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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principale</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigazione </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Visita la pagina principale [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principale</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:UltimeModifiche" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche del sito [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ultime modifiche</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PaginaCasuale" title="Mostra una pagina a caso [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una voce a caso</span></a></li><li id="n-nearby-pages-title" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:NelleVicinanze"><span>Nelle vicinanze</span></a></li><li id="n-vetrina" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vetrina"><span>Vetrina</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Aiuto" title="Pagine di aiuto"><span>Aiuto</span></a></li><li id="n-Sportello-informazioni" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Sportello_informazioni"><span>Sportello informazioni</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunità" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunità" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunità </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Tormalina" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> 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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Tormalina" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tormaline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tormaline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tormaline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tormaline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genesi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Genesi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genesi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caratteristiche_chimico-fisiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caratteristiche_chimico-fisiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Caratteristiche chimico-fisiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caratteristiche_chimico-fisiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilizzi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilizzi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Utilizzi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilizzi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tormaline_notevoli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tormaline_notevoli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tormaline notevoli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tormaline_notevoli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supergruppo_della_tormalina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supergruppo_della_tormalina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Supergruppo della tormalina</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Supergruppo_della_tormalina-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Supergruppo della tormalina</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Supergruppo_della_tormalina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minerali_del_supergruppo_della_tormalina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minerali_del_supergruppo_della_tormalina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Minerali del supergruppo della tormalina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minerali_del_supergruppo_della_tormalina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tormalina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 59 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تورمالين - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تورمالين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalin" title="Turmalin - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Turmalin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tormal%C4%97ns" title="Tormalėns - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tormalėns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Турмаліны - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турмаліны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Турмаліны - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турмаліны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Турмалин - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турмалин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalina" title="Turmalina - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turmalina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmal%C3%ADn" title="Turmalín - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turmalín" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalin" title="Turmalin - kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Turmalin" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalin" title="Turmalin - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Turmalin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalingruppe" title="Turmalingruppe - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turmalingruppe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Τουρμαλίνης - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρμαλίνης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tourmaline" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalina" title="Turmalina - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turmalina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalina" title="Turmalina - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turmalina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalina" title="Turmalina - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Turmalina" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86" title="تورمالین - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تورمالین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmaliini" title="Turmaliini - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turmaliini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tourmaline" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArmail%C3%ADn" title="Túrmailín - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Túrmailín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalina" title="Turmalina - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turmalina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F" title="טורמלין - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורמלין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="टूरमैलीन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टूरमैलीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalini" title="Turmalini - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turmalini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalincsoport" title="Turmalincsoport - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Turmalincsoport" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Տուրմալին - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տուրմալին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalin" title="Turmalin - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turmalin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalino" title="Turmalino - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turmalino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="トルマリン - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルマリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Турмалин - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Турмалин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0%EC%84%9D" title="전기석 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전기석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Турмалин - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Турмалин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalinas" title="Turmalinas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turmalinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmal%C4%ABns" title="Turmalīns - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turmalīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tormalinina" title="Tormalinina - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tormalinina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ടൂർമലിൻ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടൂർമലിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tourmaline" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toermalijn" title="Toermalijn - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toermalijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalin" title="Turmalin - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Turmalin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalin" title="Turmalin - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Turmalin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tormalina" title="Tormalina - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tormalina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmaliny" title="Turmaliny - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turmaliny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalina" title="Turmalina - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turmalina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalin%C4%83" title="Turmalină - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turmalină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Турмалин - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турмалин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Турмалиин - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Турмалиин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tourmaline" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalini" title="Turmalini - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turmalini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92" title="තෝරමල්ලි - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තෝරමල්ලි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skupina_turmal%C3%ADnu" title="Skupina turmalínu - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Skupina turmalínu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalin" title="Turmalin - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turmalin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalin" title="Turmalin - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Turmalin" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmaliner" title="Turmaliner - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turmaliner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ทัวร์มาลีน - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทัวร์มาลีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalin" title="Turmalin - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Turmalin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Турмаліни - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Турмаліни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turmalin" title="Turmalin - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turmalin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourmalin" title="Tourmalin - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tourmalin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E7%9F%B3" title="電氣石 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電氣石" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179911#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tormalina" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Tormalina" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tormalina"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Tormalina" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Tormalina" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&oldid=143585802" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Tormalina&id=143585802&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTormalina"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTormalina"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tormalina"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tormalina&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tourmaline" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179911" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r143074810">.mw-parser-output .sinottico{background-color:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;border-spacing:0;clear:right;float:right;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em;margin:0 0 1em 1.5em;width:280px}.mw-parser-output .sinottico caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){background-color:#f3f3f3;border-right:1px solid #e5e5e8;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr:not(:last-child)>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr:not(:last-child)>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th{border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){padding:.25em .4em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td>hr:only-child{margin:0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico ul{margin:0 0 0 1em;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata{border-spacing:0;margin:0 -.4em;width:calc(100% + calc(.4em*2))}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child{margin-bottom:-.2em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>th{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione+.sinottico_divisione>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata+.sinottico_divisione>th{border-top:2px solid #f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione th{background-color:#eeeeee;padding:.15em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede{text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#EFEFEF}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede2{background-color:white;font-size:xx-small;padding-bottom:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_sottotitolo{font-size:80%}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata th{background-color:#dedede;font-size:116%;padding:.2em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testo_centrale{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#a0ffa0">Tormalina</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Elbaite_with_albite_-_S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira,_Minas_Gerais,_Brazil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Elbaite_with_albite_-_S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira%2C_Minas_Gerais%2C_Brazil.jpg/236px-Elbaite_with_albite_-_S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira%2C_Minas_Gerais%2C_Brazil.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Elbaite_with_albite_-_S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira%2C_Minas_Gerais%2C_Brazil.jpg/353px-Elbaite_with_albite_-_S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira%2C_Minas_Gerais%2C_Brazil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Elbaite_with_albite_-_S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira%2C_Minas_Gerais%2C_Brazil.jpg/471px-Elbaite_with_albite_-_S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_da_Safira%2C_Minas_Gerais%2C_Brazil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="5600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Classificazione_Strunz" title="Classificazione Strunz">Classificazione Strunz</a></th><td>9.CK.05 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Formula_bruta" title="Formula bruta">Formula chimica</a></th><td>(Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>,Ca<sup>2+</sup>)(Li<sup>+</sup>,Mg<sup>2+</sup>,Fe<sup>2+</sup>,Al<sup>3+</sup>,Ti<sup>4+</sup>,Mn<sup>2+</sup>)<sub>3</sub> (Al<sup>3+</sup>,Cr<sup>3+</sup>,Fe<sup>3+</sup>,V<sup>3+</sup>)<sub>6</sub> (BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>[Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>](OH)<sub>4</sub> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#a0ffa0">Proprietà cristallografiche</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Gruppo_cristallino" title="Gruppo cristallino">Gruppo cristallino</a></th><td>dimetrico </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Sistema_cristallino" title="Sistema cristallino">Sistema cristallino</a></th><td>trigonale </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Classe_di_simmetria" title="Classe di simmetria">Classe di simmetria</a></th><td>Silicati </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#a0ffa0">Proprietà fisiche</th></tr><tr><th>Densità</th><td>da 2,9 a 3,2<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> g/cm³ </td></tr><tr><th>Durezza (<a href="/wiki/Scala_di_Mohs" title="Scala di Mohs">Mohs</a>)</th><td>7-7,5<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Sfaldatura" title="Sfaldatura">Sfaldatura</a></th><td>imperfetta secondo {1011}<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Frattura_(mineralogia)" title="Frattura (mineralogia)">Frattura</a></th><td>da irregolare a concoide<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th>Colore</th><td>Vario<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th>Lucentezza</th><td>vitrea, subadamantina, resinosa<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th>Opacità</th><td>opaca, traslucida, trasparente<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Striscio" title="Striscio">Striscio</a></th><td>Vario<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th>Diffusione</th><td>diffusa<sup id="cite_ref-Mottana,_Crespi,_Liborio_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mottana,_Crespi,_Liborio-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="sinottico_piede" style="background:#a0ffa0"><small>Si invita a seguire lo schema di <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Modello_di_voce/Minerali/Esempio" title="Wikipedia:Modello di voce/Minerali/Esempio">Modello di voce – Minerale</a></i></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tourmaline_gisements.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Tourmaline_gisements.jpg/220px-Tourmaline_gisements.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Tourmaline_gisements.jpg/330px-Tourmaline_gisements.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Tourmaline_gisements.jpg/440px-Tourmaline_gisements.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption>Principali paesi produttori di tormaline</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turmalin_arbuzowy,_2Madagaskar_dolina_Sahatny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Turmalin_arbuzowy%2C_2Madagaskar_dolina_Sahatny.jpg/220px-Turmalin_arbuzowy%2C_2Madagaskar_dolina_Sahatny.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Turmalin_arbuzowy%2C_2Madagaskar_dolina_Sahatny.jpg/330px-Turmalin_arbuzowy%2C_2Madagaskar_dolina_Sahatny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Turmalin_arbuzowy%2C_2Madagaskar_dolina_Sahatny.jpg/440px-Turmalin_arbuzowy%2C_2Madagaskar_dolina_Sahatny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Tormalina policroma del <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Le <b>tormaline</b> sono un gruppo di <a href="/wiki/Minerale" title="Minerale">minerali</a> appartenenti alla classe dei <a href="/wiki/Silicati" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicati">silicati</a>, ordine dei <a href="/wiki/Ciclosilicati" title="Ciclosilicati">ciclosilicati</a>. </p><p>Il nome deriva dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_singalese" title="Lingua singalese">cingalese</a> <i>turmali</i><sup id="cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Agostini-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> che significa letteralmente <i>pacco misto</i> ossia <i>pietra di vari colori</i>, indicava in passato il nome dei cristalli portati in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> dal <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a>. </p><p>Il <a href="/wiki/Cristallo" title="Cristallo">cristallo</a> appartiene al sistema trigonale, si presenta <a href="/wiki/Prisma" title="Prisma">prismatico</a>, molto allungato, striato verticalmente e a volte con sviluppo disuguale alle due estremità dell'asse verticale. </p><p>Il suo colore dipende dalla composizione chimica e può non essere uniforme nel cristallo. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tormaline">Tormaline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Tormaline" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tormaline"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nella più recente classificazione di Nickel-Strunz (10ª edizione) esistono diversi tipi (sottogruppi) e varianti di tormaline, divise in base alla composizione chimica e al colore: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adachiite" title="Adachiite">adachiite</a></i>, CaFe<sup>2+</sup><sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>(Si<sub>5</sub>AlO<sub>18</sub>)(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bosiite" title="Bosiite">bosiite</a></i>, NaFe<sup>3+</sup><sub>3</sub>(Al<sub>4</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buergerite" class="mw-redirect" title="Buergerite">buergerite</a></i> v. <i>flour-buergerite</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cromodravite" class="mw-redirect" title="Cromodravite">cromodravite</a></i>, NaMg<sub>3</sub>Cr<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ossicromodravite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossicromodravite (la pagina non esiste)">ossicromodravite</a></i>, NaCr<sub>3</sub>(Mg<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>4</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O</li></ul></li> <li><i>cromo-allumino-povondraite</i>, NaCr<sub>3</sub>(Al<sub>4</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darrellhenryite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darrellhenryite (la pagina non esiste)">darrellhenryite</a></i>, NaLiAl<sub>2</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dravite" title="Dravite">dravite</a></i>, NaMg<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>[(OH)<sub>4</sub>/(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>]; (da giallo scuro a bruno) <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ossidravite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossidravite (la pagina non esiste)">ossidravite</a></i>, Na(Al<sub>2</sub>Mg)(Al<sub>5</sub>Mg)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elbaite" title="Elbaite">elbaite</a></i>, Na(Li,Al)<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>[(OH)<sub>4</sub>/(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>]; <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubellite" title="Rubellite">rubellite</a></i> (rosa), Na(Li,Al)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indicolite" title="Indicolite">indicolite</a></i> (blu scuro), Na(Li,Al)<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub></li> <li><i>zaffiro brasiliano</i> (azzurro)</li> <li><i>verdelite</i> o <i>smeraldo brasiliano</i> (verde)</li> <li><i>incolore</i> (acroite)</li> <li><i>paraiba</i> (azzurro molto trasparente)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Feruvite" title="Feruvite">feruvite</a></i>, CaFe<sup>2+</sup><sub>3</sub>(MgAl<sub>5</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fluor-buergerite" title="Fluor-buergerite">fluor-buergerite</a></i>, NaFe<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>[FO<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>];</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fluor-liddicoatite" title="Fluor-liddicoatite">liddicoatite</a></i>, CaLi<sub>2</sub>AlAl<sub>6</sub>[F(OH)<sub>3</sub>/(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>].</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foitite" title="Foitite">foitite</a></i>, (Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>2</sub>Al)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH <ul><li><i>ossifoitite</i></li> <li><i>magnesiofoitite</i>, (Mg<sub>2</sub>Al)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucchesiite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucchesiite (la pagina non esiste)">lucchesiite</a></i>, Ca(Fe<sup>2+</sup>)<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luinaite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luinaite (la pagina non esiste)">luinaite</a></i>, (Na)(Fe<sup>2+</sup>,Mg)<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maruyamaite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maruyamaite (la pagina non esiste)">maruyamaite</a></i>, K(MgAl<sub>2</sub>)(Al<sub>5</sub>Mg)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Olenite" title="Olenite">olenite</a></i>, NaAl<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>OH</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Povondraite" title="Povondraite">povondraite</a></i>, NaFe<sup>3+</sup><sub>3</sub>(Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>4</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rossmanite" title="Rossmanite">rossmanite</a></i>, (LiAl<sub>2</sub>)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sciorlite" title="Sciorlite">sciorlite</a></i>, NaFe<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>[(OH)<sub>4</sub>/BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>]; (da marrone-nero a nero) <ul><li><i>ossisciorlite</i>, Na(Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>2</sub>Al)Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsilaite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsilaite (la pagina non esiste)">tsilaite</a></i>, NaMn<sup>2+</sup><sub>3</sub>Al<sub>6</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>OH</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uvite" title="Uvite">uvite</a></i>, CaMg<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>Mg[(OH)<sub>4</sub>/(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>]; (verde)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanadiodravite" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanadiodravite">vanadiodravite</a></i> <ul><li><i>ossivanadiodravite</i>, NaV<sub>3</sub>(Al<sub>4</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O</li> <li><i>vanadiossocromodravite</i>, NaV<sub>3</sub>(Cr<sub>4</sub>Mg<sub>2</sub>)Si<sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>O</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Esistono varietà policrome nelle quali il colore varia sia a zone concentriche che nel senso dell'allungamento del cristallo. Si possono trovare prevalentemente tormaline di colore rosso, rosa, blu, verde e giallo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genesi">Genesi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Genesi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Genesi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La tormalina è un <a href="/wiki/Minerale_accessorio" title="Minerale accessorio">minerale accessorio</a> comune nelle <a href="/wiki/Rocce_magmatiche" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocce magmatiche">rocce magmatiche</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rocce_metamorfiche" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocce metamorfiche">metamorfiche</a> ed è abbondante nelle <a href="/wiki/Pegmatiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegmatiti">pegmatiti</a>; per via della loro durezza e inalterabilità si possono reperire anche nelle <a href="/wiki/Rocce_sedimentarie" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocce sedimentarie">rocce sedimentarie</a><sup id="cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Agostini-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TORMALINE,_Tormalina%3F,_QUARZO_ROSA,_GNEISS,_TORMALINA_BIANCA_E_ROSA_CON_OSSIDI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/TORMALINE%2C_Tormalina%3F%2C_QUARZO_ROSA%2C_GNEISS%2C_TORMALINA_BIANCA_E_ROSA_CON_OSSIDI.jpg/220px-TORMALINE%2C_Tormalina%3F%2C_QUARZO_ROSA%2C_GNEISS%2C_TORMALINA_BIANCA_E_ROSA_CON_OSSIDI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/TORMALINE%2C_Tormalina%3F%2C_QUARZO_ROSA%2C_GNEISS%2C_TORMALINA_BIANCA_E_ROSA_CON_OSSIDI.jpg/330px-TORMALINE%2C_Tormalina%3F%2C_QUARZO_ROSA%2C_GNEISS%2C_TORMALINA_BIANCA_E_ROSA_CON_OSSIDI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/TORMALINE%2C_Tormalina%3F%2C_QUARZO_ROSA%2C_GNEISS%2C_TORMALINA_BIANCA_E_ROSA_CON_OSSIDI.jpg/440px-TORMALINE%2C_Tormalina%3F%2C_QUARZO_ROSA%2C_GNEISS%2C_TORMALINA_BIANCA_E_ROSA_CON_OSSIDI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="1132" /></a><figcaption>A primo acchito una Tormalina di colore Bianco, presenta sfumature di rosa o anche verdi con <a href="/wiki/Ossido" title="Ossido">Ossidi vari</a>. D'appoggio, <a href="/wiki/Carta" title="Carta">carta</a>, cartoncino, <a href="/wiki/Colla" title="Colla">colla</a>, sullo sfondo <a href="/wiki/Anello" title="Anello">anello</a> <a href="/wiki/Avorio" title="Avorio">avorio</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le varietà limpide più belle provengono dall'<a href="/wiki/Isola_d%27Elba" title="Isola d'Elba">isola d'Elba</a>, dal <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brasile" title="Brasile">Brasile</a>), dagli <a href="/wiki/Urali" title="Urali">Urali</a>, dal <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, da <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambico" title="Mozambico">Mozambico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> e <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">USA</a>. Cristalli opachi ben formati si trovano nelle <a href="/wiki/Pegmatite" title="Pegmatite">pegmatiti</a> <a href="/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi">alpine</a>, ad <a href="/wiki/Olgiasca" class="mw-redirect" title="Olgiasca">Olgiasca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Lecco" title="Provincia di Lecco">LC</a>), <a href="/wiki/Candoglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Candoglia">Candoglia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Craveggia" title="Craveggia">Craveggia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Provincia_del_Verbano-Cusio-Ossola" title="Provincia del Verbano-Cusio-Ossola">VB</a>) <a href="/wiki/Sondalo" title="Sondalo">Sondalo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Provincia_di_Sondrio" title="Provincia di Sondrio">SO</a>) e in <a href="/wiki/Val_di_Vizze" title="Val di Vizze">Val di Vizze</a> (<a href="/wiki/Provincia_autonoma_di_Bolzano" title="Provincia autonoma di Bolzano">BZ</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caratteristiche_chimico-fisiche">Caratteristiche chimico-fisiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche chimico-fisiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Caratteristiche chimico-fisiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le tormaline risultano dotate di <a href="/wiki/Piroelettricit%C3%A0" title="Piroelettricità">piroelettricità</a> (si caricano elettricamente se prima riscaldate e poi raffreddate) e <a href="/wiki/Piezoelettricit%C3%A0" title="Piezoelettricità">piezoelettricità</a> (si caricano elettricamente se sottoposte a pressione)<sup id="cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Agostini-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, oltre ad essere sostanze <a href="/wiki/Dicroismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicroismo">dicroiche</a>. </p><p>Sono inattaccabili dagli acidi e le varietà di <a href="/wiki/Litio" title="Litio">litio</a> sono infusibili.<sup id="cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Agostini-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il <a href="/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio">silicio</a> è posto al centro di un <a href="/wiki/Tetraedro" title="Tetraedro">tetraedro</a> i cui vertici sono posti gli atomi di <a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a>. I tetraedri sono uniti l'un l'altro per due vertici in gruppi di sei.<sup id="cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Agostini-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilizzi">Utilizzi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Utilizzi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Utilizzi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per via della piezoeletricità alcune tormaline vengono utilizzate per costruire <a href="/wiki/Manometro" title="Manometro">manometri</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Pressione" title="Pressione">alte pressioni</a>, mentre le varietà trasparenti e piacevolmente colorate sono utilizzate in campo gemmologico.<sup id="cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Agostini-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Viene inoltre utilizzato come cristallo anisotropo per la <a href="/wiki/Polarizzazione_della_radiazione_elettromagnetica" title="Polarizzazione della radiazione elettromagnetica">polarizzazione</a> lineare della luce.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tormaline_notevoli">Tormaline notevoli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Tormaline notevoli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Tormaline notevoli"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un cristallo di <a href="/wiki/Rubellite" title="Rubellite">rubellite</a> di massa 6 kg, lungo 40 cm e largo 9 è stato rinvenuto in <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>. </p><p>Famosi cristalli multicolori provengono da<sup id="cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Agostini-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: Pala e Ramona in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasile" title="Brasile">Brasile</a>. </p><p>Dal <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> provengono delle tormaline multicolori rosse al centro e verdi ai lati dette tormaline "watermelon" (trad. dall'inglese anguria) mentre le tormaline dell'<a href="/wiki/Isola_d%27Elba" title="Isola d'Elba">Isola d'Elba</a>, nella varietà <a href="/wiki/Elbaite" title="Elbaite">elbaite</a> alla base del cristallo sono brune che man mano diventano verdi fino a diventare incolori nella sommità.<sup id="cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Agostini-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supergruppo_della_tormalina">Supergruppo della tormalina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Supergruppo della tormalina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Supergruppo della tormalina"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il <b>supergruppo della tormalina</b> è un gruppo di minerali caratterizzati dalla seguente formula di struttura generalizzata: <i>XY</i><sub>3</sub><i>Z</i><sub>6</sub>(<i>T</i><sub>6</sub>O<sub>18</sub>)(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub><i>V</i><sub>3</sub><i>W</i> dove: </p> <ul><li><i>X</i> = Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> o una vacanza<sup id="cite_ref-vacanza_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vacanza-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Y</i> = Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Cr<sup>3+</sup></li> <li><i>Z</i> = Al<sup>3+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Cr<sup>3+</sup></li> <li><i>T</i> = Si<sup>4+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, B<sup>3+</sup></li> <li><i>V</i> = OH<sup>–</sup>, O<sup>2-</sup></li> <li><i>W</i> =OH<sup>–</sup>, F<sup>–</sup>, O<sup>2–</sup></li></ul> <p>Il supergruppo della tormalina è suddiviso in tre gruppi in base ai cationi presenti nel sito X<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Se il catione prevalente è Na<sup>+</sup> o K<sup>+</sup> allora la specie appartiene al gruppo delle tormaline alcaline, se il catione prevalente è Ca<sup>2+</sup> allora la specie appartiene al gruppo delle tormaline calciche, se infine il sito X è dominato da una vacanza, la specie appartiene al gruppo delle tormaline con vacanza dominante. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minerali_del_supergruppo_della_tormalina">Minerali del supergruppo della tormalina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Minerali del supergruppo della tormalina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Minerali del supergruppo della tormalina"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Gruppo delle tormaline alcaline</b> <ul><li>Sottogruppo alcalino 1 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dravite" title="Dravite">Dravite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciorlite" title="Sciorlite">Sciorlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium-dravite" title="Chromium-dravite">Chromium-dravite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluor-dravite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluor-dravite (la pagina non esiste)">Fluor-dravite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluor-schorl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluor-schorl (la pagina non esiste)">Fluor-schorl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsilaisite" title="Tsilaisite">Tsilaisite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adachiite" title="Adachiite">Adachiite</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sottogruppo alcalino 2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elbaite" title="Elbaite">Elbaite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluor-elbaite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluor-elbaite (la pagina non esiste)">Fluor-elbaite</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sottogruppo alcalino 3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Povondraite" title="Povondraite">Povondraite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromo-alumino-povondraite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromo-alumino-povondraite (la pagina non esiste)">Chromo-alumino-povondraite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxy-chromium-dravite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxy-chromium-dravite (la pagina non esiste)">Oxy-chromium-dravite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxy-schorl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxy-schorl (la pagina non esiste)">Oxy-schorl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxy-vanadium-dravite" title="Oxy-vanadium-dravite">Oxy-vanadium-dravite</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sottogruppo alcalino 4</li> <li>Sottogruppo alcalino 5 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluor-buergerite" title="Fluor-buergerite">Fluor-buergerite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olenite" title="Olenite">Olenite</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sottogruppo alcalino 6</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Gruppo delle tormaline calciche</b> <ul><li>Sottogruppo calcico 1 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluor-uvite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluor-uvite (la pagina non esiste)">Fluor-uvite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feruvite" title="Feruvite">Feruvite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvite" title="Uvite">Uvite</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sottogruppo calcico 2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluor-liddicoatite" title="Fluor-liddicoatite">Fluor-liddicoatite</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sottogruppo calcico 3</li> <li>Sottogruppo calcico 4</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Gruppo delle tormaline con vacanza dominante</b><sup id="cite_ref-vacanza_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vacanza-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Sottogruppo con vacanza 1 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foitite" title="Foitite">Foitite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesio-foitite" title="Magnesio-foitite">Magnesio-foitite</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sottogruppo con vacanza 2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rossmanite" title="Rossmanite">Rossmanite</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sottogruppo con vacanza 3</li> <li>Sottogruppo con vacanza 4</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mindat-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-5">f</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-6">g</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-mindat_1-7">h</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org">Scheda tecnica del minerale su mindat.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mottana,_Crespi,_Liborio-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Mottana,_Crespi,_Liborio_2-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Annibale Mottana, Rodolfo Crespi, Giuseppe Liborio, "Minerali e rocce", Mondadori Editore, 1977"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-De_Agostini-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-4">e</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-5">f</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-6">g</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-De_Agostini_3-7">h</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">A. tori Vari, scheda Tormaline in Il magico mondo di minerali & gemme, De Agostini (1993-1996) Novara</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Autori Vari Fisica II: Onde elettromagnetiche, §VI.6.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vacanza-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-vacanza_5-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-vacanza_5-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">in cristallochimica per vacanza s'intende uno spazio lasciato vuoto nel reticolo cristallino per la mancanza di un atomo</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) J. Henry Darrell, Novák Milan, HawtHorne Frank C., Ertl Andreas, Dutrow BarBara L., Uher Pavel, Pezzotta Fererico, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326093327/http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/henry%20et%20al%202011%20tourmaline%20tomenclature.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Nomenclature of the tourmaline-supergroup minerals</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), in <span style="font-style:italic;">American Mineralogist</span>, vol. 96, 2011, pp. 895-913, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2138%2Fam.2011.3636">10.2138/am.2011.3636</a>. <small>URL consultato il 21 agosto 2012</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/henry%20et%20al%202011%20tourmaline%20tomenclature.pdf">url originale</abbr> il 26 marzo 2012)</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Dud'a, Rudolf. Rejl, Luboš, <span style="font-style:italic;">La grande enciclopedia dei minerali</span>, a cura di Ferraris, Giovanni, Milano, Fabbri Editore, 1986.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Tourmaline"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tourmaline?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tourmaline?uselang=it">tormalina</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tormalina&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/tourmaline-mineral"><span style="font-style:italic;">tourmaline</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179911#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Composti_del_litio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Composti_del_litio" title="Template:Composti del litio"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Composti_del_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Composti del litio (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Composti_del_litio&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Composti_del_litio" title="Categoria:Composti del litio">Composti</a> del <a href="/wiki/Litio" title="Litio">litio</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Inorganici</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r141815314" /><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Sali_di_litio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sali_di_litio" title="Template:Sali di litio"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Sali_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Sali di litio (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sali_di_litio&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title">Sali di litio</span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;">Binari</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right; width:7.5em;">Con H-N-O-S</th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Idruro_di_litio" title="Idruro di litio">LiH</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ossido_di_litio" title="Ossido di litio">Li<sub>2</sub>O</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Perossido_di_litio" title="Perossido di litio">Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superossido_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superossido di litio (la pagina non esiste)"> LiO<sub>2</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nitruro_di_litio" title="Nitruro di litio">Li<sub>3</sub>N</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Azoturo_di_litio" title="Azoturo di litio">LiN<sub>3</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solfuro_di_litio" title="Solfuro di litio">Li<sub>2</sub>S</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right; width:7.5em;">Con alogeni</th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fluoruro_di_litio" title="Fluoruro di litio">LiF</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cloruro_di_litio" title="Cloruro di litio">LiCl</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bromuro_di_litio" title="Bromuro di litio">LiBr</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ioduro_di_litio" title="Ioduro di litio">LiI</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="text-align:right; width:7.5em;">Altri</th><td colspan="1" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonito_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonito di litio (la pagina non esiste)">Li<sub>2</sub>Po</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;">Ternari</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ipoclorito_di_litio" title="Ipoclorito di litio">LiClO</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clorito_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clorito di litio (la pagina non esiste)">LiClO<sub>2</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Clorato_di_litio" title="Clorato di litio">LiClO<sub>3</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Perclorato_di_litio" title="Perclorato di litio"> LiClO<sub>4</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Idrossido_di_litio" title="Idrossido di litio">LiOH</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iodato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">LiIO<sub>3</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boroidruro_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boroidruro di litio (la pagina non esiste)">LiBH<sub>4</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tetrafluoroborato_di_litio" title="Tetrafluoroborato di litio"> LiBF<sub>4</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaborato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaborato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">LiBO<sub>2</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triborato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triborato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">LiB<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tetraborato_di_dilitio" title="Tetraborato di dilitio"> Li<sub>2</sub>B<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carbonato_di_litio" title="Carbonato di litio">Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammide_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ammide di litio (la pagina non esiste)">LiNH<sub>2</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Immide_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immide di litio (la pagina non esiste)"> Li<sub>2</sub>NH</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrito_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrito di litio (la pagina non esiste)">LiNO<sub>2</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nitrato_di_litio" title="Nitrato di litio">LiNO<sub>3</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tetraidroalluminato_di_litio" title="Tetraidroalluminato di litio">LiAlH<sub>4</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alluminato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alluminato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">LiAlO<sub>2</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetracloroalluminato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetracloroalluminato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">LiAlCl<sub>4</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silicato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silicato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">Li<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">Li<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Esafluorofosfato_di_litio" title="Esafluorofosfato di litio">LiPF<sub>6</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Solfito_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solfito di litio (la pagina non esiste)">Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solfato_di_litio" title="Solfato di litio"> Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Esafluoroarsenato_di_litio" class="mw-redirect" title="Esafluoroarsenato di litio">Li(AsF<sub>6</sub>)</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Titanato_di_litio" title="Titanato di litio">Li<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicromato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dicromato di litio (la pagina non esiste)"> Li<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobaltito_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobaltito di litio (la pagina non esiste)">LiCoO<sub>2</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Niobato_di_litio" title="Niobato di litio">LiNbO<sub>3</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molibdato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molibdato di litio (la pagina non esiste)"> Li<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tantalato_di_litio" title="Tantalato di litio">LiTaO<sub>3</sub></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="text-align:center;">Altri</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idrogenocarbonato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idrogenocarbonato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">LiHCO<sub>3</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sesquicarbonato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sesquicarbonato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">Li<sub>3</sub>H(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Triflato_di_litio" title="Triflato di litio"> LiCF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Organici</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Acetato_di_litio" title="Acetato di litio">Acetato di litio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspartato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">Aspartato di litio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Citrato_di_litio" title="Citrato di litio">Citrato di litio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Carburo_di_litio" title="Carburo di litio">Carburo di litio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etillitio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etillitio (la pagina non esiste)">Etillitio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenillitio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenillitio (la pagina non esiste)">Fenillitio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Litio_diisopropilammide" title="Litio diisopropilammide">Litio diisopropilammide</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litio_12-idrossistearato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litio 12-idrossistearato (la pagina non esiste)">Litio 12-idrossistearato</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metillitio" title="Metillitio">Metillitio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/N-butillitio" title="N-butillitio">n-butillitio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ororato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ororato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">Ororato di litio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ossalato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossalato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">Ossalato di litio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propillitio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propillitio (la pagina non esiste)">Propillitio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Succinato_di_litio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Succinato di litio (la pagina non esiste)">Succinato di litio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stearato_di_litio" title="Stearato di litio">Stearato di litio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinillitio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinillitio (la pagina non esiste)">Vinillitio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Reattivi_di_organo-litio" title="Reattivi di organo-litio">Reattivi di organo-litio</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Minerali</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Ambligonite" title="Ambligonite">Ambligonite</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elbaite" title="Elbaite">Elbaite</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eucriptite" title="Eucriptite">Eucriptite</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jadarite" title="Jadarite">Jadarite</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lepidolite" title="Lepidolite">Lepidolite</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Litiofilite" title="Litiofilite">Litiofilite</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Petalite" title="Petalite">Petalite</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pezzottaite" title="Pezzottaite">Pezzottaite</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Saliotite" title="Saliotite">Saliotite</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spodumene" title="Spodumene">Spodumene</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sugilite" title="Sugilite">Sugilite</a><b> ·</b> <a 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href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85136270">sh85136270</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4242784-8">4242784-8</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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