CINXE.COM
Fracturing/pressure pumping
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="TagPage" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <style data-cssvarsponyfill="true"> :root { --primaryColor1: #0e4b92; --primaryColor2: #0167b1; --primaryTextColor: #47494f; --secondaryTextColor: #373737; --breakingColor: #0167b1; --secondaryColor1: #858585; --secondaryColor2: #cccccc; --secondaryColor3: #e6e6e6; --secondaryColor4: #e0e0e0; --secondaryColor5: #ffffff; --siteBgColor: #ffffff; --siteInverseBgColor: #000000; --headerBgColor: #ffffff; --headerBgColorInverse: #000000; --headerBorderColor: #e6e6e6; --headerBorderColorInverse: #858585; --headerTextColor: #373737; --headerTextColorInverse: #ffffff; --headerMenuBgColor: #ffffff; --headerMenuTextColor: #373737; --secondaryHeaderBgColor: #ffffff; --secondaryHeaderTextColor: #333333; --footerBgColor: #ffffff; --footerTextColor: #47494f; --primaryTextColorInverse: #47494f; --secondaryTextColorInverse: #cccccc; --tertiaryTextColor: #999999; --tertiaryTextColorInverse: #cccccc; --moduleTitleColor: #373737; --listBorderColor: #e0e0e0; --gridBorderColor: #e6e6e6; --buttonBgColor: #0e4b92; --buttonTextColor: #ffffff; --inverseButtonBgColor: #0167b1; --tagButtonBorderColor: #0E4B92; --tagButtonTextColor: #0E4B92; --breakingTextColor: #ffffff; --sectionTextColor: #0167b1; --primaryHeadlineFont: Open Sans; --secondaryHeadlineFont: Open Sans; --bodyFont: Open Sans; --lightGray: #e0e0e0; --extraLightGray: #f7f7f7; --mediumGray: #9d9d9d; --gray: #757575; --darkGray: #373737; --sponsorsColor: #E21937; --counterColor: #E21937; --white: #ffffff; --black: #000000; } </style> <meta property="og:title" content="Fracturing/pressure pumping"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="JPT"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SPEtweets"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Fracturing/pressure pumping"/> <link data-cssvarsponyfill="true" class="Webpack-css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.spe.org/resource/00000175-9914-d088-a17f-df7564930000/styleguide/All.min.945616fa1567031845b78889fb1c7c24.gz.css"> <style>@media (min-width: 768px) { .StyleEmbeddedContent-content { width: 100%; } .smallfont { font-size: 60%; } .mediumfont { font-size: 80%; } .small-space { font-size: 60%; line-height: 150% !important; display: block; } .med-space { font-size: 80%; line-height: 150% !important; display: block; } .emphasis-font { font-size: 150%; font-weight: bold; color: #e51837; display: block; } .larger-font { font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; color: #e51837; display: block; } .link-font { color: #3485c1; } .ArticlePage-lead .Figure-content, .BlogPostPage-lead .Figure-content { color: #272727; } .caption-1, .CarouselSlide-currentSlide, .CarouselSlide-numbers, .Figure-content, .GalleryPage-aside-slideContent { color: #272727; font-weight: 400; }</style> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=5"><title>Fracturing/pressure pumping</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping"><meta name="brightspot.contentId" content="00000176-6d50-d2a1-ad7f-ef50d7f2001c"><link rel="apple-touch-icon"sizes="180x180"href="/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="icon"type="image/png"href="/favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="icon"type="image/png"href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <link type="application/rss+xml" rel="alternate" title="Fracturing/pressure pumping" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping.rss"> <meta name="brightspot.cached" content="false"> <!--This is needed for custom elements to function in browsers that support them natively but that are using es6 code transpiled to es5. This will cause a non-fatal error to show up in the IE11 console. It can be safely ignored. https://github.com/webcomponents/webcomponentsjs/issues/749 --> <script> (function () { 'use strict'; (()=>{'use strict';if(!window.customElements)return;const a=window.HTMLElement,b=window.customElements.define,c=window.customElements.get,d=new Map,e=new Map;let f=!1,g=!1;window.HTMLElement=function(){if(!f){const a=d.get(this.constructor),b=c.call(window.customElements,a);g=!0;const e=new b;return e}f=!1;},window.HTMLElement.prototype=a.prototype;Object.defineProperty(window,'customElements',{value:window.customElements,configurable:!0,writable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(window.customElements,'define',{value:(c,h)=>{const i=h.prototype,j=class extends a{constructor(){super(),Object.setPrototypeOf(this,i),g||(f=!0,h.call(this)),g=!1;}},k=j.prototype;j.observedAttributes=h.observedAttributes,k.connectedCallback=i.connectedCallback,k.disconnectedCallback=i.disconnectedCallback,k.attributeChangedCallback=i.attributeChangedCallback,k.adoptedCallback=i.adoptedCallback,d.set(h,c),e.set(c,h),b.call(window.customElements,c,j);},configurable:!0,writable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(window.customElements,'get',{value:(a)=>e.get(a),configurable:!0,writable:!0});})(); /** @license Copyright (c) 2017 The Polymer Project Authors. All rights reserved. This code may only be used under the BSD style license found at http://polymer.github.io/LICENSE.txt The complete set of authors may be found at http://polymer.github.io/AUTHORS.txt The complete set of contributors may be found at http://polymer.github.io/CONTRIBUTORS.txt Code distributed by Google as part of the polymer project is also subject to an additional IP rights grant found at http://polymer.github.io/PATENTS.txt */ }()); </script> <script> /** For the fastest load times https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/BlockingJS and to prevent any FOUC, as well as prevent any race conditions for browsers that also rely on the CSS variables polyfill, this is inlined. **/ if (!window.customElements) { (function(){ 'use strict';var h=new function(){};var aa=new Set("annotation-xml color-profile font-face font-face-src font-face-uri font-face-format font-face-name missing-glyph".split(" "));function m(b){var a=aa.has(b);b=/^[a-z][.0-9_a-z]*-[\-.0-9_a-z]*$/.test(b);return!a&&b}function n(b){var a=b.isConnected;if(void 0!==a)return a;for(;b&&!(b.__CE_isImportDocument||b instanceof Document);)b=b.parentNode||(window.ShadowRoot&&b instanceof ShadowRoot?b.host:void 0);return!(!b||!(b.__CE_isImportDocument||b instanceof Document))} function p(b,a){for(;a&&a!==b&&!a.nextSibling;)a=a.parentNode;return a&&a!==b?a.nextSibling:null} function t(b,a,c){c=c?c:new Set;for(var d=b;d;){if(d.nodeType===Node.ELEMENT_NODE){var e=d;a(e);var f=e.localName;if("link"===f&&"import"===e.getAttribute("rel")){d=e.import;if(d instanceof Node&&!c.has(d))for(c.add(d),d=d.firstChild;d;d=d.nextSibling)t(d,a,c);d=p(b,e);continue}else if("template"===f){d=p(b,e);continue}if(e=e.__CE_shadowRoot)for(e=e.firstChild;e;e=e.nextSibling)t(e,a,c)}d=d.firstChild?d.firstChild:p(b,d)}}function u(b,a,c){b[a]=c};function v(){this.a=new Map;this.s=new Map;this.f=[];this.b=!1}function ba(b,a,c){b.a.set(a,c);b.s.set(c.constructor,c)}function w(b,a){b.b=!0;b.f.push(a)}function x(b,a){b.b&&t(a,function(a){return y(b,a)})}function y(b,a){if(b.b&&!a.__CE_patched){a.__CE_patched=!0;for(var c=0;c<b.f.length;c++)b.f[c](a)}}function z(b,a){var c=[];t(a,function(b){return c.push(b)});for(a=0;a<c.length;a++){var d=c[a];1===d.__CE_state?b.connectedCallback(d):A(b,d)}} function B(b,a){var c=[];t(a,function(b){return c.push(b)});for(a=0;a<c.length;a++){var d=c[a];1===d.__CE_state&&b.disconnectedCallback(d)}} function C(b,a,c){c=c?c:{};var d=c.w||new Set,e=c.i||function(a){return A(b,a)},f=[];t(a,function(a){if("link"===a.localName&&"import"===a.getAttribute("rel")){var c=a.import;c instanceof Node&&(c.__CE_isImportDocument=!0,c.__CE_hasRegistry=!0);c&&"complete"===c.readyState?c.__CE_documentLoadHandled=!0:a.addEventListener("load",function(){var c=a.import;if(!c.__CE_documentLoadHandled){c.__CE_documentLoadHandled=!0;var f=new Set(d);f.delete(c);C(b,c,{w:f,i:e})}})}else f.push(a)},d);if(b.b)for(a=0;a< f.length;a++)y(b,f[a]);for(a=0;a<f.length;a++)e(f[a])} function A(b,a){if(void 0===a.__CE_state){var c=a.ownerDocument;if(c.defaultView||c.__CE_isImportDocument&&c.__CE_hasRegistry)if(c=b.a.get(a.localName)){c.constructionStack.push(a);var d=c.constructor;try{try{if(new d!==a)throw Error("The custom element constructor did not produce the element being upgraded.");}finally{c.constructionStack.pop()}}catch(r){throw a.__CE_state=2,r;}a.__CE_state=1;a.__CE_definition=c;if(c.attributeChangedCallback)for(c=c.observedAttributes,d=0;d<c.length;d++){var e=c[d], f=a.getAttribute(e);null!==f&&b.attributeChangedCallback(a,e,null,f,null)}n(a)&&b.connectedCallback(a)}}}v.prototype.connectedCallback=function(b){var a=b.__CE_definition;a.connectedCallback&&a.connectedCallback.call(b)};v.prototype.disconnectedCallback=function(b){var a=b.__CE_definition;a.disconnectedCallback&&a.disconnectedCallback.call(b)}; v.prototype.attributeChangedCallback=function(b,a,c,d,e){var f=b.__CE_definition;f.attributeChangedCallback&&-1<f.observedAttributes.indexOf(a)&&f.attributeChangedCallback.call(b,a,c,d,e)};function D(b,a){this.c=b;this.a=a;this.b=void 0;C(this.c,this.a);"loading"===this.a.readyState&&(this.b=new MutationObserver(this.f.bind(this)),this.b.observe(this.a,{childList:!0,subtree:!0}))}function E(b){b.b&&b.b.disconnect()}D.prototype.f=function(b){var a=this.a.readyState;"interactive"!==a&&"complete"!==a||E(this);for(a=0;a<b.length;a++)for(var c=b[a].addedNodes,d=0;d<c.length;d++)C(this.c,c[d])};function ca(){var b=this;this.b=this.a=void 0;this.f=new Promise(function(a){b.b=a;b.a&&a(b.a)})}function F(b){if(b.a)throw Error("Already resolved.");b.a=void 0;b.b&&b.b(void 0)};function G(b){this.j=!1;this.c=b;this.o=new Map;this.l=function(b){return b()};this.g=!1;this.m=[];this.u=new D(b,document)} G.prototype.define=function(b,a){var c=this;if(!(a instanceof Function))throw new TypeError("Custom element constructors must be functions.");if(!m(b))throw new SyntaxError("The element name '"+b+"' is not valid.");if(this.c.a.get(b))throw Error("A custom element with name '"+b+"' has already been defined.");if(this.j)throw Error("A custom element is already being defined.");this.j=!0;var d,e,f,r,k;try{var g=function(b){var a=l[b];if(void 0!==a&&!(a instanceof Function))throw Error("The '"+b+"' callback must be a function."); return a},l=a.prototype;if(!(l instanceof Object))throw new TypeError("The custom element constructor's prototype is not an object.");d=g("connectedCallback");e=g("disconnectedCallback");f=g("adoptedCallback");r=g("attributeChangedCallback");k=a.observedAttributes||[]}catch(q){return}finally{this.j=!1}a={localName:b,constructor:a,connectedCallback:d,disconnectedCallback:e,adoptedCallback:f,attributeChangedCallback:r,observedAttributes:k,constructionStack:[]};ba(this.c,b,a);this.m.push(a);this.g|| (this.g=!0,this.l(function(){return da(c)}))};G.prototype.i=function(b){C(this.c,b)};function da(b){if(!1!==b.g){b.g=!1;for(var a=b.m,c=[],d=new Map,e=0;e<a.length;e++)d.set(a[e].localName,[]);C(b.c,document,{i:function(a){if(void 0===a.__CE_state){var e=a.localName,f=d.get(e);f?f.push(a):b.c.a.get(e)&&c.push(a)}}});for(e=0;e<c.length;e++)A(b.c,c[e]);for(;0<a.length;){for(var f=a.shift(),e=f.localName,f=d.get(f.localName),r=0;r<f.length;r++)A(b.c,f[r]);(e=b.o.get(e))&&F(e)}}} G.prototype.get=function(b){if(b=this.c.a.get(b))return b.constructor};G.prototype.whenDefined=function(b){if(!m(b))return Promise.reject(new SyntaxError("'"+b+"' is not a valid custom element name."));var a=this.o.get(b);if(a)return a.f;a=new ca;this.o.set(b,a);this.c.a.get(b)&&!this.m.some(function(a){return a.localName===b})&&F(a);return a.f};G.prototype.v=function(b){E(this.u);var a=this.l;this.l=function(c){return b(function(){return a(c)})}};window.CustomElementRegistry=G; G.prototype.define=G.prototype.define;G.prototype.upgrade=G.prototype.i;G.prototype.get=G.prototype.get;G.prototype.whenDefined=G.prototype.whenDefined;G.prototype.polyfillWrapFlushCallback=G.prototype.v;var H=window.Document.prototype.createElement,ea=window.Document.prototype.createElementNS,fa=window.Document.prototype.importNode,ga=window.Document.prototype.prepend,ha=window.Document.prototype.append,ia=window.DocumentFragment.prototype.prepend,ja=window.DocumentFragment.prototype.append,I=window.Node.prototype.cloneNode,J=window.Node.prototype.appendChild,K=window.Node.prototype.insertBefore,L=window.Node.prototype.removeChild,M=window.Node.prototype.replaceChild,N=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(window.Node.prototype, "textContent"),O=window.Element.prototype.attachShadow,P=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(window.Element.prototype,"innerHTML"),Q=window.Element.prototype.getAttribute,R=window.Element.prototype.setAttribute,S=window.Element.prototype.removeAttribute,T=window.Element.prototype.getAttributeNS,U=window.Element.prototype.setAttributeNS,ka=window.Element.prototype.removeAttributeNS,la=window.Element.prototype.insertAdjacentElement,ma=window.Element.prototype.insertAdjacentHTML,na=window.Element.prototype.prepend, oa=window.Element.prototype.append,V=window.Element.prototype.before,pa=window.Element.prototype.after,qa=window.Element.prototype.replaceWith,ra=window.Element.prototype.remove,sa=window.HTMLElement,W=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(window.HTMLElement.prototype,"innerHTML"),ta=window.HTMLElement.prototype.insertAdjacentElement,ua=window.HTMLElement.prototype.insertAdjacentHTML;function va(){var b=X;window.HTMLElement=function(){function a(){var a=this.constructor,d=b.s.get(a);if(!d)throw Error("The custom element being constructed was not registered with `customElements`.");var e=d.constructionStack;if(!e.length)return e=H.call(document,d.localName),Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a.prototype),e.__CE_state=1,e.__CE_definition=d,y(b,e),e;var d=e.length-1,f=e[d];if(f===h)throw Error("The HTMLElement constructor was either called reentrantly for this constructor or called multiple times."); e[d]=h;Object.setPrototypeOf(f,a.prototype);y(b,f);return f}a.prototype=sa.prototype;return a}()};function Y(b,a,c){function d(a){return function(c){for(var e=[],d=0;d<arguments.length;++d)e[d-0]=arguments[d];for(var d=[],f=[],l=0;l<e.length;l++){var q=e[l];q instanceof Element&&n(q)&&f.push(q);if(q instanceof DocumentFragment)for(q=q.firstChild;q;q=q.nextSibling)d.push(q);else d.push(q)}a.apply(this,e);for(e=0;e<f.length;e++)B(b,f[e]);if(n(this))for(e=0;e<d.length;e++)f=d[e],f instanceof Element&&z(b,f)}}c.h&&(a.prepend=d(c.h));c.append&&(a.append=d(c.append))};function wa(){var b=X;u(Document.prototype,"createElement",function(a){if(this.__CE_hasRegistry){var c=b.a.get(a);if(c)return new c.constructor}a=H.call(this,a);y(b,a);return a});u(Document.prototype,"importNode",function(a,c){a=fa.call(this,a,c);this.__CE_hasRegistry?C(b,a):x(b,a);return a});u(Document.prototype,"createElementNS",function(a,c){if(this.__CE_hasRegistry&&(null===a||"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"===a)){var d=b.a.get(c);if(d)return new d.constructor}a=ea.call(this,a,c);y(b,a);return a}); Y(b,Document.prototype,{h:ga,append:ha})};function xa(){var b=X;function a(a,d){Object.defineProperty(a,"textContent",{enumerable:d.enumerable,configurable:!0,get:d.get,set:function(a){if(this.nodeType===Node.TEXT_NODE)d.set.call(this,a);else{var e=void 0;if(this.firstChild){var c=this.childNodes,k=c.length;if(0<k&&n(this))for(var e=Array(k),g=0;g<k;g++)e[g]=c[g]}d.set.call(this,a);if(e)for(a=0;a<e.length;a++)B(b,e[a])}}})}u(Node.prototype,"insertBefore",function(a,d){if(a instanceof DocumentFragment){var e=Array.prototype.slice.apply(a.childNodes); a=K.call(this,a,d);if(n(this))for(d=0;d<e.length;d++)z(b,e[d]);return a}e=n(a);d=K.call(this,a,d);e&&B(b,a);n(this)&&z(b,a);return d});u(Node.prototype,"appendChild",function(a){if(a instanceof DocumentFragment){var c=Array.prototype.slice.apply(a.childNodes);a=J.call(this,a);if(n(this))for(var e=0;e<c.length;e++)z(b,c[e]);return a}c=n(a);e=J.call(this,a);c&&B(b,a);n(this)&&z(b,a);return e});u(Node.prototype,"cloneNode",function(a){a=I.call(this,a);this.ownerDocument.__CE_hasRegistry?C(b,a):x(b,a); return a});u(Node.prototype,"removeChild",function(a){var c=n(a),e=L.call(this,a);c&&B(b,a);return e});u(Node.prototype,"replaceChild",function(a,d){if(a instanceof DocumentFragment){var e=Array.prototype.slice.apply(a.childNodes);a=M.call(this,a,d);if(n(this))for(B(b,d),d=0;d<e.length;d++)z(b,e[d]);return a}var e=n(a),f=M.call(this,a,d),c=n(this);c&&B(b,d);e&&B(b,a);c&&z(b,a);return f});N&&N.get?a(Node.prototype,N):w(b,function(b){a(b,{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,get:function(){for(var a=[],b= 0;b<this.childNodes.length;b++)a.push(this.childNodes[b].textContent);return a.join("")},set:function(a){for(;this.firstChild;)L.call(this,this.firstChild);J.call(this,document.createTextNode(a))}})})};function ya(b){var a=Element.prototype;function c(a){return function(e){for(var c=[],d=0;d<arguments.length;++d)c[d-0]=arguments[d];for(var d=[],k=[],g=0;g<c.length;g++){var l=c[g];l instanceof Element&&n(l)&&k.push(l);if(l instanceof DocumentFragment)for(l=l.firstChild;l;l=l.nextSibling)d.push(l);else d.push(l)}a.apply(this,c);for(c=0;c<k.length;c++)B(b,k[c]);if(n(this))for(c=0;c<d.length;c++)k=d[c],k instanceof Element&&z(b,k)}}V&&(a.before=c(V));V&&(a.after=c(pa));qa&&u(a,"replaceWith",function(a){for(var e= [],c=0;c<arguments.length;++c)e[c-0]=arguments[c];for(var c=[],d=[],k=0;k<e.length;k++){var g=e[k];g instanceof Element&&n(g)&&d.push(g);if(g instanceof DocumentFragment)for(g=g.firstChild;g;g=g.nextSibling)c.push(g);else c.push(g)}k=n(this);qa.apply(this,e);for(e=0;e<d.length;e++)B(b,d[e]);if(k)for(B(b,this),e=0;e<c.length;e++)d=c[e],d instanceof Element&&z(b,d)});ra&&u(a,"remove",function(){var a=n(this);ra.call(this);a&&B(b,this)})};function za(){var b=X;function a(a,c){Object.defineProperty(a,"innerHTML",{enumerable:c.enumerable,configurable:!0,get:c.get,set:function(a){var e=this,d=void 0;n(this)&&(d=[],t(this,function(a){a!==e&&d.push(a)}));c.set.call(this,a);if(d)for(var f=0;f<d.length;f++){var r=d[f];1===r.__CE_state&&b.disconnectedCallback(r)}this.ownerDocument.__CE_hasRegistry?C(b,this):x(b,this);return a}})}function c(a,c){u(a,"insertAdjacentElement",function(a,e){var d=n(e);a=c.call(this,a,e);d&&B(b,e);n(a)&&z(b,e); return a})}function d(a,c){function e(a,e){for(var c=[];a!==e;a=a.nextSibling)c.push(a);for(e=0;e<c.length;e++)C(b,c[e])}u(a,"insertAdjacentHTML",function(a,b){a=a.toLowerCase();if("beforebegin"===a){var d=this.previousSibling;c.call(this,a,b);e(d||this.parentNode.firstChild,this)}else if("afterbegin"===a)d=this.firstChild,c.call(this,a,b),e(this.firstChild,d);else if("beforeend"===a)d=this.lastChild,c.call(this,a,b),e(d||this.firstChild,null);else if("afterend"===a)d=this.nextSibling,c.call(this, a,b),e(this.nextSibling,d);else throw new SyntaxError("The value provided ("+String(a)+") is not one of 'beforebegin', 'afterbegin', 'beforeend', or 'afterend'.");})}O&&u(Element.prototype,"attachShadow",function(a){return this.__CE_shadowRoot=a=O.call(this,a)});P&&P.get?a(Element.prototype,P):W&&W.get?a(HTMLElement.prototype,W):w(b,function(b){a(b,{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,get:function(){return I.call(this,!0).innerHTML},set:function(a){var b="template"===this.localName,e=b?this.content:this, c=H.call(document,this.localName);for(c.innerHTML=a;0<e.childNodes.length;)L.call(e,e.childNodes[0]);for(a=b?c.content:c;0<a.childNodes.length;)J.call(e,a.childNodes[0])}})});u(Element.prototype,"setAttribute",function(a,c){if(1!==this.__CE_state)return R.call(this,a,c);var e=Q.call(this,a);R.call(this,a,c);c=Q.call(this,a);b.attributeChangedCallback(this,a,e,c,null)});u(Element.prototype,"setAttributeNS",function(a,c,d){if(1!==this.__CE_state)return U.call(this,a,c,d);var e=T.call(this,a,c);U.call(this, a,c,d);d=T.call(this,a,c);b.attributeChangedCallback(this,c,e,d,a)});u(Element.prototype,"removeAttribute",function(a){if(1!==this.__CE_state)return S.call(this,a);var c=Q.call(this,a);S.call(this,a);null!==c&&b.attributeChangedCallback(this,a,c,null,null)});u(Element.prototype,"removeAttributeNS",function(a,c){if(1!==this.__CE_state)return ka.call(this,a,c);var d=T.call(this,a,c);ka.call(this,a,c);var e=T.call(this,a,c);d!==e&&b.attributeChangedCallback(this,c,d,e,a)});ta?c(HTMLElement.prototype, ta):la?c(Element.prototype,la):console.warn("Custom Elements: `Element#insertAdjacentElement` was not patched.");ua?d(HTMLElement.prototype,ua):ma?d(Element.prototype,ma):console.warn("Custom Elements: `Element#insertAdjacentHTML` was not patched.");Y(b,Element.prototype,{h:na,append:oa});ya(b)};/* Copyright (c) 2016 The Polymer Project Authors. All rights reserved. This code may only be used under the BSD style license found at http://polymer.github.io/LICENSE.txt The complete set of authors may be found at http://polymer.github.io/AUTHORS.txt The complete set of contributors may be found at http://polymer.github.io/CONTRIBUTORS.txt Code distributed by Google as part of the polymer project is also subject to an additional IP rights grant found at http://polymer.github.io/PATENTS.txt */ var Z=window.customElements;if(!Z||Z.forcePolyfill||"function"!=typeof Z.define||"function"!=typeof Z.get){var X=new v;va();wa();Y(X,DocumentFragment.prototype,{h:ia,append:ja});xa();za();document.__CE_hasRegistry=!0;var customElements=new G(X);Object.defineProperty(window,"customElements",{configurable:!0,enumerable:!0,value:customElements})}; }).call(self); } /** This allows us to load the IE polyfills via feature detection so that they do not load needlessly in the browsers that do not need them. It also ensures they are loaded non async so that they load before the rest of our JS. */ var head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; if (!window.CSS || !window.CSS.supports || !window.CSS.supports('--fake-var', 0)) { var script = document.createElement('script'); script.setAttribute('src', "https://assets.spe.org/resource/00000175-9914-d088-a17f-df7564930000/styleguide/util/IEPolyfills.cbfb62d5a57054ac258f71c28a109511.gz.js"); script.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); script.async = false; head.appendChild(script); } </script> <script src="https://assets.spe.org/resource/00000175-9914-d088-a17f-df7564930000/styleguide/All.min.1c6b7876816e74f41dc93dc05921c1a2.gz.js" async></script> <script async="async" src="https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Google tag setup var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest() googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering() googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad() googletag.enableServices() }) // setup of ad slots var dfpAdSlotsObject = {} var dfpAdSlots = [] var staticAdSlots = [] </script> <script>(function(c,h,a,f,i,e){c[a]=c[a]||function(){(c[a].q=c[a].q||[]).push(arguments)}; c[a].a=i;c[a].e=e;var g=h.createElement("script");g.async=true;g.type="text/javascript"; g.src=f+'?aid='+i;var b=h.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(g,b); })(window,document,"rtp","//sjrtp4-cdn.marketo.com/rtp-api/v1/rtp.js","spe"); rtp('send','view'); rtp('get', 'campaign',true);</script> <script> var link = document.createElement('link'); link.setAttribute('href', 'https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans|Open+Sans:300,400,600,700'); var relList = link.relList; if (relList && relList.supports('preload')) { link.setAttribute('as', 'style'); link.setAttribute('rel', 'preload'); link.setAttribute('onload', 'this.rel="stylesheet"'); link.setAttribute('crossorigin', 'anonymous'); } else { link.setAttribute('rel', 'stylesheet'); } head.appendChild(link); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var didInit = false; function initMunchkin() { if(didInit === false) { didInit = true; Munchkin.init('833-LLT-087'); } } var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = '//munchkin.marketo.net/munchkin.js'; s.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 'complete' || this.readyState == 'loaded') { initMunchkin(); } }; s.onload = initMunchkin; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s); })(); </script> <script> MathJax = { tex: { inlineMath: [['\\(', '\\)']] }, svg: { fontCache: 'global' } }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="MathJax-script" async src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TW53RVF');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> </head> <body class="Page-body"> <div class="Page-above" ><div class="HtmlModule"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T8JL43" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <! -- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> </div><div id="googleAdf09e3c24-e537-4fb5-a7a9-189b2fd21c22" class="GoogleDfpAd" data-slot-name="/57789820/SPE_728x90_2" data-sticky-ads='true' data-slot-sizes="[[728, 90], [320, 50]]" data-slot-adSizeMap="[[[800, 0], [728, 90]], [[0, 0], [320, 50]]]"> <span class="GoogleDfpAd-placeholder"></span> </div> </div> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TW53RVF" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <!-- Putting icons here, so we don't have to include in a bunch of -body hbs's --> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="display:none" id="iconsMap" class="iconsMap"> <symbol id="mono-icon-facebook" viewBox="0 0 10 19"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2.707 18.25V10.2H0V7h2.707V4.469c0-1.336.375-2.373 1.125-3.112C4.582.62 5.578.25 6.82.25c1.008 0 1.828.047 2.461.14v2.848H7.594c-.633 0-1.067.14-1.301.422-.188.235-.281.61-.281 1.125V7H9l-.422 3.2H6.012v8.05H2.707z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-instagram" viewBox="0 0 17 17"> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.281 4.207c.727 0 1.4.182 2.022.545a4.055 4.055 0 0 1 1.476 1.477c.364.62.545 1.294.545 2.021 0 .727-.181 1.4-.545 2.021a4.055 4.055 0 0 1-1.476 1.477 3.934 3.934 0 0 1-2.022.545c-.726 0-1.4-.182-2.021-.545a4.055 4.055 0 0 1-1.477-1.477 3.934 3.934 0 0 1-.545-2.021c0-.727.182-1.4.545-2.021A4.055 4.055 0 0 1 6.26 4.752a3.934 3.934 0 0 1 2.021-.545zm0 6.68a2.54 2.54 0 0 0 1.864-.774 2.54 2.54 0 0 0 .773-1.863 2.54 2.54 0 0 0-.773-1.863 2.54 2.54 0 0 0-1.864-.774 2.54 2.54 0 0 0-1.863.774 2.54 2.54 0 0 0-.773 1.863c0 .727.257 1.348.773 1.863a2.54 2.54 0 0 0 1.863.774zM13.45 4.03c-.023.258-.123.48-.299.668a.856.856 0 0 1-.65.281.913.913 0 0 1-.668-.28.913.913 0 0 1-.281-.669c0-.258.094-.48.281-.668a.913.913 0 0 1 .668-.28c.258 0 .48.093.668.28.187.188.281.41.281.668zm2.672.95c.023.656.035 1.746.035 3.269 0 1.523-.017 2.62-.053 3.287-.035.668-.134 1.248-.298 1.74a4.098 4.098 0 0 1-.967 1.53 4.098 4.098 0 0 1-1.53.966c-.492.164-1.072.264-1.74.3-.668.034-1.763.052-3.287.052-1.523 0-2.619-.018-3.287-.053-.668-.035-1.248-.146-1.74-.334a3.747 3.747 0 0 1-1.53-.931 4.098 4.098 0 0 1-.966-1.53c-.164-.492-.264-1.072-.299-1.74C.424 10.87.406 9.773.406 8.25S.424 5.63.46 4.963c.035-.668.135-1.248.299-1.74.21-.586.533-1.096.967-1.53A4.098 4.098 0 0 1 3.254.727c.492-.164 1.072-.264 1.74-.3C5.662.394 6.758.376 8.281.376c1.524 0 2.62.018 3.287.053.668.035 1.248.135 1.74.299a4.098 4.098 0 0 1 2.496 2.496c.165.492.27 1.078.317 1.757zm-1.687 7.91c.14-.399.234-1.032.28-1.899.024-.515.036-1.242.036-2.18V7.689c0-.961-.012-1.688-.035-2.18-.047-.89-.14-1.524-.281-1.899a2.537 2.537 0 0 0-1.512-1.511c-.375-.14-1.008-.235-1.899-.282a51.292 51.292 0 0 0-2.18-.035H7.72c-.938 0-1.664.012-2.18.035-.867.047-1.5.141-1.898.282a2.537 2.537 0 0 0-1.512 1.511c-.14.375-.234 1.008-.281 1.899a51.292 51.292 0 0 0-.036 2.18v1.125c0 .937.012 1.664.036 2.18.047.866.14 1.5.28 1.898.306.726.81 1.23 1.513 1.511.398.141 1.03.235 1.898.282.516.023 1.242.035 2.18.035h1.125c.96 0 1.687-.012 2.18-.035.89-.047 1.523-.141 1.898-.282.726-.304 1.23-.808 1.512-1.511z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-email" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M67,148.7c11,5.8,163.8,89.1,169.5,92.1c5.7,3,11.5,4.4,20.5,4.4c9,0,14.8-1.4,20.5-4.4c5.7-3,158.5-86.3,169.5-92.1 c4.1-2.1,11-5.9,12.5-10.2c2.6-7.6-0.2-10.5-11.3-10.5H257H65.8c-11.1,0-13.9,3-11.3,10.5C56,142.9,62.9,146.6,67,148.7z"></path> <path d="M455.7,153.2c-8.2,4.2-81.8,56.6-130.5,88.1l82.2,92.5c2,2,2.9,4.4,1.8,5.6c-1.2,1.1-3.8,0.5-5.9-1.4l-98.6-83.2 c-14.9,9.6-25.4,16.2-27.2,17.2c-7.7,3.9-13.1,4.4-20.5,4.4c-7.4,0-12.8-0.5-20.5-4.4c-1.9-1-12.3-7.6-27.2-17.2l-98.6,83.2 c-2,2-4.7,2.6-5.9,1.4c-1.2-1.1-0.3-3.6,1.7-5.6l82.1-92.5c-48.7-31.5-123.1-83.9-131.3-88.1c-8.8-4.5-9.3,0.8-9.3,4.9 c0,4.1,0,205,0,205c0,9.3,13.7,20.9,23.5,20.9H257h185.5c9.8,0,21.5-11.7,21.5-20.9c0,0,0-201,0-205 C464,153.9,464.6,148.7,455.7,153.2z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-mailto" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M67,148.7c11,5.8,163.8,89.1,169.5,92.1c5.7,3,11.5,4.4,20.5,4.4c9,0,14.8-1.4,20.5-4.4c5.7-3,158.5-86.3,169.5-92.1 c4.1-2.1,11-5.9,12.5-10.2c2.6-7.6-0.2-10.5-11.3-10.5H257H65.8c-11.1,0-13.9,3-11.3,10.5C56,142.9,62.9,146.6,67,148.7z"></path> <path d="M455.7,153.2c-8.2,4.2-81.8,56.6-130.5,88.1l82.2,92.5c2,2,2.9,4.4,1.8,5.6c-1.2,1.1-3.8,0.5-5.9-1.4l-98.6-83.2 c-14.9,9.6-25.4,16.2-27.2,17.2c-7.7,3.9-13.1,4.4-20.5,4.4c-7.4,0-12.8-0.5-20.5-4.4c-1.9-1-12.3-7.6-27.2-17.2l-98.6,83.2 c-2,2-4.7,2.6-5.9,1.4c-1.2-1.1-0.3-3.6,1.7-5.6l82.1-92.5c-48.7-31.5-123.1-83.9-131.3-88.1c-8.8-4.5-9.3,0.8-9.3,4.9 c0,4.1,0,205,0,205c0,9.3,13.7,20.9,23.5,20.9H257h185.5c9.8,0,21.5-11.7,21.5-20.9c0,0,0-201,0-205 C464,153.9,464.6,148.7,455.7,153.2z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-print" viewBox="0 0 12 12"> <g fill-rule="evenodd"> <path fill-rule="nonzero" d="M9 10V7H3v3H1a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V4a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3.132A2.868 2.868 0 0 1 9.132 10H9zm.5-4.5a1 1 0 1 0 0-2 1 1 0 0 0 0 2zM3 0h6v2H3z"></path> <path d="M4 8h4v4H4z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-copylink" viewBox="0 0 12 12"> <g fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M10.199 2.378c.222.205.4.548.465.897.062.332.016.614-.132.774L8.627 6.106c-.187.203-.512.232-.75-.014a.498.498 0 0 0-.706.028.499.499 0 0 0 .026.706 1.509 1.509 0 0 0 2.165-.04l1.903-2.06c.37-.398.506-.98.382-1.636-.105-.557-.392-1.097-.77-1.445L9.968.8C9.591.452 9.03.208 8.467.145 7.803.072 7.233.252 6.864.653L4.958 2.709a1.509 1.509 0 0 0 .126 2.161.5.5 0 1 0 .68-.734c-.264-.218-.26-.545-.071-.747L7.597 1.33c.147-.16.425-.228.76-.19.353.038.71.188.931.394l.91.843.001.001zM1.8 9.623c-.222-.205-.4-.549-.465-.897-.062-.332-.016-.614.132-.774l1.905-2.057c.187-.203.512-.232.75.014a.498.498 0 0 0 .706-.028.499.499 0 0 0-.026-.706 1.508 1.508 0 0 0-2.165.04L.734 7.275c-.37.399-.506.98-.382 1.637.105.557.392 1.097.77 1.445l.91.843c.376.35.937.594 1.5.656.664.073 1.234-.106 1.603-.507L7.04 9.291a1.508 1.508 0 0 0-.126-2.16.5.5 0 0 0-.68.734c.264.218.26.545.071.747l-1.904 2.057c-.147.16-.425.228-.76.191-.353-.038-.71-.188-.931-.394l-.91-.843z"></path> <path d="M8.208 3.614a.5.5 0 0 0-.707.028L3.764 7.677a.5.5 0 0 0 .734.68L8.235 4.32a.5.5 0 0 0-.027-.707"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-linkedin" viewBox="0 0 16 17"> <g fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M9.245 7.318c-.704 0-1.273.57-1.273 1.273v4.454H4.79s.038-7.636 0-8.272h3.182v.945s.985-.919 2.507-.919c1.884 0 3.22 1.364 3.22 4.012v4.234h-3.182V8.591c0-.703-.57-1.273-1.272-1.273zM1.92 3.5h-.018C.94 3.5.318 2.748.318 1.921.318 1.075.96.386 1.94.386s1.583.712 1.603 1.557c0 .828-.622 1.557-1.622 1.557zm1.597 9.545H.336V4.773h3.181v8.272z" transform="translate(-1379 -1975) translate(-5 1957) translate(1270 9) translate(114 9)"/> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-pinterest" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M256,32C132.3,32,32,132.3,32,256c0,91.7,55.2,170.5,134.1,205.2c-0.6-15.6-0.1-34.4,3.9-51.4 c4.3-18.2,28.8-122.1,28.8-122.1s-7.2-14.3-7.2-35.4c0-33.2,19.2-58,43.2-58c20.4,0,30.2,15.3,30.2,33.6 c0,20.5-13.1,51.1-19.8,79.5c-5.6,23.8,11.9,43.1,35.4,43.1c42.4,0,71-54.5,71-119.1c0-49.1-33.1-85.8-93.2-85.8 c-67.9,0-110.3,50.7-110.3,107.3c0,19.5,5.8,33.3,14.8,43.9c4.1,4.9,4.7,6.9,3.2,12.5c-1.1,4.1-3.5,14-4.6,18 c-1.5,5.7-6.1,7.7-11.2,5.6c-31.3-12.8-45.9-47-45.9-85.6c0-63.6,53.7-139.9,160.1-139.9c85.5,0,141.8,61.9,141.8,128.3 c0,87.9-48.9,153.5-120.9,153.5c-24.2,0-46.9-13.1-54.7-27.9c0,0-13,51.6-15.8,61.6c-4.7,17.3-14,34.5-22.5,48 c20.1,5.9,41.4,9.2,63.5,9.2c123.7,0,224-100.3,224-224C480,132.3,379.7,32,256,32z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-tumblr" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M321.2,396.3c-11.8,0-22.4-2.8-31.5-8.3c-6.9-4.1-11.5-9.6-14-16.4c-2.6-6.9-3.6-22.3-3.6-46.4V224h96v-64h-96V48h-61.9 c-2.7,21.5-7.5,44.7-14.5,58.6c-7,13.9-14,25.8-25.6,35.7c-11.6,9.9-25.6,17.9-41.9,23.3V224h48v140.4c0,19,2,33.5,5.9,43.5 c4,10,11.1,19.5,21.4,28.4c10.3,8.9,22.8,15.7,37.3,20.5c14.6,4.8,31.4,7.2,50.4,7.2c16.7,0,30.3-1.7,44.7-5.1 c14.4-3.4,30.5-9.3,48.2-17.6v-65.6C363.2,389.4,342.3,396.3,321.2,396.3z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-twitter" width="17" height="16" viewBox="0 0 13 14"> <g> <path d="M7.81724 6.0429L12.238 0.75H11.1904L7.35188 5.34575L4.28606 0.75H0.75L5.38612 7.69958L0.75 13.25H1.79763L5.85121 8.39673L9.08894 13.25H12.625L7.81724 6.0429ZM6.38236 7.76081L5.91263 7.06879L2.17511 1.5623H3.78421L6.80043 6.00621L7.27017 6.69823L11.1909 12.4746H9.58179L6.38236 7.76081Z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="mono-icon-youtube" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M508.6,148.8c0-45-33.1-81.2-74-81.2C379.2,65,322.7,64,265,64c-3,0-6,0-9,0s-6,0-9,0c-57.6,0-114.2,1-169.6,3.6 c-40.8,0-73.9,36.4-73.9,81.4C1,184.6-0.1,220.2,0,255.8C-0.1,291.4,1,327,3.4,362.7c0,45,33.1,81.5,73.9,81.5 c58.2,2.7,117.9,3.9,178.6,3.8c60.8,0.2,120.3-1,178.6-3.8c40.9,0,74-36.5,74-81.5c2.4-35.7,3.5-71.3,3.4-107 C512.1,220.1,511,184.5,508.6,148.8z M207,353.9V157.4l145,98.2L207,353.9z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-magnify" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <g> <path d="M337.509,305.372h-17.501l-6.571-5.486c20.791-25.232,33.922-57.054,33.922-93.257 C347.358,127.632,283.896,64,205.135,64C127.452,64,64,127.632,64,206.629s63.452,142.628,142.225,142.628 c35.011,0,67.831-13.167,92.991-34.008l6.561,5.487v17.551L415.18,448L448,415.086L337.509,305.372z M206.225,305.372 c-54.702,0-98.463-43.887-98.463-98.743c0-54.858,43.761-98.742,98.463-98.742c54.7,0,98.462,43.884,98.462,98.742 C304.687,261.485,260.925,305.372,206.225,305.372z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="burger-menu" viewBox="0 0 14 10"> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 5.5v-1h14v1H0zM0 1V0h14v1H0zm0 9V9h14v1H0z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="close-x" viewBox="0 0 14 14"> <g> <path fill-rule="nonzero" d="M6.336 7L0 .664.664 0 7 6.336 13.336 0 14 .664 7.664 7 14 13.336l-.664.664L7 7.664.664 14 0 13.336 6.336 7z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="share-more-arrow" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="enable-background:new 0 0 512 512;"> <g> <g> <path d="M512,241.7L273.643,3.343v156.152c-71.41,3.744-138.015,33.337-188.958,84.28C30.075,298.384,0,370.991,0,448.222v60.436 l29.069-52.985c45.354-82.671,132.173-134.027,226.573-134.027c5.986,0,12.004,0.212,18.001,0.632v157.779L512,241.7z M255.642,290.666c-84.543,0-163.661,36.792-217.939,98.885c26.634-114.177,129.256-199.483,251.429-199.483h15.489V78.131 l163.568,163.568L304.621,405.267V294.531l-13.585-1.683C279.347,291.401,267.439,290.666,255.642,290.666z"></path> </g> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="chevron" viewBox="0 0 100 100"> <g> <path xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" d="M62.0502526,71.9497474 C64.7839226,74.6834175 69.2160774,74.6834175 71.9497474,71.9497474 C74.6834175,69.2160774 74.6834175,64.7839226 71.9497474,62.0502526 L31.9497474,22.0502526 C29.2160774,19.3165825 24.7839226,19.3165825 22.0502526,22.0502526 L-17.9497474,62.0502526 C-20.6834175,64.7839226 -20.6834175,69.2160774 -17.9497474,71.9497474 C-15.2160774,74.6834175 -10.7839226,74.6834175 -8.05025256,71.9497474 L27.0191444,36.8803504 L62.0502526,71.9497474 Z" transform="translate(27.000000, 47.000000) scale(-1, 1) rotate(-90.000000) translate(-27.000000, -47.000000) "/> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="play-arrow" viewBox="0 0 30 30"> <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M9 9l12 6-12 6z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="bookmark" viewBox="0 0 9 12"> <g> <path fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M.5.5v10.997l3.431-2.374a1 1 0 0 1 1.138 0L8.5 11.497V.5h-8z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="heart" viewBox="0 0 14 12"> <g> <path fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10.24.5c-1.098 0-2.152.576-2.808 1.7L7 2.938l-.432-.74C5.912 1.076 4.858.5 3.76.5 1.996.5.5 1.899.5 3.859.5 5.2 1.644 6.912 3.57 8.747a27.774 27.774 0 0 0 3.373 2.738A.099.099 0 0 0 7 11.5a.104.104 0 0 0 .061-.018 27.75 27.75 0 0 0 3.368-2.735C12.356 6.912 13.5 5.201 13.5 3.859 13.5 1.899 12.003.5 10.24.5z"></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="grid" viewBox="0 0 32 32"> <g> <path d="M6.4,5.7 C6.4,6.166669 6.166669,6.4 5.7,6.4 L0.7,6.4 C0.233331,6.4 0,6.166669 0,5.7 L0,0.7 C0,0.233331 0.233331,0 0.7,0 L5.7,0 C6.166669,0 6.4,0.233331 6.4,0.7 L6.4,5.7 Z M19.2,5.7 C19.2,6.166669 18.966669,6.4 18.5,6.4 L13.5,6.4 C13.033331,6.4 12.8,6.166669 12.8,5.7 L12.8,0.7 C12.8,0.233331 13.033331,0 13.5,0 L18.5,0 C18.966669,0 19.2,0.233331 19.2,0.7 L19.2,5.7 Z M32,5.7 C32,6.166669 31.766669,6.4 31.3,6.4 L26.3,6.4 C25.833331,6.4 25.6,6.166669 25.6,5.7 L25.6,0.7 C25.6,0.233331 25.833331,0 26.3,0 L31.3,0 C31.766669,0 32,0.233331 32,0.7 L32,5.7 Z M6.4,18.5 C6.4,18.966669 6.166669,19.2 5.7,19.2 L0.7,19.2 C0.233331,19.2 0,18.966669 0,18.5 L0,13.5 C0,13.033331 0.233331,12.8 0.7,12.8 L5.7,12.8 C6.166669,12.8 6.4,13.033331 6.4,13.5 L6.4,18.5 Z M19.2,18.5 C19.2,18.966669 18.966669,19.2 18.5,19.2 L13.5,19.2 C13.033331,19.2 12.8,18.966669 12.8,18.5 L12.8,13.5 C12.8,13.033331 13.033331,12.8 13.5,12.8 L18.5,12.8 C18.966669,12.8 19.2,13.033331 19.2,13.5 L19.2,18.5 Z M32,18.5 C32,18.966669 31.766669,19.2 31.3,19.2 L26.3,19.2 C25.833331,19.2 25.6,18.966669 25.6,18.5 L25.6,13.5 C25.6,13.033331 25.833331,12.8 26.3,12.8 L31.3,12.8 C31.766669,12.8 32,13.033331 32,13.5 L32,18.5 Z M6.4,31.3 C6.4,31.766669 6.166669,32 5.7,32 L0.7,32 C0.233331,32 0,31.766669 0,31.3 L0,26.3 C0,25.833331 0.233331,25.6 0.7,25.6 L5.7,25.6 C6.166669,25.6 6.4,25.833331 6.4,26.3 L6.4,31.3 Z M19.2,31.3 C19.2,31.766669 18.966669,32 18.5,32 L13.5,32 C13.033331,32 12.8,31.766669 12.8,31.3 L12.8,26.3 C12.8,25.833331 13.033331,25.6 13.5,25.6 L18.5,25.6 C18.966669,25.6 19.2,25.833331 19.2,26.3 L19.2,31.3 Z M32,31.3 C32,31.766669 31.766669,32 31.3,32 L26.3,32 C25.833331,32 25.6,31.766669 25.6,31.3 L25.6,26.3 C25.6,25.833331 25.833331,25.6 26.3,25.6 L31.3,25.6 C31.766669,25.6 32,25.833331 32,26.3 L32,31.3 Z" id=""></path> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="filter" viewBox="0 0 16 12"> <path d="M0 2V0h16v2H0zm2.4 5V5h11.2v2H2.4zm2.4 5v-2h6.4v2H4.8z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="lock" viewBox="0 0 8 11"> <g fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"> <path d="M14 9h-.889V7c0-1.788-1.429-2.93-2.993-2.997C8.479 3.935 6.888 5.127 6.888 7v2H6v6h8V9zm-3.886-3.996c1.193.066 2.108.791 2.108 1.996v2h-4.28c-.083 0-.164-.066-.164-.165V7c0-1.271 1.062-2.062 2.336-1.996z" transform="translate(-141 -450) translate(135 446)"/> </g> </symbol> <symbol id="right-arrow" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M13.025 1l-2.847 2.828 6.176 6.176h-16.354v3.992h16.354l-6.176 6.176 2.847 2.828 10.975-11z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="avatar" viewBox="0 0 1291.116 1638.771"> <path id="path3940-5" d="M959.98,769.382C873.16,846.125,770.543,880.92,645.557,880.92s-228.083-35.757-314.903-112.5 c-136.539,44.711-299.819,158.492-300,357.211l-0.48,370.673c-0.089,68.183,54.892,123.081,123.077,123.081h984.614 c68.185,0,123.077-54.894,123.077-123.081v-369.23c0-170.673-135.669-314.558-300.961-357.692L959.98,769.382L959.98,769.382z"/> <path id="path3942-6" d="M1014.788,388.615c0,203.92-165.31,369.23-369.23,369.23s-369.23-165.311-369.23-369.23 s165.31-369.23,369.23-369.23S1014.788,184.696,1014.788,388.615z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="share-more-dots" viewBox="0 0 2 10"> <path d="M0 10L2 10 2 8 0 8zM0 6L2 6 2 4 0 4zM0 2L2 2 2 0 0 0z" transform="translate(-904 -603) translate(680 593) translate(210) translate(14 10)" /> </symbol> </svg> <ps-header class="Page-header"> <div class="Page-header-hat"> <div class="Page-header-primary-navigation"> <nav class="Navigation"> <ul class="Navigation-items"> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=0 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://www.spe.org/en/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">SPE</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=1 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/" data-cms-ai="0">JPT Home</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=2 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/about-jpt" data-cms-ai="0">About JPT</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=3 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/archive" data-cms-ai="0">Archive</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=4 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/november-2024-jpt-digital-magazine" data-cms-ai="0">Current Issue</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="Page-header-signIn signIn-saml"> <div class="Page-header-signIn-icon"> <svg class="avatar"><use xlink:href="#avatar"></use></svg> </div> <a class="Page-header-signIn-label" href="/_auth/saml/login?redirectUrl=https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" aria-label="Sign In" data-cms-ai="0">Sign In</a> </div> <div class="SocialBar"> <div class="SocialBar-heading">Follow Us</div> <ul class="SocialBar-items"> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/SPEtweets" target="_blank" data-social-service="twitter" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-twitter"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">twitter</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.instagram.com/spengineers/" target="_blank" data-social-service="instagram" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-instagram"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">instagram</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpEDUpRgVA32NNaLF1ffIgw" target="_blank" data-social-service="youtube" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-youtube"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">youtube</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/spemembers/" target="_blank" data-social-service="facebook" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-facebook"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">facebook</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/jpt-journal-of-petroleum-technology/" target="_blank" data-social-service="linkedin" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-linkedin"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">linkedin</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="Page-header-hamburger-menu collapsible-menu"> <div class="Page-header-hamburger-menu-wrapper"> <div class="Page-header-hamburger-menu-content"> <nav class="Navigation"> <ul class="Navigation-items"> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=0 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <span>Topics</span> <div class="NavigationItem-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationItem-items"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Management <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/exploration-discoveries" data-cms-ai="0" >Exploration/discoveries</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/geothermal" data-cms-ai="0" >Geothermal energy</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&D/innovation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/human-resources" data-cms-ai="0" >Human resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Production <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/artificial-lift" data-cms-ai="0" >Artificial lift</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-intervention" data-cms-ai="0" >Well intervention</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mature-fields" data-cms-ai="0" >Mature fields</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Data & Analytics <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/digital-oilfield" data-cms-ai="0" >Digital oilfield</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-mining-analysis" data-cms-ai="0" >Data mining/analysis</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Data management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/cybersecurity" data-cms-ai="0" >Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/robotics-unmanned-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Robotics/unmanned systems</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Completions <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/acidizing-stimulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing/stimulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sand-management-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Sand management/control</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-integrity-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Well integrity/control</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Drilling <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/directional-complex-wells" data-cms-ai="0" >Directional/complex wells</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mpd-ubd" data-cms-ai="0" >MPD/UBD</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-automation" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling automation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-completion-fluids" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling/completion fluids</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/casing-cementing-zonal-isolation" data-cms-ai="0" >Casing/cementing/zonal isolation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-damage" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation damage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Reservoir <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-characterization" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir characterization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-evaluation" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation evaluation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/petroleum-reserves" data-cms-ai="0" >Petroleum reserves</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Onshore/Offshore Facilities <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/pipelines-flowlines-risers" data-cms-ai="0" >Pipelines/flowlines/risers</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/separation-treating" data-cms-ai="0" >Separation/treating</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/processing-systems-design" data-cms-ai="0" >Processing systems/design</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/inspection-maintenance" data-cms-ai="0" >Inspection/maintenance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/flow-assurance" data-cms-ai="0" >Flow assurance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decommissioning" data-cms-ai="0" >Decommissioning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/lng" data-cms-ai="0" >LNG</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/midstream" data-cms-ai="0" >Midstream</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/offshore-wind" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore wind</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> HSE & Sustainability <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/health" data-cms-ai="0" >Health</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/emission-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Emission management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decarbonization" data-cms-ai="0" >Decarbonization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> SPE <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/spe-news" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE News</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> <ul class="NavigationItem-items-placeholder"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Management <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/exploration-discoveries" data-cms-ai="0" >Exploration/discoveries</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/geothermal" data-cms-ai="0" >Geothermal energy</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&D/innovation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/human-resources" data-cms-ai="0" >Human resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Production <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/artificial-lift" data-cms-ai="0" >Artificial lift</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-intervention" data-cms-ai="0" >Well intervention</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mature-fields" data-cms-ai="0" >Mature fields</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Data & Analytics <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/digital-oilfield" data-cms-ai="0" >Digital oilfield</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-mining-analysis" data-cms-ai="0" >Data mining/analysis</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Data management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/cybersecurity" data-cms-ai="0" >Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/robotics-unmanned-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Robotics/unmanned systems</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Completions <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/acidizing-stimulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing/stimulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sand-management-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Sand management/control</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-integrity-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Well integrity/control</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Drilling <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/directional-complex-wells" data-cms-ai="0" >Directional/complex wells</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mpd-ubd" data-cms-ai="0" >MPD/UBD</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-automation" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling automation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-completion-fluids" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling/completion fluids</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/casing-cementing-zonal-isolation" data-cms-ai="0" >Casing/cementing/zonal isolation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-damage" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation damage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Reservoir <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-characterization" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir characterization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-evaluation" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation evaluation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/petroleum-reserves" data-cms-ai="0" >Petroleum reserves</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Onshore/Offshore Facilities <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/pipelines-flowlines-risers" data-cms-ai="0" >Pipelines/flowlines/risers</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/separation-treating" data-cms-ai="0" >Separation/treating</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/processing-systems-design" data-cms-ai="0" >Processing systems/design</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/inspection-maintenance" data-cms-ai="0" >Inspection/maintenance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/flow-assurance" data-cms-ai="0" >Flow assurance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decommissioning" data-cms-ai="0" >Decommissioning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/lng" data-cms-ai="0" >LNG</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/midstream" data-cms-ai="0" >Midstream</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/offshore-wind" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore wind</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> HSE & Sustainability <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/health" data-cms-ai="0" >Health</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/emission-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Emission management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decarbonization" data-cms-ai="0" >Decarbonization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> SPE <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/spe-news" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE News</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=1 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <span>Discipline</span> <div class="NavigationItem-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationItem-items"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="NavigationItem-items-placeholder"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=2 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/latest-news" data-cms-ai="0">Latest News</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=3 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/sponsored-content" data-cms-ai="0">Sponsored Content</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=4 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/jpt-advertising-opportunities" data-cms-ai="0">Advertise</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="Navigation"> <ul class="Navigation-items"> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=0 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://www.spe.org/en/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">SPE</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=1 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/" data-cms-ai="0">JPT Home</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=2 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/about-jpt" data-cms-ai="0">About JPT</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=3 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/archive" data-cms-ai="0">Archive</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=4 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/november-2024-jpt-digital-magazine" data-cms-ai="0">Current Issue</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <ps-actionbar class="ActionBar"> <ul class="ActionBar-items"> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Ftopic%2Ffracturing-pressure-pumping&text=Fracturing%2Fpressure%20pumping" target="_blank" data-social-service="twitter" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-twitter" /></svg><span>Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Ftopic%2Ffracturing-pressure-pumping&mini=true&title=Fracturing%2Fpressure%20pumping&source=JPT" target="_blank" data-social-service="linkedin" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-linkedin"></use></svg><span>LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/bookmarklet/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Ftopic%2Ffracturing-pressure-pumping&description=Fracturing%2Fpressure%20pumping" target="_blank" data-social-service="pinterest" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-pinterest"></use></svg><span>Pinterest</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/2012SPE" target="_blank" data-social-service="youtube" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-youtube"></use></svg><span>YouTube</span> </a></li> <li class="ActionBar-items-item"> <a class="ActionLink" data-dropdown-trigger href="#" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#share-more-dots"></use></svg><span>Show more sharing options</span></a> </li> </ul> <div class="ActionBar-dropdown"> <div class="ActionBar-dropdown-header"> <span>Share</span> <button class="ActionBar-dropdown-close" data-dropdown-close><svg><use xlink:href="#close-x"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Close extra sharing options</span></button> </div> <ul class="ActionBar-dropdown-items"> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Ftopic%2Ffracturing-pressure-pumping&text=Fracturing%2Fpressure%20pumping" target="_blank" data-social-service="twitter" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-twitter" /></svg><span>Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Ftopic%2Ffracturing-pressure-pumping&mini=true&title=Fracturing%2Fpressure%20pumping&source=JPT" target="_blank" data-social-service="linkedin" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-linkedin"></use></svg><span>LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/bookmarklet/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjpt.spe.org%2Ftopic%2Ffracturing-pressure-pumping&description=Fracturing%2Fpressure%20pumping" target="_blank" data-social-service="pinterest" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-pinterest"></use></svg><span>Pinterest</span> </a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"><a class="ActionLink" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/2012SPE" target="_blank" data-social-service="youtube" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-youtube"></use></svg><span>YouTube</span> </a></li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"> <a class="ActionLink" data-social-service="copylink" href="#" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-copylink"></use></svg><span>Copy Link URL</span><span data-copied-text>Copied!</span></a> </li> <li class="ActionBar-dropdown-items-item"> <a class="ActionLink" data-social-service="print" href="javascript:window.print()" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-print"></use></svg><span>Print</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </ps-actionbar> </div> </div> </div> <div class="Page-header-bar"> <button class="Page-header-menu-trigger" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="1"><svg class="burger-menu"><use xlink:href="#burger-menu"></use></svg><svg class="close-x"><use xlink:href="#close-x"></use></svg><span class="label">Menu</span></button> <div class="Page-header-bar-logo"><a aria-label="home page" href="/" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="PageLogo-image" src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/4442441/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2835x616+0+0/resize/258x56!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Feb%2F35%2F27ec9ac740b0baab7436add472e5%2Fjpt-75-years-logo-1824-x-383large.png" alt="JPT 75 Years - LOGO 1824 x 383LARGE.png" srcset="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/0e8f7ae/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2835x616+0+0/resize/516x112!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Feb%2F35%2F27ec9ac740b0baab7436add472e5%2Fjpt-75-years-logo-1824-x-383large.png 2x" width="258" height="56" /> </a> </div> <div class="Page-header-bar-logo-compact"><a aria-label="home page" href="/" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="PageLogo-image" src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/4cce039/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1500x607+0+0/resize/84x34!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F8b%2F91%2Fe648609940daa4ac6ac9cc054f99%2Fjpt-75-years-oneline.png" alt="jpt-w-text-horizontal-mobile.svg" srcset="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/b60cf36/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1500x607+0+0/resize/168x68!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F8b%2F91%2Fe648609940daa4ac6ac9cc054f99%2Fjpt-75-years-oneline.png 2x" width="84" height="34" /> </a> </div> <div class="Page-header-end"> <div class="Page-header-secondary-navigation"> <nav class="Navigation"> <ul class="Navigation-items"> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=0 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <span>Topics</span> <div class="NavigationItem-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationItem-items"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Management <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/exploration-discoveries" data-cms-ai="0" >Exploration/discoveries</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/geothermal" data-cms-ai="0" >Geothermal energy</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&D/innovation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/human-resources" data-cms-ai="0" >Human resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Production <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/artificial-lift" data-cms-ai="0" >Artificial lift</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-intervention" data-cms-ai="0" >Well intervention</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mature-fields" data-cms-ai="0" >Mature fields</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Data & Analytics <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/digital-oilfield" data-cms-ai="0" >Digital oilfield</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-mining-analysis" data-cms-ai="0" >Data mining/analysis</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Data management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/cybersecurity" data-cms-ai="0" >Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/robotics-unmanned-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Robotics/unmanned systems</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Completions <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/acidizing-stimulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing/stimulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sand-management-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Sand management/control</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-integrity-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Well integrity/control</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Drilling <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/directional-complex-wells" data-cms-ai="0" >Directional/complex wells</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mpd-ubd" data-cms-ai="0" >MPD/UBD</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-automation" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling automation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-completion-fluids" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling/completion fluids</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/casing-cementing-zonal-isolation" data-cms-ai="0" >Casing/cementing/zonal isolation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-damage" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation damage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Reservoir <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-characterization" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir characterization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-evaluation" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation evaluation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/petroleum-reserves" data-cms-ai="0" >Petroleum reserves</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Onshore/Offshore Facilities <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/pipelines-flowlines-risers" data-cms-ai="0" >Pipelines/flowlines/risers</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/separation-treating" data-cms-ai="0" >Separation/treating</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/processing-systems-design" data-cms-ai="0" >Processing systems/design</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/inspection-maintenance" data-cms-ai="0" >Inspection/maintenance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/flow-assurance" data-cms-ai="0" >Flow assurance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decommissioning" data-cms-ai="0" >Decommissioning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/lng" data-cms-ai="0" >LNG</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/midstream" data-cms-ai="0" >Midstream</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/offshore-wind" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore wind</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> HSE & Sustainability <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/health" data-cms-ai="0" >Health</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/emission-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Emission management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decarbonization" data-cms-ai="0" >Decarbonization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> SPE <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/spe-news" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE News</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> <ul class="NavigationItem-items-placeholder"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Management <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/exploration-discoveries" data-cms-ai="0" >Exploration/discoveries</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/geothermal" data-cms-ai="0" >Geothermal energy</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&D/innovation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/human-resources" data-cms-ai="0" >Human resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Production <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/artificial-lift" data-cms-ai="0" >Artificial lift</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-intervention" data-cms-ai="0" >Well intervention</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mature-fields" data-cms-ai="0" >Mature fields</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Data & Analytics <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/digital-oilfield" data-cms-ai="0" >Digital oilfield</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-mining-analysis" data-cms-ai="0" >Data mining/analysis</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Data management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/cybersecurity" data-cms-ai="0" >Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/robotics-unmanned-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Robotics/unmanned systems</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Completions <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/acidizing-stimulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing/stimulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sand-management-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Sand management/control</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-integrity-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Well integrity/control</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Drilling <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/directional-complex-wells" data-cms-ai="0" >Directional/complex wells</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mpd-ubd" data-cms-ai="0" >MPD/UBD</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-automation" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling automation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-completion-fluids" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling/completion fluids</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/casing-cementing-zonal-isolation" data-cms-ai="0" >Casing/cementing/zonal isolation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-damage" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation damage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Reservoir <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-characterization" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir characterization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-evaluation" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation evaluation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/petroleum-reserves" data-cms-ai="0" >Petroleum reserves</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Onshore/Offshore Facilities <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/pipelines-flowlines-risers" data-cms-ai="0" >Pipelines/flowlines/risers</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/separation-treating" data-cms-ai="0" >Separation/treating</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/processing-systems-design" data-cms-ai="0" >Processing systems/design</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/inspection-maintenance" data-cms-ai="0" >Inspection/maintenance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/flow-assurance" data-cms-ai="0" >Flow assurance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decommissioning" data-cms-ai="0" >Decommissioning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/lng" data-cms-ai="0" >LNG</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/midstream" data-cms-ai="0" >Midstream</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/offshore-wind" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore wind</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> HSE & Sustainability <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/health" data-cms-ai="0" >Health</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/emission-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Emission management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decarbonization" data-cms-ai="0" >Decarbonization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> SPE <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/spe-news" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE News</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=1 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <span>Discipline</span> <div class="NavigationItem-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationItem-items"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="NavigationItem-items-placeholder"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=2 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/latest-news" data-cms-ai="0">Latest News</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=3 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/sponsored-content" data-cms-ai="0">Sponsored Content</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=4 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/jpt-advertising-opportunities" data-cms-ai="0">Advertise</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="Page-header-topic-navigation collapsible-menu"> <nav class="Navigation"> <ul class="Navigation-items"> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=0 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <span>Topics</span> <div class="NavigationItem-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationItem-items"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Management <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/exploration-discoveries" data-cms-ai="0" >Exploration/discoveries</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/geothermal" data-cms-ai="0" >Geothermal energy</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&D/innovation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/human-resources" data-cms-ai="0" >Human resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Production <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/artificial-lift" data-cms-ai="0" >Artificial lift</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-intervention" data-cms-ai="0" >Well intervention</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mature-fields" data-cms-ai="0" >Mature fields</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Data & Analytics <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/digital-oilfield" data-cms-ai="0" >Digital oilfield</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-mining-analysis" data-cms-ai="0" >Data mining/analysis</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Data management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/cybersecurity" data-cms-ai="0" >Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/robotics-unmanned-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Robotics/unmanned systems</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Completions <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/acidizing-stimulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing/stimulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sand-management-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Sand management/control</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-integrity-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Well integrity/control</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Drilling <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/directional-complex-wells" data-cms-ai="0" >Directional/complex wells</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mpd-ubd" data-cms-ai="0" >MPD/UBD</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-automation" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling automation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-completion-fluids" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling/completion fluids</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/casing-cementing-zonal-isolation" data-cms-ai="0" >Casing/cementing/zonal isolation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-damage" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation damage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Reservoir <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-characterization" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir characterization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-evaluation" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation evaluation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/petroleum-reserves" data-cms-ai="0" >Petroleum reserves</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Onshore/Offshore Facilities <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/pipelines-flowlines-risers" data-cms-ai="0" >Pipelines/flowlines/risers</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/separation-treating" data-cms-ai="0" >Separation/treating</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/processing-systems-design" data-cms-ai="0" >Processing systems/design</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/inspection-maintenance" data-cms-ai="0" >Inspection/maintenance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/flow-assurance" data-cms-ai="0" >Flow assurance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decommissioning" data-cms-ai="0" >Decommissioning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/lng" data-cms-ai="0" >LNG</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/midstream" data-cms-ai="0" >Midstream</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/offshore-wind" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore wind</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> HSE & Sustainability <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/health" data-cms-ai="0" >Health</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/emission-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Emission management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decarbonization" data-cms-ai="0" >Decarbonization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> SPE <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/spe-news" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE News</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> <ul class="NavigationItem-items-placeholder"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Management <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/business-economics" data-cms-ai="0" >Business/economics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/exploration-discoveries" data-cms-ai="0" >Exploration/discoveries</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/field-project-development" data-cms-ai="0" >Field/project development</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/energy-transition" data-cms-ai="0" >Energy transition</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/geothermal" data-cms-ai="0" >Geothermal energy</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/r-d-innovation" data-cms-ai="0" >R&D/innovation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/human-resources" data-cms-ai="0" >Human resources</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Production <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/artificial-lift" data-cms-ai="0" >Artificial lift</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-intervention" data-cms-ai="0" >Well intervention</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/oilfield-chemistry" data-cms-ai="0" >Oilfield chemistry</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mature-fields" data-cms-ai="0" >Mature fields</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Data & Analytics <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/digital-oilfield" data-cms-ai="0" >Digital oilfield</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-mining-analysis" data-cms-ai="0" >Data mining/analysis</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Data management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/cybersecurity" data-cms-ai="0" >Cybersecurity</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/robotics-unmanned-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Robotics/unmanned systems</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Completions <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/acidizing-stimulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Acidizing/stimulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/coiled-tubing" data-cms-ai="0" >Coiled tubing</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sand-management-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Sand management/control</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/well-integrity-control" data-cms-ai="0" >Well integrity/control</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Drilling <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/directional-complex-wells" data-cms-ai="0" >Directional/complex wells</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/mpd-ubd" data-cms-ai="0" >MPD/UBD</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-automation" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling automation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling-completion-fluids" data-cms-ai="0" >Drilling/completion fluids</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/casing-cementing-zonal-isolation" data-cms-ai="0" >Casing/cementing/zonal isolation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-damage" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation damage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Reservoir <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-characterization" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir characterization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/formation-evaluation" data-cms-ai="0" >Formation evaluation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/petroleum-reserves" data-cms-ai="0" >Petroleum reserves</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> Onshore/Offshore Facilities <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/pipelines-flowlines-risers" data-cms-ai="0" >Pipelines/flowlines/risers</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/separation-treating" data-cms-ai="0" >Separation/treating</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/processing-systems-design" data-cms-ai="0" >Processing systems/design</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/inspection-maintenance" data-cms-ai="0" >Inspection/maintenance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/flow-assurance" data-cms-ai="0" >Flow assurance</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decommissioning" data-cms-ai="0" >Decommissioning</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/lng" data-cms-ai="0" >LNG</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/midstream" data-cms-ai="0" >Midstream</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/offshore-wind" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore wind</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> HSE & Sustainability <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/health" data-cms-ai="0" >Health</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/emission-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Emission management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/decarbonization" data-cms-ai="0" >Decarbonization</a> </li> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/carbon-capture-and-storage" data-cms-ai="0" >Carbon capture and storage</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><div class="NavigationList" > <div class="NavigationList-title"> SPE <div class="NavigationList-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationList-items"> <li class="NavigationList-items-item"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/spe-news" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE News</a> </li> </ul> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=1 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <span>Discipline</span> <div class="NavigationItem-more"> <button aria-label="Open Sub Navigation"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></button> </div> </div> <ul class="NavigationItem-items"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item" ><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="NavigationItem-items-placeholder"> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="NavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=2 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/latest-news" data-cms-ai="0">Latest News</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=3 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/sponsored-content" data-cms-ai="0">Sponsored Content</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="Navigation-items-item" data-index=4 ><div class="NavigationItem" > <div class="NavigationItem-text"> <a class="NavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/jpt-advertising-opportunities" data-cms-ai="0">Advertise</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="Page-header-search-container"> <button class="Page-header-search-button"><svg class="icon-magnify"><use xlink:href="#icon-magnify"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Show Search</span><svg class="close-x"><use xlink:href="#close-x"></use></svg></button> <div class="Page-header-search-overlay"> <form class="Page-header-search-form" action="https://jpt.spe.org/searchjpt#nt=navsearch" novalidate="" autocomplete="off"> <label><input placeholder="Keyword Search..." type="text" class="Page-header-search-input" name="q" required="true"><span class="sr-only">Search Query</span></label> <button type="submit" class="Page-header-search-submit"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon-magnify"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Submit Search</span></button> </form> </div> </div> <div class="Page-header-signIn signIn-saml"> <a class="Page-header-signIn-icon" href="/_auth/saml/login?redirectUrl=https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" aria-label="" data-cms-ai="0"> <svg class="avatar"> <use xlink:href="#avatar"></use> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </ps-header> <div class="TagPage-content"> <div class="TagPage-topContainer"> <div class="TagPage-headingWrapper"> <div class="TagPage-heading"> <h1 class="TagPage-pageHeading">Fracturing/pressure pumping</h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TagPage-wrapper"> <main class="TagPage-main"> <div class="Page-below" > <div class="OneColumnContainer"> <div class="OneColumnContainer-row"> <div class="OneColumnContainer-column"> <div class="ListG" data-hide-small-modules-descriptions="true"> <div class="ListG-header" data-no-title> </div> <div class="ListG-items"> <div class="ListG-items-column"> <div class="ListG-items-item"> <div class="PromoC"data-content-type="article" > <div class="PromoC-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Condensate Banking Analysis Optimizes Reservoir Development in Permian Basin" href="https://jpt.spe.org/condensate-banking-analysis-optimizes-reservoir-development-in-permian-basin-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Fig. 1—Flow chart of the integrated simulation workflow." width="850" height="566" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/6eba092/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x566+0+0/resize/850x566!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fab%2F00%2F27d54831421a8ae51f547bb17650%2Fjpt-2024-11-hfm4044947.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoLarge" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoC-content"> <div class="PromoC-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </div> <div class="PromoC-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/condensate-banking-analysis-optimizes-reservoir-development-in-permian-basin-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Condensate Banking Analysis Optimizes Reservoir Development in Permian Basin</a> </div> <div class="PromoC-description">This paper presents a specialized workflow that aims to quantify the severity of condensate banking and subsequently optimize reservoir development strategies for a deep formation in the Permian Basin.</div> <div class="PromoC-footer"> <span class="PromoC-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoC-by-line">November 1, 2024 • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoC-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ListG-items-column"> <div class="ListG-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="top" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Study Explores Fracture-Driven Interaction Mitigation Strategies for Field Development" href="https://jpt.spe.org/study-explores-fracture-driven-interaction-mitigation-strategies-for-field-development-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Fig. 1—Map view of the matrix depletion at the landing depth after 10 years of production. All child wells are completed when the parent wells feature a depletion level of 0.86. The color represents the level of depletion. L, M, and S represent large, medium, and small well spacing, respectively. " width="320" height="180" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/36b558b/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x478+0+44/resize/320x180!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F42%2F4e%2Fdfc2702e4271b61937a8c1b96b53%2Fjpt-2024-11-hfm4055561.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoMediumShort" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/study-explores-fracture-driven-interaction-mitigation-strategies-for-field-development-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Study Explores Fracture-Driven Interaction Mitigation Strategies for Field Development</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This paper describes numerical modeling studies of fracture-driven interactions using a coupled hydraulic-fracturing-propagation, reservoir-flow, and geomechanics tool.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">November 1, 2024 • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ListG-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="top" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Hydraulic Fracturing Modeling-2024" href="https://jpt.spe.org/hydraulic-fracturing-modeling-2024" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="JPT_2024-11_HFMFocus.jpg" width="320" height="180" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/e439741/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1024x576+0+96/resize/320x180!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F30%2F13%2F7abe903542bab4d8fe37dbdd042a%2Fjpt-2024-11-hfmfocus.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoMediumShort" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/hydraulic-fracturing-modeling-2024" data-cms-ai="0" >Hydraulic Fracturing Modeling-2024</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">The papers highlighted in this section demonstrate the merging of the theoretical and empirical to solve practical problems, addressing topics such as casing deformation, condensate banking, and mitigation of fracture-driven interactions.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">November 1, 2024 • Mark McClure • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RichTextModule"> <div class="RichTextModule-items RichTextBody"><p><hr style="width:100%"></hr style="width:100%"></p></div> </div> <div class="OneColumnContainer"> <div class="OneColumnContainer-row"> <div class="OneColumnContainer-column"> <ps-list-pagination> <div class="ListE ListE-Pagination"> <div class="ListE-header" data-no-title> </div> <ul class="ListE-items"> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Workflow Helps Predict Casing Deformation During Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Gas" href="https://jpt.spe.org/workflow-helps-predict-casing-deformation-during-hydraulic-fracturing-in-shale-gas-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Fig. 1—(left) Ant-tracking results, (center) fractures validated with microseismic events, and (right) natural-fracture model." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/db9e4a1/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fcb%2F7a%2Fbccdc70341ab9f1a3abd51206fd1%2Fjpt-2024-11-hfm4043054.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir-simulation" data-cms-ai="0" >Reservoir simulation</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/workflow-helps-predict-casing-deformation-during-hydraulic-fracturing-in-shale-gas-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Workflow Helps Predict Casing Deformation During Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Gas</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">A proposed integrated workflow aims to guide prediction and mitigating solutions to reduce casing-deformation risks and improve stimulation efficiency.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">November 1, 2024 • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Announcing the 2025 SPE/JPT Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Review To Elevate Your Brand With the Industry’s Premier Publication" href="https://jpt.spe.org/announcing-the-2025-spe-jpt-hydraulic-fracturing-supplement-to-elevate-your-brand-with-the-industrys-premier-publication" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Untitled design(14).png" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/e5fa423/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F33%2Fea%2Ffa2663784b4682610565e2b92713%2Funtitled-design14.png" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/announcing-the-2025-spe-jpt-hydraulic-fracturing-supplement-to-elevate-your-brand-with-the-industrys-premier-publication" data-cms-ai="0" >Announcing the 2025 SPE/JPT Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Review To Elevate Your Brand With the Industry’s Premier Publication</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">We’re thrilled to announce the launch of the 2025 SPE/JPT Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Review. This exclusive, official publication will be distributed at three major SPE industry events.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">October 9, 2024 • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Hess’ ‘Drainage’ Wells Show Strong Production but Face Cost and Spacing Challenges" href="https://jpt.spe.org/hess-drainage-wells-show-strong-production-but-face-cost-and-spacing-challenges-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="jpt_24_drain_wells_question.jpg" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/3c98a4e/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1280x715+0+2/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F3e%2F9d%2F1862db0e445c94b760658d4d1f2d%2Fjpt-24-drain-wells-question.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0" >Completions</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/hess-drainage-wells-show-strong-production-but-face-cost-and-spacing-challenges-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Hess’ ‘Drainage’ Wells Show Strong Production but Face Cost and Spacing Challenges</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">One hydraulic fracturing job can stimulate two wells, but economic success hinges on doing it in the right place for the right price.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">September 1, 2024 • Trent Jacobs • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Guest Editorial: Where Are Refracs Going, and Can We Make Them a Sure Thing?" href="https://jpt.spe.org/guest-editorial-where-are-refracs-going-and-can-we-make-them-a-sure-thing" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Oil price cap concept. Petroleum, petrodollar and crude oil concept. Oil pump on background of US dollars. Dollars and oil pumps" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/a28a093/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+62/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fdb%2F66%2Fff33a3b143d88222693efe82a6d0%2Fjpt-2024-08-guested-gi-1647091170.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/guest-editorial-where-are-refracs-going-and-can-we-make-them-a-sure-thing" data-cms-ai="0" >Guest Editorial: Where Are Refracs Going, and Can We Make Them a Sure Thing?</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">Based on 6 years of firsthand experience, refrac experts share some of their biggest insights into where the US market is headed and how to identify the best candidates.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">August 1, 2024 • Alex Goodwin • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Operators Quantify How Completions Tweaks Drive Production" href="https://jpt.spe.org/operators-quantify-how-completions-tweaks-drive-production-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Craig Cipolla, principal engineering advisor at Hess. " width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/31a3571/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+0/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F51%2F66%2Fc9c86c13469aaf1a0d7ab118440e%2Furtec-4044071-craig-cipolla-hesshero.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0" >Completions</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/operators-quantify-how-completions-tweaks-drive-production-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Operators Quantify How Completions Tweaks Drive Production</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">The new frontier of production improvement combines surveillance techniques and analysis to determine which variables boost output.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">August 1, 2024 • Jennifer Pallanich • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Integrated Technique Provides Effective Water Diagnostics in Tight Sand" href="https://jpt.spe.org/integrated-technique-provides-effective-water-diagnostics-in-tight-sand" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="The E-probe measures water holdup." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/6655270/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F39%2Fdc%2F56b1c5c54beea1468f79a2d44b38%2Fjpt-2024-07-utr3864145f1.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/integrated-technique-provides-effective-water-diagnostics-in-tight-sand" data-cms-ai="0" >Integrated Technique Provides Effective Water Diagnostics in Tight Sand</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This study describes a technique combining borehole acoustic reflection imaging with production logging in a horizontal well experiencing high water cut with the aim of enabling a mitigation plan.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">July 1, 2024 • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Extended Laterals and Hydraulic Fracturing Redevelop Tight Fractured Carbonates" href="https://jpt.spe.org/extended-laterals-and-hydraulic-fracturing-redevelop-tight-fractured-carbonates" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Idealized diagram of Eagle Ford and Austin Chalk well spacing. Blue represents Eagle Ford and red Austin Chalk. Eagle Ford lateral well spacing is 450 ft, and Austin Chalk is 900 ft. The hypotenuse distance from Eagle Ford to Austin Chalk is 270 ft. " width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/5849d8c/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F66%2Ff4%2F457cdc9f458aad1c504c012180e3%2Fjpt-2024-07-utr216292f1.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/extended-laterals-and-hydraulic-fracturing-redevelop-tight-fractured-carbonates" data-cms-ai="0" >Extended Laterals and Hydraulic Fracturing Redevelop Tight Fractured Carbonates</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">The authors investigate the utility of applying unconventional technology to low- or variably producing carbonate reservoirs to increase estimated ultimate recovery and decrease development-scale variability.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">July 1, 2024 • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Quidnet Energy Finds Partner To Create Around 100 Energy Storage Wells in Texas " href="https://jpt.spe.org/quidnet-energy-finds-partner-to-create-around-100-energy-storage-wells-in-texas" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="A rendering of a potential co-located solar array and subsurface energy storage site. " width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/eea233d/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1024x572+0+2/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F59%2Fea%2F82667e2e464fa3672b4616ec0f22%2Fjpt-2023-10-pumpstorage-quidnet-render.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/fracturing-pressure-pumping" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracturing/pressure pumping</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/quidnet-energy-finds-partner-to-create-around-100-energy-storage-wells-in-texas" data-cms-ai="0" >Quidnet Energy Finds Partner To Create Around 100 Energy Storage Wells in Texas </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">Hunt Energy Network invested $10 million into Quidnet to help scale up the company’s concept for geopressured energy storage to the tune of 300 MW.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">June 3, 2024 • Trent Jacobs • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Hydraulic Fracturing Optimizes Extraction of Reservoir Initially Considered Secondary" href="https://jpt.spe.org/hydraulic-fracturing-optimizes-extraction-of-reservoir-initially-considered-secondary" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Channel-fracturing technique." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/e70cb7a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F2d%2Fde%2F327e427642899f5a8c58ac06067e%2Fjpt-2024-06-hfo213110.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/hydraulic-fracturing-optimizes-extraction-of-reservoir-initially-considered-secondary" data-cms-ai="0" >Hydraulic Fracturing Optimizes Extraction of Reservoir Initially Considered Secondary</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This paper describes a hydraulic fracturing pilot project using a technique that generates higher fracture conductivity to reduce the drawdown during production and improve connection through laminations.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">June 1, 2024 • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Fracture Stimulation Increases Production in Challenging North African Completions" href="https://jpt.spe.org/fracture-stimulation-increases-production-in-challenging-north-african-completions" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Algerian Sahara" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/a89bfd9/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F83%2Fe0%2F907eab8f48bc8aab3a3ba57d7b41%2Fjpt-2024-06-hf215705-gi-1062546072.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/fracture-stimulation-increases-production-in-challenging-north-african-completions" data-cms-ai="0" >Fracture Stimulation Increases Production in Challenging North African Completions</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This paper presents a case study of a North African oil field producing from two Ordovician sands with differing permeabilities where significant benefit was achieved by fracture stimulating one or both intervals in two wells.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">June 1, 2024 • <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="ListE-pagination"> <div class="ListE-previousPage" data-inactive><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></div> <div class="ListE-pageCounts">Page 1 of 48</div> <div class="ListE-nextPage" ><a href="?00000176-732a-d76b-af77-7f2fb0270000-page=2" rel="next" data-cms-ai="0"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Next</span></a></div> </div> </div> </ps-list-pagination> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="googleAd4638265b-44f9-4105-9e1b-c1ef5d762019" class="GoogleDfpAd" data-slot-name="/57789820/SPE_728x90_1" data-sticky-ads='true' data-slot-sizes="[[728, 90], [320, 50]]" data-slot-adSizeMap="[[[800, 0], [728, 90]], [[0, 0], [320, 50]]]"> <span class="GoogleDfpAd-placeholder"></span> </div> </div> </main> </div> </div> <footer class="Page-footer"> <div class="Page-footer-content"> <div class="Page-footer-columns"> <div class="Page-footer-column"> <div class="Page-footer-content"> <div class="Page-footer-logo"><a aria-label="home page" href="/" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="PageLogo-image" src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/e8bae48/2147483647/strip/true/crop/588x152+0+0/resize/217x56!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fe2%2F3f%2F5c332dbe44dcae6fc5387f971831%2Fjpt-bs-logo.png" alt="Journal of Petroleum Technology Logo" srcset="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/413b046/2147483647/strip/true/crop/588x152+0+0/resize/434x112!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fe2%2F3f%2F5c332dbe44dcae6fc5387f971831%2Fjpt-bs-logo.png 2x" width="217" height="56" /> </a> </div> <div class="RichTextModule"> <div class="RichTextModule-items RichTextBody"><p>The <i>Journal of Petroleum Technology</i>, the Society of Petroleum Engineers’ flagship magazine, presents authoritative briefs and features on technology advancements in exploration and production, oil and gas industry issues, and news about SPE and its members.</p><p>ISSN: 1944-978X (Online)<br>ISSN: 0149-2136 (Print)</p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="Page-footer-column"> <div class="Page-footer-navigation"> <nav class="FooterNavigation cols-4"> <ul class="FooterNavigation-items"> <li class="FooterNavigation-items-item "> <div class="FooterNavigationItem" > <a class="FooterNavigationItem-text-link" href="https://www.spe.org/en/members/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0" >Members</a> <ul class="FooterNavigationItem-items"> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://www.spe.org/en/join/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">Join SPE</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://www.spe.org/en/join/renew/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">Renew</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/contact-us" data-cms-ai="0">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="FooterNavigation-items-item "> <div class="FooterNavigationItem" > <a class="FooterNavigationItem-text-link" href="https://www.spe.org/en/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0" >SPE</a> <ul class="FooterNavigationItem-items"> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://www.spe.org/en/publications/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">Publications</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://onepetro.org/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">OnePetro</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://petrowiki.spe.org/PetroWiki" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">PetroWiki</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/twa/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">The Way Ahead</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://www.spe.org/en/about/privacypolicy/" target="_blank" data-cms-ai="0">SPE Privacy Policy</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="FooterNavigation-items-item "> <div class="FooterNavigationItem" > <a class="FooterNavigationItem-text-link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/" data-cms-ai="0" >JPT</a> <ul class="FooterNavigationItem-items"> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/about-jpt" data-cms-ai="0">About JPT</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/oil-and-gas-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Oil and Gas Facilities</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/hse-now" data-cms-ai="0">HSE Now</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/data-science-and-digital-engineering" data-cms-ai="0">Data Science and Digital Engineering</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/jpt-editorial-review-board" data-cms-ai="0">Editorial Board</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/jpt-advertising-opportunities" data-cms-ai="0">Advertise</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="FooterNavigation-items-item "> <div class="FooterNavigationItem" > <div class="FooterNavigationItem-text-link"> <span class="FooterNavigationItem-text-link-label">Explore Content by Discipline</span> </div> <ul class="FooterNavigationItem-items"> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/completions" data-cms-ai="0">Completions</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/data-analytics" data-cms-ai="0">Data & Analytics</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/drilling" data-cms-ai="0">Drilling </a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0">HSE & Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/management" data-cms-ai="0">Management</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/onshore-offshore-facilities" data-cms-ai="0">Onshore/Offshore Facilities</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/production" data-cms-ai="0">Production</a> </li> <li class="FooterNavigationItem-items-item"><a class="NavigationLink" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/reservoir" data-cms-ai="0">Reservoir</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="Page-footer-bottom"> <div class="Page-footer-disclaimer">©2003-2024 Society of Petroleum Engineers<br>All Rights Reserved.</div> <div class="Page-footer-social"><div class="SocialBar"> <div class="SocialBar-heading">Follow Us</div> <ul class="SocialBar-items"> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/SPEtweets" target="_blank" data-social-service="twitter" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-twitter"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">twitter</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.instagram.com/spengineers/" target="_blank" data-social-service="instagram" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-instagram"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">instagram</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpEDUpRgVA32NNaLF1ffIgw" target="_blank" data-social-service="youtube" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-youtube"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">youtube</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/spemembers/" target="_blank" data-social-service="facebook" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-facebook"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">facebook</span></a> </li> <li class="SocialBar-items-item"> <a class="SocialLink" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/jpt-journal-of-petroleum-technology/" target="_blank" data-social-service="linkedin" data-cms-ai="0"><svg><use xlink:href="#mono-icon-linkedin"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">linkedin</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <span data-bsp-pv="90602a54-e7fb-3b69-8e25-236e50f8f7f5"></span><span data-bsp-pv="00000176-6d50-d2a1-ad7f-ef50d7f2001c"></span><script data-bsp-site="00000176-6834-d526-a5f6-6b7c039e0000" data-bsp-contentid="00000176-6d50-d2a1-ad7f-ef50d7f2001c"></script><script data-bsp-site="00000176-6834-d526-a5f6-6b7c039e0000" data-bsp-contentid="00000176-6d50-d2a1-ad7f-ef50d7f2001c" src="https://assets.spe.org/resource/00000175-9914-d088-a17f-df7564930000/_resource/analytics/bsp-analytics.min.3d492319d8b084de04ab3a208c32f0b5.gz.js"></script></body> </html>