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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82.jpg/220px-%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82.jpg/330px-%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82.jpg/440px-%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>I had to decide whether I would be a lawyer by profession and a revolutionary at intervals, or a revolutionary by profession and a lawyer at intervals.</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" class="extiw" title="w:Eleftherios Venizelos">Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/23_August" class="mw-redirect" title="23 August">23 August</a> <a href="/wiki/1864" class="mw-disambig" title="1864">1864</a> – <a href="/wiki/18_March" class="mw-redirect" title="18 March">18 March</a> <a href="/wiki/1936" class="mw-disambig" title="1936">1936</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> politician. He was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="extiw" title="w:Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" class="extiw" title="w:Greece">Greece</a> during 1910-15, 1917-20 and 1928-32. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotes">Quotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eleftherios_Venizelos&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Quotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venizelos_lit_une_adresse_au_roi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Venizelos_lit_une_adresse_au_roi.jpg/220px-Venizelos_lit_une_adresse_au_roi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Venizelos_lit_une_adresse_au_roi.jpg/330px-Venizelos_lit_une_adresse_au_roi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Venizelos_lit_une_adresse_au_roi.jpg/440px-Venizelos_lit_une_adresse_au_roi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="1185" /></a><figcaption>A party should be founded not merely on numbers, but on moral principles.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kountouriotis_and_crew_on_the_deck_of_Averof.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Kountouriotis_and_crew_on_the_deck_of_Averof.jpeg/220px-Kountouriotis_and_crew_on_the_deck_of_Averof.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Kountouriotis_and_crew_on_the_deck_of_Averof.jpeg/330px-Kountouriotis_and_crew_on_the_deck_of_Averof.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Kountouriotis_and_crew_on_the_deck_of_Averof.jpeg/440px-Kountouriotis_and_crew_on_the_deck_of_Averof.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>Greece expects you not merely to die for her; she expects you to conquer.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venizelos_WWI_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Venizelos_WWI_1918.jpg/220px-Venizelos_WWI_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Venizelos_WWI_1918.jpg/330px-Venizelos_WWI_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Venizelos_WWI_1918.jpg/440px-Venizelos_WWI_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>I shall fight them!</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:158_14_Constantin_Venizelos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/158_14_Constantin_Venizelos.jpg/220px-158_14_Constantin_Venizelos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/158_14_Constantin_Venizelos.jpg/330px-158_14_Constantin_Venizelos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/158_14_Constantin_Venizelos.jpg/440px-158_14_Constantin_Venizelos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>When he is with me, I confess that his arguments are so convincing that I quickly begin to imagine that they are my own. ~ King Constantine I</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eleftherios_Venizelos_1930_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Eleftherios_Venizelos_1930_%282%29.JPG/220px-Eleftherios_Venizelos_1930_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Eleftherios_Venizelos_1930_%282%29.JPG/330px-Eleftherios_Venizelos_1930_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Eleftherios_Venizelos_1930_%282%29.JPG/440px-Eleftherios_Venizelos_1930_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption>All my life with all my heart I wanted the union of Crete and Greece.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Political_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Political party">party</a> should be founded not merely on numbers, but on moral principles, without which it can neither accomplish useful work nor inspire confidence. <ul><li>In <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFGibbons1920">Gibbons, H. A. (1920). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=DVMlZtkx5bwC">Venizelos, Modern Statesmen Series</a></i>. Houghton Mifflin Company.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venizelos%2C+Modern+Statesmen+Series&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=H.+A.&rft.au=Gibbons%2C+H.+A.&rft.date=1920&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDVMlZtkx5bwC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Eleftherios_Venizelos"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, p. 17</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrality" title="Neutrality">Neutrality</a> is not <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a>. <ul><li>Eleftherios Venizelos in:. <i>Histoire diplomatique de la Grèce de 1821 à nos jours.</i> tome V, Edouard Driault et Michel Lheritier, éd. PUF, 1926, p. 164; Venizelos about the decision of Constantine I to keep Greece neutral during WWI.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> expects you not merely to die for her, for that is little, indeed; she expects you to conquer. That is why each one of you, even in dying, should be possessed by one thought alone – how to conserve your strength to the last so that those who survive may <a href="/wiki/Conquest" title="Conquest">conquer</a>.<br /> And you will conquer, I am more than sure of this. <ul><li>in: <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFChester1921">Chester, S. M. (1921). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/download/lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft/lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.pdf">Life of Venizelos, with a letter from His Excellency M. Venizelos</a></i>. London: Constable.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Venizelos%2C+with+a+letter+from+His+Excellency+M.+Venizelos&rft.aulast=Chester&rft.aufirst=S.+M.&rft.au=Chester%2C+S.+M.&rft.date=1921&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Constable&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdownload%2Flifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft%2Flifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Eleftherios_Venizelos"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, p. 162</li> <li>Venizelos speaking to Greek sailors at the beginning of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Balkan_War" class="extiw" title="w:First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Salonique à tout prix!</b> <ul><li>in: <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFChester1921">Chester, S. M. (1921). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/download/lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft/lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.pdf">Life of Venizelos, with a letter from His Excellency M. Venizelos</a></i>. London: Constable.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Venizelos%2C+with+a+letter+from+His+Excellency+M.+Venizelos&rft.aulast=Chester&rft.aufirst=S.+M.&rft.au=Chester%2C+S.+M.&rft.date=1921&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Constable&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdownload%2Flifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft%2Flifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Eleftherios_Venizelos"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, p. 159</li> <li>A message sent to the General Staff during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Balkan_War" class="extiw" title="w:First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>, to insure that the Greek army will capture <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a> at all costs.</li></ul></li> <li>I had to decide [he said later] whether I would be a <a href="/wiki/Lawyers" title="Lawyers">lawyer</a> by profession and a <a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">revolutionary</a> at intervals, or a revolutionary by profession and a lawyer at intervals. <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBagger1922">Bagger, E. S. (1922). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/download/eminenteuropeans00bagg/eminenteuropeans00bagg.pdf">Eminent Europeans; studies in continental reality</a></i>. G.P. Putnam's Sons.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eminent+Europeans%3B+studies+in+continental+reality&rft.aulast=Bagger&rft.aufirst=E.+S.&rft.au=Bagger%2C+E.+S.&rft.date=1922&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdownload%2Feminenteuropeans00bagg%2Feminenteuropeans00bagg.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Eleftherios_Venizelos"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, p. 61</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> policy is invariably the maintenance of the status quo, and you will do nothing for the subject races unless we, by taking initiative, make you realize that helping us against the <a href="/wiki/Turks" title="Turks">Turks</a> is the lesser of the evils. <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFBagger1922">Bagger, E. S. (1922). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/download/eminenteuropeans00bagg/eminenteuropeans00bagg.pdf">Eminent Europeans; studies in continental reality</a></i>. G.P. Putnam's Sons.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eminent+Europeans%3B+studies+in+continental+reality&rft.aulast=Bagger&rft.aufirst=E.+S.&rft.au=Bagger%2C+E.+S.&rft.date=1922&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdownload%2Feminenteuropeans00bagg%2Feminenteuropeans00bagg.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Eleftherios_Venizelos"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, p. 67 and Gibbons, 1920, p. 27</li> <li>Venizelos' answer to the question <i>"Why don't you trust us implicitly?"</i>, made by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">British naval officer</a> during the Cretan revolt in 1897. After the answer the <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">Englishman</a> replied <i>"Damn it, the beggar is right!"</i> and continued, <i>"and I hope we shan't have to shoot him!"</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> in all her wars has always gained one battle - the last! <ul><li><i>The World Crisis, The Aftermath</i> : Chapter XVIII (Greek Tragedy), Churchill, Butterworth (1929), p. 381.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>All my life with all my heart I wanted the union of <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> and Greece. I wanted it to be sustained by profound mutual affection. I swear that was my only desire...Greece will never see me again.</b> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,748601-1,00.html">Farewell to Venizelos</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)" class="extiw" title="w:Time (magazine)">Time magazine</a> (Monday, Mar. 25, 1935). ; Venizelos at the final years of his life.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Victory_of_Venizelos_(1920)"><span id="Victory_of_Venizelos_.281920.29"></span><i>Victory of Venizelos (1920)</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eleftherios_Venizelos&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Victory of Venizelos (1920)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eleftherios Venizelos in: <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFSeligman1920">Seligman, V. J. (1920). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/download/victoryofvenizel005638mbp/victoryofvenizel005638mbp.pdf">Victory of Venizelos</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victory+of+Venizelos&rft.aulast=Seligman&rft.aufirst=V.+J.&rft.au=Seligman%2C+V.+J.&rft.date=1920&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdownload%2Fvictoryofvenizel005638mbp%2Fvictoryofvenizel005638mbp.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Eleftherios_Venizelos"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </p> <ul><li><b>One cannot kick against <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>!</b> <ul><li>p. 31 ; Part of Venizelos' arguments with king Constantine why Greece should join with the Allies in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Of course the King is mistaken. But is natural that he should be frighten of taking the plunge. We have lost a great opportunity by not intervening at once. But later the King may change his mind, and it may be not too late. <ul><li>p. 176 ; After one of the many attempts of Venizelos to persuade King Constantine, that Greece should join the Allies in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" class="extiw" title="w:World War I">World War I</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>I shall fight them!</b> <ul><li>p. 178 ; In reply to the question, <i>"What if you find German troops barring the way?"</i> from the pro-German Greek MP <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios_Theotokis" class="extiw" title="w:Georgios Theotokis">Theotokis</a> in the House. Later, Venizelos was dismissed from office.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>I do not wish to depreciate his great gifts and attainments in a country which unfortunately, if I may say so without offense, is suffering from a temporary lack of leading men." <ul><li>p. 165; In discussing the responsibility of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandros_Zaimis" class="extiw" title="w:Alexandros Zaimis">Zaimis</a>, Venizelos himself remarked in the Greek Chamber.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotes_about">Quotes about</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eleftherios_Venizelos&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Quotes about"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>I am not going to talk of the grandeur of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acropolis" class="extiw" title="w:Acropolis">Acropolis</a>, nor do I intend to torment you with a lecture on <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a>. I have been to see strange and picturesque lands, among them Crete. You will never guess, though, my most interesting discovery in the island, one more interesting by far than the splendours of the excavations. I will tell you. A young advocate, a M. Venezuelos . . . Venizelos? Frankly, I cannot quite recall his name, but the whole of Europe will be speaking of him in a few years. <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFChester1921">Chester, S. M. (1921). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/download/lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft/lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.pdf">Life of Venizelos, with a letter from His Excellency M. Venizelos</a></i>. London: Constable.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Venizelos%2C+with+a+letter+from+His+Excellency+M.+Venizelos&rft.aulast=Chester&rft.aufirst=S.+M.&rft.au=Chester%2C+S.+M.&rft.date=1921&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Constable&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdownload%2Flifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft%2Flifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Eleftherios_Venizelos"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, p. 5</li> <li>The impressions of M. Clemenceau after his return from Greece in 1899 (11 years before Venizelos become Prime Minister).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>When he is with me, I confess that his arguments are so convincing that I quickly begin to imagine that they are my own. <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFChester1921">Chester, S. M. (1921). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/download/lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft/lifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.pdf">Life of Venizelos, with a letter from His Excellency M. Venizelos</a></i>. London: Constable.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Venizelos%2C+with+a+letter+from+His+Excellency+M.+Venizelos&rft.aulast=Chester&rft.aufirst=S.+M.&rft.au=Chester%2C+S.+M.&rft.date=1921&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Constable&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdownload%2Flifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft%2Flifeofvenizelosw00chesuoft.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Eleftherios_Venizelos"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, p. 6</li> <li>King Constantine reported to have said this for Venizelos.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>It was in fact more plausible for the <a href="/wiki/Turks" title="Turks">Turks</a> to portray the <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> as a fifth column, since the Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos strongly favoured Greek intervention on the side of the Entente powers and, although King <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Constantine I of Greece">Constantine</a> resisted until finally driven to <a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">abdicate</a> in June 1917, the presence of an <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Anglo</a>-<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> force at <a href="/wiki/Salonika" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonika">Salonika</a> from October 1915 cast doubt on the credibility of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Neutrality" title="Neutrality">neutrality</a>. Viewed from Salonika, the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> was the Third Balkan War, with <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> joining <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> in the rout of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>; indeed, it was to shore up the disintegrating Serbian position that the Entente powers had sent their troops to Salonika. It was too late. The Anglo-French force remained penned in, unable, despite Greece's belated entry into the war, to prevent the German-Bulgarian defeat of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> in 1917. Yet the final phase of the war saw a collapse as complete as that suffered by the <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a> on the Western Front. An offensive on the Salonika Front forced Bulgaria to sue for peace on September 25,1918; six days later the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British</a> marched into <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, having defeated the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Turkish</a> army in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niall_Ferguson" title="Niall Ferguson">Niall Ferguson</a>, <i>The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West</i> (2006), p. 180-181</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>On October 30 the Turks surrendered. For Venizelos it was a moment of intoxicating triumph. He had begun his political career by leading the revolt that had driven the Turks out of Crete; he had led Greece to victory in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_Wars" class="extiw" title="w:Balkan Wars">First and Second Balkan Wars</a>; he had finally got his way over the Third, and won that too. Now he saw an opportunity to extend Greek power further, from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9loponn%C3%A8se" class="extiw" title="w:Péloponnèse">Péloponnèse</a> across the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegean_Sea" class="extiw" title="w:Aegean Sea">Aegean</a> to <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> itself. It was in fact the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a> that initially encouraged Greek forces to occupy <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smyrna" class="extiw" title="w:Smyrna">Smyrna</a>. <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a>'s motive was to forestall <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> moves to annex the city; mutinous Italian troops, led by the flamboyant <a href="/wiki/Poets" title="Poets">poet</a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_D%27Annunzio" title="Gabriele D'Annunzio">Gabriele D'Annunzio</a>, had already acted unilaterally by occupying Fiume on the Adriatic in defiance of the other members of the Big Four. At first the campaign went the <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>' way. They advanced deep into Anatolia. In the best traditions of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">classical Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama">drama</a>, however, <a href="/wiki/Hubris" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubris">hubris</a> was soon followed by <a href="/wiki/Nemesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemesis">nemesis</a>. The crisis of defeat had led to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" class="extiw" title="w:Turkish War of Independence">revolution</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. In April 1920 a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" class="extiw" title="w:Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Grand National Assembly</a> was established in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, which repudiated the Treaty of Sèvres and offered the post of <a href="/wiki/President" title="President">President</a> to the fair-haired, blue-eyed, hard-drinking General <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal</a>. Almost simultaneously, Venizelos fell from power in Athens and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> and Italians withdrew their support for the Greek expedition. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niall_Ferguson" title="Niall Ferguson">Niall Ferguson</a>, <i>The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West</i> (2006), pp. 181-182</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>When the two of us are alone and we disagree, Venizelos never convinces me! If we are three of us, I begin to waver. The moment he address several people, at cabinet meeting for instance, it often happens that I am carried away too, along with the others!</b> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFKitromilides2006">Kitromilides, P. (2006). <i>Eleftherios Venizelos: The Trials of Statesmanship</i>. Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0748624783" title="Special:BookSources/0748624783">ISBN 0748624783</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eleftherios+Venizelos%3A+The+Trials+of+Statesmanship&rft.aulast=Kitromilides&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Kitromilides%2C+P.&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.isbn=0748624783&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Eleftherios_Venizelos"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, p. 175 ; Minister <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios_Streit" class="extiw" title="w:Georgios Streit">Georgios Steit</a> describing the persuasiveness ability of Venizelos.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>More dangerously, the past held the promise of a reborn Greek empire. Eleutherios Venizelos, the leading Greek statesman at the time of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, once gathered his friends around a map and drew the outlines of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>, at the height of its influence, across the modern borders. His outline included most of modern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, a good part of <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, and most of the islands of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" class="extiw" title="w:Eastern Mediterranean">eastern Mediterranean</a>. (He could have but did not also include parts of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.) Under the influence of that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megali_Idea" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Megali Idea">great (megali) idea</a>, he sent Greek soldiers to Asia Minor in 1919 to stake out Greece’s claims. The result was a catastrophe for the Greek armies and for all those innocent Greeks who had lived for generations in what became modern Turkey. As the resurgent Turkish armies under <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Kemal Atatürk</a> pressed the Greek forces back, hundreds of thousands of bewildered <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a>, many ofwhom barely knew <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, followed them. In turn, huge numbers of Turks, many distinguished from their Greek neighbours only by <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">their religion</a>, abandoned their homes and villages for Turkey. The events of those years have in turn become part of history and have poisoned relations between Greece and Turkey up to the present. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_MacMillan" title="Margaret MacMillan">Margaret MacMillan</a>, <i>The Uses and Abuses of History</i> (2008)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Venizelos and <a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Lenin</a> are the only two really great men in Europe. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Nicolson" title="Harold Nicolson">Harold Nicolson</a>, <i>Peacemaking</i>, 1919, p. 251 (from a letter to his father)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Merely the fact that his name has been so dominant among all citizens of this country - with his supporters known as Venizelists and his opponents as anti-Venizelists - testifies to the significance of the deceased and the role he played.</b> <ul><li>Mathiopoulos, Basil P (28/10/2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.athensnews.gr/athweb/nathens.print_unique?e=C&f=13154&m=A06&aa=1&eidos=S">A fitting tribute to Venizelos</a>. Athens News.</li> <li>On March 1936, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" class="extiw" title="w:Ioannis Metaxas">Ioannis Metaxas</a>, an opponent of Venizelos, speaking at a special session of parliament convened to honour Eleftherios Venizelos' contribution.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eleftherios_Venizelos&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/75px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/100px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption>Wikipedia</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> has an article about: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleftherios_Venizelos" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Eleftherios Venizelos">Eleftherios Venizelos</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.venizelos-foundation.gr/indexen.jsp">National Research Foundation: Eleftherios K. 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