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Limba franceză - Wikipedia

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open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <table style="float:right; margin:0 0 .25 .25; ;"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="infocaseta"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="antet limba" style="background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Franceză<br><i>français </i></td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";">Pronunție</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>fʁɑ̃'sɛ</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";">Vorbită în</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franța">Franța</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Africa_francofon%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Africa francofonă — pagină inexistentă">Africa francofonă</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgia">Belgia</a> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regiunea_Capitalei_Bruxelles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regiunea Capitalei Bruxelles">Regiunea Capitalei Bruxelles</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valonia">Valonia</a> și câteva orașe din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flandra?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flandra">Flandra</a>), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada">Canada</a> (majoritar în provincia <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Québec">Québec</a>), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elve%C8%9Bia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elveția">Elveția</a> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romandia">Romandia</a>), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italia">Italia</a> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valle_d%27Aosta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valle d'Aosta">Valle d'Aosta</a>), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haiti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> și alte, în total 51 de țări din întreaga lume</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";">Regiuni</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_Occidental%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Occidentală">Europa Occidentală</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="America">America</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";">Număr de vorbitori</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">220 de milioane<sup id="cite_ref-wolff_9_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wolff_9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;(<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_limbi_dup%C4%83_num%C4%83rul_de_vorbitori?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de limbi după numărul de vorbitori">locul&nbsp;6</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";">Limbă-mamă</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba latină">latină</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";">Sistem de scriere</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabetul_latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfabetul latin">alfabetul latin</a> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabetul_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfabetul limbii franceze">variantă franceză</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";">Tipologie lingvistică</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Topic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Topica_gramatical%C4%83_%C8%99i_tipologia_lingvistic%C4%83" title="Topică">SVO</a><br><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_flexionar%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbă flexionară">limbă flexionară</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Clasificare</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_indo-europene?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbi indo-europene">limbi indo-europene</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;"> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_italice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbi italice">italice</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_romanice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbi romanice">romanice</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limbi_italo-occidentale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Limbi italo-occidentale — pagină inexistentă">italo-occidentale</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limbi_romanice_occidentale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Limbi romanice occidentale — pagină inexistentă">occidentale</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limbi_galo-iberice&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Limbi galo-iberice — pagină inexistentă">galo-iberice</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_galoromanice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbi galoromanice">galoromanice</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_o%C3%AFl?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbi oïl">oïl</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;"> <li>franceză</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Statut oficial și codificare</th> </tr> <tr> <th style=";">Limbă oficială în</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_%C8%9B%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_care_franceza_este_limb%C4%83_oficial%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de țări în care franceza este limbă oficială">29 de țări</a> <hr><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_organiza%C8%9Bii_%C3%AEn_care_franceza_este_limb%C4%83_oficial%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Listă de organizații în care franceza este limbă oficială — pagină inexistentă">35 de organizații</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";">Organ de<br> reglementare</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Academia_Francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Academia Franceză">Academia Franceză</a><br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166029" class="extiw" title="d:Q2166029"><span lang="nl">Academie Royale de Langue et de littérature Françaises</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="nl">Academie Royale de Langue et de littérature Françaises</span> (national academy for the French language in Belgium)|​]]</span><br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578454" class="extiw" title="d:Q2578454"><span lang="fr">Office québécois de la langue française</span></a><abbr title="Articolul încă nu există în acest wiki">[*]</abbr><span style="display:none">[[<span lang="fr">Office québécois de la langue française</span> (French language regulator in Quebec)|​]]</span>&nbsp; <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150%23P1018" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">fr</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-2</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">fra (T)<br> fre (B)</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-3<br> (cel mai<br> răspândit dialect)</th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">fra</td> </tr> <tr> <th style=";"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SIL_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SIL International">SIL</a></th> <td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">FRA</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Extras</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A2ntecul_lui_Roland?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cântecul lui Roland">Cântecul lui Roland</a> — stanța VII</b><br> Marsile fit amener dix mules blanches, que lui avait envoyées le roi de Suatille. Leurs freins sont d’or&nbsp;; les selles serties d’argent. Les messagers montent&nbsp;; en leurs mains ils portent des branches d’olivier. Ils s’en vinrent vers Charles, qui tient France en sa baillie. Charles ne peut s’en garder&nbsp;: ils le tromperont.</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:#000000;">Răspândire în lume</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Map-Francophone_World.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Răspândirea limbii franceze în lume"><img alt="Răspândirea limbii franceze în lume" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/220px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/330px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map-Francophone_World.svg/440px-Map-Francophone_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2757" data-file-height="1412"></a></span> <br><small>Răspândirea limbii franceze în lume</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Puteți vizita <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> <b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fr:">în franceză</a></b>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Această pagină poate conține caractere <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajutor:Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajutor:Unicode">Unicode</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##c9ffd9 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150" class="extiw" title="d:Q150">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DLimba_francez%25C4%2583%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0">text</a></span>&nbsp;<span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Limb%25C4%2583" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table cellpadding="1" style="float: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Limba franceză</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istoria_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istoria limbii franceze">Istorie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Variet%C4%83%C8%9Bile_regionale_ale_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Varietățile regionale ale limbii franceze">Varietăți regionale</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonologia,_fonetica_%C8%99i_prozodia_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonologia, fonetica și prozodia limbii franceze">Fonologie, fonetică și prozodie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gramatică</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1.0em;">Morfologie</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 2.0em;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Determinan%C8%9Bii_%C8%99i_p%C4%83r%C8%9Bile_de_vorbire_nominale_%C3%AEn_limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Determinanții și părțile de vorbire nominale în limba franceză">Determinanții și părțile de vorbire nominale</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 2.0em;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verbul_%C3%AEn_limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verbul în limba franceză">Verbul</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 2.0em;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C4%83r%C8%9Bile_de_vorbire_neflexibile_%C3%AEn_limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Părțile de vorbire neflexibile în limba franceză">Părțile de vorbire neflexibile</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1.0em;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sintaxa_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sintaxa limbii franceze">Sintaxă</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lexicul_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lexicul limbii franceze">Lexic</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left: 1.0em;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_Swadesh_a_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista Swadesh a limbii franceze">Lista Swadesh a limbii franceze</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortografia_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ortografia limbii franceze">Ortografie</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>Limba franceză</b> (în franceză <i>la langue française</i> [la 'lɑ̃ɡ fʁɑ̃'sɛːz] sau <i>le français</i> [lə fʁɑ̃'sɛ]) este o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_indoeuropene?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbi indoeuropene">limbă indoeuropeană</a> din familia <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_romanice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbi romanice">limbilor romanice</a>, anume din ramura de vest a acestora, unde, în grupul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_galoromanice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbi galoromanice">limbilor galoromanice</a>, este una dintre <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_o%C3%AFl?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbi oïl">limbile <i>oïl</i></a>.</p> <p>Franceza este vorbită în total de aproximativ 220 de milioane de oameni fie ca <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_matern%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbă maternă">limbă maternă</a>, ca <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_secund%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbă secundă">limbă secundă</a> sau ca <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_str%C4%83in%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbă străină">limbă străină</a>, în țările membre, asociate sau cu statut de observatoare din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_a_Francofoniei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organizația Internațională a Francofoniei">Organizația Internațională a Francofoniei</a> (OIF)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, precum și în alte câteva țări din afara acesteia, ca <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Algeria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> sau <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Statele Unite ale Americii">Statele Unite ale Americii</a><sup id="cite_ref-wolff_9_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wolff_9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Nu există date precise nici despre cei care au franceza ca limbă maternă. Numărul lor este estimat la 110 milioane<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>În clasamentul numărului de vorbitori ai diferitelor limbi, franceza este pe locul al VI-lea în lume și pe locul al II-lea în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a><sup id="cite_ref-diplomatie.gouv.fr_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-diplomatie.gouv.fr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Franceza este <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_oficial%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbă oficială">limbă oficială</a> în 29 de țări, ocupând în această privință locul al II-lea după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba engleză">limba engleză</a>.</p> <p>Ca limbă străină, franceza este, după engleză, limba învățată de cele mai multe persoane (120 de milioane), în majoritatea țărilor<sup id="cite_ref-diplomatie.gouv.fr_4-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-diplomatie.gouv.fr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>5% din spațiul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet">Internetului</a> ar fi ocupat de limba franceză, fiind pe locul 6-8 printre limbile cele mai folosite<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Franceza a evoluat din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83_popular%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba latină populară">limba latină populară</a> vorbită în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antichitate?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antichitate">Antichitate</a> în jumătatea de nord a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galia">Galiei</a>, devenind, în urma unui proces istoric îndelungat, dominantă pe tot teritoriul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franța">Franței</a> actuale și în regiuni limitrofe ale unor țări vecine. Începând cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XVII-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XVII-lea">secolul al XVII-lea</a>, Franța și-a extins limba peste mări, în zone existente pe toate <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continent?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Continent">continentele</a>, datorită expansiunii sale <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Colonie">coloniale</a>. Tot din secolul al XVII-lea și până la începutul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XX-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XX-lea">celui de-al XX-lea</a>, grație ponderii <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economie">economice</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cultur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cultură">culturii</a> Franței, limba acesteia a fost principala limbă de comunicare internațională. Deși după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primul_r%C4%83zboi_mondial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Primul război mondial">Primul război mondial</a> engleza a ocupat treptat locul I, franceza are în continuare un rol important în comunicarea la nivel mondial.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Cuprins</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clasificare"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Clasificare</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C4%83sp%C3%A2ndire"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Răspândire</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Statut"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Statut</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reglementare"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Reglementare</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Influen%C8%9Ba_asupra_altor_limbi"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Influența asupra altor limbi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Limbi_creole_cu_baz%C4%83_lexical%C4%83_francez%C4%83"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Limbi creole cu bază lexicală franceză</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Variet%C4%83%C8%9Bi_regionale"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Varietăți regionale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Istorie"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Istorie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fonologie,_fonetic%C4%83_%C8%99i_prozodie"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Fonologie, fonetică și prozodie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gramatic%C4%83"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Gramatică</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Morfologie"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Morfologie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Determinan%C8%9Bii_%C8%99i_p%C4%83r%C8%9Bile_de_vorbire_nominale"><span class="tocnumber">10.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Determinanții și părțile de vorbire nominale</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Verbul"><span class="tocnumber">10.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Verbul</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#P%C4%83r%C8%9Bile_de_vorbire_neflexibile"><span class="tocnumber">10.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Părțile de vorbire neflexibile</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sintax%C4%83"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sintaxă</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lexic"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Lexic</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ortografie"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Ortografie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Note"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Note</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Surse_bibliografice"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Surse bibliografice</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Leg%C4%83turi_externe"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Legături externe</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Organisme_de_reglementare_a_limbii"><span class="tocnumber">15.1</span> <span class="toctext">Organisme de reglementare a limbii</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dic%C8%9Bionare"><span class="tocnumber">15.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dicționare</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dic%C8%9Bionare_explicative"><span class="tocnumber">15.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Dicționare explicative</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dic%C8%9Bionare_francez-rom%C3%A2n_/_rom%C3%A2n-francez"><span class="tocnumber">15.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dicționare francez-român / român-francez</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Limba_francez%C4%83_ca_limb%C4%83_str%C4%83in%C4%83"><span class="tocnumber">15.3</span> <span class="toctext">Limba franceză ca limbă străină</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vezi_%C8%99i"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Vezi și</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Clasificare">Clasificare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasificare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Limba franceză aparține ramurii galo-romanice a familiei limbilor romanice. Chiar dacă în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franța">Franța</a> au fost vorbite o multitudine de limbi romanice, împărțite în două mari familii, limbi nordice (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_o%C3%AFl?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbi oïl">limbi <i>oïl</i></a>) și limbi sudice (limbi <i>oc</i>, care aparțin ramurii iberoromanice), nucleul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_standard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbă standard">limbii standard</a> a fost cea vorbită în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evul_Mediu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evul Mediu">Evul Mediu</a> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a> și în împrejurimi, și adoptată de curtea regală. Aceasta s-a impus treptat în cadrul procesului de formare a statului centralizat francez, înglobând într-o sinteză elemente din toate celelalte, în principal din cele nordice.</p> <p>Din cauza tendinței generale de centralizare care s-a manifestat în decursul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istoria_Fran%C8%9Bei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istoria Franței">istoriei Franței</a>, celelalte limbi, neavând stadard, s-au eclipsat treptat, ajungând să fie considerate <i>patois</i>, adică <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grai">graiuri</a>, termenul francez având și o nuanță de sens depreciativă. Actualmente însă, lingviștii tind să le considere pe cele principale limbi aparte<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p><b>Codul limbii</b> este <code>fr</code> respectiv <code>fra</code> sau <code>fre</code> (după <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>); pentru franceza veche (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/842?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="842">842</a> până la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1400?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1400">1400</a>), codul este <code>fro</code> și pentru franceza medie (cca. 1400 până la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1600?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1600">1600</a>) codul este <code>frm</code>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Răspândire"><span id="R.C4.83sp.C3.A2ndire"></span>Răspândire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Răspândire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Les_francophones_dans_le_monde.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Les_francophones_dans_le_monde.jpg/600px-Les_francophones_dans_le_monde.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="488" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1040"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 600px;height: 488px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Les_francophones_dans_le_monde.jpg/600px-Les_francophones_dans_le_monde.jpg" data-width="600" data-height="488" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Les_francophones_dans_le_monde.jpg/900px-Les_francophones_dans_le_monde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Les_francophones_dans_le_monde.jpg/1200px-Les_francophones_dans_le_monde.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <div style="text-align:center"> Numărul francofonilor pe continente (în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018">2018</a>) </div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Knowledge_of_French_EU_map.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Knowledge_of_French_EU_map.svg/250px-Knowledge_of_French_EU_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1212" data-file-height="1242"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 256px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Knowledge_of_French_EU_map.svg/250px-Knowledge_of_French_EU_map.svg.png" data-width="250" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Knowledge_of_French_EU_map.svg/375px-Knowledge_of_French_EU_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Knowledge_of_French_EU_map.svg/500px-Knowledge_of_French_EU_map.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <div style="text-align:center"> Nivelul cunoașterii limbii franceze în Uniunea Europeană și în țările candidate, în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2005?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2005">2005</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div> </figcaption> </figure> <p>În țările europene membre ale OIF, cei mai mulți francofoni trăiesc în Franța (62,5 milioane), în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgia">Belgia</a> (4,4 milioane) și în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elve%C8%9Bia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elveția">Elveția</a> (3,8 milioane)<sup id="cite_ref-Wolff,_2010_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wolff,_2010-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Din celelalte țări vest-europene membre ale OIF, la aceste cifre se mai adaugă 1,2 milioane, iar din regiunea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valle_d%27Aosta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valle d'Aosta">Valle d'Aosta</a> din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italia">Italia</a>, țară care nu este în OIF, încă 90.000. În țările din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_Central%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa Centrală">Europa Centrală</a> și de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_de_Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa de Est">Est</a> sunt 6 milioane de francofoni. Dintre acestea se distinge <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="România">România</a>, cu 1,8 milioane.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.png/250px-BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="270"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.png/250px-BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.png" data-width="250" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/BelgieGemeenschappenkaart.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Comunitățile lingvistice din Belgia. Cu roșu, cea franceză </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Brussels_signs.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Brussels_signs.jpg/200px-Brussels_signs.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="368"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Brussels_signs.jpg/200px-Brussels_signs.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Brussels_signs.jpg/300px-Brussels_signs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Brussels_signs.jpg/400px-Brussels_signs.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Placă <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilingvism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilingvism">bilingvă</a> (franceză și flamandă) cu nume de stradă în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruxelles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruxelles">Bruxelles</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Map_Languages_CH.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Map_Languages_CH.png/250px-Map_Languages_CH.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="905"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Map_Languages_CH.png/250px-Map_Languages_CH.png" data-width="250" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Map_Languages_CH.png/375px-Map_Languages_CH.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Map_Languages_CH.png/500px-Map_Languages_CH.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Limbile vorbite în Elveția. Cu culoarea verde, limba franceză </figcaption> </figure> <p>Din țările OIF din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa_Subsaharian%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa Subsahariană">Africa Subsahariană</a> și din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maroc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maroc">Maroc</a> există date numai despre cei care știu și să citească și să scrie în franceză. Numărul acestora este de 31 milioane în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Democrat%C4%83_Congo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Democrată Congo">Republica Democrată Congo</a>, 10,3 milioane în Maroc, 7,3 milioane în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coasta_de_Filde%C8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coasta de Fildeș">Coasta de Fildeș</a>, 7 milioane în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camerun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camerun">Camerun</a>, câte 3 milioane în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burkina_Faso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senegal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, câte 2 milioane în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Congo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Congo">Republica Congo</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guineea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guineea">Guineea</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mali?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Niger?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niger">Niger</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Togo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Togo">Togo</a>, câte 1,5 milioane în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Centrafrican%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Centrafricană">Republica Centrafricană</a> și în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ciad?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciad">Ciad</a>.</p> <p>Din mai multe țări OIF africane sunt date nu numai despre cei care știu să citească și să scrie în franceză, ci și despre cei care doar vorbesc limba. Din ambele categorii sunt în total 8,7 milioane de oameni, dintre care mai mulți în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tunisia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> (6,6 milioane) și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ghana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> (1 million). Aici se poate include și Algeria, care nu este membră a OIF, cu 11,2 milioane.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Francophone_Africa.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Francophone_Africa.svg/250px-Francophone_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Francophone_Africa.svg/250px-Francophone_Africa.svg.png" data-width="250" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Francophone_Africa.svg/375px-Francophone_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Francophone_Africa.svg/500px-Francophone_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Africa francofonă <p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:#006BA8;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Țări de obicei considerate francofone</p> <p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:#00AAE2;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Țări uneori considerate francofone</p> <p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:#008080;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Țări care nu sunt francofone, dar sunt membre sau observatoare în OIF</p> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ticket_Metro_Alger.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ticket_Metro_Alger.jpg/200px-Ticket_Metro_Alger.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="311"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ticket_Metro_Alger.jpg/200px-Ticket_Metro_Alger.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ticket_Metro_Alger.jpg/300px-Ticket_Metro_Alger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ticket_Metro_Alger.jpg/400px-Ticket_Metro_Alger.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Bilet de metrou din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alger?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alger">Alger</a>, cu text bilingv (arabă și franceză) </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Rue_Champollion_in_Alexandria.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rue_Champollion_in_Alexandria.JPG/200px-Rue_Champollion_in_Alexandria.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rue_Champollion_in_Alexandria.JPG/200px-Rue_Champollion_in_Alexandria.JPG" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rue_Champollion_in_Alexandria.JPG/300px-Rue_Champollion_in_Alexandria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Rue_Champollion_in_Alexandria.JPG/400px-Rue_Champollion_in_Alexandria.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Placă bilingvă (arabă și franceză) cu nume de stradă în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandria_(Egipt)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandria (Egipt)">Alexandria</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>În țările OIF din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orientul_Apropiat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orientul Apropiat">Orientul Apropiat</a>, cunosc franceza 0,3 milioane în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egipt?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egipt">Egipt</a> și 0,7 milioane în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liban?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liban">Liban</a>, iar în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a>, care nu este în OIF, se estimează între 0,3 și 0,7 milioane numărul cunoscătorilor de franceză.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bienvenue_a_Rechmaya.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bienvenue_a_Rechmaya.jpg/250px-Bienvenue_a_Rechmaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="843" data-file-height="564"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bienvenue_a_Rechmaya.jpg/250px-Bienvenue_a_Rechmaya.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bienvenue_a_Rechmaya.jpg/375px-Bienvenue_a_Rechmaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bienvenue_a_Rechmaya.jpg/500px-Bienvenue_a_Rechmaya.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Indicator de localitate bilingv (arabă și franceză) în Liban </figcaption> </figure> <p>În zona <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceanul_Indian?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceanul Indian">Oceanului Indian</a> sunt în total 1,9 milioane de francofoni, cei mai mulți în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madagascar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> (1 million).</p> <p>În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America_de_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="America de Nord">America de Nord</a>, cei mai mulți francofoni trăiesc în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada">Canada</a> (9,6 milioane), iar în Statele Unite, care nu este în OIF, 2,1 milioane de persoane vorbesc franceza acasă, după cum formulează documentele recensământului din anul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2000?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2000">2000</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Bilinguisme_au_Canada-fr.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bilinguisme_au_Canada-fr.svg/250px-Bilinguisme_au_Canada-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="940"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 214px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bilinguisme_au_Canada-fr.svg/250px-Bilinguisme_au_Canada-fr.svg.png" data-width="250" data-height="214" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bilinguisme_au_Canada-fr.svg/375px-Bilinguisme_au_Canada-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bilinguisme_au_Canada-fr.svg/500px-Bilinguisme_au_Canada-fr.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Distribuția limbii engleze și a limbii franceze în Canada <p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:#FFE400;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Engleză – 56,9%</p> <p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:#D8A820;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilingvism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilingvism">Bilingvism</a> anglo-francez – 16,1%</p> <p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:#B07400;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Franceză – 21,3%</p> <p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:#F5F5DC;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Teritorii locuite de mai puțin de 0,4 persoană/km<sup>2</sup></p> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:French_in_the_United_States.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/French_in_the_United_States.png/250px-French_in_the_United_States.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="287" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1222"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 287px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/French_in_the_United_States.png/250px-French_in_the_United_States.png" data-width="250" data-height="287" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/French_in_the_United_States.png/375px-French_in_the_United_States.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/French_in_the_United_States.png/500px-French_in_the_United_States.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Limba franceză în SUA. Proporția celor care vorbesc franceza acasă în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comitat_al_unui_stat_al_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comitat al unui stat al Statelor Unite ale Americii">comitatele</a> locuite și de francofoni <p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:#F4D7C8;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;6-12%</p> <p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:#EEA9B1;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;12-18%</p> <p style="border:none;text-align:left;font-size:95%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background:#EA679D;font-size:85%!important;vertical-align:middle;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Peste 18%</p> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Louisiana_state_welcome_sign.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Louisiana_state_welcome_sign.jpg/250px-Louisiana_state_welcome_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="866"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Louisiana_state_welcome_sign.jpg/250px-Louisiana_state_welcome_sign.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Louisiana_state_welcome_sign.jpg/375px-Louisiana_state_welcome_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Louisiana_state_welcome_sign.jpg/500px-Louisiana_state_welcome_sign.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Indicator rutier bilingv (engleză și franceză) la o intrare în Louisiana </figcaption> </figure> <p>În regiunile din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marea_Caraibelor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marea Caraibelor">Marea Caraibelor</a> aparținând Franței (insulele din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antilele_Mici?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antilele Mici">Antilele Mici</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guiana">Guiana</a>), precum și în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haiti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, țară membră a OIF, numărul francofonilor este de 1,9 milioane, dintre care 1,2 milioane în Haiti.</p> <p>În țările din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indochina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indochina">Indochina</a> sunt în total 1,7 milioane de francofoni, iar în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> 0,5 milioane.</p> <p>În afara cifrelor menționate mai sus, celor 220 de milioane de francofoni le mai aparțin încă 72 de milioane de persoane numite „parțial francofone”<sup id="cite_ref-diplomatie.gouv.fr_4-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-diplomatie.gouv.fr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>În ceea ce-i privește pe cei care au franceza ca limbă maternă, numărul lor este estimat la 77 de milioane în Europa<sup id="cite_ref-diplomatie.gouv.fr_4-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-diplomatie.gouv.fr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, iar în Canada, unde rezultatele recensământului din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006">2006</a> dau date precise despre aceasta, numărul lor este de 6.817.650.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Statut">Statut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Statut" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Din cele 29 de state suverane în care franceza este limbă oficială, în 13 ea este singura cu acest statut<sup id="cite_ref-Wolff,_2010_8-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wolff,_2010-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33.3%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franța">Franța</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burkina_Faso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Congo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Congo">Congo</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coasta_de_Filde%C8%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coasta de Fildeș">Coasta de Fildeș</a></li> </ul></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33.3%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gabon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guineea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guineea">Guineea</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mali?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monaco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> </ul></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33.3%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Niger?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Democrat%C4%83_Congo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Democrată Congo">Republica Democrată Congo</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senegal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Togo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>În alte 16 state suverane, franceza este oficială alături de altă limbă sau alte limbi:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33.3%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgia">Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burundi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camerun?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camerun">Camerun</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canada?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ciad?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciad">Ciad</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comore?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comore">Comore</a></li> </ul></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33.3%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Djibouti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elve%C8%9Bia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elveția">Elveția</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guineea_Ecuatorial%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guineea Ecuatorială">Guineea Ecuatorială</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haiti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxemburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> </ul></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33.3%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madagascar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republica_Centrafrican%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republica Centrafricană">Republica Centrafricană</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rwanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seychelles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vanuatu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Franceza este oficială și în 15 formațiuni administrativ-teritoriale care sunt state nesuverane în cadrul unor state federale, sau sunt teritorii autonome. În 6 dintre acestea, franceza este singura limbă oficială:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33.3%;"> <ul> <li>în Elveția: <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonul_Geneva?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonul Geneva">Cantonul Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonul_Jura?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonul Jura">Cantonul Jura</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonul_Neuch%C3%A2tel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonul Neuchâtel">Cantonul Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonul_Vaud?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonul Vaud">Cantonul Vaud</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33.3%;"> <ul> <li>în Belgia: <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Comunitatea_Francez%C4%83_din_Belgia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Comunitatea Franceză din Belgia — pagină inexistentă">Comunitatea Franceză</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></li> <li>în Canada: <ul> <li>provincia <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Québec">Québec</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>În alte 11 teritorii, franceza este oficială alături de altă limbă sau alte limbi:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33.3%;"> <ul> <li>în Elveția: <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonul_Berna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonul Berna">Cantonul Berna</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonul_Fribourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonul Fribourg">Cantonul Fribourg</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonul_Valais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonul Valais">Cantonul Valais</a></li> </ul></li> <li>în Italia: <ul> <li>regiunea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valle_d%27Aosta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valle d'Aosta">Valle d'Aosta</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33.3%;"> <ul> <li>în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatul_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">Regatul Unit</a>: <ul> <li>provincia <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guernsey?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li>provincia <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insula_Jersey?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Insula Jersey">Jersey</a></li> </ul></li> <li>în India: <ul> <li>teritoriul federal <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puducherry?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puducherry">Puducherry</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:33.3%;"> <ul> <li>în Canada: <ul> <li>provincia <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Noul_Brunswick?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noul Brunswick">Noul Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teritoriile_de_Nord-Vest?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teritoriile de Nord-Vest">Teritoriile de Nord-Vest</a></li> <li>teritoriul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nunavut?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li>teritoriul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yukon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yukon">Yukon</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Sunt și țări în care franceza nu este oficială, dar există reglementări juridice în legătură cu ea:</p> <ul> <li>În Statele Unite: <ul> <li>În statul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louisiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, franceza poate fi folosită în învățământ, în justiție, în actele notariale și în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mass-media?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mass-media">media</a>.</li> <li>În statul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maine">Maine</a>, buletinele electorale pot fi redactate și în franceză, iar unii angajați ai statului, de exemplu pădurarii, sunt obligați să cunoască franceza.</li> </ul></li> <li>În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mauritius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> este permisă folosirea francezei în justiție, în învățământ și în media.</li> </ul> <p>În alte țări, franceza nu are niciun statut juridic, dar în practică este folosită intens, mai ales în învățământ și în media. Este cazul țărilor arabe foste colonii franceze:</p> <ul> <li>În Tunisia se predau în franceză începând cu învățământul mediu științele exacte, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_economice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Științe economice">economice</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Informatic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Informatică">informatica</a> și disciplinele tehnice.</li> <li>În Maroc se predă în franceză la mai multe facultăți din învățământul superior.</li> <li>În Algeria, învățământul științific și tehnic superior are loc în franceză.</li> <li>În Liban, invățământul este <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilingvism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilingvism">bilingv</a>, arab-francez sau arab-englez. Al doilea caștigă treptat teren, dar primul este încă preponderent.</li> </ul> <p>În fiecare țară arabă francofonă există <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pres%C4%83_(mijloace_de_informare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presă (mijloace de informare)">presă</a> în franceză, mai ales în Tunisia, Maroc și Algeria.</p> <p>Franceza este una din cele șase limbi de lucru ale <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_Na%C8%9Biunilor_Unite?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organizația Națiunilor Unite">Organizației Națiunilor Unite</a>, una din cele trei limbi de lucru ale <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uniunea Europeană">Uniunii Europene</a>, limba folosită pe plan intern la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curtea_de_Justi%C8%9Bie_a_Uniunii_Europene?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curtea de Justiție a Uniunii Europene">Curtea de Justiție a Uniunii Europene</a>, singura limbă oficială a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uniunea_Po%C8%99tal%C4%83_Universal%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uniunea Poștală Universală">Uniunii Poștale Universale</a> și una din limbile oficiale a numeroase organizații internaționale<sup id="cite_ref-diplomatie.gouv.fr_4-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-diplomatie.gouv.fr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>În principalele țări francofone există și o legislație referitoare la limbă. În Franța este vorba de „legea Toubon” din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1994?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1994">1994</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, care prevede în ce documente și situații este obligatorie folosirea francezei: prezentarea bunurilor și serviciilor, informațiile destinate consumatorilor, inscripțiile și informațiile din locurile publice, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Contract_civil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Contract civil">contractele</a> încheiate de persoane publice, contractele de muncă, ofertele de serviciu, documentele interne destinate salariaților în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Entreprindere?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Întreprindere">întreprinderi</a>. Se prevede de asemenea că limba de predare în învățământ este franceza. Această lege conține și sancțiuni. În Comunitatea Franceză din Belgia există un decret<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> care prevede folosirea de termeni francezi în locul termenilor străini în documentele de interes public, dar respectarea sa nu poate fi urmărită, pentru că nu prevede sancțiuni. În Québec, deși nu este stat suveran, este totuși în vigoare <i>Carta limbii franceze</i> din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1977?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1977">1977</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, conform căreia franceza este limba oficială a provinciei.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Arret.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Arret.jpg/250px-Arret.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="318" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="580"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 318px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Arret.jpg/250px-Arret.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="318" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Arret.jpg/375px-Arret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Arret.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Indicator „oprire la intersecție” în Québec </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Reglementare">Reglementare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Reglementare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Formarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_standard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbă standard">standardului limbii</a> franceze a fost un proces îndelungat legat de impunerea francezei în paralel cu cea a puterii centrale pe tot teritoriul Franței. În acest proces au jucat un rol important și grupuri de intelectuali, în vremea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rena%C8%99terea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Renașterea">Renașterii franceze</a>, și, mai ales începând cu secolul al XVII-lea, instituții oficiale, în primul rând <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Academia_Francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Academia Franceză">Academia Franceză</a>, destinate normării limbii. Până pe la jumătatea secolului al XX-lea au fost considerate corecte, de urmat și de predat numai cuvintele din dicționarele Academiei și regulile fixate de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gramatic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gramatică">gramaticile</a> acesteia și ale adepților ei.</p> <p>Încă din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XIX-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XIX-lea">secolul al XIX-lea</a>, începând cu afirmarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantism">romantismului</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Literatur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Literatură">literatura</a> s-a eliberat tot mai mult de normele lingvistice clasice, prezentând un spectru foarte larg și variat al folosirii limbii. Normele sunt în general respectate în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Varietate_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Varietate (lingvistică)">varietatea</a> vorbită și mai ales cea scrisă a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Registru_de_limb%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Registru de limbă">registrului de limbă</a> curent, și cu atât mai mult în registrul elevat. Limbajul mediei este influențat de limba vorbită de majoritatea populației, mai ales de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lexic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lexic">lexicul</a> registrului familiar.</p> <p>În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XXI-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XXI-lea">secolul al XXI-lea</a>, în Franța se ocupă de standard, de promovarea limbii, de protejarea ei față de engleză, nu numai Academia, ci și alte organisme oficiale, precum <i>Conseil supérieur de la langue française</i> (Ministerul Limbii Franceze), <i>Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France</i> (Delegația Generală pentru Limba Franceză și Limbile din Franța) și, în cadrul, acesteia <i>Commission d'enrichissement de la langue française</i> (Comisia de Îmbogățire a limbii franceze)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Academia nu mai este autoritatea supremă în ceea ce privește standardul, existând diferențe de vederi nu numai între lingviști, ci chiar și între instituții. Un exemplu pregnant în acest sens sunt disputele în jurul reformării <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortografie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ortografie">ortografiei</a>. În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990">1990</a>, la inițiativa guvernului, Consiliul Superior al Limbii Franceze elaborează și propune o reformă limitată a ortografiei, acceptată de Academie, și o publică sub formă de raport în <i>Journal officiel</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Propunerile provoacă multe reacții negative<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Și Academia revine asupra acceptului ei, iar rectificările ortografiei rămân facultative.</p> <p>Și în alte țări unde franceza este oficială au fost înființate organisme de reglementare a ei. În Belgia există <i>Conseil de la langue française et de la politique linguistique</i> (Consiliul Limbii Franceze și al Politicii Lingvistice) și <i>Direction de la langue française</i> (Direcția Limbii Franceze), în Québec există <i>Ministère de la langue française</i> și <i>Office québécois de la langue française</i> (Oficiul din Québec al Limbii Franceze), în Elveția – <i>Délégation à la langue française</i> (Delegația pentru Limba Franceză). La nivelul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francofonie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Francofonie">Francofoniei</a> funcționează <i>Conseil international de la langue française</i> (Consiliul Internațional al Limbii Franceze).</p> <p>Între principalele țări francofone există unele mici deosebiri de standard. De exemplu, în Belgia și în Elveția, lui <i>soixante-dix</i> „șaptezeci” îi corespunde cuvântul <i>septante</i>. În Québec, standardul acceptă mult mai puține <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Emprumut_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Împrumut (lingvistică)">împrumuturi</a> din engleză decât în Franța. De pildă, în cea din urmă, cuvântului „parcare” îi corespunde <i>parking</i>, dar în primul – <i>stationnement</i>. O mențiune aparte se cuvine tendinței determinate de principiul egalității dintre sexe de a da și o formă de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gen_gramatical?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gen gramatical">feminin</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Substantiv?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Substantiv">substantivelor</a> nume de persoană ce desemnează ocupații, profesiuni, funcții și titluri care au tradițional numai formă de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gen_gramatical?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gen gramatical">masculin</a>. În Québec, aceasta s-a generalizat și a intrat în standard încă din anii <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1980?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1980">1980</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. În Franța, <i>Institut national de la langue française (INaLF)</i> (Institutul Național al Limbii Franceze), din cadrul <i>Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)</i> (Centrul Național al Cercetării Științifice), a scos un ghid<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> care prezintă principiile acestor feminizări, formele feminine deja existente și cele nou propuse. Aceste inovații au fost sprijinite de guvern, dar nu au fost acceptate de Academie. Și în Elveția s-a oficializat feminizarea<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Între formele acceptate sunt unele deosebiri de la țară la țară. De exemplu, pentru cuvântul „autoare”, ghidul din Franța recomandă <i>une auteur</i> sau <i>une auteure</i>, în Québec s-a adoptat numai <i>une auteure</i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, iar în Elveția se recomandă <i>une autrice</i><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Influența_asupra_altor_limbi"><span id="Influen.C8.9Ba_asupra_altor_limbi"></span>Influența asupra altor limbi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Influența asupra altor limbi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Bogăția <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lexic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lexic">lexicului</a> francez datorează mult împrumuturilor din diferite alte limbi (vezi <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lexicul_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lexicul limbii franceze">Lexicul limbii franceze</a>), dar și franceza a influențat lexicul multor limbi.</p> <p>Această influență se exercita deja în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evul_Mediu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evul Mediu">Evul Mediu</a>. În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XI-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XI-lea">secolul al XI-lea</a> a început influența francezei asupra limbii engleze, când <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglia">Anglia</a> a fost cucerită de oșteni care vorbeau limbi <i>oïl</i>, mai ales cea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_normand%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba normandă">normandă</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nobilime?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nobilime">Nobilimea</a> și curtea regală vorbea așa-numita <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_anglo-normand%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba anglo-normandă">limbă anglo-normandă</a>, regii vorbind-o până la sfârșitul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XIV-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XIV-lea">secolului al XIV-lea</a>. A continuat apoi să influențeze engleza limba franceză formată complet între timp pe continent. Se datorează mai ales prestigiului limbii franceze scrise faptul că lexicul limbii engleze a fost francez în proporție de 60% până în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XVIII-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XVIII-lea">secolul al XVIII-lea</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poezie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poezie">Poezia</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Truver&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Truver — pagină inexistentă">truverilor</a> s-a răspândit și în Italia și în teritoriile de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba germană">limbă germană</a>. Cuvintele <i>mangiare</i> „a mânca” (&lt; franceză <i>manger</i>) și <i>avventura</i> „aventură” (&lt; franc. <i>aventure</i>) au ajuns în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_italian%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba italiană">limba italiană</a> în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XII-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XII-lea">secolul al XII-lea</a>. Cel din urmă a intrat în același timp în germană, sub forma <i>Abenteuer</i><sup id="cite_ref-dixel_1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dixel_1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XVI-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XVI-lea">secolul al XVI-lea</a> a continuat intrarea de cuvinte franceze în aceste limbi.</p> <p>Cuvinte franceze au ajuns în și mai multe limbi europene în secolul al XVII-lea, când Franța era o mare putere politică și culturală, apoi în secolul al XVIII-lea, când puterea țării scăzuse, dar impactul său cultural a crescut datorită ideilor <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epoca_Luminilor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoca Luminilor">Epocii Luminilor</a>. Pe vremea aceea, din America de Nord și până în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, aristocrații și intelectualii nu se puteau lipsi de cunoașterea limbii franceze. Franceza devenise limba comunicării internaționale în locul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba latină">latinei</a>, în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diploma%C8%9Bie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diplomație">diplomație</a> și în științe<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>În secolul al XIX-lea, influența francezei s-a extins și asupra limbilor care se vorbeau în coloniile Franței.</p> <p>Cuvinte franceze sunt prezente în multe domenii, mai ales în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastronomie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gastronomie">gastronomie</a>, în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modă">modă</a>, în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cosmetic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cosmetică">cosmetică</a>, în domeniul militar și în cel al sentimentelor și caracterului<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Engleza este limba care a împrumutat cele mai multe cuvinte din franceză. În secolul al XXI-lea, lexicul limbii engleze încă mai este, după unii autori<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în proporție de 30%, după alții<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> în proporție de 33% de origine franceză.</p> <p>Altă limbă în care sunt relativ multe cuvinte de origine franceză este <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba română">româna</a>: 22,12% din lexic<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_polonez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba poloneză">limba poloneză</a> au intrat circa 3.500 de cuvinte franceze, în urma relațiilor strânse dintre Franța și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> începute în secolul al XVIII-lea<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Și în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_spaniol%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba spaniolă">limba spaniolă</a> sunt circa 2.000 de cuvinte din franceză, 7,1% din lexic<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Au fost împrumutate cuvinte franceze și de către limbi îndepărtate de franceză, genetic, geografic sau din ambele puncte de vedere. Astfel sunt, printre altele, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_maghiar%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba maghiară">limba maghiară</a> sau <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_persan%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba persană">limba persană</a>, care ambele au adoptat, de exemplu, cuvântul <i>rouge</i> „ruj”, sau chiar <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_chinez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba chineză">limba chineză</a>, în care „alo” la telefon se spune <i>wei</i>, de la cuvântul <i>ouais</i> din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Registru_de_limb%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Registru de limbă">registrul de limbă</a> familiar al francezei, corespunzător lui <i>oui</i> „da”, din registrul curent<sup id="cite_ref-dixel_1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-dixel_1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Limbi_creole_cu_bază_lexicală_franceză"><span id="Limbi_creole_cu_baz.C4.83_lexical.C4.83_francez.C4.83"></span>Limbi creole cu bază lexicală franceză</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limbi creole cu bază lexicală franceză" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>În imperiul colonial francez s-au creat numeroase <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_creol%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbă creolă">limbi creole</a>. În secolul al XXI-lea sunt repertoriate 15<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:</p> <ul> <li>în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/America?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="America">America</a>: creola din Louisiana, cea din Haiti, cea din Guadelupa, cea din Martinica, cea din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, cea din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sf%C3%A2nta_Lucia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sfânta Lucia">Sfânta Lucia</a>, cea din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidad?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>, cea din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guyana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, cea din insulele <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Les_Saintes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Les Saintes — pagină inexistentă">Les Saintes</a>;</li> <li>în Oceanul Indian, având ca trunchi comun creola <i>mascarin</i>, numită și <i>bourbonnais</i>: creola din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9union?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>, cea din Mauritius, cea din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insula_Rodrigues?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Insula Rodrigues">insula Rodrigues</a>, cea din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seychelles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>, cea din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arhipelagul_Chagos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arhipelagul Chagos">arhipelagul Chagos</a> (vorbită în Mauritius de urmașii celor deportați aici din Chagos);</li> <li>în Oceania: creola <i>tayo</i> (în Noua Caledonie).</li> </ul> <p>În două țări, creola locală este limbă oficială: în Haiti (pe lângă franceză)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și în Seychelles (pe lângă engleză și franceză).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Varietăți_regionale"><span id="Variet.C4.83.C8.9Bi_regionale"></span>Varietăți regionale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Varietăți regionale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Variet%C4%83%C8%9Bile_regionale_ale_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Varietățile regionale ale limbii franceze">Varietățile regionale ale limbii franceze</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <p>Conform interpretării din secolul al XXI-lea, varietăți regionale ale limbii franceze sunt considerate ansamblurile de particularități cu care este folosită limba complet formată și însușită de toți vorbitorii din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francofonie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Francofonie">Francofonie</a>, în diferitele teritorii din lume ale acesteia. Aceste varietăți nu se confundă cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grai">graiurile</a> numite tradițional <i>patois</i> în franceză, vorbite pe teritoriul din Franța al limbii franceze din Evul Mediu până prin secolul al XIX-lea, și care practic au dispărut<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Varietățile regionale ale limbii franceze actuale nu se confundă nici cu celelalte limbi <i>oïl</i> vorbite în jumătatea de nord a Franței, care n-au dispărut total, și care sunt considerate oficial <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_regional%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbă regională">limbi regionale</a>, împreună cu alte limbi romanice din afara grupului <i>oïl</i> și cu alte limbi neromanice<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Dialectes_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Dialectes_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise.png/600px-Dialectes_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="335" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2753" data-file-height="1538"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 600px;height: 335px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Dialectes_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise.png/600px-Dialectes_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise.png" data-width="600" data-height="335" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Dialectes_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise.png/900px-Dialectes_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Dialectes_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise.png/1200px-Dialectes_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <div style="text-align:center"> Principalele varietăți și grupuri de varietăți regionale ale limbii franceze </div> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Franceza are foarte multe varietăți regionale. Principalele varietăți și grupuri de varietăți sunt următoarele (reprezentate pe harta de mai sus):</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"> <ul> <li>în Europa: <ul> <li>în Franța: <ul> <li>de nord;</li> <li>de sud;</li> </ul></li> <li>belgiană;</li> <li>elvețiană;</li> </ul></li> <li>în America: <ul> <li>în Canada: <ul> <li>din provincia Québec;</li> <li>acadiană (în principal în provincia New Brunswick);</li> </ul></li> <li><i>cadiană</i> (în Statele Unite ale Americii, în statul Louisiana);</li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arhipelagul_Antilelor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Arhipelagul Antilelor">antileză</a> (în Haiti, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guadelupa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guadelupa">Guadelupa</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martinica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martinica">Martinica</a>);</li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guyana_Francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guyana Franceză">guyaneză</a>;</li> </ul></li> </ul></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"> <ul> <li>în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Africa">Africa</a>: <ul> <li>din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magreb?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magreb">Magreb</a> (în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mauritania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, Maroc, Algeria și Tunisia);</li> <li>din Africa Subsahariană (mai ales în fostele <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colonie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Colonie">colonii</a> franceze și belgiene);</li> </ul></li> <li>din Oceanul Indian (în Madagascar și pe insulele care au aparținut cândva sau aparțin Franței);</li> <li>în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asia">Asia</a>: <ul> <li>libaneză;</li> <li>din Puducherry (în India);</li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indochina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indochina">indochineză</a> (în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vietnam?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laos">Laos</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambodgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambodgia">Cambodgia</a>);</li> </ul></li> <li>în Oceania: <ul> <li>din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Noua_Caledonie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noua Caledonie">Noua Caledonie</a>;</li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polinezia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polinezia">polineziană</a>.</li> </ul></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Fiecare dintre cele de mai sus se subîmparte în alte varietăți regionale, de exemplu în cea din sudul Franței este o varietate <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyon">lyoneză</a>, în cea din Québec una <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montréal">montréaleză</a>, în cea din Antile una haitiană, în cea din Oceanul Indian una din Mauritius etc.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istoria_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istoria limbii franceze">Istoria limbii franceze</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <p>Istoria <a class="mw-selflink selflink">limbii franceze</a> începe odată cu cucerirea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galia">Galiei</a> de către <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Antic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Antică">romani</a>, terminată în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_I_%C3%AE.Hr.?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul I î.Hr.">secolul I î.Hr.</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83_popular%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Limba latină populară">Limba latină populară</a> este adoptată treptat de populația autohtonă, în cursul unei perioade de bilingvism care durează până în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_V-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al V-lea">secolul al V-lea</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_galic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba galică">Limba galică</a> o influențează pe cea latină, constituind <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Substrat_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Substrat (lingvistică)">substratul</a> viitoarei limbi franceze. Se formează astfel o limbă numită de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lingvistic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lingvistică">lingviști</a> galo-romană<sup id="cite_ref-leclerc_34-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-leclerc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Secolele V-<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_VIII-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al VIII-lea">VIII</a> sunt perioada limbii galo-romane, la începutul căreia nordul Galiei este cucerit de către <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triburi_germanice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Triburi germanice">tribul germanic</a> al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franci">francilor</a>. Acesta își impune puterea politică înființând un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regat">regat</a>, dar limba galo-romană o asimilează pe cea a francilor. Totuși, elemente ale acesteia dau un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suprastrat_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suprastrat (lingvistică)">suprastrat</a> viitoarei limbi franceze. Limba galo-romană este fărâmițată în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dialect?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dialect">dialecte</a>. Cele din nordul Galiei, sub influența francă, încep să formeze o grupare numită <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_o%C3%AFl?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbi oïl"><i>oïl</i></a>, iar cele din sud, cu alte trăsături comune, încep să formeze gruparea dialectelor <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_romanice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbi romanice"><i>oc</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leclerc_34-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-leclerc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Din perioada limbii protofranceze (sec. VIII-<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_X-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al X-lea">X</a>) datează primele texte scrise ce reflectă o limbă diferită de latină. În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_IX-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al IX-lea">secolul al IX-lea</a> se diferențiază net dialectele <i>oïl</i> de cele <i>oc</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>În perioada francezei vechi (secolele X-<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XIV-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XIV-lea">XIV</a>) se scrie în mai multe dialecte <i>oïl</i>, dar în ele, trăsăturile comune sunt relativ numeroase. Deși primele opere <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Literatur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Literatură">literare</a> nu sunt scrise în acesta, unul dintre dialecte, numit <i>françois</i>, vorbit în regiunea din jurul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Parisului</a>, corespunzătoare aproximativ domeniului regal, câștigă prestigiu. Trăsăturile comune încep să se răspândească în vorbire datorită prestigiului dialectului <i>françois</i>, de asemenea formându-se și răspândindu-se treptat o limbă scrisă comună, deoarece începe să fie folosită și în administrația regală, pe lângă latină. De aici încolo, istoria limbii franceze va fi cea a răspândirii și impunerii treptate a acestei limbi comune, pe măsură ce regatul își extinde dominația pe tot teritoriul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franța">Franței</a> actuale, în partea de sud a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgia">Belgiei</a>, în vestul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elve%C8%9Bia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elveția">Elveției</a> și în teritorii de pe alte <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Continent?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Continent">continente</a>, evoluând și îmbogățindu-se continuu cu elemente din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idiom?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idiom">idiomurile</a> pe care le înlocuiește în mare parte, și cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Emprumut_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Împrumut (lingvistică)">împrumuturi</a> din multe limbi străine<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>În secolele XIV-<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XVI-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XVI-lea">XVI</a> (perioada francezei medii), limba evoluează, printre altele simplificându-se prin eliminarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Declinare?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Declinare">declinării</a>. În secolul al XVI-lea, cel al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rena%C8%99terea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renașterea">Renașterii</a>, se împrumută multe latinisme și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_italian%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba italiană">italianisme</a>, iar <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_literar%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbă literară">limba literară</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> se îmbogățește și cu cuvinte din celelalte idiomuri vorbite în țară. Apar primele lucrări lingvistice (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dic%C8%9Bionar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dicționar">dicționare</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gramatic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gramatică">gramatici</a>) care se ocupă de limba franceză, împreună cu preocupări de unificare a limbii literare. În același timp, regalitatea caută să înlocuiască latina în administrație și în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justi%C8%9Bie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justiție">justiție</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Secolele XVII (cel al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clasicism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clasicism">clasicismului</a>) și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XVIII-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XVIII-lea">XVIII</a> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iluminism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iluminism">epoca Luminilor</a>) sunt perioada francezei clasice și de trecere la franceza modernă. În secolul al XVII-lea, limba literară este <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_standard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbă standard">standardizată</a> în contextul mai general al autoritarismului ce caracterizează <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regim_politic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regim politic">regimul</a>, normele impunând un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lexic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lexic">lexic</a> „purificat”, relativ sărac, dar o structură gramaticală fixată în mod rațional, iar în secolul al XVIII-lea, și lexicul ajunge să țină pasul cu necesitățile <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbaj_(dezambiguizare)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Limbaj (dezambiguizare)">limbajelor</a> de specialitate. Este perioada în care, datorită prestigiului <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cultur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cultură">culturii</a> pe care o poartă, franceza este limba de comunicare internațională a elitelor politice și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intelectual?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intelectual">intelectuale</a>, dar încă nu se impune majoritar în vorbirea curentă din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Provincie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Provincie">provinciile</a> Franței, unde domină idiomurile locale<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>În secolul al XVIII-lea, franceza intră în perioada sa modernă. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Revoluția franceză">Revoluția franceză</a> de la sfârșitul secolului face din franceză o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_na%C8%9Bional%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbă națională">limbă națională</a>, pe care caută să o impună în mod autoritar în toată Franța. În această perioadă, franceza continuă să câștige teren, deși nu în măsura dorită de autoritățile revoluționare. Impunerea francezei ca politică de stat se intensifică în cursul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XIX-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XIX-lea">secolului al XIX-lea</a> prin intermediul școlii, momentul decisiv fiind instituirea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Env%C4%83%C8%9B%C4%83m%C3%A2nt?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Învățământ">învățământului</a> primar public, gratuit și obligatoriu. De atunci, extinderea treptată a duratei școlarizării duce la utilizarea francezei de către toți locuitorii, în detrimentul idiomurilor locale<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XX-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XX-lea">secolul al XX-lea</a>, franceza contemporană cunoaște o pierdere de teren pe plan mondial în favoarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba engleză">limbii engleze</a>, dar continuă să fie una din limbile de comunicare internațională, căutându-se printr-o politică lingvistică oficial adoptată să se limiteze pe cât posibil influența englezei asupra ei, și să se mențină răspândirea pe care o mai are în lume<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Fonologie,_fonetică_și_prozodie"><span id="Fonologie.2C_fonetic.C4.83_.C8.99i_prozodie"></span>Fonologie, fonetică și prozodie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Fonologie, fonetică și prozodie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonologia,_fonetica_%C8%99i_prozodia_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonologia, fonetica și prozodia limbii franceze">Fonologia, fonetica și prozodia limbii franceze</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <p>Aspectul sonor al limbii franceze prezintă următoarele caracteristici generale:</p> <ul> <li>Articularea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunet_(fonetic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunet (fonetică)">sunetelor</a> se face cu o tensiune <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mu%C8%99chi_(anatomie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mușchi (anatomie)">musculară</a> mare și constantă, ceea ce determină în principal o mare stabilitate a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Timbru?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Timbru">timbrului</a> sunetelor.</li> <li>În franceză sunt preponderente sunetele cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loc_de_articulare?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loc de articulare">loc de articulare</a> anterior.</li> <li>Sunt preponderente silabele deschise (55%)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> față de cele închise, ceea ce conferă francezei un caracter de limbă foarte vocalică, deci clară și sonoră<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Vorbirea este segmentată în grupuri ritmice, a căror unitate este asigurată de un singur <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Accent?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Accent">accent</a> principal, pe ultima <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silab%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silabă">silabă</a> a grupului ritmic, de înlănțuirea (<i>enchaînement</i>) <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consoan%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consoană">consonantică</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vocal%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vocală">vocalică</a>, de elidare și de legătură (<i>liaison</i>).</li> <li>Ritmul vorbirii se caracterizează prin periodicitatea relativ regulată a silabelor accentuate și neaccentuate, prin egalitatea de durată și de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intensitate_sonor%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intensitate sonoră">intensitate</a> a acestora și prin numărul nici prea mic, nici prea mare de silabe dintr-un grup ritmic (3-7)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Gramatică"><span id="Gramatic.C4.83"></span>Gramatică</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Gramatică" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <p>Ca limbă romanică, franceza prezintă asemănări, dar și deosebiri față de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba română">limba română</a> în ceea ce privește structura gramaticală<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Morfologie">Morfologie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Morfologie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Determinanții_și_părțile_de_vorbire_nominale"><span id="Determinan.C8.9Bii_.C8.99i_p.C4.83r.C8.9Bile_de_vorbire_nominale"></span>Determinanții și părțile de vorbire nominale</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Determinanții și părțile de vorbire nominale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Determinan%C8%9Bii_%C8%99i_p%C4%83r%C8%9Bile_de_vorbire_nominale_%C3%AEn_limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Determinanții și părțile de vorbire nominale în limba franceză">Determinanții și părțile de vorbire nominale în limba franceză</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <p>Majoritatea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Determinant_(gramatic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Determinant (gramatică)">determinanților</a> abstracți folosiți în franceză au corespondenți exacți în română. Aceștia sunt <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Articol_(gramatic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Articol (gramatică)">articolul</a> hotărât, articolul nehotărât, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adjectiv_pronominal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adjectiv pronominal">adjectivele pronominale</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Numeral?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Numeral">numeralul</a>, atunci când este folosit ca determinant. Doar funcția <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Articol_partitiv?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Articol partitiv">articolului partitiv</a> este îndeplinită prin alte procedee în română. Altă deosebire între determinanți în cele două limbi este că adjectivele pronominale <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adjectiv_posesiv?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adjectiv posesiv">posesive</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adjectiv_demonstrativ?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adjectiv demonstrativ">demonstrative</a> franceze au forme cu totul deosebite de pronumele corespunzătoare.</p> <p>Aproape toate <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parte_de_vorbire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parte de vorbire">părțile de vorbire</a> nominale din franceză se regăsesc și în română. Este vorba de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Substantiv?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Substantiv">substantiv</a>, de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adjectiv?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adjectiv">adjectivul</a> calificativ, de numeral în general și de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronume?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pronume">pronume</a>: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronume_personal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pronume personal">personal</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronume_posesiv?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pronume posesiv">posesiv</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronume_demonstrativ?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pronume demonstrativ">demonstrativ</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronume_interogativ?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pronume interogativ">interogativ</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronume_relativ?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pronume relativ">relativ</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronume_nehot%C4%83r%C3%A2t?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pronume nehotărât">nehotărât</a>. Doar pronumele adverbial nu are corespondent exact în română.</p> <p>Ca în limbile romanice în general, majoritatea cuvintelor din aceste categorii gramaticale se caracterizează prin <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gen_gramatical?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gen gramatical">gen gramatical</a> (masculin și feminin), precum și prin <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Num%C4%83r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Număr">număr</a> (singular și plural), deși aceste trăsături nu sunt totdeauna reprezentate de forma sonoră a cuvintelor. Pluralul este auzibil numai în mod excepțional, dar este totdeauna marcat în scris. Genul majorității substantivelor și al unor adjective nu este indicat de forma cuvintelor, dar în general se poate deduce din forma celor cu care se acordă, deși de multe ori numai în scris. Unele pronume sunt invariabile și genul lor este indicat numai de acordul cu alte cuvinte (de exemplu pronumele personale de persoana a II-a), altele sunt neutre, anume cele care se referă la o <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propozi%C8%9Bie_gramatical%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Propoziție gramaticală">propoziție</a> sau la un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verb?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verb">verb</a> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infinitiv?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Infinitiv">infinitiv</a> (de exemplu pronumele demonstrativ <i>cela</i> „aceasta”).</p> <p>Franceza modernă, ca și celelalte limbi romanice, în afară de română, nu cunoaște <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Declinare?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Declinare">declinarea</a>, ci doar câteva vestigii ale ei în domeniul pronumelui personal.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Verbul">Verbul</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Verbul" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verbul_%C3%AEn_limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verbul în limba franceză">Verbul în limba franceză</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <p>Verbul francez exprimă aceleași categorii gramaticale ca și cel din română, adică <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diatez%C4%83_(gramatic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diateză (gramatică)">diateza</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod_(gramatic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mod (gramatică)">modul</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Timp_(gramatic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Timp (gramatică)">timpul</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persoan%C4%83_(gramatic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persoană (gramatică)">persoana</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genul_gramatical?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Genul gramatical">genul</a> (masculin și feminin), acesta fiind limitat la modul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Participiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Participiu">participiu</a>. O diferență importantă între cele două limbi este că în franceză formele temporale sunt mai numeroase.</p> <p>Dat fiind că <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortografie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ortografie">ortografia</a> limbii franceze este în foarte mare măsură <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etimologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etimologie">etimologică</a>, deci nu redă fidel pronunțarea, în conjugare trebuie să se țină seamă de faptul că în vorbire sunt mai puține <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Desinen%C8%9B%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Desinență">desinențe</a> personale decât în scris. Sunt de exemplu categorii de verbe la care, la anumite timpuri, patru desinențe se scriu în trei feluri, dar în vorbire se aude numai <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C4%83d%C4%83cin%C4%83_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rădăcină (lingvistică)">rădăcina</a> verbului, deci la patru persoane verbul sună la fel. De aceea, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morfem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morfem">morfemul</a> persoanei a devenit în mare măsură <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subiect?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Subiect">subiectul</a> exprimat prin alt cuvânt. Ca urmare, verbul apare numai pe lângă un asemenea cuvânt. La persoana a treia acesta este un substantiv, un pronume sau, mai rar, un verb la infinitiv, iar la persoanele I și a II-a, un pronume personal. Singura excepție este cea a modului <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperativ?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperativ">imperativ</a>, la care pronumele se folosește numai pentru scoaterea în evidență a persoanei.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Părțile_de_vorbire_neflexibile"><span id="P.C4.83r.C8.9Bile_de_vorbire_neflexibile"></span>Părțile de vorbire neflexibile</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Părțile de vorbire neflexibile" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C4%83r%C8%9Bile_de_vorbire_neflexibile_%C3%AEn_limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Părțile de vorbire neflexibile în limba franceză">Părțile de vorbire neflexibile în limba franceză</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <p>Părțile de vorbire neflexibile din limba franceză sunt aceleași ca cele din română. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adverb?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adverb">Adverbul</a> are funcție <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sintax%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sintaxă">sintactică</a>, iar <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prepozi%C8%9Bie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prepoziție">prepoziția</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conjunc%C8%9Bie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conjuncție">conjuncția</a> sunt <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cuv%C3%A2nt_gramatical?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cuvânt gramatical">cuvinte gramaticale</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interjec%C8%9Bie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interjecție">Interjecția</a> nu are funcție gramaticală în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propozi%C8%9Bie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Propoziție">propoziție</a>, putând doar constitui singură o propoziție neanalizabilă. La fel pot fi folosite și unele cuvinte considerate în mod tradițional adverbe. Astfel de cuvinte mai pot avea și alte două funcții nesintactice, cea de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modalizator?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modalizator">modalizator</a> și cea de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conector_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conector (lingvistică)">conector</a>.</p> <p>Spre deosebire de română, în franceză sunt rare adjectivele folosite cu aceeași formă și ca adverbe. În schimb sunt foarte frecvente adverbele, mai ales de mod, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Derivare_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Derivare (lingvistică)">derivate</a> din adjective.</p> <p>În franceză, toate <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atribut?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atribut">atributele</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atribut_substantival?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atribut substantival">substantivale</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atribut_pronominal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atribut pronominal">pronominale</a>, precum și toate <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Complement?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Complement">complementele</a> exprimate prin substantiv sau pronume accentuat sunt formate cu prepoziții, înlocuind complet declinarea.</p> <p>Conjuncțiile și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Locu%C8%9Biune_conjunc%C8%9Bional%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Locuțiune conjuncțională">locuțiunile conjuncționale</a> subordonatoare sunt asociate cu un anumit mod verbal la care se folosește <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Predicat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Predicat">predicatul</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propozi%C8%9Bie_subordonat%C4%83_circumstan%C8%9Bial%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Propoziție subordonată circumstanțială">propoziției subordonate circumstanțiale</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sintaxă"><span id="Sintax.C4.83"></span>Sintaxă</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sintaxă" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sintaxa_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sintaxa limbii franceze">Sintaxa limbii franceze</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <p>Pentru limba franceză este caracteristic faptul că în grupul substantival poate fi folosit un singur determinant abstract dintre articole (nehotărât, hotărât, partitiv) sau dintre adjectivele posesiv, demonstrativ și interogativ. Numai determinantul numeral și anumite adjective nehotărâte pot fi folosite împreună cu un articol. Este o chestiune complexă cea a cazurilor când substantivul se folosește fără articol.</p> <p>În grupul substantival cu atribut(e) este de asemenea o chestiune complexă cea a locului <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atribut_adjectival?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atribut adjectival">atributului adjectival</a> față de substantiv și a atributelor subordonate unui același substantiv față de acesta, precum și al acestor atribute unul față de celălalt/celelalte.</p> <p>În ceea ce privește propoziția, nu sunt diferențe esențiale între franceză și română în analiza sintactică, deși sunt diferențe de interpretare a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parte_de_propozi%C8%9Bie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parte de propoziție">părților de propoziție</a> între gramaticile celor două limbi. În schimb sunt diferențe esențiale în procedeele (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Topic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Topică">topică</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonologia,_fonetica_%C8%99i_prozodia_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Prozodie" title="Fonologia, fonetica și prozodia limbii franceze">prozodie</a>, construcții) prin care se exprimă rolul de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tem%C4%83_%C8%99i_rem%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temă și remă">temă</a> și de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tem%C4%83_%C8%99i_rem%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temă și remă">remă</a> al diferitelor părți ale propoziției și prin care se scoate în evidență una sau alta dintre ele.</p> <p>Privitor la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propozi%C8%9Bie_gramatical%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#propozi%C8%9Bia_interogativ%C4%83" title="Propoziție gramaticală">propoziția interogativă</a>, specific pentru franceză este că o anume întrebare totală sau parțială poate avea de cele mai multe ori nu o singură construcție, ci două, trei sau patru.</p> <p>Pentru <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propozi%C8%9Bie_gramatical%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#propozi%C8%9Bia_negativ%C4%83" title="Propoziție gramaticală">propoziția negativă</a> este caracteristic faptul că în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limb%C4%83_standard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbă standard">limba standard</a> aceasta se bazează totdeauna pe cuvântul negativ <i>ne</i> și aproape totdeauna pe cel puțin încă un cuvânt negativ.</p> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fraz%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frază">Fraza</a> franceză care cuprinde numai <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coordonare_(gramatic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coordonare (gramatică)">propoziții coordonate</a> și corespondenta ei românească nu prezintă diferențe esențiale, însă cea cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propozi%C8%9Bie_subordonat%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Propoziție subordonată">propoziție/propoziții subordonată/subordonate</a> diferă în mai multe privințe. Una este folosirea modului la care se exprimă predicatul subordonatei, dar și a timpului acestuia, deoarece în franceză <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concordan%C8%9Ba_timpurilor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concordanța timpurilor">concordanța timpurilor</a> este mai puțin suplă decât în română.</p> <p>Altă deosebire între cele două limbi este că <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proces_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proces (lingvistică)">procesul</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> subordonat se exprimă cu verbul la infinitiv mult mai frecvent decât în română, uneori putând fi exprimat numai prin propoziție subordonată, alteori numai prin infinitiv, în câteva cazuri cele două construcții fiind la alegere.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Lexic">Lexic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lexic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lexicul_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lexicul limbii franceze">Lexicul limbii franceze</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lexic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lexic">Lexicul</a> limbii franceze se caracterizează în principal prin preponderența cuvintelor de origine latină, fie moștenite, fie împrumutate după constituirea limbii. Există și un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Substrat_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Substrat (lingvistică)">substrat</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_galilor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Limba galilor">galic</a>, din care au rămas relativ puține cuvinte. În număr ceva mai mare au rămas cuvinte dintr-un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suprastrat_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suprastrat (lingvistică)">suprastrat</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limbi_germanice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limbi germanice">germanic</a>, din care provin cele mai vechi împrumuturi. În tot cursul istoriei sale, limba franceză s-a îmbogățit cu numeroase cuvinte din limbi foarte diferite, care au intrat în limbă fie direct, fie indirect. Cele mai multe împrumuturi au provenit mai demult din limba italiană, iar astăzi predomină cele din engleză.</p> <p>Dintre mijloacele interne de îmbogățire a lexicului, o sursă foarte importantă a fost și rămâne <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Derivare_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Derivare (lingvistică)">derivarea</a>. Și prin <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compunere_(lingvistic%C4%83)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compunere (lingvistică)">compunere</a> s-au creat și se creează cuvinte noi, dar mai puține decât în limbi precum germana.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ortografie">Ortografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ortografie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortografia_limbii_franceze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ortografia limbii franceze">Ortografia limbii franceze</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortografie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ortografie">Ortografia</a> limbii franceze se caracterizează în primul rând prin faptul că redă <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pronun%C8%9Bie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pronunție">pronunțarea</a> într-un mod mult mai puțin fidel decât cum este redată cea a limbii române, de exemplu. Acest fapt are drept cauze îndelungata evoluție istorică a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scriere?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scriere">scrierii</a> acestei limbi, în care s-au combinat contactele dintre <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cultur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cultură">culturi</a> diferite, schimbările <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonetic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonetică">fonetice</a> ale limbii, progresele <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tehnic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tehnică">tehnice</a>, normele <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Societate_(sociologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Societate (sociologie)">sociale</a> și factori de putere <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politică">politică</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>În secolul al XVI-lea, când au apărut primele încercări de regularizare a scrierii, au apărut și două tendințe: pe de o parte cea de a apropia grafia de pronunțare, pe de altă parte cea de a respecta tradiția și de a scrie așa cum s-a fixat mai înainte, chiar dacă pronunțarea a evoluat între timp și scrierea a rămas în urmă. La adâncirea neconcordanței dintre scriere și pronunțare a contribuit și introducerea unor <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liter%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Literă">litere</a> numai cu scopul de a arăta originea latină a cuvintelor. Tendința de a face scrierea mai fidelă față de pronunțare și cea tradiționalistă s-au confruntat de atunci și continuă să se opună până în prezent, deocamdată având câștig de cauză a doua orientare.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <div class="references-small columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wolff_9-1">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wolff_9_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wolff_9_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Wolff 2010, p.&nbsp;9.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.francophonie.org">Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724001316/http://www.francophonie.org/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2010-07-24">24 iulie 2010</time>, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (accesat la 24 august 2018)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Leclerc 2017, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/Langues/2vital_inter_francais.htm">pagina Le français</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-diplomatie.gouv.fr-4">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-diplomatie.gouv.fr_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-diplomatie.gouv.fr_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-diplomatie.gouv.fr_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-diplomatie.gouv.fr_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-diplomatie.gouv.fr_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907123227/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/politique-etrangere-de-la-france/promotion-de-la-francophonie-et-de/pourquoi-promouvoir-la-langue/article/etat-des-lieux-du-francais-dans-le"><i>État des lieux du français dans le monde</i></a> (accesat la 24 august 2018).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Date prezentate la modul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Condi%C8%9Bional?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Condițional">condițional</a> de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907123227/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/politique-etrangere-de-la-france/promotion-de-la-francophonie-et-de/pourquoi-promouvoir-la-langue/article/etat-des-lieux-du-francais-dans-le"><i>État des lieux du français dans le monde</i></a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Printre acestea se numără, de exemplu, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_picard%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba picardă">limba picardă</a>, numită în mod curent <i>ch’ti</i> sau <i>ch'timi</i>, o limbă <i>oïl</i> vorbită în regiunea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a>, de către locuitorii acesteia, care își zic <i>ch’tis</i>. Exemplu de frază în <i>ch’ti</i>: <i>Ch’ti qui est nin contint i’a qu’à v’nir ém vir</i>, în franceză standard, <i>Celui qui n’est pas content n’a qu’à venir me voir</i> „Cel care nu e mulțumit nu are decât să vină să mă vadă”.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf">Europeans and their Languages</a> (Europenii și limbile lor). Comisia Europeană, 2006 (accesat la 24 august 2018).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Wolff,_2010-8">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wolff,_2010_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wolff,_2010_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Secțiune după Wolff 2010, în afara informațiilor din surse indicate separat.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">În franceză <i>Communauté française de Belgique</i>, numită și <i>Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles</i> (Federația Valonia-Bruxelles).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/europe/franceloi-1994.htm"><i>Loi du 4 août 1994 relative à l’emploi de la langue française</i></a> (Legea din 4 august 1994 referitoare la folosirea limbii franceze) (accesat la 24 august 2018).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/europe/belgiquefrn_decret78-spaak.htm"><i>Décret du 12 juillet 1978</i></a> (Decretul din 12 iulie <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1978?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1978">1978</a>) (accesat la 24 august 2018).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/amnord/quebeccharte.htm"><i>Charte de la langue française</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813021329/http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/amnord/quebeccharte.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2013-08-13">13 august 2013</time>, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (accesat la 24 august 2018).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Vezi <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/Thematiques/Langue-francaise-et-langues-de-France/Actualites/References-2016-l-enrichissement-de-la-langue-francaise">pagina</a> de pe site-ul Delegației Generale pentru Limba Franceză și Limbile din Franța referitoare la activitatea acestei comisii.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.academie-francaise.fr/sites/academie-francaise.fr/files/rectifications_1990.pdf"><i>Les rectifications de l’orthographe</i></a> (Rectificările ortografiei) (accesat la 24 august 2018).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">De exemplu din partea scriitorului Philippe de Saint Robert, în <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.asselaf.fr/infos/rapport_president.html"><i>Mémoire sur le rapport du groupe de travail sur les rectifications de l’orthographe</i></a> (Memoriu despre raportul grupului de lucru asupra rectificărilor ortografiei) (accesat la 24 august 2018).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Vezi în legătură cu aceasta, de exemplu, BDL, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://bdl.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/bdl/gabarit_bdl.asp?t1%3D1%26id%3D3336">pagina <i>Les noms féminins en -eure</i></a> (Substantivele feminine terminate în <i>-eure</i>) (accesat la 24 august 2018).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/var/storage/rapports-publics/994001174.pdf"><i>Femme, j’écris ton nom...</i></a> (Femeie, îți scriu numele...), 1999 (accesat la 24 august 2018).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Moreau 2001.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://bdl.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/bdl/gabarit_bdl.asp?t1%3D1%26id%3D3336"><i>Les noms féminins en -eure</i></a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Moreau 2001, p.&nbsp;38.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Dixel, p.&nbsp;2.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-dixel_1-22">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dixel_1_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-dixel_1_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Dixel, p.&nbsp;1.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Dixel, pp.&nbsp;2–3.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Dixel, pp.&nbsp;3–5.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">De exemplu Finkenstaedt și Wolff 1973.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">De exemplu Dixel, p.&nbsp;2.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Sala 1988.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Dixel, p.&nbsp;3.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://lema.rae.es/drae">DLE 2001</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Leclerc 2017, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/amsudant/creole.htm">pagina Créole</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Vezi <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj_Prensipal">Wikipedia în creola haitiană</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Secțiune după Thibault 2014, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://andre.thibault.pagesperso-orange.fr/FrancophLicenceSemaine2.3.pdf">săptămâna a II-a, p.&nbsp;6.</a> și <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626124809/http://ae-lib.org.ua/texts/klinkenberg__la_variete_linguistique__fr.htm%232">Klinkenberg 1999.</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Vezi pagina <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr/Politiques-ministerielles/Langue-francaise-et-langues-de-France/Politiques-de-la-langue/Langues-de-France/Langues-regionales"><i>Langues régionales</i></a> de pe site-ul Delegației generale pentru limba franceză și limbile din Franța, din cadrul Ministerului Culturii și al Comunicării (accesat la 24 august 2018).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-leclerc-34">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-leclerc_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-leclerc_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Leclerc 2017-2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HIST_FR_s1_Expansion-romaine.htm">cap. 1</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Acestea erau cuvintele afirmative corespunzătoare lui „da”.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Leclerc 2017-2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HIST_FR_s2_Periode-romane.htm">cap. 2</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Leclerc 2017-2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HIST_FR_s3_Ancien-francais.htm">cap. 3</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Aici în sensul de limbă folosită în scrierile literare.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Leclerc 2017-2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HIST_FR_s4_Moyen-francais.htm">cap. 4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HIST_FR_s5_Renaissance.htm">cap. 5</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Leclerc 2017-2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HIST_FR_s6_Grand-Siecle.htm">cap. 6.</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Leclerc 2017-2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HIST_FR_s7_Lumieres.htm">cap. 7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HIST_FR_s8_Revolution1789.htm">cap. 8.</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Leclerc 2017-2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HIST_FR_s9_Fr-contemporain.htm">cap. 9</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kalmbach 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://research.jyu.fi/phonfr/Manuel_2011.html">§ 7.1.</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Léon 1971, p.&nbsp;59.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Léon 1971, p.&nbsp;65.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Secțiune după Mauger 1971, Delatour 2004, Grevisse; Goosse 2007, Kalmbach 2017 și Wyler 2019.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Termen care include ceea ce poate exprima un verb, adică acțiunea, starea, existența, evoluția, dezvoltarea, desfășurarea etc. (Gheorghe Constantinescu-Dobridor, <i>Mic dicționar de terminologie lingvistică</i>, București, Albatros, 1980, p.&nbsp;338).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Desrochers 2008, p.&nbsp;7.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Surse_bibliografice">Surse bibliografice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Surse bibliografice" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <ul> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <i>L’apport du français aux autres langues</i> (Aportul francezei adus altor limbi), Le Robert, Dixel, Dossiers thématiques mensuels</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Delatour, Yvonne <i>et al.</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vk.com/doc162499119_346275411?hash%3Db28373417f2c851f9d%26dl%3D1b19e003a744437413"><i>Nouvelle grammaire du français</i></a> (Noua gramatică a francezei), Paris, Hachette, 2004 <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/2011552710?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-01-155271-0</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Desrochers, A.; Martineau, F.; Morin, Y.-C. (coord.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.entrepotnumerique.com/o/56/p/4033/excerpt"><i>Orthographe française. Évolution et pratique</i></a> (Ortografia franceză. Evoluție și practică), Ottawa, David, 2008, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9782895970682?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-89597-068-2</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba spaniolă">es</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://lema.rae.es/drae"><i>Diccionario de la lengua española</i></a> (Dicționarul limbii spaniole) (DLE), ediția a XXII-a, Real Academia Española, 2001 (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> Finkenstaedt, Thomas și Wolff, Dieter, <i>Ordered profusion; studies in dictionaries and the English lexicon</i>, C. Winter, 1973, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/3533022536?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-533-02253-6</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> France Diplomatie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907123227/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/politique-etrangere-de-la-france/promotion-de-la-francophonie-et-de/pourquoi-promouvoir-la-langue/article/etat-des-lieux-du-francais-dans-lee"><i>État des lieux du français dans le monde</i></a> (Situația limbii franceze în lume), ultima actualizare la 8 ianuarie 2013 (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Grevisse, Maurice și Goosse, André, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ia600905.us.archive.org/33/items/MauriceGrevisseAndrGoosseLeBonUsageGrammaireFranaise14thEd./Maurice_Grevisse%252C_Andr%25C3%25A9_Goosse_Le_Bon_Usage__Grammaire_Fran%25C3%25A7aise__14th_Ed..pdf">Le Bon usage. Grammaire française</a></i> (Folosirea corectă a limbii. Gramatică franceză), ediția a XIV-a, Bruxelles, De Boeck Université, 2007, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9782801114049?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-8011-1404-9</a> (accesat la 4 ianuarie 2022)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Kalmbach, Jean-Michel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517014122/http://research.jyu.fi/grfle/accueil.html"><i>La grammaire du français langue étrangère pour étudiants finnophones</i></a> (Gramatica limbii franceze ca limbă străină pentru studenți vorbitori de finlandeză), versiunea 1.5., Universitatea din Jyväskylä (Finlanda), 2017, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9789513942601?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-951-39-4260-1</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Kalmbach, Jean-Michel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://research.jyu.fi/phonfr/Manuel_2011.html"><i>Phonétique et prononciation du français pour apprenants finnophones</i></a> (Fonetica și pronunțarea limbii franceze pentru vorbitorii de limba finlandeză), versiunea 1.1.9., Universitatea din Jyväskylä (Finlanda), 2013b, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9789513944247?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-951-39-4424-7</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Klinkenberg, Jean-Marie, <i>Des langues romanes</i> (Despre limbile romanice), ediția a II-a; partea I, capitolul II, Paris / Bruxelles, Duculot, 1999. Variantă Internet: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626124809/http://ae-lib.org.ua/texts/klinkenberg__la_variete_linguistique__fr.htm">La variété linguistique</a> (Varietatea lingvistică)], 2003 (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Leclerc, Jacques, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/index.html"><i>L’aménagement linguistique dans le monde</i></a> (Amenajarea lingvistică în lume), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(ora%C8%99)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Québec (oraș)">Québec</a>, Universitatea Laval, 2017 (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Leclerc, Jacques, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/histlngfrn.htm"><i>Histoire de la langue française</i></a> (Istoria limbii franceze), Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, 2017-2019 (accesat la 29 aprilie 2020)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Léon, Pierre și Léon, Monique, <i>Introduction à la phonétique corrective</i> (Introducere în fonetica corectivă), ediția a II-a, Paris, Hachette / Larousse, 1971</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Mauger, Gaston, <i>Grammaire pratique du français d’aujourd’hui</i> (Gramatica practică a limbii franceze de azi), ediția a IV-a, Paris, Hachette, 1971</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Moreau, Thérèse, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617010137/http://www.egalite.ch/uploads/pdf/langage_epicene_guide.pdf"><i>Écrire les genres&nbsp;: guide romand d’aide à la rédaction administrative et législative épicène</i></a> (Scrierea genurilor: ghid romand în sprijinul redactării administrative și legislative epicene), État de Genève, DF-SPPÉgalité-CLDE, 2001 (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Picoche, Jacqueline și Marchello-Nizia, Christiane, <i>Histoire de la langue française</i> (Istoria limbii franceze), ediția a III-a, Paris, Nathan, 1999</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Saint Robert, Philippe de, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.asselaf.fr/infos/rapport_president.html">Mémoire sur le rapport du groupe de travail sur les rectifications de l’orthographe</a> (Memoriu despre raportul grupului de lucru asupra rectificărilor ortografiei), site-ul Asselaf, f.a. (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> Sala, Marius, <i>Vocabularul reprezentativ al limbilor romanice</i>, Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, 1988</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Thibault, André, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://andre.thibault.pagesperso-orange.fr"><i>Francophonie et variété des français</i></a> (Francofonia și varietatea limbii franceze), cursuri universitare, Universitatea Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), 2014 (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/">Vitrine linguistique</a>, Banque de dépannage linguistique (Bancă de ajutor lingvistic) (BDL), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/accueil.aspx">Office québécois de la langue française</a> (accesat la 23 martie 2023)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Wolff, Alexandre (coord.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405071540/http://www.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Synthese-Langue-Francaise-2010.pdf"><i>La langue française dans le monde 2010</i></a> (Limba franceză în lume 2010), Paris, Nathan, 2010, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9782098824072?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-09-882407-2</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> Wyler, Gabriel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://gabrielwyler.com/page000.html"><i>Manuel de la grammaire française</i></a> (Manualul gramaticii franceze), actualizat la 31.07.2019 (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wiki.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"> <noscript> <img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/50px-Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 50px;height: 57px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/50px-Wiki.png" data-alt="Wikipedia" data-width="50" data-height="57" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/75px-Wiki.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/b/bc/Wiki.png/100px-Wiki.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Wikipedia </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"> Vezi și articolele în <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fr:">franceză</a></b></i> </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.aqualitytranslation.ro/istoria-aparitia-limbii-franceze/">Istoria limbii franceze inainte de Imperiul Roman</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Organisme_de_reglementare_a_limbii">Organisme de reglementare a limbii</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Organisme de reglementare a limbii" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.academie-francaise.fr">Académie française</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917175446/http://www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr/Politiques-ministerielles/Langue-francaise-et-langues-de-France/La-DGLFLF">Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France</a> (DGLFLF) (accesat la 24 august 2018) <ul> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.culture.fr/franceterme">FranceTerme</a> – site consacrat termenilor recomandați de Comisia Generală de Terminologie și de Neologie prin <i>Journal officiel</i> (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> </ul></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cslf.gouv.qc.ca">Ministère de la langue française</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714145324/http://www.cslf.gouv.qc.ca/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2019-07-14">14 iulie 2019</time>, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (Québec) (accesat la 4 ianuarie 2022)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca">Office québécois de la langue française</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018) <ul> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://gdt.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/index.aspx"><i>Grand dictionnaire terminologique</i></a> (Marele dicționar terminologic) – conține termenii recomandați de Oficiul din Québec al Limbii Franceze (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> </ul></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.languefrancaise.cfwb.be/index.php?id%3D6552">Direction de la langue française</a> (Belgia) (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.languefrancaise.cfwb.be/index.php?id%3D1268">Conseil de la langue française et de la politique linguistique</a> (Belgia) (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.dlf-suisse.ch">Délégation à la langue française</a> (Elveția) (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cilf.org">Conseil international de la langue française</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Dicționare"><span id="Dic.C8.9Bionare"></span>Dicționare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Dicționare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Dicționare_explicative"><span id="Dic.C8.9Bionare_explicative"></span>Dicționare explicative</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Dicționare explicative" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lexilogos.com/francais_langue_dictionnaires.htm">Lexilogos. Dictionnaire français</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Dicționare_francez-român_/_român-francez"><span id="Dic.C8.9Bionare_francez-rom.C3.A2n_.2F_rom.C3.A2n-francez"></span>Dicționare francez-român / român-francez</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Dicționare francez-român / român-francez" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lexilogos.com/roumain_langue_dictionnaires.htm">Lexilogos. Dictionnaire roumain</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Limba_franceză_ca_limbă_străină"><span id="Limba_francez.C4.83_ca_limb.C4.83_str.C4.83in.C4.83"></span>Limba franceză ca limbă străină</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limba franceză ca limbă străină" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.alliancefr.org">Alliance française</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://fle-de-joie.blog4ever.com/">FLE de joie</a> – materiale de predare/învățare a limbii franceze pentru vorbitori de română (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ghid_de_conversa%25C8%259Bie_francez">Ghid de conversație francez</a> (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba franceză">fr</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lepointdufle.net">Le Point du FLE</a> – portal al predării/învățării limbii franceze ca limbă străină (accesat la 24 august 2018)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_%C8%9B%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_care_franceza_este_limb%C4%83_oficial%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de țări în care franceza este limbă oficială">Listă de țări în care franceza este limbă oficială</a></li> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alian%C8%9Ba_Francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alianța Franceză">Alianța Franceză</a></li> </ul> <p><br></p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.039 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DLimba_francez%C4%83%26oldid%3D16237153">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limba_franceză&amp;oldid=16237153</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Limba_francez%C4%83&amp;action=history&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="InternetArchiveBot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1714996002"> <span>Ultima modificare pe 6 mai 2024, la 13:46</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Limbi</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2584%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7_%25D0%25B1%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7%25D1%2588%25D3%2599%25D0%25B0" title="Афранцыз бызшәа – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Афранцыз бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Peurancih" title="Bahsa Peurancih – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Peurancih" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B7%25D1%258D" title="Францыбзэ – adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Францыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%25C3%25B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Französische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258D%2588%25E1%2588%25A8%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%2588%25B3%25E1%258B%25AD%25E1%258A%259B" title="ፈረንሳይኛ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፈረንሳይኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franc%25C3%25A9s" title="Idioma francés – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma francés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frencisc_spr%25C7%25A3c" title="Frencisc sprǣc – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Frencisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%259A_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="फ्रेंच भाषा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="फ्रेंच भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25BA%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="اللغة الفرنسية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الفرنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%25A0%25DC%25AB%25DC%25A2%25DC%2590_%25DC%25A6%25DC%25AA%25DC%25A2%25DC%25A3%25DC%259D%25DC%2590" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="لفرانساوية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لفرانساوية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2589" title="فرنساوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرنساوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franc%25C3%25A9s" title="Idioma francés – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma francés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D3%2580" title="Паранс мацӀ – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Паранс мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francava" title="Francava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Francava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A4%25BC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="फ़्रांसिसी भाषा – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="फ़्रांसिसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phransiya_aru" title="Phransiya aru – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Phransiya aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%25C4%25B1z_dili" title="Fransız dili – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransız dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587_%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C" title="فرانسه دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسه دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5" title="Француз теле – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Француз теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Prancis" title="Basa Prancis – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franzesische_Sproch" title="Franzesische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Franzesische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%25C5%25ABzu_kalba" title="Prancūzu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Prancūzu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Perancis" title="Hata Perancis – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Perancis" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Pranses" title="Tataramon na Pranses – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Pranses" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Французская мова – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Французская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Француская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Француская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Френски език – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Френски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="फ्रांसीसी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फ्रांसीसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Parancis" title="Basa Parancis – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Parancis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransekan" title="Faransekan – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Faransekan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25BF_%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="ফরাসি ভাষা – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফরাসি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A7%25E0%25BE%25A5%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%25A0%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BE%2590%25E0%25BD%2591%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་སྐད། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galleg" title="Galleg – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Galleg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francuski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Perancis" title="Saro Perancis – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Perancis" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D1%2585%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Француз хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Француз хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%25C3%25A8s" title="Francès – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Francès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%25C3%25A1k-ng%25E1%25B9%25B3%25CC%2584" title="Huák-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D1%2582" title="Французийн мотт – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Французийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinanses" title="Prinanses – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Prinanses" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258E%25A6%25E1%258E%25B8%25E1%258F%25A5_%25E1%258E%25A6%25E1%258F%25AC%25E1%258F%2582%25E1%258E%25AF%25E1%258F%258D%25E1%258F%2597" title="ᎦᎸᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎸᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toh%25C3%25A1ano%2527%25C3%25A9ve%2527ho%2527etse" title="Toháano'éve'ho'etse – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Toháano'éve'ho'etse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25D9%2581%25DB%2595%25DA%2595%25DB%2595%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C" title="زمانی فەڕەنسی – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی فەڕەنسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua francese" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archives/%25E1%2590%25B1%25E1%2594%25A5%25E1%2591%258E%25E1%2591%25AF%25E1%2594%25AE%25E1%2590%25A4_%25E1%2590%258A%25E1%2594%25A8%25E1%2592%25A7%25E1%2590%258E%25E1%2593%2590" title="Wikipedia:Archives/ᐱᔥᑎᑯᔮᐤ ᐊᔨᒧᐎᓐ – cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Wikipedia:Archives/ᐱᔥᑎᑯᔮᐤ ᐊᔨᒧᐎᓐ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenk_tili" title="Frenk tili – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Frenk tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francouz%25C5%25A1tina" title="Francouzština – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francouzština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%25C3%25ABsczi_j%25C3%25A3z%25C3%25ABk" title="Francësczi jãzëk – cașubiană" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Francësczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="cașubiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2597%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%258A_%25D1%25A9%25EA%2599%2581%25EA%2599%2591%25D0%25BA%25D1%258A" title="Франкїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Франкїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581_%25D1%2587%25C4%2595%25D0%25BB%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8" title="Франс чĕлхи – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франс чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffrangeg" title="Ffrangeg – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffrangeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk_(sprog)" title="Fransk (sprog) – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fransk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%25C3%25B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Französische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%25C4%25B1zki" title="Fransızki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fransızki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francojska_r%25C4%259Bc" title="Francojska rěc – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Francojska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Perancis" title="Boros Perancis – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Perancis" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%258A%25DE%25A6%25DE%2583%25DE%25A6%25DE%2582%25DE%25B0%25DE%2590%25DE%25AD%25DE%2590%25DE%25A8" title="ފަރަންސޭސި – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފަރަންސޭސި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransegbe" title="Fransegbe – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Fransegbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2593%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BB%25CF%258E%25CF%2583%25CF%2583%25CE%25B1" title="Γαλλική γλώσσα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%25C3%25A9s" title="Francés – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Francés" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="French language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_lingvo" title="Franca lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Franca lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franc%25C3%25A9s" title="Idioma francés – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma francés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsuse_keel" title="Prantsuse keel – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsuse keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantses" title="Frantses – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantses" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_francesa" title="Lengua francesa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua francesa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25DB%258C" title="زبان فرانسوی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان فرانسوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransinkoore" title="Faransinkoore – fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Faransinkoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_kieli" title="Ranskan kieli – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsus%25C3%25B5_kiil" title="Prantsusõ kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Prantsusõ kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franskt_m%25C3%25A1l" title="Franskt mál – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Franskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flansegbe" title="Flansegbe – fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Flansegbe" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C3%25A7ais" title="Français – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Français" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%25C3%25AAs" title="Francês – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Francês" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%25C3%25B6%25C3%25B6sk_spriak" title="Fransöösk spriak – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fransöösk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_francese" title="Lenghe francese – friulană" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe francese" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A2nsk" title="Frânsk – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frânsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhraincis" title="An Fhraincis – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Fhraincis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C8%259Buz_dili" title="Franțuz dili – găgăuză" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Franțuz dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="găgăuză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E8%25AA%259E" title="法語 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="法語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%25C3%25A9" title="Fransé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fransé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraingis" title="Fraingis – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fraingis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francesa" title="Lingua francesa – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua francesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D9%258A_%25D8%25B2%25D9%2588%25D8%25A4%25D9%2586" title="فرانسوي زوؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فرانسوي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%25C3%25A3sia%25C3%25B1e%2527%25E1%25BA%25BD" title="Hyãsiañe'ẽ – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hyãsiañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258D%2586%25F0%2590%258D%2582%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25B2%25F0%2590%258C%25BA%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258D%2582%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25B6%25F0%2590%258C%25B3%25F0%2590%258C%25B0" title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – gotică" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25BCranseenaiki" title="Püranseenaiki – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Püranseenaiki" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frangish" title="Frangish – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Frangish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransanci" title="Faransanci – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Faransanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fap-ng%25C3%25AE" title="Fap-ngî – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fap-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CA%25BB%25C5%258Clelo_Palani" title="ʻŌlelo Palani – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Palani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A6%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A4%25D7%25AA%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="צרפתית – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צרפתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A4%25BC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="फ़्रान्सीसी भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्रान्सीसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_bhasa" title="French bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="French bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%25C5%25A1%25C4%2587ina" title="Francošćina – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Francošćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_franse" title="Lang franse – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang franse" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_nyelv" title="Francia nyelv – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2596%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B6" title="Ֆրանսերեն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2596%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25A7%25D5%25B6" title="Ֆրանսերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրանսերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua francese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Peranchis" title="Jaku Peranchis – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Peranchis" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesi" title="Francesi – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Francesi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%25E1%25BB%25A5s%25E1%25BB%25A5_French" title="Asụsụ French – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ French" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Pranses" title="Pagsasao a Pranses – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Pranses" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B0%25D1%258C%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D1%2582" title="Фаьренгий мотт – ingușă" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Фаьренгий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingușă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Franca linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska" title="Franska – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Franska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua francese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2590%2585%25E1%2590%2583%25E1%2592%258D%25E1%2590%2583%25E1%2595%2590%25E1%2592%25A5%25E1%2590%2585%25E1%2596%2585" title="ᐅᐃᒍᐃᕐᒥᐅᖅ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᐃᒍᐃᕐᒥᐅᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B9%25E8%25AA%259E" title="フランス語 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/French" title="French – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="French" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/fasybau" title="fasybau – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="fasybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Prancis" title="Basa Prancis – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590" title="ფრანგული ენა – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრანგული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuz_tili" title="Francuz tili – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Francuz tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafrensist" title="Tafrensist – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafrensist" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B7%25D1%258D" title="Фрэнджыбзэ – kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Фрэнджыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%25C9%25A9%25C9%25A9_k%25CA%258An%25CA%258A%25C5%258B" title="Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%25CC%25B1ransa_(a%25CC%25B1lyem)" title="Fi̱ransa (a̱lyem) – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fi̱ransa (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifalanse" title="Kifalanse – congoleză" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kifalanse" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="congoleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D1%2582%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596" title="Француз тілі – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Француз тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2597%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%2594%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259F%2586%25E1%259E%2584" title="ភាសាបារាំង – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាបារាំង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AB%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%2586%25E0%25B2%2582%25E0%25B2%259A%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%25AD%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B7%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಭಾಷೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2594%2584%25EB%259E%2591%25EC%258A%25A4%25EC%2596%25B4" title="프랑스어 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2" title="Франсуз кыв – komi-permiak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Франсуз кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB" title="Француз тил – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Француз тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D9%2596%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B2%25D9%258E%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="فرانسیٖسی زَبان – cașmiră" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فرانسیٖسی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cașmiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%25C3%25AA_frans%25C3%25AE" title="Zimanê fransî – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê fransî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2" title="Франсуз кыв – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Франсуз кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenkek" title="Frenkek – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Frenkek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Француз тили – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Француз тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Francogallica" title="Lingua Francogallica – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Francogallica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franseza" title="Lingua franseza – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua franseza" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%25C3%25A9isch" title="Franséisch – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Franséisch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D1%2587%25D3%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB" title="Француз чӀал – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Француз чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franses_(lingua)" title="Franses (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Franses (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_fran%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A9ise" title="Lengua françéise – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua françéise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_franz%25C3%25ABus" title="Lingaz franzëus – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz franzëus" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_francesa" title="Lengua francesa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua francesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falans%25C3%25A9" title="Falansé – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Falansé" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259E%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%25AA%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%259D%25E0%25BA%25A3%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BB%2588%25E0%25BA%2587" title="ພາສາຝຣັ່ງ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາຝຣັ່ງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%25C5%25ABz%25C5%25B3_kalba" title="Prancūzų kalba – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%25C5%2586c%25C4%25AB%25C5%25A1u_vol%25C5%25ABda" title="Praņcīšu volūda – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Praņcīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C4%258Du_valoda" title="Franču valoda – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Franču valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C_%25D0%25BA%25D1%258F%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C" title="Кранциянь кяль – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кранциянь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_frantsay" title="Fiteny frantsay – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny frantsay" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D0%25B9%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5" title="Француз йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Француз йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_W%25C4%25ABw%25C4%25AB" title="Reo Wīwī – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Wīwī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Француски јазик – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Француски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AB%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%259E%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%25AD%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B7" title="ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഭാഷ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586_%25D1%2585%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB" title="Франц хэл – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Франц хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2590%25EA%25AF%25AD%25EA%25AF%2594%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%259F%25EA%25AF%25AD%25EA%25AF%2586_%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A3%25EA%25AF%259F" title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ꯭ꯆ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ꯭ꯆ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%259A_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="फ्रेंच भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रेंच भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Fran%25C4%258Bi%25C5%25BCa" title="Lingwa Franċiża – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Franċiża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8" title="ပြင်သစ်ဘာသာစကား – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြင်သစ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C" title="Французонь кель – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Французонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25DB%258C" title="فرانسوی – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانسوی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_franzese" title="Lengua franzese – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua franzese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%25C3%25B6%25C3%25B6sche_Spraak" title="Franzöösche Spraak – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Franzöösche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Fransk" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259E%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="फ्रेञ्च भाषा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्रेञ्च भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fransk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fransk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransum" title="Fransum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fransum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunceis" title="Fraunceis – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Fraunceis" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefora" title="Sefora – sotho de nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sefora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C3%25A1%25C3%25A1ghahii_bizaad" title="Dáághahii bizaad – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dáághahii bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%25C3%25A9s" title="Francés – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Francés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsien_kieli" title="Frantsien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Frantsien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3_%25C3%25A6%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3" title="Францаг æвзаг – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Францаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AB%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2582%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%25AD%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25BE" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Fran%25C3%25A7ais" title="Salitan Français – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Français" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Pranses" title="Amanung Pranses – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Pranses" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances" title="Frances – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Frances" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frins%25C3%25A9" title="Frinsé – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Frinsé" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%25C3%25B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Französische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/French" title="French – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="French" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C4%2599zyk_francuski" title="Język francuski – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język francuski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_frans%25C3%25A8isa" title="Lenga fransèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga fransèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C" title="فرانسیسی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانسیسی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D9%258A_%25DA%2598%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587" title="فرانسوي ژبه – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانسوي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADngua_francesa" title="Língua francesa – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua francesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransis_simi" title="Ransis simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ransis simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franzosa" title="Lingua franzosa – romanșă" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua franzosa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanșă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A8nga_frangese" title="Lènga frangese – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga frangese" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D1%258F%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Французский язык – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Французский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D1%258F%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Французькый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Французькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igifaransa" title="Igifaransa – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igifaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259E%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="फ्रेञ्चभाषा – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फ्रेञ्चभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Француз тыла – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Француз тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%25B7%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25B8%25E1%25B1%25AA_%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B9%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25A4" title="ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_frantzesa" title="Limba frantzesa – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba frantzesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francisa" title="Lingua francisa – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua francisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_leid" title="French leid – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="French leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A_%25D9%25BB%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A" title="فرانسيسي ٻولي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرانسيسي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A1nskkagiella" title="Fránskkagiella – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Fránskkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tafransist" title="Tutlayt Tafransist – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tafransist" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25B4%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B6%2582%25E0%25B7%2581_%25E0%25B6%25B7%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2582%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2580" title="ප්‍රංශ භාෂාව – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රංශ භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="French language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%25C3%25BAz%25C5%25A1tina" title="Francúzština – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%25C5%25A1%25C4%258Dina" title="Francoščina – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francoščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%25CA%25BBa_Farani" title="Faʻa Farani – samoană" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Farani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskakiel%25C3%25A2" title="Ranskakielâ – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ranskakielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chifurenji" title="Chifurenji – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chifurenji" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Faransiis" title="Af-Faransiis – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Faransiis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_fr%25C3%25ABnge" title="Gjuha frënge – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha frënge" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2598%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Француски језик – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25ADFulentji" title="SíFulentji – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíFulentji" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefora" title="Sefora – sesotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Sefora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sesotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frants%25C3%25B6%25C3%25B6ske_Sproake" title="Frantsööske Sproake – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Frantsööske Sproake" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Prancis" title="Basa Prancis – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska" title="Franska – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Franska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifaransa" title="Kifaransa – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kifaransa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francusk%25C5%258F_g%25C5%258Fdka" title="Francuskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Francuskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF_%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258A%25E0%25AE%25B4%25E0%25AE%25BF" title="பிரான்சிய மொழி – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AB%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%2586%25E0%25B2%2582%25E0%25B2%259A%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%25AC%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25AB%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%2586%25E0%25B0%2582%25E0%25B0%259A%25E0%25B0%25BF_%25E0%25B0%25AD%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B7" title="ఫ్రెంచి భాష – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్రెంచి భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-frans%25C3%25A9s" title="Lia-fransés – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-fransés" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2584%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D3%25A3" title="Забони фаронсавӣ – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони фаронсавӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A0%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A9%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%259D%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25AA" title="ภาษาฝรั่งเศส – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransuz_dili" title="Fransuz dili – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fransuz dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Pranses" title="Wikang Pranses – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Pranses" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyr%25C9%2599ngi_zyvon" title="Fyrəngi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fyrəngi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefora" title="Sefora – setswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sefora" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="setswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea_fakafalanis%25C4%2593" title="Lea fakafalanisē – tongană" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lea fakafalanisē" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Frens" title="Tok Frens – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Frens" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%25C4%25B1zca" title="Fransızca – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransızca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Hwako" title="Kari Hwako – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Hwako" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5" title="Француз теле – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Француз теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_far%25C4%2581ni" title="Reo farāni – tahitiană" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo farāni" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="Француз дыл – tuvană" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Француз дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7_%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="Француз кыл – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Француз кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25DB%2587%25D8%25B2_%25D8%25AA%25D9%2589%25D9%2584%25D9%2589" title="ڧرانسۇز تىلى – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ڧرانسۇز تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Французька мова – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Французька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="فرانسیسی زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانسیسی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransuz_tili" title="Fransuz tili – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransuz tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%2581%25C3%25A9ngua_franseze" title="Łéngua franseze – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua franseze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francijan_kel%2527" title="Francijan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Francijan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%25E1%25BA%25BFng_Ph%25C3%25A1p" title="Tiếng Pháp – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%25C3%25A4nap%25C3%25BCk" title="Fransänapük – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fransänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%25C3%25A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Francès (lingaedje) – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Francès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frinanses" title="Frinanses – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Frinanses" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu-faraas" title="Wu-faraas – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wu-faraas" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E6%2596%2587" title="法文 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BD" title="Пранцсин келн – calmucă" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пранцсин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmucă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulwimi_lwasiFrentshi" title="Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590" title="ფრანგული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრანგული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A6%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%2599%25D7%25A9" title="פראנצויזיש – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראנצויזיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2588d%25C3%25A8_Farans%25C3%25A9" title="Èdè Faransé – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Faransé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Fazgoz" title="Vah Fazgoz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Fazgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B5%2593%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B5%258D%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%25A2%25E2%25B5%259C_%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B4%25BC%25E2%25B5%2595%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258F%25E2%25B5%259A%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%259A%25E2%25B5%259C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ – tamazight standard marocană" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight standard marocană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E8%25AF%25AD" title="法语 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E8%25AA%259E" title="法語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="法語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-g%25C3%25AD" title="Hoat-gí – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E6%2596%2587" title="法文 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiFulentshi" title="IsiFulentshi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiFulentshi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> </section> 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