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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_(Volk)" title="Thái (Volk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thái (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A1i" title="Thái – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thái" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B)" title="Тхай (халық) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тхай (халық)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajai_(Vietnamas)" title="Tajai (Vietnamas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tajai (Vietnamas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A1i" title="Thái – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thái" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Тхай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тхай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaj" title="Thaj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Thaj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Th%C3%A1i_(Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam)" title="Người Thái (Việt Nam) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Thái (Việt Nam)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%97%8F_(%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97)" title="泰族 (越南) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泰族 (越南)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2600374#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Collective term for various Tai ethnic groups in Vietnam</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thai people</a>, the dominant ethnic group of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Th%C3%A1i_people_(Vietnam)" title="Special:EditPage/Thái people (Vietnam)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Th%C3%A1i+people%22+Vietnam">"Thái people" Vietnam</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Th%C3%A1i+people%22+Vietnam+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Th%C3%A1i+people%22+Vietnam&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Th%C3%A1i+people%22+Vietnam+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Th%C3%A1i+people%22+Vietnam">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Th%C3%A1i+people%22+Vietnam&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thái, Thai</b> or <b>Tai people</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>: <i>Người Thái</i>) are officially recognized by the Vietnamese government as one of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="List of ethnic groups in Vietnam">Vietnam's 54 ethnic groups</a>. They are <a href="/wiki/Tai_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai ethnic groups">Tai ethnic groups</a> that speak various <a href="/wiki/Tai_languages" title="Tai languages">Tai languages</a> and use the <a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet script</a>. They mostly live in the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Vietnam)" title="Northwest (Vietnam)">Northwest Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> and are culturally and linguistically distinguished from other <a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai peoples</a> of Vietnam such as the <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A0y_people" title="Tày people">Tày people</a>, who are natives in the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast Region</a>. In Vietnam, the <i>Thái</i> nomenclature is composed of several Tai groups, of which the main groups are the <b>Black Thai</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_people" title="Tai Dam people">Tai Dam</a>, <i>Thái Đen</i>), <b>White Thai</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tai_D%C3%B3n_people" title="Tai Dón people">Tai Don</a>, <i>Thái Trắng</i>) and the <b>Red Thai</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tai_Daeng_people" title="Tai Daeng people">Tai Daeng</a>, <i>Thái Đỏ</i>). The <a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Tai Lue people</a> are officially classified as a separated group, called <b>Lự</b>. They mostly speak languages in the Chiang Saen branch of the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Tai_languages" title="Southwestern Tai languages">Southwestern Tai languages</a>. Thái people in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> all originate from <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>. However, they (Thái minorities in Vietnam) are also different from the Thai people of Thailand although they are both related and speak <a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai languages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A1i_people_(Vietnam)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai-speaking_peoples" title="Kra–Dai-speaking peoples">Kra–Dai-speaking peoples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dai_people" title="Dai people">Dai people</a></div> <p>The Tai peoples migrated south gradually from <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> to the region and also to <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> during a period between the 7th and 13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They centered in the valley of <a href="/wiki/Muang_Then" title="Muang Then">Muang Thaeng</a> (today's <a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_Bi%C3%AAn_Ph%E1%BB%A7" title="Điện Biên Phủ">Điện Biên Phủ</a>), a place strongly connected to the legend of <a href="/wiki/Khun_Borom" title="Khun Borom">Khun Borom</a>. By the 11th century, the Vietnamese chronicle <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_s%E1%BB%AD_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c" title="Đại Việt sử lược">Đại Việt sử lược</a> recorded the Black Thai had formed a polity in Sơn La called <a href="/wiki/Ng%C6%B0u_H%E1%BB%91ng" title="Ngưu Hống">Ngưu Hống</a> (Chinese: <i>Heishui</i>). The kingdom was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AA_dynasty" title="Lê dynasty">Lê dynasty</a> and incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Dai_Viet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dai Viet">Dai Viet</a>'s territory in the 15th century. </p><p>Like in other Tai societies, the core social units of the Thái in Vietnam were the <a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">village</a> (<i>ban</i>) and the chiefdom (<i><a href="/wiki/Mueang" title="Mueang">mueang</a></i>, Vietnamese: <i>mường</i>), each consisting of several villages and ruled by a <i>Chao</i> lord. The Thái mainly settled in valleys alongside the course of rivers and cultivate rice. A number of these <i>mueang</i> in the region grouped together and formed a long-term alliance, called <a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Sip Song Chau Tai</a> (Twelve Lands of Thai). This federation of <i>Sip Song Chau Tai</i> maintained political autonomy and had tributary relationship with the regional powers, such as China, <a href="/wiki/Lan_Xang" title="Lan Xang">Lan Xang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a> and the dynasties of Vietnam. </p><p>In 1841, the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a> established the town of <a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_Bi%C3%AAn_Ph%E1%BB%A7" title="Điện Biên Phủ">Điện Biên Phủ</a> in the Muang Then Valley as an administrative office (<a href="/wiki/Fu_(administrative_division)" title="Fu (administrative division)">Phủ</a>). This was done for more direct control of the region and to stop bandits who were involved in opium trade.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1888, Sip Song Chau Tai was incorporated into the French protectorate of <a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonkin</a> and became part of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a>. This was arranged by the French explorer and colonial representative <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Pavie" title="Auguste Pavie">Auguste Pavie</a> who signed a treaty with <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A8o_V%C4%83n_Tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Đèo Văn Trị">Đèo Văn Trị</a>, the White Thai lord of Muang Lay (<a href="/wiki/Lai_Ch%C3%A2u" title="Lai Châu">Lai Châu</a>) on 7 April 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The White Thai fought alongside the French in the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a>, against both the communist <a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a> and the nationalist <a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng</a> (VNQDD),<sup id="cite_ref-ThomAdlo_213_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThomAdlo_213-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, the French colonial administration declared the <a href="/wiki/Tai_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Federation">Tai Federation</a> (French: Fédération Thaï, Tai: Phen Din Tai, Vietnamese: Khu tự trị Thái) to be an autonomous region. The Federation was disbanded after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dien_Bien_Phu" title="Battle of Dien Bien Phu">Battle of Dien Bien Phu</a> and the Thái lord <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A8o_V%C4%83n_Long" title="Đèo Văn Long">Đèo Văn Long</a> went into exile in France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A1i_people_(Vietnam)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Tai Dam and the Tai Don mostly live in the provinces of the Northwestern Plateau: <a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_Bi%C3%AAn_province" title="Điện Biên province">Điện Biên</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ch%C3%A2u_province" title="Lai Châu province">Lai Châu</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_La_province" title="Sơn La province">Sơn La</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_B%C3%ACnh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hòa Bình Province">Hoà Bình</a>. The Tai Daeng are found in western part of <a href="/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_An_province" title="Nghệ An province">Nghệ An</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a_province" title="Thanh Hóa province">Thanh Hóa province</a> where they are a major ethnic group. </p><p>According to the 1999 General Survey, there were 1,328,725 Thái people in Vietnam. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Sơn La, they form a majority in the province (54.8%). They are the largest ethnic group in Điện Biên (38%) and Lai Châu (32.3%). </p><p>Other groups include the <a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai_language" title="Phu Thai language">Phu Thai</a> in <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C4%A9nh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Tĩnh Province">Hà Tĩnh</a> and Nghệ An (population: 200,000),<sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Tai_Thanh_language" title="Tai Thanh language">Tay Thanh</a> (Tay Nhai), the <a href="/wiki/Tai_Pao_language" title="Tai Pao language">Thai Yo</a> and the Tày Đà Bắc in <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Hòa Bình province">Hòa Bình</a> province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A1i_people_(Vietnam)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mai Lý Quảng, Glimpses of Vietnam, Nhà xuất bản Thế giới, Hà Nội 2004, tr. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchellingerSalkin1996" class="citation book cs1">Schellinger, Paul; Salkin, Robert, eds. (1996). <i>International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 5: Asia and Oceania</i>. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884964-04-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-884964-04-4"><bdi>1-884964-04-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places%2C+Volume+5%3A+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-884964-04-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATh%C3%A1i+people+%28Vietnam%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean_Michaud2000" class="citation book cs1">Jean Michaud (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gVtcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA59">"A Historical Panorama of the Montagnards in Northern Vietnam under French Rule"</a>. In Michaud, Jean (ed.). <i>Turbulent Times and Enduring Peoples: Mountain Minorities in the South-East Asian Massif</i>. Curzon Press. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7007-1180-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7007-1180-5"><bdi>0-7007-1180-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Historical+Panorama+of+the+Montagnards+in+Northern+Vietnam+under+French+Rule&rft.btitle=Turbulent+Times+and+Enduring+Peoples%3A+Mountain+Minorities+in+the+South-East+Asian+Massif&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Curzon+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7007-1180-5&rft.au=Jean+Michaud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgVtcAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATh%C3%A1i+people+%28Vietnam%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ThomAdlo_213-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ThomAdlo_213_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirginia_ThompsonRichard_Adloff1955" class="citation book cs1">Virginia Thompson; Richard Adloff (1955). <i>Minority Problems in Southeast Asia</i>. Stanford University Press. p. 213.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minority+Problems+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1955&rft.au=Virginia+Thompson&rft.au=Richard+Adloff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATh%C3%A1i+people+%28Vietnam%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=407&idmid=4&ItemID=1346">http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=407&idmid=4&ItemID=1346</a> Kết quả Tổng điều tra dân số năm 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnologue-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="//www.ethnologue.com/language/pht" class="extiw" title="ethnologue:pht">Phu Thai.</a></i> In: <i>Ethnologue. Languages of the World.</i> 17. Auflage, 2014 (Online-Version).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam_by_language_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam_by_language_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Vietnam">Ethnic groups in Vietnam</a> by <a href="/wiki/Vietnam#Languages" title="Vietnam">language family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietic_languages" title="Vietic languages">Vietic</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A9t_people" title="Chứt people">Chứt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muong_people" title="Muong people">Mường</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ngu%E1%BB%93n_language" title="Nguồn language">Nguồn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%95_people" title="Thổ people">Thổ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Việt (Kinh)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Austroasiatic (non-Vietic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahnar_people" title="Bahnar people">Ba Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brau_people" title="Brau people">Brâu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bru_people" title="Bru people">Bru-Vân Kiều</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_people" title="Cor people">Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katu_people" title="Katu people">Cơ Tu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gie_Trieng_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Gie Trieng people">Giẻ Triêng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%27re_people" title="H're people">Hrê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Khang people">Kháng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khơ Mú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mang people">Mảng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnong_people" title="Mnong people">M'Nông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stieng_people" title="Stieng people">Xtiêng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koho_people" title="Koho people">Cơ Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1_people" title="Mạ people">Mạ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cho_Ro_people" title="Cho Ro people">Chơ Ro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Du_people" title="O Du people">Ơ Đu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%A1_M%C4%83m_people" title="Rơ Măm people">Rơ Măm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta_Oi_people" title="Ta Oi people">Tà Ôi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksingmul_people" title="Ksingmul people">Xinh Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xo_Dang_people" title="Xo Dang people">Xơ Đăng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Krom" title="Khmer Krom">Khmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Dao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Dao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">H'Mông/Mông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_Then_people" title="Pa Then people">Pà Thẻn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Tai–Kadai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_people" title="Bouyei people">Bố Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gi%C3%A1y_people" title="Giáy people">Giáy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_people" title="Lao people">Lào</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Lự</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Chay_people" title="San Chay people">Sán Chay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tay people">Tày</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thái</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_people" title="Tai Dam people">Thái Đen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Daeng_people" title="Tai Daeng people">Thái Đỏ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_D%C3%B3n_people" title="Tai Dón people">Thái Trắng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai_language" title="Phu Thai language">Phu Thái</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Thanh_language" title="Tai Thanh language">Tày Thanh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Pao_language" title="Tai Pao language">Thái Hàng Tổng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelao_people" title="Gelao people">Cơ Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachi_people" title="Lachi people">La Chí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laha_people" title="Laha people">La Ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_people" title="Qabiao people">Pu Péo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_people" title="Sui people">Thủy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoa_people" title="Hoa people">Hoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A1i_people" title="Ngái people">Ngái</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diu_people" title="San Diu people">Sán Dìu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phunoi_people" title="Phunoi people">Cống</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hà Nhì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">La Hủ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B4_L%C3%B4_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lô Lô people">Lô Lô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B9_L%C3%A1_people" title="Phù Lá people">Phù Lá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_La_people" title="Si La people">Si La</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Chăm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churu_people" title="Churu people">Chu Ru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_people" title="Rade people">Ê Đê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarai_people" title="Jarai people">Gia Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raglai_people" title="Raglai people">Raglai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Expatriate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Vietnam" title="Indians in Vietnam">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people_in_Vietnam" title="Japanese people in Vietnam">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Vietnam" title="Koreans in Vietnam">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Vietnam" title="History of the Jews in Vietnam">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerians_in_Vietnam" title="Nigerians in Vietnam">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_expatriates_in_Vietnam" title="Taiwanese expatriates in Vietnam">Taiwanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Italic</i> – Not officially recognized</span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Vietnam">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thái_people_(Vietnam)&oldid=1242659129">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thái_people_(Vietnam)&oldid=1242659129</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tai_peoples" 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