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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Side_tank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Side_tank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Side tank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Side_tank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saddle_tank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saddle_tank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Saddle tank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saddle_tank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pannier_tank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pannier_tank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Pannier tank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pannier_tank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Well_tank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Well_tank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Well tank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Well_tank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rear_tank_(or_back_tank)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rear_tank_(or_back_tank)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Rear tank (or back tank)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rear_tank_(or_back_tank)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wing_tank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wing_tank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Wing tank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wing_tank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inverted_saddle_tank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inverted_saddle_tank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Inverted saddle tank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inverted_saddle_tank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tender-tank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tender-tank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Tender-tank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tender-tank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combinations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combinations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Combinations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combinations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locomotive_classification_and_wheel_arrangement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locomotive_classification_and_wheel_arrangement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Locomotive classification and wheel arrangement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Locomotive_classification_and_wheel_arrangement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Locomotive classification and wheel arrangement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Locomotive_classification_and_wheel_arrangement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Whyte_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whyte_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Whyte classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whyte_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UIC_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UIC_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>UIC classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UIC_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuel_bunker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuel_bunker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fuel bunker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuel_bunker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_types_of_tank_locomotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_types_of_tank_locomotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other types of tank locomotive</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_types_of_tank_locomotive-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other types of tank locomotive subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_types_of_tank_locomotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Garratt_locomotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Garratt_locomotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Garratt locomotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Garratt_locomotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crane_tank_locomotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crane_tank_locomotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Crane tank locomotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crane_tank_locomotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Streamlined_tank_locomotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Streamlined_tank_locomotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Streamlined tank locomotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Streamlined_tank_locomotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contractor's_locomotive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contractor's_locomotive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Contractor's locomotive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contractor's_locomotive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Steam_tram_engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steam_tram_engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Steam tram engines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steam_tram_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vertical_boiler_locomotives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vertical_boiler_locomotives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Vertical boiler locomotives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vertical_boiler_locomotives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advantages_and_disadvantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advantages_and_disadvantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Advantages and disadvantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advantages_and_disadvantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Popularity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tank locomotive</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenderlokomotive" title="Tenderlokomotive – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tenderlokomotive" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قاطرة خزان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاطرة خزان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Танк-паравоз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Танк-паравоз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenderlokomotiv" title="Tenderlokomotiv – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tenderlokomotiv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenderlokomotive" title="Tenderlokomotive – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tenderlokomotive" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotora_con_dep%C3%B3sito_incorporado" title="Locomotora con depósito incorporado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Locomotora con depósito incorporado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotive-tender" title="Locomotive-tender – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Locomotive-tender" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%B1%ED%81%AC%EC%8B%9D_%EC%A6%9D%EA%B8%B0_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80%EC%B0%A8" title="탱크식 증기 기관차 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탱크식 증기 기관차" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotiva-tender" title="Locomotiva-tender – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Locomotiva-tender" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szertart%C3%A1lyos_g%C5%91zmozdony" title="Szertartályos gőzmozdony – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szertartályos gőzmozdony" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2%E8%BB%8A" title="タンク機関車 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タンク機関車" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanklokomotiv" title="Tanklokomotiv – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tanklokomotiv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendrzak" title="Tendrzak – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tendrzak" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Танк-паровоз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Танк-паровоз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tankkiveturi" title="Tankkiveturi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tankkiveturi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanklok" title="Tanklok – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tanklok" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Танк-паровоз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Танк-паровоз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q785745#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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locomotive</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Steam locomotive which carries its fuel and water onboard</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tank engine" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tank_engine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tank engine (disambiguation)">Tank engine (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LBSCR_J1_class.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/LBSCR_J1_class.jpg/300px-LBSCR_J1_class.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/LBSCR_J1_class.jpg/450px-LBSCR_J1_class.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/LBSCR_J1_class.jpg/600px-LBSCR_J1_class.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/LB%26SCR_J1_class" class="mw-redirect" title="LB&SCR J1 class">LB&SCR J1 class</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>tank locomotive</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a> which carries its water in one or more on-board <a href="/wiki/Water_tank" title="Water tank">water tanks</a>, instead of a more traditional <a href="/wiki/Tender_(rail)" title="Tender (rail)">tender</a>. Most tank engines also have <a href="/wiki/Fuel_bunker" title="Fuel bunker">bunkers</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Fuel_tank" title="Fuel tank">fuel tanks</a>) to hold fuel; in a <a href="#Tender-tank">tender-tank</a> locomotive a tender holds some or all of the fuel, and may hold some water also. </p><p>There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by the position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for <a href="/wiki/Shunting_(rail)" title="Shunting (rail)">shunting</a> and shorter-distance <a href="/wiki/Main_line_(railway)" title="Main line (railway)">main line</a> duties. </p><p>Tank locomotives have <a href="#Advantages_and_disadvantages">advantages and disadvantages</a> compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drawing_of_Novelty.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Drawing_of_Novelty.png/220px-Drawing_of_Novelty.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Drawing_of_Novelty.png/330px-Drawing_of_Novelty.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Drawing_of_Novelty.png/440px-Drawing_of_Novelty.png 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1182" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of the Novelty showing the large well tank between the wheels and below the frame</figcaption></figure><p> The first tank locomotive was the <a href="/wiki/Novelty_(locomotive)" title="Novelty (locomotive)"><i>Novelty</i></a> that ran at the Rainhill Trials in 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was an example of a <i>well tank</i>. However, the more common form of <i>side tank</i> date from the 1840s; one of the first of these was supplied by <a href="/wiki/George_England_and_Co." title="George England and Co.">George England and Co.</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Cross" title="New Cross">New Cross</a> to the contractors building the <a href="/wiki/Seaford_branch_line" title="Seaford branch line">Seaford branch line</a> for the <a href="/wiki/London_Brighton_and_South_Coast_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="London Brighton and South Coast Railway">London Brighton and South Coast Railway</a> in 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of the early belief that such locomotives were inherently unsafe,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the idea quickly caught on, particularly for industrial use and five manufacturers exhibited designs at <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Exhibition" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Exhibition">The Great Exhibition</a> in 1851. These were <a href="/wiki/E._B._Wilson_and_Company" title="E. B. Wilson and Company">E. B. Wilson and Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Fairbairn_%26_Sons" title="William Fairbairn & Sons">William Fairbairn & Sons</a>, George England, <a href="/wiki/Kitson_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Kitson & Co.">Kitson Thompson and Hewitson</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Bridges_Adams" title="William Bridges Adams">William Bridges Adams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the mid-1850s tank locomotives were to be found performing a variety of <a href="/wiki/Main_line_(railway)" title="Main line (railway)">main line</a> and industrial roles, particularly those involving shorter journeys or frequent changes in direction.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types"><span class="anchor" id="Types_of_tank_locomotive"></span>Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a number of types of tank locomotive, based on the location and style of the water tanks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Side_tank"><span class="anchor" id="Side_tank"></span>Side tank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Side tank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Side tanks</b> are <a href="/wiki/Cuboid" title="Cuboid">cuboid</a>-shaped tanks which are situated on both sides of the <a href="/wiki/Locomotive_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Locomotive boiler">boiler</a>, extending all or part of the boiler's length.<sup id="cite_ref-Horner1892_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horner1892-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tank sides extend down to the running platform, if such is present, for at least part of their length.<sup id="cite_ref-loco-cyc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loco-cyc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a common configuration in the UK. </p><p>The length of side tanks was often limited in order to give access to the <a href="/wiki/Valve_gear" title="Valve gear">valve gear</a> (inside motion). Tanks that ran the full length of the boiler provided greater water capacity and, in this case, cut-outs in the rectangular tank gave access to the valve gear. Longer side tanks were sometimes tapered downwards at the front to improve forward visibility. Side tanks almost all stopped at, or before, the end of the boiler barrel, with the smokebox protruding ahead. A few designs did reach to the front of the smokebox and these were termed 'flatirons'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 223.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 221.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Network_150_Day_-_LSWR_Class_M7_tank_loco_No._245_(front_view)_(geograph-1679880).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A LSWR M7 Class, typical side tank locomotive from 1897"><img alt="A LSWR M7 Class, typical side tank locomotive from 1897" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Network_150_Day_-_LSWR_Class_M7_tank_loco_No._245_%28front_view%29_%28geograph-1679880%29.jpg/332px-Network_150_Day_-_LSWR_Class_M7_tank_loco_No._245_%28front_view%29_%28geograph-1679880%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Network_150_Day_-_LSWR_Class_M7_tank_loco_No._245_%28front_view%29_%28geograph-1679880%29.jpg/499px-Network_150_Day_-_LSWR_Class_M7_tank_loco_No._245_%28front_view%29_%28geograph-1679880%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Network_150_Day_-_LSWR_Class_M7_tank_loco_No._245_%28front_view%29_%28geograph-1679880%29.jpg/664px-Network_150_Day_-_LSWR_Class_M7_tank_loco_No._245_%28front_view%29_%28geograph-1679880%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="694" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/LSWR_M7_Class" class="mw-redirect" title="LSWR M7 Class">LSWR M7 Class</a>, typical side tank locomotive from 1897</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tank_engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An example with a tapered front and cut-out to give access to the valve gear"><img alt="An example with a tapered front and cut-out to give access to the valve gear" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tank_engine.jpg/318px-Tank_engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Tank_engine.jpg/478px-Tank_engine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Tank_engine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="428" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An example with a tapered front and cut-out to give access to the valve gear</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saddle_tank"><span class="anchor" id="Saddle_tank"></span>Saddle tank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Saddle tank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The water tank sits on top of the boiler like a <a href="/wiki/Saddle" title="Saddle">saddle</a> sits atop a horse.<sup id="cite_ref-Horner1892_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horner1892-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usually, the tank is curved in cross-section, although in some cases there were straight sides surmounted by a curve (like an inverted 'U'), or even an <a href="/wiki/Ogee" title="Ogee">ogee</a> shape (a concave arc flowing into a convex arc).<sup id="cite_ref-Edgar2019_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edgar2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walter Nielson patented the saddle tank arrangement in 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-Nokes1899_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nokes1899-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saddle tanks were a popular arrangement especially for smaller locomotives in industrial use. It gave a greater water supply, but limited the size of the boiler and restricted access to it for cleaning. Furthermore, the locomotive has a higher <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre of gravity">centre of gravity</a> and hence must operate at lower speeds. The driver's vision may also be restricted, again restricting the safe speed. </p><p>The squared-off shape of the <a href="/wiki/Belpaire_firebox" title="Belpaire firebox">Belpaire firebox</a> does not fit easily beneath a saddle tank, and so most saddle tanks retained the older <a href="/wiki/Round-topped_boiler" title="Round-topped boiler">round-topped boiler</a> instead. A few American locomotives used saddle tanks that only covered the boiler barrel, forward of the firebox. </p><p>Water in the tank is slightly pre-heated by the boiler, which reduces the loss of pressure found when cold feedwater is injected into the boiler. However, if the water becomes too hot, injectors lose efficiency and can fail. For this reason, the tanks often stopped short of the hotter and uninsulated <a href="/wiki/Smokebox" title="Smokebox">smokebox</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MRSR17.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Large USA 2-8-2ST. Note the short tank, avoiding both firebox and smokebox"><img alt="Large USA 2-8-2ST. Note the short tank, avoiding both firebox and smokebox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/MRSR17.jpg/300px-MRSR17.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/MRSR17.jpg/451px-MRSR17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/MRSR17.jpg/600px-MRSR17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Large USA <a href="/wiki/2-8-2" title="2-8-2">2-8-2</a>ST. Note the short tank, avoiding both firebox and smokebox</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saddle-Tank_Engine_Portbury_Bristol_Harbour_Railway.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A typical curved-shaped saddle tank, covering both firebox and smokebox"><img alt="A typical curved-shaped saddle tank, covering both firebox and smokebox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Saddle-Tank_Engine_Portbury_Bristol_Harbour_Railway.jpg/339px-Saddle-Tank_Engine_Portbury_Bristol_Harbour_Railway.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Saddle-Tank_Engine_Portbury_Bristol_Harbour_Railway.jpg/509px-Saddle-Tank_Engine_Portbury_Bristol_Harbour_Railway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Saddle-Tank_Engine_Portbury_Bristol_Harbour_Railway.jpg/677px-Saddle-Tank_Engine_Portbury_Bristol_Harbour_Railway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A typical curved-shaped saddle tank, covering both firebox and smokebox</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WHR_Irish_Mail_at_Porthmadog_05-08-10_34.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Hunslet Alice Class saddle tank with both straight sides and a protruding smokebox"><img alt="A Hunslet Alice Class saddle tank with both straight sides and a protruding smokebox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/WHR_Irish_Mail_at_Porthmadog_05-08-10_34.jpeg/276px-WHR_Irish_Mail_at_Porthmadog_05-08-10_34.jpeg" decoding="async" width="184" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/WHR_Irish_Mail_at_Porthmadog_05-08-10_34.jpeg/415px-WHR_Irish_Mail_at_Porthmadog_05-08-10_34.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/WHR_Irish_Mail_at_Porthmadog_05-08-10_34.jpeg/552px-WHR_Irish_Mail_at_Porthmadog_05-08-10_34.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1222" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Hunslet_Engine_Company" title="Hunslet Engine Company">Hunslet</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinorwic_Alice_Class" title="Dinorwic Alice Class">Alice Class</a> saddle tank with both straight sides and a protruding smokebox</div> </li> </ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saddle_tank_locomotives" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Saddle tank locomotives">Saddle tank locomotives</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pannier_tank"><span class="anchor" id="Pannier_tank"></span>Pannier tank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pannier tank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3738_Didcot_Railway_Centre_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/3738_Didcot_Railway_Centre_%285%29.jpg/220px-3738_Didcot_Railway_Centre_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/3738_Didcot_Railway_Centre_%285%29.jpg/330px-3738_Didcot_Railway_Centre_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/3738_Didcot_Railway_Centre_%285%29.jpg/440px-3738_Didcot_Railway_Centre_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4020" data-file-height="2790" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/GWR_5700_Class" title="GWR 5700 Class">GWR 57xx class</a> pannier tank locomotive</figcaption></figure> <p>Pannier tanks are box-shaped tanks carried on the sides of the boiler, not carried on the locomotive's running plates. This leaves a space between the tanks and the running plate. Pannier tanks have a lower centre of gravity than a <a href="#Saddle_tank">saddle tank</a>, whilst still giving the same easy access to the valve gear. Pannier tanks are so-named because the tanks are in a similar position to the <a href="/wiki/Pannier" title="Pannier">panniers</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Pack_animal" title="Pack animal">pack animal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones2014_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones2014-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pannier_tank_locomotives" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pannier tank locomotives">Pannier tank locomotives</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belgium">Belgium</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, pannier tanks were in use at least since 1866, once again in conjunction with Belpaire firebox. Locomotives were built for the Belgian State and for <i>la Société Générale d'Exploitatation (SGE)</i>, a private company grouping smaller secondary lines.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, pannier tank locomotives were used almost exclusively by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western Railway</a>. The first <a href="/wiki/GWR_0-6-0PT" title="GWR 0-6-0PT">Great Western pannier tanks</a> were converted from saddle tank locomotives<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when these were being rebuilt in the early 1900s with the <a href="/wiki/Belpaire_firebox" title="Belpaire firebox">Belpaire firebox</a>. There were difficulties in accommodating the flat top of the latter within an encircling saddle tank which cut down capacity and increased the tendency to overheat the water in the tank.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pannier tank locomotives are often seen as an icon of the GWR.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In Logging railroads in the Western USA used <a href="/wiki/2-6-6-2" title="2-6-6-2">2-6-6-2</a> Saddle tanks or Pannier tanks for heavy timber trains. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Well_tank"><span class="anchor" id="Well_tank"></span>Well tank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Well tank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this design, used in earlier and smaller locomotives, the water is stored in a 'well' on the underside of the locomotive, generally between the locomotive's frames. This arrangement was patented by S.D. Davison in 1852.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This does not restrict access to the boiler, but space is limited there, and the design is therefore not suitable for locomotives that need a good usable range before refilling. The arrangement does, however, have the advantage of creating a low <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre of gravity">centre of gravity</a>, creating greater stability on poorly laid or <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge">narrow gauge</a> tracks. The first tank locomotive, <i><a href="/wiki/Novelty_(locomotive)" title="Novelty (locomotive)">Novelty</a></i>, was a well tank. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locomotive_020_Decauville.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A French Decauville well tank"><img alt="A French Decauville well tank" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Locomotive_020_Decauville.JPG/300px-Locomotive_020_Decauville.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Locomotive_020_Decauville.JPG/451px-Locomotive_020_Decauville.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Locomotive_020_Decauville.JPG/600px-Locomotive_020_Decauville.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Decauville#Gallery" title="Decauville">Decauville</a> well tank</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LSWR_0298_Class_Beattie_Well_Tank_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A British LSWR 0298 "Beattie" well tank formerly used on suburban services in London"><img alt="A British LSWR 0298 "Beattie" well tank formerly used on suburban services in London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/LSWR_0298_Class_Beattie_Well_Tank_2.jpg/300px-LSWR_0298_Class_Beattie_Well_Tank_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/LSWR_0298_Class_Beattie_Well_Tank_2.jpg/451px-LSWR_0298_Class_Beattie_Well_Tank_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/LSWR_0298_Class_Beattie_Well_Tank_2.jpg/600px-LSWR_0298_Class_Beattie_Well_Tank_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/LSWR_0298_Class" title="LSWR 0298 Class">LSWR 0298 "Beattie"</a> well tank formerly used on suburban services in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></div> </li> </ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Well_tank_locomotives" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Well tank locomotives">Well tank locomotives</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rear_tank_(or_back_tank)"><span id="Rear_tank_.28or_back_tank.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Back_tank"></span><span class="anchor" id="Rear_tank"></span>Rear tank (or back tank)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rear tank (or back tank)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forney044.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Forney044.jpg/220px-Forney044.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Forney044.jpg/330px-Forney044.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Forney044.jpg/440px-Forney044.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Steam_Locomotive_Class_F1" title="Finnish Steam Locomotive Class F1">Finnish Steam Locomotive Class F1</a> rear tank locomotive</figcaption></figure> <p>In this design, the tank is placed behind the cab, usually over a supporting bogie.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This removes the weight of the water from the driving wheels, giving the locomotive a constant tractive weight. The disadvantage is a reduction in water carrying capacity. A rear tank is an essential component of the American <a href="/wiki/Forney_locomotive" title="Forney locomotive">Forney</a> type of locomotive, which is a 4-4-0 American-type with wheels reversed. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wing_tank"><span class="anchor" id="Wing_tank"></span>Wing tank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Wing tank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dougal_and_train.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Dougal_and_train.jpg/220px-Dougal_and_train.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Dougal_and_train.jpg/330px-Dougal_and_train.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Dougal_and_train.jpg/440px-Dougal_and_train.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Wing tank locomotive <i>Dougal</i> on the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>"Wing tank" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Winged_tank" title="Winged tank">Winged tank</a>.</span> <span>For the auxiliary fuel tank of an aircraft, see <a href="/wiki/Drop_tank" title="Drop tank">Drop tank</a>.</span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Wing tanks are side tanks that run the length of the smokebox, instead of the full length of the boiler.<sup id="cite_ref-Hawkins1909_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawkins1909-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 19th century the term "wing tank" was sometimes used as a synonym for side tank.<sup id="cite_ref-Britain)1864_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britain)1864-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wing tanks were mainly used on <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge railway">narrow gauge</a> industrial locomotives that could be frequently re-filled with water and where side or saddle tanks would restrict access to valve gear. The <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Tramway" title="Kerry Tramway">Kerry Tramway</a>'s locomotive <i>Excelsior</i> has been described, by various sources, as both a wing tank and an inverted saddle tank.<sup id="cite_ref-Cozens1953_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cozens1953-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inverted_saddle_tank"><span class="anchor" id="Inverted_saddle_tank"></span>Inverted saddle tank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Inverted saddle tank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Valley_Light_Railway,_near_Swanwick_(geograph_1643376).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Golden_Valley_Light_Railway%2C_near_Swanwick_%28geograph_1643376%29.jpg/170px-Golden_Valley_Light_Railway%2C_near_Swanwick_%28geograph_1643376%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Golden_Valley_Light_Railway%2C_near_Swanwick_%28geograph_1643376%29.jpg/255px-Golden_Valley_Light_Railway%2C_near_Swanwick_%28geograph_1643376%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Golden_Valley_Light_Railway%2C_near_Swanwick_%28geograph_1643376%29.jpg/340px-Golden_Valley_Light_Railway%2C_near_Swanwick_%28geograph_1643376%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><i>Joan</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Railway_%E2%80%93_Butterley" title="Midland Railway – Butterley">Golden Valley Light Railway</a> showing the inverted saddle tank around the smokebox</figcaption></figure> <p>The inverted saddle tank was a variation of the Wing Tank where the two tanks were joined underneath the smokebox and supported it.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithers2016_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithers2016-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rare design was used for the same reasons as the wing tank but provided slightly greater water capacity. The <a href="/wiki/Brill_Tramway" title="Brill Tramway">Brill Tramway</a> locomotive <i>Wotton</i> is believed<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (June 2018)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> to have had an inverted saddle tank. The inverted saddle tank was a speciality of <a href="/wiki/W.G.Bagnall" class="mw-redirect" title="W.G.Bagnall">W.G.Bagnall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tender-tank"><span class="anchor" id="Tender_tank"></span>Tender-tank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tender-tank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ffestiniog_PDold_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ffestiniog_PDold_4.jpg/220px-Ffestiniog_PDold_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ffestiniog_PDold_4.jpg/330px-Ffestiniog_PDold_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ffestiniog_PDold_4.jpg/440px-Ffestiniog_PDold_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ffestiniog_Railway" title="Ffestiniog Railway">Ffestiniog Railway</a> tender-tank locomotive <i>Welsh Pony</i></figcaption></figure> <p>A tank locomotive may also haul a <a href="/wiki/Tender_(rail)" title="Tender (rail)">tender</a> behind it.<sup id="cite_ref-BurtonScott-Morgan2015_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BurtonScott-Morgan2015-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the common arrangement on the largest locomotives, as well as on <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge">narrow gauge</a> railways where the small size of the locomotive restricts the space available for fuel and water. These combined both fuel and water in a proportion (where coal was used) of 1 pound of coal for every 6 pounds of water.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p> Where a tender was used with a narrow-gauge locomotive it usually carried only fuel, with water carried in the locomotive's tanks. The tender offered greater fuel capacity than a bunker on the locomotive and often the water capacity could be increased by converting redundant bunker space into a water tank.</p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combinations"><span class="anchor" id="Combinations"></span>Combinations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Combinations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terrieradams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Terrieradams.jpg/220px-Terrieradams.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Terrieradams.jpg/330px-Terrieradams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Terrieradams.jpg/440px-Terrieradams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/LSWR_415_class" title="LSWR 415 class">LSWR 415 class</a> combined side tanks and a well tank</figcaption></figure> <p>Large side tank engines might also have an additional rear tank (under the coal bunker), or a well tank (between the frames).<sup id="cite_ref-Lowe2014_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowe2014-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may have been to increase the water capacity, to equalise the weight distribution, or else improve the stability by lowering the <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre of gravity">centre of gravity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locomotive_classification_and_wheel_arrangement"><span class="anchor" id="Wheel_arrangement"></span><span class="anchor" id="Locomotive_classification"></span>Locomotive classification and wheel arrangement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Locomotive classification and wheel arrangement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because tank locomotives are capable of running equally fast in both directions (see below) they usually have symmetrical wheel arrangements to ensure the same ride and stability characteristics regardless of the direction travelled, producing arrangements with only driving wheels (e.g. <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-4-0" title="0-4-0">0-4-0</a><a href="/wiki/Side_tank_locomotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Side tank locomotive"><abbr title="Side tank">T</abbr></a></span> and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-6-0" title="0-6-0">0-6-0</a><a href="/wiki/Side_tank_locomotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Side tank locomotive"><abbr title="Side tank">T</abbr></a></span>) or equal numbers of leading and trailing wheels (e.g. <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2-4-2" title="2-4-2">2-4-2</a><a href="/wiki/Side_tank_locomotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Side tank locomotive"><abbr title="Side tank">T</abbr></a></span> and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/4-6-4" title="4-6-4">4-6-4</a><a href="/wiki/Side_tank_locomotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Side tank locomotive"><abbr title="Side tank">T</abbr></a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Howden1909_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howden1909-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However other requirements, such as the need to support a large bunker, would require a non-symmetrical layout such as <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2-6-4" title="2-6-4">2-6-4</a><a href="/wiki/Side_tank_locomotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Side tank locomotive"><abbr title="Side tank">T</abbr></a></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whyte_classification"><span class="anchor" id="Whyte_notation"></span><span class="anchor" id="Whyte_classification"></span>Whyte classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Whyte classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Whyte_notation#Suffixes" title="Whyte notation">Whyte notation § Suffixes</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Whyte_notation" title="Whyte notation">Whyte notation</a> for classification of <a href="/wiki/Locomotives" class="mw-redirect" title="Locomotives">locomotives</a> (primarily by <a href="/wiki/Wheel_arrangement" title="Wheel arrangement">wheel arrangement</a>), various suffixes are used to denote tank locomotives:<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Suffix </th> <th>Meaning </th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <td>T </td> <td><a href="#Side_tank">Side tank locomotive</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-6-0" title="0-6-0">0-6-0</a>T</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>RT </td> <td><a href="#Rear_tank">Rear tank locomotive</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-4-4" class="mw-redirect" title="0-4-4">0-4-4</a>RT</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ST </td> <td><a href="#Saddle_tank">Saddle tank locomotive</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-6-0" title="0-6-0">0-6-0</a>ST</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>WT </td> <td><a href="#Well_tank">Well tank locomotive</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-6-0" title="0-6-0">0-6-0</a>WT</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PT </td> <td><a href="#Pannier_tank">Pannier tank locomotive</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-6-0" title="0-6-0">0-6-0</a>PT</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>CT </td> <td><a href="#Crane_tank_locomotive">Crane tank locomotive</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-6-0" title="0-6-0">0-6-0</a>CT</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IST </td> <td><a href="#Inverted_saddle_tank">Inverted saddle tank locomotive</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-6-0" title="0-6-0">0-6-0</a>IST</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>T+T </td> <td><a href="#Tender-tank">Tender-tank locomotive</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/0-4-0" title="0-4-0">0-4-0</a>T+T</span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UIC_classification"><span class="anchor" id="UIC_classification"></span><span class="anchor" id="UIC_notation"></span>UIC classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: UIC classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/UIC_notation#Structure" class="mw-redirect" title="UIC notation">UIC notation § Structure</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/UIC_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="UIC notation">UIC notation</a> which also classifies <a href="/wiki/Locomotives" class="mw-redirect" title="Locomotives">locomotives</a> primarily by <a href="/wiki/Wheel_arrangement" title="Wheel arrangement">wheel arrangement</a>, the suffix 't' is used to denote tank locomotives<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fuel_bunker">Fuel bunker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Fuel bunker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fuel_bunker" title="Fuel bunker">Fuel bunker</a></div> <p>On tank locomotives which use solid fuels such as <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>, a <b><a href="/wiki/Fuel_bunker" title="Fuel bunker">bunker</a></b> is used to carry the fuel (for locomotives using liquid fuel such as <a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fuel_tank" title="Fuel tank">Fuel tank</a> is used). There are two main positions for bunkers on tank locomotives: to the rear of the cab (as illustrated in the left of the images below), a position typically used on locomotives with a trailing carrying axle or a trailing <a href="/wiki/Bogie" title="Bogie">bogie</a>; or on top of and to one side of the firebox, a positioning typically used in cases where the <a href="/wiki/Firebox_(steam_engine)" title="Firebox (steam engine)">firebox</a> overhangs the rear driving axle, as this counterbalances the overhanging weight of the firebox, stabilising the locomotive.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenly1904_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenly1904-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tank_loco47279.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A rear bunker."><img alt="A rear bunker." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tank_loco47279.jpg/300px-Tank_loco47279.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tank_loco47279.jpg/451px-Tank_loco47279.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Tank_loco47279.jpg/601px-Tank_loco47279.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A rear bunker.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 233.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duncan_loco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A side bunker."><img alt="A side bunker." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Duncan_loco.jpg/350px-Duncan_loco.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Duncan_loco.jpg/525px-Duncan_loco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Duncan_loco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="412" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A side bunker.</div> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_types_of_tank_locomotive">Other types of tank locomotive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other types of tank locomotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several other specialised types of <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam locomotive</a> which carry their own fuel but which are usually categorised for different reasons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Garratt_locomotive">Garratt locomotive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Garratt locomotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WHR_Garratt_143.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/WHR_Garratt_143.jpg/220px-WHR_Garratt_143.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/WHR_Garratt_143.jpg/330px-WHR_Garratt_143.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/WHR_Garratt_143.jpg/440px-WHR_Garratt_143.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>South African Railways <a href="/wiki/South_African_Class_NG_G16_2-6-2%2B2-6-2" title="South African Class NG G16 2-6-2+2-6-2">NGG16</a> class Garratt, preserved in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Garratt_locomotive" title="Garratt locomotive">Garratt locomotive</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Garratt_locomotive" title="Garratt locomotive">Garratt locomotive</a> is <a href="/wiki/Articulated_locomotive" title="Articulated locomotive">articulated</a> in three parts. The <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boiler</a> is mounted on the centre frame without wheels, and two sets of driving wheels (4 cylinders total) carrying fuel bunkers and water tanks are mounted on separate frames, one on each end of the boiler.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Articulation is used so larger locomotives can go around curves which would otherwise restrict the size of rigid framed locomotives. One of the major advantages of the Garratt form of articulation is the maintenance of the locomotive's centre-of-gravity over or inside the track centre-line when rounding curves.<sup id="cite_ref-Durrant1969_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durrant1969-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crane_tank_locomotive">Crane tank locomotive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Crane tank locomotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crane_tank.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Crane_tank.JPG/220px-Crane_tank.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Crane_tank.JPG/330px-Crane_tank.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Crane_tank.JPG/440px-Crane_tank.JPG 2x" data-file-width="876" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption>A crane tank preserved as a static exhibit at Bressingham</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crane_tank_locomotive" title="Crane tank locomotive">Crane tank locomotive</a></div> <p>A crane tank (CT) is a steam tank locomotive fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Crane_(machine)" title="Crane (machine)">crane</a> for working in railway workshops or other industrial environments. The crane may be fitted at the front, centre or rear.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Streamlined_tank_locomotive">Streamlined tank locomotive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Streamlined tank locomotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%81V_242.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/M%C3%81V_242.jpg/220px-M%C3%81V_242.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/M%C3%81V_242.jpg/330px-M%C3%81V_242.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/M%C3%81V_242.jpg/440px-M%C3%81V_242.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Hungarian Railways <a href="/wiki/M%C3%81V_Class_242" title="MÁV Class 242">class 242</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1930s there was a trend for express passenger locomotives to be streamlined by enclosed bodyshells. Express locomotives were nearly all tender locomotives, but a few fast tank engines were also streamlined, for use on high-speed, but shorter, services where turn-around time was important and the tank engine's independence from turntables was useful.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Examples included the German <a href="/wiki/DRG_Class_61" title="DRG Class 61">Class 61</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Hungarian <a href="/wiki/M%C3%81V_Class_242" title="MÁV Class 242">Class 242</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contractor's_locomotive"><span id="Contractor.27s_locomotive"></span>Contractor's locomotive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Contractor's locomotive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Appleby_industrial_narrow_gauge_0-4-0_saddle_tank_locomotive.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Appleby_industrial_narrow_gauge_0-4-0_saddle_tank_locomotive.png/220px-Appleby_industrial_narrow_gauge_0-4-0_saddle_tank_locomotive.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Appleby_industrial_narrow_gauge_0-4-0_saddle_tank_locomotive.png/330px-Appleby_industrial_narrow_gauge_0-4-0_saddle_tank_locomotive.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Appleby_industrial_narrow_gauge_0-4-0_saddle_tank_locomotive.png/440px-Appleby_industrial_narrow_gauge_0-4-0_saddle_tank_locomotive.png 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>Small <a href="/wiki/W._G._Bagnall" title="W. G. Bagnall">Bagnall</a> contractor's loco, with their distinctive <a href="/wiki/Bagnall_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagnall boiler">cylindrical firebox</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The contractor's locomotive was a small tank locomotive specially adapted for use by <a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil engineering</a> <a href="/wiki/General_contractor" title="General contractor">contractor</a> firms engaged in the building of railways. The locomotives would be used for hauling men, equipment and building materials over temporary railway networks built at the worksite that were frequently re-laid or taken up and moved elsewhere as building work progressed. Contractor's locomotives were usually saddle or well tank types (see above) but required several adaptations to make them suitable for their task. They were built to be as light as possible so they could run over the lightly built temporary rails and had deeply flanged wheels so they did not de-rail on the tracks which were often very uneven.<sup id="cite_ref-loco-cyc_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loco-cyc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, they had to be very powerful with good traction as they would often have to haul trains of <a href="/wiki/Railway_wagon" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway wagon">wagons</a> up very steep gradients, such as the sides of railway <a href="/wiki/Embankment_(transportation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Embankment (transportation)">embankments</a> or spoil heaps. Many were designed so that large iron ballast blocks could be fitted to the frames when extra weight and traction was required, then removed when it was not. Most had sanding gear fitted to all wheels for maximum traction. Some method of keeping mud and dust from clogging the wheels and brake shoes was also required – this either took the form of scraper bars fitted to the leading edge of the wheels or wheel washer jets supplied from the water tank. To handle long trains of loose-coupled (and often un-sprung) wagons, contractor's locomotives usually had very effective steam-powered brakes. Most lacked a full cab, often only having a front '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spectacle_plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spectacle plate (page does not exist)">spectacle plate</a>'. If a cab was provided it was usually removable along with the chimney, and sometimes the dome, so that the locomotive could be loaded onto a flatbed wagon for transport to new locations by rail whilst remaining within the <a href="/wiki/Loading_gauge" title="Loading gauge">loading gauge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown2001_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown2001-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steam_tram_engines">Steam tram engines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Steam tram engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GTW_Tram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/GTW_Tram.jpg/220px-GTW_Tram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/GTW_Tram.jpg/330px-GTW_Tram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/GTW_Tram.jpg/440px-GTW_Tram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption>Steam tram locomotive of Geldersche Tramwegen, Netherlands</figcaption></figure> <p>Steam tram engines, which were built, or modified, to work on a street, or roadside, tramway were almost universally also tank engines.<sup id="cite_ref-Barcroft1881_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barcroft1881-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tram engines had their wheels and motion enclosed to avoid accidents in traffic. They often had <a href="/wiki/Cow_catcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Cow catcher">cow catchers</a> to avoid road debris causing a derailment. Some tram engines were fitted with a roof and enclosed sides, giving them an appearance more like a goods wagon than a locomotive.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark1894_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark1894-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vertical_boiler_locomotives">Vertical boiler locomotives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Vertical boiler locomotives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taffy_the_Locomotive_(built_by_Alan_Keef_Ltd),_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Taffy_the_Locomotive_%28built_by_Alan_Keef_Ltd%29%2C_2008.jpg/220px-Taffy_the_Locomotive_%28built_by_Alan_Keef_Ltd%29%2C_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Taffy_the_Locomotive_%28built_by_Alan_Keef_Ltd%29%2C_2008.jpg/330px-Taffy_the_Locomotive_%28built_by_Alan_Keef_Ltd%29%2C_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Taffy_the_Locomotive_%28built_by_Alan_Keef_Ltd%29%2C_2008.jpg/440px-Taffy_the_Locomotive_%28built_by_Alan_Keef_Ltd%29%2C_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Vertical boiler locomotive "Taffy".</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vertical_boiler" title="Vertical boiler">Vertical boiler</a></div> <p>Railway locomotives with vertical boilers universally were tank locomotives. They were small, cheaper-to-operate machines mostly used in industrial settings.<sup id="cite_ref-AbbottLowe1989_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbbottLowe1989-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages_and_disadvantages"><span class="anchor" id="Pros_and_cons"></span>Advantages and disadvantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Advantages and disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lokomotywa_Tx26_423.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Lokomotywa_Tx26_423.jpg/220px-Lokomotywa_Tx26_423.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Lokomotywa_Tx26_423.jpg/330px-Lokomotywa_Tx26_423.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Lokomotywa_Tx26_423.jpg/440px-Lokomotywa_Tx26_423.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption><span class="nowrap">600 mm</span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">1 ft <span class="frac">11<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in</span>) gauge tank locomotive Tx26-423 in <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, Poland</figcaption></figure> <p>The benefits of tank locomotives include: </p> <ul><li><b>Bi-directionality</b>: Most tank locomotives are capable of running at full speed in either direction (although this depends on the wheel arrangement; for example, a 2-6-0T will not be able to run as fast in reverse, due to lack of a trailing truck). Most tender locomotives are unable to do this, because the heavy tender is not designed to be pushed and may become unstable at higher speeds. Tender locomotives generally require turning facilities, such as a <a href="/wiki/Turntable_(railroad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turntable (railroad)">turntable</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wye_(railroad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wye (railroad)">wye</a>, at each end of the run. A tank locomotive, on the other hand, can simply run around the train (provided there is a siding) and pull it back in the other direction. The crew of a tank engine generally have a better view in the reverse direction than for a tender engine and are protected from the weather.<sup id="cite_ref-Camp1905_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Camp1905-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Fuel and water add to adhesive weight</b>: The usable tractive weight of a locomotive is the product of the weight on its <a href="/wiki/Driving_wheels" class="mw-redirect" title="Driving wheels">driving wheels</a> multiplied by the <a href="/wiki/Factor_of_adhesion" class="mw-redirect" title="Factor of adhesion">factor of adhesion</a>. Therefore, up to the limits of the maximum permissible <a href="/wiki/Axle_loading" class="mw-redirect" title="Axle loading">axle loading</a>, and other loading limits, the more weight on the driving wheels the better. In a tank locomotive the weight of its own fuel and water increase the available tractive weight.</li> <li><b>Compactness</b>: A tank locomotive is shorter than the equivalent tender locomotive. This is important in environments with limited space for locomotives, such as the <a href="/wiki/Headshunt" title="Headshunt">headshunt</a> of a run-round loop.<sup id="cite_ref-Club1904_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Club1904-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Efficiency</b>: Many train tanks are designed to be in contact with, and be heated by, the boiler. Pre-heated water will reach boiling point faster than the colder water available from a tender. On the other hand, excessively hot water can interfere with <a href="/wiki/Steam_injector" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam injector">steam injector</a> operation and is to be avoided.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SR_4-6-4T_L1_class_locomotive,_333_Remembrance_(CJ_Allen,_Steel_Highway,_1928).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/SR_4-6-4T_L1_class_locomotive%2C_333_Remembrance_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/220px-SR_4-6-4T_L1_class_locomotive%2C_333_Remembrance_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/SR_4-6-4T_L1_class_locomotive%2C_333_Remembrance_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/330px-SR_4-6-4T_L1_class_locomotive%2C_333_Remembrance_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/SR_4-6-4T_L1_class_locomotive%2C_333_Remembrance_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg/440px-SR_4-6-4T_L1_class_locomotive%2C_333_Remembrance_%28CJ_Allen%2C_Steel_Highway%2C_1928%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/LB%26SCR_L_class" title="LB&SCR L class">LB&SCR L class</a> locomotives were fitted with well tanks and part of the side tanks were blanked off to improve stability</figcaption></figure> <p>There are disadvantages: </p> <ul><li><b>Limited fuel and water capacity</b>: A tender can typically contain far more of both than is available on a tank locomotive. This restricts the range of tank locomotives between fueling and watering points.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is one reason why tank engines were more popular in Europe and the UK than in America or other places, because the distances were shorter between refueling stations and water towers.</li> <li><b>Varying adhesive weight</b>: As the water in the tanks is used up, the overall <a href="/wiki/Adhesive_weight" title="Adhesive weight">adhesive weight</a> of the locomotive decreases, which in turn reduces the train weight the locomotive can pull. Locomotives with low water supplies also typically ride less well as there is less weight on the springs.</li> <li><b>Instability</b>: Water surging inside large side tanks can cause the locomotive to become unstable and prone to <a href="/wiki/Derailment" title="Derailment">derailment</a>, as was the case with the <a href="/wiki/LB%26SCR_L_class" title="LB&SCR L class">LB&SCR L class</a> 4-6-4T before they were modified.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Axle loading limits a problem</b>: For larger tank locomotives, it is hard to put much fuel and water aboard without requiring more axles than a rigid frame can handle.</li> <li><b>Limit of boiler diameter</b>: The boiler and water tanks must fit within the <a href="/wiki/Loading_gauge" title="Loading gauge">loading gauge</a> of the railway being run on. Above a certain diameter of boiler there is little or no room for water tanks to be added and still fit within the loading gauge.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popularity">Popularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Worldwide, tank engines varied in popularity. They were more common in areas where the length of run was short, and a quick turn around time was needed or turning facilities were not available, mostly in Europe. With their limited fuel and water capacity, they were not favoured in areas where long runs between stops were the norm. </p><p>They were very common in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. In the United Kingdom, they were frequently used for shunting and piloting duties, suburban passenger services and local freight. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">GWR</a> was famous for its <a href="/wiki/2-6-2" title="2-6-2">Prairie</a> tanks (such as the "<a href="/wiki/GWR_6100_Class" title="GWR 6100 Class">61xx</a>" class), used for many things including very heavy trains on the Welsh valley coal mining lines that the <a href="/wiki/GWR_4200_Class" title="GWR 4200 Class">GWR 4200 Class</a> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2-8-0" title="2-8-0">2-8-0</a><a href="/wiki/Side_tank_locomotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Side tank locomotive"><abbr title="Side tank">T</abbr></a></span> were designed for.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Germany, too, large tank locomotives were built.<sup id="cite_ref-CetKent2006_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CetKent2006-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States they were used for <a href="/wiki/Push-pull_train" class="mw-redirect" title="Push-pull train">push-pull</a> suburban service, <a href="/wiki/Shunting_(rail)" title="Shunting (rail)">switching</a> in terminals and locomotive shops, and in logging, mining and industrial service.<sup id="cite_ref-White1979_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White1979-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive_components" title="Steam locomotive components">Steam locomotive components</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tank_locomotive&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKalla-BishopGreggio1985" class="citation book cs1">Kalla-Bishop, P. M.; Greggio, Luciano (1985). <i>Steam Locomotives</i>. Crescent Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steam+Locomotives&rft.pub=Crescent+Books&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Kalla-Bishop&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rft.au=Greggio%2C+Luciano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Industrial_Locomotive_Society1967" class="citation cs2">The Industrial Locomotive Society (1967), <i>Steam locomotives in industry</i>, Newton Abbot: David and Charles, pp. 9–10</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steam+locomotives+in+industry&rft.place=Newton+Abbot&rft.pages=9-10&rft.pub=David+and+Charles&rft.date=1967&rft.au=The+Industrial+Locomotive+Society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Calamitous fire", <i>Daily News</i>, no. 1975, London, September 20, 1852</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Calamitous+fire&rft.issue=1975&rft.date=1852-09-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"The Great Exhibition", <i>The Morning Chronicle</i>, no. 26429, London, August 29, 1851</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Morning+Chronicle&rft.atitle=The+Great+Exhibition&rft.issue=26429&rft.date=1851-08-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horner1892-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Horner1892_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Horner1892_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Gregory_Horner1892" class="citation book cs1">Joseph Gregory Horner (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PUujM4QDF34C&pg=PA413"><i>Lockwood's Dictionary of Terms Used in the Practice of Mechanical Engineering</i></a>. Crosby, Lockwood and Son. p. 413.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lockwood%27s+Dictionary+of+Terms+Used+in+the+Practice+of+Mechanical+Engineering&rft.pages=413&rft.pub=Crosby%2C+Lockwood+and+Son&rft.date=1892&rft.au=Joseph+Gregory+Horner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPUujM4QDF34C%26pg%3DPA413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loco-cyc-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-loco-cyc_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-loco-cyc_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bbE5AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA86"><i>Locomotive Cyclopedia of American Practice</i></a>. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation. 1922. p. 86.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Locomotive+Cyclopedia+of+American+Practice&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Simmons-Boardman+Publishing+Corporation&rft.date=1922&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbbE5AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edgar2019-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edgar2019_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon_Edgar2019" class="citation book cs1">Gordon Edgar (15 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v_-3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT220"><i>Industrial Locomotives & Railways of Scotland</i></a>. Amberley Publishing. p. 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-4943-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4456-4943-6"><bdi>978-1-4456-4943-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Industrial+Locomotives+%26+Railways+of+Scotland&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=Amberley+Publishing&rft.date=2019-10-15&rft.isbn=978-1-4456-4943-6&rft.au=Gordon+Edgar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv_-3DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nokes1899-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nokes1899_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Augustus_Nokes1899" class="citation book cs1">George Augustus Nokes (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Mo1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PP11"><i>The Evolution of the Steam Locomotive (1803 to 1898)</i></a>. Railway Publishing Company. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+the+Steam+Locomotive+%281803+to+1898%29&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Railway+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1899&rft.au=George+Augustus+Nokes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Mo1AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPP11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones2014-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones2014_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobin_Jones2014" class="citation book cs1">Robin Jones (31 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bol8AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT49"><i>Great Western Railway Pannier Tanks</i></a>. Crowood. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84797-654-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84797-654-3"><bdi>978-1-84797-654-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Western+Railway+Pannier+Tanks&rft.pub=Crowood&rft.date=2014-01-31&rft.isbn=978-1-84797-654-3&rft.au=Robin+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBol8AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dambly, Phil: "Nos inoubliables 'Vapeur'. Editions LE RAIL, Brussels (1968)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160514015545/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/kevin.dare/general%20info.html">"Pannier tanks"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/kevin.dare/general%20info.html">the original</a> on 2016-05-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pannier+tanks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyweb.tiscali.co.uk%2Fkevin.dare%2Fgeneral%2520info.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Holcroft" title="Harold Holcroft">Holcroft, H</a>: <i>An outline of Great Western locomotive practice 1837–1947</i> <a href="/wiki/Locomotive_Publishing_Company" title="Locomotive Publishing Company">Locomotive Publishing Company</a>, London, U.K. (1957), p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3-bNAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA216">"An old "well" tank locomotive"</a>. <i>Locomotive, Railway Carriage and Wagon Review</i>. Locomotive Publishing Company. 1908. p. 218.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Locomotive%2C+Railway+Carriage+and+Wagon+Review&rft.atitle=An+old+%22well%22+tank+locomotive&rft.pages=218&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3-bNAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yt82AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA168">"Tank locomotives for suburban service on American railways"</a>. <i>Engineering News</i>. McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. 1905. p. 168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Engineering+News&rft.atitle=Tank+locomotives+for+suburban+service+on+American+railways&rft.pages=168&rft.date=1905&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyt82AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hawkins1909-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hawkins1909_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNehemiah_Hawkins1909" class="citation book cs1">Nehemiah Hawkins (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HLlXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA655"><i>Hawkins' Mechanical Dictionary: A Cyclopedia of Words, Terms, Phrases and Data Used in the Mechanic Arts, Trades and Sciences</i></a>. T. Audel. p. 655.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hawkins%27+Mechanical+Dictionary%3A+A+Cyclopedia+of+Words%2C+Terms%2C+Phrases+and+Data+Used+in+the+Mechanic+Arts%2C+Trades+and+Sciences&rft.pages=655&rft.pub=T.+Audel&rft.date=1909&rft.au=Nehemiah+Hawkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHLlXAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britain)1864-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britain)1864_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInstitution_of_Mechanical_Engineers_(Great_Britain)1864" class="citation book cs1">Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Great Britain) (1864). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tBFEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA103"><i>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers</i></a>. The Institution. p. 103.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+Institution+of+Mechanical+Engineers&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=The+Institution&rft.date=1864&rft.au=Institution+of+Mechanical+Engineers+%28Great+Britain%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtBFEAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cozens1953-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cozens1953_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCozens1953" class="citation book cs1">Cozens, Lewis (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xHYEAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Van and Kerry Railways: With the Kerry Tramway</i></a>. R. Cozens.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Van+and+Kerry+Railways%3A+With+the+Kerry+Tramway&rft.pub=R.+Cozens&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Cozens&rft.aufirst=Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxHYEAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smithers2016-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smithers2016_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Smithers2016" class="citation book cs1">Mark Smithers (31 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MFGqCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT192"><i>The Royal Arsenal Railways: The Rise and Fall of a Military Railway Network</i></a>. Pen & Sword Books. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-4401-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-4401-8"><bdi>978-1-4738-4401-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Arsenal+Railways%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+a+Military+Railway+Network&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books&rft.date=2016-03-31&rft.isbn=978-1-4738-4401-8&rft.au=Mark+Smithers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMFGqCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Narrow Gauge Locomotive For the Gas Light and Coke Company". <i>Engineering</i>. 7 June 1895.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Engineering&rft.atitle=Narrow+Gauge+Locomotive+For+the+Gas+Light+and+Coke+Company&rft.date=1895-06-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BurtonScott-Morgan2015-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BurtonScott-Morgan2015_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_BurtonJohn_Scott-Morgan2015" class="citation book cs1">Anthony Burton; John Scott-Morgan (30 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6WgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA18"><i>The Light Railways of Britain and Ireland</i></a>. Pen and Sword. pp. 18–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-2706-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-2706-6"><bdi>978-1-4738-2706-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Light+Railways+of+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2015-11-30&rft.isbn=978-1-4738-2706-6&rft.au=Anthony+Burton&rft.au=John+Scott-Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ6WgCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lowe2014-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lowe2014_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowe2014" class="citation book cs1">Lowe, James W. (2014). <i>British Steam Locomotive Builders</i>. Pen & Sword Books Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-2289-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4738-2289-4"><bdi>978-1-4738-2289-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Steam+Locomotive+Builders&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books+Limited&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4738-2289-4&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Locomotives built between 1930 and 1962". <i>Trains</i>. Vol. 24. Kalmbach Publishing Company. 1964. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trains&rft.atitle=Locomotives+built+between+1930+and+1962&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=35&rft.date=1964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howden1909-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Howden1909_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Russell_Howden1909" class="citation book cs1">Joseph Russell Howden (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lMVNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA178"><i>The Boys' Book of Locomotives</i></a>. F. A. Stokes Company. pp. 177–179.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boys%27+Book+of+Locomotives&rft.pages=177-179&rft.pub=F.+A.+Stokes+Company&rft.date=1909&rft.au=Joseph+Russell+Howden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlMVNAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Industrial Locomotives: including preserved and minor railway locomotives</i>. Vol. 17EL. Melton Mowbray: <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Railway_Society" title="Industrial Railway Society">Industrial Railway Society</a>. 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978_1_901556_88_9" title="Special:BookSources/978 1 901556 88 9"><bdi>978 1 901556 88 9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Industrial+Locomotives%3A+including+preserved+and+minor+railway+locomotives&rft.place=Melton+Mowbray&rft.pub=Industrial+Railway+Society&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781901556889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Standard designation of axle arrangement on locomotives and multiple-unit sets. [ Obligatory ]</i> (5 ed.). 1 January 1983.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+designation+of+axle+arrangement+on+locomotives+and+multiple-unit+sets.+%5B+Obligatory+%5D&rft.edition=5&rft.date=1983-01-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenly1904-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greenly1904_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Greenly1904" class="citation book cs1">Henry Greenly (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h09DAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35"><i>The Model Locomotive: Its Design and Construction; a Practical Manual on the Building and Management of Miniature Railway Engines</i></a>. P. Marshall & Company. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Model+Locomotive%3A+Its+Design+and+Construction%3B+a+Practical+Manual+on+the+Building+and+Management+of+Miniature+Railway+Engines&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=P.+Marshall+%26+Company&rft.date=1904&rft.au=Henry+Greenly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh09DAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNock1971" class="citation book cs1">Nock, O.S (1971). <i>Railways in the Years of Pre-Eminence 1905–19</i>. Blandford Press. p. 127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railways+in+the+Years+of+Pre-Eminence+1905%E2%80%9319&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Blandford+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Nock&rft.aufirst=O.S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durrant1969-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Durrant1969_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._E._Durrant1969" class="citation book cs1">A. E. Durrant (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AU_VAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Garratt Locomotive</i></a>. David & Charles. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7153-4356-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7153-4356-2"><bdi>978-0-7153-4356-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Garratt+Locomotive&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-7153-4356-2&rft.au=A.+E.+Durrant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAU_VAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aE40AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA47"><i>Locomotive Magazine and Railway Carriage & Wagon Review</i></a>. Locomotive Publishing Company. 1907. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Locomotive+Magazine+and+Railway+Carriage+%26+Wagon+Review&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Locomotive+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1907&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaE40AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottwaldt2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gottwaldt, Alfred (2005). <i>Die Baureihe 61 und der Henschel-Wegmann-Zug</i> (in German). Freiburg: EK-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-88255-161-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-88255-161-7"><bdi>978-3-88255-161-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Baureihe+61+und+der+Henschel-Wegmann-Zug&rft.place=Freiburg&rft.pub=EK-Verlag&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3-88255-161-7&rft.aulast=Gottwaldt&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKubinszky1975" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kubinszky, Mihály (1975). <i>Ungarische Lokomotiven und Triebwagen</i> (in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-05-0125-2" title="Special:BookSources/963-05-0125-2"><bdi>963-05-0125-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ungarische+Lokomotiven+und+Triebwagen&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pub=Akad%C3%A9miai+Kiad%C3%B3&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=963-05-0125-2&rft.aulast=Kubinszky&rft.aufirst=Mih%C3%A1ly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown2001-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brown2001_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_K._Brown2001" class="citation book cs1">John K. Brown (September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=znb7t54cWGwC&pg=PA117"><i>The Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831–1915: A Study in American Industrial Practice</i></a>. JHU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6812-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6812-2"><bdi>978-0-8018-6812-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baldwin+Locomotive+Works%2C+1831%E2%80%931915%3A+A+Study+in+American+Industrial+Practice&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2001-09&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-6812-2&rft.au=John+K.+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dznb7t54cWGwC%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barcroft1881-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barcroft1881_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarcroft1881" class="citation book cs1">Barcroft, Henry (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A8TWIIGTebgC&pg=PP16"><i>Steam Tramways: a Pressing Want of the Times</i></a>. Hodges, Figgis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steam+Tramways%3A+a+Pressing+Want+of+the+Times&rft.pub=Hodges%2C+Figgis&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Barcroft&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA8TWIIGTebgC%26pg%3DPP16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clark1894-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clark1894_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1894" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Daniel Kinnear (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uf_NAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR32"><i>Tramways, Their Construction and Working, Embracing a Comprehensive History of the System, Accounts of the Various Modes of Traction</i></a>. C. Lockwood and son.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tramways%2C+Their+Construction+and+Working%2C+Embracing+a+Comprehensive+History+of+the+System%2C+Accounts+of+the+Various+Modes+of+Traction&rft.pub=C.+Lockwood+and+son&rft.date=1894&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Daniel+Kinnear&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUf_NAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPR32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AbbottLowe1989-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AbbottLowe1989_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbottLowe1989" class="citation book cs1">Abbott, Rowland Aubrey Samuel; Lowe, James Wensley (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tP-HOgAACAAJ"><i>Vertical Boiler Locomotives and Railmotors Built in Great Britain</i></a>. Oakwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85361-385-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85361-385-5"><bdi>978-0-85361-385-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vertical+Boiler+Locomotives+and+Railmotors+Built+in+Great+Britain&rft.pub=Oakwood+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-85361-385-5&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Rowland+Aubrey+Samuel&rft.au=Lowe%2C+James+Wensley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtP-HOgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Camp1905-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Camp1905_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamp1905" class="citation journal cs1">Camp, Walter Mason, ed. (22 April 1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YhRCAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA283">"Meeting of Western Railway Club"</a>. <i>The Railway and Engineering Review</i>. <b>XLV</b> (16). Railway Review, Incorporated: 283.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Railway+and+Engineering+Review&rft.atitle=Meeting+of+Western+Railway+Club&rft.volume=XLV&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=283&rft.date=1905-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYhRCAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Club1904-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Club1904_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestern_Railway_Club1904" class="citation book cs1">Western Railway Club (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bCpCAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA367"><i>Official Proceedings</i></a>. Western Railway Club. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Proceedings&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Western+Railway+Club&rft.date=1904&rft.au=Western+Railway+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbCpCAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PA367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1eXNAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PT1">"6-wheeled tank locomotive, D.W. & W. Ry"</a>. <i>Locomotive, Railway Carriage and Wagon Review</i>. Locomotive Publishing Company. 13 June 1903. pp. 404–406.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Locomotive%2C+Railway+Carriage+and+Wagon+Review&rft.atitle=6-wheeled+tank+locomotive%2C+D.W.+%26+W.+Ry.&rft.pages=404-406&rft.date=1903-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1eXNAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA2-PT1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley1974" class="citation book cs1">Bradley, D.L. (1974). <i>Locomotives of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway: Part 3</i>. <a href="/wiki/Railway_Correspondence_and_Travel_Society" title="Railway Correspondence and Travel Society">Railway Correspondence and Travel Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Locomotives+of+the+London+Brighton+and+South+Coast+Railway%3A+Part+3.&rft.pub=Railway+Correspondence+and+Travel+Society&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=D.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatwestern.org.uk/m_in_280_4200.htm">"The 4200 class GWR Tank locomotives"</a>. <i>The Great Western Archive</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Great+Western+Archive&rft.atitle=The+4200+class+GWR+Tank+locomotives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatwestern.org.uk%2Fm_in_280_4200.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CetKent2006-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CetKent2006_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_CetKent2006" class="citation book cs1">De Cet, Mirco; Kent, Alan (2006). <i>The Complete Encyclopedia of Locomotives</i>. Rebo International B.V. pp. 74–78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-366-1505-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-366-1505-1"><bdi>978-90-366-1505-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Encyclopedia+of+Locomotives&rft.pages=74-78&rft.pub=Rebo+International+B.V.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-366-1505-1&rft.aulast=De+Cet&rft.aufirst=Mirco&rft.au=Kent%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White1979-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-White1979_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_H._White1979" class="citation book cs1">John H. White (1 January 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1A4iiGAz628C&pg=PA233"><i>A History of the American Locomotive: Its Development, 1830–1880</i></a>. Courier Corporation. pp. 233–235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-23818-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-23818-0"><bdi>978-0-486-23818-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+American+Locomotive%3A+Its+Development%2C+1830%E2%80%931880&rft.pages=233-235&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.date=1979-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-486-23818-0&rft.au=John+H.+White&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1A4iiGAz628C%26pg%3DPA233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATank+locomotive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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