"Elie Wiesel Biography and Interview"</a>. achievement.org. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>. June 29, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190103162642/http://www.achievement.org/achiever/elie-wiesel#interview">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=achievement.org&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+Biography+and+Interview&rft.date=1996-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.achievement.org%2Fachiever%2Felie-wiesel%2F%23interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ewieselperilsofindifference.html">"Perils of Indifference" Speech by Elie Wiesel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121453/https://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ewieselperilsofindifference.html">Archived</a> January 19, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Washington, D.C., Transcript (as delivered), Audio, Video, April 12, 1999.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/wiesel.htm">"Perils of Indifference" Speech by Elie Wiesel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232641/http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/wiesel.htm">Archived</a> November 6, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Washington, D.C., Text and Audio, April 12, 1999.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/speaktruthtopower/elie.html">The Kennedy Center Presents: Speak Truth to Power: Elie Wiesel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018092050/http://www.pbs.org/speaktruthtopower/elie.html">Archived</a> October 18, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, PBS, October 8, 2000.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.aspx?showID=6716">An Evening with Elie Wiesel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128113817/http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.aspx?showID=6716">Archived</a> November 28, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Herman P. and Sophia Taubman Endowed Symposia in Jewish Studies. <a href="/wiki/UCTV_(University_of_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="UCTV (University of California)">UCTV (University of California)</a>. August 19, 2002</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/eliewiesel/">Elie Wiesel: First Person Singular</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222202307/http://www.pbs.org/eliewiesel/">Archived</a> December 22, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, PBS, October 24, 2002.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamante2006" class="citation cs2">Diamante, Jeff (July 29, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080602173852/http://www.thestar.com/Life/Religion/article/126609">"Elie Wiesel on his beliefs"</a>, The Star, Toronto, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/Life/Religion/article/126609">the original</a> on June 2, 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel+on+his+beliefs&rft.date=2006-07-29&rft.aulast=Diamante&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2FLife%2FReligion%2Farticle%2F126609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070607042953/http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/focus/antisemitism/voices/transcript/index.php?content=20070524">Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Elie Wiesel</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a>, May 24, 2007.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7616000/7616231.stm">"'We must not forget the Holocaust'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Today_(BBC_Radio_4)" title="Today (BBC Radio 4)">Today (BBC Radio 4)</a>. September 15, 2008. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200914190151/http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7616000/7616231.stm">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved February 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Today+%28BBC+Radio+4%29&rft.date=2008-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Ftoday%2Fhi%2Ftoday%2Fnewsid_7616000%2F7616231.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090613021629/http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/10370">"A conversation with Elie Wiesel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose_(talk_show)" title="Charlie Rose (talk show)">Charlie Rose</a>. June 8, 2009. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/10370">the original</a> on June 13, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charlie+Rose&rft.date=2009-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charlierose.com%2Fview%2Finterview%2F10370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oslofreedomforum.com/speakers/elie-wiesel">"Unmasking Evil – Elie Wiesel, featuring Soledad O'Brien, 2009"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Freedom_Forum" title="Oslo Freedom Forum">Oslo Freedom Forum 2009</a>. 2010. <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Freedom_Forum" title="Oslo Freedom Forum">Oslo Freedom Forum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608162953/https://oslofreedomforum.com/speakers/elie-wiesel">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oslo+Freedom+Forum+2009&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oslofreedomforum.com%2Fspeakers%2Felie-wiesel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhwmPIE4E78">"Elie Wiesel on the Leon Charney Report (Segment)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leon_Charney#The_Charney_Report" title="Leon Charney">The Charney Report</a>. 2006. <a href="/wiki/WNYE-TV" title="WNYE-TV">WNYE-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200914190216/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhwmPIE4E78">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Charney+Report&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DHhwmPIE4E78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6UKnqxB9hA">"Elie Wiesel on the Leon Charney Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leon_Charney#The_Charney_Report" title="Leon Charney">The Charney Report</a>. 2006. <a href="/wiki/WNYE-TV" title="WNYE-TV">WNYE-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202193250/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6UKnqxB9hA">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Charney+Report&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DW6UKnqxB9hA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Berenbaum, Michael. The Vision of the Void: Theological Reflections on the Works of Elie Wiesel. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1979. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8195-6189-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8195-6189-4">0-8195-6189-4</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurger2018" class="citation book cs1">Burger, Ariel (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arielburger.com/witness-lessons-from-elie-wiesels-classroom/#description">Witness: Lessons from Elie Wiesel's Classroom</a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1328802699" title="Special:BookSources/978-1328802699"><bdi>978-1328802699</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181114060329/https://arielburger.com/witness-lessons-from-elie-wiesels-classroom/#description">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Witness%3A+Lessons+from+Elie+Wiesel%27s+Classroom&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1328802699&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farielburger.com%2Fwitness-lessons-from-elie-wiesels-classroom%2F%23description&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChighel2015" class="citation web cs1">Chighel, Michael (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104957/http://www.chighel.com/hosanna/">"Hosanna! Eliezer Wiesel's Correspondence with the Lubavitcher Rebbe"</a> (online book). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chighel.com/hosanna/">the original</a> on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hosanna%21+Eliezer+Wiesel%27s+Correspondence+with+the+Lubavitcher+Rebbe&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Chighel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chighel.com%2Fhosanna%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Davis, Colin. Elie Wiesel's Secretive Texts. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8130-1303-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8130-1303-8">0-8130-1303-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Doblmeier, Martin (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080908013631/http://www.thepowerofforgiveness.com/about/peopleinthefilm/wiesel.html">The Power of Forgiveness</a> (Documentary). Alexandria, VA: Journey Films. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepowerofforgiveness.com/about/peopleinthefilm/wiesel.html">the original</a> on September 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+Forgiveness&rft.place=Alexandria%2C+VA&rft.pub=Journey+Films&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepowerofforgiveness.com%2Fabout%2Fpeopleinthefilm%2Fwiesel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Downing, Frederick L. Elie Wiesel: A Religious Biography. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88146-099-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88146-099-5">978-0-88146-099-5</a></li> <li>Fine, Ellen S. Legacy of Night: The Literary Universe of Elie Wiesel. New York: State University of New York Press, 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87395-590-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87395-590-0">0-87395-590-0</a></li> <li>Fonseca, Isabel. Bury Me Standing: The Gypsies and Their Journey. London: Vintage, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-73743-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-73743-8">978-0-679-73743-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman1984" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Friedman, John S. (Spring 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2995/the-art-of-fiction-no-79-elie-wiesel">"Elie Wiesel, The Art of Fiction No. 79"</a>. The Paris Review. Spring 1984 (91). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101028143601/http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2995/the-art-of-fiction-no-79-elie-wiesel">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2010. Retrieved November 29, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paris+Review&rft.atitle=Elie+Wiesel%2C+The+Art+of+Fiction+No.+79&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=Spring+1984&rft.issue=91&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F2995%2Fthe-art-of-fiction-no-79-elie-wiesel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElie+Wiesel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721022925/http://iefr.univ-artois.fr/spip.php?article46">Rota, Olivier. Choisir le français pour exprimer l'indicible. Elie Wiesel</a>, in Mythe et mondialisation. L'exil dans les littératures francophones, Actes du colloque organisé dans le cadre du projet bilatéral franco-roumain « Mythes et stratégies de la francophonie en Europe, en Roumanie et dans les Balkans », programme Brâcuşi des 8–9 septembre 2005, Editura Universităţii Suceava, 2006, pp. 47–55. Re-published in Sens, dec. 2007, pp. 659–668.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Elie_Wiesel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Elie_Wiesel" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eliewieselfoundation.org/">The Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1986/wiesel/acceptance-speech/">Elie Wiesel's acceptance speech of the Nobel Peace Prize</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231023210305/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1986/wiesel/acceptance-speech/">Archived</a> 23 October 2023 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL20891A">Works by Elie Wiesel</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391#P648" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?6515">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li>Biography on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130121135305/http://www.eliewieselfoundation.org/eliewiesel.aspx">The Elie Wiesel Foundation For Humanity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/548">Elie Wiesel</a> on Nobelprize.org <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1519">Elie Wiesel on the Nature of Human Nature (1985)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1518">Conversations with Elie Wiesel (2001)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1609">Anti-Semitism Redux (2002)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1827">Anti-Semitism ... "the worlds most durable ideology" (2004)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1531">"The Open Mind – Am I My Brother's Keeper? (September 27, 2007)"</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1537">"The Open Mind – Taking Life: Can It Be an Act of Compassion and Mercy (September 27, 2007)"</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>"Free At Last: Elie Wiesel, Plainclothes Nuns, and Breakthroughs – Or Witnessing a Witness of History", pp. 19–21 in 'Spirit of America, Vol. 39: Simple Gifts', La Crosse, WI: DigiCOPY, 2017, Essay by David Joseph Marcou about his meeting Mr. Wiesel and being official Viterbo U. Photographer for Elie Wiesel Day at Viterbo U., 9–26–06, in Book by DJ Marcou on Missouri J-School Library Web-page of David Joseph Marcou's works <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/ld.php?content_id=39599190">[1]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobel.bh.org.il/en/persona/wiesel-elie/">Elie Wiesel</a>, Nobel Luminaries - Jewish Nobel Prize Winners, on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bh.org.il/">Beit Hatfutsot-The Museum of the Jewish People</a> Website.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elie_Wiesel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elie_Wiesel" title="Template:Elie Wiesel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elie_Wiesel" title="Template talk:Elie Wiesel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elie_Wiesel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elie Wiesel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elie_Wiesel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elie Wiesel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel_bibliography" title="Elie Wiesel bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Night_(memoir)" title="Night (memoir)">Night</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jews_of_Silence" title="The Jews of Silence">The Jews of Silence</a> (1966)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(Wiesel_novel)" title="Dawn (Wiesel novel)">Dawn</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_(Wiesel_novel)" title="Day (Wiesel novel)">Day</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gates_of_the_Forest" title="The Gates of the Forest">The Gates of the Forest</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oath_(Wiesel_novel)" title="The Oath (Wiesel novel)">The Oath</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Testament_(Elie_Wiesel_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Testament (Elie Wiesel novel)">The Testament</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fifth_Son" title="The Fifth Son">The Fifth Son</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twilight_(Wiesel_novel)" title="Twilight (Wiesel novel)">Twilight</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_(Wiesel_novel)" title="The Forgotten (Wiesel novel)">The Forgotten</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_God" title="The Trial of God">The Trial of God</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1901 Nobel Peace Prize">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Henry Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Frédéric Passy</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Élie Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Charles Gobat</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Randal_Cremer" title="Randal Cremer">Randal Cremer</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International" title="Institut de Droit International">Institut de Droit International</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" title="Bertha von Suttner">Bertha von Suttner</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Ernesto Moneta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurist)" title="Louis Renault (jurist)">Louis Renault</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Fredrik Bajer</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert" title="Auguste Beernaert">A. M. F. Beernaert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" title="Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant">Paul Estournelles de Constant</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" title="International Peace Bureau">International Peace Bureau</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Asser" title="Tobias Asser">Tobias Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Alfred Fried</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Elihu Root</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" title="Henri La Fontaine">Henri La Fontaine</a></li> <li>1914</li> <li>1915</li> <li>1916</li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></li> <li>1918</li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Léon Bourgeois</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Christian Lange</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a></li> <li>1923</li> <li>1924</li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" title="Austen Chamberlain">Austen Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles Dawes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Gustav Stresemann</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Ferdinand Buisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Ludwig Quidde</a></li> <li>1928</li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Frank B. Kellogg</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Nicholas Butler</a></li> <li>1932</li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" title="Norman Angell">Norman Angell</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Carl von Ossietzky</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Carlos Saavedra Lamas</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Robert Cecil</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees" title="Nansen International Office for Refugees">Nansen International Office for Refugees</a></li> <li>1939</li> <li>1940</li> <li>1941</li> <li>1942</li> <li>1943</li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Cordell Hull</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Emily Balch</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">John Mott</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">Friends Service Council</a> / <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></li> <li>1948</li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">John Boyd Orr</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1951: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Léon Jouhaux</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></li> <li>1955</li> <li>1956</li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Georges Pire</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker" title="Philip Noel-Baker">Philip Noel-Baker</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Luthuli" title="Albert Luthuli">Albert Luthuli</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> / <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">League of Red Cross Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1964 Nobel Peace Prize">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1965 Nobel Peace Prize">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1966 Nobel Peace Prize">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1967 Nobel Peace Prize">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1968 Nobel Peace Prize">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">René Cassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1969 Nobel Peace Prize">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1970 Nobel Peace Prize">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1971 Nobel Peace Prize">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a></li> <li>1972</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="1973 Nobel Peace Prize">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D" title="Lê Đức Thọ">Lê Đức Thọ</a> (declined award) / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">Betty Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Maguire" title="Mairead Maguire">Mairead Corrigan</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Adolfo Pérez Esquivel</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">Alfonso García Robles</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War</a></li> <li>1986: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elie Wiesel</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">UN Peacekeeping Forces</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Rigoberta Menchú</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" title="Joseph Rotblat">Joseph Rotblat</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">International Campaign to Ban Landmines</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">Jody Williams</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">John Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">David Trimble</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung" title="Kim Dae-jung">Kim Dae-jung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 Nobel Peace Prize">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Nobel Peace Prize">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Nobel Peace Prize">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Shirin Ebadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Nobel Peace Prize">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" class="mw-redirect" title="Wangari Maathai">Wangari Maathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2005 Nobel Peace Prize">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Nobel Peace Prize">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2007 Nobel Peace Prize">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Nobel Peace Prize">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2010 Nobel Peace Prize">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2011 Nobel Peace Prize">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Leymah Gbowee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman" title="Tawakkol Karman">Tawakkol Karman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2012 Nobel Peace Prize">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2013 Nobel Peace Prize">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2014 Nobel Peace Prize">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2015 Nobel Peace Prize">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet" title="Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet">Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2016 Nobel Peace Prize">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2017 Nobel Peace Prize">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons">International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2018 Nobel Peace Prize">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Denis Mukwege</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Nadia Murad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2019 Nobel Peace Prize">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2020 Nobel Peace Prize">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2021 Nobel Peace Prize">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2022 Nobel Peace Prize">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(society)" title="Memorial (society)">Memorial</a> / <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_(human_rights_organization)" title="Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)">Center for Civil Liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2023 Nobel Peace Prize">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2024 Nobel Peace Prize">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo" title="Nihon Hidankyo">Nihon Hidankyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1986_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1986_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1986 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1986_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1986 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1986_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1986 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1986_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1986 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a> (Canada)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1986_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1986 Nobel Prize in Literature">1986</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Wole Soyinka</a> (Nigeria)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elie Wiesel</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ernst Ruska</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a> (Switzerland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemist)" title="Stanley Cohen (biochemist)">Stanley Cohen</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a> (United States/Italy)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Buchanan" title="James M. Buchanan">James M. Buchanan</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1981_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1981 Nobel Prize winners">1981</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1982_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1982 Nobel Prize winners">1982</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1983_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1983 Nobel Prize winners">1983</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1984_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1984 Nobel Prize winners">1984</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1985_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1985 Nobel Prize winners">1985</a></dd> <dd>1986 </dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1987_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1987 Nobel Prize winners">1987</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1988_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1988 Nobel Prize winners">1988</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1989_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1989 Nobel Prize winners">1989</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1990_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1990 Nobel Prize winners">1990</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1991_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1991 Nobel Prize winners">1991</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prix_Médicis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prix_M%C3%A9dicis" title="Template:Prix Médicis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prix_M%C3%A9dicis" title="Template talk:Prix Médicis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prix_M%C3%A9dicis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prix Médicis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prix_Médicis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Prix_M%C3%A9dicis" title="Prix Médicis">Prix Médicis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1958–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Ollier" title="Claude Ollier">Claude Ollier</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Mauriac" title="Claude Mauriac">Claude Mauriac</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Thomas" title="Henri Thomas">Henri Thomas</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Sollers" title="Philippe Sollers">Philippe Sollers</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Colette_Audry" title="Colette Audry">Colette Audry</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Jarlot" title="Gérard Jarlot">Gérard Jarlot</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Monique_Wittig" title="Monique Wittig">Monique Wittig</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Victor_Pilhes" class="mw-redirect" title="René-Victor Pilhes">René-Victor Pilhes</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Marie-Claire_Blais" title="Marie-Claire Blais">Marie-Claire Blais</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a></li> <li>1968: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elie Wiesel</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Cixous" title="Hélène Cixous">Hélène Cixous</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Camille_Bourniquel" title="Camille Bourniquel">Camille Bourniquel</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Pascal_Lain%C3%A9" title="Pascal Lainé">Pascal Lainé</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Clavel" title="Maurice Clavel">Maurice Clavel</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Tony_Duvert" title="Tony Duvert">Tony Duvert</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Fernandez" title="Dominique Fernandez">Dominique Fernandez</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Almira" title="Jacques Almira">Jacques Almira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Marc_Cholodenko" title="Marc Cholodenko">Marc Cholodenko</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Butel" title="Michel Butel">Michel Butel</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Perec" title="Georges Perec">Georges Perec</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Durand" title="Claude Durand">Claude Durand</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Lahougue" title="Jean Lahougue">Jean Lahougue</a> (declined award)</li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Benoziglio" title="Jean-Luc Benoziglio">Jean-Luc Benoziglio</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Olivier_Rousseau" title="François-Olivier Rousseau">François-Olivier Rousseau</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Josselin" title="Jean-François Josselin">Jean-François Josselin</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Echenoz" title="Jean Echenoz">Jean Echenoz</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Bernard-Henri_L%C3%A9vy" title="Bernard-Henri Lévy">Bernard-Henri Lévy</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Braudeau" title="Michel Braudeau">Michel Braudeau</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Combescot" title="Pierre Combescot">Pierre Combescot</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mertens" title="Pierre Mertens">Pierre Mertens</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Christiane_Rochefort" title="Christiane Rochefort">Christiane Rochefort</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Doubrovsky" title="Serge Doubrovsky">Serge Doubrovsky</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Jean-No%C3%ABl_Pancrazi" title="Jean-Noël Pancrazi">Jean-Noël Pancrazi</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Yves_Simon_(singer)" title="Yves Simon (singer)">Yves Simon</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Rio" title="Michel Rio">Michel Rio</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Emmanu%C3%A8le_Bernheim" title="Emmanuèle Bernheim">Emmanuèle Bernheim</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Yves_Berger" title="Yves Berger">Yves Berger</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Vassilis_Alexakis" title="Vassilis Alexakis">Vassilis Alexakis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andre%C3%AF_Makine" title="Andreï Makine">Andreï Makine</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Harpman" title="Jacqueline Harpman">Jacqueline Harpman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Rolin_(writer)" title="Jean Rolin (writer)">Jean Rolin</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Le_Guillou" title="Philippe Le Guillou">Philippe Le Guillou</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Hom%C3%A9ric" title="Homéric">Homéric</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Christian_Oster" title="Christian Oster">Christian Oster</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Yann_Apperry" title="Yann Apperry">Yann Apperry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Duteurtre" title="Benoît Duteurtre">Benoît Duteurtre</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Anne_F._Garr%C3%A9ta" title="Anne F. Garréta">Anne F. Garréta</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Mingarelli" title="Hubert Mingarelli">Hubert Mingarelli</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Nimier" title="Marie Nimier">Marie Nimier</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Philippe_Toussaint" title="Jean-Philippe Toussaint">Jean-Philippe Toussaint</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Sorj_Chalandon" title="Sorj Chalandon">Sorj Chalandon</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Hatzfeld" title="Jean Hatzfeld">Jean Hatzfeld</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Blas_de_Robl%C3%A8s" title="Jean-Marie Blas de Roblès">Jean-Marie Blas de Roblès</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Dany_Laferri%C3%A8re" title="Dany Laferrière">Dany Laferrière</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Maylis_de_Kerangal" title="Maylis de Kerangal">Maylis de Kerangal</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Lindon" title="Mathieu Lindon">Mathieu Lindon</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Pireyre" title="Emmanuelle Pireyre">Emmanuelle Pireyre</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Darrieussecq" title="Marie Darrieussecq">Marie Darrieussecq</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Volodine" title="Antoine Volodine">Antoine Volodine</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Jablonka" title="Ivan Jablonka">Ivan Jablonka</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Yannick_Haenel" title="Yannick Haenel">Yannick Haenel</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guyotat" title="Pierre Guyotat">Pierre Guyotat</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Luc_Lang" title="Luc Lang">Luc Lang</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Delaume" title="Chloé Delaume">Chloé Delaume</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Christine_Angot" title="Christine Angot">Christine Angot</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Bayamack-Tam" title="Emmanuelle Bayamack-Tam">Emmanuelle Bayamack-Tam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18391#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000008405660X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108176447">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/33631/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyCM6Bh9kxXYWTtKFqvpP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11880975X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79039905">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11929172k">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11929172k">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00460880">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV003951">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35607037">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990009121&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1721701">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/48268">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068376014">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90057312">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000026703&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000080383&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=65688">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199629972">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/jgvxtt7227ljp9l">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810701254205606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269707205171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058594863206706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13979045">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00211935?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/bda50f29-5613-47d8-aa08-5dc954ba634b">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1012848">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11880975X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11880975X">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027196747">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67n11w0">SNAC</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w62b96wf">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elie_Wiesel&oldid=1256097807">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elie_Wiesel&oldid=1256097807</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Nobel Peace Prize laureates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Nobel_laureates" title="Category:American Nobel laureates">American Nobel laureates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanian_Nobel_laureates" title="Category:Romanian Nobel laureates">Romanian Nobel laureates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_novelists" title="Category:20th-century American novelists">20th-century American novelists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_novelists" title="Category:21st-century American novelists">21st-century American novelists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_translators" title="Category:20th-century translators">20th-century translators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_translators" title="Category:21st-century translators">21st-century translators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_activists" title="Category:American activists">American activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_human_rights_activists" title="Category:American human rights activists">American human rights activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_human_rights_activists" title="Category:Jewish human rights activists">Jewish human rights activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_agnostics" title="Category:American agnostics">American agnostics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Federation_of_Teachers_people" title="Category:American Federation of Teachers people">American Federation of Teachers people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Jewish_theologians" title="Category:American Jewish theologians">American Jewish theologians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_male_novelists" title="Category:American male novelists">American male novelists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Hungarian-Jewish_descent" title="Category:American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent">American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Romanian-Jewish_descent" title="Category:American people of Romanian-Jewish descent">American people of Romanian-Jewish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_religious_writers" title="Category:American religious writers">American religious writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_memoirists" title="Category:American memoirists">American memoirists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_American_memoirists" title="Category:Jewish American memoirists">Jewish American memoirists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_American_novelists" title="Category:Jewish American novelists">Jewish American novelists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_writers_about_the_Holocaust" title="Category:American writers about the Holocaust">American writers about the Holocaust</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Auschwitz_concentration_camp_survivors" title="Category:Auschwitz concentration camp survivors">Auschwitz concentration camp survivors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buchenwald_concentration_camp_survivors" title="Category:Buchenwald concentration camp survivors">Buchenwald concentration camp survivors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_concentration_camp_survivors" title="Category:Jewish concentration camp survivors">Jewish concentration camp survivors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_biblical_scholars" title="Category:American biblical scholars">American biblical scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Columbia_University_faculty" title="Category:Columbia University faculty">Columbia University faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boston_University_faculty" title="Category:Boston University faculty">Boston University faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Congressional_Gold_Medal_recipients" title="Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients">Congressional Gold Medal recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hasidic_Judaism" title="Category:Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic Judaism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_agnostics" title="Category:Jewish agnostics">Jewish agnostics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Honorary_Knights_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Category:Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_Commander_of_the_Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Category:Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Madoff_investment_scandal" title="Category:Madoff investment scandal">Madoff investment scandal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="Category:Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters">Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Humanities_Medal_recipients" title="Category:National Humanities Medal recipients">National Humanities Medal recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi-era_ghetto_inmates" title="Category:Nazi-era ghetto inmates">Nazi-era ghetto inmates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novelists_from_Massachusetts" title="Category:Novelists from Massachusetts">Novelists from Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Sighetu_Marma%C8%9Biei" title="Category:People from Sighetu Marmației">People from Sighetu Marmației</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_recipients" title="Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients">Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prix_M%C3%A9dicis_winners" title="Category:Prix Médicis winners">Prix Médicis winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prix_du_Livre_Inter_winners" title="Category:Prix du Livre Inter winners">Prix du Livre Inter winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Distinction_of_Israel" title="Category:Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Distinction of Israel">Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Distinction of Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanian_agnostics" title="Category:Romanian agnostics">Romanian agnostics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanian_emigrants_to_the_United_States" title="Category:Romanian emigrants to the United States">Romanian emigrants to the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanian_Jews" title="Category:Romanian Jews">Romanian Jews</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanian_writers" title="Category:Romanian writers">Romanian writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Holocaust_in_Hungary" title="Category:The Holocaust in Hungary">The Holocaust in Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators_to_Yiddish" title="Category:Translators to Yiddish">Translators to Yiddish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Nations_Messengers_of_Peace" title="Category:United Nations Messengers of Peace">United Nations Messengers of Peace</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Paris_alumni" title="Category:University of Paris alumni">University of Paris alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Victims_of_human_rights_abuses" title="Category:Victims of human rights abuses">Victims of human rights abuses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_on_antisemitism" title="Category:Writers on antisemitism">Writers on antisemitism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yiddish-language_writers" title="Category:Yiddish-language writers">Yiddish-language writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers">21st-century American non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_male_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:American male non-fiction writers">American male non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Kensico_Cemetery" title="Category:Burials at Kensico Cemetery">Burials at Kensico Cemetery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Officers_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Category:Grand Officers of the Order of the Star of Romania">Grand Officers of the Order of the Star of Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_male_writers" title="Category:20th-century American male writers">20th-century American male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_male_writers" title="Category:21st-century American male writers">21st-century American male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1928_births" title="Category:1928 births">1928 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2016_deaths" title="Category:2016 deaths">2016 deaths</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hungarian-language_sources_(hu)" title="Category:CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu)">CS1 Hungarian-language sources (hu)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_August_2023" title="Category:Use American English from August 2023">Use American English from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from August 2023">Use mdy dates from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Yiddish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Yiddish-language text">Articles containing Yiddish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Incomplete_lists_from_November_2011" title="Category:Incomplete lists from November 2011">Incomplete lists from November 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_archiveis_links" title="Category:Webarchive template archiveis links">Webarchive template archiveis links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Open_Library_links" title="Category:Articles with Open Library links">Articles with Open Library links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobelprize_template_using_Wikidata_property_P8024" title="Category:Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024">Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 November 2024, at 05:23 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elie_Wiesel&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-bkqsc","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.971","walltime":"2.343","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12735,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":371787,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13310,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":16,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":559280,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2017.014 1 -total"," 40.23% 811.351 2 Template:Reflist"," 23.01% 464.143 84 Template:Cite_web"," 13.61% 274.607 1 Template:Infobox_writer"," 13.36% 269.422 1 Template:Infobox"," 6.71% 135.342 1 Template:Langx"," 6.22% 125.537 25 Template:Cite_news"," 4.98% 100.410 1 Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_Laureates_1976–2000"," 4.63% 93.290 3 Template:Br_separated_entries"," 4.30% 86.647 1 Template:Elie_Wiesel"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.179","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19376844,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","16.7"],["?","160","11.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","160","11.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","100","6.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","100","6.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","80","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","60","4.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","60","4.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","40","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","2.8"],["[others]","400","27.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-74f675c4bb-m2fdg","timestamp":"20241130110924","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Elie Wiesel","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elie_Wiesel","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q18391","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q18391","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-02-25T00:51:56Z","dateModified":"2024-11-08T05:23:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/da\/ELIE_WIESEL_%285112581267%29.jpg","headline":"Romanian-born American writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate, and Holocaust survivor (1928-2016)"}</script> </body> </html>