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<main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Préteur</h1> <div class="tagline"> magistrat de la Rome antique </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Langue </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> Le préteur (en latin prætor « chef », de præire « marcher devant », selon l'étymologie des Anciens aujourd'hui remise en question<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a>) est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magistrat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magistrat">magistrat</a> de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rome_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rome antique">Rome antique</a>. Il est de rang <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9nat_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sénat de la République romaine">sénatorial</a>, peut s'asseoir sur la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chaise_curule?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaise curule">chaise curule</a>, et porter la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toge_pr%C3%A9texte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toge prétexte">toge prétexte</a>. Il est précédé par deux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Licteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Licteur">licteurs</a> à l'intérieur de Rome, et six hors du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pomerium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pomerium">pomerium</a> de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbs">Urbs</a>. Sous la République, il est élu pour une durée d'un an par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comices_centuriates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comices centuriates">comices centuriates</a>. <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:15em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politique_dans_la_Rome_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Politique dans la Rome antique">Politique dans la Rome antique</a> </div> </div> <div class="images"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fichier:Roman_SPQR_banner.svg&lang=fr&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de l'image Roman SPQR banner.svg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Roman_SPQR_banner.svg/langfr-150px-Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Roman_SPQR_banner.svg/langfr-225px-Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Roman_SPQR_banner.svg/langfr-300px-Roman_SPQR_banner.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="229"></a> </div> <table> <caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"> Données clés </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> <div style="position:relative; text-align:center; line-height:14px;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaut%C3%A9_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royauté romaine">Royauté romaine</a> 753 – 509 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="République romaine">République romaine</a> 509 – 27 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire romain">Empire romain</a> 27 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> – 476 <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Principat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Principat">Principat</a> 27 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr> – 285 </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominat">Dominat</a> 285 – 476 </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%; vertical-align:middle;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_romain_d%27Occident?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire romain d'Occident">Emp. d'Occident</a> 395 – 476 </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%; vertical-align:middle;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_byzantin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire byzantin">Emp. byzantin</a> 395 – 1453 </div> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="border:1px solid #B2B2B2;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magistrats_romains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magistrats romains">Magistratures</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cursus_honorum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cursus honorum">Cursus honorum</a> </div> Magistrats ordinaires <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tribun_de_la_pl%C3%A8be?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tribun de la plèbe">Tribun de la plèbe</a> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Questeur_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Questeur (Rome antique)">Questeur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89dile_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édile (Rome antique)">Édile</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Préteur</a> </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tribun_militaire_%C3%A0_pouvoir_consulaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tribun militaire à pouvoir consulaire">Tr. consulaire</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consul_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consul (Rome antique)">Consul</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Censeur_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Censeur (Rome antique)">Censeur</a> </div> Promagistrats <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Propréteur">Propréteur</a> </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proconsul_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proconsul (Rome antique)">Proconsul</a> </div> Magistrats extraordinaires <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dictateur_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dictateur (Rome antique)">Dictateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtre_de_cavalerie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maître de cavalerie">Maître de cavalerie</a> </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interroi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interroi">Interroi</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9cemvir_%C3%A0_pouvoir_consulaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Décemvir à pouvoir consulaire">Décemvir</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triumvirs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Triumvirs">Triumvir</a> </div> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="border:1px solid #B2B2B2;"> Assemblées </div> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9nat_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sénat romain">Sénat romain</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comices?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comices">Comices</a> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comices_curiates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comices curiates">Comices curiates</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comices_centuriates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comices centuriates">Comices centuriates</a> </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comices_tributes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comices tributes">Comices tributes</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concile_pl%C3%A9b%C3%A9ien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concile plébéien">Concile plébéien</a> </div> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="border:1px solid #B2B2B2;"> Titres impériaux </div> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empereur_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empereur romain">Empereur romain</a> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_(titre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste (titre)">Auguste</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperator_(titre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperator (titre)">Imperator</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_(titre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="César (titre)">César</a> </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pater_patriae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pater patriae">Pater patriae</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pontifex_maximus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pontifex maximus">Pontifex maximus</a> </div> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="border:1px solid #B2B2B2;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonctionnaire_imp%C3%A9rial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonctionnaire impérial">Fonctionnaires impériaux</a> </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curateur_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curateur (Rome antique)">Curateur</a> </div> <div style="float:right; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9gat_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Légat (Rome antique)">Légat</a> </div> <div style="float:center; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Procurateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Procurateur">Procurateur</a> </div> Préfectures <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fet_du_pr%C3%A9toire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfet du prétoire">Préfet du prétoire</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fet_de_Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfet de Rome">Préfet de Rome</a> </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fet_de_l%27annone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfet de l'annone">Préfet de l'annone</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fet_des_vigiles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Préfet des vigiles">Préfet des vigiles</a> </div> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DPr%25C3%25A9teur%26action%3Dedit">modifier</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Politique/Rome_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> </div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> Cet article concerne les magistrats de la Rome antique. Pour prêteur (celui qui prête des fonds), voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%AAt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prêt">Prêt</a>. </div> </div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#P%C3%A9riode_r%C3%A9publicaine">1 Période républicaine</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89volution_historique">1.1 Évolution historique</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%B4les">1.2 Rôles</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Haut-Empire">2 Haut-Empire</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historique">2.1 Historique</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%B4le">2.2 Rôle</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fin_de_la_pr%C3%A9ture">2.3 Fin de la préture</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Propr%C3%A9teur">3 Propréteur</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi">4 Voir aussi</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences">5 Notes et références</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes">5.1 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences">5.2 Références</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi_2">6 Voir aussi</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources_litt%C3%A9raires_antiques">6.1 Sources littéraires antiques</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie">6.2 Bibliographie</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes">6.3 Liens externes</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Période_républicaine">Période républicaine</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Période républicaine" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Évolution_historique">Évolution historique</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Évolution historique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-neutre"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg/20px-Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 20px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg/20px-Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="20" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg/30px-Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg/40px-Breezeicons-actions-22-view-calendar.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Sauf précision contraire, les dates de cette section sont sous-entendues « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%88re_commune?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ère commune">avant l'ère commune</a> » (AEC), c'est-à-dire « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%88re_chr%C3%A9tienne_(incarnation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ère chrétienne (incarnation)">avant Jésus-Christ</a> ». </div> </div> La fonction de préteur fut créée vers <time datetime="U-0365" data-sort-value="U-0365">366</time> pour alléger la charge des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consul_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consul (Rome antique)">consuls</a>, en particulier dans le domaine de la justice<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a>. Le premier préteur élu fut le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patricien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patricien">patricien</a> Spurius Furius, le fils de Marcus Furius Camillus<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a>. Égal en pouvoir au consul, auquel il n'a pas de compte à rendre, le préteur prêtait le même serment, le même jour, et détenait le même pouvoir. Le premier plébéien élu préteur fut <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quintus_Publilius_Philo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quintus Publilius Philo">Quintus Publilius Philo</a> en <time datetime="U-0336" data-sort-value="U-0336">337</time><abbr_class="abbr_"_title="chapitre(s)"_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Richard1978117<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2-4">[4]</a>. La préture fut ainsi la dernière magistrature à s'ouvrir à la plèbe, après la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Questeur_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Questeur (Rome antique)">questure</a> en <time datetime="U-0408" data-sort-value="U-0408">409</time>, la charge de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtre_de_cavalerie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maître de cavalerie">maître de cavalerie</a> en <time datetime="U-0367" data-sort-value="U-0367">368</time>, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89dile_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édile (Rome antique)">édilité curule</a> en <time datetime="U-0363" data-sort-value="U-0363">364</time>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dictateur_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dictateur (Rome antique)">dictature</a> en <time datetime="U-0355" data-sort-value="U-0355">356</time> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Censure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Censure">censure</a> en <time datetime="U-0350" data-sort-value="U-0350">351</time><abbr_class="abbr_"_title="note(s)"_>n.</abbr>&nbsp;138<span_class="nowrap"><abbr_class="abbr_"_title="chapitre(s)"_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Richard1978117,_<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22note(s)%22_>n.</abbr>&nbsp;138<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2-5">[5]</a>. À l'origine, il n'y en avait qu'un seul, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur_urbain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Préteur urbain">préteur urbain</a> (prætor urbanus), auquel s'est ajouté vers <time datetime="U-0241" data-sort-value="U-0241">242</time> le préteur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9r%C3%A9grin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pérégrin">pérégrin</a> (praetor peregrinus) qui était chargé de rendre la justice dans les affaires impliquant les étrangers (peregrini)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Deniaux94-6">[6]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a>. Cette figure permit le développement du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ius_gentium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius gentium">ius gentium</a>, afin de régler les litiges opposant citoyens et étrangers, notamment dans le cadre commercial : ainsi un véritable <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Droit_commercial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Droit commercial">droit commercial</a> se développa aux côtés du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ius_civile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ius civile">ius civile</a>, applicable uniquement aux litiges entre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Citoyennet%C3%A9_%C3%A0_Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Citoyenneté à Rome">citoyens romains</a>. Des préteurs supplémentaires sont créés, à mesure des conquêtes hors de l'Italie, avec le rang de préteur consulaire : en <time datetime="U-0226" data-sort-value="U-0226">227</time>, Rome envoie un troisième préteur pour la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sicile_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sicile (province romaine)">Sicile</a> et un quatrième pour la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corse-Sardaigne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corse-Sardaigne">Corse-Sardaigne</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a>. En <time datetime="U-0196" data-sort-value="U-0196">197</time>, deux préteurs consulaires sont ajoutés pour administrer les provinces d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispanie_cit%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispanie citérieure">Hispanie citérieure</a> et d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispanie_ult%C3%A9rieure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispanie ultérieure">Hispanie ultérieure</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a>. Sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sylla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sylla">Sylla</a>, le nombre de préteurs est élevé à 8 et leurs attributions sont modifiées et cantonnées à Rome même. Puis leur nombre passe à 16 sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_C%C3%A9sar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules César">César</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Rôles">Rôles</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Rôles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> Le préteur urbain et le préteur pérégrin exercent leur pouvoir à l'intérieur de la ville de Rome, dont ils ne peuvent s'éloigner pendant plus de dix jours. Les autres préteurs ont un rang moins élevé et administrent leur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Province_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Province romaine">province</a>. Les réformes de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sylla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sylla">Sylla</a> abolissent cette affectation en province et attribuent à tous les préteurs des fonctions judiciaires civiles et criminelles, pour organiser les instances et présider les tribunaux qui siègent à Rome. Ils entrent en charge le même jour que les nouveaux consuls, et doivent par un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89dit_du_pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édit du préteur">édit</a> annoncer publiquement de quelle manière ils vont appliquer les règles du droit. À l'issue de leur mandat annuel, ils peuvent se voir confier la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Propréteur">propréture</a> d'une province<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Deniaux94-6">[6]</a>. Quoiqu'ils soient très tôt élus en nombre pair, il n'y a pas de collégialité entre préteurs, à l'inverse du consulat : chaque préteur est maître d'un domaine juridique précis, il n'y a pas de collègue doté d'un pouvoir égal susceptible de procéder aux mêmes actes<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Deniaux94-6">[6]</a>. Les préteurs ont aussi un rôle religieux, et doivent officier dans des occasions religieuses telles que les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sacrifice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sacrifice">sacrifices</a> et les jeux (le prætor urbanus devait superviser les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeux_Apollinaires?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeux Apollinaires">jeux Apollinaires</a>). Ils remplissent d'autres fonctions diverses, comme l'investigation sur les subversions, la désignation de commissionnaires, et la distribution d'aides. Lors de la vacance du consulat, les préteurs (avant la création des consuls suffects) peuvent remplacer les consuls : on parle alors de préteurs consulaires. La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Potestas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Potestas">potestas</a> et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperium">imperium</a> des préteurs sous la République ne doivent pas être surestimés : ils n'usaient pas de leur jugement personnel dans le traitement des tâches d'État. Contrairement à la plupart des exécutifs actuels, leurs tâches leur étaient assignées directement par décret sénatorial<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a>, sous l'autorité du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senatus_Populusque_Romanus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Senatus Populusque Romanus">Sénat et du Peuple romain (SPQR)</a>, et ils pouvaient être accusés de trahison pour non-application des décrets du Sénat. L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asynd%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asyndète">asyndète</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a> do, dico, addico<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MacrobeMacrobe1,_16,_16-13">[13]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OvideOvide1,_47-14">[14]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-VarronVarron6,_30-15">[15]</a> (en français : je donne, je dis, j’adjuge<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a>) résume l'activité judiciaire du préteur<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Haut-Empire">Haut-Empire</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Haut-Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Historique">Historique</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Historique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> De 8 au début du règne d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste">Auguste</a>, le nombre de préteurs passe à 16 à la fin de son règne, puis il fluctue — quinze sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tib%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tibère">Tibère</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caligula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caligula">Caligula</a><abbr_class="abbr_"_title="chapitre(s)"_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JacquesScheid201056<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2-18">[18]</a> ; entre quatorze et dix-huit sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claude_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claude (empereur romain)">Claude</a><abbr_class="abbr_"_title="chapitre(s)"_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JacquesScheid201056<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2-18">[18]</a> ; dix-sept de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Titus_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Titus (empereur romain)">Titus</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nerva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nerva">Nerva</a><abbr_class="abbr_"_title="chapitre(s)"_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_18-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JacquesScheid201056<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2-18">[18]</a> — avant de se stabiliser à dix-huit<abbr_class="abbr_"_title="chapitre(s)"_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_18-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JacquesScheid201056<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2-18">[18]</a>— nombre qui figure dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digeste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digeste">Digeste</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lass%C3%A8re2005652-19">[19]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Digeste''Digeste''1,_2,_32-20">[20]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[N 1]</a> —. En 336, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantin_Ier_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantin Ier (empereur romain)">Constantin Ier</a> abandonne la désignation des préteurs et la confie aux sénateurs, et crée un troisième préteur, dit préteur triomphal. C'est désormais l'accession à la préture qui permet l'inscription au Sénat, et non plus la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Questeur_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Questeur (Rome antique)">questure</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chastagnol214-22">[21]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Rôle">Rôle</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Rôle" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> Les préteurs sont compétents pour les procès entre privés, avec tirage au sort pour l'attribution des diverses juridictions. Ils établissent les listes de jurés chargés de juger pour leur temps de magistrature, à partir d'une liste générale établie par l'empereur. Quelques charges de préteurs sont plus spécialisées. Entre les règnes d'Auguste et de Claude, deux préteurs sont chargés de la gestion du trésor public (praetores aerarium). Probablement depuis Auguste, un autre préteur, le praetor hastarius, préside la cour des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centumvirs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centumvirs">centumvirs</a>, chargés des affaires de successions. Nerva en charge un autre de présider les tribunaux chargés des litiges entre le fisc impérial et les particuliers<abbr_class="abbr_"_title="chapitre(s)"_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_18-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JacquesScheid201056<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2-18">[18]</a>. Le rôle juridique des préteurs diminue avec l'abandon progressif des procédures anciennes, et la prépondérance sur celles-ci de la procédure de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cognitio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cognitio">cognitio</a> impériale. À la fin du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IIIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle">IIIe</abbr> siècle</a>, il ne subsiste que deux préteurs à Rome, le préteur urbain chargé des procès de liberté, relatifs aux affranchissements, et des affaires de successions, et le préteur des tutelles, créé par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marc_Aur%C3%A8le?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marc Aurèle">Marc Aurèle</a>. En dehors de cette activité judiciaire spécialisée et localisée à Rome, la principale activité des préteurs consiste à célébrer des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeux_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeux (Rome antique)">jeux</a> à l'occasion de leur entrée en charge le <abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1er</abbr> janvier<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[22]</a>. Les compétences juridiques des préteurs sont formalisées par la loi de 359<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[23]</a>. Le préteur est témoin de l'affranchissement d'un esclave par son maître, et juge en cas de contestation (« procès de liberté »). Il est compétent pour attribuer un tuteur à un enfant mineur, ou nommer un curateur pour un fou ou un prodigue, et officialiser la restitution des biens lorsque la tutelle ou la curatelle prend fin. Sont aussi de sa compétence les formalités d'adoption ou d'émancipation d'un fils, les demandes de jouissance d'un héritage, les conflits de successions, les désaccords entre pupille et tuteur. Ces affaires sont réparties entre les deux préteurs, puis les trois<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chastagnol214-22">[21]</a>. Une autre fonction dévolue aux préteurs est l'organisation et la tenue des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeux_(Rome_antique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeux (Rome antique)">jeux</a>, à leur entrée en charge au <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">Ier</abbr> janvier et pendant sept jours. Ces jeux comprennent des représentations au théâtre, des exhibitions de fauves et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venatio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Venatio">chasses</a> à l'amphithéâtre, des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Courses_de_chars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Courses de chars">courses de chars</a> au cirque<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[24]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chastagnol215-26">[25]</a>. Vers 315, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantin_Ier_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantin Ier (empereur romain)">Constantin Ier</a> impose de surcroît que chaque préteur dépense une somme minimale en cadeaux distribués à ses amis et aux spectateurs : vêtements de soie, objets en ivoire ou en argent, plats en métal, médaillons, pièces de monnaie, etc. Cette somme doit être déposée à l'avance pour contrôle, à défaut le préteur est condamné à une amende de 50 000 boisseaux de blé, et la dépense est assurée par le fisc, avec obligation de remboursement ultérieur par le préteur défaillant<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chastagnol215-26">[25]</a>. L'historien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zosime_(historien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zosime (historien)">Zosime</a> y voit une volonté de ruiner la noblesse, critique qui reflète probablement le mécontentement de l'aristocratie romaine<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[26]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Fin_de_la_préture">Fin de la préture</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Fin de la préture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> La préture de Rome est mentionnée deux fois au milieu du <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle">Ve</abbr> siècle<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chastagnol1958252-28">[27]</a>. Elle se maintient sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odoacre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odoacre">Odoacre</a> (<time datetime="0476" data-sort-value="0476">476</time>-<time datetime="0493" data-sort-value="0493">493</time>) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9odoric_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théodoric le Grand">Théodoric</a> (<time datetime="0493" data-sort-value="0493">493</time>-<time datetime="0526" data-sort-value="0526">526</time>)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chastagnol1958252-28">[27]</a>. Elle est signalée pour la dernière fois par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bo%C3%A8ce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boèce">Boèce</a> en <time datetime="0523" data-sort-value="0523">523</time><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chastagnol1958252-28">[27]</a>. Elle semble avoir été supprimée peu de temps après la mort de Théodoric<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chastagnol1958252-28">[27]</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Propréteur">Propréteur</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Propréteur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Propréteur">Propréteur</a>. </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Droit_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Droit romain">Droit romain</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Droit_romano-civiliste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Droit romano-civiliste">Droit romaniste ou romano-civiliste</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_law?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common law">Common law</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_du_droit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire du droit">Histoire du droit</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_du_droit_au_Qu%C3%A9bec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire du droit au Québec">Histoire du droit au Québec</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Notes_et_références">Notes et références</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> Le dénombrement des préteurs qui figure dans le Digeste (1, 2, 27-28 et 32) est extrait de l'Enchiridion de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sextus_Pomponius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sextus Pomponius">Pomponius</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lass%C3%A8re2005652-19">[19]</a>.</li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Références">Références</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> A. Ernout et A. Meillet, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine, Librairie Klincksieck, Paris, 1967, p. 533.</li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Piganiol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Piganiol">André Piganiol</a>, La conquête romaine, Presses universitaires de France, 1967, p. 194-195.</li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> Jean Béranger, « <cite style="font-style:normal">L'hérédité dynastique dans l'Histoire Auguste : procédé et tradition</cite> », Antiquitas,‎ <time>1974</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> 1-20<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=L%27h%C3%A9r%C3%A9dit%C3%A9+dynastique+dans+l%27%27%27Histoire+Auguste%27%27&rft.jtitle=Antiquitas&rft.stitle=proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9+et+tradition&rft.aulast=B%C3%A9ranger&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=1974&rft.pages=1-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APr%C3%A9teur"> — <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 8.</li> <li id="cite_note-Richard1978117<span_class="nowrap"><abbr_class="abbr_"_title="chapitre(s)"_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Richard1978117<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_4-0">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Richard1978">Richard 1978</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> 2, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-Richard1978117,_<span_class="nowrap"><abbr_class="abbr_"_title="note(s)"_>n.</abbr>&nbsp;138<span_class="nowrap"><abbr_class="abbr_"_title="chapitre(s)"_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Richard1978117,_<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22note(s)%22_>n.</abbr>&nbsp;138<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_5-0">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Richard1978">Richard 1978</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> 2, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 117, <abbr class="abbr" title="note(s)">n.</abbr> 138. </li> <li id="cite_note-Deniaux94-6">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Deniaux94_6-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Deniaux94_6-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Deniaux94_6-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Deniaux2001">Deniaux 2001</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 94</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> Pierre Grimal, op.cit. p. 470.</li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#C%C3%A9beillac-GervasoniChauvotMartin2003">Cébeillac-Gervasoni, Chauvot et Martin 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 103</li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#C%C3%A9beillac-GervasoniChauvotMartin2003">Cébeillac-Gervasoni, Chauvot et Martin 2003</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 130</li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> André Piganiol, La conquête romaine, Presses universitaires de France, 1967, p. 463 et 556. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Carcopino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jérôme Carcopino">Jérôme Carcopino</a>, Jules César, Presses universitaires de France, 1968, p. 484.</li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> Sur les sénatus-consultes, voir Pierre Grimal, op.cit. p. 135 à 138.</li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> Anna Orlandini et Paolo Poccetti, <cite style="font-style:normal">« Structures à marqueur zéro en latin et dans les langues de l'Italie ancienne »</cite>, dans Marie-José Béguelin, Mathieu Avanzi et Gilles Corminboeuf (éd. et av.-prop.), <cite class="italique">La parataxe</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1er</abbr> : Entre dépendance et intégration (actes du colloque international sur la parataxe, tenu à l'université de Neuchâtel du <time datetime="2005-02-12" data-sort-value="2005-02-12">12</time> au <time class="nowrap" datetime="2005-02-15" data-sort-value="2005-02-15">15 février 2005</time>, avec le soutien des universités du réseau BeNeFri, de l'Académie suisse des sciences humaines, du Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique, et du projet Encyclopédie grammaticale du français), Berne, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Lang_(maison_d%27%C3%A9dition)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Lang (maison d'édition)">P. Lang</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Sciences pour la communication » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">no</abbr> 91), <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-04" data-sort-value="2010-04">avril 2010</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="première">1re</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 1 vol., <abbr class="abbr" title="17">XVII</abbr>-485, 14 × 21 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre">cm</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-0343-0411-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-0343-0411-5">978-3-0343-0411-5</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EAN_13?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="EAN 13">EAN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9783034304115?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9783034304115">9783034304115</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/690177973">690177973</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.3726/978-3-0352-0025-6">10.3726/978-3-0352-0025-6</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sudoc.fr/145601870">145601870</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.peterlang.com/view/title/35019">présentation en ligne</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DBrZ29B1pGvcC">lire en ligne</a>), sect. 4, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> 5, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> 461-485<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=La+parataxe&rft.atitle=Structures+%C3%A0+marqueur+z%C3%A9ro+en+latin+et+dans+les+langues+de+l%27Italie+ancienne&rft.place=Berne&rft.pub=P.+Lang&rft.edition=1&rft.aulast=Orlandini&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.au=Poccetti%2C+Paolo&rft.date=2010-04&rft.pages=461-485&rft.tpages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1+vol.%3C%2Fspan%3E%2C+%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr+%22+title%3D%2217%22+%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22+style%3D%22text-transform%3Auppercase%22%3EXVII%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E-485&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3726%2F978-3-0352-0025-6&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F690177973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APr%C3%A9teur">.</li> <li id="cite_note-MacrobeMacrobe1,_16,_16-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MacrobeMacrobe1,_16,_16_13-0">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Macrobe">Macrobe</a>, 1, 16, 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-OvideOvide1,_47-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OvideOvide1,_47_14-0">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ovide">Ovide</a>, 1, 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-VarronVarron6,_30-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-VarronVarron6,_30_15-0">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Varron">Varron</a>, 6, 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.locutio.net/encyclopedie/dies-nefasti-per-quos-dies-nefas-fari-praetorem-do-dico-addico/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Dies nefasti, per quos dies nefas fari praetorem: do, dico, addico</cite></a> », sur Locutio (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-09-02" data-sort-value="2022-09-02">2 septembre 2022</time>)</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> Jacques-Henri Michel, <cite class="italique">Le vocabulaire latin des institutions romaines : suivi des fragments de la loi des <abbr class="abbr" title="12">XII</abbr> Tables</cite>, Bruxelles, Centre de documentation pédagogique, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Cahiers du CeDoP » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">no</abbr> 68), <time>2001</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="première">1re</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 1 vol., 129, 30 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre">cm</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-930089-65-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-930089-65-2">978-2-930089-65-2</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/494303083">494303083</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sudoc.fr/118224182">118224182</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www2.ulb.ac.be/docs/cedop/index_5.html">présentation en ligne</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.scribd.com/document/192693553/Dictionaire-Institutions-Latines">lire en ligne</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="sub verbo (« à l'article »)">s.v.</abbr>do, dico, addico, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 36<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+vocabulaire+latin+des+institutions+romaines&rft.place=Bruxelles&rft.pub=Centre+de+documentation+p%C3%A9dagogique&rft.edition=1&rft.stitle=suivi+des+fragments+de+la+loi+des+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr+%22+title%3D%2212%22+%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22+style%3D%22text-transform%3Auppercase%22%3EXII%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E+Tables%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.aulast=Michel&rft.aufirst=Jacques-Henri&rft.date=2001&rft.pages=36&rft.tpages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1+vol.%3C%2Fspan%3E%2C+129&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F494303083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APr%C3%A9teur">.</li> <li id="cite_note-JacquesScheid201056<span_class="nowrap"><abbr_class="abbr_"_title="chapitre(s)"_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2-18">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-JacquesScheid201056<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_18-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-JacquesScheid201056<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_18-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-JacquesScheid201056<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_18-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-JacquesScheid201056<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_18-3">d</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-JacquesScheid201056<span_class=%22nowrap%22><abbr_class=%22abbr_%22_title=%22chapitre(s)%22_>chap.</abbr>&nbsp;2_18-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#JacquesScheid2010">Jacques et Scheid 2010</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="chapitre(s)">chap.</abbr> 2, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lassère2005652-19">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lass%C3%A8re2005652_19-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lass%C3%A8re2005652_19-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lass%C3%A8re2005">Lassère 2005</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 652. </li> <li id="cite_note-Digeste''Digeste''1,_2,_32-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Digeste''Digeste''1,_2,_32_20-0">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Digeste">Digeste</a>, 1, 2, 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-Chastagnol214-22">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chastagnol214_22-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chastagnol214_22-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chastagnol1994">Chastagnol 1994</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 214</li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chastagnol1994">Chastagnol 1994</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 70</li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Code_th%C3%A9odosien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Code théodosien">Code théodosien</a>, VI, 4, 16</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Code_th%C3%A9odosien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Code théodosien">Code théodosien</a>, VI, 4, 4</li> <li id="cite_note-Chastagnol215-26">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chastagnol215_26-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chastagnol215_26-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chastagnol1994">Chastagnol 1994</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 215</li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zosime_(historien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zosime (historien)">Zosime</a>, Histoire nouvelle, II, 38, 3</li> <li id="cite_note-Chastagnol1958252-28">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chastagnol1958252_28-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chastagnol1958252_28-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chastagnol1958252_28-2">c</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chastagnol1958252_28-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Chastagnol1958">Chastagnol 1958</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 252. </li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Voir_aussi_2">Voir aussi</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sources_littéraires_antiques">Sources littéraires antiques</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sources littéraires antiques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <ul> <li>[Macrobe] <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macrobe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macrobe">Macrobe</a>, <cite class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saturnales_(Macrobe)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saturnales (Macrobe)">Saturnales</a></cite> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13181235v.public">13181235</a>).</li> <li>[Ovide] <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ovide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ovide">Ovide</a>, <cite class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fastes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fastes">Fastes</a></cite> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12213123n.public">12213123</a>) [<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence:Fastes_(Ovide)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Référence:Fastes (Ovide)">détail des éditions</a>].</li> <li>[Varron] <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Varron_(%C3%A9crivain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Varron (écrivain)">Varron</a>, <cite class="italique">Langue latine</cite> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12425965t.public">12425965</a>).</li> <li>[Digeste] <cite class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digeste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digeste">Digeste</a></cite> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13736027w.public">13736027</a>).</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mireille_C%C3%A9beillac-Gervasoni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mireille Cébeillac-Gervasoni">Mireille Cébeillac-Gervasoni</a>, Alain Chauvot et Jean-Pierre Martin, <cite class="italique">Histoire romaine</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_Colin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2003</time>, 471 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-200-26587-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-200-26587-5">2-200-26587-5</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+romaine&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.aulast=C%C3%A9beillac-Gervasoni&rft.aufirst=Mireille&rft.au=Chauvot%2C+Alain&rft.au=Martin%2C+Jean-Pierre&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=471&rft.isbn=2-200-26587-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APr%C3%A9teur"></li> <li>[Chastagnol 1958] <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Chastagnol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Chastagnol">André Chastagnol</a>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Observations sur le consulat suffect et la préture du Bas-Empire</cite> », <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revue_historique_(France)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revue historique (France)">Revue historique</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="219">CCXIX</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">no</abbr> 2,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1958" data-sort-value="1958">avril-juin 1958</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> 221-253 (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/491786076">491786076</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jstor.org/stable/40948997">40948997</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sudoc.fr/085390496">085390496</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k18320j/f225">lire en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Observations+sur+le+consulat+suffect+et+la+pr%C3%A9ture+du+Bas-Empire&rft.jtitle=Revue+historique&rft.issue=2&rft.aulast=Chastagnol&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.date=1958&rft.pages=221-253&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F491786076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APr%C3%A9teur">.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Chastagnol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Chastagnol">André Chastagnol</a>, <cite class="italique">L'évolution politique, sociale et économique du monde romain de Dioclétien à Julien : La mise en place du régime du Bas-Empire (284-363)</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CDU_Sedes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CDU Sedes">Sedes</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Regards sur l'histoire » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">no</abbr> 47), <time>1994</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="première">1re</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> 1985), 394 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-7181-3552-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-7181-3552-2">2-7181-3552-2</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27%C3%A9volution+politique%2C+sociale+et+%C3%A9conomique+du+monde+romain+de+Diocl%C3%A9tien+%C3%A0+Julien+%3A+La+mise+en+place+du+r%C3%A9gime+du+Bas-Empire+%28284-363%29&rft.pub=Sedes&rft.aulast=Chastagnol&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.date=1994&rft.tpages=394&rft.isbn=2-7181-3552-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APr%C3%A9teur"></li> <li>Élisabeth Deniaux, <cite class="italique">Rome, de la Cité-État à l'Empire, Institutions et vie politique</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hachette_Livre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hachette Livre">Hachette</a>, <time>2001</time>, 256 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-01-017028-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-01-017028-8">2-01-017028-8</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome%2C+de+la+Cit%C3%A9-%C3%89tat+%C3%A0+l%27Empire%2C+Institutions+et+vie+politique&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.aulast=Deniaux&rft.aufirst=%C3%89lisabeth&rft.date=2001&rft.tpages=256&rft.isbn=2-01-017028-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APr%C3%A9teur"></li> <li>G. Hacquard, J. Dautry, et O. Maisani, Guide romain antique, Classiques Hachette, 1972</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Grimal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Grimal">Pierre Grimal</a>, La civilisation romaine, Arthaud, 1968</li> <li>[Lassère 2005] <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lass%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Marie Lassère">Jean-Marie Lassère</a>, <cite class="italique">Manuel d'épigraphie romaine</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 2 : L'État – Index, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Picard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Picard">Picard</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Antiquité / Synthèses » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">no</abbr> 8), <time class="nowrap" datetime="2005-05" data-sort-value="2005-05">mai 2005</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="première">1re</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 1 vol., <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> [565]-1167, 17 × 24 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre">cm</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EAN_13?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="EAN 13">EAN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782708407329?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782708407329">9782708407329</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/492553238">492553238</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39992069g.public">39992069</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sudoc.fr/095215107">095215107</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://pelwww.free.fr/catalogues/Catalogue_Editions_2016-11-00_monochrome.pdf">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manuel+d%27%C3%A9pigraphie+romaine&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Picard&rft.edition=1&rft.aulast=Lass%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&rft.date=2005-05&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F492553238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APr%C3%A9teur">.</li> <li>[Richard 1978] Jean-Claude Richard, <cite class="italique">Les origines de la plèbe romaine : essai sur la formation du dualisme patricio-plébéien</cite>, Rome, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89cole_fran%C3%A7aise_de_Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="École française de Rome">École française de Rome</a> (diff. Paris, De Boccard), <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">no</abbr> 232), <time>1978</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="réimpression">réimpr.</abbr> 2015), <abbr class="abbr" title="première">1re</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 1 vol., <abbr class="abbr" title="19">XIX</abbr>-653, 17,5 × 24 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre">cm</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/301548785">301548785</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb346072900.public">34607290</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.3406/befar.1978.1224">10.3406/befar.1978.1224</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sudoc.fr/060951206">060951206</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.publications.efrome.it/opencms/opencms/les_origines_de_la_pl%25C3%25A8be_romaine._essai_sur_la_formation_du_dualisme_patricio-pl%25C3%25A9b%25C3%25A9ien._45d361a8-8c2e-11e0-9a66-000c291eeace.html">présentation en ligne</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.persee.fr/doc/befar_0257-4101_1978_mon_232_1">lire en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+origines+de+la+pl%C3%A8be+romaine&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=%C3%89cole+fran%C3%A7aise+de+Rome&rft.edition=1&rft.stitle=essai+sur+la+formation+du+dualisme+patricio-pl%C3%A9b%C3%A9ien&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rft.date=1978&rft.tpages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1+vol.%3C%2Fspan%3E%2C+%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr+%22+title%3D%2219%22+%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22+style%3D%22text-transform%3Auppercase%22%3EXIX%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E-653&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fbefar.1978.1224&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F301548785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APr%C3%A9teur">.  <noscript> <img alt="Ouvrage utilisé pour la rédaction de l'article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="158"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" data-alt="Ouvrage utilisé pour la rédaction de l'article" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/30px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </li> <li>[Jacques et Scheid 2010] <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacques_(historien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Jacques (historien)">François Jacques</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Scheid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Scheid">John Scheid</a>, <cite class="italique">Rome et l'intégration de l'Empire : <time class="nowrap" datetime="U-0043" data-sort-value="U-0043">44 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></time> – <time class="nowrap" datetime="0260" data-sort-value="0260">260 <abbr class="abbr" title="après Jésus-Christ">apr. J.-C.</abbr></time></cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1er</abbr> : Les structures de l'Empire romain, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presses universitaires de France">Presses universitaires de France</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Nouvelle Clio », <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-05" data-sort-value="2010-05">mai 2010</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="septième">7e</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> (<abbr class="abbr" title="première">1re</abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> <time class="nowrap" datetime="1990-11" data-sort-value="1990-11">novembre 1990</time>), 1 vol., <abbr class="abbr" title="54">LIV</abbr>-412, 15 × 21,7 <abbr class="abbr" title="centimètre">cm</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-13-058247-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-13-058247-2">978-2-13-058247-2</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EAN_13?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="EAN 13">EAN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782130582472?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782130582472">9782130582472</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/690415719">690415719</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb422217449.public">42221744</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sudoc.fr/14422271X">14422271X</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.puf.com/content/Rome_et_lint%25C3%25A9gration_de_lEmpire_44_av_J-C-260_ap_J-C_Tome_1">présentation en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+et+l%27int%C3%A9gration+de+l%27Empire&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.edition=7&rft.stitle=%3Ctime+class%3D%22nowrap%22+datetime%3D%22U-0043%22+data-sort-value%3D%22U-0043%22%3E44+%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%22avant+J%C3%A9sus-Christ%22%3Eav.+J.-C.%3C%2Fabbr%3E%3C%2Ftime%3E+%E2%80%93+%3Ctime+class%3D%22nowrap%22+datetime%3D%220260%22+data-sort-value%3D%220260%22%3E260+%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%22apr%C3%A8s+J%C3%A9sus-Christ%22%3Eapr.+J.-C.%3C%2Fabbr%3E%3C%2Ftime%3E&rft.aulast=Jacques&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Scheid%2C+John&rft.date=2010-05&rft.tpages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1+vol.%3C%2Fspan%3E%2C+%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr+%22+title%3D%2254%22+%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22romain%22+style%3D%22text-transform%3Auppercase%22%3ELIV%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E-412&rft.isbn=978-2-13-058247-2&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F690415719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APr%C3%A9teur">.  <noscript> <img alt="Ouvrage utilisé pour la rédaction de l'article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="158"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/20px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png" data-alt="Ouvrage utilisé pour la rédaction de l'article" data-width="20" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/30px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Icon_flat_design_plume.svg/40px-Icon_flat_design_plume.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3> <a role="button" 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de la Rome antique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png/29px-Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="316"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 29px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png/29px-Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="29" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png/43px-Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png/58px-Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a 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href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%A9teur&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Dernière modification le 2 septembre 2022, à 10:18 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1" title="بريتور – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بريتور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Прэтар – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прэтар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Претор – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Претор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Praetor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Praetor" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Praetor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetur" title="Praetur – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Praetur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Praetor" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A0%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CE%25AF%25CF%2584%25CE%25BF%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2582" title="Πραίτορας – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πραίτορας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Praetor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoro" title="Pretoro – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pretoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preetor" title="Preetor – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Preetor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretore" title="Pretore – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pretore" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1" title="پرایتور – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرایتور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preettori" title="Preettori – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Preettori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%2599%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8" title="פראיטור – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פראיטור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="प्रीतर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रीतर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Praetor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258A%25D6%2580%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2580" title="Պրետոր – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պրետոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoro" title="Pretoro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pretoro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretore_(storia_romana)" title="Pretore (storia romana) – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pretore (storia romana)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2597%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2582%25A8%25E3%2583%2588%25E3%2583%25AB" title="プラエトル – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プラエトル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598" title="პრეტორი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პრეტორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25B2%2595%25EB%25AC%25B4%25EA%25B4%2580" title="법무관 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="법무관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Praetor" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorius" title="Pretorius – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pretorius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580_(%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0)" title="Претор (титула) – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Претор (титула)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Praetor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Praetor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Претор – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Претор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Praetor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%25C3%25A9tor" title="Prétor – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prétor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Претор – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Претор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Praetor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetor" title="Praetor – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Praetor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Претор – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Претор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pretor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25BE%2585%25E9%25A6%25AC%25E6%25B0%2591%25E9%2581%25B8%25E5%25AE%2598" title="羅馬民選官 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅馬民選官" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist 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