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class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Byzantine_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Byzantine period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Muslim_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Muslim_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early Muslim period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Muslim_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crusader_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crusader_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Crusader period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crusader_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mamluk_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mamluk_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Mamluk period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mamluk_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Ottoman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Seventeenth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventeenth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Seventeenth century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventeenth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eighteenth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eighteenth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Eighteenth century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eighteenth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nineteenth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nineteenth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>Nineteenth century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nineteenth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twentieth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twentieth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.4</span> <span>Twentieth century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twentieth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Mandate_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Mandate_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>British Mandate period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Mandate_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jordanian_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordanian_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Jordanian period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordanian_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Israeli control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oslo_negotiations:_Area_A_and_Special_Security_Arrangement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oslo_negotiations:_Area_A_and_Special_Security_Arrangement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Oslo negotiations: Area A and Special Security Arrangement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oslo_negotiations:_Area_A_and_Special_Security_Arrangement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fortification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fortification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.2</span> <span>Fortification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fortification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jewish_religious_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_religious_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jewish religious significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jewish_religious_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Jewish religious significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jewish_religious_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rabbinic_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rabbinic_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rabbinic traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rabbinic_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Replicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gallery subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North-east_perspective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North-east_perspective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>North-east perspective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North-east_perspective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_perspective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_perspective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>North perspective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_perspective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_perspective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_perspective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>West perspective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_perspective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_perspective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_perspective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>East perspective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_perspective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_perspective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_perspective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>South perspective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_perspective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South-east_perspective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South-east_perspective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>South-east perspective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South-east_perspective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Rachel's Tomb: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85)" title="مسجد بلال (بيت لحم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسجد بلال (بيت لحم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomba_de_Raquel" title="Tomba de Raquel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tomba de Raquel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1chelin_hrob" title="Ráchelin hrob – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ráchelin hrob" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahelgrab" title="Rahelgrab – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rahelgrab" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumba_de_Raquel" title="Tumba de Raquel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tumba de Raquel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84" title="آرامگاه راحل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرامگاه راحل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombeau_de_Rachel" title="Tombeau de Rachel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tombeau de Rachel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuburan_Rahel" title="Kuburan Rahel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuburan Rahel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomba_di_Rachele" title="Tomba di Rachele – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tomba di Rachele" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C" title="קבר רחל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבר רחל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graf_van_Rachel" title="Graf van Rachel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Graf van Rachel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakelgrava" title="Rakelgrava – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rakelgrava" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Гробница Рахили – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гробница Рахили" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="ராகேலின் கல்லறை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ராகேலின் கல்லறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahel_T%C3%BCrbesi" title="Rahel Türbesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rahel Türbesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Гробниця Рахилі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гробниця Рахилі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%84" title="مقبرہ راحیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مقبرہ راحیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C" title="קבר רחל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קבר רחל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&oldid=1258372959" title="Rachel's Tomb">Revision as of 09:46, 19 November 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&oldid=1258372959" title="Rachel's Tomb">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-11-19T09:46:57Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Headbomb" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Headbomb" data-mw-revid="1258372959"><bdi>Headbomb</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Headbomb" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Headbomb">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Headbomb" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Headbomb">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter_manager" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter manager">Edit filter managers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autopatrolled" 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id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&diff=prev&oldid=1258372959" title="Rachel's Tomb" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&oldid=1259334700" title="Rachel's Tomb">Latest revision as of 16:30, 24 November 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit" title="Rachel's Tomb">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-11-24T16:30:21Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&undoafter=1258372959&undo=1259334700" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Gillespk" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Gillespk" data-mw-revid="1259334700"><bdi>Gillespk</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Gillespk" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Gillespk">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Gillespk" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Gillespk">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>629</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Updated Map</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tags</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-visualeditor"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor">Visual edit</a></span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mobile_edit">Mobile edit</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mobile_web_edit">Mobile web edit</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-advanced_mobile_edit">Advanced mobile edit</span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>|alt =</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>|alt =</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>|caption = Top: Rachel's Tomb and adjacent Islamic cemetery in the early 20th century, prior to the building of the modern Israeli fortification structure<br />Bottom: Sarcophagus with a [[parochet]] covering</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>|caption = Top: Rachel's Tomb and adjacent Islamic cemetery in the early 20th century, prior to the building of the modern Israeli fortification structure<br />Bottom: Sarcophagus with a [[parochet]] covering</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|map_type = <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Palestine</del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|map_type = <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">West Bank</ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>|map_alt =</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>|map_alt =</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>|map_size = 220</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>|map_size = 220</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Latest revision as of 16:30, 24 November 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Holy site in Bethlehem</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the burial place of Rachel and of the Bilal bin Rabah mosque. For the companion of Muhammad, see <a href="/wiki/Bilal_bin_Rabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilal bin Rabah">Bilal bin Rabah</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Tomb of Rachel</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">Kever Rachel (Hebrew); Qabr Raheel (Arabic)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:200px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D_-_%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C-JNF016063.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D_-_%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C-JNF016063.jpeg/200px-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D_-_%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C-JNF016063.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D_-_%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C-JNF016063.jpeg/300px-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D_-_%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C-JNF016063.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D_-_%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C-JNF016063.jpeg/400px-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D_-_%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C-JNF016063.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="398" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachels--tomb-from-nen-side-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rachels--tomb-from-nen-side-.jpg/200px-Rachels--tomb-from-nen-side-.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rachels--tomb-from-nen-side-.jpg/300px-Rachels--tomb-from-nen-side-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rachels--tomb-from-nen-side-.jpg/400px-Rachels--tomb-from-nen-side-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1832" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption">Top: Rachel's Tomb and adjacent Islamic cemetery in the early 20th century, prior to the building of the modern Israeli fortification structure<br />Bottom: Sarcophagus with a <a href="/wiki/Parochet" title="Parochet">parochet</a> covering</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:220px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:220px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:220px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Bank_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rachel's Tomb is located in the West Bank"><img alt="Rachel's Tomb is located in the West Bank" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/West_Bank_location_map.svg/220px-West_Bank_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/West_Bank_location_map.svg/330px-West_Bank_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/West_Bank_location_map.svg/440px-West_Bank_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="736" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.607%;left:67.008%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rachel's Tomb"><img alt="Rachel's Tomb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within the West Bank</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">near <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a><sup id="cite_ref-BregerReiter2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BregerReiter2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rachel%27s_Tomb&params=31.7193434_N_35.202116_E_type:landmark_region:PS"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°43′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°12′08″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.7193434°N 35.202116°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.7193434; 35.202116</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Palestine_grid" title="Palestine grid">Palestine grid</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1691/1251</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">tomb, prayer area</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">Ottoman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultures</th><td class="infobox-data">Jews, Muslims, Christians</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Site notes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Management</th><td class="infobox-data">Israeli Ministry of Religious Affairs</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public access</th><td class="infobox-data">Limited</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keverrachel.com/content.asp?lang=en&pageid=1">keverrachel.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Venerated as the fourth holiest site in Judaism</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rachel's Tomb</b> (<a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Hebrew language">Biblical Hebrew</a>: <span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">קְבֻרַת רָחֵל</span> <i>Qǝbūrat Rāḥēl</i>; Modern <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">קבר רחל</span> <i>Qever Raḥel;</i> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قبر راحيل</span> <i>Qabr Rāḥīl</i>) is a site revered as the burial place of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Biblical</a> matriarch <a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a>. The site is also referred to as the <b>Bilal bin Rabah mosque</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مسجد بلال بن رباح</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Gn_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hz_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hz-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tomb is held in esteem by <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Strickert72_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strickert72-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tomb, located at the northern entrance to the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, next to the <a href="/wiki/Checkpoint_300" title="Checkpoint 300">Rachel's Tomb checkpoint</a>, is built in the style of a traditional <a href="/wiki/Maqam_(shrine)" title="Maqam (shrine)">maqam</a>, Arabic for shrine.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The burial place of the matriarch <a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a> had a <a href="/wiki/Matzevah" title="Matzevah">matzevah</a> erected at the site according to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#35:20" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 35:20</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the site was also mentioned in Muslim literature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200748_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200748-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the site is considered by some scholars as unlikely to be the actual site of the grave<sup id="cite_ref-Strickert72_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strickert72-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – several other sites to the north have been proposed – it is by far the most recognized candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200768ff_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200768ff-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest extra-biblical records describing this tomb as Rachel's burial place date to the first decades of the 4th century CE. The structure in its current form dates from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> period, and is situated in a Christian and Muslim cemetery dating from at least the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk</a> period.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cust_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cust-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first historically recorded pilgrimages to the site were by <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Christians</a>. Throughout history, the site was rarely considered a shrine exclusive to one religion and is described as being "held in esteem equally by Jews, Muslims, and Christians".<sup id="cite_ref-Strickert72_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strickert72-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rachel's Tomb has been a site of Jewish pilgrimage since at least the eleventh century—possibly since ancient times<sup id="cite_ref-Gilbert1985_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilbert1985-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—and remains a holy pilgrimage site for modern Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Meron_Benvenisti" title="Meron Benvenisti">Meron Benvenisti</a> described it as "one of the cornerstones of Jewish-Israeli identity".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/British_Jews" title="British Jews">British Jewish</a> financier <a href="/wiki/Sir_Moses_Montefiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Moses Montefiore">Sir Moses Montefiore</a> significantly expanded the building in 1841,<sup id="cite_ref-Cust_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cust-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> obtaining the keys for the Jewish community while building an <a href="/wiki/Antechamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Antechamber">antechamber</a>, including a <i><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a></i> for Muslim prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-Selwyn_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selwyn-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a 1929 British memorandum,<sup id="cite_ref-Cust_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cust-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1949 the UN ruled that the <i><a href="/wiki/Status_quo_(Holy_Land_sites)" class="mw-redirect" title="Status quo (Holy Land sites)">Status Quo</a>—</i>an arrangement approved by the 1878 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a> concerning rights, privileges and practices in certain Holy Places—applies to the site.<sup id="cite_ref-UNJC_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNJC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine</a>, the tomb was to be part of the <a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Jerusalem)" title="Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)">internationally administered zone</a> of Jerusalem, but the area was <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">ruled by</a> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, which prohibited Jews from entering the area.<sup id="cite_ref-RG_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RG-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the Israeli occupation of the West Bank in 1967, the site's position was formalized in 1995 under the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_II_Accord" title="Oslo II Accord">Oslo II Accord</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Palestinian enclave (Area A)</a>, with a special arrangement making it subject to the security responsibility of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-BregerReiter2013_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BregerReiter2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, following Israeli approval on 11 September 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a> was built around the tomb, effectively annexing it to Jerusalem; <a href="/wiki/Checkpoint_300" title="Checkpoint 300">Checkpoint 300</a> – also known as Rachel's Tomb Checkpoint – was built adjacent to the site.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BregerReiter2013_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BregerReiter2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007134–37_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007134–37-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2005 report from <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a> Special Rapporteur <a href="/wiki/John_Dugard" title="John Dugard">John Dugard</a> noted that: "Although Rachel's Tomb is a site holy to Jews, Muslims and Christians, it has effectively been closed to Muslims and Christians."<sup id="cite_ref-Westra2011_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Westra2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 21, 2015, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> adopted a resolution reaffirming a 2010 statement<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that Rachel's Tomb was "an integral part of Palestine."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 October 2015, the tomb was separated from Bethlehem with a series of concrete barriers.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_accounts_and_disputed_location">Biblical accounts and disputed location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biblical accounts and disputed location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_vis-à-vis_southern_version"><span id="Northern_vis-.C3.A0-vis_southern_version"></span>Northern vis-à-vis southern version</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Northern vis-à-vis southern version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Biblical scholarship identifies two different traditions in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> concerning the site of Rachel's burial, respectively a northern version, locating it north of Jerusalem near <a href="/wiki/Ramah_in_Benjamin" title="Ramah in Benjamin">Ramah</a>, modern <a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">Al-Ram</a>, and a southern narrative locating it close to Bethlehem. In rabbinical tradition the duality is resolved by using two different terms in Hebrew to designate these different localities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200757,_64_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200757,_64-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Hebrew version given in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200720_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200720-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> journey from <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>, a short distance from <a href="/wiki/Ephrath" title="Ephrath">Ephrath</a>, which is glossed as <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> (35:16–21, 48:7). She dies on the way giving birth to <a href="/wiki/Benjamin" title="Benjamin">Benjamin</a>: </p> <blockquote><p><i>"And Rachel died, and was buried on the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem. And Jacob set a pillar upon her grave: that is the pillar of Rachel's grave unto this day."</i> — <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> 35:19–20</p></blockquote> <p>Tom Selwyn notes that <a href="/wiki/R._A._Stewart_Macalister" title="R. A. Stewart Macalister">R. A. S. Macalister</a>, the most authoritative voice on the topography of Rachel's tomb, advanced the view in 1912 that the identification with Bethlehem was based on a copyist's mistake.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Judean scribal gloss "(Ephrath, ) which is Bethlehem" was added to distinguish it from a similar toponym <a href="/wiki/Ephrathah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephrathah">Ephrathah</a> in the Bethlehem region. Some consider as certain, however, that Rachel's tomb lay to the north, in <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Benjamin" title="Tribe of Benjamin">Benjamite</a>, not in Judean territory, and that the Bethlehem gloss represents a Judean appropriation of the grave, originally in the north, to enhance <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judah</a>'s prestige.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1 Samuel 10:2</a>, Rachel's tomb is located in the 'territory of Benjamin at Zelzah.' In the <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">monarchic period</a> down to the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a>, it would follow, Rachel's tomb was thought to lie in Ramah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200761–62_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200761–62-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The indications for this are based on <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1 Sam 10:2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jer. 31:15</a>, which give an alternative location north of Jerusalem, in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Ar-Ram" class="mw-redirect" title="Ar-Ram">ar-Ram</a>, biblical <a href="/wiki/Ramah_in_Benjamin" title="Ramah in Benjamin">Ramah</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> five miles south of <a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One conjecture is that before David's conquest of Jerusalem, the ridge road from Bethel might have been called "the Ephrath road" (<i>derek ’eprātāh</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2035:19&version=nrsv">Genesis 35:19</a>; <i>derek’eprāt,</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2048:7&version=nrsv">Genesis 48:7</a>), hence the passage in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a> meant 'the road <i>to</i> Ephrath or Bethlehem,' on which Ramah, if that word refers to a <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponym</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lay.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A possible location in Ramah could be the five stone monuments north of <a href="/wiki/Hizma" title="Hizma">Hizma</a>. Known as <i><a href="/wiki/Kubur_Bani_Yisra%E2%80%99il" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubur Bani Yisra’il">Qubur Bene Isra'in</a></i>, the largest so-called tomb of the group, the function of which is obscure, has the name <i>Qabr Umm beni Isra'in</i>, that is, "tomb of the mother of the descendants of Israel".<sup id="cite_ref-Keel_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keel-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200769_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200769-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C.jpg/220px-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C.jpg/330px-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C.jpg/440px-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kubur_Bani_Yisra%E2%80%99il" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubur Bani Yisra’il">Qubur Bani Yisra'il</a>, another possible location for Rachel's Tomb</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bethlehem_structure">Bethlehem structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bethlehem structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As to the structure outside Bethlehem being placed exactly over an ancient tomb, it was revealed during excavations in around 1825 that it was not built over a cavern; however, a deep cavern was discovered a small distance from the site.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwarz1850_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwarz1850-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_Tomb_diagram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Rachel%27s_Tomb_diagram.jpg/220px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_diagram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Rachel%27s_Tomb_diagram.jpg/330px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_diagram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Rachel%27s_Tomb_diagram.jpg/440px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_diagram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="1416" /></a><figcaption>Modern layout of Rachel's Tomb, showing the historical layers of the building</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_period">Byzantine period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Byzantine period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditions regarding the tomb at this location date back to the beginning of the 4th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-CCKJ_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCKJ-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eusebius_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusebius of Caesarea">Eusebius</a>' <i>Onomasticon</i> (written before 324), the <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux_Pilgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Bordeaux Pilgrim">Bordeaux Pilgrim</a> (333–334), and <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> (404)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mention the tomb as being located 4 miles from Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon1999[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidEPFDU8POrXICpgPA177_177]_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon1999[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidEPFDU8POrXICpgPA177_177]-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_pilgrim_of_Piacenza" title="Anonymous pilgrim of Piacenza">anonymous pilgrim of Piacenza</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 575</span>) also mentions the tomb, writing that a church had recently been erected on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Muslim_period">Early Muslim period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early Muslim period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 7th century <a href="/wiki/Arculf" title="Arculf">Arculf</a> reported a tomb "of crude workmanship, without any adornment, surrounded by a stone coping" marked with the name "Rachel."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> similarly describes "an unopened tomb marked with the name Rachel".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 10th century, <a href="/wiki/Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muqaddasi">Muqaddasi</a> and other geographers fail to mention the tomb, which indicates that it may have lost importance until the <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a> revived its veneration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon1999177_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon1999177-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusader_period">Crusader period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Crusader period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Idrisi" title="Muhammad al-Idrisi">Muhammad al-Idrisi</a> (1154) writes, "Half-way down the road [between Bethlehem and Jerusalem] is the tomb of Rachel (<i>Rahil</i>), the mother of <a href="/wiki/Joseph" title="Joseph">Joseph</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Benjamin" title="Benjamin">Benjamin</a>, the two sons of <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a> peace upon them all! The tomb is covered by twelve stones, and above it is a dome vaulted."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Strange1890[httpsarchiveorgstreampalestineundermo00lestuoftpage299mode1up_299]_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Strange1890[httpsarchiveorgstreampalestineundermo00lestuoftpage299mode1up_299]-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pseudo-Beda (12th century) similarly writes "Over her tomb Jacob piled up twelve great stones for a memorial of his twelve sons. Her tomb, together with these stones, remains to this day."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_Tomb_1315.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Rachel%27s_Tomb_1315.png/220px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_1315.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Rachel%27s_Tomb_1315.png/330px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_1315.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Rachel%27s_Tomb_1315.png/440px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_1315.png 2x" data-file-width="2490" data-file-height="1746" /></a><figcaption>Rachel's Tomb in the "Florence Scroll" with twelve stones, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1315</span><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_of_Tudela" title="Benjamin of Tudela">Benjamin of Tudela</a> (1169–71) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_ben_Netanel_haKohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob ben Netanel haKohen (page does not exist)">Jacob ben Netanel haKohen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%9F" class="extiw" title="he:יעקב בן נתנאל הכהן">he</a>]</span> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1170</span>) were the first Jewish pilgrims to describe visits to the tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benjamin mentioned a monument made of 11 stones and a cupola resting on four columns "and all the Jews that pass by carve their names upon the stones of the monument." Benjamin and Jacob explain that the 11 stones represent the tribes of Israel, excluding the baby Benjamin, while <a href="/wiki/Petachiah_of_Regensburg" title="Petachiah of Regensburg">Petachiah of Regensburg</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1180</span>) and the "student of Nachmanides" (14th century) argue that Joseph did not contribute a stone either, with the 11th stone representing Jacob: "The monument is of 12 (!) stones. Each stone is as wide as the grave and half as long, so that five layers of two stones each make ten. A final stone rests on top, which is as wide and as long as the grave." Already in the 11th century <a href="/wiki/Tobiah_ben_Eliezer" title="Tobiah ben Eliezer">Tobiah ben Eliezer</a> had written, "Each son contributed one of the 11 stones."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Petachiah says the stones were "marble" (others describe them as "hewn") and that "Jacob's stone is very large, the burden of many men. The local priests tried several times to take it for use in a church, but each time they awoke to find it had returned to its place. It is engraved with 'Jacob'".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mamluk_period">Mamluk period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mamluk period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_arrangement_in_Rachel%27s_Tomb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Stone_arrangement_in_Rachel%27s_Tomb.png/150px-Stone_arrangement_in_Rachel%27s_Tomb.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Stone_arrangement_in_Rachel%27s_Tomb.png/225px-Stone_arrangement_in_Rachel%27s_Tomb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Stone_arrangement_in_Rachel%27s_Tomb.png/300px-Stone_arrangement_in_Rachel%27s_Tomb.png 2x" data-file-width="814" data-file-height="901" /></a><figcaption>Diagram (before 1341) showing the arrangement of stones</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1327, Antony of Cremona referred to the cenotaph as "the most wonderful tomb that I shall ever see. I do not think that with 20 pairs of oxen it would be possible to extract or move one of its stones."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Jewish pilgrimage guide (before 1341) describes a large dome, open on all four sides, with ten stones "ten fingers long" topped by one "sixteen fingers long" (diagram left).<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_of_Poggibonsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas of Poggibonsi">Nicolas of Poggibonsi</a> (1346–50) describes the grave, including the "twelve stones", as 7 feet high and enclosed by a rounded tomb with three gates.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 15th century, if not earlier, the tomb was "appropriated by the Muslims" and rebuilt.<sup id="cite_ref-CCKJ_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCKJ-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:101px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_Cippi_Hebraici_(1659).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_Cippi_Hebraici_%281659%29.png/88px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_Cippi_Hebraici_%281659%29.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_Cippi_Hebraici_%281659%29.png/132px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_Cippi_Hebraici_%281659%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_Cippi_Hebraici_%281659%29.png/176px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_Cippi_Hebraici_%281659%29.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="472" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:62px;max-width:62px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:101px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_Tomb_1564.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Rachel%27s_Tomb_1564.png/60px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_1564.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Rachel%27s_Tomb_1564.png/90px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_1564.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Rachel%27s_Tomb_1564.png/120px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_1564.png 2x" data-file-width="1027" data-file-height="1746" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:101px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_1598_copy_of_Yichus_Avot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_1598_copy_of_Yichus_Avot.png/132px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_1598_copy_of_Yichus_Avot.png" decoding="async" width="132" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_1598_copy_of_Yichus_Avot.png/198px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_1598_copy_of_Yichus_Avot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_1598_copy_of_Yichus_Avot.png/264px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_in_1598_copy_of_Yichus_Avot.png 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="634" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide.png/100px-Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide.png/150px-Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide.png/200px-Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="830" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:186px;max-width:186px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide_2.png/184px-Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide_2.png" decoding="async" width="184" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide_2.png/276px-Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide_2.png/368px-Rachel%27s_tomb_in_17th-century_guide_2.png 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="676" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Depictions in copies of the 16th-century Jewish pilgrimage guide <i>Yichus Avot</i></div></div></div></div> <p>The Russian deacon <a href="/wiki/Zosimus,_Metropolitan_of_Moscow" title="Zosimus, Metropolitan of Moscow">Zosimus</a> describes a "Saracen mosque" in 1421, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Poloner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Poloner (page does not exist)">John Poloner</a> describes a "Saracen building" in 1422.<sup id="cite_ref-CCKJ_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCKJ-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A guide published in 1467 credits Shahin al-Dhahiri (1410-1470) with the building of a cupola, cistern and drinking fountain at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-CCKJ_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCKJ-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Muslim rebuilding of the "dome on four columns" was also mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Suriano" title="Francesco Suriano">Francesco Suriano</a> in 1485.<sup id="cite_ref-CCKJ_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCKJ-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Felix_Fabri" title="Felix Fabri">Felix Fabri</a> (1480–83) described it as being "a lofty pyramid, built of square and polished white stone";<sup id="cite_ref-Fabri547_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fabri547-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also noted a drinking water trough at its side and reported that "this place is venerated alike by Muslims, Jews, and Christians".<sup id="cite_ref-Fabri547_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fabri547-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_von_Breidenbach" title="Bernhard von Breidenbach">Bernhard von Breidenbach</a> of Mainz (1483) described women praying at the tomb and collecting stones to take home, believing that they would ease their labour.<sup id="cite_ref-Lamdan2000_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamdan2000-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Everson_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everson-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Casola" title="Pietro Casola">Pietro Casola</a> (1494) described it as being "beautiful and much honoured by the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Obadiah_of_Bertinoro" title="Obadiah of Bertinoro">Obadiah of Bertinoro</a> (1488) writes that "There is a round dome built upon it but it does not look old to me."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mujir_al-Din_al-%27Ulaymi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujir al-Din al-'Ulaymi">Mujir al-Din al-'Ulaymi</a> (1495), the Jerusalemite <i><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">qadi</a></i> and Arab historian, writes under the heading of <i>Qoubbeh Râhîl</i> ("Dome of Rachel") that Rachel's tomb lies under this dome on the road between Bethlehem and <a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jala" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayt Jala">Bayt Jala</a> and that the edifice is turned towards the <i><a href="/wiki/Sakhrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakhrah">Sakhrah</a></i> (the rock inside the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>) and widely visited by pilgrims.<sup id="cite_ref-din_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-din-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noe_Bianco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noe Bianco (page does not exist)">Noe Bianco</a> (1527) describes "three beautiful domes, each with four columns".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ottoman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sepulchrum_Rachel_-_Zuallart_Jean_-_1587.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sepulchrum_Rachel_-_Zuallart_Jean_-_1587.jpg/137px-Sepulchrum_Rachel_-_Zuallart_Jean_-_1587.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sepulchrum_Rachel_-_Zuallart_Jean_-_1587.jpg/206px-Sepulchrum_Rachel_-_Zuallart_Jean_-_1587.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sepulchrum_Rachel_-_Zuallart_Jean_-_1587.jpg/274px-Sepulchrum_Rachel_-_Zuallart_Jean_-_1587.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1048" data-file-height="746" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Zuallart" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Zuallart">Jean Zuallart</a>, 1587<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernardino_Amico_of_Gallipoli_sketch_of_Rachel%27s_tomb_1610.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bernardino_Amico_of_Gallipoli_sketch_of_Rachel%27s_tomb_1610.jpg/147px-Bernardino_Amico_of_Gallipoli_sketch_of_Rachel%27s_tomb_1610.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bernardino_Amico_of_Gallipoli_sketch_of_Rachel%27s_tomb_1610.jpg/221px-Bernardino_Amico_of_Gallipoli_sketch_of_Rachel%27s_tomb_1610.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Bernardino_Amico_of_Gallipoli_sketch_of_Rachel%27s_tomb_1610.jpg/294px-Bernardino_Amico_of_Gallipoli_sketch_of_Rachel%27s_tomb_1610.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1442" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardino_Amici" class="extiw" title="fr:Bernardino Amici">Bernardino Amico</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1596</span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:133px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Quaresmius.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Quaresmius.png/126px-Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Quaresmius.png" decoding="async" width="126" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Quaresmius.png/189px-Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Quaresmius.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Quaresmius.png/252px-Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Quaresmius.png 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="338" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Anonymous, 1639</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:160px;max-width:160px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:133px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_tomb,_17th-century_engraving.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Rachel%27s_tomb%2C_17th-century_engraving.tif/lossy-page1-158px-Rachel%27s_tomb%2C_17th-century_engraving.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Rachel%27s_tomb%2C_17th-century_engraving.tif/lossy-page1-237px-Rachel%27s_tomb%2C_17th-century_engraving.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Rachel%27s_tomb%2C_17th-century_engraving.tif/lossy-page1-316px-Rachel%27s_tomb%2C_17th-century_engraving.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Olfert_Dapper" title="Olfert Dapper">Olfert Dapper</a>, 1677</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">16th and 17th century engravings show a <a href="/wiki/Chahartaq_(architecture)" title="Chahartaq (architecture)">Chahartaq</a> structure</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Seventeenth_century">Seventeenth century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Seventeenth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to legend, Mehmet Pasha of Jerusalem repaired the structure in 1625<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and granted exclusive access to Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1636 book says that Mehmet favored Jewish settlement in Jerusalem in 1625,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Samuel ben David, a Karaite from <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, reported in 1642 that "Mehmet Pasha built a beautiful <i><a href="/wiki/Qubba" title="Qubba">qubba</a></i> building over her tomb, as graceful as a dove in flight."<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1626, <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Quaresmius" title="Franciscus Quaresmius">Franciscus Quaresmius</a> visited the site and "heard from the elders that the tomb had sometime collapsed, but that it was continually restored in her memory and thus retained its dignity . . . on the front of the tomb, facing the road, is an inscription, but I could not determine the language".<sup id="cite_ref-CCKJ_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCKJ-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Sandys" title="George Sandys">George Sandys</a> wrote in 1632 that “The sepulchre of Rachel... is mounted on a square... within which another sepulchre is used for a place of prayer by the Mohometans".<sup id="cite_ref-KousisSelwyn2011_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KousisSelwyn2011-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moses Poryat of Prague (1650) described a high dome, one side opening to a walled courtyard, and Jewish ritual observance:<sup id="cite_ref-ARWWR_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARWWR-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The tomb of Rachel the Righteous is at a distance of 1½ miles from Jerusalem, in the middle of the field, not far from Bethlehem, as it says in the Torah. On <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lag_B%27Omer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lag B'Omer">Lag B'Omer</a> many people—men and women, young and old—go out to Rachel's Tomb on foot and on horseback. There they pray, make petitions, dance around the tomb, and eat and drink. Over the tomb is a high dome . . .</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Moses Poryat of Prague (1650).<sup id="cite_ref-ARWWR_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARWWR-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote><p>According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Mariti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Mariti (page does not exist)">Giovanni Mariti</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Mariti" class="extiw" title="it:Giovanni Mariti">it</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_IV" title="Mehmed IV">Mehmed IV</a> "entertained a peculiar veneration for this sepulchre, and in the year 1679 sent orders for its being repaired . . . it was perhaps entirely rebuilt by Mehmed IV in 1679".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eighteenth_century">Eighteenth century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Eighteenth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gedaliah of <a href="/wiki/Siemiatycze" title="Siemiatycze">Siemiatycze</a>, who lived in Jerusalem from 1700 to 1706, writes that "Wayfarers rest at the tomb to avoid the sun in summer and the rain in winter. And every year in <a href="/wiki/Elul" title="Elul">Elul</a>, the prince of the <a href="/wiki/Sephardim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardim">Sephardim</a> goes there with other eminences and sleeps there and learns all night, taking with him Arabs for protection."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pococke" title="Richard Pococke">Richard Pococke</a>, the arches had "lately been filled up to hinder the Jews from going into it" as of 4 April, 1738.<sup id="cite_ref-CCKJ_45-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCKJ-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1756, the Istanbul Jewish Committee for the Jews of Palestine instructed that 500 <a href="/wiki/Kuru%C5%9F" title="Kuruş">kuruş</a> used by the Jews of Jerusalem to fix a wall at the tomb were to be repaid and used instead for more deserving causes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007111_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007111-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 April, 1767 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Mariti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Mariti (page does not exist)">Giovanni Mariti</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Mariti" class="extiw" title="it:Giovanni Mariti">it</a>]</span> visited, finding the site "almost ruined" but the arches "open from top to bottom". Mariti apparently penetrated the sarcophagus and writes that it is completely empty.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moses of Jerusalem wrote (Amsterdam, 1769) that "The tomb is closed. The building has three windows and to enter one must pay an Arab attendant," but this author may have relied on old reports.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eugene Hoade says that the arches were re-walled in 1788.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nachmu ben Solomon, a Karaite from <a href="/wiki/Chufut-Kale" title="Chufut-Kale">Kale</a>, reported in 1795 "we entered the <i>qubba</i> and said the appropriate prayers . . . the <i>qubba</i> is extremely large and tall." </p><p>Pococke reports that the site was highly regarded by Turks as a place of burial, and that the ground had been raised by the number of graves.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Mariti, the early-modern outbuildings were locals' tombs.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nineteenth_century">Nineteenth century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nineteenth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_tomb_1803.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rachel%27s_tomb_1803.png/220px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1803.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rachel%27s_tomb_1803.png/330px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1803.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Rachel%27s_tomb_1803.png/440px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1803.png 2x" data-file-width="2420" data-file-height="1799" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aquatint" title="Aquatint">Aquataint</a> by <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Mayer" title="Luigi Mayer">Luigi Mayer</a> (1803)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1806 <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_Chateaubriand" class="mw-redirect" title="François-René Chateaubriand">François-René Chateaubriand</a> described it as "a square edifice, surmounted with a small dome: it enjoys the privileges of a <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a>, for the Turks as well as the Arabs, honour the families of the patriarchs. [..] it is evidently a Turkish edifice, erected in memory of a santon.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An 1824 report described "a stone building, evidently of Turkish construction, which terminates at the top in a dome. Within this edifice is the tomb. It is a pile of stones covered with white plaster, about 10 feet long and nearly as high. The inner wall of the building and the sides of the tomb are covered with Hebrew names, inscribed by Jews."<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the structure was undergoing repairs in around 1825, excavations at the foot of the monument revealed that it was not built directly over an underground cavity. However, a small distance from the site, an unusually deep cavern was discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwarz1850_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwarz1850-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zionism#Proto-Zionism" title="History of Zionism">Proto-Zionist</a> banker Sir <a href="/wiki/Moses_Montefiore" title="Moses Montefiore">Moses Montefiore</a> visited Rachel's Tomb together with his wife on their first visit to the Holy Land in 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-Green2012_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green2012-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple were childless, and Lady Montefiore was deeply moved by the tomb,<sup id="cite_ref-Green2012_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green2012-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was in good condition at that time. Before the couple's next visit, in 1839, the <a href="/wiki/Galilee_earthquake_of_1837" class="mw-redirect" title="Galilee earthquake of 1837">Galilee earthquake of 1837</a> had heavily damaged the tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007112–13_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007112–13-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1838 the tomb was described as "merely an ordinary Muslim Wely, or tomb of a holy person; a small square building of stone with a dome, and within it a tomb in the ordinary Muhammedan form; the whole plastered over with mortar. It is neglected and falling to decay; though pilgrimages are still made to it by the Jews. The naked walls are covered with names in several languages; many of them Hebrew."<sup id="cite_ref-BrP_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrP-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_Tomb,_c._1840.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_c._1840.JPG/97px-Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_c._1840.JPG" decoding="async" width="97" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_c._1840.JPG/146px-Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_c._1840.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_c._1840.JPG/194px-Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_c._1840.JPG 2x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:189px;max-width:189px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_tomb_1845.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rachel%27s_tomb_1845.png/187px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1845.png" decoding="async" width="187" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rachel%27s_tomb_1845.png/281px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1845.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rachel%27s_tomb_1845.png/374px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1845.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The tomb in 1840 (left) and 1845 (right), before and after Montefiore's renovations</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montefiori_tomp_of_rachel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Montefiori_tomp_of_rachel.jpg/220px-Montefiori_tomp_of_rachel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Montefiori_tomp_of_rachel.jpg/330px-Montefiori_tomp_of_rachel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Montefiori_tomp_of_rachel.jpg/440px-Montefiori_tomp_of_rachel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1614" data-file-height="1220" /></a><figcaption>Plaque inside the tomb acknowledging the Montefiore renovations: <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">הבית אשר בנה השר הגדול . . . ישראל סיר משה מונטיפייורי נר"ו ואשתו הגברת בת המלכים, סי' יהודית, יזכו לראות משיח צ' אמן כי"ר.</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'This is the house which was built by the great Prince, the . . of Israel, Sir Moses Montefiore, may God protect him, and his wife, the daughter of kings, Lady Judith. May they merit to see our righteous messiah. Amen. May it be His will.'</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sabil_from_Rachel_Tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sabil_from_Rachel_Tomb.jpg/220px-Sabil_from_Rachel_Tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="392" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sabil_from_Rachel_Tomb.jpg/330px-Sabil_from_Rachel_Tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sabil_from_Rachel_Tomb.jpg/440px-Sabil_from_Rachel_Tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1832" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>One of the two <a href="/wiki/Sebil_(fountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebil (fountain)">Sebils</a>, containing the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire">coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire</a> (now partially defaced), in 2008. The Arabic inscription, which has since been covered up, is from verse 30 of <a href="/wiki/Al-Anbiya" title="Al-Anbiya">chapter 21</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلْمَآءِ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ حَىٍّ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'And we created from water every living thing'</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1841, Montefiore renovated the site and obtained for the Jews the key of the tomb. He renovated the entire structure, reconstructing and re-plastering its white dome, and added an antechamber, including a mihrab for Muslim prayer, to ease Muslim fears.<sup id="cite_ref-Owen1977_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen1977-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professor Glenn Bowman notes that some writers have described this as a “purchase” of the tomb by Montefiore, asserting that this was not the case.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1843, <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Haim_Herschell" title="Ridley Haim Herschell">Ridley Haim Herschell</a> described the building as an ordinary Muslim tomb. He reported that Jews, including Montefiore, were obliged to remain outside the tomb, and prayed at a hole in the wall, so that their voices enter into the tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-Herschell1844_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herschell1844-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1844, <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bartlett" title="William Henry Bartlett">William Henry Bartlett</a> referred to the tomb as a "Turkish Mosque", following a visit to the area in 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1845, Montefiore made further architectural improvements at the tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-ARWWR_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARWWR-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He extended the building by constructing an adjacent vaulted ante-chamber on the east for Muslim <a href="/wiki/Salat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salat">prayer</a> use and burial preparation, possibly as an act of conciliation.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The room included a <i><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a></i> facing <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CCKJ_45-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCKJ-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PGG_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PGG-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-1850s, the marauding <a href="/wiki/Arab_et-Ta%27amreh" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab et-Ta'amreh">Arab et-Ta'amreh</a> tribe forced the Jews to furnish them with an annual £30 payment to prevent them from damaging the tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-Har-El2004_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Har-El2004-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EverettLowell1862_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EverettLowell1862-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Anne_Finn" title="Elizabeth Anne Finn">Elizabeth Anne Finn</a>, wife of the British consul, <a href="/wiki/James_Finn" title="James Finn">James Finn</a>, the only time the <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardic Jewish community</a> left the Old City of Jerusalem was for monthly prayers at "Rachel's Sepulchre" or Hebron.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1864, the Jews of <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a> donated money to dig a well. Although Rachel's Tomb was only an hour and a half walk from the Old City of Jerusalem, many pilgrims found themselves very thirsty and unable to obtain fresh water. Every <i><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Chodesh" title="Rosh Chodesh">Rosh Chodesh</a></i> (beginning of the Jewish month), the <a href="/wiki/Maiden_of_Ludmir" title="Maiden of Ludmir">Maiden of Ludmir</a> would lead her followers to Rachel's tomb and lead a prayer service with various rituals, which included spreading out requests of the past four weeks over the tomb. On the traditional anniversary of Rachel's death, she would lead a solemn procession to the tomb where she chanted <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">psalms</a> in a night-long vigil.<sup id="cite_ref-Deutsch2003_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deutsch2003-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1868 a publication by the Catholic missionary society the <a href="/wiki/Paulist_Fathers" title="Paulist Fathers">Paulist Fathers</a> noted that "[Rachel's] memory has always been held in respect by the Jews and Christians, and even now the former go there every Thursday, to pray and read the old, old history of this mother of their race. When leaving Bethlehem for the fourth and last time, after we had passed the tomb of Rachel, on our way to Jerusalem, Father Luigi and I met a hundred or more Jews on their weekly visit to the venerated spot."<sup id="cite_ref-Fathers1868_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fathers1868-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hebrew monthly <i>ha-Levanon</i> of August 19, 1869, rumored that a group of Christians had purchased land around the tomb and were in the process of demolishing Montefiore's vestibule in order to erect a church there.<sup id="cite_ref-ha-YahadutWomen1998_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ha-YahadutWomen1998-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the following years, land in the vicinity of the tomb was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Straus" title="Nathan Straus">Nathan Straus</a>. In October 1875, Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Zvi_Hirsch_Kalischer" title="Zvi Hirsch Kalischer">Zvi Hirsch Kalischer</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="How could that happen when he died in 1874? (October 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> purchased three <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> of land near the tomb intending to establish a Jewish farming colony there.<sup id="cite_ref-Blumberg1998_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blumberg1998-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Custody of the land was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Perushim" title="Perushim">Perushim</a> community in Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Blumberg1998_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blumberg1998-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1883 volume of the <a href="/wiki/PEF_Survey_of_Palestine" title="PEF Survey of Palestine">PEF Survey of Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder" title="Claude Reignier Conder">Conder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Kitchener</a> noted: "A modern Moslem building stands over the site, and there are Jewish graves near it... The court... is used as a praying-place by Moslems... The inner chambers... are visited by Jewish men and women on Fridays."<sup id="cite_ref-ConderKitchener1999_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConderKitchener1999-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Twentieth_century">Twentieth century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Twentieth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1912 the Ottoman Government permitted the Jews to repair the shrine itself, but not the antechamber.<sup id="cite_ref-UNJC_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNJC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1915 the structure had four walls, each about 7 m (23 ft.) long and 6 m (20 ft.) high. The dome, rising about 3 m (10 ft.), "is used by the Moslems for prayer; its holy character has hindered them from removing the Hebrew letters from its walls."<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Mandate_period">British Mandate period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: British Mandate period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etz_Chaim_students_at_Rachel%27s_tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Etz_Chaim_students_at_Rachel%27s_tomb.jpg/220px-Etz_Chaim_students_at_Rachel%27s_tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Etz_Chaim_students_at_Rachel%27s_tomb.jpg/330px-Etz_Chaim_students_at_Rachel%27s_tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Etz_Chaim_students_at_Rachel%27s_tomb.jpg/440px-Etz_Chaim_students_at_Rachel%27s_tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="312" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Etz_Chaim_Yeshiva" title="Etz Chaim Yeshiva">Etz Chaim Talmud Torah</a> students visiting the tomb, 1930s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_tomb_and_the_British_Mandate.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Rachel%27s_tomb_and_the_British_Mandate.JPG/220px-Rachel%27s_tomb_and_the_British_Mandate.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Rachel%27s_tomb_and_the_British_Mandate.JPG/330px-Rachel%27s_tomb_and_the_British_Mandate.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Rachel%27s_tomb_and_the_British_Mandate.JPG/440px-Rachel%27s_tomb_and_the_British_Mandate.JPG 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>Rachel's tomb appeared on the 500 m. banknote and on 2 m., 3 m. and 10 m. stamps of Mandate Palestine between 1927 and 1945, due to it being perceived by the British authorities as “the model of a shared site” among Muslims, Christians and Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Three months after the British occupation of Palestine the whole place was cleaned and whitewashed by the Jews without protest from the Muslims. However, in 1921 when the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbinate_of_Israel" title="Chief Rabbinate of Israel">Chief Rabbinate</a> applied to the Municipality of Bethlehem for permission to perform repairs at the site, local Muslims objected.<sup id="cite_ref-UNJC_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNJC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In view of this, the High Commissioner ruled that, pending appointment of the Holy Places Commission provided for under the Mandate, all repairs should be undertaken by the Government. However, so much indignation was caused in Jewish circles by this decision that the matter was dropped, the repairs not being considered urgent.<sup id="cite_ref-UNJC_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNJC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925 the Sephardic Jewish community requested permission to repair the tomb. The building was then made structurally sound and exterior repairs were effected by the Government, but permission was refused by the Jews (who had the keys) for the Government to repair the interior of the shrine. As the interior repairs were unimportant, the Government dropped the matter, in order to avoid controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-UNJC_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNJC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1926 <a href="/wiki/Max_Bodenheimer" title="Max Bodenheimer">Max Bodenheimer</a> blamed the Jews for letting one of their holy sites appear so neglected and uncared for.<sup id="cite_ref-Bodenheimer1963_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodenheimer1963-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period, both Jews and Muslims visited the site. From the 1940s, it came to be viewed as a symbol of the Jewish people's return to Zion, to its ancient homeland,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Jewish women, the tomb was associated with fertility and became a place of pilgrimage to pray for successful childbirth.<sup id="cite_ref-Shilo2005_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shilo2005-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depictions of the Tomb of Rachel have appeared in Jewish religious books and works of art.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Muslims prayed inside the mosque there and the cemetery at the tomb was the main Muslim cemetery in the Bethlehem area. The building was also used for <a href="/wiki/Islamic_funeral" title="Islamic funeral">Islamic funeral</a> rituals. It is reported that Jews and Muslims respected each other and accommodated each other's rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-Selwyn_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selwyn-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">riots of 1929</a>, violence hampered regular visits by Jews to the tomb.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Both Jews and Muslims demanded control of the site, with the Muslims claiming it was an integral part of the Muslim cemetery within which it is situated.<sup id="cite_ref-Cust_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cust-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also demanded a renewal of the old Muslim custom of purifying corpses in the tomb's antechamber.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jordanian_period">Jordanian period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Jordanian period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a> till 1967, the site was <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">occupied then annexed by Jordan</a>. the site was overseen by the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">waqf</a>. On December 11, 1948, the UN General Assembly passed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">Resolution 194</a> which called for free access to all the holy places in Israel and the remainder of the territory of the former Palestine Mandate of Great Britain. In April 1949, the Jerusalem Committee prepared a document for the UN Secretariat in order to establish the status of the different holy places in the area of the former British Mandate for Palestine. It noted that ownership of Rachel's Tomb was claimed by both Jews and Muslims. The Jews claimed possession by virtue of a 1615 <a href="/wiki/Firman_(decree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Firman (decree)">firman</a> granted by the Pasha of Jerusalem which gave them exclusive use of the site and that the building, which had fallen into decay, was entirely restored by Moses Montefiore in 1845; the keys were obtained by the Jews from the last Muslim guardian at this time. The Muslims claimed the site was a place of Muslim prayer and an integral part of the Muslim cemetery within which it was situated.<sup id="cite_ref-Cust_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cust-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They stated that the Ottoman Government had recognised it as such and that it is included among the Tombs of the Prophets for which identity signboards were issued by the Ministry of Waqfs in 1898. They also asserted that the antechamber built by Montefiore was specially built as a place of prayer for Muslims. The UN ruled that the <i>status quo</i>, an arrangement approved by the Ottoman Decree of 1757 concerning rights, privileges and practices in certain Holy Places, apply to the site.<sup id="cite_ref-UNJC_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNJC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In theory, free access was to be granted as stipulated in the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a>, though Israelis, unable to enter Jordan, were prevented from visiting.<sup id="cite_ref-RG_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RG-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-Israeli Jews, however, continued to visit the site.<sup id="cite_ref-Selwyn_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selwyn-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period the Muslim cemetery was expanded.<sup id="cite_ref-PGG_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PGG-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_control">Israeli control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Israeli control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_10_a6a09e8ec9e8ad5aa2963bd34c4c366b.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PikiWiki_Israel_10_a6a09e8ec9e8ad5aa2963bd34c4c366b.JPG/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_10_a6a09e8ec9e8ad5aa2963bd34c4c366b.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PikiWiki_Israel_10_a6a09e8ec9e8ad5aa2963bd34c4c366b.JPG/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_10_a6a09e8ec9e8ad5aa2963bd34c4c366b.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PikiWiki_Israel_10_a6a09e8ec9e8ad5aa2963bd34c4c366b.JPG/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_10_a6a09e8ec9e8ad5aa2963bd34c4c366b.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>The family of <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Knesset" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Knesset">MK</a> <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Tamir" title="Yosef Tamir">Yosef Tamir</a> standing next to the two Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Sebil_(fountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebil (fountain)">Sebils</a>, immediately after the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> in 1967</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> in 1967, Israel occupied of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, which included the tomb. The tomb was placed under Israeli military administration. Prime minister <a href="/wiki/Levi_Eshkol" title="Levi Eshkol">Levi Eshkol</a> instructed that the tomb be included within the new expanded municipal borders of Jerusalem,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but citing security concerns, <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Moshe Dayan</a> decided not to include it within the territory that was annexed to Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-SOC_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOC-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Islamic crescents, inscribed into the rooms of the structure, were subsequently erased. Muslims were prevented from using the mosque, although they were allowed to use the cemetery for a while.<sup id="cite_ref-Selwyn_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selwyn-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in 1993, Muslims were barred from using the cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-Selwyn_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selwyn-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Bethlehem University, "[a]ccess to Rachel's Tomb is now restricted to tourists entering from Israel."<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oslo_negotiations:_Area_A_and_Special_Security_Arrangement">Oslo negotiations: Area A and Special Security Arrangement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Oslo negotiations: Area A and Special Security Arrangement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:50%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><b>Rachel's Tomb</b><br />a. Without derogating from Palestinian security responsibility in the City of Bethlehem, the two sides hereby agree on the following security arrangements regarding Rachel's Tomb which will be considered a special case during the Interim Period: </p> <dl><dd>(1) While the Tomb, as well as the main road leading from Jerusalem to the Tomb, as indicated on map No.1, will be under the security responsibility of Israel, the free movement of Palestinians on the main road will continue.</dd> <dd>(2) For the purpose of protecting the Tomb, three Israeli guard posts may be located in the Tomb, the roof of the Waqf building, and the parking lot.</dd></dl> <p>b. The present situation and existing practices in the Tomb shall be preserved. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Oslo_II_Accord" title="Oslo II Accord">Oslo II Accord</a>, Israel-PLO, 28 September 1995, <i>Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip</i>, Annex I, Article V, Part 7</cite></p> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Oslo_II_Accord" title="Oslo II Accord">Oslo II Accord</a> of September 28, 1995 placed Rachel's Tomb in a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Palestinian enclave (Area A)</a>, with a special arrangement making it – together with the main Jerusalem-Bethlehem access road – subject to the security responsibility of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-BregerReiter2013_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BregerReiter2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially the arrangement was intended to be the same as that for <a href="/wiki/Joseph%27s_Tomb" title="Joseph's Tomb">Joseph's Tomb</a> near <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>; however this was reconsidered following a significant reaction from Israel’s right-wing religious parties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehrs2013236a_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehrs2013236a-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the explicit intention of creating <a href="/wiki/Facts_on_the_ground" title="Facts on the ground">facts on the ground</a>, in July 1995 MK <a href="/wiki/Hanan_Porat" title="Hanan Porat">Hanan Porat</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshiva</a> at the tomb, and right-wing activists began trying to acquire land around the tomb to create contiguity with Israeli-annexed areas of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehrs2013236b_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehrs2013236b-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 17 July 1995, following a meeting of <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_government_of_Israel" title="Twenty-fifth government of Israel">Rabin’s cabinet and security forces</a>, the Israeli position was changed to demand that an Israeli force provide security at the tomb and control the access road to it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehrs2013237a_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehrs2013237a-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When this demand was put to <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> during the negotiations, he is said to have responded:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehrs2013237b_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehrs2013237b-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I cannot agree to this! Next to Rachel’s Tomb there is a Muslim cemetery and the holy place is located in Area A and I myself am a descendant of Rachel</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, during the Oslo negotiations</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The Palestinians were also strongly against conceding control of the road linking Bethlehem to Jerusalem, but ultimately conceded in order not to threaten the overall accords.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehrs2013237c_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehrs2013237c-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 1, 1995, the rest of Bethlehem, with the sole exception of the tomb enclave, passed under the full control of the Palestinian Authority. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fortification">Fortification</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Fortification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_of_Rachel%27s_Tomb_with_pin_marker.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Location_of_Rachel%27s_Tomb_with_pin_marker.png/220px-Location_of_Rachel%27s_Tomb_with_pin_marker.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Location_of_Rachel%27s_Tomb_with_pin_marker.png/330px-Location_of_Rachel%27s_Tomb_with_pin_marker.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Location_of_Rachel%27s_Tomb_with_pin_marker.png/440px-Location_of_Rachel%27s_Tomb_with_pin_marker.png 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>UN map with a green pin added showing the current location of the tomb, surrounded on all sides by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a> (shown in red). The tomb is situated east and north, respectively, of the <a href="/wiki/Aida_Camp" title="Aida Camp">Ayda</a> and <a href="/wiki/%27Azza" title="'Azza">'Azza</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Palestinian refugee camps</a>, and south of <a href="/wiki/Checkpoint_300" title="Checkpoint 300">Checkpoint 300</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlements</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gilo" title="Gilo">Gilo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Har_Homa" title="Har Homa">Har Homa</a>. The tomb is in the <a href="/wiki/Seam_Zone" title="Seam Zone">Seam Zone</a>: the green-blue line at the top of the map represents the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">border of the West Bank and Israel</a>, and the blue dashed line just north of the tomb represents the unilaterally-declared municipal boundary of Jerusalem</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb_in_the_early_20th_and_21st_centuries,_southern_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb_in_the_early_20th_and_21st_centuries%2C_southern_view.jpg/220px-Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb_in_the_early_20th_and_21st_centuries%2C_southern_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb_in_the_early_20th_and_21st_centuries%2C_southern_view.jpg/330px-Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb_in_the_early_20th_and_21st_centuries%2C_southern_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb_in_the_early_20th_and_21st_centuries%2C_southern_view.jpg/440px-Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb_in_the_early_20th_and_21st_centuries%2C_southern_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1598" data-file-height="1543" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of the southern view of the Tomb in the early 20th and 21st centuries, showing the fortifications</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1996, Israel began an 18-month fortification of the site at a cost of $2m. It included a 13-foot-high (4.0 m) wall and adjacent military post.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007135_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007135-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After an attack on <a href="/wiki/Joseph%27s_Tomb" title="Joseph's Tomb">Joseph's Tomb</a> and its subsequent takeover and desecration by Arabs,<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hundreds of residents of Bethlehem and the <a href="/wiki/Aida_(camp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aida (camp)">Aida refugee camp</a>, led by the Palestinian Authority-appointed governor of Bethlehem, Muhammad Rashad al-Jabari, attacked Rachel's Tomb. They set the scaffolding that had been erected around it on fire and tried to break in. The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> dispersed the mob with gunfire and <a href="/wiki/Stun_grenade" title="Stun grenade">stun grenades</a>, and dozens were wounded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the following years, the Israeli-controlled site became a flashpoint between young Palestinians who <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_stone-throwing" title="Palestinian stone-throwing">hurled stones</a>, bottles and firebombs and IDF troops, who responded with tear gas and rubber bullets.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem,_West_Bank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem%2C_West_Bank.jpg/220px-Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem%2C_West_Bank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem%2C_West_Bank.jpg/330px-Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem%2C_West_Bank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem%2C_West_Bank.jpg/440px-Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem%2C_West_Bank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Fortified entrance road to the tomb, surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of 2000, when the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> broke out, the tomb came under attack for 41 days. In May 2001, fifty Jews found themselves trapped inside by a firefight between the IDF and Palestinian Authority gunmen. In March 2002 the IDF returned to Bethlehem as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield" title="Operation Defensive Shield">Operation Defensive Shield</a> and remained there for an extended period of time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 11 September 2002, the Israeli security cabinet approved incorporating the tomb on the Israeli side of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">West Bank barrier</a> and surrounded by a concrete wall and watchtowers.<sup id="cite_ref-BregerReiter2013_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BregerReiter2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has been described as "de facto annexing it to Jerusalem".<sup id="cite_ref-BregerReiter2013_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BregerReiter2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Supreme Court">Israel Supreme Court</a> rejected a Palestinian appeal to change the route of the barrier in the region of the tomb. Israeli construction destroyed the Palestinian neighbourhood of <i>Qubbet Rahil</i> (Tomb of Rachel), which comprised 11% of metropolitan Bethlehem.<sup id="cite_ref-KousisSelwyn2011b_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KousisSelwyn2011b-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moyaert2019_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moyaert2019-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel also declared the area to be a part of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Selwyn_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selwyn-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2011, a "Wall Museum" was created by Palestinians on the North wall of the Israeli separation barrier surrounding Rachel's tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2010, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu announced that the tomb would become a part of the national Jewish heritage sites rehabilitation plan.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision was opposed by the Palestinian Authority, who saw it as a political decision associated with Israel's settlement project.<sup id="cite_ref-Gn_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The UN's special coordinator for the Middle East, Robert Serry, issued a statement of concern over the move, saying that the site is in Palestinian territory and has significance in both Judaism and Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-HzNA_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HzNA-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jordanian government said that the move would derail peace efforts in the Middle East and condemned "unilateral Israeli measures which affect holy places and offend sentiments of Muslims throughout the world".<sup id="cite_ref-HzNA_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HzNA-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UNESCO urged Israel to remove the site from its heritage list, stating that it was "an integral part of the occupied Palestinian territories". A resolution was passed at UNESCO that acknowledged both the Jewish and Islamic significance of the site, describing the site as both Bilal ibn Rabah Mosque and as Rachel's Tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-Gn_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resolution passed with 44 countries supporting it, twelve countries abstaining, and only the United States voting to oppose.<sup id="cite_ref-Gn_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also writing in the <i>Jerusalem Post</i>, Larry Derfner defended the UNESCO position. He pointed out that UNESCO had explicitly recognized the Jewish connection to the site, having only denounced Israeli claims of sovereignty, while also acknowledging the Islamic and Christian significance of the site.<sup id="cite_ref-JPLD_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPLD-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Israeli Prime Minister's Office criticised the resolution, claiming that: "the attempt to detach the Nation of Israel from its heritage is absurd. ... If the nearly 4,000-year-old burial sites of the Patriarchs and Matriarchs of the Jewish Nation – <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rebecca" title="Rebecca">Rebecca</a>, Rachel and <a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a> – are not part of its culture and tradition, then what is a national cultural site?"<sup id="cite_ref-israelnationalnews.com_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-israelnationalnews.com-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ynetnews.com_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ynetnews.com-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachels_tomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rachels_tomb.JPG/220px-Rachels_tomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rachels_tomb.JPG/330px-Rachels_tomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rachels_tomb.JPG/440px-Rachels_tomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Haredi" class="mw-redirect" title="Haredi">Haredi</a> Jews praying at the tomb</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewish_religious_significance">Jewish religious significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Jewish religious significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rabbinic_traditions">Rabbinic traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Rabbinic traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Jewish lore, Rachel died on 11 <a href="/wiki/Cheshvan" title="Cheshvan">Cheshvan</a> 1553 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>According to the <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a>, the first person to pray at Rachel's tomb was her eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_(son_of_Jacob)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph (son of Jacob)">Joseph</a>. While he was being carried away to Egypt after his brothers had sold him into slavery, he broke away from his captors and ran to his mother's grave. He threw himself upon the ground, wept aloud and cried "Mother! mother! Wake up. Arise and see my suffering." He heard his mother respond: "Do not fear. Go with them, and God will be with you."<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A number of reasons are given why Rachel was buried by the road side and not in the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Machpela" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Machpela">Cave of Machpela</a> with the other Patriarchs and Matriarchs: <ul><li>Jacob foresaw that following the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/First_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="First Temple">First Temple</a> the Jews would be exiled to Babylon. They would cry out as they passed her grave, and be comforted by her. She would intercede on their behalf, asking for mercy from God who would hear her prayer.<sup id="cite_ref-Levy2008_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levy2008-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Although Rachel was buried within the boundaries of the Holy Land, she was not buried in the Cave of Machpelah due to her sudden and unexpected death. Jacob, looking after his children and herds of cattle, simply did not have the opportunity to embalm her body to allow for the slow journey to Hebron.<sup id="cite_ref-ḤlavaMunk1998_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ḤlavaMunk1998-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RAMBANp.545-7_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAMBANp.545-7-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jacob was intent on not burying Rachel at Hebron, as he wished to prevent himself feeling ashamed before his forefathers, lest it appear he still regarded both sisters as his wives – a biblically forbidden union.<sup id="cite_ref-RAMBANp.545-7_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RAMBANp.545-7-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>According to the mystical work, <a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> appears, he will lead the dispersed Jews back to the Land of Israel, along the road which passes Rachel's grave.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200732_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200732-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early Jewish scholars noticed an apparent contradiction in the Bible with regards to the location of Rachel's grave. In <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a>, the Bible states that Rachel was buried "on the way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem". Yet a reference to her tomb in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Samuel">Samuel</a> states: "When you go from me today, you will find two men by Rachel's tomb, in the border of <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Benjamin#Territory" title="Tribe of Benjamin">Benjamin</a>, in Zelzah" (1 Sam 10:2). <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> asks: "Now, isn't Rachel's tomb in the border of <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Judah</a>, in Bethlehem?" He explains that the verse rather means: "Now they are by Rachel's tomb, and when you will meet them, you will find them in the border of Benjamin, in Zelzah." Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Nahmanides" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahmanides">Ramban</a> assumes that the site shown today near Bethlehem reflects an authentic tradition. After he had arrived in Jerusalem and seen "with his own eyes" that Rachel's tomb was on the outskirts of Bethlehem, he retracted his original understanding of her tomb being located north of Jerusalem and concluded that the reference in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> (Jer 31:15) which seemed to place her burial place in <a href="/wiki/Ramah_in_Benjamin" title="Ramah in Benjamin">Ramah</a>, is to be understood allegorically. There remains however, a dispute as to whether her tomb near Bethlehem was in the tribal territory of Judah, or of her son <a href="/wiki/Benjamin" title="Benjamin">Benjamin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Customs">Customs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Jewish tradition teaches that Rachel weeps for her children and that when the Jews were taken into exile, she wept as they passed by her grave on the way to <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a>. Jews have made pilgrimage to the tomb since ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-Gilbert1985_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilbert1985-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a tradition regarding the key that unlocked the door to the tomb. The key was about 15 centimetres (5.9 in) long and made of brass. The <a href="/wiki/Beadle" title="Beadle">beadle</a> kept it with him at all times, and it was not uncommon that someone would knock at his door in the middle of the night requesting it to ease the labor pains of an expectant mother. The key was placed under her pillow and almost immediately, the pains would subside and the delivery would take place peacefully. </p><p>Till this day there is an ancient tradition regarding a <i>segulah</i> or charm which is the most famous women's ritual at the tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-SeredGrotto_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeredGrotto-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Red_string_(Kabbalah)" title="Red string (Kabbalah)">red string</a> is wound around the tomb seven times, then worn as a charm for fertility.<sup id="cite_ref-SeredGrotto_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeredGrotto-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This use of the string is comparatively recent, though there is a report of its use to ward off diseases in the 1880s.<sup id="cite_ref-SeredCult_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeredCult-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Torah_Ark" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah Ark">Torah Ark</a> in Rachel's Tomb is covered with a curtain (Hebrew: <i>parokhet</i>) made from the wedding gown of <a href="/wiki/Nava_Applebaum" class="mw-redirect" title="Nava Applebaum">Nava Applebaum</a>, a young Israeli woman who was killed by a Palestinian terrorist in a suicide bombing at <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Hillel" title="Café Hillel">Café Hillel</a> in Jerusalem in 2003, on the eve of her wedding.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replicas">Replicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Replicas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trumpeldor_Cemetery_RachelTomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Trumpeldor_Cemetery_RachelTomb.JPG/220px-Trumpeldor_Cemetery_RachelTomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Trumpeldor_Cemetery_RachelTomb.JPG/330px-Trumpeldor_Cemetery_RachelTomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Trumpeldor_Cemetery_RachelTomb.JPG/440px-Trumpeldor_Cemetery_RachelTomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Tombstone in the shape of Rachel's Tomb, Trumpeldor Cemetery, Tel Aviv</figcaption></figure> <p>The tomb of Sir <a href="/wiki/Moses_Montefiore" title="Moses Montefiore">Moses Montefiore</a>, adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Montefiore_synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Montefiore synagogue">Montefiore synagogue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a>, England, is a replica of Rachel's Tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1934, the Michigan Memorial Park planned to reproduce the tomb. When built, it was used to house the sound system and pipe organ used during funerals, but it has since been demolished.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output 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.portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" 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title="History of the Jews in Palestine">History of the Jews in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_synagogues" class="mw-redirect" title="List of oldest synagogues">List of oldest synagogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Heritage_Sites_of_Israel" title="List of National Heritage Sites of Israel">List of National Heritage Sites of Israel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North-east_perspective">North-east perspective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: North-east perspective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bethlehem_rachel_tomb_1880.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="c.1880"><img alt="c.1880" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bethlehem_rachel_tomb_1880.jpg/109px-Bethlehem_rachel_tomb_1880.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bethlehem_rachel_tomb_1880.jpg/163px-Bethlehem_rachel_tomb_1880.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bethlehem_rachel_tomb_1880.jpg/217px-Bethlehem_rachel_tomb_1880.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="772" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">c.1880</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bethlehem._Rachel%27s_Tomb,_68.Holy_land_photographed._Daniel_B._Shepp._1894.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1894"><img alt="1894" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bethlehem._Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_68.Holy_land_photographed._Daniel_B._Shepp._1894.jpg/120px-Bethlehem._Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_68.Holy_land_photographed._Daniel_B._Shepp._1894.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bethlehem._Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_68.Holy_land_photographed._Daniel_B._Shepp._1894.jpg/180px-Bethlehem._Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_68.Holy_land_photographed._Daniel_B._Shepp._1894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bethlehem._Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_68.Holy_land_photographed._Daniel_B._Shepp._1894.jpg/240px-Bethlehem._Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_68.Holy_land_photographed._Daniel_B._Shepp._1894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5966" data-file-height="4586" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1894</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_Tomb_c1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="c.1910"><img alt="c.1910" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Rachel%27s_Tomb_c1910.jpg/120px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_c1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Rachel%27s_Tomb_c1910.jpg/180px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_c1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Rachel%27s_Tomb_c1910.jpg/240px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_c1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="285" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">c.1910</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RACHEL%27S_TOMB_IN_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D21-004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1933"><img alt="1933" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/RACHEL%27S_TOMB_IN_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D21-004.jpg/120px-RACHEL%27S_TOMB_IN_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D21-004.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/RACHEL%27S_TOMB_IN_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D21-004.jpg/180px-RACHEL%27S_TOMB_IN_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D21-004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/RACHEL%27S_TOMB_IN_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D21-004.jpg/240px-RACHEL%27S_TOMB_IN_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D21-004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1933</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TOMB-GATE.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="2005 showing the two Ottoman Sebils (now inside the expanded compound)"><img alt="2005 showing the two Ottoman Sebils (now inside the expanded compound)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/TOMB-GATE.JPG/120px-TOMB-GATE.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/TOMB-GATE.JPG/180px-TOMB-GATE.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/TOMB-GATE.JPG/240px-TOMB-GATE.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="1952" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2005 showing the two Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Sebil_(fountain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebil (fountain)">Sebils</a> (now inside the expanded compound)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem,_West_Bank.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2011"><img alt="2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem%2C_West_Bank.jpg/120px-Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem%2C_West_Bank.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem%2C_West_Bank.jpg/180px-Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem%2C_West_Bank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem%2C_West_Bank.jpg/240px-Fortified_entrance_road_to_Kever_Rachel_in_Jerusalem%2C_West_Bank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2011</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>Mid 1990s North-east perspective available externally:<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 picture of the same North-east perspective:<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_perspective">North perspective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: North perspective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_tomb_1836.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1836"><img alt="1836" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rachel%27s_tomb_1836.png/120px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1836.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rachel%27s_tomb_1836.png/180px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1836.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Rachel%27s_tomb_1836.png/240px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1836.png 2x" data-file-width="1455" data-file-height="703" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1836</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1930s"><img alt="1930s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s_II.jpg/120px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s_II.jpg/180px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s_II.jpg/240px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1930s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwig_Blum_-_Rachel%27s_Tomb,_1931.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1939 painting of Rachel's Tomb by Ludwig Blum"><img alt="1939 painting of Rachel's Tomb by Ludwig Blum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ludwig_Blum_-_Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_1931.JPG/120px-Ludwig_Blum_-_Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_1931.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ludwig_Blum_-_Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_1931.JPG/180px-Ludwig_Blum_-_Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_1931.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ludwig_Blum_-_Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_1931.JPG/240px-Ludwig_Blum_-_Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_1931.JPG 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="330" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1939 painting of Rachel's Tomb by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Blum" title="Ludwig Blum">Ludwig Blum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RACHEL%27S_TOMB_NEAR_THE_ENTRANCE_TO_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D11-133.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1940"><img alt="1940" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/RACHEL%27S_TOMB_NEAR_THE_ENTRANCE_TO_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D11-133.jpg/120px-RACHEL%27S_TOMB_NEAR_THE_ENTRANCE_TO_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D11-133.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/RACHEL%27S_TOMB_NEAR_THE_ENTRANCE_TO_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D11-133.jpg/180px-RACHEL%27S_TOMB_NEAR_THE_ENTRANCE_TO_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D11-133.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/RACHEL%27S_TOMB_NEAR_THE_ENTRANCE_TO_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D11-133.jpg/240px-RACHEL%27S_TOMB_NEAR_THE_ENTRANCE_TO_BETHLEHEM._%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9D.D11-133.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1940</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_perspective">West perspective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: West perspective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muslim_cemetery_Bethlehem_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2016"><img alt="2016" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Muslim_cemetery_Bethlehem_03.jpg/120px-Muslim_cemetery_Bethlehem_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Muslim_cemetery_Bethlehem_03.jpg/180px-Muslim_cemetery_Bethlehem_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Muslim_cemetery_Bethlehem_03.jpg/240px-Muslim_cemetery_Bethlehem_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4333" data-file-height="2973" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2016</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb,_Bethlehem,_from_the_West,_March_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2018"><img alt="2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb%2C_Bethlehem%2C_from_the_West%2C_March_2018.jpg/90px-Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb%2C_Bethlehem%2C_from_the_West%2C_March_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb%2C_Bethlehem%2C_from_the_West%2C_March_2018.jpg/135px-Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb%2C_Bethlehem%2C_from_the_West%2C_March_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb%2C_Bethlehem%2C_from_the_West%2C_March_2018.jpg/180px-Rachel%E2%80%99s_Tomb%2C_Bethlehem%2C_from_the_West%2C_March_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2018</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_perspective">East perspective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: East perspective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_aqueduct_near_Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.16575.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1934–1939"><img alt="1934–1939" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Roman_aqueduct_near_Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.16575.jpg/120px-Roman_aqueduct_near_Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.16575.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Roman_aqueduct_near_Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.16575.jpg/180px-Roman_aqueduct_near_Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.16575.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Roman_aqueduct_near_Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.16575.jpg/240px-Roman_aqueduct_near_Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.16575.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5077" data-file-height="3538" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1934–1939</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raakelinhauta.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1978"><img alt="1978" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Raakelinhauta.png/120px-Raakelinhauta.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Raakelinhauta.png/180px-Raakelinhauta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Raakelinhauta.png/240px-Raakelinhauta.png 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="767" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1978</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li>A 2014 photo from Hebrew Wikipedia:<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_perspective">South perspective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: South perspective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_13447_Rachels_Tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1912"><img alt="1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/PikiWiki_Israel_13447_Rachels_Tomb.jpg/120px-PikiWiki_Israel_13447_Rachels_Tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/PikiWiki_Israel_13447_Rachels_Tomb.jpg/180px-PikiWiki_Israel_13447_Rachels_Tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/PikiWiki_Israel_13447_Rachels_Tomb.jpg/240px-PikiWiki_Israel_13447_Rachels_Tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="419" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1912</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Bethlehem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unknown"><img alt="Unknown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Bethlehem.jpg/120px-Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Bethlehem.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Bethlehem.jpg/180px-Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Bethlehem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Bethlehem.jpg/240px-Tomb_of_Rachel_in_Bethlehem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unknown</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.09188.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="1898–1946"><img alt="1898–1946" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.09188.tif/lossy-page1-120px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.09188.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.09188.tif/lossy-page1-180px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.09188.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.09188.tif/lossy-page1-240px-Rachel%27s_Tomb_LOC_matpc.09188.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5772" data-file-height="4303" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1898–1946</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1930s"><img alt="1930s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s.jpg/120px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s.jpg/180px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s.jpg/240px-Rachel%27s_tomb_1930s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1930s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:131011_11403%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1940s?"><img alt="1940s?" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/131011_11403%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94.jpg/120px-131011_11403%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/131011_11403%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94.jpg/180px-131011_11403%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/131011_11403%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94.jpg/240px-131011_11403%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1790" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1940s?</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%E2%80%99s_tomb_2018,_close_up.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2018"><img alt="2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rachel%E2%80%99s_tomb_2018%2C_close_up.jpg/120px-Rachel%E2%80%99s_tomb_2018%2C_close_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rachel%E2%80%99s_tomb_2018%2C_close_up.jpg/180px-Rachel%E2%80%99s_tomb_2018%2C_close_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Rachel%E2%80%99s_tomb_2018%2C_close_up.jpg/240px-Rachel%E2%80%99s_tomb_2018%2C_close_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1451" data-file-height="844" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2018</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South-east_perspective">South-east perspective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: South-east perspective"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachel%27s_Tomb,_near_Bethlehem,_1891.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1891"><img alt="1891" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_near_Bethlehem%2C_1891.jpg/120px-Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_near_Bethlehem%2C_1891.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_near_Bethlehem%2C_1891.jpg/180px-Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_near_Bethlehem%2C_1891.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_near_Bethlehem%2C_1891.jpg/240px-Rachel%27s_Tomb%2C_near_Bethlehem%2C_1891.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1891</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_4649_Rachels_Tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1934"><img alt="1934" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/PikiWiki_Israel_4649_Rachels_Tomb.jpg/115px-PikiWiki_Israel_4649_Rachels_Tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/PikiWiki_Israel_4649_Rachels_Tomb.jpg/172px-PikiWiki_Israel_4649_Rachels_Tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/PikiWiki_Israel_4649_Rachels_Tomb.jpg/230px-PikiWiki_Israel_4649_Rachels_Tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="913" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1934</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All material from the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Firkovich" title="Abraham Firkovich">Firkovich library</a> must be cited with caution, as many of the manuscripts are forged.</span> </li> </ol></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BregerReiter2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BregerReiter2013_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BregerReiter2013_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BregerReiter2013_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BregerReiter2013_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BregerReiter2013_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BregerReiter2013_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBregerReiterHammer2013">Breger, Reiter & Hammer 2013</a>, p. 12: "Rachel’s Tomb was originally assigned to Palestinian Area A under the 28 September 1995 Israel–Palestine Interim Accords and thus came under full Palestinian responsibility for internal security, public order and civil affairs. Annex I, Article 5 provided that "during the Interim Period" Israel will have security control of the road leading to the Tomb and may place guards at the Tomb. On 11 September 2002, the Israeli security cabinet approved placing Rachel's Tomb on the Jerusalem side of the Security Wall, thus placing Rachel's Tomb within the "Jerusalem Security Envelope," and de facto annexing it to Jerusalem."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gn-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gn_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gn_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gn_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gn_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarbajosa2010" class="citation news cs1">Carbajosa, Ana (29 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/29/religious-site-israel-united-nations">"Holy site sparks row between Israel and UN"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Holy+site+sparks+row+between+Israel+and+UN&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.aulast=Carbajosa&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Foct%2F29%2Freligious-site-israel-united-nations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hz-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hz_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israel-clashes-with-unesco-in-row-over-holy-sites-1.322758">"Israel clashes with UNESCO in row over holy sites"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. 2010-11-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israel+clashes+with+UNESCO+in+row+over+holy+sites&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomacy-defense%2Fisrael-clashes-with-unesco-in-row-over-holy-sites-1.322758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strickert72-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strickert72_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strickert72_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strickert72_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, p. 72: “Rather than being content with half a dozen or even a full dozen witnesses, we have tried to compile as many sources as possible. During the Roman and Byzantine era, when Christians dominated there was really not much attention given to Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem. It was only when the Muslims took control that the shrine became an important site. Yet it was rarely considered a shrine exclusive to one religion. To be sure, most of the witnesses were Christian, yet there were also Jewish and Muslim visitors to the tomb. Equally important, the Christian witnesses call attention to the devotion shown to the shrine throughout much of this period by local Muslims and then later also by Jews. As far as the building itself, it appears to be a cooperative venture. There is absolutely no evidence of a pillar erected by Jacob. The earliest form of the structure was that of a pyramid typical of Roman period architecture. Improvements were made first by Crusader Christians a thousand years later, then Muslims in several stages, and finally by the Jewish philanthropist Moses Montefiore in the nineteenth century. If there is one lesson to be learned, it is that this is a shrine held in esteem equally by Jews, Muslims, and Christians. As far as authenticity we are on shaky ground. It may be that the current shrine has physical roots in the biblical era. However, the evidence points to the appropriation of a tomb from the Herod family. If there was a memorial to Rachel in Bethlehem during the late biblical era, it was likely not at the current site of Rachel's Tomb.”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConder,_C._R.1877" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder" title="Claude Reignier Conder">Conder, C. R.</a> (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme09pale">"The Moslem Mukams"</a>. <i>Quarterly Statement – Palestine Exploration Fund</i>. <b>9</b> (3): 89–103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fpeq.1877.9.3.89">10.1179/peq.1877.9.3.89</a>. <q>Alone and separated from the family sepulchre, the little "dome of Rachel " stands between Jerusalem and Bethlehem. The Kubbeh itself is modern, and has been repaired of late years. In 700 A.D. Arculphus saw only a pyramid, which was also visited by Benjamin of Tudela in1160 A.D., and perhaps by Sanuto in 1322 A.D. The site has been disputed on account of the expression (1 Sam. x. 2) " in the border of Benjamin," and there can be no doubt that the Kubbet Rahil never was on or very near this border. The Vulgate translation, however, seems perhaps to do away with this difficulty, and as Rachel's tomb was only "a little way" from Ephrath, "which is Bethlehem" (Gen. xxxv. 16–19), and the tradition is of great antiquity, there is no very good reason for rejecting it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Statement+%E2%80%93+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=The+Moslem+Mukams&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=89-103&rft.date=1877&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fpeq.1877.9.3.89&rft.au=Conder%2C+C.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquarterlystateme09pale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangton2014" class="citation book cs1">Langton, Edward (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RT2QBAAAQBAJ"><i>Good and Evil Spirits: A Study of the Jewish and Christian Doctrine, Its Origin and Development</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62564-991-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62564-991-1"><bdi>978-1-62564-991-1</bdi></a>. <q>In ancient Israel a sacred tree was a necessary adjunct of an altar. Another adjunct was a pillar (mazzebah). In several instances a grave is said to be marked by the setting up of such a pillar. Thus concerning the burial of Rachel it is said, "And Jacob set up a pillar upon her grave: the same is the Pillar of Rachel's grave unto this day" (Gen. xxxv. 20; cf. 1 Sam. x. 2) There appears to be no reason for doubt that in all these cases the graves were places of worship, which at a later date were adapted to the worship of Yahweh.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Good+and+Evil+Spirits%3A+A+Study+of+the+Jewish+and+Christian+Doctrine%2C+Its+Origin+and+Development&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-62564-991-1&rft.aulast=Langton&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRT2QBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14441-tombs">"Tombs"</a>. <i>www.jewishencyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-30</span></span>. <q>Desecration of a tomb was regarded as a grievous sin, and in ancient times the sanctity of the grave was evidenced by the fact that it was chosen as a place of worship, thus explaining the circumstance that a sacred stone ("maẓẓebah") was set on Rachel's grave, and that sacred trees or stones always stood near the tombs of the righteous.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishencyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Tombs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F14441-tombs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Starr_Sered" title="Susan Starr Sered">Sered</a>, Rachel's tomb: Societal liminality and the revitalization of a shrine, Religion, January 1989, Vol.19(1):27–40, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0048-721X%2889%2990075-4">10.1016/0048-721X(89)90075-4</a>, p. 30, "Although the references in Jeremiah and in Genesis 35:22 perhaps hint at the existence of an early cult of some sort at her Tomb, the first concrete evidence of pilgrimage to Rachel's Tomb appears in reports of Christian pilgrims from the first centuries of the Christian Era and Jewish pilgrims from approximately the 10th century. However, in almost all of the pilgrims' records the references to Rachel'sTomb are incidental – it is one more shrine on the road from Bethlehem to Jerusalem. Rachel's Tomb continued to appear as a minor shrine in the itineraries of Jewish and Christian pilgrims through the early 20th century."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200748-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200748_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200768ff-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200768ff_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, pp. 68ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowman, 2015, p. 34: "Jachintus's mention of a Christian cemetery surrounding the tomb suggests that for Bethlehemites – exclusively Christian up until the late eighteenth century – the biblical site on the outskirts of the city was blessed by the presence of a nurturing saint likely to help those buried in her vicinity to achieve salvation. By the fifteenth century, according to the pilgrim Johannes Poloner, Muslims, most likely from surrounding Muslim villages, were being buried on the southern side of the shrine. Increasingly the cemetery surrounding the tomb became Muslim. In 1839, Mary Damer described bedouin burying a shaykh in the graveyard, while in 1853 James Finn wrote of witnessing Bethlehem Muslims “burying one of their dead near the spot". Philip Baldensperger, a resident of nearby Artas between 1856 and 1892, wrote of Rachel's Tomb in his Immovable East that "a number of Bedawin, men and women, were assembled there for a funeral service, for the Bedawin of the desert of Judah all bury their dead near Rachel's sanctuary as their forefathers the Israelites of old did around their sanctuaries." Christian burial in the Tomb's vicinity had dropped off by the mid-nineteenth century”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cust-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cust_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cust_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cust_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cust_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cust_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCust1929" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lionel_George_Archer_Cust" class="mw-redirect" title="Lionel George Archer Cust">Cust, L. G. A.</a> (1929). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Status_Quo_in_the_Holy_Places"><i>The Status Quo in the Holy Places</i></a>. H.M.S.O. for the High Commissioner of the Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Status+Quo+in+the+Holy+Places&rft.pub=H.M.S.O.+for+the+High+Commissioner+of+the+Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Cust&rft.aufirst=L.+G.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Status_Quo_in_the_Holy_Places&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span>, page 47: "The Jews claim possession of the Tomb as they hold the keys and by virtue of the fact that the building which had fallen into complete decay was entirely rebuilt in 1845 by Sir M. Montefiore. It is also asserted that in 1615 Muhammad, Pasha of Jerusalem, rebuilt the Tomb on their behalf, and by firman granted them the exclusive use of it. The Moslems, on the other hand, claim the ownership of the building as being a place of prayer for Moslems of the neighbourhood, and an integral part of the Moslem cemetery within whose precincts it lies. They state that the Turkish Government recognised it as such, and sent an embroidered covering with Arabic inscriptions for the sarcophagus; again, that it is included among the Tombs of the Prophets for which identity signboards were provided by the Ministry of Waqfs in 1328. A.H. In consequence, objection is made to any repair of the building by the Jews, though free access is allowed to it at all times. From local evidence it appears that the keys were obtained by the Jews from the last Moslem guardian, by name Osman Ibrahim al Atayat, some 80 years ago. This would be at the time of the restoration by Sir Moses Montefiore. It is also stated that the antechamber was specially built, at the time of the restoration, as a place of prayer for the Moslems."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHovannisian2000" class="citation book cs1">Hovannisian, Richard G. (2000). Georges, Sabagh (ed.). <i>Religion and Culture in Medieval Islam</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-62350-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-62350-6"><bdi>978-0-521-62350-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Culture+in+Medieval+Islam&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-62350-6&rft.aulast=Hovannisian&rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gilbert1985-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gilbert1985_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gilbert1985_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Gilbert1985" class="citation book cs1">Martin Gilbert (1985). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jerusalemrebirth0000gilb"><i>Jerusalem: rebirth of a city</i></a></span>. Viking. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jerusalemrebirth0000gilb/page/25">25</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-80789-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-80789-5"><bdi>978-0-670-80789-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2011</span>. <q>Rachel's tomb has been a place of Jewish pilgrimage even before the Roman destruction of Jerusalem.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem%3A+rebirth+of+a+city&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-670-80789-5&rft.au=Martin+Gilbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjerusalemrebirth0000gilb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Starr_Sered" title="Susan Starr Sered">Sered</a>, "Rachel's Tomb: The Development of a Cult." Jewish Studies Quarterly 2, no. 2 (1995): 103–48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/40753126">http://www.jstor.org/stable/40753126</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, p. 48: "At the same time, the location of Rachel's Tomb plays an important role for mystics, along with Jerusalem's Western Wall and Hebron's Machpelah cave, as one of the three holiest sites of Jewish pilgrimage."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?cd=3&id=araFAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22rachel%27s+tomb%22+%22third+holiest%22&q=+%22third+holiest%22">Israel yearbook on human rights, Volume 36</a>, Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University, 2006. p. 324</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPullan2013" class="citation journal cs1">Pullan, Wendy (2013-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/254782">"Bible and Gun: Militarism in Jerusalem's Holy Places"</a>. <i>Space and Polity</i>. <b>17</b> (3): 335–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13562576.2013.853490">10.1080/13562576.2013.853490</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1356-2576">1356-2576</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143673339">143673339</a>. <q>The Western Wall is undisputedly Judaism's holiest shrine and Rachel's Tomb has been described as the religion's second or third holiest place (the discrepancy seems to come from self-appointed guardians.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space+and+Polity&rft.atitle=Bible+and+Gun%3A+Militarism+in+Jerusalem%27s+Holy+Places&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=335-56&rft.date=2013-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143673339%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1356-2576&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13562576.2013.853490&rft.aulast=Pullan&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.repository.cam.ac.uk%2Fhandle%2F1810%2F254782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Meron_Benvenisti" title="Meron Benvenisti">Meron Benvenisti</a>, <i>Son of the Cypresses: Memories, Reflections, and Regrets from a Political Life,</i>University of California Press, 2007 p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selwyn-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Selwyn_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selwyn_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selwyn_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selwyn_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selwyn_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Selwyn_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Selwyn" class="citation book cs1">Tom Selwyn. <i>Contested Mediterranean Spaces: The Case of Rachel's Tomb, Bethlehem, Palestine</i>. <a href="/wiki/Berghahn_Books" title="Berghahn Books">Berghahn Books</a>. pp. 276–78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Mediterranean+Spaces%3A+The+Case+of+Rachel%27s+Tomb%2C+Bethlehem%2C+Palestine&rft.pages=276-78&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.au=Tom+Selwyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittingham1921" class="citation book cs1">Whittingham, George Napier (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5pRAAAAAYAAJ&q=Montefiore+mihrab"><i>The Home of Fadeless Splendour: Or, Palestine of Today</i></a>. Dutton. p. 314.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Home+of+Fadeless+Splendour%3A+Or%2C+Palestine+of+Today&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=Dutton&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Whittingham&rft.aufirst=George+Napier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5pRAAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DMontefiore%2Bmihrab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span> "In 1841 Montefiore obtained for the Jews the key of the Tomb, and to conciliate Moslem susceptibility, added a square vestibule with a mihrab as a place of prayer for Moslems."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNJC-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNJC_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNJC_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNJC_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNJC_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNJC_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNJC_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604141101/http://www.mideastweb.org/un_palestine_holy_places_1.htm">"United Nations Conciliation Commission For Palestine: Committee on Jerusalem. (April 8, 1949)"</a>. <i>www.mideastweb.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mideastweb.org/un_palestine_holy_places_1.htm">the original</a> on June 4, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mideastweb.org&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Conciliation+Commission+For+Palestine%3A+Committee+on+Jerusalem.+%28April+8%2C+1949%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mideastweb.org%2Fun_palestine_holy_places_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RG-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RG_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RG_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Jacobs, Shirley Eber, Francesca Silvani. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TRc9ea_CKOUC&pg=PA395">Israel and the Palestinian territories</a>, Rough Guides, 1998. p. 395. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85828-248-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85828-248-9">1-85828-248-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wendy Pullan,<i>Bible and Gun: Militarism in Jerusalem's Holy Places,</i> 2013, page 16: "In legal terms its location is heavily contested; it was to have been returned to Palestine under the Oslo agreements but in 1995, under pressure from settlers and religious groups, Israel decided to retain it. Since then this important Jewish holy place has been made into a high-profile national religious shrine, referred to by its devotees as either the second or third holiest place in Judaism. The uncertainty about its status stems from different competing interest groups, but the ranking also indicates a recently revived and politically motivated place in the Jewish pantheon. The site's religious status and political value have resulted in extraordinary defensive measures being adopted. Today, the Tomb is completely enveloped by the concrete separation barrier making it available to Israeli Jews and tourists coming from Jerusalem in approved vehicles, but inaccessible to Palestinians. It has become a military zone, literally an urban fortress."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007134–37-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007134–37_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, pp. 134–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/wall-annexes-rachel-s-tomb-imprisons-palestinian-families-1.128118">"Wall annexes Rachel's Tomb, imprisons Palestinian families – Haaretz – Israel News"</a>. Haaretz.com. 2019-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wall+annexes+Rachel%27s+Tomb%2C+imprisons+Palestinian+families+%E2%80%93+Haaretz+%E2%80%93+Israel+News&rft.pub=Haaretz.com&rft.date=2019-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Ffeatures%2Fwall-annexes-rachel-s-tomb-imprisons-palestinian-families-1.128118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Westra2011-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Westra2011_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestra2011" class="citation book cs1">Westra, Laura (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sM-JNErQ7SIC&pg=PA147"><i>Globalization, Violence and World Governance</i></a>. Brill. pp. 147–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20133-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-20133-0"><bdi>978-90-04-20133-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Globalization%2C+Violence+and+World+Governance&rft.pages=147-&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-04-20133-0&rft.aulast=Westra&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsM-JNErQ7SIC%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UNESCO (19 March 2010), 184 EX/37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.681663">"UN cultural heritage body condemns Israeli handling of Jerusalem holy sites – Israel News"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. Haaretz.com. 2015-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=UN+cultural+heritage+body+condemns+Israeli+handling+of+Jerusalem+holy+sites+%E2%80%93+Israel+News&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F1.681663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-places-barrier-near-rachel-tombs-in-west-bank/">Times of Israel, 22 October 2015</a>: "Israeli soldiers on Thursday placed a concrete barrier near a Jewish holy site in the West Bank, ahead of a religious pilgrimage there this weekend." and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/police-find-disarm-pipe-bomb-near-rachels-tomb/">Times of Israel, August 2016</a>: "In October, the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> installed a series of concrete barriers around the tomb, effectively separating it from the rest of Bethlehem."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200757,_64-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200757,_64_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, pp. 57, 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200720-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200720_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, p. 20: "In the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> translation, Bethlehem is also given but the order of the verses is changed because of geographical difficulties."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Selwyn, 'Tears on the Border: The Case of Rachel's Tomb, Bethlehem, Palestine,' in Maria Kousis, Tom Selwyn, David Clark, (eds.)<i>Contested Mediterranean Spaces: Ethnographic Essays in Honour of Charles Tilly,</i> Berghahn Books 2011 pp. 276–95 [279]:'Macalister claims that in the earliest versions of Genesis it is written .. that Rachel was buried in Ephrathah, not Ephrath, and that this name refers to the village of Ramah, now er-Ram, near Himzeh to the north of Jerusalem.'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zecharia Kallai, 'Rachel's Tomb: A Historiographical Review,' in <i>Vielseitigkeit des Altes Testaments,</i> Peter Lang, Frankfurt 1999 pp. 215–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jules Francis Gomes, <i>The Sanctuary of Bethel and the Configuration of Israelite Identity,</i> Walter de Gruyter, 2006 p. 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Blenkinsopp" title="Joseph Blenkinsopp">J.Blenkinsopp</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1zi2i_C1aNkC&dq=Rachel%27s+Tomb+location&pg=PA631">'Benjamin Traditions read in the Early Persian Period,'</a> in Oded Lipschitz, Manfred Oeming (eds.), <i>Judah and the Judeans in the Persian period,</i> Eisenbrauns, 2006 pp. 629–46 [630–31]. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57506-104-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-57506-104-X">1-57506-104-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200761–62-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200761–62_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, pp. 61–62: "one must conclude that Rachel's tomb was located near Ramah... During the time of the monarchy, from the anointing of Saul to the beginning of exile (1040–596 B.C.E.), Rachel's tomb was understood to be located in the north near Ramah."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Blenkinsopp" title="Joseph Blenkinsopp">Blenkinsopp</a>, pp. 630–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jules Francis Gomes,<i>The Sanctuary of Bethel and the Configuration of Israelite Identity,</i> p. 135: 'Rachel's tomb was originally on the border between Benjamin and Joseph. It was later located in Bethlehem as in the gloss on Gen.35:19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>ramah</i> means 'a height'. Most scholars take it to refer to a place-name. Martien Halvorson-Taylor, <i>Enduring Exile: The Metaphorization of Exile in the Hebrew Bible,</i> Brill 2010 p. 75, n.62, thinks the evidence for this is weak, but argues the later witness of Genesis for Bethlehem as Rachel's burial site 'an even more dubious witness to its location'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Toshio_Tsumura" title="David Toshio Tsumura">Tsumura</a>,<i>The First Book of Samuel,</i> Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2007 p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keel-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Keel_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOthmar_Keel,_Max_Küchler1982" class="citation book cs1">Othmar Keel, Max Küchler (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j3jsKqzuP5YC&pg=PA608"><i>Orte und Landschaften der Bibel: ein Handbuch und Studienreiseführer zum Heiligen Land, Band 2: Der Süden</i></a>. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 608, 990, 991. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-525-50167-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-525-50167-2"><bdi>978-3-525-50167-2</bdi></a>. <q>qubur bene-israin</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orte+und+Landschaften+der+Bibel%3A+ein+Handbuch+und+Studienreisef%C3%BChrer+zum+Heiligen+Land%2C+Band+2%3A+Der+S%C3%BCden&rft.pages=608%2C+990%2C+991&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-525-50167-2&rft.au=Othmar+Keel%2C+Max+K%C3%BCchler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj3jsKqzuP5YC%26pg%3DPA608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200769-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200769_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwarz1850-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schwarz1850_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwarz1850_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schwarz, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewish-history.com/Palestine/desert.html">Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch of Palestine</a>, 1850. "It was always believed that this stood over the grave of the beloved wife of Jacob. But about twenty-five years ago, when the structure needed some repairs, they were compelled to dig down at the foot of this monument; and it was then found that it was not erected over the cavity in which the grave of Rachel actually is; but at a little distance from the monument there was discovered an uncommonly deep cavern, the opening and direction of which was not precisely under the superstructure in question."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCKJ-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CCKJ_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CCKJ_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CCKJ_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CCKJ_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CCKJ_45-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CCKJ_45-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CCKJ_45-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CCKJ_45-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pringle, 1998, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC&pg=PA176">176</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3001108.htm">"CHURCH FATHERS: Letter 108 (Jerome)"</a>. <i>www.newadvent.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newadvent.org&rft.atitle=CHURCH+FATHERS%3A+Letter+108+%28Jerome%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F3001108.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon1999[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidEPFDU8POrXICpgPA177_177]-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon1999[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidEPFDU8POrXICpgPA177_177]_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSharon1999">Sharon 1999</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&pg=PA177">177</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalestine_Pilgrims'_Text_Society_(LondonWhite1885" class="citation book cs1">Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society (London, England); White, Andrew Dickson (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924028534232/page/n43"><i>The library of the Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society</i></a>. Cornell University Library. London, Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+library+of+the+Palestine+Pilgrims%27+Text+Society&rft.pub=London%2C+Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1885&rft.aulast=Palestine+Pilgrims%27+Text+Society+%28London&rft.aufirst=England%29&rft.au=White%2C+Andrew+Dickson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924028534232%2Fpage%2Fn43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.sds.ox.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/E06086_Adomn_n_in_his_On_the_Holy_Places_reports_the_recent_visit_of_the_Franco-Gallic_bishop_Arculf_to_the_tomb_of_Rachel_wife_of_the_Old_Testament_patriarch_Jacob_S00701_between_Bethlehem_and_Hebron_Palestine_Written_in_Latin_at_Iona_nort/13878623">"E06086: Adomnán, in his On the Holy Places, reports the recent visit of the Franco-Gallic bishop Arculf to the tomb of *Rachel (wife of the Old Testament patriarch Jacob, S00701), between Bethlehem and Hebron (Palestine). Written in Latin at Iona (north-west Britain), possibly 683/689"</a>. <i>figshare</i>. 2018-08-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=figshare&rft.atitle=E06086%3A+Adomn%C3%A1n%2C+in+his+On+the+Holy+Places%2C+reports+the+recent+visit+of+the+Franco-Gallic+bishop+Arculf+to+the+tomb+of+%2ARachel+%28wife+of+the+Old+Testament+patriarch+Jacob%2C+S00701%29%2C+between+Bethlehem+and+Hebron+%28Palestine%29.+Written+in+Latin+at+Iona+%28north-west+Britain%29%2C+possibly+683%2F689.&rft.date=2018-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportal.sds.ox.ac.uk%2Farticles%2Fonline_resource%2FE06086_Adomn_n_in_his_On_the_Holy_Places_reports_the_recent_visit_of_the_Franco-Gallic_bishop_Arculf_to_the_tomb_of_Rachel_wife_of_the_Old_Testament_patriarch_Jacob_S00701_between_Bethlehem_and_Hebron_Palestine_Written_in_Latin_at_Iona_nort%2F13878623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTobler1877" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tobler, Titus (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K7LrNuNjInAC&pg=PA223"><i>Itinera hierosolymitana et descriptiones Terrae Sanctae bellis sacris anteriora & latina lingua exarata sumptibus Societatis illustrandis Orientis latini monumentis</i></a> (in Latin). J.-G. Fick.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Itinera+hierosolymitana+et+descriptiones+Terrae+Sanctae+bellis+sacris+anteriora+%26+latina+lingua+exarata+sumptibus+Societatis+illustrandis+Orientis+latini+monumentis&rft.pub=J.-G.+Fick.&rft.date=1877&rft.aulast=Tobler&rft.aufirst=Titus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK7LrNuNjInAC%26pg%3DPA223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon1999177-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon1999177_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSharon1999">Sharon 1999</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Strange1890[httpsarchiveorgstreampalestineundermo00lestuoftpage299mode1up_299]-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Strange1890[httpsarchiveorgstreampalestineundermo00lestuoftpage299mode1up_299]_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Strange1890">Le Strange 1890</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/299/mode/1up">299</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngland)1897" class="citation book cs1">England), Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society (London (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=56_JUWHxdYcC&pg=RA63"><i>The Library of the Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society</i></a>. Committee for the Palestine Exploration Fund. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-404-04890-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-404-04890-7"><bdi>978-0-404-04890-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Library+of+the+Palestine+Pilgrims%27+Text+Society&rft.pub=Committee+for+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1897&rft.isbn=978-0-404-04890-7&rft.aulast=England%29&rft.aufirst=Palestine+Pilgrims%27+Text+Society+%28London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D56_JUWHxdYcC%26pg%3DRA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCucci2024" class="citation journal cs1">Cucci, Costanza (2024-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/123770907">"The Non-Invasive Spectroscopic Study of a Parchment Object from the National Central Library of Florence: The Hebrew Scroll"</a>. <i>Heritage</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heritage&rft.atitle=The+Non-Invasive+Spectroscopic+Study+of+a+Parchment+Object+from+the+National+Central+Library+of+Florence%3A+The+Hebrew+Scroll&rft.date=2024-01-01&rft.aulast=Cucci&rft.aufirst=Costanza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F123770907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vdw_AQAAIAAJ"><i>Jewish Studies Quarterly: JSQ</i></a>. Mohr (Paul Siebeck). 1994. p. 107. <q>Benjamin of Tudela ( 1170 C.E.) was the first Jewish pilgrim to describe his visit to Rachel's Tomb.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Studies+Quarterly%3A+JSQ.&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Mohr+%28Paul+Siebeck%29&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvdw_AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Midrash_Lekach_Tov,_Genesis.35.20.1">"Midrash Lekach Tov, Genesis 35:20:1"</a>. <i>www.sefaria.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sefaria.org&rft.atitle=Midrash+Lekach+Tov%2C+Genesis+35%3A20%3A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FMidrash_Lekach_Tov%2C_Genesis.35.20.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTudela)Adler1907" class="citation book cs1">Tudela), Benjamin (of; Adler, Marcus Nathan (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LWErzRkDnKUC&pg=PA25"><i>The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela: Critical Text, Translation and Commentary</i></a>. Henry Frowde. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8370-2263-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8370-2263-5"><bdi>978-0-8370-2263-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Itinerary+of+Benjamin+of+Tudela%3A+Critical+Text%2C+Translation+and+Commentary&rft.pub=Henry+Frowde&rft.date=1907&rft.isbn=978-0-8370-2263-5&rft.aulast=Tudela%29&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+%28of&rft.au=Adler%2C+Marcus+Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLWErzRkDnKUC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaari" class="citation web cs1">Yaari, Abraham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hebrewbooks.org/36832">"מסעות ארץ ישראל"</a>. <i>www.hebrewbooks.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hebrewbooks.org&rft.atitle=%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C&rft.aulast=Yaari&rft.aufirst=Abraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hebrewbooks.org%2F36832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRöhricht1890" class="citation journal cs1">Röhricht, Reinhold (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27928564">"Antonius de Cremona, Itinerarium ad Sepulerum Domini (1327, 1330)"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins</i>. <b>13</b>: 160. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2192-3124">2192-3124</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27928564">27928564</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+des+Deutschen+Pal%C3%A4stina-Vereins&rft.atitle=Antonius+de+Cremona%2C+Itinerarium+ad+Sepulerum+Domini+%281327%2C+1330%29&rft.volume=13&rft.pages=160&rft.date=1890&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27928564%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=2192-3124&rft.aulast=R%C3%B6hricht&rft.aufirst=Reinhold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27928564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LON BL Add. 27125 f. 145r. See ריינר, אלחנן, "מפי בני מערבה: על דרכי רישומה של מסורת המקומות הקדושים בארץ-ישראל בימי הביניים", בתוך: <i>מנחה שלוחה: תיאורי מקומות קדושים בידי אמנים יהודים</i>, מוזיאון ישראל, ירושלים, 2002 p. 13. Others (צוקר, יחוס האבות, עמ' 205-203, אילן, קברי צדיקים, עמ' 133-131) maintain that the MS itself is 16th-century and merely copied from an older document.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Poggibonsi, 1881, vol 1, "Libro d'oltramare", p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/librodoltramared01nicc/page/213/mode/1up">213</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhitrovo1889" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Khitrovo, Sofii︠a︡ Petrovna (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=saJTI8bxDgIC&pg=PA217"><i>Itinéraires russes en Orient</i></a> (in French). Imprimerie J.-G. Fick.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Itin%C3%A9raires+russes+en+Orient&rft.pub=Imprimerie+J.-G.+Fick&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Khitrovo&rft.aufirst=Sofii%EF%B8%A0a%EF%B8%A1+Petrovna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsaJTI8bxDgIC%26pg%3DPA217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fabri547-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fabri547_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fabri547_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fabri, 1896, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/libraryofpalesti08paleuoft#page/547/mode/1up">547</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lamdan2000-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lamdan2000_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuth_Lamdan2000" class="citation book cs1">Ruth Lamdan (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OKlYce7f8iAC&pg=PA84"><i>A separate people: Jewish women in Palestine, Syria, and Egypt in the sixteenth century</i></a>. Brill. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11747-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11747-1"><bdi>978-90-04-11747-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+separate+people%3A+Jewish+women+in+Palestine%2C+Syria%2C+and+Egypt+in+the+sixteenth+century&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11747-1&rft.au=Ruth+Lamdan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOKlYce7f8iAC%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Everson-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Everson_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=furi5PakHW4C&pg=PA57">Reflections of God's Holy Land: A Personal Journey Through Israel</a>, Thomas Nelson Inc, 2008. p. 57. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8499-1956-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8499-1956-8">0-8499-1956-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/canonpietrocasol00casouoft/canonpietrocasol00casouoft_djvu.txt">"Further on, near to Bethlehem, I saw the sepulchre of Rachel, the wife of the Patriarch Jacob, who died in childbirth. It is beautiful and much honoured by the Moors"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Further+on%2C+near+to+Bethlehem%2C+I+saw+the+sepulchre+of+Rachel%2C+the+wife+of+the+Patriarch+Jacob%2C+who+died+in+childbirth.+It+is+beautiful+and+much+honoured+by+the+Moors.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcanonpietrocasol00casouoft%2Fcanonpietrocasol00casouoft_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hebrewbooks.org/20677">"HebrewBooks.org Sefer Detail: אגרות ארץ ישראל -- יערי, אברהם, 1899-1966"</a>. <i>hebrewbooks.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hebrewbooks.org&rft.atitle=HebrewBooks.org+Sefer+Detail%3A+%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C+--+%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%2C+%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%9D%2C+1899-1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhebrewbooks.org%2F20677&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-din-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-din_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mujir al-Dyn, 1876, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/histoiredejrus00ulayuoft#page/202/mode/1up">202</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBianco1566" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bianco, Noè (1566). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b_fvqJ0A5SAC&pg=PA24"><i>Viaggio del reuer. p.f. Noe Bianco Vinitiano della congregation de' Serui, fatto in Terra Santa, & descritto per benificio de' pellegrini, & di chi desidera hauere intera cognition di quei santi luoghi. Con tre tauole .</i></a> (in Italian). presso Giorgio de' Caualli.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Viaggio+del+reuer.+p.f.+Noe+Bianco+Vinitiano+della+congregation+de%27+Serui%2C+fatto+in+Terra+Santa%2C+%26+descritto+per+benificio+de%27+pellegrini%2C+%26+di+chi+desidera+hauere+intera+cognition+di+quei+santi+luoghi.+Con+tre+tauole+..&rft.pub=presso+Giorgio+de%27+Caualli&rft.date=1566&rft.aulast=Bianco&rft.aufirst=No%C3%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db_fvqJ0A5SAC%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zuallart, 1587, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ildevotissimovia00zual#page/227/mode/1up">227</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin1859" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/J._J._Benjamin" title="J. J. Benjamin">Benjamin, J. J.</a> (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MWImaTu4Q_gC&pg=PA5"><i>"ספר" מסעי ישראל: בו יסופר מאחינו בני ישראל ... בארצות אסיה ואפריקה, מצבם המדיני והמוסרי, מדותיהם דעותיהם ומנהגיהם ...</i></a> (in Hebrew). דפוס צ"ה פעטצאלל.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%22+%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%3A+%D7%91%D7%95+%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C+...+%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94%2C+%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99%2C+%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%94%D7%9D+%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%94%D7%9D+%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94%D7%9D+...&rft.pub=%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1+%D7%A6%22%D7%94+%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9C&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Benjamin&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMWImaTu4Q_gC%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span> Cust (1929) reports that the local Jews "asserted . . . 1615", but Benjamin (1859) and Rosanes (1913) give 1625, which is the exact year Eliezer Rivlin (1636) assigns Mehmet Pasha's favor toward the Jews.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCust1929" class="citation book cs1">Cust, L. G. A. (September 1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PFsOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT73"><i>The Status Quo in the Holy Places: Navigating Religious Coexistence: Preserving Sacred Sites in Jerusalem</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Status+Quo+in+the+Holy+Places%3A+Navigating+Religious+Coexistence%3A+Preserving+Sacred+Sites+in+Jerusalem&rft.date=1929-09&rft.aulast=Cust&rft.aufirst=L.+G.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPFsOEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosanes1913" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rosanes, Solomon Abraham (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uTNAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA301">"Rachel"</a>. <i>אוצר ישראל: אנציקלופידיא לכל מקצועות תורת ישראל, ספרותו ודברי ימיו</i> (in Hebrew). Ḥevrat mo.l. Entsiḳolpedya ʻIvrit.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rachel&rft.btitle=%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%3A+%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90+%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C+%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%2C+%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%95+%D7%95%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99+%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95&rft.pub=%E1%B8%A4evrat+mo.l.+Entsi%E1%B8%B3olpedya+%CA%BBIvrit&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Rosanes&rft.aufirst=Solomon+Abraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuTNAAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivlin1636" class="citation web cs1">Rivlin, Eliezer (1636). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hebrewbooks.org/11711">"חרבות ירושלם"</a>. <i>hebrewbooks.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hebrewbooks.org&rft.atitle=%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9D&rft.date=1636&rft.aulast=Rivlin&rft.aufirst=Eliezer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhebrewbooks.org%2F11711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuaresmio1639" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Quaresmio, Francesco (1639). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CrAKMPCOumwC&pg=PA613"><i>Historica theologica et moralis Terrae Sanctae elucidatio: in qua pleraque ad veterem & praesentem eiusdem terrae statum spectantia accuratè explicantur, varij errores refelluntur, veritas fideliter exacteque discutitur ac comprobatur. ... Auctore Fr. Francisco Quaresmio Laudensi, ordinis Minorum theologo, ... Tomus 1. [-2.]</i></a> (in Latin). p. 613. <q>Semper eius memoria conseruata suit: licet enim sacellum suerit aliquando collapsum & demolitum, suit continuò restauratum, ob insignis illius mulieris memoriam, ut ab antiquioribus harum partium accepi, &ex parte vidiatque adeò semper aliquem decorem conseruauit. In facie sacelli verfus viam sunt quædam litteræ in lapide incisæ, sed cuius nam idiomatis ex Orientalibus, non potui dijudicare.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historica+theologica+et+moralis+Terrae+Sanctae+elucidatio%3A+in+qua+pleraque+ad+veterem+%26+praesentem+eiusdem+terrae+statum+spectantia+accurat%C3%A8+explicantur%2C+varij+errores+refelluntur%2C+veritas+fideliter+exacteque+discutitur+ac+comprobatur.+...+Auctore+Fr.+Francisco+Quaresmio+Laudensi%2C+ordinis+Minorum+theologo%2C+...+Tomus+1.+%5B-2.%5D&rft.pages=613&rft.date=1639&rft.aulast=Quaresmio&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCrAKMPCOumwC%26pg%3DPA613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KousisSelwyn2011-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KousisSelwyn2011_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKousisSelwynClark2011" class="citation book cs1">Kousis, Maria; Selwyn, Tom; Clark, David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b2xtn6f8VDoC&pg=PA279"><i>Contested Mediterranean Spaces: Ethnographic Essays in Honour of Charles Tilly</i></a>. Berghahn Books. pp. 279–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85745-133-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85745-133-0"><bdi>978-0-85745-133-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Mediterranean+Spaces%3A+Ethnographic+Essays+in+Honour+of+Charles+Tilly&rft.pages=279-&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-85745-133-0&rft.aulast=Kousis&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Selwyn%2C+Tom&rft.au=Clark%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db2xtn6f8VDoC%26pg%3DPA279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARWWR-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ARWWR_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARWWR_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARWWR_78-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yiddish travelogue printed [<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt am Main</a>?], 1650 under the title דרכי ציון (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/books/NNL_ALEPH990011685900205171/NLI">Link</a>). At the end signed "Moses ben Israel Naftali <a href="/wiki/Z%22L" class="mw-redirect" title="Z"L">Z"L</a> of Prague, who everyone calls Moses ben Hirsch Poryat of Jerusalem" and dated Friday, 1 <a href="/wiki/Adar_Sheni" class="mw-redirect" title="Adar Sheni">Adar Sheni</a>, AM [5]410. Translated into Hebrew by Jacob David Wilhelm and translation published, as edited by Abraham Yaari, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hebrewbooks.org/36832">מסעות ארץ ישראל</a> (1946) p. 267-304. This section retranslated from the Hebrew by <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sered" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan Sered">Susan Sered</a>, "Our Mother Rachel", in Arvind Sharma and Katherine K. Young eds., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SFtJVWnaBQEC&pg=PA21"><i>The Annual Review of Women in World Religions</i> vol IV ( 1991), pp. 21–24</a> [Misidentifies author as "Moses Sureit"]. According to Yaari (1946) p. 267, the author's descendants survive under the name Porges; see also "Poryat" in Simon Hock, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hebrewbooks.org/7022"><i>Families of Prague</i></a> [Hebrew] p. 262-269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_79-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMariti1792" class="citation book cs1">Mariti, Giovanni (1792). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_travels-through-cyprus-_mariti-giovanni_1792_2/page/106"><i>Travels through Cyprus, Syria, and Palestine: with a general history of the Levant. By the Abbé Mariti. Translated from the Italian. ... 1792: Vol 2</i></a>. Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travels+through+Cyprus%2C+Syria%2C+and+Palestine%3A+with+a+general+history+of+the+Levant.+By+the+Abb%C3%A9+Mariti.+Translated+from+the+Italian.+...+1792%3A+Vol+2&rft.date=1792&rft.aulast=Mariti&rft.aufirst=Giovanni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbim_eighteenth-century_travels-through-cyprus-_mariti-giovanni_1792_2%2Fpage%2F106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pococke, 1745, vol 2, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/gri_33125009339611#page/n68/mode/1up">39</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007111-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007111_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFגורןGoren1985" class="citation journal cs1">גורן, חיים; Goren, Haim (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23399921">"An Eighteenth Century Geography: "Sefer Yedei Moshe" by Rabbi Moshe Yerushalmi / ידיעת הארץ במאה הי"ח: 'ספר ידי משה' לר' משה ירושלמי"</a>. <i>Cathedra: For the History of Eretz Israel and Its Yishuv / קתדרה: לתולדות ארץ ישראל ויישובה</i> (34): 75–96. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0334-4657">0334-4657</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23399921">23399921</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cathedra%3A+For+the+History+of+Eretz+Israel+and+Its+Yishuv+%2F+%D7%A7%D7%AA%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94%3A+%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C+%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94&rft.atitle=An+Eighteenth+Century+Geography%3A+%22Sefer+Yedei+Moshe%22+by+Rabbi+Moshe+Yerushalmi+%2F+%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5+%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%99%22%D7%97%3A+%27%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8+%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99+%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%94%27+%D7%9C%D7%A8%27+%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%94+%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99&rft.issue=34&rft.pages=75-96&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23399921%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0334-4657&rft.aulast=%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F&rft.aufirst=%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.au=Goren%2C+Haim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23399921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoade1962" class="citation book cs1">Hoade, Eugene (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guidetoholyland00hoad"><i>Guide to the Holy Land</i></a>. Jerusalem: Franciscan Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Holy+Land&rft.pub=Jerusalem%3A+Franciscan+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Hoade&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguidetoholyland00hoad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span> [Confusion of Pococke (1738)?]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chateaubriand, 1814, vol 1, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/travelsingreecep01chat#page/390/mode/1up">390</a>–91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GUI2AAAAMAAJ&dq=rachel's+tomb+is+located&pg=PA150">The religious miscellany: Volume 3</a> Fleming and Geddes, 1824, p. 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green2012-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Green2012_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Green2012_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbigail_Green2012" class="citation book cs1">Abigail Green (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dGeM6r_YbocC&pg=PT67"><i>Moses Montefiore</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-28314-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-28314-5"><bdi>978-0-674-28314-5</bdi></a>. <q>On the second day of their visit, Amzalak took Montefiore on a tour of communal institutions and Jewish holy places. Judith, meanwhile, set out on a day trip to Bethlehem, stopping at the Tomb of Rachel, which she visited in the company of a group of Jewish women. This desolate, solitary, crumbling ruin, its dome half open to the elements, was a holy site for all Jews. For an infertile woman like Judith it may have had special significance. The Old Testament contains many tales of barren women who were finally able to conceive through divine intervention. The matriarch Rachel was one of them. Indeed, Rachel had been so distressed by her inability to bear children that she went to her husband Jacob and complained, "Give me a child! And if there will be no child, I shall die!" Consequently, the Tomb of Rachel has become a favorite site of religious pilgrimage for infertile Jewish women. It seems strange to associate such a practice with a well-educated Englishwoman like Judith. Yet she must have been more aware of these superstitions than her published diaries indicate, because Judith was the owner of a fertility amulet-written for her by two Sephardi rabbis, whose family were the hereditary guardians of Rachel's Tomb.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moses+Montefiore&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-674-28314-5&rft.au=Abigail+Green&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdGeM6r_YbocC%26pg%3DPT67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007112–13-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007112–13_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, pp. 112–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrP-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BrP_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Robinson, Eli Smith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MIUKXuBj5pkC"><i>Biblical researches in Palestine and the adjacent regions: a journal of travels in the years 1838 & 1852, Volume 1</i></a>, J. Murray, 1856. p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Owen1977-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Owen1977_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Frederick_Owen1977" class="citation book cs1">George Frederick Owen (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lew1z5RKW6kC"><i>The Holy Land</i></a>. Kansas City: Beacon Hill Press. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8341-0489-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8341-0489-1"><bdi>978-0-8341-0489-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2012</span>. <q>In 1841, Sir M. Montefiore purchased the grounds and monument for the Jewish community, added an adjoining prayer vestibule, and reconditioned the entire structure with its white dome and quiet reception or prayer room.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Land&rft.place=Kansas+City&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Beacon+Hill+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8341-0489-1&rft.au=George+Frederick+Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlew1z5RKW6kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowman, 2014, p. 39: “The idea that Moses Montefiore bought the site of Rachel's Tomb in 1841 is widely disseminated but ill-conceived. The notion is variously promoted by religious nationalists associated with the current occupation of the site, but has spread more widely and appears in texts as diverse as <a href="/wiki/Denys_Pringle" title="Denys Pringle">Denys Pringle</a>'s The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem ("the tomb was acquired");59 Davidson and Gitlitz's Pilgrimage from the Ganges to Graceland: An Encyclopedia (Montefiore “bought the site”);60 and Wikipedia (Montefiore “purchased the site”).61 <a href="/wiki/Nadav_Shragai" title="Nadav Shragai">Nadav Shragai</a>, a journalist on the religious right, has written a book in Hebrew on Rachel's Tomb,62 which he has drawn upon in numerous articles, nearly all radical defenses of Jewish rights to the tomb in the face of Palestinian threats. In his work he has claimed that Montefiore's permission to carry out repairs on the site in 1841 confirmed that "the Turkish [sic] authorities ... recognized the place as the holy property of the Jews."63 Meron Benvenisti, a left-leaning politician and writer whose Sacred Landscape (2000) is a landmark study of the erasure and expropriation of Palestinian heritage, also sees Rachel's Tomb as Jewish property, going even further than Shragai in his autobiographical Son of the Cypresses, where he claims that Rachel's Tomb "is one of the few sites in Eretz Israel that have always remained exclusively in Jewish hands."64"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herschell1844-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herschell1844_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidley_Haim_Herschell1844" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Haim_Herschell" title="Ridley Haim Herschell">Ridley Haim Herschell</a> (1844). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/visittomyfatherl00hersiala"><i>A visit to my father-land: being notes of a journey to Syria and Palestine in 1843</i></a>. Unwin. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/visittomyfatherl00hersiala/page/191">191</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+visit+to+my+father-land%3A+being+notes+of+a+journey+to+Syria+and+Palestine+in+1843&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=Unwin&rft.date=1844&rft.au=Ridley+Haim+Herschell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvisittomyfatherl00hersiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bartlett" title="William Henry Bartlett">William Henry Bartlett</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/walksaboutcityen00bart#page/204/mode/1up">Walks about the city and environs of Jerusalem</a>, p. 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whittingham, George Napier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?lr=&cd=9&id=5pRAAAAAYAAJ&dq=Montefiore+mihrab+rachel%27s+tomb&q=Montefiore+mihrab">The home of fadeless splendour: or, Palestine of today</a>, Dutton, 1921. p. 314. "In 1841 Montefiore obtained for the Jews the key of the Tomb, and to conciliate Moslem susceptibility, added a square vestibule with a mihrab as a place of prayer for Moslems."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PGG-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PGG_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PGG_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Linda Kay Davidson, David Martin Gitlitz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YVYkrNhPMQkC&pg=PA511">Pilgrimage: from the Ganges to Graceland : an encyclopedia, Volume 1</a>, ABC-CLIO, 2002, p. 511. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-004-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-004-2">1-57607-004-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Har-El2004-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Har-El2004_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenashe_Har-El2004" class="citation book cs1">Menashe Har-El (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Z2cFY9iGqgC&pg=PA244"><i>Golden Jerusalem</i></a>. Gefen Publishing House Ltd. p. 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-229-254-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-229-254-4"><bdi>978-965-229-254-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Golden+Jerusalem&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Gefen+Publishing+House+Ltd&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-965-229-254-4&rft.au=Menashe+Har-El&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Z2cFY9iGqgC%26pg%3DPA244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EverettLowell1862-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EverettLowell1862_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_EverettJames_Russell_LowellHenry_Cabot_Lodge1862" class="citation book cs1">Edward Everett; James Russell Lowell; Henry Cabot Lodge (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-GECAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA336"><i>The North American review</i></a>. O. Everett. p. 336<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2010</span>. <q>The annual expenses of the Sepharedim…are reckoned to be…5,000 [piasters] for the liberty of visiting Rachel's tomb near Bethlehem [paid as a "backshish" to the Turks for the privilege].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+North+American+review&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=O.+Everett&rft.date=1862&rft.au=Edward+Everett&rft.au=James+Russell+Lowell&rft.au=Henry+Cabot+Lodge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-GECAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City</i>, Yehoshua Ben-Arieh, Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi & St. Martin's Press, 1984, pp. 286–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deutsch2003-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Deutsch2003_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathaniel_Deutsch2003" class="citation book cs1">Nathaniel Deutsch (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K4WylwfJNOoC&pg=PA201"><i>The maiden of Ludmir: a Jewish holy woman and her world</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23191-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23191-7"><bdi>978-0-520-23191-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+maiden+of+Ludmir%3A+a+Jewish+holy+woman+and+her+world&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23191-7&rft.au=Nathaniel+Deutsch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK4WylwfJNOoC%26pg%3DPA201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fathers1868-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fathers1868_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaulist_Fathers1868" class="citation book cs1">Paulist Fathers (1868). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5iUXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA464"><i>Catholic world</i></a>. Paulist Fathers. p. 464<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholic+world&rft.pages=464&rft.pub=Paulist+Fathers&rft.date=1868&rft.au=Paulist+Fathers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5iUXAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ha-YahadutWomen1998-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ha-YahadutWomen1998_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMekhon_Shekhṭer_le-limude_ha-YahadutInternational_Research_Institute_on_Jewish_Women1998" class="citation book cs1">Mekhon Shekhṭer le-limude ha-Yahadut; International Research Institute on Jewish Women (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yaSzAAAAIAAJ"><i>Nashim: a journal of Jewish women's studies & gender issues</i></a>. Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies. p. 12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nashim%3A+a+journal+of+Jewish+women%27s+studies+%26+gender+issues&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Schechter+Institute+of+Jewish+Studies&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Mekhon+Shekh%E1%B9%ADer+le-limude+ha-Yahadut&rft.au=International+Research+Institute+on+Jewish+Women&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyaSzAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blumberg1998-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blumberg1998_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blumberg1998_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold_Blumberg1998" class="citation book cs1">Arnold Blumberg (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofisrael00blum"><i>The history of Israel</i></a></span>. Greenwood Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofisrael00blum/page/17">17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30224-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30224-4"><bdi>978-0-313-30224-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Israel&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30224-4&rft.au=Arnold+Blumberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofisrael00blum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConderKitchener1999-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConderKitchener1999_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/129/mode/1up">129</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bromiley, Geoffrey W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MHbhdA9U5EwC&dq=rachel%27s+tomb+located&pg=PA32">The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Q–Z</a>, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1995 (reprint), [1915]. p. 32. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3784-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3784-0">0-8028-3784-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowman, 2014, p. 35: "Strickert, followed by Aghazarian, Merli, Russo, and Tiemann, sees this as the government's promulgation of the shrine as a "model of a shared site"."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bodenheimer1963-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bodenheimer1963_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMax_Bodenheimer1963" class="citation book cs1">Max Bodenheimer (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SDscAAAAMAAJ"><i>Prelude to Israel: the memoirs of M. I. Bodenheimer</i></a>. T. Yoseloff. p. 327<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2012</span>. <q>The grave of Rachel left me with nothing but sorrowful recollection. It is regrettable that the Jews so neglect their holy places, while in the vicinity of monasteries and of Christian and Moslem places of pilgrimage one finds well-kept gardens. Why does Rachel's tomb lie bare, somber and neglected in a stony desert? As there can be no lack of money about, it can be assumed that the Jews, during the long exile of the Ghetto, lost all sense of beauty and of the significance of impressive monuments and the possibility of surrounding them with gardens.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prelude+to+Israel%3A+the+memoirs+of+M.+I.+Bodenheimer&rft.pages=327&rft.pub=T.+Yoseloff&rft.date=1963&rft.au=Max+Bodenheimer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSDscAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Starr_Sered" title="Susan Starr Sered">Sered</a>, "A Tale of Three Rachels: The Natural Herstory of a Cultural Symbol," in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yaSzAAAAIAAJ&q=%22+contrast,+Rachel's+Tomb+became+explicitly+identified+with+%22"></a></i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yaSzAAAAIAAJ&q=%22+contrast,+Rachel's+Tomb+became+explicitly+identified+with+%22">Nashim: a journal of Jewish women's studies & gender issues, Issues 1–2<i></i></a>, Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies, 1998. "In the 1940s, by contrast, Rachel's Tomb became explicitly identified with the return to Zion, Jewish statehood and Allied victory."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shilo2005-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shilo2005_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargalit_Shilo2005" class="citation book cs1">Margalit Shilo (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8JEPsiBVMOkC&pg=PA32"><i>Princess or prisoner?: Jewish women in Jerusalem, 1840–1914</i></a>. UPNE. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-484-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-484-1"><bdi>978-1-58465-484-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Princess+or+prisoner%3F%3A+Jewish+women+in+Jerusalem%2C+1840%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=UPNE&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58465-484-1&rft.au=Margalit+Shilo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8JEPsiBVMOkC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jill Dubisch, Michael Winkelman, <i>Pilgrimage and Healing,</i> University of Arizona Press, 2005 p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOC-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SOC_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benveniśtî, Mêrôn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ygfujnZiLrwC&dq=rachel%27s+tomb+is+located&pg=PA44">Son of the Cypresses: Memories, Reflections, and Regrets from a Political Life</a>, University of California Press, 2007, pp. 44–45. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-23825-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-23825-7">0-520-23825-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bethlehem.edu/archives/2009/2009_026.shtml">"Bethlehem University Research Project Explores Importance of Rachel's Tomb."</a> <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_University" title="Bethlehem University">Bethlehem University</a>. 4 May 2009. 25 March 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELehrs2013236a-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehrs2013236a_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLehrs2013">Lehrs 2013</a>, p. 236a: "At first Rabin decided that [Rachel’s Tomb] would be in Palestinian territory (Territory A), with free access to Jews and religious-Israeli administration, similar to the arrangement reached over the synagogue in Jericho. This decision aroused vehement reactions on the Israeli political scene, with religious and Haredi (ultraorthodox) public figures forcefully expressing their opposition to it. MK Ravitz called it "insanity and idiocy," MK Porat threatened that it would "lead to an uprising" and MK Vardiger declared that whoever made the decision “needed psychiatric attention." Heavy pressure was exerted by the rabbinical establishment, including Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, Chief Rabbi Yisrael Lau and Rabbi Menachem Porush who, during a meeting with Rabin, burst into tears and told the Prime Minister, “It’s Mama Rochel, how can you give up her grave?”"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELehrs2013236b-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehrs2013236b_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLehrs2013">Lehrs 2013</a>, p. 236b: "Another effort by Israel’s religious right, spearheaded by MK Hanan Porat, to ensure continued Israeli control at Rachel’s Tomb was the establishment of a yeshiva at the Tomb, officially dedicated in July 1995. Porat and his supporters admitted that the yeshiva’s founding was intended to preclude the possibility of Palestinian sovereignty at the site, as they hoped that it would even serve as the basis for a permanent residential community. This may be seen as a typical instance in which a conflict resolution process drove those who opposed it to disrupt the Status Quo at a holy site (possibly leading to confrontation) as a means of presenting negotiators with “facts on the ground” and of exploiting the sensitive issue of the holy site as a tool in a political struggle. At the same time, activists on the right began to seek land for purchase in the area around Rachel’s Tomb as a means of ensuring Israeli territorial contiguity with Jerusalem."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELehrs2013237a-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehrs2013237a_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLehrs2013">Lehrs 2013</a>, p. 237a: "On 17 July 1995 a discussion was held in the Prime Minister’s Office, with the participation of government ministers and the heads of Israel’s security forces. At the meeting it was decided to change the Israeli position and demand that an Israeli force provide security at Rachel’s Tomb, with a joint Israeli–Palestinian patrol securing the access road to it. Religious Affairs Minister <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Shetreet" title="Shimon Shetreet">Shimon Shetreet</a> made a strong impact during the discussion, explaining that Rachel’s Tomb is the second most important holy place in Judaism, and that relinquishing control over it would set a dangerous precedent. This change in the Israeli stance did not satisfy the religious activists, and the National Religious and Ultra-Orthodox expressions of opposition continued with, among other things, a vote of no-confidence in the government due to its “abandonment of Rachel’s Tomb” and a protest march. “We have a minimal demand,” said MK Ravitz, “that a Hebrew woman who wishes to pour out her heart to our Mother Rachel should not have to pass through a Palestinian police force.” Rabin ultimately gave in (Minister Yossi Beilin called this decision “an embarrassing capitulation”) while Peres announced before the Knesset that the access road to Rachel’s Tomb would be under IDF control."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELehrs2013237b-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehrs2013237b_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLehrs2013">Lehrs 2013</a>, p. 237b: "The issue arose during the final stages of the negotiations, and Arafat reacted to the Israeli demand by shouting, “I cannot agree to this! Next to Rachel’s Tomb there is a Muslim cemetery and the holy place is located in Area A and I myself am a descendant of Rachel.” The Palestinians were unable to accept the idea of Israeli control of the main road from Jerusalem to Rachel’s Tomb, which is also one of the main streets of Bethlehem; moreover, proposals that an alternative access road be paved were rejected because they would entail land expropriations and a delay in implementing the agreement. Ultimately, Arafat conceded…"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELehrs2013237c-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehrs2013237c_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLehrs2013">Lehrs 2013</a>, p. 237c.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007135-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert2007135_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, p. 135: "Months later in early 1996, things began to change at rachel’s tomb. My daily taxi rides were diverted through bethlehem side streets while con- struction workers began to change the face of this ancient monument. that historic route taken by several-millennia-worth of travelers was changed per- manently four years later so that traffic no longer passes in front of rachel’s tomb. the renovations took eighteen months and cost well over two million dollars. Part of the reason for the project was to facilitate larger numbers of pilgrims; the prayer area multiplied five-fold. But most of the changes were in the name of security. Thirteen-foot-high security walls now block the view of the well-recognized white dome from all directions but above."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Israel/A-second-desecration-of-Josephs-Tomb">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'A second desecration of Joseph's Tomb'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=%27A+second+desecration+of+Joseph%27s+Tomb%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael%2FA-second-desecration-of-Josephs-Tomb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unrest during the late 1990s: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604153416/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/64144467.html?dids=64144467:64144467&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+21,+1997&author=JON+IMMANUEL+and+ELLI+WOHLGELERNTER+and+news+agencies&pub=Jerusalem+Post&desc=Capital+braces+for+violence&pqatl=google">Capital braces for violence</a>, <i>Jerusalem Post</i>, (March 21, 1997).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=DSNB&d_place=DSNB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F3647F6C3CA89AF&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM">Israelis, Arabs clash in protest near Rachel's tomb</a>, <i>The Deseret News</i>, (May 30, 1997).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130131144818/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/64166397.html?dids=64166397:64166397&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Aug+24,+1997&author=JON+IMMANUEL&pub=Jerusalem+Post&desc=Palestinians+stone+soldiers+by+Rachel's+Tomb&pqatl=google">Palestinians stone soldiers by Rachel's Tomb</a>, <i>Jerusalem Post</i>, (August 24, 1997).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/13/world/world-news-briefs-more-west-bank-tension-as-envoy-meets-arafat.html">More West Bank Tension As Envoy Meets Arafat</a>, <i>New York Times</i>, (September 13, 1998).</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-KousisSelwyn2011b-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KousisSelwyn2011b_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaria_KousisTom_SelwynDavid_Clark2011" class="citation book cs1">Maria Kousis; Tom Selwyn; David Clark (1 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b2xtn6f8VDoC&pg=PA277"><i>Contested Mediterranean Spaces: Ethnographic Essays in Honour of Charles Tilly</i></a>. Berghahn Books. pp. 277–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85745-133-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85745-133-0"><bdi>978-0-85745-133-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Mediterranean+Spaces%3A+Ethnographic+Essays+in+Honour+of+Charles+Tilly&rft.pages=277-&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft.isbn=978-0-85745-133-0&rft.au=Maria+Kousis&rft.au=Tom+Selwyn&rft.au=David+Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db2xtn6f8VDoC%26pg%3DPA277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moyaert2019-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moyaert2019_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarianne_Moyaert2019" class="citation book cs1">Marianne Moyaert (5 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LY2nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA76"><i>Interreligious Relations and the Negotiation of Ritual Boundaries: Explorations in Interrituality</i></a>. Springer. pp. 76–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-05701-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-05701-5"><bdi>978-3-030-05701-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interreligious+Relations+and+the+Negotiation+of+Ritual+Boundaries%3A+Explorations+in+Interrituality&rft.pages=76-&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft.isbn=978-3-030-05701-5&rft.au=Marianne+Moyaert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLY2nDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=447156">"Maan News Agency"</a>. Maannews.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maan+News+Agency&rft.pub=Maannews.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maannews.com%2FContent.aspx%3Fid%3D447156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jef.2017.11.issue-1/jef-2017-0006/jef-2017-0006.pdf">"Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 11 (1): 83–110"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fjef-2017-0006">10.1515/jef-2017-0006</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159706647">159706647</a>. <q>The Arab Educational Institute (AEI), which is a member of the international peace movement Pax Christi, opened the Sumud Story House in 2009. The Sumud Story House is a building located in the Rachel's Tomb Area where Palestinian women from Bethlehem and the neighbouring towns gather weekly to narrate their experiences living in a walled city. These stories have been written and printed on panels posted on the Wall in the Rachel's Tomb Area constituting the Wall Museum.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Journal+of+Ethnology+and+Folkloristics+11+%281%29%3A+83%E2%80%93110&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fjef-2017-0006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159706647%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdownloadpdf%2Fj%2Fjef.2017.11.issue-1%2Fjef-2017-0006%2Fjef-2017-0006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/jq-articles/JQ%2055_The%20Wall%20Museum.pdf">"The "Wall Museum" – Palestinian Stories on the Wall in Bethlehem Rania Murra, Toine Van Teeffelen Jerusalem Quarterly 55 (2013), pp. 93–96: "Once the area around Rachel's Tomb, a pilgrimage place for Muslims, Christians and Jews, was one of the liveliest in Bethlehem. The Hebron Road connected Jerusalem with Bethlehem: its northern section was the busiest street in town. It was the gateway from Jerusalem into Bethlehem. After entering Bethlehem along the main road, visitors either chose the direction to Hebron or the road to the Church of the Nativity. Times have changed. During the 1990s Rachel's Tomb became an Israeli military stronghold with the Jerusalem-Bethlehem checkpoint close by. As such it was a focus of Palestinian protests, especially during the Second Intifada after September 2000. In 2004–05 Israel built walls near the Tomb and a surrounding enclave, both of which it had already annexed to Jerusalem. The Tomb thus became forbidden territory to inhabitants of Bethlehem. In the course of time no less than sixty-four shops, garages, and workshops along the Hebron Road closed their doors. This was not just because of the fighting, shooting and shelling going on during the Second Intifada, but also because the area became desolate as a result of the Wall. Parents warned their children not to visit the area with its imposing 8–9 meter high concrete Wall – almost twice as high as the Berlin Wall."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>palestine-studies.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=palestine-studies.org&rft.atitle=The+%22Wall+Museum%22+%E2%80%93+Palestinian+Stories+on+the+Wall+in+Bethlehem+Rania+Murra%2C+Toine+Van+Teeffelen+Jerusalem+Quarterly+55+%282013%29%2C+pp.+93%E2%80%9396%3A+%22Once+the+area+around+Rachel%27s+Tomb%2C+a+pilgrimage+place+for+Muslims%2C+Christians+and+Jews%2C+was+one+of+the+liveliest+in+Bethlehem.+The+Hebron+Road+connected+Jerusalem+with+Bethlehem%3A+its+northern+section+was+the+busiest+street+in+town.+It+was+the+gateway+from+Jerusalem+into+Bethlehem.+After+entering+Bethlehem+along+the+main+road%2C+visitors+either+chose+the+direction+to+Hebron+or+the+road+to+the+Church+of+the+Nativity.+Times+have+changed.+During+the+1990s+Rachel%27s+Tomb+became+an+Israeli+military+stronghold+with+the+Jerusalem-Bethlehem+checkpoint+close+by.+As+such+it+was+a+focus+of+Palestinian+protests%2C+especially+during+the+Second+Intifada+after+September+2000.+In+2004%E2%80%9305+Israel+built+walls+near+the+Tomb+and+a+surrounding+enclave%2C+both+of+which+it+had+already+annexed+to+Jerusalem.+The+Tomb+thus+became+forbidden+territory+to+inhabitants+of+Bethlehem.+In+the+course+of+time+no+less+than+sixty-four+shops%2C+garages%2C+and+workshops+along+the+Hebron+Road+closed+their+doors.+This+was+not+just+because+of+the+fighting%2C+shooting+and+shelling+going+on+during+the+Second+Intifada%2C+but+also+because+the+area+became+desolate+as+a+result+of+the+Wall.+Parents+warned+their+children+not+to+visit+the+area+with+its+imposing+8%E2%80%939+meter+high+concrete+Wall+%E2%80%93+almost+twice+as+high+as+the+Berlin+Wall.%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestine-studies.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fjq-articles%2FJQ%252055_The%2520Wall%2520Museum.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/u-s-slams-israel-over-designating-heritage-sites-1.263737">"US slams Israel over designating heritage sites"</a>. Associated Press. 2010-02-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+slams+Israel+over+designating+heritage+sites&rft.date=2010-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fu-s-slams-israel-over-designating-heritage-sites-1.263737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HzNA-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HzNA_125-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HzNA_125-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/un-israel-heritage-sites-are-on-palestinian-land-1.266107">"UN: Israel 'heritage sites' are on Palestinian land"</a>. <i>Haaetz</i>. 2010-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaetz&rft.atitle=UN%3A+Israel+%27heritage+sites%27+are+on+Palestinian+land&rft.date=2010-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fun-israel-heritage-sites-are-on-palestinian-land-1.266107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPLD-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JPLD_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=194807">"Rattling The Cage: UNESCO is right, Israel is wrong"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Rattling+The+Cage%3A+UNESCO+is+right%2C+Israel+is+wrong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FOpinion%2FColumnists%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D194807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-israelnationalnews.com-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-israelnationalnews.com_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/140377">"UNESCO Erases Israeli Protests from Rachel's Tomb Protocol"</a>. Israelnationalnews.com. November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Erases+Israeli+Protests+from+Rachel%27s+Tomb+Protocol&rft.pub=Israelnationalnews.com&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F140377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ynetnews.com-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ynetnews.com_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3976770,00.html">PM insists Rachel's Tomb is heritage site</a>, Ynet, 10/29/2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jewish Calendar, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/calendar/view/day.asp%3Ftdate%3D10/27/2012">Passing of Rachel</a>, Chabad.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/special/israel/points_of_interest_cdo/aid/602502/jewish/Rachels-Tomb.htm">"Rachel's Tomb"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rachel%27s+Tomb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chabad.org%2Fspecial%2Fisrael%2Fpoints_of_interest_cdo%2Faid%2F602502%2Fjewish%2FRachels-Tomb.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levy2008-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Levy2008_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryna_Jocheved_Levy2008" class="citation book cs1">Bryna Jocheved Levy (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QlucFJybYKQC&pg=PA59"><i>Waiting for Rain: Reflections at the Turning of the Year</i></a>. Jewish Publication Society. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8276-0841-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8276-0841-2"><bdi>978-0-8276-0841-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waiting+for+Rain%3A+Reflections+at+the+Turning+of+the+Year&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8276-0841-2&rft.au=Bryna+Jocheved+Levy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQlucFJybYKQC%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ḤlavaMunk1998-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ḤlavaMunk1998_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaḥya_ben_Asher_ben_ḤlavaEliyahu_Munk1998" class="citation book cs1">Baḥya ben Asher ben Ḥlava; Eliyahu Munk (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=icXYAAAAMAAJ"><i>Midrash Rabbeinu Bachya, Torah Commentary: Toldot-Vayeshi (pp. 385–738)</i></a>. Sole North American distributor, Lampda Publishers. p. 690<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Midrash+Rabbeinu+Bachya%2C+Torah+Commentary%3A+Toldot-Vayeshi+%28pp.+385%E2%80%93738%29&rft.pages=690&rft.pub=Sole+North+American+distributor%2C+Lampda+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Ba%E1%B8%A5ya+ben+Asher+ben+%E1%B8%A4lava&rft.au=Eliyahu+Munk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DicXYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RAMBANp.545-7-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RAMBANp.545-7_133-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RAMBANp.545-7_133-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramban. Genesis, Volume 2. Mesorah Publications Ltd, 2005. pp. 545–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrickert200732-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrickert200732_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrickert2007">Strickert 2007</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramban. Genesis, Volume 2. Mesorah Publications Ltd, 2005. p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SeredGrotto-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SeredGrotto_136-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SeredGrotto_136-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Starr_Sered" title="Susan Starr Sered">Sered</a>, "Rachel's Tomb and the Milk Grotto of the Virgin Mary: Two Women's Shrines in Bethlehem", <i>Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion</i>, vol 2, 1986, pp. 7–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SeredCult-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SeredCult_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Starr_Sered" title="Susan Starr Sered">Sered</a>, "Rachel's Tomb: The Development of a Cult", <i>Jewish Studies Quarterly</i>, vol 2, 1995, pp. 103–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Review of <i>The Story of Rachel's Tomb</i>, Joshua Schwartz, <i>Jewish Quarterly Review</i> 97.3 (2007) e100–03 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jewish_quarterly_review/v097/97.3schwartz.html">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sharman_Kadish" title="Sharman Kadish">Sharman Kadish</a>, Jewish Heritage in England : An Architectural Guide, English Heritage, 2006, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHershenzon2007" class="citation book cs1">Hershenzon, Gail D. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6jm30MijxaYC&q=Replica+rachel's+tomb"><i>Michigan Memorial Park</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 40–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-5159-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-5159-3"><bdi>978-0-7385-5159-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michigan+Memorial+Park&rft.pages=40-42&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-5159-3&rft.aulast=Hershenzon&rft.aufirst=Gail+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6jm30MijxaYC%26q%3DReplica%2Brachel%27s%2Btomb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDale_Baranowski" class="citation web cs1">Dale Baranowski. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rachelstomb.org/capsulehistory.html">"Capsule History"</a>. Rachelstomb.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Capsule+History&rft.pub=Rachelstomb.org&rft.au=Dale+Baranowski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rachelstomb.org%2Fcapsulehistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaskow2008" class="citation web cs1">Jaskow, Rahel (2008-09-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/rahel_jaskow/2873486352/in/photolist-5nVgL1-5nVgoj-5nQZuz-5nVeFd-8XPPXt-5nR2uT-kxGhh6-vHFhwq-a4Tybn-5nVidw-5xtexA-5nR3dH-5nVno9-qYuov7-MGeAs-4Vd4pF-7pQ3X9-5nR4KD-5nVhsA-agRHtM-7ocCtg-iupkzq-5nR3Wg-brUz24-a9yu2o/">"The approach to Rachel's Tomb | Approaching Rachel's Tomb. I…"</a>. Flickr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+approach+to+Rachel%27s+Tomb+%26%23124%3B+Approaching+Rachel%27s+Tomb.+I%E2%80%A6&rft.pub=Flickr&rft.date=2008-09-19&rft.aulast=Jaskow&rft.aufirst=Rahel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Frahel_jaskow%2F2873486352%2Fin%2Fphotolist-5nVgL1-5nVgoj-5nQZuz-5nVeFd-8XPPXt-5nR2uT-kxGhh6-vHFhwq-a4Tybn-5nVidw-5xtexA-5nR3dH-5nVno9-qYuov7-MGeAs-4Vd4pF-7pQ3X9-5nR4KD-5nVhsA-agRHtM-7ocCtg-iupkzq-5nR3Wg-brUz24-a9yu2o%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Keverachel01.jpg" class="extiw" title="he:קובץ:Keverachel01.jpg">he:קובץ:Keverachel01.jpg</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bowman, Glenn W. 2014. “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7845227/Sharing_and_Exclusion_the_Case_of_Rachels_Tomb">Sharing and Exclusion: The Case of Rachel's Tomb</a>” Jerusalem Quarterly 58 (July): 30–49.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBregerReiterHammer2013" class="citation book cs1">Breger, Marshall J.; Reiter, Yitzhak; Hammer, Leonard (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fs_FFvHDl5UC&pg=PA12">"Introduction: Marshall J. Breger, Yitzhak Reiter and Leonard Hammer"</a>. <i>Sacred Space in Israel and Palestine: Religion and Politics</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-49034-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-49034-7"><bdi>978-1-136-49034-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Marshall+J.+Breger%2C+Yitzhak+Reiter+and+Leonard+Hammer&rft.btitle=Sacred+Space+in+Israel+and+Palestine%3A+Religion+and+Politics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-49034-7&rft.aulast=Breger&rft.aufirst=Marshall+J.&rft.au=Reiter%2C+Yitzhak&rft.au=Hammer%2C+Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfs_FFvHDl5UC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehrs2013" class="citation book cs1">Lehrs, Lior (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fs_FFvHDl5UC&pg=PA12">"Political holiness: Negotiating holy places in Eretz Israel/Palestine, 1937–2003"</a>. In Breger, Marshall J.; Reiter, Yitzhak; Hammer, Leonard (eds.). <i>Sacred Space in Israel and Palestine: Religion and Politics</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-49034-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-49034-7"><bdi>978-1-136-49034-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Political+holiness%3A+Negotiating+holy+places+in+Eretz+Israel%2FPalestine%2C+1937%E2%80%932003&rft.btitle=Sacred+Space+in+Israel+and+Palestine%3A+Religion+and+Politics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-49034-7&rft.aulast=Lehrs&rft.aufirst=Lior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfs_FFvHDl5UC%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChateaubriand1812" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_Chateaubriand" class="mw-redirect" title="François-René Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand, F.-R.</a> (1812). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/travelsingreecep01chat"><i>Travels in Greece, Palestine, Egypt, and Barbary, during the years 1806 and 1807</i></a>. Vol. 1. London: for Henry Colburn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travels+in+Greece%2C+Palestine%2C+Egypt%2C+and+Barbary%2C+during+the+years+1806+and+1807&rft.place=London&rft.pub=for+Henry+Colburn&rft.date=1812&rft.aulast=Chateaubriand&rft.aufirst=F.-R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftravelsingreecep01chat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConderKitchener1883" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder" title="Claude Reignier Conder">Conder, C.R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Kitchener, H. H.</a> (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology</i></a>. Vol. 3. London: <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Memoirs+of+the+Topography%2C+Orography%2C+Hydrography%2C+and+Archaeology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Conder&rft.aufirst=C.R.&rft.au=Kitchener%2C+H.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp03conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabri1896" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Fabri" title="Felix Fabri">Fabri, F.</a> (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libraryofpalesti08paleuoft"><i>Felix Fabri (circa 1480–1483 A.D.) vol I, part II</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Pilgrims%27_Text_Society" title="Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society">Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Felix+Fabri+%28circa+1480%E2%80%931483+A.D.%29+vol+I%2C+part+II&rft.pub=Palestine+Pilgrims%27+Text+Society&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Fabri&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibraryofpalesti08paleuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFed-Dyn1876" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mujir_al-Din" title="Mujir al-Din">ed-Dyn, Moudjir</a> (1876). Sauvaire (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/histoiredejrus00ulayuoft"><i>Histoire de Jérusalem et d'Hébron depuis Abraham jusqu'à la fin du XVe siècle de J.-C. : fragments de la Chronique de Moudjir-ed-dyn</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+J%C3%A9rusalem+et+d%27H%C3%A9bron+depuis+Abraham+jusqu%27%C3%A0+la+fin+du+XVe+si%C3%A8cle+de+J.-C.+%3A+fragments+de+la+Chronique+de+Moudjir-ed-dyn&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=ed-Dyn&rft.aufirst=Moudjir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoiredejrus00ulayuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gitlitz, David M. & Linda Kay Davidson. “Pilgrimage and the Jews’’ (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Strange1890" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Le_Strange" title="Guy Le Strange">Le Strange, G.</a> (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft"><i>Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500</i></a>. London: Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+Under+the+Moslems%3A+A+Description+of+Syria+and+the+Holy+Land+from+A.D.+650+to+1500&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Le+Strange&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestineundermo00lestuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPococke1745" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pococke" title="Richard Pococke">Pococke, R.</a> (1745). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gri_33125009339611"><i>A description of the East, and some other countries</i></a>. Vol. 2. London: Printed for the author, by W. Bowyer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+description+of+the+East%2C+and+some+other+countries&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Printed+for+the+author%2C+by+W.+Bowyer&rft.date=1745&rft.aulast=Pococke&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgri_33125009339611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPringle1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Denys_Pringle" title="Denys Pringle">Pringle, D.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC"><i>The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: L-Z (excluding Tyre)</i></a>. Vol. II. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-39037-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-39037-0"><bdi>0-521-39037-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Churches+of+the+Crusader+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem%3A+L-Z+%28excluding+Tyre%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-39037-0&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Y0tA0xLzwEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Pullan_(academic)" title="Wendy Pullan (academic)">Pullan, W.</a> (2013). Bible and Gun: Militarism in Jerusalem's Holy Places. Space and Polity, 17 (3), 335–56, dx.doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2013.853490</li> <li>Selwyn, T. (2009) Ghettoizing a matriarch and a city: An everyday story from the Palestinian/Israeli borderlands, Journal of Borderlands Studies, 24(3), pp. 39– 55</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharon1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Sharon" title="Moshe Sharon">Sharon, M.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC"><i>Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, B-C</i></a>. Vol. 2. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11083-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11083-0"><bdi>978-90-04-11083-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corpus+Inscriptionum+Arabicarum+Palaestinae%2C+B-C&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11083-0&rft.aulast=Sharon&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEPFDU8POrXIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&pg=PA177">p. 177</a>, ff)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrickert2007" class="citation book cs1">Strickert, Frederick M. (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rachelweepingjew0000stri"><i>Rachel weeping: Jews, Christians, and Muslims at the Fortress Tomb</i></a></span>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5987-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5987-8"><bdi>978-0-8146-5987-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rachel+weeping%3A+Jews%2C+Christians%2C+and+Muslims+at+the+Fortress+Tomb&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5987-8&rft.aulast=Strickert&rft.aufirst=Frederick+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frachelweepingjew0000stri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>UNESCO (19 March 2010), 184 EX/37, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001873/187356e.pdf">The Two Palestinian Sites of Al-Haram Al-Ibrahimi/Tomb of the Patriarchs in Al-Khalil/Hebron and the Bilal bin Rabah Mosques/Rachael's Tomb in Bethlehem</a>, Fact Sheet on Israeli Consolidation of Palestinian Heritage Sites in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: The Case if Hebron and Bethlehem</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuallart1587" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Zuallart" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean Zuallart">Zuallart, J.</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in French]</span> (1587). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ildevotissimovia00zual"><i>Il devotissimo viaggio di Gervsalemme</i></a>. Roma.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+devotissimo+viaggio+di+Gervsalemme&rft.place=Roma&rft.date=1587&rft.aulast=Zuallart&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fildevotissimovia00zual&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARachel%27s+Tomb" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rachel%27s_Tomb&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keverrachel.com/">Rachel's Tomb Website</a> General Info., History, Pictures, Video, Visitor Info., Transportation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelandyou.com/rachels-tomb/%20">Is this Rachel's Tomb? A geographical and historical review</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rachelstomb.org/">A site dedicated to Rachel's Tomb</a></li> <li>Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8379">IAA</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.17.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Survey of Western Palestine 1880.17.jpg">Wikimedia commons</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Israel" title="Women in Israel">In Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender and Judaism">Gender and Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matrilineality_in_Judaism" title="Matrilineality in Judaism">Matrilineality in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat-Kohen" title="Bat-Kohen">Bat-Kohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Levi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bat Levi">Bat Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_and_Jewish_studies" title="Gender and Jewish studies">Gender and Jewish studies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="History" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women%27s_Congress" title="Jewish Women's Congress">Jewish Women's Congress</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_Kosher_Meat_Boycott" class="mw-redirect" title="1902 Kosher Meat Boycott">1902 Kosher Meat Boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_New_York_City_Rent_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1904 New York City Rent Strike">1904 New York City Rent Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Tonsil_Riots" title="1906 Tonsil Riots">1906 Tonsil Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_New_York_City_Rent_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1907 New York City Rent Strike">1907 New York City Rent Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_shirtwaist_strike_of_1909" title="New York shirtwaist strike of 1909">1909 Shirtwaist Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_World_Congress_of_Jewish_Women" title="First World Congress of Jewish Women">World Congress of Jewish Women</a> (1923, 1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Torah_Project" title="Women's Torah Project">Women's Torah Project</a> (2003–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Siyum_HaShas" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Siyum HaShas">Women's Siyum HaShas</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feminism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish feminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish_feminism" title="Orthodox Jewish feminism">Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Israel" title="Feminism in Israel">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_feminism" title="Mizrahi feminism">Mizrahi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life cycle events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeved_habat" title="Zeved habat"><i>Zeved habat</i> / <i>Simchat bat</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah"><i>Bar</i> and <i>bat mitzvah</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Adult bar and bat mitzvah">For adults</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls%27_Day_(Judaism)" title="Girls' Day (Judaism)">Girls' Day (<i>Chag habanot</i>)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marriage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shidduch" title="Shidduch">Matchmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketubah" title="Ketubah">Marriage contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalom_bayit" title="Shalom bayit">Marital harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_covering_for_Jewish_women" title="Head covering for Jewish women">Head covering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balabusta" title="Balabusta">Homemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Ritual purity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikvah">Ritual immersion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_(divorce_document)" title="Get (divorce document)">Divorce</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agunah" title="Agunah">Agunah</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practices and concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_separation_in_Judaism" title="Gender separation in Judaism">Gender separation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tzniut" title="Tzniut">Tzniut</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Negiah" title="Negiah">Negiah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yichud" title="Yichud">Yichud</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_abortion" title="Judaism and abortion">Abortion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Israel" title="Abortion in Israel">In Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_contraception" title="Jewish views on contraception">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_sexuality" title="Judaism and sexuality">Sexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexuality and Judaism">Homosexuality</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayer and study</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tkhine" title="Tkhine">Tkhine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tseno_Ureno" class="mw-redirect" title="Tseno Ureno">Tseno Ureno</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnership_minyan" title="Partnership minyan">Partnership <i>minyan</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefillin_Barbie" title="Tefillin Barbie">Tefillin Barbie</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midrasha" title="Midrasha">Midrasha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mechitza" title="Mechitza">Mechitza</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_the_Women" title="Court of the Women">Court of the Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rebbetzin" title="Rebbetzin">Rebbetzin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_rabbis_and_Torah_scholars" title="Women rabbis and Torah scholars">Rabbis and Torah scholars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women_rabbis" title="Timeline of women rabbis">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoetzet_halacha" title="Yoetzet halacha">Yoetzet halacha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toanot_Rabniyot" title="Toanot Rabniyot">Toanot Rabniyot</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soferet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soferet">Scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chazante" class="mw-redirect" title="Chazante">Cantor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women_hazzans" title="Timeline of women hazzans">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Firzogerin" title="Firzogerin">Firzogerin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aminadav_(organization)" title="Aminadav (organization)">Aminadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Kol_(organization)" title="Bat Kol (organization)">Bat Kol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27not_Esh" title="B'not Esh">B'not Esh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Women%27s_Justice" title="Center for Women's Justice">CWJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chochmat_Nashim" title="Chochmat Nashim">Chochmat Nashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshel_(organization)" title="Eshel (organization)">Eshel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Women%27s_Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America">Hadassah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadran_(organization)" title="Hadran (organization)">Hadran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa_Women%27s_Coalition" title="Haifa Women's Coalition">Haifa Women's Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Women%27s_Network" title="Israel Women's Network">Israel Women's Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Orthodox_Feminist_Alliance" title="Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance">JOFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women%27s_Archive" title="Jewish Women's Archive">JWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women_Artists%27_Circle" title="Jewish Women Artists' Circle">Women Artists' Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women%27s_Committee_to_End_the_Occupation" title="Jewish Women's Committee to End the Occupation">JWCEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women%27s_Collaborative_International_Fund" title="Jewish Women's Collaborative International Fund">JWCIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women_International" title="Jewish Women International">JWI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kohenet_Institute" title="The Kohenet Institute">Kohenet Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolech" title="Kolech">Kolech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Jewish_Women" title="League of Jewish Women">League of Jewish Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharat" title="Maharat">Maharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27yan" title="Ma'yan">Ma'yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27shei_Chabad" title="N'shei Chabad">N'shei Chabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%27amat" title="Na'amat">Na'amat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Jewish_Women" title="National Council of Jewish Women">NCJW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo_Nivcharot,_Lo_Bocharot" title="Lo Nivcharot, Lo Bocharot">Nivcharot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomath_Club" title="Philomath Club">Philomath Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Alpha_Tau" title="Pi Alpha Tau">Pi Alpha Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Jewish_Women" title="Union of Jewish Women">Union of Jewish Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Cantors_Network" title="Women Cantors Network">Cantors Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Reform_Judaism" title="Women of Reform Judaism">Women of Reform Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_the_Wall" title="Women of the Wall">WoW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_for_the_Wall" title="Women for the Wall">W4W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_International_Zionist_Organization" title="Women's International Zionist Organization">WIZO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_League_for_Conservative_Judaism" title="Women's League for Conservative Judaism">WLCJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_League_for_Israel" title="Women's League for Israel">WLI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Rabbinic_Network" title="Women's Rabbinic Network">Women's Rabbinic Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Spirit" title="Women's Spirit">Women's Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocolot" title="Vocolot">Vocolot</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic / defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clara_de_Hirsch_Home_for_Working_Girls" title="Clara de Hirsch Home for Working Girls">Clara de Hirsch Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di_Vilde_Chayes" title="Di Vilde Chayes">Di Vilde Chayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Jewish_Women_(Germany)" title="League of Jewish Women (Germany)">League of Jewish Women (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_League_for_Woman_Suffrage" title="Jewish League for Woman Suffrage">Jewish League for Woman Suffrage (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Orchestra_of_Auschwitz" title="Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz">Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Binah_(magazine)" title="Binah (magazine)">Binah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Magazine" title="Hadassah Magazine">Hadassah Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lilith_(magazine)" title="Lilith (magazine)">Lilith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Jewess" title="The American Jewess">The American Jewess</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_Jewish_schools_for_women" title="Category:Orthodox Jewish schools for women">Orthodox Jewish schools for women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rachel's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Matriarchs" title="Tomb of the Matriarchs">Tomb of the Matriarchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/14px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/21px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/28px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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href="/wiki/Laws_and_customs_of_the_Land_of_Israel_in_Judaism" title="Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism">Laws and customs</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Holy_cities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_cities_of_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy cities of Judaism">Holy cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Jerusalem(Holiness)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">Holiness</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Temple_inJerusalem" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in<br />Jerusalem</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Stone" title="Foundation Stone">Foundation Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_places_of_biblical_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of burial places of biblical figures">Tombs of<br />biblical figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Matriarchs" title="Tomb of the Matriarchs">Matriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Benjamin" title="Tomb of Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David%27s_Tomb" title="David's Tomb">David</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph%27s_Tomb" title="Joseph's Tomb">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Joshua" title="Tomb of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Samuel" title="Tomb of Samuel">Samuel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Aaron" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel%27s_Tomb" title="Ezekiel's Tomb">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Daniel" title="Tomb of Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum#Tomb" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra%27s_Tomb" title="Ezra's Tomb">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_the_High_Priest#Tomb" title="Joshua the High Priest">Joshua the High Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Esther_and_Mordechai" title="Tomb of Esther and Mordechai">Esther and Mordechai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bethlehem_Governorate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bethlehem_Governorate" title="Template:Bethlehem Governorate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bethlehem_Governorate" title="Template talk:Bethlehem Governorate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bethlehem_Governorate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bethlehem Governorate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bethlehem_Governorate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Governorate" title="Bethlehem Governorate">Bethlehem Governorate</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian National Authority">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jala" title="Beit Jala">Beit Jala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Sahour" title="Beit Sahour">Beit Sahour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem (Beit Lahm)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Governate_of_Bethlehem.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bethlehem Governorate"><img alt="Bethlehem Governorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Governate_of_Bethlehem.png/50px-Governate_of_Bethlehem.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Governate_of_Bethlehem.png/75px-Governate_of_Bethlehem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Governate_of_Bethlehem.png/100px-Governate_of_Bethlehem.png 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1223" /></a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/50px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/75px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/100px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality_(Palestinian_Authority)" title="Municipality (Palestinian Authority)">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battir" title="Battir">Battir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Fajjar" title="Beit Fajjar">Beit Fajjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawha" title="Al-Dawha">al-Dawha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husan" title="Husan">Husan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jannatah" title="Jannatah">Jannatah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rakhme" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakhme">Rakhme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Asakra" title="Al-Asakra">al-Asakra</a>, Khallet al Karaneen, Al ‘Ukab, Harmala, and Abu Njeim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khader" title="Al-Khader">al-Khader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahalin" title="Nahalin">Nahalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuqu%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuqu'">Tuqu'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ubeidiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ubeidiya">al-Ubeidiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atara" title="Za'atara">Za'atara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Village_council_(Palestinian_Authority)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village council (Palestinian Authority)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Arab_al-Rashayida" title="'Arab al-Rashayida">'Arab al-Rashayida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artas,_Bethlehem" title="Artas, Bethlehem">Artas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Ta%27mir" title="Beit Ta'mir">Beit Ta'mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_Salah" title="Dar Salah">Dar Salah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindaza" title="Hindaza">Hindaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jab%27a" title="Jab'a">Jab'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubbet_ad-Dib" title="Jubbet ad-Dib">Jubbet ad-Dib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhdum" title="Juhdum">Juhdum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurat_ash-Sham%27a" title="Jurat ash-Sham'a">Jurat ash Sham'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khallet_al-Haddad" title="Khallet al-Haddad">Khallet al-Haddad</a></li> <li>Khallet al-Louza</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbet_Beit_Zakariyyah" title="Khirbet Beit Zakariyyah">Khirbet Beit Zakariyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisan_(Palestine)" title="Kisan (Palestine)">Kisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masara" title="Al-Masara">al-Ma'sara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maniya" title="Al-Maniya">al-Maniya</a></li> <li>Marah Ma'alla</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marah_Rabah" title="Marah Rabah">Marah Rabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuaman" title="Nuaman">Nuaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Salamuna" title="Umm Salamuna">Umm Salamuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash-Shawawra" title="Ash-Shawawra">ash-Shawawra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Arayis" title="Wadi al-Arayis">Wadi al-Arayis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Fukin" title="Wadi Fukin">Wadi Fukin</a></li> <li>Wadi an-Nis</li> <li>Wadi Rahhal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Walaja" title="Al-Walaja">al-Walaja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_the_Milk_Grotto" title="Chapel of the Milk Grotto">Chapel of the Milk Grotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_the_Shepherds%27_Field" title="Chapel of the Shepherds' Field">Chapel of the Shepherds' Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Catherine,_Bethlehem" title="Church of Saint Catherine, Bethlehem">Church of Saint Catherine, Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity" title="Church of the Nativity">Church of the Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_Omar_(Bethlehem)" title="Mosque of Omar (Bethlehem)">Mosque of Omar (Bethlehem)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Monastery,_Al-Khader" title="St. George's Monastery, Al-Khader">St. George's Monastery, Al-Khader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamadiyya_Mosque" title="Al-Hamadiyya Mosque">Al-Hamadiyya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Theodosius" title="Monastery of Saint Theodosius">Monastery of Saint Theodosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Saba" title="Mar Saba">Mar Saba</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rachel's Tomb</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aida_Camp" title="Aida Camp">Aida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Azza" title="'Azza">'Azza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dheisheh" title="Dheisheh">Dheisheh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Pools" title="Solomon's Pools">Solomon's Pools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%98Ayn_Fashkhah" class="mw-redirect" title="‘Ayn Fashkhah">‘Ayn Fashkhah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mosques_in_Palestine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#99CC99;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mosques_in_Palestine" title="Template:Mosques in Palestine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mosques_in_Palestine" title="Template talk:Mosques in Palestine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mosques_in_Palestine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mosques in Palestine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mosques_in_Palestine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of mosques in the State of Palestine">Mosques</a> in <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99CC99;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bilal ibn Rabah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Khatun_Mosque" title="Fatima Khatun Mosque">Fatima Khatun Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Nablus" title="Great Mosque of Nablus">Great Mosque of Nablus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamadiyya_Mosque" title="Al-Hamadiyya Mosque">Al-Hamadiyya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbali_Mosque" title="Hanbali Mosque">Hanbali Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Mosque" title="Jamal Abdel Nasser Mosque">Jamal Abdel Nasser Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khadra_Mosque" title="Al-Khadra Mosque">Al-Khadra Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Ibrahimi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jawali_Mosque" title="Al-Jawali Mosque">Al-Jawali Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Yahya_Mosque" title="Nabi Yahya Mosque">Nabi Yahya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Nasr_Mosque" title="An-Nasr Mosque">An-Nasr Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nurayn_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Nurayn Mosque">Al-Nurayn Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_Omar_(Bethlehem)" title="Mosque of Omar (Bethlehem)">Mosque of Omar (Bethlehem)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ali_al-Bakka_Mosque" title="Sheikh Ali al-Bakka Mosque">Sheikh Ali al-Bakka Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ibrahim_Ibn_Adham_Mosque" title="Sultan Ibrahim Ibn Adham Mosque">Sultan Ibrahim Ibn Adham Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%C3%BApula_de_la_Roca_(45298221951).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dome of The Rock, Al-quds"><img alt="Dome of The Rock, Al-quds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/C%C3%BApula_de_la_Roca_%2845298221951%29.jpg/80px-C%C3%BApula_de_la_Roca_%2845298221951%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/C%C3%BApula_de_la_Roca_%2845298221951%29.jpg/120px-C%C3%BApula_de_la_Roca_%2845298221951%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/C%C3%BApula_de_la_Roca_%2845298221951%29.jpg/160px-C%C3%BApula_de_la_Roca_%2845298221951%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4741" data-file-height="3161" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Palestine"><img alt="Flag of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/80px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/120px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/160px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99CC99;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khadra_Mosque" title="Abu Khadra Mosque">Abu Khadra Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aybaki_Mosque" title="Aybaki Mosque">Aybaki Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Marwan_Mosque" title="Ibn Marwan Mosque">Ibn Marwan Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Uthman_Mosque" title="Ibn Uthman Mosque">Ibn Uthman Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katib_al-Wilaya_Mosque" title="Katib al-Wilaya Mosque">Katib al-Wilaya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Mosque" title="Mahkamah Mosque">Mahkamah Mosque</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_al-Hashim_Mosque" title="Sayed al-Hashim Mosque">Sayed al-Hashim Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shamah_Mosque" title="Al-Shamah Mosque">Al-Shamah Mosque</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Nasr_Mosque" title="Umm al-Nasr Mosque">Umm al-Nasr Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99CC99;;width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdeen_Mosque" title="Abdeen Mosque">Abdeen Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Qibli Mosque</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khanqah_al-Salahiyya_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque">Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables" title="Solomon's Stables">Marwani Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_Omar_(Jerusalem)" title="Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem)">Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Dissi_Mosque" title="Al Dissi Mosque">Al Dissi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidna_Omar_Mosque" title="Sidna Omar Mosque">Sidna Omar Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/15px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/23px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/Category:Synagogues_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Synagogues in the State of Palestine"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Synagogues</span></a> in <a href="/wiki/Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">the State of Palestine</span></a>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Synagogues_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Category:Synagogues in the Gaza Strip"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Gaza Strip</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Temple" title="Abraham Temple">Abraham Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Synagogues_in_the_West_Bank" title="Category:Synagogues in the West Bank"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">West Bank</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Avinu_Synagogue" title="Avraham Avinu Synagogue">Avraham Avinu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho_synagogue" title="Jericho synagogue">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yemenite_Synagogue_(Silwan)" title="Old Yemenite Synagogue (Silwan)">Old Yemenite (Silwan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesse_and_Ruth" title="Tomb of Jesse and Ruth">Tomb of Jesse and Ruth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><i>Former</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Inactive <span style="font-size:85%;">(still standing)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaza_synagogue" title="Gaza synagogue">Gaza</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Destroyed or in ruins<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(no longer standing)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eshtemoa_synagogue" title="Eshtemoa synagogue">Eshtemoa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naaran" title="Naaran">Naaran</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rachel's Tomb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Susya#Ancient_synagogue" title="Susya">Susya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Qelt_Synagogue" title="Wadi Qelt Synagogue">Wadi Qelt</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Jews_and_Judaism_in_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Jews and Judaism in Palestine (page does not exist)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Jews and Judaism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_synagogues_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="Category:Ancient synagogues in the Land of Israel"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Ancient synagogues in the Land of Israel</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Synagogues_in_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Synagogues in Palestine (page does not exist)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Category</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2424300#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2424300#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2424300#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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