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Mata - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tinjauan_luas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tinjauan_luas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tinjauan luas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tinjauan_luas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Jenis</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mata_nonmajemuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mata_nonmajemuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mata nonmajemuk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mata_nonmajemuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mata_ceruk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mata_ceruk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Mata ceruk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mata_ceruk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mata_berlensa_sferis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mata_berlensa_sferis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Mata berlensa sferis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mata_berlensa_sferis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lensa_ganda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lensa_ganda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Lensa ganda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lensa_ganda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kornea_refraktif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kornea_refraktif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Kornea refraktif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kornea_refraktif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mata_pemantul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mata_pemantul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Mata pemantul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mata_pemantul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mata_majemuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mata_majemuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mata majemuk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mata_majemuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mata_aposisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mata_aposisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Mata aposisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mata_aposisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mata_superposisi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mata_superposisi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Mata superposisi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mata_superposisi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lainnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lainnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Lainnya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lainnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolusi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolusi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Evolusi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolusi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Evolusi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolusi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hubungan_dengan_kebutuhan_hidup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hubungan_dengan_kebutuhan_hidup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hubungan dengan kebutuhan hidup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hubungan_dengan_kebutuhan_hidup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisiologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisiologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fisiologi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fisiologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Fisiologi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fisiologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ketajaman_penglihatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ketajaman_penglihatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ketajaman penglihatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ketajaman_penglihatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persepsi_warna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persepsi_warna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Persepsi warna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persepsi_warna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sel_batang_dan_kerucut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sel_batang_dan_kerucut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Sel batang dan kerucut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sel_batang_dan_kerucut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pigmentasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pigmentasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pigmentasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pigmentasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_dan_referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_dan_referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Catatan dan referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_dan_referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_tambahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_tambahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bacaan tambahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_tambahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mata</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 213 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-213" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">213 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oog" title="Oog – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oog" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auge" title="Auge – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Auge" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95_(%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8D)" title="አይን (ሥነ አካል) – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አይን (ሥነ አካል)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uello" title="Uello – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Uello" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92age" title="Ēage – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ēage" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%96" title="आँख – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आँख" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD)" title="عين (تشريح) – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عين (تشريح)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A5%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%90_(%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%A6%DC%A2_%DC%A8%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܥܝܢܐ (ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ) – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܥܝܢܐ (ܝܘܠܦܢ ܨܪܘܝܘܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81" title="চকু – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চকু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCeyu" title="Güeyu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Güeyu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ockicikw" title="Ockicikw – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Ockicikw" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Бер – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Бер" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayra" title="Nayra – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Nayra" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6z" title="Göz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Göz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A4%D8%B2" title="گؤز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گؤز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D2%99" title="Күҙ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Күҙ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panyingakan" title="Panyingakan – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Panyingakan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%C4%97s" title="Akės – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Akės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simalolong" title="Simalolong – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Simalolong" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вока – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вока" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вока – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вока" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Око – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Око" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF" title="आँखि – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आँखि" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ae" title="Ae – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Ae" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%96" title="চোখ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চোখ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="མིག – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagad" title="Lagad – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lagad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oko" title="Oko – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Oko" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Нюдэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нюдэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ull" title="Ull – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ull" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%95%CC%A4k-ci%C5%AD" title="Mĕ̤k-ciŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mĕ̤k-ciŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B3" title="БӀаьрг – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="БӀаьрг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88" title="چاو – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چاو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oko" title="Oko – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%C3%A7" title="Куç – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Куç" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llygad" title="Llygad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llygad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98je" title="Øje – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Øje" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nini" title="Nini – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Nini" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auge" title="Auge – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Auge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1m" title="Çım – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çım" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mato" title="Mato – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Mato" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B" title="आँखो – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="आँखो" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Μάτι – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάτι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92%C4%87" title="Òć – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Òć" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye" title="Eye – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Eye" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okulo" title="Okulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Okulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojo" title="Ojo – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ojo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silm" title="Silm – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Silm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begi" title="Begi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Begi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85" title="چشم – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چشم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silm%C3%A4" title="Silmä – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Silmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silm" title="Silm – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Silm" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyga" title="Eyga – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Eyga" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAk%C3%BAn" title="Núkún – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Núkún" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%92il" title="Œil – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Œil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uug" title="Uug – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Uug" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Each" title="Each – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Each" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAil" title="Súil – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Súil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%9B" title="眼睛 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="眼睛" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B9il" title="Sùil – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sùil" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollo" title="Ollo – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ollo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesa" title="Tesa – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tesa" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollo" title="Dollo – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Dollo" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%96" title="આંખ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આંખ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27u" title="O&#039;u – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="O&#039;u" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sooill" title="Sooill – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sooill" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%CC%8Dk-ch%C3%BB" title="Mu̍k-chû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mu̍k-chû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D)" title="עין (בעלי חיים) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עין (בעלי חיים)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%96" title="आँख – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आँख" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aankhi" title="Aankhi – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Aankhi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oko" title="Oko – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oko" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B3%C4%8Dko" title="Wóčko – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wóčko" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je" title="Je – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Je" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szem" title="Szem – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B9%D6%84" title="Աչք – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աչք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculo" title="Oculo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oculo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocul" title="Ocul – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ocul" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ny%C3%A1" title="Ányá – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ányá" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okulo" title="Okulo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Okulo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auga" title="Auga – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Auga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occhio" title="Occhio – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Occhio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%94%A8" title="ᐃᔨ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᔨ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%AE" title="目 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="目" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kanla" title="kanla – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kanla" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="თვალი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თვალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%B9%AD" title="Tiṭ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tiṭ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90s%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Ɛsɩyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛsɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tswa_a%CC%B1li" title="Tswa a̱li – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Tswa a̱li" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%B7" title="Көз – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80" title="ភ្នែក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភ្នែក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%81" title="ಕಣ್ಣು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಣ್ಣು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%88%88_(%ED%95%B4%EB%B6%80%ED%95%99)" title="눈 (해부학) – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="눈 (해부학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D0%B7" title="Кёз – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Кёз" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%DA%86%DA%BE" title="أچھ – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="أچھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oohr" title="Oohr – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Oohr" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagas" title="Lagas – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lagas" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%B7" title="Көз – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculus" title="Oculus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oculus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_(S%C3%ABnnesorgan)" title="A (Sënnesorgan) – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="A (Sënnesorgan)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF_(%D1%87%D1%83%D1%80%D1%85)" title="Я (чурх) – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Я (чурх)" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oio" title="Oio – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Oio" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oug" title="Oug – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oug" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uedl" title="Uedl – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Uedl" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeugg" title="Oeugg – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Oeugg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C7%90so" title="Lǐso – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lǐso" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2" title="ຕາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akis" title="Akis – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Akis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acs" title="Acs – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Acs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maso" title="Maso – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Maso" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mato" title="Mato – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Mato" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Око – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Око" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D" title="കണ്ണ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കണ്ണ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D0%B4" title="Нүд – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нүд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%BE" title="डोळा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डोळा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%B9%D0%BD%D0%B7%D3%93" title="Сӹнзӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Сӹнзӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8" title="မျက်လုံး – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျက်လုံး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B4" title="چش – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixtelolotl" title="Ixtelolotl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ixtelolotl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uocchie" title="Uocchie – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Uocchie" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oog" title="Oog – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oog" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oge" title="Oge – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Oge" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE" title="आँखा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आँखा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oog_(anatomie)" title="Oog (anatomie) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oog (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auga" title="Auga – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Auga" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98ye" title="Øye – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Øye" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%BB" title="Uû – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Uû" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C3%A8lh" title="Uèlh – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Uèlh" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%BF" title="ଆଖି – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଖି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%C3%A6%D1%81%D1%82" title="Цæст – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цæст" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96" title="ਅੱਖ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੱਖ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Pangasina" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aag" title="Aag – Jerman Pennsylvania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Aag" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Pennsylvania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oko" title="Oko – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oko" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euj" title="Euj – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Euj" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%BE" title="اکھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اکھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84" title="Ομάτ – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ομάτ" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%87" title="سترگه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سترگه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olho" title="Olho – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Olho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91awi" title="Ñawi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ñawi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egl" title="Egl – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Egl" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochi" title="Ochi – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ochi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C4%BEiu" title="Ocľiu – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ocľiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Глаз – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Глаз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Око – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Око" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF" title="अक्षि – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अक्षि" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Харах – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Харах" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AB" title="ᱢᱮᱫ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱮᱫ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occhiu" title="Occhiu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Occhiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ee" title="Ee – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ee" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="اک – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اک" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Calbmi" title="Čalbmi – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Čalbmi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oko" title="Oko – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oko" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%AD" title="Tiṭṭ – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tiṭṭ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B7%83" title="ඇස – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye" title="Eye – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Eye" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oko" title="Oko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oko" title="Oko – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oko" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziso" title="Ziso – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ziso" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indho" title="Indho – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Indho" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syri" title="Syri – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Syri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Око – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Око" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panon" title="Panon – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Panon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96ga" title="Öga – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Öga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jicho" title="Jicho – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jicho" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Alypje" title="Ślypje – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ślypje" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/mata" title="mata – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="mata" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81)" title="கண் (உடல் உறுப்பு) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கண் (உடல் உறுப்பு)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/roziq" title="roziq – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="roziq" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಣ್ಣ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕಣ್ಣ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81" title="కన్ను – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కన్ను" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC" title="Чашм – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чашм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="ตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6z" title="Göz – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Göz" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata" title="Mata – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6z" title="Göz – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Göz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doriq" title="Doriq – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Doriq" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B7" title="Күз – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күз" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiso" title="Jiso – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Jiso" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniwa" title="Aniwa – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Aniwa" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%86%D8%B2" title="كۆز – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كۆز" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Око – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Око" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%DA%A9%DA%BE" title="آنکھ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آنکھ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%CA%BBz" title="Koʻz – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koʻz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocio" title="Ocio – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ocio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%AFt" title="Mắt – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mắt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log" title="Log – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Log" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouy" title="Ouy – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ouy" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mat%C3%A1" title="Matá – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Matá" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ABt" title="Bët – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Bët" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%BC" title="眼 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="眼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilihlo" title="Ilihlo – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ilihlo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D)" title="თოლი (ორგანო) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თოლი (ორგანო)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92" title="אויג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אויג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oj%C3%BA" title="Ojú – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ojú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da" title="Da – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Da" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9F%E2%B5%9F" title="ⵜⵉⵟⵟ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵉⵟⵟ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%BC" title="眼 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="眼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%AE" title="目 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="目" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%CC%8Dk-chiu" title="Ba̍k-chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ba̍k-chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%BC" title="眼 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="眼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7364#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mata" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Mata" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mata"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mata"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Mata" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Mata" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;oldid=26495729" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&amp;page=Mata&amp;id=26495729&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMata"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMata"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Mata"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Mata&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Eye" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7364" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang organ. Untuk mata manusia, lihat <a href="/wiki/Mata_manusia" title="Mata manusia">Mata manusia</a>. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat <a href="/wiki/Mata_(disambiguasi)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mata (disambiguasi)">Mata (disambiguasi)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white"><i>Mata</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Eyeball_dissection_hariadhi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Eyeball_dissection_hariadhi.svg/250px-Eyeball_dissection_hariadhi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Eyeball_dissection_hariadhi.svg/375px-Eyeball_dissection_hariadhi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Eyeball_dissection_hariadhi.svg/500px-Eyeball_dissection_hariadhi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Mata manusia</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Krilleyekils.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Krilleyekils.jpg/250px-Krilleyekils.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Krilleyekils.jpg/375px-Krilleyekils.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Krilleyekils.jpg/500px-Krilleyekils.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="1505" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Mata majemuk <a href="/wiki/Euphausia_superba" title="Euphausia superba">kril antartika</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Rincian</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_organ" title="Sistem organ">Sistem</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf">Saraf</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Pengidentifikasi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">Bahasa Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>oculus</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/15.2.00.001%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A15.2.00.001</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/01.1.00.007%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A01.1.00.007</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=113">113</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=6734">6734</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b><i><a href="/wiki/Daftar_istilah_anatomi" title="Daftar istilah anatomi">Daftar istilah anatomi</a></i></b><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">&#91;<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7364" class="extiw" title="d:Q7364">sunting di Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mata</b> adalah <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomi)" title="Organ (anatomi)">organ</a> <a href="/wiki/Penglihatan" title="Penglihatan">penglihatan</a>. Mata mendeteksi <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a> dan mengubahnya menjadi impuls <a href="/wiki/Elektrokimia" title="Elektrokimia">elektrokimia</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Sel_saraf" title="Sel saraf">sel saraf</a>. Pada organisme yang lebih tinggi, mata adalah sistem <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optik</a> kompleks yang mengumpulkan cahaya dari lingkungan sekitarnya, mengatur intensitasnya melalui <a href="/wiki/Selaput_pelangi" title="Selaput pelangi">diafragma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titik_api" title="Titik api">memfokuskan</a> melalui penyesuaian lensa untuk membentuk sebuah gambar, mengkonversi gambar tersebut menjadi satu himpunan sinyal listrik, dan mentransmisikan sinyal-sinyal ke <a href="/wiki/Otak" title="Otak">otak</a> melalui jalur saraf kompleks yang menghubungkan mata melalui <a href="/wiki/Saraf_optik" title="Saraf optik">saraf optik</a> menuju <a href="/wiki/Sistem_penglihatan" title="Sistem penglihatan">korteks visual</a> dan area lain dari otak. Mata dengan daya resolusinya memiliki sepuluh bentuk yang berbeda secara fundamental, dan 96% dari spesies <a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">hewan</a> memiliki sistem optik yang kompleks.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mata kompleks ini mampu membentuk gambar, seperti pada <a href="/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska">moluska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">kordata</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Artropoda" title="Artropoda">artropoda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Frentiu2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frentiu2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Mata" yang paling sederhana, seperti pada <a href="/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme">mikroorganisme</a>, tidak melakukan apa-apa, tetapi dapat mendeteksi apakah lingkungan sekitarnya terang atau gelap, yang cukup untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengiringarusan_(kronobiologi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengiringarusan (kronobiologi) (halaman belum tersedia)">pengiringarusan</a> <a href="/wiki/Ritme_sirkadian" title="Ritme sirkadian">ritme sirkadian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dari mata yang lebih kompleks, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sel_ganglion_fotosensitif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sel ganglion fotosensitif (halaman belum tersedia)">sel ganglion fotosensitif</a> retina mengirim sinyal sepanjang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saluran_retinohipotalamik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Saluran retinohipotalamik (halaman belum tersedia)">saluran retinohipotalamik</a> menuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inti_suprakiasmatik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Inti suprakiasmatik (halaman belum tersedia)">inti suprakiasmatik</a> untuk efek penyesuaian sirkadian dan menuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daerah_pratektal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daerah pratektal (halaman belum tersedia)">daerah pratektal</a> untuk mengontrol <a href="/w/index.php?title=Refleks_sinar_pupilar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Refleks sinar pupilar (halaman belum tersedia)">refleks sinar pupilar</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tinjauan_luas">Tinjauan luas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Tinjauan luas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tinjauan luas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bison_bonasus_right_eye_close-up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bison_bonasus_right_eye_close-up.jpg/220px-Bison_bonasus_right_eye_close-up.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bison_bonasus_right_eye_close-up.jpg/330px-Bison_bonasus_right_eye_close-up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bison_bonasus_right_eye_close-up.jpg/440px-Bison_bonasus_right_eye_close-up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Mata <a href="/wiki/Bison_Eropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bison Eropa">bison Eropa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Human_eye_with_limbal_ring,_anterior_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Human_eye_with_limbal_ring%2C_anterior_view.jpg/220px-Human_eye_with_limbal_ring%2C_anterior_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Human_eye_with_limbal_ring%2C_anterior_view.jpg/330px-Human_eye_with_limbal_ring%2C_anterior_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Human_eye_with_limbal_ring%2C_anterior_view.jpg/440px-Human_eye_with_limbal_ring%2C_anterior_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mata_manusia" title="Mata manusia">Mata manusia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mata kompleks dapat membedakan bentuk dan <a href="/wiki/Warna" title="Warna">warna</a>. Bidang <a href="/wiki/Penglihatan" title="Penglihatan">penglihatan</a> pada banyak organisme, terutama predator, <a href="/wiki/Penglihatan_binokular" title="Penglihatan binokular">penglihatan binokular</a> melibatkan wilayah luas untuk meningkatkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persepsi_kedalaman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Persepsi kedalaman (halaman belum tersedia)">persepsi kedalaman</a>. Pada organisme lain, mata terletak sedemikian rupa sehingga memaksimalkan bidang pandang, seperti pada <a href="/wiki/Kelinci" title="Kelinci">kelinci</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kuda" title="Kuda">kuda</a>, yang memiliki <a href="/wiki/Penglihatan_monokular" title="Penglihatan monokular">penglihatan monokular</a>. </p><p>Proto-mata pertama di antara hewan berevolusi <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~verisimilus/Timeline/Timeline.php?Ma=600">600</a> juta tahun silam</span> sekitar <a href="/wiki/Ledakan_Kambrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ledakan Kambrium">ledakan Kambrium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nenek moyang terakhir dari hewan memiliki perangkat biokimia yang diperlukan untuk penglihatan, dan mata lebih maju berkembang pada 96% dari spesies hewan pada enam dari ~35<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Filum" title="Filum">filum</a> utama.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada kebanyakan <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">vertebrata</a> dan beberapa <a href="/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska">moluska</a>, mata bekerja dengan memungkinkan cahaya untuk masuk dan memproyeksikannya pada panel <a href="/wiki/Sel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel">sel</a> peka cahaya, yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retina</a>, di belakang mata. <a href="/wiki/Sel_kerucut" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel kerucut">Sel kerucut</a> (untuk warna) dan <a href="/wiki/Sel_batang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel batang">sel batang</a> (untuk kontras cahaya rendah) pada retina mendeteksi dan mengkonversi cahaya menjadi <a href="/wiki/Sinyal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinyal">sinyal</a> saraf untuk penglihatan. Sinyal visual tersebut kemudian diteruskan ke <a href="/wiki/Otak" title="Otak">otak</a> melalui <a href="/wiki/Saraf_optik" title="Saraf optik">saraf optik</a>. Mata biasanya berbentuk seperti bola, diisi dengan zat seperti gel transparan yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Badan_bening_(mata)" title="Badan bening (mata)">badan bening</a>, dengan <a href="/wiki/Lensa_mata" title="Lensa mata">lensa</a> pemfokus dan sering dengan suatu <a href="/wiki/Selaput_pelangi" title="Selaput pelangi">selaput pelangi</a>; relaksasi atau kontraksi otot-otot di sekitar selaput pelangi mengubah ukuran <a href="/wiki/Pupil" title="Pupil">pupil</a>, sehingga mengatur jumlah cahaya yang masuk ke mata,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan mengurangi aberasi ketika terdapat cahaya yang cukup.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mata pada kebanyakan <a href="/wiki/Sefalopoda" title="Sefalopoda">sefalopoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan">ikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amfibi" title="Amfibi">amfibi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Ular" title="Ular">ular</a> telah memiliki bentuk lensa yang tetap, dan memfokuskan penglihatan yang diperoleh dengan lensa teleskopik—serupa dengan cara <a href="/wiki/Kamera" title="Kamera">kamera</a> berfokus.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mata majemuk ditemukan pada <a href="/wiki/Artropoda" title="Artropoda">artropoda</a> dan terdiri dari banyak faset sederhana yang, tergantung pada detail anatomi, dapat memberikan baik citra terpikselasi tunggal maupun beberapa gambar per mata. Setiap sensor memiliki lensa sendiri dan sel fotosensitif. Beberapa mata memiliki hingga 28.000 sensor tersebut, yang diatur secara heksagonal, dan dapat memberikan bidang penglihatan 360° penuh. Mata majemuk sangat sensitif terhadap gerakan. Beberapa artropoda, termasuk banyak <a href="/wiki/Strepsiptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Strepsiptera">Strepsiptera</a>, memiliki mata majemuk dari hanya beberapa faset, masing-masing dengan retina yang mampu membuat gambar, menciptakan penglihatan. Dengan setiap mata melihat sesuatu yang berbeda, gambar menyatu dari semua mata dan dihasilkannya gambar yang sangat berbeda dan beresolusi tinggi di dalam otak. </p><p>Memiliki penglihatan warna <a href="/wiki/Pencitraan_hiperspektral" title="Pencitraan hiperspektral">hiperspektral</a> mendetail, <a href="/wiki/Udang_sentadu" title="Udang sentadu">udang sentadu</a> telah dilaporkan memiliki sistem penglihatan warna paling kompleks di dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Trilobita" class="mw-redirect" title="Trilobita">Trilobita</a>, yang sekarang sudah punah, memiliki mata majemuk yang unik. Hewan ini menggunakan kristal <a href="/wiki/Kalsit" title="Kalsit">kalsit</a> bening untuk membentuk lensa mata. Dalam hal ini, Trilobita berbeda dari kebanyakan artropoda lainnya yang memiliki mata lembut. Jumlah lensa mata bervariasi, tetapi beberapa trilobita hanya memiliki satu lensa, dan beberapa memiliki ribuan lensa dalam satu mata. </p><p>Berbeda dengan mata majemuk, mata sederhana adalah mata yang memiliki lensa tunggal. Misalnya, <a href="/wiki/Laba-laba_peloncat" title="Laba-laba peloncat">laba-laba peloncat</a> memiliki sepasang mata sederhana yang besar dengan <a href="/wiki/Ruang_pandang" title="Ruang pandang">ruang pandang</a> sempit, didukung oleh susunan lain, mata yang lebih kecil untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penglihatan_periferal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Penglihatan periferal (halaman belum tersedia)">penglihatan periferal</a>. Beberapa <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larva</a> serangga, seperti <a href="/wiki/Ulat" title="Ulat">ulat</a>, memiliki berbagai jenis mata sederhana (<a href="/wiki/Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)" title="Mata sederhana (invertebrata)">stemmata</a>) yang memberikan gambar kasar. Beberapa mata sederhana, yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Oselus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oselus">oselus</a>, dapat ditemukan pada hewan seperti beberapa spesies <a href="/wiki/Siput" title="Siput">siput</a>, yang tidak benar-benar "melihat" dalam arti normal. Siput ini memiliki sel <a href="/wiki/Fotosensitivitas" title="Fotosensitivitas">fotosensitif</a>, tetapi tidak memiliki lensa dan tidak ada cara lain untuk memproyeksikan gambar ke sel-sel ini. Siput dapat membedakan antara terang dan gelap, tetapi tidak lebih dari itu. Hal ini memungkinkan siput untuk menjaganya dari <a href="/wiki/Sinar_matahari" title="Sinar matahari">sinar matahari</a> langsung. Pada organisme yang hidup di dekat <a href="/wiki/Ventilasi_hidrotermal" title="Ventilasi hidrotermal">ventilasi hidrotermal</a>, mata majemuk telah disederhanakan secara sekunder dan beradaptasi untuk menandai sinar inframerah yang dihasilkan oleh ventilasi panas, dengan cara ini mereka dapat menandai air panas dan menghindari dirinya terebus hidup-hidup.<sup id="cite_ref-Cronin2008_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cronin2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis">Jenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ada sepuluh jenis susunan mata—bahkan setiap metode teknologi untuk menangkap gambar optik yang biasa digunakan oleh manusia, dengan pengecualian <a href="/wiki/Lensa_variabel" title="Lensa variabel">lensa variabel</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lensa_Fresnel" title="Lensa Fresnel">lensa Fresnel</a>, terdapat di alam.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Jenis-jenis mata dapat dikategorikan ke dalam "mata sederhana", dengan satu permukaan cekung fotoreseptif, dan "mata majemuk", yang terdiri dari sejumlah lensa individu diletakkan pada permukaan yang cembung.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perhatikan bahwa "sederhana" tidak berarti penurunan tingkat kompleksitas atau ketajaman. Memang, setiap jenis mata dapat disesuaikan dengan hampir semua perilaku atau lingkungan. Satu-satunya keterbatasan khusus untuk jenis-jenis mata adalah resolusi—fisik dari <a href="/wiki/Mata_majemuk" title="Mata majemuk">mata majemuk</a> mencegah untuk mencapai resolusi yang lebih baik dari 1°. Juga, mata superposisi dapat mencapai sensitivitas yang lebih besar dari mata aposisi, sehingga lebih cocok untuk makhluk yang hidup di tempat gelap.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mata juga dikelompokkan ke dalam dua kelompok berdasarkan konstruksi seluler fotoreseptor, dengan sel fotoreseptor bersilia (seperti pada vertebrata) atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabdomerik&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabdomerik (halaman belum tersedia)">rabdomerik</a>. Kedua kelompok ini tidak monofiletik; <a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">cnidaria</a> juga memiliki sel bersilia,<sup id="cite_ref-Kozmik2008_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kozmik2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan beberapa <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">annelida</a> memiliki keduanya.<sup id="cite_ref-Fernald2006_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernald2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mata_nonmajemuk">Mata nonmajemuk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Mata nonmajemuk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mata nonmajemuk"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keberadaan mata sederhana cukup tersebar luas dan bantalan lensa mata telah berevolusi setidaknya tujuh kali pada <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">vertebrata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sefalopoda" title="Sefalopoda">sefalopoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">annelida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krustasea" title="Krustasea">krustasea</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Cubozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubozoa">cubozoa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mata_ceruk">Mata ceruk</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Mata ceruk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mata ceruk"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pit_Viper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pit_Viper.jpg/220px-Pit_Viper.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pit_Viper.jpg/330px-Pit_Viper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pit_Viper.jpg/440px-Pit_Viper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="957" /></a><figcaption>Ceruk inframerah pada <a href="/wiki/Mura" title="Mura">mura</a> terlihat jelas di bawah dan sedikit di depan mata.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mata ceruk, juga dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)" title="Mata sederhana (invertebrata)">stemma</a>, adalah bintik mata yang diatur ke dalam lubang untuk mengurangi sudut cahaya yang masuk dan mempengaruhi bintik mata, memungkinkan organisme untuk menyimpulkan sudut cahaya yang masuk.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ditemukan pada sekitar 85% dari filum hewan, bentuk-bentuk dasar yang mungkin adalah prekursor untuk jenis mata yang lebih maju dari "mata sederhana". Mata ceruk berukuran kecil, memiliki maksimal sekitar 100 sel yang berukuran sekitar 100&#160;µm.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Direksionalitas dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengurangi ukuran bukaan, dengan menggabungkan lapisan reflektif di balik sel reseptor, atau dengan mengisi lubang dengan bahan refraktil.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mura" title="Mura">Mura</a> telah mengembangkan lubang yang berfungsi sebagai mata dengan mengindra radiasi termal inframerah, di samping mata panjang gelombang optiknya seperti hewan vertebrata lainnya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mata_berlensa_sferis">Mata berlensa sferis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Mata berlensa sferis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mata berlensa sferis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Resolusi mata ceruk sangat bisa ditingkatkan dengan menggabungkan material yang memiliki indeks bias lebih tinggi untuk membentuk sebuah lensa, yang mungkin sangat mengurangi radius kabur yang dihadapi—karenanya meningkatkan resolusi yang diperoleh.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bentuk yang paling dasar, terlihat pada beberapa spesies gastropoda dan annelida, terdiri dari sebuah lensa dengan satu indeks bias. Sebuah gambar yang jauh lebih tajam dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan bahan dengan indeks bias tinggi yang nilainya menurun di sekitar tepi, bertujuan untuk mengurangi panjang fokus dan dengan demikian memungkinkan gambar yang tajam terbentuk pada retina.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hal ini juga memungkinkan celah yang besar untuk memperoleh ketajaman gambar dengan memungkinkan lebih banyak cahaya yang masuk ke lensa, dan lensa datar dengan mengurangi <a href="/wiki/Aberasi_sferis" title="Aberasi sferis">aberasi sferis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Seperti lensa heterogen yang diperlukan agar panjang fokus berkurang dari sekitar 4 kali radius lensa menjadi 2,5 radius lensa.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mata heterogen telah berevolusi setidaknya sembilan kali, empat kali atau lebih pada <a href="/wiki/Gastropoda" title="Gastropoda">gastropoda</a>, sekali pada <a href="/wiki/Copepoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Copepoda">copepoda</a>, sekali pada <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">annelida</a>, sekali pada <a href="/wiki/Cumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumi">cumi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan sekali pada <a href="/wiki/Polyplacophora" title="Polyplacophora">kiton</a>, yang memiliki lensa <a href="/wiki/Aragonit" title="Aragonit">aragonit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Speiser2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speiser2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tidak ada organisme air yang masih memiliki lensa homogen, mungkin tekanan evolusioner untuk lensa heterogen cukup besar sehingga tahap ini menjadi cepat "teratasi".<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mata ini menciptakan sebuah gambar yang cukup tajam, tetapi gerakan mata dapat menyebabkan kekaburan yang signifikan. Untuk meminimalkan pengaruh gerakan mata ketika hewan bergerak, sebagian besar mata telah menstabilkan otot matanya.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oselus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oselus">Oselus</a> serangga memiliki lensa sederhana, tetapi titik fokusnya selalu terletak di belakang retina; akibatnya mata ini tidak pernah bisa membentuk gambar yang tajam. Oselus (jenis mata ceruk pada artropoda) mengaburkan gambar di seluruh retina, dan karenanya sangat baik dalam menanggapi perubahan intensitas cahaya yang cepat di bidang pandang keseluruhan. Respons cepat ini lebih dipercepat lagi oleh berkas saraf yang besar, yang mengirimkan informasi ke otak.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson1978_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson1978-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pemfokusan gambar juga akan menyebabkan citra matahari akan difokuskan pada beberapa reseptor, dengan kemungkinan kerusakan di bawah paparan cahaya yang kuat; melindungi reseptor akan menghalangi cahaya dan dengan demikian mengurangi sensitivitas.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson1978_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson1978-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Respons yang cepat ini telah membawa petunjuk bahwa oselus serangga digunakan terutama ketika terbang, karena oselus dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi perubahan cahaya mendadak (karena cahaya, terutama sinar ultraviolet yang diserap oleh vegetasi, biasanya datang dari atas).<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson1978_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson1978-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lensa_ganda">Lensa ganda</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Lensa ganda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lensa ganda"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beberapa organisme laut memiliki lebih dari satu lensa, misalnya <a href="/wiki/Copepoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Copepoda">copepoda</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontella&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontella (halaman belum tersedia)">Pontella</a></i> yang memiliki tiga lensa. Bagian luar memiliki permukaan parabola, melawan efek dari aberasi sferis yang memungkinkan pembentukan gambar tajam. Copepoda lain, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copilia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Copilia (halaman belum tersedia)">Copilia</a></i>, memiliki dua lensa di setiap mata, seperti yang diatur di dalam teleskop.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pengaturan tersebut langka dan kurang dipahami, tetapi merupakan konstruksi alternatif. Beberapa lensa terlihat di beberapa hewan pemburu seperti elang dan laba-laba pelompat, memiliki kornea refraktif (dibahas berikutnya): struktur ini memiliki lensa negatif, memperbesar gambar yang diamati hingga 50% pada sel reseptor, sehingga meningkatkan resolusi optik.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kornea_refraktif">Kornea refraktif</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Kornea refraktif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kornea refraktif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Columba_livia_-_01_(eye_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Columba_livia_-_01_%28eye_crop%29.jpg/220px-Columba_livia_-_01_%28eye_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Columba_livia_-_01_%28eye_crop%29.jpg/330px-Columba_livia_-_01_%28eye_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Columba_livia_-_01_%28eye_crop%29.jpg/440px-Columba_livia_-_01_%28eye_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="895" /></a><figcaption>Pada kebanyakan vertebrata darat, seperti <a href="/wiki/Merpati_karang" title="Merpati karang">merpati karang</a>, memiliki mata nonmajemuk dengan kornea refraktif.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada kebanyakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_mamalia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata mamalia (halaman belum tersedia)">mata mamalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penglihatan_burung#Anatomi_mata" title="Penglihatan burung">burung</a>, reptil, dan kebanyakan vertebrata darat lainnya (bersama dengan laba-laba dan beberapa larva serangga) cairan bening memiliki indeks bias lebih tinggi dari udara.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Secara umum, lensa tidak sferis. Lensa sferis menghasilkan aberasi sferis. Pada kornea refraktif, jaringan lensa dikoreksi dengan bahan lensa takhomogen (lihat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lensa_Luneburg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lensa Luneburg (halaman belum tersedia)">lensa Luneburg</a>), atau dengan bentuk taksferik.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Lensa datar memiliki kelemahan, yaitu kualitas penglihatan berkurang pada sumbu utama fokus. Dengan demikian, hewan yang telah berevolusi dengan bidang pandang luas sering memiliki mata yang menggunakan lensa takhomogen.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seperti disebutkan di atas, kornea refraktif hanya berguna di luar air. Di dalam air, terdapat sedikit perbedaan dalam indeks bias antara cairan bening dengan air di sekitarnya. Oleh karena itu, hewan yang telah kembali ke dalam air–misalnya penguin dan anjing laut–kehilangan kornea yang sangat melengkung dan kembali ke lensa berbasis penglihatan. Solusi alternatif yang dimiliki oleh beberapa hewan penyelam adalah memiliki kornea yang mampu memfokuskan sangat kuat.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mata_pemantul">Mata pemantul</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Mata pemantul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mata pemantul"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Scallop_eyes2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Scallop_eyes2.jpg/220px-Scallop_eyes2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Scallop_eyes2.jpg/330px-Scallop_eyes2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Scallop_eyes2.jpg/440px-Scallop_eyes2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1004" /></a><figcaption>Foto makro dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapis (halaman belum tersedia)">kapis</a> menunjukkan mata pemantul (warna biru).</figcaption></figure> <p>Sebuah alternatif untuk lensa adalah melapisi bagian dalam mata dengan "cermin", dan merefleksikan gambar agar memfokuskannya pada titik pusat.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sifat mata ini memiliki arti bahwa jika seseorang mengintip ke pupil mata suatu organisme, seseorang itu akan melihat gambar yang sama dengan apa yang dilihat organisme karena gambar yang ditangkap dipantulkan kembali keluar.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banyak organisme kecil seperti <a href="/wiki/Rotifera" title="Rotifera">rotifera</a>, copepoda, dan <a href="/wiki/Cacing_pipih" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacing pipih">cacing pipih</a> menggunakan organ seperti ini, tetapi mata pemantul terlalu kecil untuk menghasilkan gambar yang dapat digunakan.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beberapa organisme yang lebih besar, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapis (halaman belum tersedia)">kapis</a>, juga menggunakan mata pemantul. Kapis <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pecten&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pecten (halaman belum tersedia)">Pecten</a></i> hingga memiliki 100 mata pemantul per milimeter menyusuri tepi cangkangnya. Struktur ini dapat mendeteksi objek bergerak dengan melewati lensa berturutan.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terdapat setidaknya satu vertebrata, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolichopteryx_longipes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolichopteryx longipes (halaman belum tersedia)">Dolichopteryx longipes</a></i>, yang matanya termasuk optik reflektif untuk memfokuskan cahaya. Masing-masing dari dua mata pada seekor <i>Dolichopteryx longipes</i> mengumpulkan cahaya dari atas dan bawah. Cahaya yang datang dari atas difokuskan oleh lensa, sementara yang datang dari bawah difokuskan oleh cermin melengkung yang terdiri dari banyak lapisan lempeng kecil reflektif yang terbuat dari <a href="/wiki/Kristal" title="Kristal">kristal</a> <a href="/wiki/Guanin" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanin">guanin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wagner_et_al_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wagner_et_al-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mata_majemuk">Mata majemuk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Mata majemuk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mata majemuk"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:FLY_EYE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/FLY_EYE.jpg/220px-FLY_EYE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/FLY_EYE.jpg/330px-FLY_EYE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/FLY_EYE.jpg/440px-FLY_EYE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Gambar mata majemuk seekor lalat rumah menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Mikroskop_pemindai_elektron" title="Mikroskop pemindai elektron">mikroskop pemindai elektron</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Insect_compound_eye_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Insect_compound_eye_diagram.svg/220px-Insect_compound_eye_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Insect_compound_eye_diagram.svg/330px-Insect_compound_eye_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Insect_compound_eye_diagram.svg/440px-Insect_compound_eye_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>Anatomi mata majemuk pada serangga.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mata_facet_capung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mata_facet_capung.jpg/220px-Mata_facet_capung.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mata_facet_capung.jpg/330px-Mata_facet_capung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Mata_facet_capung.jpg/440px-Mata_facet_capung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1628" data-file-height="2442" /></a><figcaption>Artropoda seperti <a href="/wiki/Capung" title="Capung">capung</a> memiliki mata majemuk</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_artropoda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata artropoda (halaman belum tersedia)">mata artropoda</a></div> <p>Sebuah mata majemuk dapat terdiri dari ribuan fotoreseptor individual atau omatidia (<a href="/wiki/Omatidium" title="Omatidium">omatidium</a>, tunggal). Gambar yang dipersepsikan merupakan kombinasi ransangan dari berbagai omatidia ("satuan mata" individual) yang terletak di permukaan cembung, sehingga setiap omatidium menunjuk ke arah yang sedikit berbeda. Dibandingkan dengan mata sederhana, mata majemuk memiliki sudut pandang yang sangat besar, dapat mendeteksi gerakan cepat, dan dalam beberapa kasus dapat mendeteksi <a href="/wiki/Polarisasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarisasi">polarisasi</a> cahaya.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Karena lensa individual sangat kecil, efek <a href="/wiki/Difraksi" title="Difraksi">difraksi</a> memaksakan batasan pada kemungkinan resolusi yang dapat diperoleh (dengan asumsi bahwa mata majemuk tidak berfungsi sebagai <a href="/wiki/Susunan_berfase" title="Susunan berfase">susunan berfase</a>). Hal ini hanya dapat diatasi dengan meningkatkan ukuran dan jumlah lensa. Untuk melihat dengan resolusi sebanding dengan mata sederhana manusia, manusia akan membutuhkan mata majemuk sangat besar, memiliki radius sekitar 11 meter (36 kaki).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mata majemuk terbagi ke dalam dua kelompok: mata aposisi yang membentuk beberapa gambar terbalik, dan mata superposisi yang membentuk bayangan tunggal yang tegak.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mata majemuk sering ditemukan pada artropoda, dan juga terdapat pada Annelida dan beberapa moluska dwikatup.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mata majemuk, setidaknya pada artropoda, tumbuh dengan penambahan omatidia baru pada bagian tepi.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayer2006_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayer2006-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mata_aposisi">Mata aposisi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Mata aposisi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mata aposisi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mata aposisi adalah bentuk mata yang paling umum, dan mungkin juga bentuk nenek moyang mata majemuk. Mata ini ditemukan di seluruh kelompok <a href="/wiki/Artropoda" title="Artropoda">artropoda</a>, meskipun mata ini mungkin telah berevolusi lebih dari sekali di dalam filum ini.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beberapa <a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">annelida</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bivalvia" title="Bivalvia">bivalvia</a> juga memiliki mata aposisi. Mata ini juga dimiliki oleh <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limulus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Limulus (halaman belum tersedia)">Limulus</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Kepiting_tapal_kuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepiting tapal kuda">kepiting tapal kuda</a>, dan terdapat petunjuk bahwa <a href="/wiki/Chelicerata" title="Chelicerata">chelicerata</a> lain mengembangkan mata sederhana dengan mereduksi titik awal mata majemuk<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (beberapa ulat tampaknya telah mengembangkan mata majemuk dari mata sederhana dengan cara yang sebaliknya). </p><p>Mata aposisi bekerja dengan mengumpulkan sejumlah gambar, satu dari setiap mata, dan menggabungkannya di otak, dengan setiap mata biasanya memberi kontribusi satu titik informasi. Keunikan yang dimiliki mata aposisi adalah lensa yang memusatkan cahaya dari satu arah pada rabdom, sedangkan cahaya dari arah lain diserap oleh dinding gelap <a href="/wiki/Omatidium" title="Omatidium">omatidium</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mata_superposisi">Mata superposisi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Mata superposisi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mata superposisi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mata superposisi terbagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu: mata superposisi pembiasan, pemantulan, dan parabolik. Mata superposisi pembiasan memiliki celah antara lensa dan rabdom, dan tidak memiliki dinding samping. Setiap lensa mengambil cahaya dengan sudut tertentu ke sumbu lensa dan memantulkannya dengan besar sudut yang sama di sisi lain. Hasilnya adalah sebuah gambar pada setengah radius mata, di situlah ujung rabdom berada. Jenis mata majemuk ini biasanya ditemukan pada serangga nokturnal karena dapat membuat gambar hingga 1000 kali lebih terang daripada gambar yang dibentu mata aposisi yang setara, meski dengan pengurangan resolusi.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dekapoda bertubuh panjang seperti <a href="/wiki/Udang" title="Udang">udang</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Udang_air_tawar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Udang air tawar (halaman belum tersedia)">udang air tawar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">lobster</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Lobster_air_tawar" title="Lobster air tawar">lobster air tawar</a> memiliki mata superposisi pemantulan, yang juga memiliki celah transparan namun menggunakan cermin bersudut dan bukan lensa. </p><p>Pada tipe mata majemuk superposisi parabolik, yang ditemukan pada artropoda seperti serangga pada ordo <a href="/wiki/Ephemeroptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephemeroptera">Ephemeroptera</a>, permukaan bagian dalam berupa <a href="/wiki/Parabola" title="Parabola">parabola</a> dari setiap faset memfokuskan cahaya dari reflektor ke susunan sensor. Jenis mata ini berfungsi dengan membiaskan cahaya, lalu menggunakan cermin parabola untuk memfokuskan gambar, menggabungkan sifat mata aposisi dan superposisi.<sup id="cite_ref-Cronin2008_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cronin2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lainnya">Lainnya</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Lainnya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lainnya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jenis mata majemuk lainnya, yang ditemukan pada jantan ordo <a href="/wiki/Strepsiptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Strepsiptera">Strepsiptera</a>, menggunakan serangkaian mata sederhana—mata dengan satu celah memberikan cahaya untuk retina pembentuk citra keseluruhan. Beberapa dari lubang ini bersama-sama membentuk mata majemuk strepsipteran, mirip dengan mata majemuk 'skizokroal' dari beberapa <a href="/wiki/Trilobita" class="mw-redirect" title="Trilobita">trilobita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Karena masing-masing lubang mata adalah mata sederhana, mata ini akan menghasilkan gambar terbalik. Gambar tersebut digabungkan di otak untuk membentuk satu citra terpadu. Karena bukaan lubang lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan mata majemuk, pengaturan ini memungkinkan penglihatan pada tingkat cahaya rendah.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Rhombodera_basalis_2_Luc_Viatour_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Rhombodera_basalis_2_Luc_Viatour_cropped.jpg/220px-Rhombodera_basalis_2_Luc_Viatour_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Rhombodera_basalis_2_Luc_Viatour_cropped.jpg/330px-Rhombodera_basalis_2_Luc_Viatour_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Rhombodera_basalis_2_Luc_Viatour_cropped.jpg/440px-Rhombodera_basalis_2_Luc_Viatour_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>Gambar jarak dekat dari wajah <a href="/wiki/Belalang_sentadu" title="Belalang sentadu">belalang sentadu</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhombodera_basalis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhombodera basalis (halaman belum tersedia)">Rhombodera basalis</a></i>) yang menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Pseudopupil" title="Pseudopupil">pseudopupil</a> hitam pada mata majemuknya.</figcaption></figure> <p>Penerbang baik seperti lalat atau lebah madu, atau serangga pemakan mangsa seperti <a href="/wiki/Belalang_sentadu" title="Belalang sentadu">belalang sentadu</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Capung" title="Capung">capung</a>, memiliki <a href="/wiki/Omatidium" title="Omatidium">omatidia</a> dengan zona terspesialisasi disusun menjadi wilayah <a href="/wiki/Fovea" title="Fovea">fovea</a> yang memberikan penglihatan tajam. Pada wilayah penglihatan tajam ini, mata diratakan dan faset lebih besar. Perataan tersebut memungkinkan lebih banyak omatidia untuk menerima cahaya dari suatu tempat dan oleh karena itu memiliki resolusi yang lebih tinggi. Bintik hitam yang bisa dilihat pada mata majemuk beberapa serangga, selalu terlihat langsung, disebut <a href="/wiki/Pseudopupil" title="Pseudopupil">pseudopupil</a>. Pseudopupil ini terbentuk karena omatidia yang memiliki pengamatan terhadap <a href="/wiki/Sumbu_optis" title="Sumbu optis">sumbu optisnya</a> menyerap <a href="/wiki/Sinar" title="Sinar">sinar datang</a>, sementara sisi lainnya memantulkan cahaya.<sup id="cite_ref-Zeil_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zeil-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terdapat beberapa pengecualian dari jenis yang telah disebutkan di atas. Beberapa serangga memiliki mata yang disebut mata majemuk berlensa tunggal, sebuah tipe transisi antara mata majemuk multilensa tipe superposisi dengan mata berlensa tunggal yang ditemukan pada hewan dengan mata sederhana. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Udang_opossum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Udang opossum (halaman belum tersedia)">Udang opossum</a> <i>Dioptromolis paucispinosa</i> memiliki mata superposisi pembiasan, dengan hal yang jarang yaitu pada setiap mata terdapat faset tunggal yang besar dengan diameter tiga kali diameter faset lainnya dan di belakang faset ini terdapat kerucut kristalin yang besar. Struktur ini memproyeksikan citra tegak lurus pada retina terspesialisasi. Mata yang dihasilkan merupakan perpaduan mata sederhana di dalam mata majemuk. </p><p>Versi lain adalah mata pseudofaset, seperti yang terdapat pada <i><a href="/wiki/Scutigera" title="Scutigera">Scutigera</a></i>. Jenis mata ini terdiri dari gugus <a href="/wiki/Oselus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oselus">oselus</a> di setiap sisi kepala, diatur sedemikian rupa sehingga menyerupai mata majemuk sejati. </p><p>Tubuh <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophiocoma_wendtii&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ophiocoma wendtii (halaman belum tersedia)">Ophiocoma wendtii</a></i>, sejenis <a href="/wiki/Ophiuroidea" title="Ophiuroidea">Ophiuroidea</a>, ditutupi omatidia, mengubah seluruh kulitnya menjadi mata majemuk. Hal yang sama berlaku pada banyak <a href="/wiki/Polyplacophora" title="Polyplacophora">kiton</a>. Kaki tabung <a href="/wiki/Bulu_babi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulu babi">bulu babi</a> mengandung protein fotoreseptor, yang bersama-sama bertindak sebagai mata majemuk. Struktur ini hanya memiliki sedikit pigmen penyaringan, tetapi dapat mendeteksi arah cahaya dari bayangan yang diberikan oleh tubuh legapnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullrich-Luter2011_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullrich-Luter2011-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolusi">Evolusi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Evolusi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Evolusi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolusi_mata&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolusi mata (halaman belum tersedia)">Evolusi mata</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Diagram_of_eye_evolution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Diagram_of_eye_evolution.svg/330px-Diagram_of_eye_evolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="461" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Diagram_of_eye_evolution.svg/495px-Diagram_of_eye_evolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Diagram_of_eye_evolution.svg/660px-Diagram_of_eye_evolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Evolusi mata moluska.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fotoreseptor secara <a href="/wiki/Filogenetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Filogenetik">filogenetik</a> sangat tua, dengan berbagai teori filogenesis.<sup id="cite_ref-Autrum1979_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autrum1979-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Asal usul bersama (<a href="/wiki/Monofili" title="Monofili">monofili</a>) semua mata hewan sekarang diterima secara luas sebagai fakta. Hal ini didasarkan pada ciri genetik bersama dari semua mata. Artinya, semua mata modern, bervariasi seperti semula, asal-usulnya berasal dari mata proto yang diyakini berevolusi sekitar 540 juta tahun yang lalu,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan gen <a href="/w/index.php?title=PAX6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="PAX6 (halaman belum tersedia)">PAX6</a> dianggap sebagai faktor kunci dalam hal ini. Sebagian besar kemajuan pada mata proto diyakini telah memakan waktu beberapa juta tahun untuk berkembang, karena predator pertama yang mendapatkan pencitraan sejati akan menyentuh "perlombaan senjata"<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> di antara semua spesies yang tidak menjauh dari lingkungan fotopik. Hewan pemangsa dan predator yang bersaing sama-sama memiliki kelemahan yang berbeda tanpa suatu kemampuan dan cenderung tidak bertahan dan bereproduksi. Oleh karena itu, beberapa tipe mata dan subtipenya berkembang secara paralel (kecuali beberapa kelompok, seperti vertebrata, yang dipaksa masuk ke lingkungan fotopik pada tahap akhir). </p><p>Mata pada berbagai hewan menunjukkan adaptasi terhadap kebutuhannya. Misalnya, mata seekor <a href="/wiki/Burung_pemangsa" title="Burung pemangsa">burung pemangsa</a> memiliki ketajaman penglihatan yang jauh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Mata_manusia" title="Mata manusia">mata manusia</a>, dan dalam beberapa kasus dapat mendeteksi radiasi <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a>. Bentuk mata yang berbeda, misalnya, vertebrata dan moluska adalah contoh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolusi_paralel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolusi paralel (halaman belum tersedia)">evolusi paralel</a>, terlepas dari keturunan leluhur mereka yang jauh. Konvergensi fenotipik dari geometri sefalopoda dan sebagian besar mata vertebrata menciptakan kesan bahwa mata vertebrata berevolusi dari pencitraan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sefalopoda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata sefalopoda (halaman belum tersedia)">mata sefalopoda</a>, tetapi tak seperti itu, peran siliari dan kelas opsin rabdomerik pada kedua hewan terbalik,<sup id="cite_ref-Lamb_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamb-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan memiliki lensa kristalin yang berbeda.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Mata" paling awal, disebut bintik mata, adalah kumpulan sederhana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protein_fotoreseptor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Protein fotoreseptor (halaman belum tersedia)">protein fotoreseptor</a> pada hewan uniseluler. Pada makhluk hidup multiseluler, bintik mata multisel berevolusi, secara fisik mirip dengan kumpulan reseptor pengecap dan pembau. Mata ini hanya bisa mengindera kecerahan di sekitarnya, membedakan terang dan gelap, tetapi bukan arah sumber cahaya.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Melalui perubahan bertahap, bintik mata pada spesies yang tinggal di lingkungan terang tertekan membentuk cekungan yang tidak dalam, sehingga memiliki sedikit kemampuan untuk membedakan kecerahan terarah yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan sudut cahaya yang menimpa sel tertentu untuk mengidentifikasi sumbernya. Lubang yang diperdalam dari waktu ke waktu, ukuran bukaan berkurang, dan jumlah sel fotoreseptor meningkat, membentuk <a href="/wiki/Kamera_lubang_jarum" title="Kamera lubang jarum">kamera lubang jarum</a> yang efektif dan mampu dengan samar-samar membedakan suatu bentuk.<sup id="cite_ref-ee_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ee-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun, nenek moyang <a href="/wiki/Remang" class="mw-redirect" title="Remang">remang</a> modern, yang dianggap sebagai protovertebrata,<sup id="cite_ref-Lamb_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamb-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ternyata terdesak ke perairan dalam dan gelap, wilayah yang kurang rentan untuk terlihat oleh predator dan wilayah yang menguntungkan untuk memiliki bintik mata konveks, mengumpulkan lebih banyak cahaya dibandingkan dengan bintik mata datar ataupun cekung. Hal ini akan menyebabkan lintasan evolusioner yang agak berbeda pada mata vertebrata dibandingkan dengan mata hewan lainnya. </p><p>Pertumbuhan berlebih sel tipis dari sel transparan di atas bukaan mata, yang semula dibentuk untuk mencegah kerusakan pada bintik mata, memungkinkan cairan terpisah pada ruang mata terspesialisasi menjadi humor transparan yang mengoptimalkan penyaringan warna, menghambat radiasi berbahaya, memperbaiki <a href="/wiki/Indeks_bias" title="Indeks bias">indeks bias</a> mata, dan memungkinkan fungsi di luar air. Sel pelindung transparan ini akhirnya terbagi menjadi dua lapisan, dengan cairan sirkulasi di antaranya memungkinkan sudut pandang yang lebih luas dan resolusi pencitraan yang lebih besar, dan ketebalan lapisan transparan meningkat secara bertahap, pada kebanyakan spesies dengan protein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristalin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristalin (halaman belum tersedia)">kristalin</a> transparan.<sup id="cite_ref-lenses_come_from_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lenses_come_from-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Celah antara lapisan jaringan secara alami membentuk bikonveks, struktur ideal secara optimal untuk memperoleh indeks bias yang normal. Secara independen, lapisan transparan dan lapisan nontransparan terpisah dari lensa membentuk kornea dan iris. Kemudian, pemisahan lapisan kembali terjadi membentuk humor, <a href="/wiki/Beranda_depan_(mata)" title="Beranda depan (mata)">beranda depan</a>. Humor ini mampu meningkatkan daya refraktif dan mengurangi masalah sirkulasi darah. Pembentukan cincin nontransparan memungkinkan lebih banyak pembuluh darah, lebih banyak sirkulasi, dan ukuran mata yang lebih besar.<sup id="cite_ref-lenses_come_from_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lenses_come_from-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hubungan_dengan_kebutuhan_hidup">Hubungan dengan kebutuhan hidup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Hubungan dengan kebutuhan hidup" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Hubungan dengan kebutuhan hidup"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mata umumnya beradaptasi dengan kebutuhan hidup organisme dan lingkungan yang menyandangnya. Misalnya, distribusi fotoreseptor cenderung sesuai dengan area yang membutuhkan ketajaman tinggi, dengan organisme pemindai horison, seperti makhluk hidup di dataran <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, memiliki garis horisontal ganglia dengan kepadatan tinggi, sedangkan makhluk hidup yang bertempat tinggal di pohon yang membutuhkan penglihatan serba baik cenderung memiliki distribusi ganglia simetris, dengan ketajaman menurun saat semakin jauh dari pusat. </p><p>Tentu saja, untuk kebanyakan jenis mata, tidak mungkin menyimpang dari bentuk <a href="/wiki/Bola" title="Bola">bola</a>, sehingga hanya densitas reseptor optik yang bisa diubah. Pada organisme dengan mata majemuk, jumlah omatidia dan bukan <a href="/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion">ganglia</a> yang mencerminkan daerah dengan perolehan cahaya tertinggi.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1992_1-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><span class="reference plainlinksneverexpand" style="white-space:nowrap"><sup>:23–4</sup></span> Mata superposisi dibatasi pada bentuk bola, tetapi mata majemuk jenis lainnya dapat berubah menjadi bentuk yang memiliki lebih banyak omatidia yang selaras dengan, katakanlah, cakrawala, tanpa mengubah ukuran atau kepadatan omatidia individu.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1989_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1989-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mata organisme pemindai horison memiliki tangkai sehingga bisa dengan mudah diselaraskan dengan cakrawala ketika berada di tempat miring, misalnya jika hewan itu berada di lereng.<sup id="cite_ref-Zeil_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zeil-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hyperia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hyperia.jpg/220px-Hyperia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hyperia.jpg/330px-Hyperia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hyperia.jpg/440px-Hyperia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1673" data-file-height="1576" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Hyperia_macrocephala" title="Hyperia macrocephala">Hyperia macrocephala</a></i>, salah satu spesies <a href="/wiki/Hyperiidea" title="Hyperiidea">hyperiidea</a>, memiliki mata bagian atas yang lebih besar.</figcaption></figure> <p>Perpanjangan dari konsep ini adalah bahwa mata predator biasanya memiliki zona penglihatan yang sangat tajam pada pusatnya, untuk membantu identifikasi mangsa.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1989_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1989-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada organisme perairan dalam, mungkin bukan pusat mata yang membesar. <a href="/wiki/Amphipoda" title="Amphipoda">Amphipoda</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyperiidea" title="Hyperiidea">hyperiidea</a> adalah hewan perairan dalam yang memakan organisme di atas mereka. Mata mereka hampir terbagi menjadi dua, dengan daerah bagian atas diperkirakan terlibat dalam mendeteksi siluet mangsa potensial—atau pemangsa—terhadap cahaya langit yang samar di atasnya. Dengan demikian, hyperiidea pada perairan yang lebih dalam, dengan perbandingan antara cahaya dan bayangan <a href="/wiki/Siluet" title="Siluet">siluet</a> sulit dibedakan, memiliki "mata bagian atas" yang lebih besar, dan mungkin kehilangan mata bagian bawah.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1989_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1989-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persepsi_kedalaman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Persepsi kedalaman (halaman belum tersedia)">Persepsi kedalaman</a> dapat ditingkatkan dengan memiliki mata yang membesar pada satu arah, sedikit mendistorsi mata memungkinkan jarak objek dapat diperkirakan dengan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi.<sup id="cite_ref-Cronin2008_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cronin2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ketajaman lebih tinggi dimiliki oleh organisme jantan yang kawin di udara, karena organisme jantan ini harus bisa mengenali dan menilai calon pasangan dengan latar yang sangat besar.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1989_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1989-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di sisi lain, mata organisme yang dipakai pada tingkat cahaya rendah, seperti sekitar fajar dan senja atau di perairan dalam, cenderung lebih besar untuk meningkatkan jumlah cahaya yang bisa ditangkap.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1989_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1989-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bukan hanya bentuk mata yang mungkin berdampak pada gaya hidup. Mata bisa menjadi bagian organisme yang paling terlihat, dan ini bisa bertindak sebagai tekanan pada organisme yang memiliki mata yang lebih transparan dengan biaya fungsi.<sup id="cite_ref-Land1989_35-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Land1989-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mata dapat terpasang pada tangkai untuk memberikan penglihatan serba lebih baik, dengan mengangkatnya ke atas <a href="/wiki/Karapas" class="mw-redirect" title="Karapas">karapas</a> organisme. Hal ini juga memungkinkan mereka untuk melacak predator atau mangsa tanpa menggerakkan kepala.<sup id="cite_ref-Cronin2008_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cronin2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisiologi">Fisiologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Fisiologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fisiologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ketajaman_penglihatan">Ketajaman penglihatan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Ketajaman penglihatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ketajaman penglihatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hawk_eye.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hawk_eye.jpg/220px-Hawk_eye.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hawk_eye.jpg/330px-Hawk_eye.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Hawk_eye.jpg/440px-Hawk_eye.jpg 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption>Mata <a href="/wiki/Elang_ekor-merah" title="Elang ekor-merah">elang ekor-merah</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ketajaman_penglihatan" title="Ketajaman penglihatan">Ketajaman penglihatan</a>, atau daya pisah, adalah "kemampuan untuk membedakan detail halus" dan merupakan sifat dari <a href="/wiki/Sel_kerucut" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel kerucut">sel kerucut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali&amp;Klyne1985p28_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali&amp;Klyne1985p28-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ketajaman penglihatan sering diukur dalam siklus per <a href="/wiki/Derajat" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Derajat">derajat</a>, mengukur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolusi_sudut&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Resolusi sudut (halaman belum tersedia)">resolusi sudut</a>, atau seberapa jauh mata dapat membedakan satu objek dengan objek lain dari segi sudut penglihatan. Resolusi dalam siklus per derajat dapat diukur menggunakan grafik batang dengan perbedaan jumlah siklus garis putih/hitam. Misalnya, jika masing-masing pola memiliki lebar 1,75&#160;cm dan ditempatkan pada jarak 1 m dari mata, akan membentuk sudut 1 derajat, sehingga jumlah pasangan garis putih/hitam pada pola akan menjadi ukuran siklus per derajat pola itu. Angka tertinggi yang bisa dilihat oleh mata sebagai garis-garis terpisah, atau yang membedakan dari blok abu-abu, adalah pengukuran ketajaman penglihatan. </p><p>Untuk mata manusia dengan ketajaman yang sangat baik, resolusi teoretis maksimum adalah 50 siklus per derajat<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (1,2 <a href="/wiki/Menit_dan_detik_busur" title="Menit dan detik busur">menit busur</a> per pasangan garis, atau 0,35&#160;mm pasangan garis pada jarak 1 m). Seekor tikus hanya mampu memisahkan sekitar 1 sampai 2 siklus per derajat.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Seekor kuda memiliki ketajaman yang lebih tinggi melalui sebagian besar bidang penglihatan matanya dibandingkan dengan yang dimiliki manusia, tetapi tidak serupa dengan ketajaman daerah <a href="/wiki/Fovea" title="Fovea">fovea</a> pada pusat mata manusia.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aberasi sferis membatasi resolusi pupil berdiameter 7&#160;mm hingga sekitar 3 menit busur per pasangan garis. Pada pupil berdiameter 3&#160;mm, aberasi sferis sangat berkurang, meningkatkan resolusi sekitar 1,7 menit busur per pasangan garis.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Resolusi 2 menit busur per pasangan garis, setara dengan celah 1 menit busur pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diagram_mata&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Diagram mata (halaman belum tersedia)">optotipe</a>, sesuai dengan 20/20 (<a href="/wiki/Ketajaman_penglihatan#Penglihatan_normal" title="Ketajaman penglihatan">penglihatan normal</a>) pada manusia. </p><p>Namun, resolusi pada mata majemuk berkaitan dengan ukuran omatidia tunggal dan jarak antar omatidia yang bersebelahan. Secara fisik ukuran omatidia tidak dapat dikurangi untuk mencapai ketajaman seperti yang terlihat dengan mata berlensa tunggal pada mamalia. Mata majemuk memiliki ketajaman yang jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan mata vertebrata.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persepsi_warna">Persepsi warna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Persepsi warna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Persepsi warna"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penglihatan_warna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Penglihatan warna (halaman belum tersedia)">Penglihatan warna</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Eyesensitivity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Eyesensitivity.svg/220px-Eyesensitivity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Eyesensitivity.svg/330px-Eyesensitivity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Eyesensitivity.svg/440px-Eyesensitivity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="589" /></a><figcaption>Sensitivitas kecerahan relatif <a href="/wiki/Penglihatan_fotopik" title="Penglihatan fotopik">fotopik</a> dari sistem penglihatan manusia sebagai fungsi panjang gelombang (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fungsi_luminositas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fungsi luminositas (halaman belum tersedia)">fungsi luminositas</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Penglihatan warna adalah kemampuan organisme untuk membedakan cahaya dengan kualitas spektral yang berbeda.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali&amp;Klyne1985p161_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali&amp;Klyne1985p161-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Semua organisme terbatas pada rentang <a href="/wiki/Spektrum_elektromagnetik" title="Spektrum elektromagnetik">spektrum elektromagnetik</a> yang sempit, bervariasi antar makhluk hidup, tetapi sebagian besar mampu melihat <a href="/wiki/Panjang_gelombang" title="Panjang gelombang">panjang gelombang</a> antara 400 hingga 700&#160;nm.<sup id="cite_ref-Fernald1982_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernald1982-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rentang ini merupakan bagian yang kecil dari spektrum elektromagnetik, mungkin mencerminkan evolusi organ dari makhluk hidup bawah laut: air menghalangi semua kecuali dua jendela kecil spektrum elektromagnetik, dan tidak ada tekanan evolusioner pada hewan darat untuk memperluas rentang ini.<sup id="cite_ref-Fernald1997_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernald1997-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pigmen yang paling sensitif, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodopsin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodopsin (halaman belum tersedia)">rodopsin</a>, memiliki respons puncak pada 500&#160;nm.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith1990_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith1990-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perubahan kecil pada gen yang mengkodekan protein ini dapat mengubah respons puncak beberapa nm.<sup id="cite_ref-Frentiu2008_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frentiu2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pigmen pada lensa juga dapat menyaring cahaya masuk dan mengubah respons puncak.<sup id="cite_ref-Frentiu2008_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frentiu2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Banyak organisme tidak dapat membedakan warna, melihat dengan warna abu-abu, yang menunjukkan bahwa penglihatan warna memerlukan berbagai sel pigmen yang terutama sensitif terhadap rentang spektrum yang lebih kecil. Pada <a href="/wiki/Primata" title="Primata">primata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokek" title="Tokek">tokek</a>, dan organisme lainnya, sel pigmen ini berbentuk <a href="/wiki/Sel_kerucut" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel kerucut">sel kerucut</a>, yang kemudian <a href="/wiki/Sel_batang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel batang">sel batang</a> yang lebih sensitif berevolusi dari sel ini.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith1990_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith1990-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bahkan, jika organisme secara fisik mampu membedakan warna yang berbeda, hal ini tidak berarti bahwa organisme tersebut dapat merasakan warna yang berbeda, hanya dengan tes perilaku hal ini dapat disimpulkan.<sup id="cite_ref-Frentiu2008_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frentiu2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kebanyakan organisme dengan penglihatan warna mampu mendeteksi <a href="/wiki/Sinar_ultraviolet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinar ultraviolet">sinar ultraviolet</a>. Cahaya dengan energi tinggi ini mampu merusak sel reseptor. Dengan beberapa pengecualian (ular dan <a href="/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia">mamalia berplasenta</a>), kebanyakan organisme menghindari efek ini dengan memiliki tetesan minyak penyerap di sekitar sel kerucutnya. Alternatifnya, organisme yang telah kehilangan tetesan minyak ini dalam perjalanan evolusinya membuat lensa yang tahan terhadap sinar ultraviolet, menghalangi kemungkinan adanya sinar ultraviolet yang terdeteksi hingga tidak sampai ke retina.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith1990_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith1990-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sel_batang_dan_kerucut">Sel batang dan kerucut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Sel batang dan kerucut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sel batang dan kerucut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Retina memiliki dua jenis <a href="/wiki/Sel_fotoreseptor" title="Sel fotoreseptor">sel fotoreseptor</a> mayor yang peka cahaya dan digunakan untuk penglihatan: <a href="/wiki/Sel_batang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel batang">sel batang</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sel_kerucut" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel kerucut">sel kerucut</a>. Sel batang tidak dapat membedakan warna, tetapi bertanggung jawab dalam penglihatan pada cahaya rendah (<a href="/wiki/Penglihatan_skotopik" title="Penglihatan skotopik">skotopik</a>) monokrom (<a href="/wiki/Hitam_putih" title="Hitam putih">hitam putih</a>). Sel batang bekerja dengan baik pada cahaya redup karena mengandung pigmen, rodopsin (ungu), yang sensitif pada intensitas cahaya rendah, tetapi jenuh pada intensitas yang lebih tinggi (<a href="/wiki/Penglihatan_fotopik" title="Penglihatan fotopik">fotopik</a>). Sel batang tersebar ke seluruh retina kecuali <a href="/wiki/Fovea" title="Fovea">fovea</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Titik_buta_(penglihatan)" title="Titik buta (penglihatan)">bintik buta</a>. Kepadatan sel batang lebih besar pada retina perifer dibandingkan pada retina sentral. </p><p>Sel kerucut bertanggung jawab dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penglihatan_warna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Penglihatan warna (halaman belum tersedia)">penglihatan warna</a>. Sel ini membutuhkan cahaya yang lebih terang untuk berfungsi dibandingkan dengan cahaya yang dibutuhkan sel batang. Pada manusia, terdapat tiga jenis sel kerucut, yaitu: sel kerucut yang sangat peka terhadap panjang gelombang panjang, panjang gelombang menengah, dan panjang gelombang pendek (sering disebut sebagai merah, hijau, dan biru secara berurutan, meskipun puncak sensitivitasnya tidak benar-benar pada warna ini). Warna yang terlihat adalah gabungan efek <a href="/wiki/Stimulus_(fisiologi)" title="Stimulus (fisiologi)">stimulus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Model_stimulus%E2%80%93respons" class="mw-redirect" title="Model stimulus–respons">respons</a> dari ketiga jenis sel kerucut ini. Sel kerucut sebagian besar terkonsentrasi di dan dekat fovea. Hanya sedikit yang terdapat di sisi retina. Objek terlihat paling tajam pada fokus ketika gambar jatuh di fovea, seperti ketika seseorang melihat objek secara langsung. Sel kerucut dan batang dihubungkan melalui sel antara di retina ke serabut <a href="/wiki/Saraf_optik" title="Saraf optik">saraf optik</a>. Ketika sel batang dan kerucut dirangsang oleh cahaya, keduanya terhubung melalui sel yang berdampingan di dalam retina untuk mengirim sinyal listrik ke serabut saraf optik. Saraf optik mengirimkan impuls melalui serabut saraf ini ke otak.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith1990_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith1990-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pigmentasi">Pigmentasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Pigmentasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pigmentasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Molekul pigmen yang digunakan mata bervariasi, tetapi perbedaan ini dapat digunakan untuk menentukan jarak evolusioner antara kelompok yang berbeda, dan juga dapat menjadi bantuan dalam menentukan kelompok mana yang terkait erat–walaupun terdapat masalah konvergensi.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldsmith1990_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldsmith1990-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Opsin" title="Opsin">Opsin</a> adalah pigmen yang terlibat dalam fotoresepsi. Pigmen lain, seperti <a href="/wiki/Melanin" title="Melanin">melanin</a>, digunakan untuk melindungi sel fotoreseptor dari cahaya yang lolos dari samping. Kelompok protein opsin berevolusi jauh sebelum nenek moyang terakhir hewan, dan terus melakukan diversifikasi sejak saat itu.<sup id="cite_ref-Frentiu2008_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frentiu2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Terdapat dua jenis opsin yang terlibat dalam penglihatan, yaitu c-opsin yang berasosiasi dengan sel fotoreseptor bersilia dan r-opsin yang berasosiasi dengan sel fotoreseptor rabdomer.<sup id="cite_ref-Nilsson2008_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nilsson2008-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mata vertebrata biasanya mengandung sel bersilia dengan c-opsin dan mata invertebrata (bilaterian) memiliki sel rabdomer dengan r-opsin. Namun, beberapa sel ganglion vertebrata mengekspresikan r-opsin, menunjukkan bahwa nenek moyang vertebrata menggunakan pigmen ini dalam penglihatan, dan sisa-sisa itu bertahan di mata.<sup id="cite_ref-Nilsson2008_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nilsson2008-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Demikian juga, telah ditemukan bahwa c-opsin diekspresikan di <i>otak</i> beberapa invertebrata. C-opsin ini mungkin telah diekspresikan oleh sel bersilia pada mata larva, yang kemudian diserap ke otak pada metamorfosis ke bentuk dewasa.<sup id="cite_ref-Nilsson2008_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nilsson2008-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> C-opsin juga ditemukan di beberapa mata invertebrata bilaterian yang diturunkan, seperti mata palium dari moluska bivalvia, tetapi mata lateral (yang mungkin merupakan tipe nenek moyang untuk kelompok ini, jika mata berevolusi sekali) selalu menggunakan r-opsin.<sup id="cite_ref-Nilsson2008_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nilsson2008-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a>, yang merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelompok_luar_(kladistika)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelompok luar (kladistika) (halaman belum tersedia)">kelompok luar</a> dari taksa yang disebutkan di atas, mengekspresikan c-opsin–namun r-opsin belum ditemukan di dalam kelompok ini.<sup id="cite_ref-Nilsson2008_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nilsson2008-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kebetulan, melanin pada cnidaria diproduksi dengan cara yang sama seperti pada vertebrata, menunjukkan penurunan pigmen ini.<sup id="cite_ref-Nilsson2008_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nilsson2008-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptasi_(mata)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adaptasi (mata) (halaman belum tersedia)">Adaptasi (mata)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_artropoda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata artropoda (halaman belum tersedia)">Mata artropoda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_mamalia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata mamalia (halaman belum tersedia)">Mata mamalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_manusia" title="Mata manusia">Mata manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_moluska&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata moluska (halaman belum tersedia)">Mata moluska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_sederhana_(invertebrata)" title="Mata sederhana (invertebrata)">Mata sederhana (invertebrata)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_sefalopoda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata sefalopoda (halaman belum tersedia)">Mata sefalopoda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkembangan_mata&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkembangan mata (halaman belum tersedia)">Perkembangan mata</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan_dan_referensi">Catatan dan referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan dan referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan dan referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tidak ada konsensus universal pada jumlah yang tepat dari filum Animalia; penyataan jumlah sedikit bervariasi dari penulis ke penulis.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Land1992-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land1992_1-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Land, M. 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New York: Oxford University Press. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blindspotsmanywa00brei/page/n18">4</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-539426-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-539426-9">978-0-19-539426-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Blindspots%3A+The+Many+Ways+We+Cannot+See&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=4&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-539426-9&amp;rft.aulast=Breitmeyer&amp;rft.aufirst=Bruno&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblindspotsmanywa00brei&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nairne, James (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=6MqkLT-Q0oUC&amp;pg=PA146"><i>Psychology</i></a>. 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(Fifth Edition, 2007, Page 94)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Image+Processing+Handbook&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F156223054&amp;rft.isbn=0-8493-7254-2&amp;rft.au=Russ%2C+John+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DVs2AM2cWl1AC%26pg%3DPT110&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Klaassen, Curtis D. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=G16riRjvmykC&amp;pg=PA574"><i>Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons</i></a>. 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"Eye Evolution: the Blurry Beginning". <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>18</b> (23): R1096–R1098. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2008.10.025">10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.025</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0960-9822">0960-9822</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19081043">19081043</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=Eye+Evolution%3A+the+Blurry+Beginning&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=23&amp;rft.pages=R1096-R1098&amp;rft.date=2008-12&amp;rft.issn=0960-9822&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19081043&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2008.10.025&amp;rft.aulast=Nilsson&amp;rft.aufirst=E.&amp;rft.au=Arendt%2C+D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_tambahan">Bacaan tambahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan tambahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan tambahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Yong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Yong (halaman belum tersedia)">Yong, Ed</a> (14 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2016/02/evolution-of-eyes-text">"Inside the Eye: Nature's Most Exquisite Creation"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&amp;rft.atitle=Inside+the+Eye%3A+Nature%27s+Most+Exquisite+Creation&amp;rft.date=2016-01-14&amp;rft.au=Yong%2C+Ed&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngm.nationalgeographic.com%2F2016%2F02%2Fevolution-of-eyes-text&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografi">Bibliografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Bibliografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bibliografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFAliKlyne1985" class="citation book">Ali, Mohamed Ather; Klyne, M. A. (1985). <i>Vision in Vertebrates</i>. New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plenum_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plenum Press (halaman belum tersedia)">Plenum Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-306-42065-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-306-42065-1">0-306-42065-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Vision+in+Vertebrates&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Plenum+Press&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.isbn=0-306-42065-1&amp;rft.aulast=Ali&amp;rft.aufirst=Mohamed+Ather&amp;rft.au=Klyne%2C+M.+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AMata" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Eyes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Eyes"><span style="">Mata</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/1/l_011_01.html">Evolution of the eye</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lensshopper.com/eye-anatomy.asp">Anatomy of the eye – flash animated interactive.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webvision.med.utah.edu/">Webvision. The organisation of the retina and visual system.</a> An in-depth treatment of retinal function, open to all but geared most toward graduate students.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2001/03/28_wers1.html">Eye strips images of all but bare essentials before sending visual information to brain, UC Berkeley research shows</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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