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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Matthias Bel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Матей Бел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Матей Бел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matej_Bel" title="Matej Bel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Matej Bel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Bel" title="Matthias Bel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Matthias Bel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Bel" title="Matthias Bel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Matthias Bel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matiaso_Bel" title="Matiaso Bel – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Matiaso Bel" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Bel" title="Matthias Bel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Matthias Bel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Մաթիաս Բել – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մաթիաս Բել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matej_Bel" title="Matej Bel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Matej Bel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Belius" title="Matthias Belius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Matthias Belius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9l_M%C3%A1ty%C3%A1s" title="Bél Mátyás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bél Mátyás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84" title="ماتثياس بيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماتثياس بيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matej_Bel" title="Matej Bel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Matej Bel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бел, Маттиас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бел, Маттиас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matej_Bel" title="Matej Bel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Matej Bel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Bel" title="Matthias Bel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Matthias Bel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%94%D0%B9_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Матєй Бел – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Матєй Бел" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Matthias+Bel%22">"Matthias Bel"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Matthias+Bel%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Matthias+Bel%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Matthias+Bel%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Matthias+Bel%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Matthias+Bel%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Matthias Bel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Matej_Bel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Matej_Bel.jpg/150px-Matej_Bel.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Matej_Bel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="311" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Matthias Bel</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1684-03-22</span>)</span>22 March 1684<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/O%C4%8Dov%C3%A1" title="Očová">Ocsova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a><br /><small>(now Očová, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 August 1749<span style="display:none">(1749-08-29)</span> (aged 65)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Pressburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a><br /><small>(now Bratislava, Slovakia)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungarian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran priest</a>, writer, historian, <a href="/wiki/Geographer" title="Geographer">geographer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">alchemist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Susanna Hermann</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Matthias Bel</b> or <b>Matthias Bél</b> (German: <i lang="de">Matthias Bel</i>; <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Bél Mátyás</i>; <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">Matej Bel</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Matthias Belius</i>; 22–24 March(?),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1684 – 29 August 1749) was a <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> pastor and <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1538%E2%80%931867)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)">Kingdom of Hungary</a>. Bel was active in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">pedagogy</a>, philosophy, <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a>, history, and theoretical theology; he was the founder of Hungarian geographic science and a pioneer of descriptive ethnography and economy. A leading figure in <a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">pietism</a>. He is also known as the <b>Great Ornament of Hungary</b> (<i>Magnum decus Hungariae</i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin,_life"><span id="Origin.2C_life"></span>Origin, life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin, life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Matthias Bel was born in <a href="/wiki/O%C4%8Dov%C3%A1" title="Očová">Ocsova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> (now Očová, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to Matthias (Matej) Bel Funtík<sup id="cite_ref-Muzeum_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muzeum-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or Bel-Funtík,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovak</a> wealthy peasant<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and butcher.<sup id="cite_ref-Muzeum_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muzeum-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Little is known about his <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarian</a> mother Elisabeth born Czesnek (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">Erzsébet Cseszneky</i>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">Alžbeta Česneková</i>) except that she was very religious and that she was born in <a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He described himself as <i>"lingua Slavus, natione Hungarus, eruditione Germanus"</i> ("by language a Slav/Slovak,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by nation a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungarian</a>, by erudition a German").<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Evans_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Evans-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1710, he married an ethnic German woman from Hungary, Susanna Hermann, and the couple had eight children together. </p><p>Bel attended schools in Losonc (now <a href="/wiki/Lu%C4%8Denec" title="Lučenec">Lučenec</a>), Kálnó (today <a href="/wiki/Kalinovo" title="Kalinovo">Kalinovo</a>) and Alsósztregova (today <a href="/wiki/Doln%C3%A1_Strehov%C3%A1" title="Dolná Strehová">Dolná Strehová</a>), and then grammar schools in Besztercebánya (today <a href="/wiki/Bansk%C3%A1_Bystrica" title="Banská Bystrica">Banská Bystrica</a>), Pressburg (Pozsony, today's <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>), and briefly in <a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinist</a> college of <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1pa" title="Pápa">Pápa</a>. Between 1704 and 1706, he studied theology, philosophy, and medicine at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Halle" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Halle">University of Halle</a> and he was appointed rector at the school of <a href="/wiki/Klosterbergen" class="mw-redirect" title="Klosterbergen">Klosterbergen</a> near <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> after that. Later, returning to the Kingdom of Hungary, became an assistant rector and became afterwards the rector at the Lutheran grammar school in Besztercebánya (Banská Bystrica), where he was also simultaneously a pastor. As a <a href="/wiki/Francis_II_R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi" title="Francis II Rákóczi">Rákóczi</a>-sympathisant, he was almost executed by General <a href="/wiki/Sigbert_Heister" title="Sigbert Heister">Sigbert Heister</a>. Between 1714 and 1719, he was the rector of the Lutheran grammar school and then also a pastor of the German Lutheran church in Pressburg. He published his articles in the Latin language newspaper <i>Nova Posoniensia</i>, the first regular periodical in Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1735 Bel drew up a proposal for the creation of a scientific academy, to be based in Pressburg.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bel spoke Slovak, Hungarian, and German, and his works had been published mostly in Latin, which were steeped in the Hungarian national consciousness as had been manifested for instance in his writing, the <i>Notitia Hungariae novae historico geographica</i>, which is an extolment of the Hungarian history, influenced by his deep affection for the Hungarian language.<sup id="cite_ref-petro_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-petro-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bel died on 29 August 1749. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Lutheranism" title="Category:Lutheranism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:160%;"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_rose" title="Luther's rose"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lutherrose.svg/125px-Lutherrose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lutherrose.svg/188px-Lutherrose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Lutherrose.svg/250px-Lutherrose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther#The_start_of_the_Reformation" title="Martin Luther">Start of the Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Doctrine and theology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creeds</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed#Lutheran_Church" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasian_Creed" title="Athanasian Creed">Athanasian Creed</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Concord" title="Book of Concord">Book of Concord</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg Confession</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession" title="Apology of the Augsburg Confession">Apology of the Augsburg Confession</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Small_Catechism" title="Luther's Small Catechism">Luther's Small</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luther%27s_Large_Catechism" title="Luther's Large Catechism">Large Catechism</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smalcald_Articles" title="Smalcald Articles">Smalcald Articles</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_the_Power_and_Primacy_of_the_Pope" title="Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope">Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope</a></li></ul></div><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_of_Concord" title="Formula of Concord">Formula of Concord</a></li></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran theology">Distinctive theological concepts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_Martin_Luther" title="Theology of Martin Luther">Theology of Martin Luther</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justification_(theology)#Lutheranism" title="Justification (theology)">Justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Gospel" title="Law and Gospel">Law and Gospel</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sola_gratia" title="Sola gratia">Sola gratia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sola_scriptura" title="Sola scriptura">Sola scriptura</a></i></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Lutheran_Christology" title="Scholastic Lutheran Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctification_in_Christianity#Lutheranism" title="Sanctification in Christianity">Sanctification</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two_kingdoms_doctrine" title="Two kingdoms doctrine">Two kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity#Lutheranism" title="Catholicity">catholicity</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Two states of the Church</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">Priesthood of all believers</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_providence#Lutheran_theology" title="Divine providence">Divine Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Mariology" title="Lutheran Mariology">Marian theology</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theology_of_the_Cross" title="Theology of the Cross">Theology of the Cross</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacramental_union" title="Sacramental union">Sacramental Union</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> Other relevant topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Lutheranism" title="Homosexuality and Lutheranism">Homosexuality</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_sacraments" title="Lutheran sacraments">Sacraments</a> and worship</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_(Lutheran_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism (Lutheran Church)">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_Lutheranism" title="Eucharist in Lutheranism">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confession_(Lutheran_Church)" title="Confession (Lutheran Church)">Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_(Lutheran_Church)" title="Confirmation (Lutheran Church)">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage#Protestantism" title="Christian views on marriage">Matrimony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick" class="mw-redirect" title="Anointing of the Sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders#Lutheranism" title="Holy orders">Holy Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Service_(Lutheran)" title="Divine Service (Lutheran)">Divine Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matins_in_Lutheranism" title="Matins in Lutheranism">Matins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespers_in_Lutheranism" title="Vespers in Lutheranism">Vespers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_calendar_(Lutheran)" title="Liturgical calendar (Lutheran)">Liturgical calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Lutheran)" title="Calendar of saints (Lutheran)">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_hymn" title="Lutheran hymn">Lutheran hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lutheran_hymnody" title="Template:Lutheran hymnody">Lutheran hymnwriters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_church_music_during_and_after_the_Reformation#Emergence_of_Protestant_church_music" title="Protestant church music during and after the Reformation">Normative principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Organization</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference" title="Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference">Confessional Evangelical<br />Lutheran Conference</a></div></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Confessional_and_Missional_Lutheran_Forum" title="Global Confessional and Missional Lutheran Forum">Global Confessional &<br />Missional Lutheran Forum</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lutheran_Council" title="International Lutheran Council">International Lutheran Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_World_Federation" title="Lutheran World Federation">Lutheran World Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lutheran_denominations" title="List of Lutheran denominations">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism_by_region" title="Lutheranism by region">Lutheranism by region</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lutheranism" title="History of Lutheranism">History of Lutheranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Crypto-protestantism">Crypto-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnesio-Lutherans" title="Gnesio-Lutherans">Gnesio-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_orthodoxy" title="Lutheran orthodoxy">Lutheran orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haugean" class="mw-redirect" title="Haugean">Haugeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laestadianism" title="Laestadianism">Laestadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awakening_(Finnish_religious_movement)" title="Awakening (Finnish religious movement)">Finnish Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Lutherans" title="Old Lutherans">Old Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Lutheranism" title="Neo-Lutheranism">Neo-Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_church_Lutheranism" title="High church Lutheranism">High church Lutherans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Lutheranism" title="Confessional Lutheranism">Confessional Lutheranism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key figures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><b>Missionaries</b> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Campanius" title="John Campanius">John Campanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Ziegenbalg" title="Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg">Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Callenberg" title="Johann Heinrich Callenberg">Johann Heinrich Callenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Phillip_Fabricius" title="Johann Phillip Fabricius">Johann Phillip Fabricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Henkel" title="Paul Henkel">Paul Henkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Christian_Frederick_Heyer" title="John Christian Frederick Heyer">John Christian Frederick Heyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Graul" title="Karl Graul">Karl Graul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Rautanen" title="Martti Rautanen">Martti Rautanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Sihler" title="Wilhelm Sihler">Wilhelm Sihler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._C._D._Wyneken" title="F. C. D. Wyneken">F. C. D. Wyneken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Paludan_Smith_Schreuder" title="Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder">Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Olsen_Skrefsrud" title="Lars Olsen Skrefsrud">Lars Olsen Skrefsrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Ingwer_Nommensen" title="Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen">Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimos_Nesib" title="Onesimos Nesib">Onesimos Nesib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Olaf_Bodding" title="Paul Olaf Bodding">Paul Olaf Bodding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Flierl" title="Johann Flierl">Johann Flierl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Keyser" title="Christian Keyser">Christian Keyser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Christensen_(bishop)" title="Jens Christensen (bishop)">Jens Christensen</a></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Bible Translators</b> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther#Translation_of_the_Bible" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casiodoro_de_Reina" title="Casiodoro de Reina">Casiodoro de Reina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjell_Magne_Yri" title="Kjell Magne Yri">Kjell Magne Yri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimos_Nesib" title="Onesimos Nesib">Onesimos Nesib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aster_Ganno" title="Aster Ganno">Aster Ganno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristian_Osvald_Vider%C3%B8" title="Kristian Osvald Viderø">Kristian Osvald Viderø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1kup_Dahl" title="Jákup Dahl">Jákup Dahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholom%C3%A4us_Ziegenbalg" title="Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg">Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Phillip_Fabricius#Bible_translation" title="Johann Phillip Fabricius">Johann Phillip Fabricius</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rogers_(Bible_editor_and_martyr)" title="John Rogers (Bible editor and martyr)">John Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Constantine_(priest)" title="George Constantine (priest)">George Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Roh%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Jozef Roháček">Jozef Roháček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Avetaranian" title="Johannes Avetaranian">Johannes Avetaranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%B0brandur_%C3%9Eorl%C3%A1ksson" title="Guðbrandur Þorláksson">Guðbrandur Þorláksson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Kurdish" title="Bible translations into Kurdish">Ludvig Olsen Fossum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Hans Egede</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Egede" title="Paul Egede">Paul Egede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Fabricius" title="Otto Fabricius">Otto Fabricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nils_Vibe_Stockfleth" title="Nils Vibe Stockfleth">Nils Vibe Stockfleth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaus_Petri" title="Olaus Petri">Olaus Petri</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" title="Laurentius Petri">Laurentius Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Rautanen" title="Martti Rautanen">Martti Rautanen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primo%C5%BE_Trubar" title="Primož Trubar">Primož Trubar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurij_Dalmatin" title="Jurij Dalmatin">Jurij Dalmatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Ingwer_Nommensen" title="Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen">Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Krelj" title="Sebastian Krelj">Sebastian Krelj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Agricola" title="Mikael Agricola">Mikael Agricola</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Bible_Society" title="Norwegian Bible Society">Norwegian Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Bible_Society" title="Swedish Bible Society">Swedish Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ludwik_Zasadius" title="Samuel Ludwik Zasadius">Samuel Ludwik Zasadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislovas_Rapolionis" title="Stanislovas Rapolionis">Stanislovas Rapolionis</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Andreae" title="Laurentius Andreae">Laurentius Andreae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Tausen" title="Hans Tausen">Hans Tausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_M._Norlie" title="Olaf M. Norlie">Olaf M. Norlie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Bretk%C5%ABnas" title="Jonas Bretkūnas">Jonas Bretkūnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Paludan_Smith_Schreuder" title="Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder">Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Brucioli" title="Antonio Brucioli">Antonio Brucioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbs#Language_and_culture" title="Sorbs">Mikołaj Jakubica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Matthias Bel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Ernst_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Johann Ernst Glück">Johann Ernst Glück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Beck" title="William F. Beck">William F. Beck</a></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Theologians</b> </p> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> / <a href="/wiki/Katharina_von_Bora" title="Katharina von Bora">Katharina von Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Melanchthon" title="Philip Melanchthon">Philip Melanchthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Bugenhagen" title="Johannes Bugenhagen">Johannes Bugenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brenz" title="Johannes Brenz">Johannes Brenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_Jonas" title="Justus Jonas">Justus Jonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Tausen" title="Hans Tausen">Hans Tausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentius_Petri" title="Laurentius Petri">Laurentius Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaus_Petri" title="Olaus Petri">Olaus Petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikael_Agricola" title="Mikael Agricola">Mikael Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Flacius" title="Matthias Flacius">Matthias Flacius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz" title="Martin Chemnitz">Martin Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gerhard" title="Johann Gerhard">Johann Gerhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Calovius" title="Abraham Calovius">Abraham Calovius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Andreas_Quenstedt" title="Johannes Andreas Quenstedt">Johannes Andreas Quenstedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Baier" title="Johann Wilhelm Baier">Johann Wilhelm Baier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Spener" title="Philipp Spener">Philipp Spener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hollatz_(dogmatician)" title="David Hollatz (dogmatician)">David Hollaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Hermann_Francke" title="August Hermann Francke">August Hermann Francke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Muhlenberg" title="Henry Muhlenberg">Henry Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Levi_Laestadius" title="Lars Levi Laestadius">Lars Levi Laestadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Porterfield_Krauth" title="Charles Porterfield Krauth">Charles Porterfield Krauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._W._Walther" title="C. F. W. Walther">C. F. W. Walther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Ritschl" title="Albrecht Ritschl">Albrecht Ritschl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Herrmann" title="Wilhelm Herrmann">Wilhelm Herrmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Stellhorn" title="Frederick William Stellhorn">F. W. Stellhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Otto" title="Rudolf Otto">Rudolf Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Troeltsch" title="Ernst Troeltsch">Ernst Troeltsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bultmann" title="Rudolf Bultmann">Rudolf Bultmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tillich" title="Paul Tillich">Paul Tillich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Sasse" title="Hermann Sasse">Hermann Sasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_Bonhoeffer" title="Dietrich Bonhoeffer">Dietrich Bonhoeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Pannenberg" title="Wolfhart Pannenberg">Wolfhart Pannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jenson" title="Robert Jenson">Robert Jenson</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lutheranism" title="Template:Lutheranism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lutheranism" title="Template talk:Lutheranism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lutheranism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lutheranism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_literature">Religious literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religious literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bel was a translator, editor, publisher and distributor of several religious works. His long-term goal was to publish the Bible in a language intelligible to the community he served (that is, <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Czech" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Czech">Biblical Czech</a> used as a Church and literal language by Slovak Lutherans).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKollárová2003_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKollárová2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the preface for The New Testament (<a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle</a>, 1709), he emphasized that the Bible was already translated, but it is barely available among common people and even among preachers. Bel then participated on the re-edition of <a href="/wiki/Bible_of_Kralice" title="Bible of Kralice">Bible of Kralice</a> (<a href="/wiki/Halle_(Saale)" title="Halle (Saale)">Halle</a>, 1722) during which he was responsible especially for the correction of Calvinisms.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also participated on publication of the Hungarian Bible (<a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, 1714) and of New Testament (<a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, 1717) and was the author of the preface for reprint of <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9bastien_Castellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sébastien Castellion (page does not exist)">Sébastien Castellion</a>'s Latin New Testament (<a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, 1724 and 1735).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKollárová2003_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKollárová2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He translated and published several influencing works like <i>The Compendium of Christian Revelation</i> (<a href="/wiki/Johann_Anastasius_Freylinghausen" title="Johann Anastasius Freylinghausen">Johann Anastasius Freylinghausen</a>, Hungarian translation), <i>True Christianity</i> (<a href="/wiki/Johann_Arndt" title="Johann Arndt">Johann Arndt</a>, Czech translation supposed mainly for Slovaks), <i>The Garden of Paradise</i> (<a href="/wiki/Johann_Arndt" title="Johann Arndt">Johann Arndt</a>, Hungarian and Czech translations).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKollárová2003_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKollárová2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pedagogy">Pedagogy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pedagogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a teacher Bel wrote books, introduced natural science lessons, and emphasized the importance of using visual aid and experimental education. His methods spread and had a modernizing effect on the education system of the entirety of Hungary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linguistics">Linguistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Linguistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a philologist, Bel was the first to study the <a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Hungarian runes</a> and also contributed to the evolution of the Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Literary_language" title="Literary language">literary language</a>. He revised and republished <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1sp%C3%A1r_K%C3%A1roli" class="mw-redirect" title="Gáspár Károli">Gáspár Károli</a>'s Bible-translation. He wrote Hungarian, Latin and German grammars – in the latter he also reviewed the German communities and dialects in Hungary. His work as a translator and editor in the field of religious work is also copious. </p><p>One of his notable writings is the <i>Institutiones linguae Germanicae</i> (Rules of the German grammar) written in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for Hungarians, of which special edition was published in <a href="/wiki/Halle,_Saxony-Anhalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Halle, Saxony-Anhalt">Halle</a> in 1730 for Hungarian students studying in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Hung_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hung-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also wrote a popular book, <i>"Der ungarische Sprachmeister" (Hungarian language master)</i>, on Hungarian grammar for Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-Hung_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hung-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He mistakenly suspected that the Hungarian language was relative of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> one.<sup id="cite_ref-Hung_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hung-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the one work of him whose name is <i>"Literatura Hunno-Scythica"</i> published in 1718, Bél endeavoured to prove that there existed, at one time, a <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Hun</a>-<a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythian</a> alphabet, of which he thought that that must have been known to the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Székelys">Székelys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Royal_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royal-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Grammatica_Slavico%E2%80%93Bohemica" title="Grammatica Slavico–Bohemica">Grammatica Slavico–Bohemica</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavel_Dole%C5%BEal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavel Doležal (page does not exist)">Pavel Doležal</a>, he commends biblical Czech as a language that positively influences cultivation of Slovak<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_and_geography">History and geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History and geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A pioneer of collaborative research in the history of the Kingdom of Hungary, Bel undertook a comprehensive historical and geographic examination of the territory in his well-known <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notitia_Hungariae_Novae_Historico_Geographiaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notitia Hungariae Novae Historico Geographiaca (page does not exist)">Notitia Hungariae Novae Historico Geographiaca</a></i>. His work about the <a href="/wiki/Comitatus_(Kingdom_of_Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)">counties of Hungary</a> was aided by many – while others accused him of espionage. The chancery entrusted <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1muel_Mikoviny" title="Sámuel Mikoviny">Sámuel Mikoviny</a> to supplement his work with detailed maps. The Notitia's complete edition could not be achieved during Bél's lifetime. Only eleven county descriptions were issued in print: <a href="/wiki/Szepes_County" title="Szepes County">Szepes County</a>'s description was published in Bél's Notitia project introduction, the Prodromus, the other ten county descriptions – namely <a href="/wiki/Pozsony_County" title="Pozsony County">Pozsony County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tur%C3%B3c_County" title="Turóc County">Turóc County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%B3lyom_County" title="Zólyom County">Zólyom County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipt%C3%B3_County" title="Liptó County">Liptó County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun_County" title="Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun County">Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun County</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B3gr%C3%A1d_County" title="Nógrád County">Nógrád County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bars_County" title="Bars County">Bars County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nyitra_County" title="Nyitra County">Nyitra County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hont_County" title="Hont County">Hont County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moson_County" title="Moson County">Moson County</a> – were published in five volumes of the Notitia. The remaining 37 county descriptions along with the Jász-Kun districts' description were left in manuscripts due to the revising county authorities' negligence or hostility, and the problems with the printery. These manuscripts have been scattered to several archives or collections. In his works, he notes greatness of the Slavic people, also mentioning many positive characteristics of Slovaks, as well as their autochthony in the Kingdom of Hungary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Honours and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bel's works met with recognition and respect beyond the Kingdom: he was a member of a number of learned societies abroad (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Prussian Academy of Sciences">Prussian Royal Academy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>), <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society of London</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Societas_eruditorum_incognitorum_in_terris_Austriacis" title="Societas eruditorum incognitorum in terris Austriacis">Societas eruditorum incognitorum in terris Austriacis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Olomouc" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>). He was elevated to noble rank by <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI of Austria</a>, and received a golden medallion with his (Bel's) own portrait from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XII" title="Pope Clement XII">Pope Clement XII</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recently Hungarian historians and philologists began to publish a critical edition of the county descriptions remained in manuscripts, based on the results of a comprehensive research made by the Hungarian historian Gergely Tóth. Calculating the length of the descriptions, they find it achievable to publish all the descriptions left in manuscript in 10 volumes. The first volume, which contains the descriptions of <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rva_County" title="Árva County">Árva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trencs%C3%A9n_County" title="Trencsén County">Trencsén</a> counties, has already been published. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Matej_Bel_University" title="Matej Bel University">Matej Bel University</a> (<i>Univerzita Mateja Bela</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Bansk%C3%A1_Bystrica" title="Banská Bystrica">Banská Bystrica</a> is named after him, as well as elementary schools in <a href="/wiki/O%C4%8Dov%C3%A1" title="Očová">Očová</a> (<i>Základná škola s materskou školou Mateja Bela Funtíka</i>) and in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0amor%C3%ADn" title="Šamorín">Šamorín</a> (<i>Základná škola Mateja Bela</i>). <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Beliana" title="Encyclopaedia Beliana">Encyclopaedia Beliana</a> is also named in his honor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Forma sacrorum verborum (Halle, 1707)</i></li> <li><i>Compendium (1713)</i></li> <li><i>Invitatio ad symbola conferenda dum historia linguae hungaricae libri II...edere parat... (Berolini, 1713)</i></li> <li><i>Grammatica Latina (Leutschoviae, 1717)</i></li> <li><i>Rhetorices veteris et novae praecepta (Lipsiae, 1717)</i></li> <li><i>Institutiones linguac germanicae et slavicae in Hungaria ortu (Leutschoviae, 1718)</i></li> <li><i>De vetera literatura hunnoscythica exercitatio (Lipsiae, 1718)</i></li> <li><i>Christophori Cellarii latinitatis probatae et exercitae liber memorialis naturali ordine dispositus (Norimbergae, 1719)</i></li> <li><i>Flos medicinae scholae Salernitanae (Posonii, 1721)</i></li> <li><i>Hungariae antiquae et novae prodromus (Norinbergae, 1723)</i></li> <li><i>Preces christianae (Lipsiae, 1728)</i></li> <li><i>Die Gatt suchende Seele (1729)</i></li> <li><i>Der ungarische Sprachmeister. (Pressburg, 1729)</i></li> <li><i>Adparatus ad historiam Hungariae. Decades II. (Posonii, 1735–46)</i></li> <li><i>Notitia Hungariae novae historico-geographica. Partis I. Tom. I–IV. Partis II. Tom. V. Viennae, (1735–42)</i></li> <li><i>Compendium Hungariae geographicum (Posonii, 1753)</i></li> <li><i>Kurze und zuverlässige Nachricht von dem Zustande der protestantischen Kirche in Ungarn</i></li> <li><i>Compendiolum regnorum Slavoniae, Croatiae, Dalmatiae, Gallicae et Lodomeriae. Posonii et Cassoviae (1777)</i></li> <li><i>Miscellanea Berolinensia (1734)</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bel mentioned two, resp. three different dates of his birth (the third indirectly). The date of birth was not recorded to the mid-19th century, but only the date of baptism, which usually took place in a day or two later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorváth198747_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorváth198747-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A hypothesis about her Hungarian or even noble origin (<a href="/wiki/House_of_Cseszneky" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Cseszneky">House of Cseszneky</a>) has been prevailing in the Hungarian historiography from the end the 18th century. Tibenský points out that such hypothesis is not substantiated by any contemporary documents. The opinions of Slovak authors are more diverse. According to Jóna, she was maybe (<i>asi</i>) Hungarian and a lower nobleman. Horváth suggests that she was most likely a commoner somewhere from the Nógrád County, from where Slovak students with the name "Czesnek" are also reliably documented. According to Tibenský, it is most likely that she was a local commoner somewhere from the Vígľaš landlordship since Očovians were mostly serfs with no right to move and they close marriages between themselves or with women from the region.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Latin term <i>Slavus</i> is polysemantic and can be translated as a Slovak or as a Slav depending on the context. The quote is from Doležal's Grammatica Slavico-Bohemica - an integrated Slovak-Czech Grammar in which the cultural Slovak language (cultiorum Slavorum in Hungaria) is compared to Czech (dialectum Bohemorum). </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bel is sometimes incorrectly mentioned an editor or even a publisher of the newspaper. The newspaper was published by Jean Paul Royer, the editors were F. W. Beer and M. Marth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETibenský198444_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETibenský198444-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bel's Czech was non-intentionally Slovakized. He also felt that his Czech is not good enough for the translation, so he asked a Slovak linguist Daniel Krman to Bohemize his texts. Regardless of his intention to write in Czech, he introduced Slovakisms also to his Latin-German-Hungarian-Czech dictionary (<i>svokor</i>, <i>žiak</i>, etc).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorváth198747-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorváth198747_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorváth1987">Horváth 1987</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStiftungen2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stiftungen, Franckesche (January 1, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DNoVAQAAIAAJ"><i>Die Hungarica-Sammlung der Franckeschen Stiftungen zu Halle</i></a> (in German). Verlag der Franckeschen Stiftungen Halle im Max Niemeyer Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783484841079" title="Special:BookSources/9783484841079"><bdi>9783484841079</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Hungarica-Sammlung+der+Franckeschen+Stiftungen+zu+Halle&rft.pub=Verlag+der+Franckeschen+Stiftungen+Halle+im+Max+Niemeyer+Verlag&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=9783484841079&rft.aulast=Stiftungen&rft.aufirst=Franckesche&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDNoVAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muzeum-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Muzeum_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muzeum_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120924123224/http://www.muzeum.sk/default.php?obj=pamiatka&ix=pimb">"Pamätná izba Mateja Bela"</a> (in Slovak). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muzeum.sk/default.php?obj=pamiatka&ix=pimb">the original</a> on September 24, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pam%C3%A4tn%C3%A1+izba+Mateja+Bela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muzeum.sk%2Fdefault.php%3Fobj%3Dpamiatka%26ix%3Dpimb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorad1957" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lorad, E. (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sIQPAAAAMAAJ"><i>Umelecko-historické pamätné kostoly na Slovensku</i></a> (in Czech). Spolok sv. Vojtecha.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Umelecko-historick%C3%A9+pam%C3%A4tn%C3%A9+kostoly+na+Slovensku&rft.pub=Spolok+sv.+Vojtecha&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Lorad&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsIQPAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠišulák2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Šišulák, Stanislav (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110216074829/http://www.quark.sk/matej-bel-slovensk-polyhistor">"Matej Bel – slovenský polyhistor"</a> [Matej Bel - Slovak polymath] (in Slovak). quark.sk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quark.sk/matej-bel-slovensk-polyhistor">the original</a> on February 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Matej+Bel+%E2%80%93+slovensk%C3%BD+polyhistor&rft.pub=quark.sk&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=%C5%A0i%C5%A1ul%C3%A1k&rft.aufirst=Stanislav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quark.sk%2Fmatej-bel-slovensk-polyhistor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrieglederSeidlerTancer2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kriegleder, Wynfrid; Seidler, Andrea; Tancer, Jozef (January 1, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ULdbAAAAMAAJ"><i>Deutsche Sprache und Kultur im Raum Pressburg</i></a> (in German). Edition Lumière. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783934686076" title="Special:BookSources/9783934686076"><bdi>9783934686076</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsche+Sprache+und+Kultur+im+Raum+Pressburg&rft.pub=Edition+Lumi%C3%A8re&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=9783934686076&rft.aulast=Kriegleder&rft.aufirst=Wynfrid&rft.au=Seidler%2C+Andrea&rft.au=Tancer%2C+Jozef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DULdbAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRainerUlreich1988" class="citation book cs1">Rainer, Rudolf; Ulreich, Eduard (1988). <i>Karpatendeutsches biographisches Lexikon, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Karpatendeutschen aus der Slowakei</i> (1 ed.). Stuttgart. p. 368. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-927096-00-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-927096-00-8"><bdi>3-927096-00-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karpatendeutsches+biographisches+Lexikon%2C+Arbeitsgemeinschaft+der+Karpatendeutschen+aus+der+Slowakei&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pages=368&rft.edition=1&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=3-927096-00-8&rft.aulast=Rainer&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rft.au=Ulreich%2C+Eduard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Evans_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeston_Evans2006" class="citation book cs1">Weston Evans, Robert John (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tXDbuT6SLPoC&pg=PA140"><i>Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs:Essays on Central Europe</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 139–140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-928144-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-928144-0"><bdi>0-19-928144-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Austria%2C+Hungary%2C+and+the+Habsburgs%3AEssays+on+Central+Europe&rft.pages=139-140&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-19-928144-0&rft.aulast=Weston+Evans&rft.aufirst=Robert+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtXDbuT6SLPoC%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzl" class="citation web cs1">Metzl, Andreas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fevth.uniba.sk/fileadmin/ebf/testimonia_theologica/2010/Metzl_-_preklad_Kovac.pdf">"Z histórie evanjelických karpatských Nemcov"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Evanjelická bohoslovecká fakulta</i>. Evanjelická bohoslovecká fakulta Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evanjelick%C3%A1+bohosloveck%C3%A1+fakulta&rft.atitle=Z+hist%C3%B3rie+evanjelick%C3%BDch+karpatsk%C3%BDch+Nemcov&rft.aulast=Metzl&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fevth.uniba.sk%2Ffileadmin%2Febf%2Ftestimonia_theologica%2F2010%2FMetzl_-_preklad_Kovac.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETibenský198444-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETibenský198444_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTibenský1984">Tibenský 1984</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bratislavaguide.com/bratislava-info/bratislava-history-slovakia">"Bratislava History | BratislavaGuide.com"</a>. <i>www.bratislavaguide.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bratislavaguide.com&rft.atitle=Bratislava+History+%7C+BratislavaGuide.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bratislavaguide.com%2Fbratislava-info%2Fbratislava-history-slovakia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-petro-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-petro_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetro1995" class="citation book cs1">Petro, Peter (1995). <i>A History of Slovak Literature</i>. Montréal: McGill-Queen's Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Slovak+Literature&rft.place=Montr%C3%A9al&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Petro&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CABADAJ, Peter. Matej Bel. Knižnica (Martin: Slovenská národná knižnica), 2005, roč. 6, čís. 10, s. 51-54. Dostupné online [cit. 2017-01-26]. ISSN 1335-7026.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKollárová2003-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKollárová2003_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKollárová2003_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKollárová2003_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKollárová2003">Kollárová 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiačekKravčík1999" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Piaček, Jozef; Kravčík, Miloš (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dai.fmph.uniba.sk/~filit/fvb/biblictina.html">"Bibličtina"</a> [Biblical language]. <i>FILIT: Open Philosophical Encyclopedia Version 3.0</i> (in Slovak)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bibli%C4%8Dtina&rft.btitle=FILIT%3A+Open+Philosophical+Encyclopedia+Version+3.0&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Pia%C4%8Dek&rft.aufirst=Jozef&rft.au=Krav%C4%8D%C3%ADk%2C+Milo%C5%A1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdai.fmph.uniba.sk%2F~filit%2Ffvb%2Fbiblictina.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĎurovič1995" class="citation book cs1">Ďurovič, Ľubomír (1995). <i>O slovenčine a slovensku</i>. Bratislava: VEDA. p. 222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/80-224-0806-9" title="Special:BookSources/80-224-0806-9"><bdi>80-224-0806-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O+sloven%C4%8Dine+a+slovensku&rft.place=Bratislava&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=VEDA&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=80-224-0806-9&rft.aulast=%C4%8Eurovi%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=%C4%BDubom%C3%ADr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hung-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hung_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hung_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hung_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mek.oszk.hu/02200/02228/html/02/325.html"><i>A Magyar Irodalom Története II. (History of Hungarian literature)</i></a> (in Hungarian). <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungarian Academy of Sciences</a>. 1964. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-05-1641-1" title="Special:BookSources/963-05-1641-1"><bdi>963-05-1641-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Magyar+Irodalom+T%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nete+II.+%28History+of+Hungarian+literature%29&rft.pub=Hungarian+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=963-05-1641-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmek.oszk.hu%2F02200%2F02228%2Fhtml%2F02%2F325.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royal-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Royal_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Asiatic_Society_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland1889" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Asiatic_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Asiatic Society">Royal Asiatic Society</a> of Great Britain and Ireland (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0nyFAAAAIAAJ&q=matthias+bel+hungarian"><i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> for the Royal Asiatic Society. p. 607<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+%26+Ireland&rft.pages=607&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press+for+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.date=1889&rft.au=Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0nyFAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dmatthias%2Bbel%2Bhungarian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CABADAJ, Peter. Matej Bel. <i>Knižnica</i> Martin: Slovenská národná knižnica), 2005, roč. 6, čís. 10, s. 51-54. Dostupné online [cit. 2017-01-26]. ISSN 1335-7026.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27belius%27%29">"Library and Archive Catalogue"</a>. Royal Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Library+and+Archive+Catalogue&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.royalsociety.org%2FDServe%2Fdserve.exe%3FdsqIni%3DDserve.ini%26dsqApp%3DArchive%26dsqCmd%3DShow.tcl%26dsqDb%3DPersons%26dsqPos%3D0%26dsqSearch%3D%2528Surname%253D%2527belius%2527%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTibenský1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tibenský, Ján (1984). <i>Matej Bel, život a dielo</i> (in Slovak). Bratislava: Osvetový ústav.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matej+Bel%2C+%C5%BEivot+a+dielo&rft.place=Bratislava&rft.pub=Osvetov%C3%BD+%C3%BAstav&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Tibensk%C3%BD&rft.aufirst=J%C3%A1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorváth1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Horváth, Pavol (1987). "Pôvod Mateja Bela". In Tibenský, Ján (ed.). <i>Matej Bel. Doba život dielo</i> (in Slovak). Bratislava: Veda vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=P%C3%B4vod+Mateja+Bela&rft.btitle=Matej+Bel.+Doba+%C5%BEivot+dielo&rft.place=Bratislava&rft.pub=Veda+vydavate%C4%BEstvo+Slovenskej+akad%C3%A9mie+vied&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Horv%C3%A1th&rft.aufirst=Pavol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKollárová2003" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kollárová, Ivona (2003). "Matej Bel - vydavateľ náboženskej literatúry". <i>Historický časopis</i> (in Slovak) (2). Bratislava: Slovak Accadeic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-2575">0018-2575</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historick%C3%BD+%C4%8Dasopis&rft.atitle=Matej+Bel+-+vydavate%C4%BE+n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenskej+literat%C3%BAry&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=0018-2575&rft.aulast=Koll%C3%A1rov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Ivona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatthias+Bel" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Bel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tti.hu/images/esemenyek/B%C3%A9l%20bemutat%C3%B3%20honlapra.pdf">Bel, Matthias (Bél Mátyás): Notitia Hungariae novae historico-geographica... Comitatuum ineditorum Tomus II. in quo continentur... Comitatus Soproniensis, Castriferrei, Szaladiensis et Veszprimiensis. Ed. Gregorius Tóth. Textum recensuerunt notisque instruxerunt: Bernadett Benei (et al.) Budapestini, 2012. (Prefaces, samples from the text edition)</a> (pdf)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716231703/http://www.mol.gov.hu/letoltes.php?d_id=1125">Matthias Bel: Notitia Hungariae novae historico geographica... Comitatuum ineditorum tomus primus, in quo continentur... Comitatus Arvensis et Trentsiniensis. Edd. Gregorius Tóth, Ladislaus Glück, Zoltanus Gőzsy. Budapestini, 2011. (The introduction in Hungarian and in English can be read on this link)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093138/http://www.fsz.bme.hu/mtsz/mhk/csarnok/b/bel.htm">BME Irányítástechnika és Informatika Tanszék</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Hungarian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joszerencset.hu/eletrajz/belm.htm">Jószerencsét!</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Hungarian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://church.lutheran.hu/reformatio/ppanteon/pp_ev_bel_matyas.htm">Magyar Protestáns Panteon</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Hungarian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mek.oszk.hu/05200/05265/index.phtml">Catalogus manuscriptorum Matthiae Bél, quae in bibliotheca Lycei Evangelici Posoniensis asservantur</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epa.oszk.hu/01500/01500/00005/pdf/11toth.pdf">Tóth, Gergely: Discipuli Posonienses Matthiae Belii. Lymbus 2007. 179–208.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697179#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109102773">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/66482984">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/132981/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyGYM7VWtxCw6QcMhhPwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119315416">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84046191">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120332579">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120332579">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19992000065&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p088002667">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90720347">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000065107&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810616015605606">Poland</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810548945005606">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/100457">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517664406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12658843?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119315416.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119315416">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028178912">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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