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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Packaged_product"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Packaged product</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Packaged_product-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Packaged product subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Packaged_product-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hummus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B5_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9" title="حمص بطحينة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حمص بطحينة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus" title="Humus – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Humus" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Хоммос – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хоммос" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Хумус – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хумус" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81_(%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Хумус (храна) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хумус (храна)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houmous" title="Houmous – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Houmous" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus" title="Humus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Humus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwmws" title="Hwmws – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hwmws" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="Χούμους – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χούμους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikerka%C4%89o" title="Kikerkaĉo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kikerkaĉo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B5_(%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9)" title="حمص (خوراک) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حمص (خوراک)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houmous" title="Houmous – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Houmous" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9B%94%EB%AC%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="훔무스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="훔무스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD_(%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF)" title="Հումուս (ուտեստ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հումուս (ուտեստ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="हुम्मुस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हुम्मुस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus_(jelo)" title="Humus (jelo) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Humus (jelo)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1" title="חומוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹುಮುಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹುಮುಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="ჰუმუსი (საჭმელი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰუმუსი (საჭმელი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humusas_(patiekalas)" title="Humusas (patiekalas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Humusas (patiekalas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummusz" title="Hummusz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hummusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81_(%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5)" title="Хумус (јадење) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хумус (јадење)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹമൂസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹമൂസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B9" title="フンムス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フンムス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus" title="Humus – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Humus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homus" title="Homus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Homus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Хумус – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хумус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE)" title="Хумус (јело) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хумус (јело)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus" title="Humus – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Humus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ฮัมมัส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮัมมัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus_(yemek)" 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href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%87%D9%85%D9%85%DB%87%D8%B3" title="ھۇممۇس – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھۇممۇس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hummus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%B0%E5%98%B4%E8%B1%86%E6%B3%A5" title="鹰嘴豆泥 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鹰嘴豆泥" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Middle Eastern chickpea puree dish</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the food. For the organic matter in soil, see <a href="/wiki/Humus" title="Humus">Humus</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hummus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hummus (disambiguation)">Hummus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Homos" redirects here. For the Egyptian footballer, see <a href="/wiki/Homos_(footballer)" title="Homos (footballer)">Homos (footballer)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Hummus</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lebanese_style_hummus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Lebanese_style_hummus.jpg/250px-Lebanese_style_hummus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Lebanese_style_hummus.jpg/330px-Lebanese_style_hummus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Lebanese_style_hummus.jpg/500px-Lebanese_style_hummus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="1602" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Msabaha</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Course</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">Meze</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Region or state</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Serving temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">Room temperature or cold</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">Chickpeas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">tahini</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/20px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Hummus" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Hummus">Cookbook: Hummus</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hummus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hummus">Media: Hummus</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hummus</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-camb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lexico_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lexico-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حُمُّص</span> <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥummuṣ</i></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">chickpeas</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, also spelled <b>hommus</b> or <b>houmous</b>), is a <a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nussbaum_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nussbaum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dip_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dip (food)">dip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spread_(food)" title="Spread (food)">spread</a>, or savory <a href="/wiki/Dish_(food)" title="Dish (food)">dish</a> made from cooked, mashed <a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpeas</a> blended with <a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">tahini</a>, lemon juice, and garlic.<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson_2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The standard garnish includes olive oil, a few whole chickpeas, parsley, and paprika.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest mention of hummus was in a <a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a> cookbook attributed to the historian <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Adim" title="Ibn al-Adim">Ibn al-Adim</a> from <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mag111_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag111-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commonly consumed in <a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine cuisine</a>, it is usually eaten as a dip with <a href="/wiki/Pita_bread" class="mw-redirect" title="Pita bread">pita bread</a>. In the West, it is produced industrially and consumed as a snack or appetizer with crackers or vegetables.<sup id="cite_ref-Nussbaum_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nussbaum-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_spelling">Etymology and spelling</h2></div> <p>The word <i>hummus</i> is <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حُمُّص</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥummuṣ</i></span> '<a href="/wiki/Chickpeas" class="mw-redirect" title="Chickpeas">chickpeas</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lexico_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lexico-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The full name of the prepared spread in Arabic is <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥummuṣ bi ṭaḥīna</i></span> 'chickpeas with tahini'.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colloquial Arabic word <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥummuṣ</i></span> is a variant of the Arabic <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥimmaṣ</i></span> or <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥimmiṣ</i></span> which may be derived from the <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a> language (<span title="Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language text"><span lang="arc" dir="rtl">חמצי</span></span> <span title="Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)-language romanization"><i lang="arc-Latn">ḥemṣīn, ḥemṣāy</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-Nişanyan_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nişanyan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), corresponding to the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> word for chickpeas: <span title="Classical Syriac-language romanization"><i lang="syc-Latn">ḥem(m)ṣē</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-ahd_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahd-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word entered the English language around the mid-20th century from the Arabic <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥummuṣ</i></span> or via its <a href="/wiki/Borrowing_(linguistics)" title="Borrowing (linguistics)">borrowing</a> for the name of the dish in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">humus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spelling of the word in English can be inconsistent, though most major dictionaries from American and British publishers give <i>hummus</i> as the primary spelling. Some American dictionaries give <i>hommos</i> as an alternative, while British dictionaries give <i>houmous</i> or <i>hoummos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peters_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peters-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lexico_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lexico-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ahd_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahd-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major British supermarkets use <i>houmous</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other spellings include <i>homous</i>, <i>houmos</i>, <i>houmus</i>, and similar variants. While <i>humus</i> (as it is spelled in Turkish) is sometimes found, it is avoided as a <a href="/wiki/Heteronym_(linguistics)" title="Heteronym (linguistics)">heteronym</a> of <a href="/wiki/Humus" title="Humus">humus, organic matter in soil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peters_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peters-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_history">Origin and history</h2></div> <p>Although multiple different theories and claims of origins exist in various parts of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, evidence is insufficient to determine the precise location or time of the invention of hummus.<sup id="cite_ref-spechler_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spechler-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its basic ingredients—<a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea">chickpeas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>—have been combined and eaten in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> for centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though regional populations widely ate chickpeas, and often cooked them in stews and other hot dishes,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> puréed chickpeas eaten cold with tahini do not appear in records before the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> in Egypt and the Levant.<sup id="cite_ref-zaouali_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaouali-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest mention of Hummus comes from Syria, in a 13th-century cookbook attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppine</a> historian Ibn al-Adim.<sup id="cite_ref-mag111_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag111-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other early written recipes for a dish resembling <i><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ḥummuṣ bi ṭaḥīna</i></span></i> are recorded in cookbooks written in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> in the 14th-century.<sup id="cite_ref-spechler_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spechler-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A cold purée of chickpeas with vinegar and pickled lemons with herbs, spices, and oil, but no tahini or garlic, appears in the <i>Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كنز الفوائد في تنويع الموائد</span></span>);<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zaouali_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaouali-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a purée of chickpeas and tahini called <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">hummus kasa</i></span> appears in <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Hasan_al-Baghdadi" title="Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi">Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi</a>'s <i>The Book of Dishes</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is based on puréed chickpeas and tahini, and <a href="/wiki/Acidulated_water" title="Acidulated water">acidulated with vinegar</a> (not lemon), but it also contains many spices, herbs, and nuts, and no garlic. It is also served by rolling it out and letting it sit overnight.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_preparations">Regional preparations</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hummuswithpinenuts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Hummuswithpinenuts.jpg/220px-Hummuswithpinenuts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Hummuswithpinenuts.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="180" /></a><figcaption>Hummus with pine nuts and olive oil</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Houmous.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Houmous.jpg/250px-Houmous.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Houmous.jpg/330px-Houmous.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Houmous.jpg/500px-Houmous.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Hummus served in a bowl on a platter of <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pita bread</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As an <a href="/wiki/Appetizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Appetizer">appetizer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dip_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dip (food)">dip</a>, diners scoop hummus with <a href="/wiki/Flatbread" title="Flatbread">flatbread</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also served as part of a <a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">meze</a> or as an accompaniment to <a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">falafel</a>, grilled chicken, fish, or <a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hummus is a common dip in Egypt where it is eaten with <a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">pita</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-egypt_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egypt-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and frequently flavored with <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a> or other spices.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-egypt_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-egypt-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, hummus has long been a staple food, often served as a warm dish, with bread for breakfast, lunch or dinner. All of the ingredients in hummus are easily found in gardens, farms and markets, thus adding to the availability and popularity of the dish. Hummus is usually garnished with olive oil, <a href="/wiki/Mentha_spicata#Cultivation_and_uses" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentha spicata"><i>"nana"</i> mint</a> leaves, paprika, and parsley.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hummus is a common part of everyday meals in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is made from ingredients that, following <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a> (Jewish dietary laws), <a href="/wiki/Pareve" title="Pareve">can be combined with both meat and dairy meals</a>. Chickpea dishes have long been part of the <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">cuisine</a> of Jews who lived in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">Northern Africa</a>. The many Mizrahi Jewish immigrants from these countries brought their own unique variations, such as hummus with fried eggplant and boiled eggs prepared by Iraqi Jews. Israeli versions use large amounts of tahini for a creamier texture.<sup id="cite_ref-MSSC_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSSC-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One author calls hummus, "One of the most popular and best-known of all Syrian dishes" and a "must on any <a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">mezzeh</a> table."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Syrian and Lebanese in Canada's Arab <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a> prepare and consume hummus along with other dishes like falafel, <a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">kibbeh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">tabbouleh</a>, even among the third- and fourth-generation offspring of the original immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-Magocsi_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magocsi-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, hummus is part of the local cuisine in both <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Turkish Cypriot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriots" title="Greek Cypriots">Greek Cypriot</a> communities where it is called "humoi" (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">χούμοι</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-DELAC_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DELAC-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LIC_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LIC-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United Kingdom, hummus was popularized by Greek Cypriot caterers, sometimes leading to a perception of it being a Greek food.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Turkey, hummus is considered a <a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">meze</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, in the region of <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, there is a dish called <a href="/wiki/Poichichade" title="Poichichade">poichichade</a> that resembles hummus.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States and Europe, hummus is commercially available in numerous traditional and non-traditional varieties, such as beet or chocolate.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2></div> <p>Chickpeas, the main ingredient of conventional hummus, have appreciable amounts of <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">vitamin B6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a> and other nutrients.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As hummus recipes vary, so does nutritional content, depending primarily on the relative proportions of chickpeas, <a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">tahini</a>, and water. Hummus provides roughly 170 <a href="/wiki/Calories" class="mw-redirect" title="Calories">calories</a> for 100 grams, and is a good to excellent (more than 10% of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>) source of dietary fiber, vitamin B6, and several <a href="/wiki/Dietary_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary minerals">dietary minerals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-humcom_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humcom-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-humhome_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humhome-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Packaged_product">Packaged product</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> <p>In the 1980s, the supermarket <a href="/wiki/Waitrose" title="Waitrose">Waitrose</a> was the first British supermarket to stock hummus, spelled houmous.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hummus was popularized in the UK by chefs such as <a href="/wiki/Yotam_Ottolenghi" title="Yotam Ottolenghi">Yotam Ottolenghi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Roden" title="Claudia Roden">Claudia Roden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anissa_Helou" title="Anissa Helou">Anissa Helou</a>. As of 2013, £60 million worth of hummus was sold in the UK each year, and one survey found that 41% of Britons had hummus in their fridge, twice as many as the rest of Europe. A Waitrose spokesperson said it had become a grocery <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <p>In 2006, hummus was present in 12 percent of American households, rising to 17 percent by early 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-fox_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One commentator attributed the growth of hummus to America's embrace of ethnic and exotic foods.<sup id="cite_ref-fox_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While in 2006–08 when some 15 million Americans consumed hummus, and annual national sales were about $5 million, sales growth in 2016 was reflected by an estimated 25% of US households consuming hummus.<sup id="cite_ref-justin_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justin-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2016, the leading American hummus manufacturer, <a href="/wiki/Sabra_(company)" title="Sabra (company)">Sabra Dipping Company</a>, held a 62% market share for hummus sales in the United States, and was forecast to exceed $1 billion in sales in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-justin_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justin-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scott_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scott-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-watson_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-watson-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To meet the rising consumer demand for hummus, American farmers increased their production of chickpeas four-fold since 2009, harvesting more than 100,000,000 pounds (45,000,000 kg) in 2015, an increase from 25,000,000 pounds (11,000,000 kg) in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-justin_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-justin-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hummus consumption has been so popular that many tobacco farmers have switched to growing chickpeas to meet demand.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_food_in_the_Arab-Israeli_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of food in the Arab-Israeli conflict">Politics of food in the Arab-Israeli conflict</a></div> <p>Hummus is often seen as an unofficial "national dish" of Israel, reflecting its huge popularity and significance among the entire Israeli population,<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which Israel's critics describe as an <a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">appropriation</a> of Lebanese,<sup id="cite_ref-ariel_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ariel-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinian or Arab culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitnick_2007_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitnick_2007-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ofra Tene and Dafna Hirsch, the dispute over ownership of hummus exposes <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> through food and the important role played by the industrialization of hummus made by Israeli private companies in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although, hummus has traditionally been part of the <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Mizrahi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Mizrahi Jews">cuisine of the Mizrahi Jews</a> who lived in <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arabic-speaking lands</a>, the dish was also popularized among the Jewish immigrants from Europe in the late 19th and early 20th century. Historian Dafna Hirsch describes its adoption in their diet as part of an attempt of blending in the Middle Eastern environment,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while sociologist Rafi Grosglick points out the importance of its health aspects to their diet.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, through a process of gourmetization, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_identity" title="Arab identity">Arab identity</a> of hummus became a marker of its authenticity, making famous <a href="/wiki/Arab-Israeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab-Israeli">Arab-Israeli</a> villages such as <a href="/wiki/Abu_Gosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Gosh">Abu Gosh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Yasif" title="Kafr Yasif">Kafr Yasif</a>. Hence, enthusiasts travel to the more remote Arab and <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> villages in the northern <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> region for culinary experiences.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marks_2010_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks_2010-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2008, the Association of Lebanese Industrialists petitioned the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Ministry_of_Economy_and_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese Ministry of Economy and Trade">Lebanese Ministry of Economy and Trade</a> to request protected status from the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> for hummus as a uniquely Lebanese food, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Protected_Geographical_Status" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected Geographical Status">Protected Geographical Status</a> rights held over regional food items by various <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> countries.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hummus&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Lebanese Industrialists Association was still "collecting documents and proof" to support its claim.<sup id="cite_ref-Score_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Score-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2005 short film <i><a href="/wiki/West_Bank_Story" title="West Bank Story">West Bank Story</a></i> features a rivalry between two fictional restaurants, the Israeli "Kosher King" and the Palestinian "Hummus Hut". A <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parody</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i>, the film won the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Australian filmmaker Trevor Graham released a documentary, <i>Make Hummus Not War</i>, on the political and gastronomic aspects of hummus.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lebanon and Israel's chefs have been engaged in a competition over the largest dish of hummus, as validated by the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness World Record">Guinness World Record</a>, as a form of contestation of "ownership".<sup id="cite_ref-ariel_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ariel-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "title" has gone back and forth between Israel (2008), Lebanon (2009), Israel (January 2010),<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, as of 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hummus&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Lebanon (May 2010).<sup id="cite_ref-ariel_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ariel-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-big_one_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-big_one-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The winning dish, cooked by 300 cooks in the village of al-Fanar, near <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, weighed approximately 10,450 kilograms (23,040 lb), more than double the weight of the Israeli-Arab previous record.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/120px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bean_dip" title="Bean dip">Bean dip</a> – Type of dipping sauce</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dip_(food)#List_of_common_dips" class="mw-redirect" title="Dip (food)">List of dips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hors_d%27oeuvre" title="List of hors d'oeuvre">List of hors d'oeuvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legume_dishes" title="List of legume dishes">List of legume dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Msabbaha" title="Msabbaha">Msabbaha</a> – Variation of hummus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poichichade" title="Poichichade">Poichichade</a> - Similar dish from France</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-camb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-camb_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/hummus?a=british">"hummus Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"</a>. <i>dictionary.cambridge.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170807153452/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/hummus?a=british">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=dictionary.cambridge.org&rft.atitle=hummus+Meaning+in+the+Cambridge+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fhummus%3Fa%3Dbritish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lexico-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lexico_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lexico_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lexico_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/definition/hummus">"Hummus | Definition of hummus by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Hummus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001220110/https://www.lexico.com/definition/hummus">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico&rft.atitle=Hummus+%7C+Definition+of+hummus+by+Oxford+Dictionary+on+Lexico.com+also+meaning+of+Hummus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fhummus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nussbaum-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nussbaum_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nussbaum_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2021" class="citation book cs1">Nussbaum, Harriet (11 November 2021). <i>Hummus A Global History</i>. Reaktion Books. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hummus+A+Global+History&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davidson_2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_2014_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson2014" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Alan (21 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bIIeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA172"><i>The Oxford Companion to Food</i></a>. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191040726" title="Special:BookSources/9780191040726"><bdi>9780191040726</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Food&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2014-08-21&rft.isbn=9780191040726&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbIIeBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Roden" title="Claudia Roden">Claudia Roden</a>, <i>A Book of Middle Eastern Food</i>, 1985, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0394471814" title="Special:BookSources/0394471814">0394471814</a>, p. 45–46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sonia Uvezian, <i>Recipes and Remembrances from an Eastern Mediterranean Kitchen</i>, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780970971685" title="Special:BookSources/9780970971685">9780970971685</a>, p. 106–107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mag111-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mag111_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mag111_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShaheen2023" class="citation web cs1">Shaheen, Kareem (24 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newlinesmag.com/newsletter/the-true-origins-of-hummus/">"The True Origins of Hummus"</a>. <i>New Lines Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Lines+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+True+Origins+of+Hummus&rft.date=2023-03-24&rft.aulast=Shaheen&rft.aufirst=Kareem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewlinesmag.com%2Fnewsletter%2Fthe-true-origins-of-hummus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hummus">"Definition of hummus"</a>. <i>www.merriam-webster.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+hummus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fhummus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maan Z. Madina, <i>Arabic-English Dictionary of the Modern Literary Language</i>, 1973</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Roden" title="Claudia Roden">Claudia Roden</a>, <i>The New Book of Middle Eastern Food</i>, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0307558568" title="Special:BookSources/0307558568">0307558568</a>, p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nişanyan-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nişanyan_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nisanyansozluk.com/?k=humus2&lnk=1">"humus"</a>. <i>Nişanyan Sözlük</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ni%C5%9Fanyan+S%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk&rft.atitle=humus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnisanyansozluk.com%2F%3Fk%3Dhumus2%26lnk%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ahd-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ahd_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ahd_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=hummus">"American Heritage Dictionary Entry: hummus"</a>. <i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170807153052/https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=hummus">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary+Entry%3A+hummus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dhummus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED2-hummus" class="citation book cs1">"hummus". <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=hummus&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/hummus">"Definition of hummus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+hummus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fhummus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peters-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peters_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peters_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPam_Peters2007" class="citation cs2">Pam Peters (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nV8h0gnU1UEC&q=hummus+arabic&pg=RA1-PA370"><i>The Cambridge Guide to Australian English Usage</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, p. 370, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87821-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87821-0"><bdi>978-0-521-87821-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Guide+to+Australian+English+Usage&rft.pages=370&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-87821-0&rft.au=Pam+Peters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnV8h0gnU1UEC%26q%3Dhummus%2Barabic%26pg%3DRA1-PA370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107102014/https://groceries.aldi.co.uk/en-GB/p-the-deli-houmous-200g/4088600003429"><i>Aldi Website Houmous entry</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groceries.aldi.co.uk/en-GB/p-the-deli-houmous-200g/4088600003429">the original</a> on 7 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aldi+Website+Houmous+entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroceries.aldi.co.uk%2Fen-GB%2Fp-the-deli-houmous-200g%2F4088600003429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lidl.co.uk/p/chilled/meadow-fresh-houmous/p42171"><i>LIDL Website Houmous entry</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LIDL+Website+Houmous+entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lidl.co.uk%2Fp%2Fchilled%2Fmeadow-fresh-houmous%2Fp42171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groceries.https://www.sainsburys.co.uk/gol-ui/product/sainsburys-houmous-200g"><i>Sainsburys Website Houmous entry</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sainsburys+Website+Houmous+entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroceries.https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sainsburys.co.uk%2Fgol-ui%2Fproduct%2Fsainsburys-houmous-200g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tesco.com/groceries/en-GB/products/255412675"><i>Tesco Website Houmous entry</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tesco+Website+Houmous+entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tesco.com%2Fgroceries%2Fen-GB%2Fproducts%2F255412675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waitrose.com/ecom/products/essential-houmous/048783-24278-24279"><i>Waitrose Website Houmous entry</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waitrose+Website+Houmous+entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waitrose.com%2Fecom%2Fproducts%2Fessential-houmous%2F048783-24278-24279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spechler-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spechler_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spechler_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpechler2017" class="citation web cs1">Spechler, Diana (11 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20171211-who-invented-hummus">"Who invented hummus?"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+invented+hummus%3F&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2017-12-11&rft.aulast=Spechler&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Fstory%2F20171211-who-invented-hummus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tannahill p. 25, 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brothwell & Brothwell <i>passim</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>e.g.</i> a "simple dish" of meat, pulses and spices <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Hasan_al-Baghdadi" title="Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi">Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi</a> described in the 13th century, Tannahill p. 174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zaouali-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zaouali_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zaouali_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZaoualiDeBevoiseZaouali2009" class="citation book cs1">Zaouali, Lilia; DeBevoise, M. B.; Zaouali, Lilia (2009). <i>Medieval cuisine of the Islamic world: a concise history with 174 recipes</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-26174-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-26174-7"><bdi>978-0-520-26174-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+cuisine+of+the+Islamic+world%3A+a+concise+history+with+174+recipes&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-520-26174-7&rft.aulast=Zaouali&rft.aufirst=Lilia&rft.au=DeBevoise%2C+M.+B.&rft.au=Zaouali%2C+Lilia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span> translation of <i>L'Islam a tavola</i> (2004), p. 65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMishan2023" class="citation news cs1">Mishan, Ligaya (26 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/26/magazine/ancient-hummus-recipe.html">"This Hummus Holds Up After 800 Years"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=This+Hummus+Holds+Up+After+800+Years&rft.date=2023-07-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Mishan&rft.aufirst=Ligaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F07%2F26%2Fmagazine%2Fancient-hummus-recipe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVerde2024" class="citation web cs1">Verde, Tom (21 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/medieval-hummus">"Medieval Chefs Would Have Liked Dessert Hummus"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=Medieval+Chefs+Would+Have+Liked+Dessert+Hummus&rft.date=2024-05-21&rft.aulast=Verde&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Farticles%2Fmedieval-hummus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia of Jewish Food</i>, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, By Gil Marks, page 270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/display/title/34975?language=en">"Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table: A Fourteenth-Century Egyptian Cookbook: English Translation, with an Introduction and Glossary"</a>, <i>Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table: A Fourteenth-Century Egyptian Cookbook</i>, Brill, 9 November 2017, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-34991-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-34991-9"><bdi>978-90-04-34991-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Treasure+Trove+of+Benefits+and+Variety+at+the+Table%3A+A+Fourteenth-Century+Egyptian+Cookbook&rft.atitle=Treasure+Trove+of+Benefits+and+Variety+at+the+Table%3A+A+Fourteenth-Century+Egyptian+Cookbook%3A+English+Translation%2C+with+an+Introduction+and+Glossary&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft.isbn=978-90-04-34991-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Ftitle%2F34975%3Flanguage%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNasrallah2018" class="citation book cs1">Nasrallah, Nawal (2018). <i>Treasure trove of benefits and variety at the table: a fourteenth-century Egyptian cookbook</i>. Leiden Boston: Brill. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Treasure_Trove_of_Benefits_and_Variety_a/fIJ1DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=9789004349919&">https://www.google.com/books/edition/Treasure_Trove_of_Benefits_and_Variety_a/fIJ1DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=9789004349919&</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004349919" title="Special:BookSources/9789004349919"><bdi>9789004349919</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treasure+trove+of+benefits+and+variety+at+the+table%3A+a+fourteenth-century+Egyptian+cookbook&rft.place=Leiden+Boston&rft.pages=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FTreasure_Trove_of_Benefits_and_Variety_a%2FfIJ1DwAAQBAJ%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3D9789004349919%26&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9789004349919&rft.aulast=Nasrallah&rft.aufirst=Nawal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIbn-al-KarīmPerryibn_al-Karīm2005" class="citation book cs1">Ibn-al-Karīm, Muḥammad Ibn-al-Ḥasan; Perry, Charles; ibn al-Karīm, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan (2005). <i>A Baghdad cookery book: the book of dishes (Kitāb al-ṭabīkh)</i>. Totnes: Prospect Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781903018422" title="Special:BookSources/9781903018422"><bdi>9781903018422</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Baghdad+cookery+book%3A+the+book+of+dishes+%28Kit%C4%81b+al-%E1%B9%ADab%C4%ABkh%29&rft.place=Totnes&rft.pub=Prospect+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781903018422&rft.aulast=Ibn-al-Kar%C4%ABm&rft.aufirst=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+Ibn-al-%E1%B8%A4asan&rft.au=Perry%2C+Charles&rft.au=ibn+al-Kar%C4%ABm%2C+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+al-%E1%B8%A4asan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perry <i>et al.</i>, p. 383</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRaz,_Dan_Savery2015" class="citation web cs1">Raz, Dan Savery (1 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20120727-hunting-for-hummus-in-israel">"Hunting for hummus in Israel"</a>. BBC Travel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207113119/http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20120727-hunting-for-hummus-in-israel">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hunting+for+hummus+in+Israel&rft.pub=BBC+Travel&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.au=Raz%2C+Dan+Savery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Fstory%2F20120727-hunting-for-hummus-in-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-egypt-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-egypt_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-egypt_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatemanEl-Hamamsy2003" class="citation book cs1">Pateman, Robert; El-Hamamsy, Salwa (2003) [1993]. <i>Egypt</i>. Tarrytown, N.Y.: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-1670-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-1670-8"><bdi>978-0-7614-1670-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egypt&rft.place=Tarrytown%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Benchmark&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-1670-8&rft.aulast=Pateman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=El-Hamamsy%2C+Salwa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRombauerBeckerBecker2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Irma_S._Rombauer" title="Irma S. Rombauer">Rombauer, Irma S.</a>; Becker, Marion Rombauer; <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Becker" title="Ethan Becker">Becker, Ethan</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joyofcooking000romb/page/30"><i>All about Party Foods & Drinks</i></a>. New York: Scribner. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/joyofcooking000romb/page/30">30</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1679-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1679-1"><bdi>978-0-7432-1679-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+about+Party+Foods+%26+Drinks&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-1679-1&rft.aulast=Rombauer&rft.aufirst=Irma+S.&rft.au=Becker%2C+Marion+Rombauer&rft.au=Becker%2C+Ethan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjoyofcooking000romb%2Fpage%2F30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibrahim, Lailie, <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Middle_East_Understanding" title="Institute for Middle East Understanding">Institute for Middle East Understanding</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imeu.net/news/article00925.shtml">Hummus, a Palestinian staple</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201074430/http://imeu.net/news/article00925.shtml">Archived</a> 1 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, 31 March 2006. Retrieved 9 March 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVered2017" class="citation web cs1">Vered, Ronit (13 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/culture/2017-05-13/ty-article/why-are-israeli-jews-obsessed-with-hummus/0000017f-f0cf-d223-a97f-fddf59b80000">"Why Are Israeli Jews Obsessed With Hummus?"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Why+Are+Israeli+Jews+Obsessed+With+Hummus%3F&rft.date=2017-05-13&rft.aulast=Vered&rft.aufirst=Ronit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fculture%2F2017-05-13%2Fty-article%2Fwhy-are-israeli-jews-obsessed-with-hummus%2F0000017f-f0cf-d223-a97f-fddf59b80000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSSC-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MSSC_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Solomonov,_Steven_Cook" class="citation book cs1">Michael Solomonov, Steven Cook. Houghton Mifflin Harcour (ed.). <i>Zahav: A World of Israeli Cooking</i>. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zahav%3A+A+World+of+Israeli+Cooking&rft.pages=42&rft.au=Michael+Solomonov%2C+Steven+Cook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arto der Hartoiunian <i>Vegetarian Dishes from the Middle East</i>, London 1983, p.33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Magocsi-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Magocsi_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Robert_Magocsi1999" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robert_Magocsi" title="Paul Robert Magocsi">Paul Robert Magocsi</a> (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dbUuX0mnvQMC&q=falafel+history&pg=PA1244"><i>Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples</i></a>, University of Toronto Press, p. 1244, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-2938-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-2938-8"><bdi>0-8020-2938-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Canada%27s+Peoples&rft.pages=1244&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8020-2938-8&rft.au=Paul+Robert+Magocsi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdbUuX0mnvQMC%26q%3Dfalafel%2Bhistory%26pg%3DPA1244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DELAC-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DELAC_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.delac.eu/stories/42?back=%2C2%2C">"Traditional food of Cyprus"</a>. <i>delac.eu</i>. D.E.L.A.C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305140151/http://www.delac.eu/stories/42?back=,2,">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=delac.eu&rft.atitle=Traditional+food+of+Cyprus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.delac.eu%2Fstories%2F42%3Fback%3D%252C2%252C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LIC-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LIC_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/everythingtodoayianapa/cyprus-recipes">"Cyprus foods, traditional dishes and recipes"</a>. Life in Cyprus, a view from the inside. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208230708/https://sites.google.com/site/everythingtodoayianapa/cyprus-recipes">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cyprus+foods%2C+traditional+dishes+and+recipes&rft.pub=Life+in+Cyprus%2C+a+view+from+the+inside&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Feverythingtodoayianapa%2Fcyprus-recipes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sami Zubaida, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDk-AQAAIAAJ&q=%22ubiquitous+homus+be-tehine%22">"National, Communal and Global Dimensions in Middle Eastern Food Cultures"</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sami_Zubaida" title="Sami Zubaida">Sami Zubaida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tapper" title="Richard Tapper">Richard Tapper</a>, <i>A Taste of Thyme: Culinary Cultures of the Middle East</i>, London and New York, 1994 and 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-603-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-603-4">1-86064-603-4</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShulman2007" class="citation book cs1">Shulman, Martha Rose (30 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nX4mV6STWVoC&q=hummus+is+a+turkish+meze&pg=PA104"><i>Mediterranean Harvest: Vegetarian Recipes from the World's Healthiest Cuisine</i></a>. Rodale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781594862342" title="Special:BookSources/9781594862342"><bdi>9781594862342</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014234456/https://books.google.com/books?id=nX4mV6STWVoC&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=hummus+is+a+turkish+meze&source=bl&ots=Afvb2qGy5a&sig=EdDEIMinC1IgHhzeG2HZxEInlB4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH5fSErPDWAhUGfxoKHSfNAfM4FBDoAQg8MAM#v=onepage&q=hummus%20is%20a%20turkish%20meze&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mediterranean+Harvest%3A+Vegetarian+Recipes+from+the+World%27s+Healthiest+Cuisine&rft.pub=Rodale&rft.date=2007-10-30&rft.isbn=9781594862342&rft.aulast=Shulman&rft.aufirst=Martha+Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnX4mV6STWVoC%26q%3Dhummus%2Bis%2Ba%2Bturkish%2Bmeze%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFColonna2015" class="citation web cs1">Colonna, Jill (10 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.madaboutmacarons.com/a-taste-of-provence-with-chickpea-spread/">"Provençal Garlic Chickpea Spread (Poichichade)"</a>. <i>Mad about Macarons</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mad+about+Macarons&rft.atitle=Proven%C3%A7al+Garlic+Chickpea+Spread+%28Poichichade%29&rft.date=2015-07-10&rft.aulast=Colonna&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.madaboutmacarons.com%2Fa-taste-of-provence-with-chickpea-spread%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/food/sabra-is-finally-releasing-chocolate-hummus-just-in-time-for-valentines-day/">"Sabra Is Finally Releasing Chocolate Hummus Just in Time for Valentine's Day"</a>. <i>PEOPLE.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PEOPLE.com&rft.atitle=Sabra+Is+Finally+Releasing+Chocolate+Hummus+Just+in+Time+for+Valentine%27s+Day&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Ffood%2Fsabra-is-finally-releasing-chocolate-hummus-just-in-time-for-valentines-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/legumes-and-legume-products/4327/2">"Chickpeas (garbanzo beans, bengal gram), mature seeds, canned per 100 grams"</a>. Nutritiondata.com from Conde Nast; republished from the <a href="/wiki/USDA_National_Nutrient_Database" title="USDA National Nutrient Database">USDA National Nutrient Database</a>, version SR-21. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519011301/http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/legumes-and-legume-products/4327/2">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chickpeas+%28garbanzo+beans%2C+bengal+gram%29%2C+mature+seeds%2C+canned+per+100+grams&rft.pub=Nutritiondata.com+from+Conde+Nast%3B+republished+from+the+USDA+National+Nutrient+Database%2C+version+SR-21&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Flegumes-and-legume-products%2F4327%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-humcom-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-humcom_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/legumes-and-legume-products/4407/2">"Hummus, commercial per 100 grams"</a>. Nutritiondata.com from Conde Nast; republished from the <a href="/wiki/USDA_National_Nutrient_Database" title="USDA National Nutrient Database">USDA National Nutrient Database</a>, version SR-21. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160504224206/http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/legumes-and-legume-products/4407/2">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hummus%2C+commercial+per+100+grams&rft.pub=Nutritiondata.com+from+Conde+Nast%3B+republished+from+the+USDA+National+Nutrient+Database%2C+version+SR-21&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Flegumes-and-legume-products%2F4407%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-humhome-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-humhome_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160512120903/http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/legumes-and-legume-products/4403/2">"Hummus, homemade per 100 grams"</a>. Nutritiondata.com from Conde Nast; republished from the <a href="/wiki/USDA_National_Nutrient_Database" title="USDA National Nutrient Database">USDA National Nutrient Database</a>, version SR-21. 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/legumes-and-legume-products/4403/2">the original</a> on 12 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hummus%2C+homemade+per+100+grams&rft.pub=Nutritiondata.com+from+Conde+Nast%3B+republished+from+the+USDA+National+Nutrient+Database%2C+version+SR-21&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffacts%2Flegumes-and-legume-products%2F4403%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211107102014/https://groceries.aldi.co.uk/en-GB/p-the-deli-houmous-200g/4088600003429"><i>Aldi Website Houmous entry</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groceries.aldi.co.uk/en-GB/p-the-deli-houmous-200g/4088600003429">the original</a> on 7 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aldi+Website+Houmous+entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroceries.aldi.co.uk%2Fen-GB%2Fp-the-deli-houmous-200g%2F4088600003429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lidl.co.uk/p/chilled/meadow-fresh-houmous/p42171"><i>LIDL Website Houmous entry</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LIDL+Website+Houmous+entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lidl.co.uk%2Fp%2Fchilled%2Fmeadow-fresh-houmous%2Fp42171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groceries.https://www.sainsburys.co.uk/gol-ui/product/sainsburys-houmous-200g"><i>Sainsburys Website Houmous entry</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sainsburys+Website+Houmous+entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroceries.https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sainsburys.co.uk%2Fgol-ui%2Fproduct%2Fsainsburys-houmous-200g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tesco.com/groceries/en-GB/products/255412675"><i>Tesco Website Houmous entry</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tesco+Website+Houmous+entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tesco.com%2Fgroceries%2Fen-GB%2Fproducts%2F255412675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.waitrose.com/ecom/products/essential-houmous/048783-24278-24279"><i>Waitrose Website Houmous entry</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waitrose+Website+Houmous+entry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waitrose.com%2Fecom%2Fproducts%2Fessential-houmous%2F048783-24278-24279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalter2013" class="citation news cs1">Salter, Katy (7 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/shortcuts/2013/aug/07/british-love-affair-with-hummus">"The British love affair with hummus"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+British+love+affair+with+hummus&rft.date=2013-08-07&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Salter&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2Fshortcuts%2F2013%2Faug%2F07%2Fbritish-love-affair-with-hummus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fox-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fox_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fox_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/food-drink/theres-hummus-among-us">There’s Hummus Among Us</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110901015410/http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2010/04/05/theres-hummus/">Archived</a> 1 September 2011 at Wikiwix By Elena Ferretti, Fox News, April 5, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-justin-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-justin_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-justin_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-justin_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJustin_R._Silverman2016" class="citation web cs1">Justin R. Silverman (20 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.today.com/food/hummus-quest-conquer-america-one-mouth-time-t87156">"Hummus's quest to conquer America, one mouth at a time"</a>. Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107010438/https://www.today.com/food/hummus-quest-conquer-america-one-mouth-time-t87156">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hummus%27s+quest+to+conquer+America%2C+one+mouth+at+a+time&rft.pub=Today&rft.date=2016-04-20&rft.au=Justin+R.+Silverman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Ffood%2Fhummus-quest-conquer-america-one-mouth-time-t87156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scott-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scott_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScott_Goodson2015" class="citation news cs1">Scott Goodson (5 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/scott-goodson/the-surprising-rise-of-hu_b_7520674.html">"The Surprising Rise of Hummus in America"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929055853/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/scott-goodson/the-surprising-rise-of-hu_b_7520674.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Surprising+Rise+of+Hummus+in+America&rft.date=2015-06-05&rft.au=Scott+Goodson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fscott-goodson%2Fthe-surprising-rise-of-hu_b_7520674.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-watson-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-watson_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElaine_Watson2016" class="citation web cs1">Elaine Watson (29 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Article/2016/09/29/Sabra-could-be-our-next-1bn-brand-says-PepsiCo">"Sabra 'well on its way' to becoming our next $1bn brand, says PepsiCo"</a>. Foodnavigator-USA.com, William Reed Business Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180427211035/https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Article/2016/09/29/Sabra-could-be-our-next-1bn-brand-says-PepsiCo">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sabra+%27well+on+its+way%27+to+becoming+our+next+%241bn+brand%2C+says+PepsiCo&rft.pub=Foodnavigator-USA.com%2C+William+Reed+Business+Media&rft.date=2016-09-29&rft.au=Elaine+Watson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodnavigator-usa.com%2FArticle%2F2016%2F09%2F29%2FSabra-could-be-our-next-1bn-brand-says-PepsiCo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHainer2013" class="citation web cs1">Hainer, Michelle (May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.today.com/food/hummus-so-popular-tobacco-farmers-switch-chickpeas-6C9692848">"Hummus is so popular, tobacco farmers switch to chickpeas"</a>. <i>today.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174233/https://www.today.com/food/hummus-so-popular-tobacco-farmers-switch-chickpeas-6C9692848">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=today.com&rft.atitle=Hummus+is+so+popular%2C+tobacco+farmers+switch+to+chickpeas&rft.date=2013-05&rft.aulast=Hainer&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Ffood%2Fhummus-so-popular-tobacco-farmers-switch-chickpeas-6C9692848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ariel-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ariel_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ariel_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ariel_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ari Ariel, "The Hummus Wars", <i>Gastronomica</i> <b>12</b>:1:34–42 (Spring 2012) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2FGFC.2012.12.1.34">10.1525/GFC.2012.12.1.34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitnick_2007-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mitnick_2007_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMitnick2007" class="citation news cs1">Mitnick, Joshua (25 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0725/p07s02-wome.html">"Hummus brings Israelis, Palestinians to the table"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729">0882-7729</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Springer (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/671412/2/Teughels_Nelleke_2021_Review_Food_National_Identity_RepoFile.doc">"Food, National Identity and Nationalism: From Everyday to Global Politics"</a>. <i>National Identities</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 123. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NatId..24...74T">2022NatId..24...74T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14608944.2020.1864123">10.1080/14608944.2020.1864123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Identities&rft.atitle=Food%2C+National+Identity+and+Nationalism%3A+From+Everyday+to+Global+Politics&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=123&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14608944.2020.1864123&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022NatId..24...74T&rft.au=Atsuko+Ichijo%2C+Ronald+Ranta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flirias.kuleuven.be%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F671412%2F2%2FTeughels_Nelleke_2021_Review_Food_National_Identity_RepoFile.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hirsch D, Tene O. Hummus: The making of an Israeli culinary cult. Journal of Consumer Culture. 2013;13(1):25-45. doi:10.1177/1469540512474529</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHIRSCH2011" class="citation journal cs1">HIRSCH, DAFNA (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1548-1425.2011.01326.x">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Hummus is best when it is fresh and made by Arabs": The gourmetization of hummus in Israel and the return of the repressed Arab"</a>. <i>American Ethnologist</i>. <b>38</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">617–</span>630. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1548-1425.2011.01326.x">10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01326.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0094-0496">0094-0496</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41410422">41410422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Ethnologist&rft.atitle=%22Hummus+is+best+when+it+is+fresh+and+made+by+Arabs%22%3A+The+gourmetization+of+hummus+in+Israel+and+the+return+of+the+repressed+Arab&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E617-%3C%2Fspan%3E630&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=0094-0496&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41410422%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1548-1425.2011.01326.x&rft.aulast=HIRSCH&rft.aufirst=DAFNA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1548-1425.2011.01326.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIshita_Banerjee-Dube" class="citation book cs1">Ishita Banerjee-Dube. Cambridge University Press (ed.). <i>Cooking Cultures</i>. p. 51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cooking+Cultures&rft.pages=51&rft.au=Ishita+Banerjee-Dube&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYotam_Ottolenghi2010" class="citation news cs1">Yotam Ottolenghi (29 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2010/jun/29/perfect-hummus-debate">"The perfect hummus debate"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226132545/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2010/jun/29/perfect-hummus-debate">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+perfect+hummus+debate&rft.date=2010-06-29&rft.au=Yotam+Ottolenghi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2Fwordofmouth%2F2010%2Fjun%2F29%2Fperfect-hummus-debate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marks_2010-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marks_2010_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarks2010" class="citation book cs1">Marks, Gil (17 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gFK_yx7Ps7cC&pg=PT845"><i>Encyclopedia of Jewish Food</i></a>. HMH. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780544186316" title="Special:BookSources/9780544186316"><bdi>9780544186316</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Jewish+Food&rft.pub=HMH&rft.date=2010-11-17&rft.isbn=9780544186316&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgFK_yx7Ps7cC%26pg%3DPT845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Zeina_Karam" title="Zeina Karam">Karam, Zeina</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-10-07-lebanon-israel_N.htm">Hummus war looms between Lebanon and Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715063153/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-10-07-lebanon-israel_N.htm">Archived</a> 15 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>, 7 October 2008. Retrieved 10 December 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWheeler2008" class="citation web cs1">Wheeler, Carolynne (11 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/3178040/Hummus-food-fight-between-Lebanon-and-Israel.html">"Hummus food fight between Lebanon and Israel"</a>. <i>telegraph.co.uk</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180218042219/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/3178040/Hummus-food-fight-between-Lebanon-and-Israel.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Hummus+food+fight+between+Lebanon+and+Israel&rft.date=2008-10-11&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Carolynne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F3178040%2FHummus-food-fight-between-Lebanon-and-Israel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120220004/http://www.thetimes.co.za/PrintEdition/Lifestyle/Article.aspx?id=877641">"Whose hummus is it anyway?"</a>, <i>The Times of South Africa</i>, 9 November 2008, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetimes.co.za/PrintEdition/Lifestyle/Article.aspx?id=877641">the original</a> on 20 November 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+South+Africa&rft.atitle=Whose+hummus+is+it+anyway%3F&rft.date=2008-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.za%2FPrintEdition%2FLifestyle%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D877641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Score-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Score_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/lebanese-to-israel-hands-off-our-hummus-1.5516">"Lebanese to Israel: Hands Off Our Hummus!"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Lebanese+to+Israel%3A+Hands+Off+Our+Hummus%21&rft.date=2009-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Flebanese-to-israel-hands-off-our-hummus-1.5516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnderman2007" class="citation news cs1">Anderman, Nirit (26 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/1.4807975">"Musical Comedy on West Bank Wins Oscar for Best Live Action Short Film"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Musical+Comedy+on+West+Bank+Wins+Oscar+for+Best+Live+Action+Short+Film&rft.date=2007-02-26&rft.aulast=Anderman&rft.aufirst=Nirit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F1.4807975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRutledge2015" class="citation news cs1">Rutledge, David (11 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/earshot/make-hummus-not-war/6303316">"Make hummus not war"</a>. ABC Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151124184251/http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/earshot/make-hummus-not-war/6303316">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Make+hummus+not+war&rft.date=2015-03-11&rft.aulast=Rutledge&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fradionational%2Fprograms%2Fearshot%2Fmake-hummus-not-war%2F6303316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Israel takes Hummus World Record", <i>Haaretz</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/1.5083489">January 8, 2010</a>; see also <a href="/wiki/Jawdat_Ibrahim" title="Jawdat Ibrahim">Jawdat Ibrahim</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-big_one-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-big_one_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/05/09/lebanon.hummus/index.html">"Lebanon claims latest title in 'Hummus War'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 9 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180422211325/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/05/09/lebanon.hummus/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Lebanon+claims+latest+title+in+%27Hummus+War%27&rft.date=2010-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2010%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F05%2F09%2Flebanon.hummus%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/lebanon/lebanon-breaks-israel-s-hummus-world-record-1.624416">"Lebanon breaks Israel's hummus world record"</a>. <i>Gulf News, GN Media</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170407055401/http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/lebanon/lebanon-breaks-israel-s-hummus-world-record-1.624416">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+News%2C+GN+Media&rft.atitle=Lebanon+breaks+Israel%27s+hummus+world+record&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmena%2Flebanon%2Flebanon-breaks-israel-s-hummus-world-record-1.624416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3830318,00.html">"Abu Gosh mashes up world's largest hummus"</a>. <i>YNet</i>. AFP. 8 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100114102819/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3830318,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=YNet&rft.atitle=Abu+Gosh+mashes+up+world%27s+largest+hummus&rft.date=2010-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3830318%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Israel+beyond+politics/Abu_Ghosh_secures_Guinness_record_hummus_11-Jan-2010.htm">"Abu Ghosh secures Guinness world record for largest dish of hummus"</a>. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 11 January 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110306173820/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Israel+beyond+politics/Abu_Ghosh_secures_Guinness_record_hummus_11-Jan-2010.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abu+Ghosh+secures+Guinness+world+record+for+largest+dish+of+hummus&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2010-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FIsrael%2Bbeyond%2Bpolitics%2FAbu_Ghosh_secures_Guinness_record_hummus_11-Jan-2010.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJack_Brockbank2010" class="citation web cs1">Jack Brockbank (12 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100405100437/http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_The-largest-serving-of-hummus/BLOG/1713298/7691.html">"The largest serving of hummus"</a>. Guinness World Records. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_The-largest-serving-of-hummus/BLOG/1713298/7691.html">the original</a> on 5 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+largest+serving+of+hummus&rft.pub=Guinness+World+Records&rft.date=2010-01-12&rft.au=Jack+Brockbank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommunity.guinnessworldrecords.com%2F_The-largest-serving-of-hummus%2FBLOG%2F1713298%2F7691.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAfzal-KhanSeshadri-Crooks2000" class="citation cs2">Afzal-Khan, Fawzia; Seshadri-Crooks, Kalpana (2000), Fawzia Afzal-Khan; Kalpana Seshadri-Crooks (eds.), <i>The Pre-occupation of Postcolonial Studies</i>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780822325215" title="Special:BookSources/9780822325215"><bdi>9780822325215</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pre-occupation+of+Postcolonial+Studies&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780822325215&rft.aulast=Afzal-Khan&rft.aufirst=Fawzia&rft.au=Seshadri-Crooks%2C+Kalpana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmsterSheraton2003" class="citation cs2">Amster, Linda; Sheraton, Mimi (2003), Linda Amster (ed.), <i>The New York Times Jewish Cookbook: More Than 825 Traditional and Contemporary Recipes from Around the World</i>, St. Martin's Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312290931" title="Special:BookSources/9780312290931"><bdi>9780312290931</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times+Jewish+Cookbook%3A+More+Than+825+Traditional+and+Contemporary+Recipes+from+Around+the+World&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780312290931&rft.aulast=Amster&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=Sheraton%2C+Mimi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBricklin1994" class="citation cs2">Bricklin, Mark (1994), <i>Prevention Magazine's Nutrition Advisor: The Ultimate Guide to the Health-Boosting and Health-Harming Factors in Your Diet</i>, Rodale, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780875962252" title="Special:BookSources/9780875962252"><bdi>9780875962252</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prevention+Magazine%27s+Nutrition+Advisor%3A+The+Ultimate+Guide+to+the+Health-Boosting+and+Health-Harming+Factors+in+Your+Diet&rft.pub=Rodale&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780875962252&rft.aulast=Bricklin&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDon_Brothwell_and_Patricia_Brothwell1998" class="citation cs2">Don Brothwell and Patricia Brothwell (1998), <i>Food in Antiquity: A survey of the Diet of Early Peoples, Expanded Edition</i>, Johns Hopkins University, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-5740-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-5740-6"><bdi>0-8018-5740-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+in+Antiquity%3A+A+survey+of+the+Diet+of+Early+Peoples%2C+Expanded+Edition&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8018-5740-6&rft.au=Don+Brothwell+and+Patricia+Brothwell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarks2010" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Marks" title="Gil Marks">Marks, Gil</a> (2010), <i>Encyclopedia of Jewish Food</i>, John Wiley and Sons, pp. <span class="nowrap">269–</span>271</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Jewish+Food&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E269-%3C%2Fspan%3E271&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Gil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodinsonPerryA._J._Arberry1998" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Rodinson" title="Maxime Rodinson">Rodinson, Maxime</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Perry_(food_writer)" title="Charles Perry (food writer)">Perry, Charles</a>; A. J. Arberry (1998), <i>Medieval Arab Cookery</i>, Prospect Books (UK), <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0907325918" title="Special:BookSources/978-0907325918"><bdi>978-0907325918</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Arab+Cookery&rft.pub=Prospect+Books+%28UK%29&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0907325918&rft.aulast=Rodinson&rft.aufirst=Maxime&rft.au=Perry%2C+Charles&rft.au=A.+J.+Arberry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHabeeb_SalloumJames_Peters1996" class="citation cs2">Habeeb Salloum; James Peters (1996), <i>From the Lands of Figs and Olives: Over 300 Delicious and Unusual Recipes</i>, I.B.Tauris, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-038-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-86064-038-9"><bdi>1-86064-038-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Lands+of+Figs+and+Olives%3A+Over+300+Delicious+and+Unusual+Recipes&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-86064-038-9&rft.au=Habeeb+Salloum&rft.au=James+Peters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTannahill1973" class="citation cs2">Tannahill, Reay (1973), <i>Food in History</i>, Stein and Day, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-57186-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-57186-2"><bdi>0-517-57186-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+in+History&rft.pub=Stein+and+Day&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-517-57186-2&rft.aulast=Tannahill&rft.aufirst=Reay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWesleyWesley2012" class="citation cs2">Wesley D, Wesley E (2012), University of California Press (ed.), <i>Beyond Hummus and Falafel: Social and Political Aspects of Palestinian Food in Israel</i>, University of California Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520262324" title="Special:BookSources/9780520262324"><bdi>9780520262324</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Hummus+and+Falafel%3A+Social+and+Political+Aspects+of+Palestinian+Food+in+Israel&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780520262324&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Wesley%2C+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHummus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hummus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hummus">Hummus</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hummus" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hummus">hummus</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Anny Gaul, "Translating Hummus", <i>Cooking with Gaul</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cookingwithgaul.com/2019/10/21/translating-hummus/">October 21, 2019</a>. On hummus variants and authenticity.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Legume_dishes" title="Template:Legume dishes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Legume_dishes" title="Template talk:Legume dishes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Legume_dishes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Legume dishes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Legume_dishes163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_legume_dishes" title="List of legume dishes">Legume dishes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15_Bean_Soup" title="15 Bean Soup">15 Bean Soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acaraj%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Acarajé">Acarajé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanatt%C5%8D" title="Amanattō">Amanattō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arroz_con_gandules" title="Arroz con gandules">Arroz con gandules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_beans" title="Baked beans">Baked beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandeja_paisa" title="Bandeja paisa">Bandeja paisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bap_(rice_dish)" title="Bap (rice dish)">Bap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_dip" title="Bean dip">Bean dip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_pie" title="Bean pie">Bean pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_salad" title="Bean salad">Bean salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigilla" title="Bigilla">Bigilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_peas" title="Black peas">Black peas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_chorba" title="Bob chorba">Bob chorba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiled_peanuts" title="Boiled peanuts">Boiled peanuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borracho_beans" title="Borracho beans">Borracho beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouneschlupp" title="Bouneschlupp">Bouneschlupp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_tofu" title="Burmese tofu">Burmese tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caparrones" title="Caparrones">Caparrones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capra_e_fagioli" title="Capra e fagioli">Capra e fagioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassoulet" title="Cassoulet">Cassoulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chana_masala" title="Chana masala">Chana masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapea" title="Chapea">Chapea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocido_lebaniego" title="Cocido lebaniego">Cocido lebaniego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocido_madrile%C3%B1o" title="Cocido madrileño">Cocido madrileño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocido_monta%C3%B1%C3%A9s" title="Cocido montañés">Cocido montañés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_beans" title="Cowboy beans">Cowboy beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">Dal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal_bati_churma" title="Dal bati churma">Dal bati churma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dal_bhat" title="Dal bhat">Dal bhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalcha" title="Dalcha">Dalcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-fried_peanuts" title="Deep-fried peanuts">Deep-fried peanuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhokla" title="Dhokla">Dhokla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilly_beans" title="Dilly beans">Dilly beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubles_(food)" title="Doubles (food)">Doubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douzhi" title="Douzhi">Douzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabada_asturiana" title="Fabada asturiana">Fabada asturiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabes_con_almejas" title="Fabes con almejas">Fabes con almejas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasolada" title="Fasolada">Fasolada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasole_cu_c%C3%A2rna%C8%9Bi" title="Fasole cu cârnați">Fasole cu cârnați</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feijoada" title="Feijoada">Feijoada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frijoles_negros" title="Frijoles negros">Frijoles negros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frijoles_charros" title="Frijoles charros">Frijoles charros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo_pinto" title="Gallo pinto">Gallo pinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Garnaches">Garnaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigandes_plaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigandes plaki">Gigandes plaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_bean_casserole" title="Green bean casserole">Green bean casserole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_Bean_Jar" class="mw-redirect" title="Guernsey Bean Jar">Guernsey Bean Jar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_dou_tang" title="Hong dou tang">Hong dou tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoppin%27_John" title="Hoppin' John">Hoppin' John</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli" title="Idli">Idli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidou_liangfen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jidou liangfen">Jidou liangfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongbap" title="Kongbap">Kongbap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuli-kuli" title="Kuli-kuli">Kuli-kuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lablabi" title="Lablabi">Lablabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangfen" title="Liangfen">Liangfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linsen_mit_Sp%C3%A4tzle" title="Linsen mit Spätzle">Linsen mit Spätzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrowfat_peas" title="Marrowfat peas">Marrowfat peas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matev%C5%BE" title="Matevž">Matevž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobio" title="Lobio">Lobio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molagoottal" title="Molagoottal">Molagoottal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moros_y_Cristianos_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moros y Cristianos (food)">Moros y Cristianos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Msabbaha" title="Msabbaha">Msabbaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujaddara" title="Mujaddara">Mujaddara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murukku" title="Murukku">Murukku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushy_peas" title="Mushy peas">Mushy peas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokdumuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokdumuk">Nokdumuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabell%C3%B3n_criollo" title="Pabellón criollo">Pabellón criollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paella" title="Paella">Paella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Panelle">Panelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paripu" class="mw-redirect" title="Paripu">Paripu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasta_e_fagioli" title="Pasta e fagioli">Pasta e fagioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastizz" title="Pastizz">Pastizz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasulj" title="Pasulj">Pasulj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patbap" class="mw-redirect" title="Patbap">Patbap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patjuk" title="Patjuk">Patjuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea_soup" title="Pea soup">Pea soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabutter" title="Peabutter">Peabutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pease_pudding" title="Pease pudding">Pease pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_and_peas" title="Pie and peas">Pie and peas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pie_floater" title="Pie floater">Pie floater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhemma" title="Pokhemma">Pokhemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_and_beans" title="Pork and beans">Pork and beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porotos_con_rienda" class="mw-redirect" title="Porotos con rienda">Porotos con rienda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purtumute" title="Purtumute">Purtumute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajma" title="Rajma">Rajma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_bean_cake" title="Red bean cake">Red bean cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_bean_paste" title="Red bean paste">Red bean paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_beans_and_rice" title="Red beans and rice">Red beans and rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refried_beans" title="Refried beans">Refried beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revalenta_arabica" title="Revalenta arabica">Revalenta arabica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_and_beans" title="Rice and beans">Rice and beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_and_peas" title="Rice and peas">Rice and peas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahan_ful" title="Shahan ful">Shahan ful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiro_(food)" title="Shiro (food)">Shiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiruko" title="Shiruko">Shiruko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_beans" title="Soup beans">Soup beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stew_peas" title="Stew peas">Stew peas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">Succotash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_caviar" title="Texas caviar">Texas caviar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav%C4%8De_grav%C4%8De" title="Tavče gravče">Tavče gravče</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umngqusho" title="Umngqusho">Umngqusho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yun_dou_juan" title="Yun dou juan">Yun dou juan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bean_soups" title="List of bean soups">List of bean soups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tofu_dishes" title="List of tofu dishes">List of tofu dishes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Legume_dishes" title="Category:Legume dishes">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lebanese_cuisine136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lebanese_cuisine" title="Template:Lebanese cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lebanese_cuisine" title="Template talk:Lebanese cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lebanese_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lebanese cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lebanese_cuisine136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_cuisine" title="Lebanese cuisine">Lebanese cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Non-alcoholic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jallab" title="Jallab">Jallab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_coffee" title="Arabic coffee">Arabic coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_coffee" title="White coffee">White coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1rra" title="Mırra">Mur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekmez" title="Pekmez">Dibs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Sahlab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Sharbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish tea">Turkish tea</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fermented <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Lebanon" title="Beer in Lebanon">Beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almaza_Beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaza Beer">Almaza Beer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Distilled <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(liqueur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arak (liqueur)">Arak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_wine" title="Lebanese wine">Wines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ksara" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksara">Ksara</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27ak" title="Ka'ak">Ka'ak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattama" class="mw-redirect" title="Kattama">Katma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manakish" title="Manakish">Manakish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatayer" title="Fatayer">Fatayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor_bread" title="Tandoor bread">Khubz tannoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markook_(bread)" title="Markook (bread)">Markook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">Meze</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_salad" title="Arab salad">Arab salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batata_harra" title="Batata harra">Batata harra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasswort_salad" title="Glasswort salad">Glasswort salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hommus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarma_(food)" title="Sarma (food)">Sarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">Tabbouleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Labneh">Labneh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkawi" title="Akkawi">Akkawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braided_cheese" title="Braided cheese">Braided cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashkaval" title="Kashkaval">Kashkawan cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Hallum cheese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chorba" title="Chorba">Chorba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep%27s_sorrel_soup" title="Sheep's sorrel soup">Sheep's sorrel soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_soup" title="Lentil soup">Lentil soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleem" title="Haleem">Haleem soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripe_soup" title="Tripe soup">Tripe soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogurt soup">Yogurt soup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_quinces" title="Stuffed quinces">Stuffed quinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rek" title="Börek">Börek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_tomatoes" title="Stuffed tomatoes">Stuffed tomatoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_meatballs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry meatballs">Dry meatballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasolada" title="Fasolada">Fasouliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">Musaqa‘a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_eggplants" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed eggplants">Stuffed eggplants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_eggplant" title="Fried eggplant">Fried eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilaf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grilled meats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_k%C3%B6fte" class="mw-redirect" title="Şiş köfte">Shish kofte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_dessert" title="Phoenicia dessert">Phoenicia dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_stuffed_figs" title="Walnut stuffed figs">Walnut stuffed figs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalburabast%C4%B1" title="Kalburabastı">Hurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_roll" title="Fig roll">Fig roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Qurabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanafeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanafeh">Kanafeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macun" title="Macun">Majun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marron_glac%C3%A9" title="Marron glacé">Marron glacé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhallebi" title="Muhallebi">Muhallebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quince_dessert" class="mw-redirect" title="Quince dessert">Quince dessert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">Moghli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_kurabiye" title="Flour kurabiye">Flour kurabiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Rahat al-halqum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequent ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Vegetables <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">Eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">Leek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">Spinach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></li></ul></li> <li>Herbs & spices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_apricot" title="Dried apricot">Dried apricot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppermint" title="Peppermint">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(food)" title="Nut (food)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unique instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cezve" title="Cezve">Raʾwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_(cookware)" title="Kazan (cookware)">Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_(barbecue)" title="Mangal (barbecue)">Manqal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cuisine" title="Armenian cuisine">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_cuisine" title="Cypriot cuisine">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1266661725" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Egyptian_cuisine119" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Template:Egyptian cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Template talk:Egyptian cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Egyptian cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Egyptian_cuisine119" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine">Egyptian cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-alcoholic beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Qamar_al-Din" title="Qamar al-Din">Amar eddin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane_juice" title="Sugarcane juice">Aseer asab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Black_tea" title="Black tea">Black tea</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine#Tea" title="Egyptian cuisine">Kushari</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cuisine#Tea" title="Egyptian cuisine">Sa‘idi</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Erq_sous" title="Erq sous">Erq sous</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karkadeh" title="Karkadeh">Karkadeh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kharob" title="Kharob">Kharob</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Laban_rayeb" title="Laban rayeb">Laban rayeb</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Sahlab</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Sharbat</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sobia_(drink)" title="Sobia (drink)">Sobia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamr_hindi" title="Tamr hindi">Tamr hindi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcoholic beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Egypt" title="Beer in Egypt">Beer in Egypt</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouza_(beer)" title="Bouza (beer)">Bouza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_(beer)" title="Stella (beer)">Stella</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_wine" title="Egyptian wine">Egyptian wine</a></b> (main article)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/32px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/48px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/64px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Egypt" title="Portal:Egypt">Egypt portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bataw_(bread)" title="Bataw (bread)">Bataw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_baladi" title="Eish baladi">Eish baladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_fino" title="Eish fino">Eish fino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_merahrah" title="Eish merahrah">Eish merahrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eish_shamsi" title="Eish shamsi">Eish shamsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feteer_meshaltet" title="Feteer meshaltet">Feteer meshaltet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Starters<br /> and salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_eggplant#In_Egypt" title="Stuffed eggplant">Bedengan mekhalel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salata_baladi" title="Salata baladi">Salata baladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini#Egypt" title="Tahini">Tehina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torshi" title="Torshi">Torshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cheese" title="Egyptian cheese">Egyptian cheese</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areesh_cheese" title="Areesh cheese">Areesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cheese#Cheese_varieties" title="Egyptian cheese">Baramili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domiati_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Domiati cheese">Domiati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_cheese#Cheese_varieties" title="Egyptian cheese">Istanboli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mish" title="Mish">Mish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_cheese" title="Rumi cheese">Rumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ful_nabet" title="Ful nabet">Ful nabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaware%E2%80%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaware‘">Kaware‘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_soup" title="Lentil soup">Shorbet ‘‍‍ads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_soup" title="Vegetable soup">Shorbet khodar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamia#Egypt" title="Bamia">Bamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Besarah">Besarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggah" title="Eggah">Eggah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatteh" title="Fatteh">Fatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fesikh" title="Fesikh">Fesikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatayer" title="Fatayer">Fatayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feteer" title="Feteer">Feteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollash" title="Gollash">Gollash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_mahshi" title="Hamam mahshi">Hamam mahshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawawshi" title="Hawawshi">Hawawshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab#Egypt" title="Kebab">Kabab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamounia" title="Kamounia">Kamounia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kersha" title="Kersha">Kersha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashk#Egypt" title="Kashk">Keshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koftet_el_hati" title="Koftet el hati">Koftet el hati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koftet_rozz" title="Koftet rozz">Koftet rozz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushari">Kushari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarona_bil-bechamel" title="Macarona bil-bechamel">Macarona bil-bechamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazalika" title="Mazalika">Mazalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Mahshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_eggplant#In_Egypt" title="Stuffed eggplant">Mahshi bedengan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_peppers#Egypt" title="Stuffed peppers">Mahshi felfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_squash#Egypt" title="Stuffed squash">Mahshi kosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabbage_roll#Egypt" title="Cabbage roll">Mahshi kromb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarma_(food)#Egypt" title="Sarma (food)">Mahshi waraq enab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesaqa%E2%80%98ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesaqa‘ah">Mesaqa‘ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulukhiyah" title="Mulukhiyah">Molokhiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombar" title="Mombar">Mombar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozz_me%E2%80%98ammar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rozz me‘ammar">Rozz me‘ammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabanekh" title="Sabanekh">Sabanekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayadiya" title="Sayadiya">Sayadiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Ta‘meya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torly" title="Torly">Torly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qolqas" title="Qolqas">Qolqas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatayef" title="Qatayef">Atayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baqlawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous#Egypt" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aish_as-Saraya" title="Aish as-Saraya">Eish essaraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhfakhina" title="Fakhfakhina">Fakhfakhina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoriba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghoriba">Ghorayiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahk" title="Kahk">Kahk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanafeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanafeh">Kunafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokma" title="Lokma">Luqmet el qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhallebi" title="Muhallebi">Mehalabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag%C3%A9e" title="Dragée">Melabbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Malban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Ali" title="Om Ali">Om Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatayef" title="Qatayef">Qatayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">Rozz belaban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke">Artichoke</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Bean</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">Eggplant</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">Spinach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Herbs & spices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Aniseed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaves</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Mint</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Cloves</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_cuisine" title="Ancient Egyptian cuisine">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghreb cuisine">North African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israeli_cuisine274" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuisine_of_Israel" title="Template:Cuisine of Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisine_of_Israel" title="Template talk:Cuisine of Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine_of_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine of Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israeli_cuisine274" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_dishes" title="List of Israeli dishes">List of dishes</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jewish_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jewish cuisine">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babka" title="Babka">Babka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jachnun" title="Jachnun">Jachnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krantz_cake" title="Krantz cake">Krantz cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubaneh" title="Kubaneh">Kubaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahoh" title="Lahoh">Lahoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laffa" title="Laffa">Laffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawach" title="Malawach">Malawach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_bread" title="Rye bread">Rye bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel">Bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_petri" title="Pain petri">Pain petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpernickel_bread" class="mw-redirect" title="Pumpernickel bread">Pumpernickel bread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_salad" title="Israeli salad">Israeli salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_carrot_salad" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan carrot salad">Moroccan carrots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleslaw" title="Coleslaw">Red cabbage salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87oban_salatas%C4%B1" title="Çoban salatası">Turkish salad</a></li> <li>Watermelon and feta salad</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dips and condiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubbeh">Fried Kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(condiment)" title="Amba (condiment)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas" title="Bourekas">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_cauliflower" title="Fried cauliflower">Fried cauliflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ful_medames" title="Ful medames">Ful medames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahawiq" title="Sahawiq">Harif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikra">Ikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh_nayyeh" title="Kibbeh nayyeh">Kibbeh nayyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbukha" class="mw-redirect" title="Matbukha">Matboucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatbila" title="Tatbila">Tatbila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoug" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhoug">Zhoug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sandwiches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a> sandwich</li> <li>Tehina and silan sandwich</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boureka" class="mw-redirect" title="Boureka">Boureka</a> sandwich</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_salad" title="Tuna salad">Tuna salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_salad_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuna salad sandwich">Tuna salad sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chraime" title="Chraime">Chraime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchovies_as_food" title="Anchovies as food">Gavroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunafish" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunafish">Tunafish</a></li> <li>Barbuniya</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avgolemono" title="Avgolemono">Avgolemono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_soup" title="Chicken soup">Chicken soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamin">Chamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubbe">Kubbe</a></li> <li>Yemenite chicken soup</li> <li>Yemenite beef soup</li> <li>Yemenite bean soup</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasolada" title="Fasolada">Maraq Shu'it lebana</a></li> <li>Maraq Shu'it yerooqa</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnitzel#Israel" title="Schnitzel">Chicken or Turkey schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Shish kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Shish taouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_mixed_grill" title="Jerusalem mixed grill">Jerusalem mixed grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofrito_(stew)" title="Sofrito (stew)">Sofrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_peppers" title="Stuffed peppers">Stuffed peppers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fried foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atayef" class="mw-redirect" title="Atayef">Atayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_latke" title="Cheese latke">Cheese latke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cigarim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cigarim (page does not exist)">Cigarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_schnitzel" title="Corn schnitzel">Corn schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">Fried chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_eggplant" title="Fried eggplant">Fried eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_schnitzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli schnitzel">Israeli schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes_de_prasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes de prasa">Keftes de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latkes" class="mw-redirect" title="Latkes">Latkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Zalabia">Zalabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pasta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilopites" title="Hilopites">Hilopites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokshen" title="Lokshen">Itriyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugel" title="Kugel">Kugel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lokshen_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokshen kugel">Lokshen kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerushalmi_Kugel" title="Yerushalmi Kugel">Yerushalmi Kugel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptitim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptitim">Ptitim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grains and side dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farro" title="Farro">Farro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freekeh" title="Freekeh">Freekeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke" title="Latke">Levivah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orez_Shu%27it" title="Orez Shu'it">Orez Shu'it</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_pilaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice pilaf">Rice pilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorched_rice" title="Scorched rice">Scorched rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujadara" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujadara">Mujadara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadji_bada" title="Hadji bada">Hadji bada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva_ice_cream" class="mw-redirect" title="Halva ice cream">Halva ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvshaniot" title="Duvshaniot">Duvshaniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufganiyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufganiyot">Sufganiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamantashen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamantashen">Hamantashen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabi">Malabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marunchinos" title="Marunchinos">Marunchinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_cookie" title="Tahini cookie">Tahini cookie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli beer">Israeli beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_wine" title="Israeli wine">Israeli wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubi_60" title="Tubi 60">Tubi 60</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mint_lemonade" title="Mint lemonade">Mint lemonade</a></li> <li>Rimonana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahlab" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahlab">Sahlab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Kafe shahor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits and vegetables</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artichoke" title="Artichoke">Artichoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beet" class="mw-redirect" title="Beet">Beet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_tomato" title="Cherry tomato">Cherry tomato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">Cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">Cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">Eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">Potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radish" title="Radish">Radish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_cabbage" title="Red cabbage">Red cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_onion" title="Red onion">Red onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opuntia_ficus-indica" title="Opuntia ficus-indica">Sabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">Spinach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_blossom" title="Squash blossom">Squash blossom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_pepper" title="Aleppo pepper">Aleppo pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">Honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">Tahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silan" class="mw-redirect" title="Silan">Silan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Date (fruit)">Dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbanzo_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Garbanzo beans">Garbanzo beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowpea" title="Cowpea">Cowpea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Common bean">Common bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac_(spice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumac (spice)">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">Raisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachlav" class="mw-redirect" title="Sachlav">Sachlav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semolina" title="Semolina">Semolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilantro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilantro">Cilantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame seeds">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sirene" title="Sirene">Bulgarit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_cheese" title="Cottage cheese">Cottage cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_cheese" title="Cream cheese">Cream cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzfatit" title="Tzfatit">Tzfatit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gvina_levana" title="Gvina levana">Gvina levana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_feta" title="Israeli feta">Feta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Halloumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Labneh">Labneh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israeli restaurants domestically and abroad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_Israel" title="List of restaurants in Israel">List of restaurants in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Jerusalem" title="Cuisine of Jerusalem">Cuisine of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavel_(restaurant)" title="Bavel (restaurant)">Bavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AFm" title="Taïm">Taïm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahav" title="Zahav">Zahav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkish_cuisine367" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkish_cuisine" title="Template:Turkish cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkish_cuisine" title="Template talk:Turkish cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkish_cuisine367" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Non-alcoholic beverages</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/M%C4%B1rra" title="Mırra">Mırra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pekmez" title="Pekmez">Pekmez</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rize_tea" title="Rize tea">Rize tea</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Salep</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ealgam" class="mw-redirect" title="Şalgam">Şalgam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sharbat_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharbat (beverage)">Şerbet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1ra" title="Şıra">Şıra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turkish_coffee" title="Turkish coffee">Turkish coffee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tea_in_Turkey" title="Tea in Turkey">Turkish tea</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Fermented_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermented beverage">Fermented beverages</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hardaliye" title="Hardaliye">Hardaliye</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">Kefir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yay%C4%B1k_ayran%C4%B1" title="Yayık ayranı">Yayık ayranı</a></dd> <dt>Beers</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Turkey" title="Beer in Turkey">Beer in Turkey</a></b> (main article)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Efes_Beverage_Group" title="Efes Beverage Group">Efes</a></dd> <dd>Bomonti</dd> <dd>Pera</dd> <dd>GaraGuzu</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tekel_Biras%C4%B1" title="Tekel Birası">Tekel</a> (inactive)</dd> <dt>Distilled beverages</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Kanyak</a></dd> <dt>Wines</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Turkish_wine" title="Turkish wine">Turkish wine</a></b> (main article)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adakaras%C4%B1" title="Adakarası">Adakarası</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bo%C4%9Fazkere" title="Boğazkere">Boğazkere</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C3%87alkaras%C4%B1" title="Çalkarası">Çalkarası</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kalecik_Karas%C4%B1" title="Kalecik Karası">Kalecik Karası</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%C3%96k%C3%BCzg%C3%B6z%C3%BC" title="Öküzgözü">Öküzgözü</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Papazkaras%C4%B1" title="Papazkarası">Papazkarası</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bazlama" title="Bazlama">Bazlama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyoz" title="Boyoz">Boyoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halguane" class="mw-redirect" title="Halguane">Çerkes simidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6zleme" title="Gözleme">Gözleme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandil_simidi" title="Kandil simidi">Kandil simidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattama" class="mw-redirect" title="Kattama">Katmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavash" title="Lavash">Lavaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokul" title="Nokul">Nokul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boortsog" title="Boortsog">Pişi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poga%C4%8Da" title="Pogača">Poğaça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saj_bread" title="Saj bread">Saj bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simit" title="Simit">Simit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor_bread" title="Tandoor bread">Tandır bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kete_(food)" title="Kete (food)">Kete (food)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Appetizers<br />and salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Meze" title="Meze">Meze</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Acuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakla_Ezmesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakla Ezmesi">Bakla Ezmesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">Cacık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87i%C4%9F_k%C3%B6fte" title="Çiğ köfte">Çiğ köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87oban_salatas%C4%B1" title="Çoban salatası">Çoban salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasswort_salad" title="Glasswort salad">Deniz börülcesi salatası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatiq" title="Qatiq">Katık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">İçli köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0mam_bay%C4%B1ld%C4%B1" title="İmam bayıldı">İmam bayıldı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_blossom" title="Squash blossom">Kabak çiçeği dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1s%C4%B1r" title="Kısır">Kısır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokoretsi" title="Kokoretsi">Kokoreç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakerda" title="Lakerda">Lakerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercimek_k%C3%B6ftesi" title="Mercimek köftesi">Mercimek köftesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_mussels" title="Stuffed mussels">Midye dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastirma" title="Pastirma">Pastırma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant_salads_and_appetizers" title="Eggplant salads and appetizers">Patlıcan salatası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaki" title="Pilaki">Pilaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyaz" title="Piyaz">Piyaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarma_(food)" title="Sarma (food)">Sarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujuk" title="Sujuk">Sucuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eak%C5%9Fuka" title="Şakşuka">Şakşuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taramasalata" title="Taramasalata">Taramasalata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarator">Tarator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cold_bulgur_soup" title="Turkish cold bulgur soup">Turkish cold bulgur soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yoğurt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beyaz_peynir" title="Beyaz peynir">Beyaz peynir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braided_cheese" title="Braided cheese">Braided cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_cheese" title="Circassian cheese">Circassian cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_peyniri" title="Civil peyniri">Civil peyniri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%B6mlek_cheese" title="Çömlek cheese">Çömlek cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolaz_cheese" title="Dolaz cheese">Dolaz cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloumi" title="Halloumi">Hellim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kars_gravyer_cheese" title="Kars gravyer cheese">Kars gravyer cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasseri" title="Kasseri">Kaşar cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashkaval" title="Kashkaval">Kaşkaval cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCnefe_peyniri" title="Künefe peyniri">Künefe peyniri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava%C5%9F_cheese" title="Lavaş cheese">Lavaş cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizithra" title="Mizithra">Lor cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihali%C3%A7_Peyniri" title="Mihaliç Peyniri">Mihaliç cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saganaki_cheese" title="Saganaki cheese">Saganaki cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleme_peyniri" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleme peyniri">Teleme peyniri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_peyniri" title="Tomas peyniri">Tomas peyniri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulum_cheese" title="Tulum cheese">Tulum cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_herbed_cheese" title="Van herbed cheese">Van herbed cheese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chorba" title="Chorba">Çorba</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal%C4%B1_k%C4%B1zl%C4%B1_soup" title="Analı kızlı soup">Analı kızlı soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k_%C3%A7orbas%C4%B1" title="Balık çorbası">Balık çorbası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezogelin_soup" title="Ezogelin soup">Ezogelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripe_chorba" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripe chorba">İşkembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_sorrel_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep sorrel soup">Kuzukulağı çorbası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_soup" title="Lentil soup">Mercimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarhana" title="Tarhana">Tarhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyga_soup" title="Toyga soup">Toyga soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yayla_%C3%A7orbas%C4%B1" title="Yayla çorbası">Yayla çorbası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_reshteh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash reshteh">Erişte aşı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keledo%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Keledoş">Keledoş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khash_(dish)" title="Khash (dish)">Kelle paça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_soup" title="Chicken soup">Chicken soup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnavut_ci%C4%9Feri" title="Arnavut ciğeri">Arnavut ciğeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_quinces" title="Stuffed quinces">Ayva dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1k_ekmek" title="Balık ekmek">Balık ekmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6rek" title="Börek">Börek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C4%9Fu_kebab%C4%B1" title="Buğu kebabı">Buğu kebabı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Cantik_Pide" title="Bursa Cantik Pide">Bursa Cantik Pide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87orbal%C4%B1k_kesme" title="Çorbalık kesme">Çorbalık kesme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eevketibostan_yeme%C4%9Fi" title="Şevketibostan yemeği">Şevketibostan yemeği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0irden" class="mw-redirect" title="Širden">Şırdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Çiğ börek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1lb%C4%B1r" title="Çılbır">Çılbır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colocasia_with_lamb" title="Colocasia with lamb">Colocasia with lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_poppy_with_lamb" title="Corn poppy with lamb">Corn poppy with lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_tomatoes" title="Stuffed tomatoes">Domates dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etli_makarna" title="Etli makarna">Etli makarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabakl%C4%B1_peynirli_b%C3%B6rek" title="Kabaklı peynirli börek">Kabaklı peynirli börek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavurma" title="Kavurma">Kavurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesme" title="Kesme">Erişte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khash_(dish)" title="Khash (dish)">Kelle Paça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6mbe" title="Kömbe">Kömbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_meatballs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry meatballs">Kuru köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_apples" title="Stuffed apples">Elma dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harput_meatballs" title="Harput meatballs">Harput meatballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispanakl%C4%B1_Selanik_B%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispanaklı Selanik Böreği">Ispanaklı Selanik Böreği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7li_Pide" class="mw-redirect" title="İçli Pide">İçli Pide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrna_meatballs" title="Smyrna meatballs">İzmir köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapuska" title="Kapuska">Kapuska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karn%C4%B1yar%C4%B1k" title="Karnıyarık">Karnıyarık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fkek" title="Keşkek">Keşkek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuru_fasulye" title="Kuru fasulye">Kuru fasulye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2pa" title="Lâpa">Lâpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahmajoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahmajoun">Lahmacun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepsi_(dish)" title="Lepsi (dish)">Lepsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libje_lebje_basta" title="Libje lebje basta">Libje lebje basta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallow_with_lamb" title="Mallow with lamb">Mallow with lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manti_(food)" title="Manti (food)">Mantı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menemen_(food)" title="Menemen (food)">Menemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirik_meatball" title="Mirik meatball">Mirik meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussaka" title="Moussaka">Musakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant_papucaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Eggplant papucaki">Papucaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_eggplant" title="Stuffed eggplant">Patlıcan dolması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_eggplant" title="Fried eggplant">Patlıcan kızartması</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patl%C4%B1canl%C4%B1_kebap" title="Patlıcanlı kebap">Patlıcan kebabı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdeli_pilav" title="Perdeli pilav">Perdeli pilav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyaziye" title="Piyaziye">Piyaziye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puf_B%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" title="Puf Böreği">Puf Böreği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siron_(food)" title="Siron (food)">Siron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_B%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Su Böreği">Su Böreği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Soğan dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tas_kebap" class="mw-redirect" title="Tas kebap">Tas kebap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_b%C3%B6re%C4%9Fi" title="Tatar böreği">Tatar böreği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrl%C3%BC" title="Türlü">Türlü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzun_eri%C5%9Fte" title="Uzun erişte">Uzun erişte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_k%C3%B6fte" title="Van köfte">Van köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahni" title="Yahni">Yahni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grilled meats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana_kebab%C4%B1" title="Adana kebabı">Adana kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7aabat_meatballs" class="mw-redirect" title="Akçaabat meatballs">Akçaabat meatballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alinazik_kebab" title="Alinazik kebab">Alinazik kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyti_kebab" title="Beyti kebab">Beyti kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C4%9F_kebab%C4%B1" title="Cağ kebabı">Cağ kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doner_kebab" title="Doner kebab">Döner kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0neg%C3%B6l_meatballs" title="İnegöl meatballs">İnegöl meatballs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0skender_kebap" title="İskender kebap">İskender kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Köfte</a></li> <li>Miskender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patl%C4%B1canl%C4%B1_kebap" title="Patlıcanlı kebap">Eggplant kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pideli_k%C3%B6fte" title="Pideli köfte">Pideli köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Şiş kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ei%C5%9F_k%C3%B6fte" class="mw-redirect" title="Şiş köfte">Şiş köfte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Şiş tavuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_meatballs" title="Tire meatballs">Tire meatballs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_desserts" title="List of Turkish desserts">Turkish desserts</a></b> (main article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ac%C4%B1badem_kurabiyesi" title="Acıbadem kurabiyesi">Acıbadem kurabiyesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashure" title="Ashure">Aşure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quince_dessert" class="mw-redirect" title="Quince dessert">Ayva tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balparmak_tatl%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Balparmak tatlısı">Balparmak tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClb%C3%BCl_yuvas%C4%B1" title="Bülbül yuvası">Bülbül yuvası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchkhela" title="Churchkhela">Cevizli sucuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_stuffed_figs" title="Walnut stuffed figs">Cevizli kuru incir tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cevizli_Irmik_Tatl%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Cevizli Irmik Tatlısı">Cevizli Irmik Tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cezerye" title="Cezerye">Cezerye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilber_duda%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Dilber dudağı">Dilber dudağı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibile" title="Dibile">Dibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondurma" title="Dondurma">Dondurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekmek_kaday%C4%B1f%C4%B1" title="Ekmek kadayıfı">Ekmek kadayıfı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_roll" title="Fig roll">Fig roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_dessert" title="Phoenicia dessert">Fenike tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClla%C3%A7" title="Güllaç">Güllaç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Helva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady%27s_navel" title="Lady's navel">Hanım göbeği</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C5%9Faf" title="Hoşaf">Hoşaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C5%9Fmerim" title="Hoşmerim">Hoşmerim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispanakl%C4%B1_kek" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispanaklı kek">Ispanaklı kek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_Bomb_Kurabiye" title="İzmir Bomb Kurabiye">İzmir Bomb Kurabiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabak_tatl%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Kabak tatlısı">Kabak tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalburabast%C4%B1" title="Kalburabastı">Kalburabastı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavala_Almond_Cookies" title="Kavala Almond Cookies">Kavala Almond Cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazandibi" title="Kazandibi">Kazandibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysefe" title="Kaysefe">Kaysefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marron_glac%C3%A9" title="Marron glacé">Kestane şekeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fk%C3%BCl" title="Keşkül">Keşkül</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6yl%C3%BC_pastas%C4%B1" title="Köylü pastası">Köylü pastası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurabiya" title="Qurabiya">Kurabiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanafeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanafeh">Künefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokma" title="Lokma">Lokma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_delight" title="Turkish delight">Lokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macun" title="Macun">Macun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesir_macunu" title="Mesir macunu">Mesir macunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla_halkas%C4%B1" title="Muğla halkası">Muğla halkası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhallebi" title="Muhallebi">Muhallebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabbal%C4%B1_mecidiye" title="Murabbalı mecidiye">Murabbalı mecidiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevzine_tatl%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Nevzine tatlısı">Nevzine tatlısı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orcik_candy" title="Orcik candy">Orcik candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepe%C3%A7ura" title="Pepeçura">Pepeçura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pestil" title="Pestil">Pestil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boortsog" title="Boortsog">Pişi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Fmaniye" title="Pişmaniye">Pişmaniye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eambali" title="Şambali">Şambali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eekerpare" title="Şekerpare">Şekerpare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1ll%C4%B1k" title="Şıllık">Şıllık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supangle" title="Supangle">Supangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_pudding" title="Rice pudding">Sütlaç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Revani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtl%C3%BC_Nuriye" title="Sütlü Nuriye">Sütlü Nuriye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%B6biyet" title="Şöbiyet">Şöbiyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">Tahin</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pekmez" title="Pekmez">pekmez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahini roll">Tahini roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavuk_g%C3%B6%C4%9Fs%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavuk göğsü">Tavukgöğsü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tres_leches_cake#Variations" title="Tres leches cake">Trileçe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulumba" title="Tulumba">Tulumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_kurabiye" title="Flour kurabiye">Un kurabiyesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizier%27s_fingers" title="Vizier's fingers">Vezir parmağı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerde" title="Zerde">Zerde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequent ingredients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Vegetables</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Bean</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">Bell pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">Eggplant</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">Leek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">Spinach</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomato</a></dd> <dt>Herbs & spices</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almond</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dried_apricot" title="Dried apricot">Dried apricot</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peppermint" title="Peppermint">Mint</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nut_(food)" title="Nut (food)">Nut</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_pepper" title="Aleppo pepper">Pul biber</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Red pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Urfa_biber" title="Urfa biber">Urfa pepper</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unique instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cezve" title="Cezve">Cezve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar">Çaydanlık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_(cookware)" title="Kazan (cookware)">Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_(barbecue)" title="Mangal (barbecue)">Mangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_pin" title="Rolling pin">Oklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tava" title="Tava">Sac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samovar" title="Samovar">Semaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandır</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related cuisines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dishes_from_the_Caucasus" title="List of dishes from the Caucasus">Caucasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_cuisine" title="Central Asian cuisine">Central Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_cuisine" title="Greek cuisine">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cuisine" title="Kurdish cuisine">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_cuisine" title="Levantine cuisine">Levantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_cuisine" title="Tatar cuisine">Tatar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/60px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, 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