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<span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sample text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Orthography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_shifts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_shifts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Historical shifts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_shifts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plurality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plurality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Plurality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plurality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Declension_table" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declension_table"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Declension table</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Declension_table-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bashkir language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 118 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basjkiers" title="Basjkiers – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Basjkiers" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Башкир тил – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Башкир тил" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%88%BD%E1%8A%AA%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%9B" title="ባሽኪርኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባሽኪርኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Абашкьыр бызшәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Абашкьыр бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة البشكيرية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة البشكيرية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_baskir" title="Idioma baskir – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma baskir" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fq%C4%B1rd_dili" title="Başqırd dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Başqırd dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="باشقیرد تورکجه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باشقیرد تورکجه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir-g%C3%AD" title="Bashkir-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bashkir-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Башҡорт теле – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Башҡорт теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Башкірская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Башкірская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Башкірская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Башкірская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Башкирски език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Башкирски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachkireg" title="Bachkireg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bachkireg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Башкир хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Башкир хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixkir" title="Baixkir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Baixkir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Пушкăрт чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пушкăрт чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kir%C5%A1tina" title="Baškirština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Baškirština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basjkirsk_(sprog)" title="Basjkirsk (sprog) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Basjkirsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baschkirische_Sprache" title="Baschkirische Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baschkirische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kir%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Baškiršćina – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Baškiršćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kiiri_keel" title="Baškiiri keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Baškiiri keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AF%CF%81" title="Γλώσσα Μπασκίρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα Μπασκίρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Башкирэнь кель – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Башкирэнь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_baskir" title="Idioma baskir – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma baskir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Dkira_lingvo" title="Baŝkira lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baŝkira lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baxkirera" title="Baxkirera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baxkirera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زبان باشقیری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان باشقیری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir_bhasa" title="Bashkir bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bashkir bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachkir" title="Bachkir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bachkir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Bhaisc%C3%ADris" title="An Bhaiscíris – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Bhaiscíris" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkurt_dili" title="Başkurt dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Başkurt dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_baskir" title="Lingua baskir – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua baskir" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir-ng%C3%AE" title="Bashkir-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bashkir-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%8B%9C%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%96%B4" title="바시키르어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바시키르어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Բաշկիրերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բաշկիրերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बाश्किर भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बाश्किर भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kir%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Baškiršćina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Baškiršćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kirski_jezik" title="Baškirski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Baškirski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bashkir" title="Bahasa Bashkir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Bashkir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Башкираг æвзаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Башкираг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_baschira" title="Lingua baschira – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua baschira" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="בשקירית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בשקירית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ბაშკირული ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბაშკირული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Башқұрт тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Башқұрт тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibashkiri" title="Kibashkiri – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kibashkiri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Башкир кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Башкир кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backortava" title="Backortava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Backortava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_ba%C5%9Fk%C3%AEr%C3%AE" title="Zimanê başkîrî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê başkîrî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Башкырт тили – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Башкырт тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Baschkirica" title="Lingua Baschkirica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Baschkirica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1k%C4%ABru_valoda" title="Baškīru valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Baškīru valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kir%C5%B3_kalba" title="Baškirų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baškirų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bask%C3%ADr_nyelv" title="Baskír nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Baskír nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Башкирски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Башкирски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_baskira" title="Fiteny baskira – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny baskira" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बाश्किर भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बाश्किर भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ბაშკირული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბაშკირული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="لغه باشقير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه باشقير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="باشکورئیج – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="باشکورئیج" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bashkir" title="Bahasa Bashkir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Bashkir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Bashkir-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bashkir-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Башкортонь кяль – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Башкортонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Башкир хэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Башкир хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basjkiers" title="Basjkiers – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Basjkiers" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बाश्किर भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बाश्किर भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="バシキール語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バシキール語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Башкирийн мотт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Башкирийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baschkiirisk_spriak" title="Baschkiirisk spriak – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Baschkiirisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basjkirsk" title="Basjkirsk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Basjkirsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basjkirsk" title="Basjkirsk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Basjkirsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashquir" title="Bashquir – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bashquir" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Пошкырт йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Пошкырт йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boshqird_tili" title="Boshqird tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Boshqird tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بشکیر بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بشکیر بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="باشکيري ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="باشکيري ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Башкыр кыв – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Башкыр кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_bashkir" title="Lenga bashkir – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga bashkir" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_baszkirski" title="Język baszkirski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język baszkirski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_basquir" title="Língua basquir – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua basquir" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashqurt_tili" title="Bashqurt tili – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Bashqurt tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fq%C4%B1rt_tili" title="Başqırt tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Başqırt tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_ba%C8%99chir%C4%83" title="Limba bașchiră – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba bașchiră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Башкирский язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Башкирский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Башкиир тыла – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Башкиир тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱟᱥᱠᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_bashkire" title="Gjuha bashkire – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha bashkire" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskiru" title="Baskiru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Baskiru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bashkir language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kir%C4%8Dina" title="Baškirčina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Baškirčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kir%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Baškirščina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Baškirščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Башкортьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Башкортьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baszkirsk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Baszkirskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Baszkirskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Башкирски језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Башкирски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kirski_jezik" title="Baškirski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Baškirski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kiirin_kieli" title="Baškiirin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Baškiirin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basjkiriska" title="Basjkiriska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Basjkiriska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Bashkir" title="Wikang Bashkir – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Bashkir" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="பசுகிர மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பசுகிர மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Башкорт теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Башкорт теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95" title="ภาษาบัชกอร์ต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาบัชกอร์ต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%88%D2%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Забони бошқирдӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони бошқирдӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fkurt%C3%A7a" title="Başkurtça – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Başkurtça" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Башкир дыл – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Башкир дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Башкир кыл – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Башкир кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Башкирська мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Башкирська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="باشقیر زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باشقیر زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%DB%87%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%86%DB%95" title="باشقۇرتچە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="باشقۇرتچە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1kiran_kel%27" title="Baškiran kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Baškiran kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Bashkir" title="Tiếng Bashkir – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Bashkir" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baskiiri_kiil" title="Baskiiri kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Baskiiri kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="巴什基尔语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴什基尔语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E5%9F%BA%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="巴什基爾文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴什基爾文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fq%C4%B1rdki" title="Başqırdki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Başqırdki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%A1k%C4%97ru_kalba" title="Baškėru kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Baškėru kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="巴什基尔语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴什基尔语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bashkir" title="Bahasa Bashkir – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Bashkir" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Bashkir</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;"><span title="Bashkir-language text"><span lang="ba-Cyrl">башҡорт теле (башҡортса)</span></span><br /><span title="Bashkir-language text"><i lang="ba-Latn">başqort tele (başqortsa)</i></span><br /><span title="Bashkir-language text"><span lang="ba-Arab" dir="rtl">باشقۇرت تىُلىُ (باشقۇرتسا)</span></span><br /><span title="Bashkir-language text"><span lang="ba-Arab" dir="rtl">باشقرد تلی (باشقردسا)</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bashkir_in_Cyrillic,_Latin,_and_Arabic_scripts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bashkir_in_Cyrillic%2C_Latin%2C_and_Arabic_scripts.png/200px-Bashkir_in_Cyrillic%2C_Latin%2C_and_Arabic_scripts.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bashkir_in_Cyrillic%2C_Latin%2C_and_Arabic_scripts.png/300px-Bashkir_in_Cyrillic%2C_Latin%2C_and_Arabic_scripts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bashkir_in_Cyrillic%2C_Latin%2C_and_Arabic_scripts.png/400px-Bashkir_in_Cyrillic%2C_Latin%2C_and_Arabic_scripts.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="732" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Bashkir in Cyrillic, Latin, and Perso-Arabic scripts</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ba-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[bɑʂˈqʊ̞rt<span class="wrap"> </span>tɪ̞ˈlɪ̞]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/61\/Ba-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.oga\/Ba-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ba-\u0431\u0430\u0448\u04a1\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Ba-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.oga/Ba-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ba-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.oga" title="File:Ba-башҡорт теле.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a>, Russia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Volga_region" title="Volga region">Volga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">750,000 (2020 estimate)<sup id="cite_ref-e26_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e26-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_languages" title="Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Kipchak–Bulgar<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Bashkir</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early form</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Volga_Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga Turki">Volga Turki</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bashkir_alphabet" title="Bashkir alphabet">Bashkir alphabet</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bashkortostan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a> (Russia)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rihll.com/en/">Institute of history, language and literature of the Ufa Federal research center the RAS</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: yellowgreen;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ba">ba</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=42">bak</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bak" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bak">bak</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bash1264">bash1264</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Linguasphere_Observatory" title="Linguasphere Observatory">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=44-AAB-bg">44-AAB-bg</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bashkir_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_(1897).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bashkir_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_%281897%29.svg/320px-Bashkir_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_%281897%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bashkir_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_%281897%29.svg/480px-Bashkir_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_%281897%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Bashkir_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_%281897%29.svg/640px-Bashkir_language_in_the_Russian_Empire_%281897%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4648" data-file-height="2744" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Geographic distribution of Bashkir language in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire_census" title="Russian Empire census">1897 census</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lang_Status_80-VU.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lang_Status_80-VU.svg/320px-Lang_Status_80-VU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lang_Status_80-VU.svg/480px-Lang_Status_80-VU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lang_Status_80-VU.svg/640px-Lang_Status_80-VU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="153" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Bashkir is classified as Vulnerable by the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlas_of_the_World%27s_Languages_in_Danger" title="Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger">Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Bashkir</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">bash-KEER</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">bahsh-KEER</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Bashkort</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Bashkir: <span lang="ba">Башҡорт теле</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Bashkir-language romanization"><i lang="ba-Latn">Başqort tele</i></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ba-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[bɑʂˈqʊ̞rt<span class="wrap"> </span>tɪ̞ˈlɪ̞]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/61\/Ba-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.oga\/Ba-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ba-\u0431\u0430\u0448\u04a1\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Ba-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.oga/Ba-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ba-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5.oga" title="File:Ba-башҡорт теле.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic language</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak</a> branch. It is <a href="/wiki/Official_language#Political_alternatives" title="Official language">co-official</a> with <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a>. It is spoken by around 750,000 native speakers in Russia, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> and other neighboring <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet states</a>, and among the <a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkir</a> diaspora. It has three <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialect</a> groups: Southern, Eastern and Northwestern.<sup id="cite_ref-e26_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e26-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Speakers">Speakers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Speakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5._%D0%9F%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_2010_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5._%D0%9F%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_2010_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.png/220px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5._%D0%9F%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_2010_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.png/330px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5._%D0%9F%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC_%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_2010_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.png/440px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="1869" data-file-height="1605" /></a><figcaption>Bashkirs in Russia by administrative districts (<a href="/wiki/Raions" class="mw-redirect" title="Raions">raions</a>) in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>Speakers of Bashkir mostly live in the republic of <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a> (a republic within the Russian Federation). Many speakers also live in <a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Oblast" title="Chelyabinsk Oblast">Chelyabinsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyumen_Oblast" title="Tyumen Oblast">Tyumen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsk_Oblast" title="Sverdlovsk Oblast">Sverdlovsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurgan_Oblast" title="Kurgan Oblast">Kurgan Oblasts</a> and other regions of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Minor Bashkir groups also live in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. </p><p>In a recent local media report in Bashkortostan, it was reported that some officials of the republic cannot assemble a document in Bashkir language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bashkir together with <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a> belongs to the Kipchak-Bulgar (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">кыпчакско-булгарская</span>) subgroup of the <a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak languages</a>. These languages have a similar vocabulary by 94.9%,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they not only have common origin, but also a common ancestor in the written language — <a href="/wiki/Volga_Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga Turki">Volga Turki</a>. However, Bashkir differs from Tatar in several important ways: </p> <ul><li>Bashkir has dental fricatives <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>/</span> in the place of Tatar (and other Turkic) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span>. Bashkir <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>/</span>, however, cannot begin a word (there are exceptions: ҙур – "zur" <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ba-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ðuɾ]</a></span> 'big', and the particle/conjunction ҙа – "za" <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ba-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ða]</a></span> or ҙә – "zə" <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ba-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ðæ]</a></span>. The only other Turkic language with a similar feature is <a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a>. However, in Bashkir, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>/</span> are two independent phonemes, distinct from <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span>, whereas in Turkmen [θ] and [ð] are the two main <a href="/wiki/Phone_(phonetics)" title="Phone (phonetics)">realizations</a> of the common Turkic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span>. In other words, there are no <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span> phonemes in Turkmen, unlike Bashkir which has both <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>/</span>.</li> <li>The word-initial and morpheme-initial <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span> is turned into <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>/</span>. An example of both features can be Tatar сүз <i>(süz)</i> and Bashkir һүҙ <i>(hüz)</i>, both meaning "word".</li> <li>Common Turkic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>/</span> (Tatar <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a>/</span>) is turned into Bashkir <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span>, e.g., Turkish <i>ağaç</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[aˈatʃ]</a></span>, Tatar агач <i>ağaç</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">[ɑˈʁɑɕ]</a></span> and Bashkir ағас – <i>ağas</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ba-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ɑˈʁɑs]</a></span>, all meaning "tree".</li> <li>The word-initial <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a>/</span> in Tatar always corresponds to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> in Standard Bashkir, e.g., Tatar җылы <i>cılı</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">[ʑɤˈlɤ]</a></span> and Bashkir йылы – <i>yılı</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">[jɯˈɫɯ]</a></span>, both meaning "warm". However, the eastern and northern dialects of Bashkir have the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> > /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span>/ shift.</li></ul> <p>The Bashkir orthography is more explicit. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a>/</span> are written with their own letters <b>Ҡ ҡ</b> and <b>Ғ ғ</b>, whereas in Tatar they are treated as positional allophones of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span>, written <b>К к</b> and <b>Г г</b>. </p><p>Labial <a href="/wiki/Vowel_harmony" title="Vowel harmony">vowel harmony</a> in Bashkir is written explicitly, e.g. Tatar тормышым <i>tormışım</i> and Bashkir тормошом – <i>tormoşom</i>, both pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʊɾ.mʊˈʂʊm]</span>, meaning "my life".<sup id="cite_ref-Ufa_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ufa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sample text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Cyrillic script</th> <th>Latin script</th> <th>Arabic script</th> <th>IPA transcription </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="poem"> <p>Барлыҡ кешеләр ирекле, дәрәжәләре һәм хоҡуҡтары тигеҙ булып тыуалар. Улар аҡыл һәм выждан эйәһе һәм бер-береһенә ҡарата ҡәрҙәшлек рухында хәрәкәт итергә тейештәр. </p> </div> </td> <td><div class="poem"> <p>Barlıq keşelär irekle, däräjäläre häm xoquqtarı tigeź bulıp tıwalar. Ular aqıl häm vıjdan eyähe häm ber-berehenä qarata qärźäşlek ruxında xäräkät itergä teyeştär. </p> </div> </td> <td><div dir="rtl" class="poem"> <p>بارلق كشیلر ایركلی، درجه‌لری هم حقوقتری تیگذ بولوب طوه‌لر. اولر عقل هم وجدان ایه‌هی هم بربریهینه قاراته قارذشلك روحینده حركت ایتورگه تیوشتر. </p> </div> </td> <td><div class="poem"> <p>[bɑrˈɫɯ̞q kɪ̞ʃɪ̞ˈlær irɪ̞kˈlɪ̞ dæræʒælæˈrɪ̞ hæm χʊ̞quqtɑˈrɯ̞ tʲiˈɡɪ̞ð buˈɫɯ̞p tɯ̞wɑˈɫɑr ‖ uˈɫɑr ɑˈqɯ̞ɫ hæm ˌbɪ̞r‿bɪ̞rɪ̞hɪ̞ˈnæ qɑrɑˈtɑ qærðæʃˈlɪ̞k ruχɯ̞nˈdɑ χæræˈkæt itɪ̞rˈgæ tɪ̞jɪ̞ʃˈtær ‖] </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bashkir_alphabet" title="Bashkir alphabet">Bashkir alphabet</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inscription_in_Ufa_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Inscription_in_Ufa_Airport.jpg/220px-Inscription_in_Ufa_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Inscription_in_Ufa_Airport.jpg/330px-Inscription_in_Ufa_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Inscription_in_Ufa_Airport.jpg/440px-Inscription_in_Ufa_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>Trilingual sign in <a href="/wiki/Ufa_International_Airport" title="Ufa International Airport">Ufa Airport</a> in Bashkir, Russian and English</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KB_Bashkir.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/KB_Bashkir.svg/220px-KB_Bashkir.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/KB_Bashkir.svg/330px-KB_Bashkir.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/KB_Bashkir.svg/440px-KB_Bashkir.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Bashkir keyboard layout</figcaption></figure> <p>After the adoption of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Bashkirs#Religion" title="Bashkirs">began in the 10th century</a> and lasted for several centuries, the Bashkirs began to use <a href="/wiki/Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Turki">Turki</a> as a written language. Turki was written in a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a>. </p><p>In 1923, a writing system based on the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic script</a> was specifically created for the Bashkir language. At the same time, the Bashkir literary language was created, moving away from the older written Turkic influences. At first, it used a modified Arabic <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabet</a>. In 1930 it was replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Unified_Turkic_Latin_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Turkic Latin Alphabet">Unified Turkic Latin Alphabet</a>, which was in turn replaced with an adapted <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> alphabet in 1939. </p><p>The modern alphabet used by Bashkir is based on the <a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">Russian alphabet</a>, with the addition of the following letters: <a href="/wiki/%D3%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ә">Ә ә</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a>/</span>, <a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">Ө ө</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a>/</span>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">Ү ү</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʏ</a>/</span>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғ">Ғ ғ</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a>/</span>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҡ">Ҡ ҡ</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">Ң ң</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>/</span>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҙ">Ҙ ҙ</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>/</span>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҫ">Ҫ ҫ</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>/</span>, <a href="/wiki/%D2%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Һ">Һ һ</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ufa_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ufa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table style="text-align:center; font-size:1.4em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">А а </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Б б </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">В в </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Г г </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ғ ғ </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Д д </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ҙ ҙ </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Е е </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ё ё </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ж ж </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">З з </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">И и </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Й й </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">К к </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ҡ ҡ </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Л л </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">М м </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Н н </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ң ң </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">О о </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ө ө </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">П п </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Р р </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">С с </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ҫ ҫ </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Т т </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">У у </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ү ү </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ф ф </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Х х </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Һ һ </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ц ц </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ч ч </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ш ш </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Щ щ </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ъ ъ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ы ы </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ь ь </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Э э </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ә ә </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Ю ю </td> <td style="width:3em; padding: 3px;">Я я </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" summary="Bashkir Cyrillic letters, their names, and pronunciation in IPA and X-SAMPA"> <caption>Letters of the Bashkir Cyrillic alphabet </caption> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th>Cyrillic version </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">Pronunciation</a> </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="А">А</a>а</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a]</span></td> <td>"A" is usually pronounced as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑ]</span> in all syllables except last, in last syllable it is pronounced as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[a]</span>. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Б">Б</a>б</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[b]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[β]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[β]</span> is the <a href="/wiki/Intervocalic_consonant" title="Intervocalic consonant">intervocal</a> allophone. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%92" class="mw-redirect" title="В">В</a>в</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[v]</span> in Russian loanwords, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span> in Arabic and Persian loanwords. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Гг </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡ]</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%92" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғ">Ғ</a>ғ</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʁ]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="Д">Д</a>д</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[d]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҙ">Ҙ</a>ҙ</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ð]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Е">Е</a>е</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jɪ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɪ]</span></td> <td>The letter is <a href="/wiki/Iotation" title="Iotation">iotated</a> at the beginning of a word, after a vowel or after a <a href="/wiki/Soft_sign" title="Soft sign">soft</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hard_sign" title="Hard sign">hard sign</a>. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ё">Ё</a>ё</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jɔ]</span></td> <td>Only used in Russian loanwords. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%96" class="mw-redirect" title="Ж">Ж</a>ж</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐ]</span></td> <td>Only occurs in loanwords and onomatopoeia. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%97" class="mw-redirect" title="З">З</a>з</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[z]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%98" class="mw-redirect" title="И">И</a>и</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i],<span class="wrap"> </span>[ij]</span></td> <td>Occurs only in the first syllable. In most other contexts, especially in open syllables, it is an underlying /ij/, for example in words like ти [tij]/[tɪj]. Hence why the suffixes use the /ð/ consonant following this vowel, unlike /l/ after other vowels: тиҙәр (tiźär) /tijˈðær/, but not тиләр (tilär). </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Й">Й</a>й</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="К">К</a>к</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҡ">Ҡ</a>ҡ</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Л">Л</a>л</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ]</span></td> <td>In front vowel contexts occurs as apical <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">l</a>]</span>, in back vowel contexts occurs as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">ɫ</a>]</span>. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="М">М</a>м</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[m]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Н">Н</a>н</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ң">Ң</a>ң</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɴ]</span></td> <td>In front vowel contexts occurs as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>]</span>, in back vowel contexts occurs as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a>]</span>. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="О">О</a>о</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʊ]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ө">Ө</a>ө</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ø]</span>, [y]</td> <td>Shifts to [y] in vicinity of [j]: өйҙә (öyźä) [yjˈðä] </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="П">П</a>п</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Р">Р</a>р</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɾ]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɾ]</span> is the <a href="/wiki/Intervocalic_consonant" title="Intervocalic consonant">intervocal</a> allophone. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="С">С</a>с</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ҫ">Ҫ</a>ҫ</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[θ]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="Т">Т</a>т</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="У">У</a>у</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span></td> <td rowspan="2">These two letters are used for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/w/</span> phoneme when they are written after a back or front vowel respectively. As the vowel phoneme, they can only occur in the first syllable. Therefore if these letters are not in the first syllable, they occur after a vowel and are pronounced as /w/. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ү">Ү</a>ү</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʏ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Ф">Ф</a>ф</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɸ]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Х">Х</a>х</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[χ]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D2%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Һ">Һ</a>һ</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ц">Ц</a>ц</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ts]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="Ч">Ч</a>ч</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɕ]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ш">Ш</a>ш</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʂ]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Щ">Щ</a>щ</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɕː]</span></td> <td>Only occurs in loanwords. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ъ">Ъ</a>ъ</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʔ]</span></td> <td>Only occurs in back vowel contexts (except loanwords). Indicates a <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a> if placed after a vowel, acts as a syllable separator if placed after a consonant. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ы">Ы</a>ы</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɯ]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ь">Ь</a>ь</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʔ]</span></td> <td>Only occurs in front vowel contexts (except loanwords). Indicates a <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a> if placed after a vowel, acts as a syllable separator if placed after a consonant. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Э">Э</a>э</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɪ]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D3%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Ә">Ә</a>ә</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[æ]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Ю">Ю</a>ю</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ju]</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Я">Я</a>я</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jɑ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ja]</span></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bashkir has nine native vowels, and three or four loaned vowels (mainly in Russian loanwords).<sup id="cite_ref-Berta_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phonetically, the native vowels are approximately thus (with the Cyrillic letter followed by the usual Latin romanization in angle brackets):<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>Unrounded </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">Rounded</a> </th> <th>Unrounded </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">Rounded</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><b>и</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>i</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a>]</span> </td> <td><b>ү</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>ü</b>⟩<br />[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉ</a></span>] </td> <td><b>ы</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>ı</b>⟩<br />[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span>] </td> <td><b>у</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>u</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><b>э,<span class="nowrap"> </span>е</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>e</b>⟩<br />[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel">ɘ</a></span>] </td> <td><b>ө</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>ö</b>⟩<br />[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø̝</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a></span>] </td> <td> </td> <td><b>о</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>o</b>⟩<br />[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></span>] </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td><b>ә</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>ä</b>⟩<br />[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span>] </td> <td> </td> <td><b>а</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>a</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a>]</span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In Russian loans there are also <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">ä</a>]</span>, written the same as the native vowels: <b>ы, е/э, о, а</b> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Berta_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical_shifts">Historical shifts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Historical shifts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, the Proto-Turkic mid vowels have <a href="/wiki/Raising_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising (phonetics)">raised</a> from mid to high, whereas the Proto-Turkic high vowels have become the Bashkir reduced mid series. (The same shifts have also happened in <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ufa_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ufa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in most dialects of Bashkir, this shift is not as prominent as in Tatar. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vowel </th> <th>Common Turkic </th> <th>Tatar </th> <th>Bashkir </th> <th>Gloss </th></tr> <tr> <td>*e <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɛ/</span> </td> <td>*et </td> <td>it </td> <td>it <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/it/</span> </td> <td>'meat' </td></tr> <tr> <td>*ö <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/œ/</span> </td> <td>*söz </td> <td>süz </td> <td>hüź <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/hʏð/</span> </td> <td>'word' </td></tr> <tr> <td>*o <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɔ/</span> </td> <td>*sol </td> <td>sul </td> <td>hul <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/huɫ/</span> </td> <td>'left' </td></tr> <tr> <td>*i <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span> </td> <td>*it </td> <td>et </td> <td>et <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɪt/</span> </td> <td>'dog' </td></tr> <tr> <td>*ï <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɤ/</span> </td> <td>*qïz </td> <td>qız </td> <td>qıź <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/qɯð/</span> </td> <td>'girl' </td></tr> <tr> <td>*u <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span> </td> <td>*qum </td> <td>qom </td> <td>qom <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/qʊm/</span> </td> <td>'sand' </td></tr> <tr> <td>*ü <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/y/</span> </td> <td>*kül </td> <td>köl </td> <td>köl <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/køl/</span> </td> <td>'ash' </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>The consonants of Bashkir</b><sup id="cite_ref-Berta_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">Labio-<br />dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Postalveolar">Post-<br />alveolar</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Palatal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasals</a> </th> <td><b>м</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>m</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>н</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>n</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental nasal">n</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>ң</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>ñ</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>/</span> </td> <td><b>ң</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>ñ</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a>]</span><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_allophone"><a href="#endnote_allophone">²</a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Plosive_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plosive consonant">Plosives</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">Voiceless</a></small> </th> <td><b>п</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>p</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>т</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>t</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t</a>/</span> </td> <td><b>к</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>k</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a>]</span><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_allophone"><a href="#endnote_allophone">²</a></sup> </td> <td><b>к</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>k</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>/</span> </td> <td><b>ҡ</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>q</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a>/</span> </td> <td><b>ь</b>/<b>ъ</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>’</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>/</span><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_loan"><a href="#endnote_loan">¹</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">Voiced</a></small> </th> <td><b>б</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>b</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2"><b>д</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>d</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a>/</span> </td> <td><b>г</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>g</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>]</span><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_allophone"><a href="#endnote_allophone">²</a></sup> </td> <td><b>г</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>g</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricatives</a> </th> <th><small>Voiceless</small> </th> <td> </td> <td><b>ф</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>f</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_loan"><a href="#endnote_loan">¹</a></sup> </td> <td><b>ç</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>ś</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>/</span> </td> <td><b>с</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>s</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental sibilant fricative">s</a>/</span> </td> <td><b>ш</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>ş</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>х</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>x</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a>/</span> </td> <td><b>һ</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>h</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>/</span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><small>Voiced</small> </th> <td><b>б</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>b</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a>]</span><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_allophone"><a href="#endnote_allophone">²</a></sup> </td> <td><b>в</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>v</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_loan"><a href="#endnote_loan">¹</a></sup> </td> <td><b>ҙ</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>ź</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>/</span> </td> <td><b>з</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>z</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span> </td> <td><b>ж</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>j</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>ғ</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>ğ</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>р</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>r</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximants</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b>л</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>l</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>/</span> </td> <td><b>й</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>y</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> </td> <td><b>у</b>/<b>ү</b>/<b>в</b><span class="nowrap"> </span>⟨<b>w</b>⟩<br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">ɥ</a></span>/</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_loan"><b><a href="#ref_loan">^¹</a></b></span> The phonemes <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>/</span> are found only in loanwords, and, in the case of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>/</span>, in a few native onomatopoeic words.</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_allophone"><b><a href="#ref_allophone">^²</a></b></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a>]</span> is an <a href="/wiki/Intervocalic_consonant" title="Intervocalic consonant">intervocal</a> allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>]</span>, and it is distinct from <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>]</span>. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a>]</span> is an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>]</span> in back vowel contexts. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>]</span> occur as allophones of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a>]</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>]</span>, and both occur only in front vowel contexts.</dd></dl> <ul><li><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/θ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ð/</span> are dental <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>,<span class="wrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>]</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɾ/</span> is apical alveolar <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a>]</span>. The exact place of articulation of the other dental/alveolar consonants is unclear.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A member of the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic language family</a>, Bashkir is an <a href="/wiki/Agglutinative_language" title="Agglutinative language">agglutinative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–object–verb">SOV</a> language.<sup id="cite_ref-Berta_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large part of the Bashkir vocabulary has Turkic roots; and there are many loan words in Bashkir from <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> sources.<sup id="cite_ref-Ufa_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ufa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Russian </th> <th colspan="3">Arabic </th> <th colspan="3">Persian </th></tr> <tr> <th>in Bashkir </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>Translation </th> <th>in Bashkir </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>Translation </th> <th>in Bashkir </th> <th>Etymology </th> <th>Translation </th></tr> <tr> <td>минут (minut) </td> <td>from "минута" (<i>minuta</i>) </td> <td>minute </td> <td>ваҡыт (vaqıt) </td> <td>from "<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">وَقْت</span></span>" (<i>waqt</i>) </td> <td>time </td> <td>дуç (duś) </td> <td>from "<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">دوست</span></span>" (<i>dost</i>) </td> <td>friend </td></tr> <tr> <td>өçтәл (öśtəl) </td> <td>from "стол" (<i>stol</i>) </td> <td>table, desk </td> <td>вәғәҙә (vəğəźə) </td> <td>from "<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">وَعْدَ</span></span>" (<i>waʿda</i>) </td> <td>promise </td> <td>һәр (hər) </td> <td>from "<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">هر</span></span>" (<i>har</i>) </td> <td>every </td></tr> <tr> <td>сыр (sır) </td> <td>from "сыр" (<i>syr</i>) </td> <td>cheese </td> <td>йәннәт (yənnət) </td> <td>from "<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جَنَّة</span></span>" (<i>janna</i>) </td> <td>paradise </td> <td>көмбәҙ (kömbəź) </td> <td>from "<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">گنبد</span></span>" (<i>gonbad</i>) </td> <td>cupola </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plurality">Plurality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Plurality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The form of the plural suffix is heavily dependent on the letter which comes immediately before it. When it's a consonant, there is a four-way distinction between "л" (l), "т" (t), "ҙ" (ź) and "д" (d); The vowel's distinction is two-way between "а" (after back vowels "а" (a), "ы" (ı), "о" (o), "у" (u)) and "ә" (after front vowels "ә" (ə), "е" (e), "и" (i), "ө" (ö), "ү" (ü)). Some nouns are also less likely to be used with their plural forms such as "һыу" (hıw, "water") or "ҡом" (qom, "sand").<sup id="cite_ref-Ufa_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ufa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>suffix consonant </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>-лар, -ләр</b> </td> <td>after all vowels except for и (iy) </td> <td><b>баҡса</b> (baqsa), "garden" <p>Pl.: баҡса<b>лар</b> (baqsalar) </p> </td> <td><b>сәскә</b> (səskə), "flower" <p>Pl.: сәскә<b>ләр</b> (səskələr) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>-тар, -тәр</b> </td> <td>mostly after hard consonants – б (b), д (d), г (g), ф (f), х (x), һ (h), к (k), ҡ (q), п (p), с (s), ш (ş), ç (ś), т (t) </td> <td><b>дуç</b> (duś), "friend" <p>Pl.: дуç<b>тар</b> (duśtar) </p> </td> <td><b>төç</b> (töś), "colour" <p>Pl.: төç<b>тәр</b> (töśtәr) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>-ҙар, -ҙәр</b> </td> <td>after approximants and some others – ҙ (ź), и (iy), р (r), у/ү (w), й (y) </td> <td><b>тау</b> (taw), "mountain" <p>Pl.: тау<b>ҙар</b> (tawźar ) </p> </td> <td><b>өй</b> (öy), "house" <p>Pl.: өй<b>ҙәр</b> (öyźәr ) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>-дар, -дәр</b> </td> <td>after nasals and some others – ж (j), л (l), м (m), н (n), ң (ñ), з (z) </td> <td><b>һан</b> (han), "number" <p>Pl.: һан<b>дар</b> (handar) </p> </td> <td><b>көн</b> (kön), "day" <p>Pl.: көн<b>дәр</b> (köndər) </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Declension_table">Declension table</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Declension table"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;width:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th><sup id="cite_ref-Ufa_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ufa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>suffix </th> <th>consonant alteration (see the "plurality" table) </th> <th>after the plural suffix </th> <th>examples </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nominative </th> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Genitive </th> <td>-нең</td> <td rowspan="4">"н" (n), "д" (d), "т" (t) and "ҙ" (ź)</td> <td>-ҙең</td> <td>тел<b>дең</b> (teldeñ), "the language's" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ның </td> <td>-ҙың </td> <td>баш<b>тың</b> (baştıñ), "the head's" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ноң </td> <td>-ҙың </td> <td>тоҙ<b>ҙоң</b> (toźźoñ), "the salt's" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-нөң </td> <td>-ҙең </td> <td>төш<b>төң</b> (töştöñ), "the dream's" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Dative </th> <td>-гә</td> <td rowspan="4"></td> <td rowspan="2">-гә</td> <td>тел<b>гә</b> (telgə), "(to) the language" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-кә </td> <td>төш<b>кә</b> (töşkə), "(to) the dream" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ға </td> <td rowspan="2">-ға </td> <td>тоҙ<b>ға</b> (toźğa), "(to) the salt" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ҡа </td> <td>баш<b>ҡа</b> (başqa), "(to) the head" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Accusative </th> <td>-не</td> <td rowspan="4">"н" (n), "д" (d), "т" (t) and "ҙ" (ź)</td> <td>-ҙе</td> <td>тел<b>де</b> (telde), "the language" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ны </td> <td>-ҙы </td> <td>баш<b>ты</b> (baştı), "the head" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-но </td> <td>-ҙы </td> <td>тоҙ<b>ҙо</b> (toźźo), "the salt" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-нө </td> <td>-ҙе </td> <td>төш<b>тө</b> (töştö), "the dream" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Locative </th> <td>-лә</td> <td rowspan="2">"л" (l), "д" (d), "т" (t) and "ҙ" (ź)</td> <td>-ҙә</td> <td>тел<b>дә</b> (teldə), "in the language" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ла </td> <td>-ҙа </td> <td>баш<b>та</b> (başta), "in the head" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Ablative </th> <td>-нән</td> <td rowspan="2">"н" (n), "д" (d), "т" (t) and "ҙ" (ź)</td> <td>-ҙән</td> <td>тел<b>дән</b> (teldən), "from the language" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-нан </td> <td>-ҙан </td> <td>баш<b>тан</b> (baştan), "from the head" </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;width:90%;"> <caption>Declension of pronouns<sup id="cite_ref-Ufa_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ufa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="2">Interrogative pronouns</th> <th colspan="7">Personal pronouns </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Case</th> <th rowspan="2">who</th> <th rowspan="2">what</th> <th colspan="3">Singular</th> <th colspan="3">Plural </th></tr> <tr> <th>I</th> <th>you (thou)</th> <th>he, she, it</th> <th>we</th> <th>you</th> <th>they </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nominative </th> <td>кем<br /><small><i>kem</i></small></td> <td>нимә<br /><small><i>nimə</i></small></td> <td>мин<br /><small><i>min</i></small></td> <td>һин<br /><small><i>hin</i></small></td> <td>ул<br /><i>ul</i></td> <td>беҙ<br /><small><i>beź</i></small></td> <td>һеҙ<br /><small><i>heź</i></small></td> <td>улар<br /><small><i>ular</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Genitive </th> <td>кемдең<br /><small><i>kemdeñ</i></small></td> <td>нимәнең<br /><small><i>niməneñ</i></small></td> <td>минең<br /><small><i>mineñ</i></small></td> <td>һинең<br /><small><i>hineñ</i></small></td> <td>уның<br /><small><i>unıñ</i></small></td> <td>беҙҙең<br /><small><i>beźźeñ</i></small></td> <td>һеҙҙең<br /><small><i>heźźeñ</i></small></td> <td>уларҙың<br /><small><i>ularźıñ</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dative </th> <td>кемгә<br /><small><i>kemgə</i></small></td> <td>нимәгә<br /><small><i>niməgə</i></small></td> <td>миңә<br /><small><i>miñə</i></small></td> <td>һиңә<br /><small><i>hiñə</i></small></td> <td>уға<br /><small><i>uğa</i></small></td> <td>беҙгә<br /><small><i>beźgə</i></small></td> <td>һеҙгә<br /><small><i>heźgə</i></small></td> <td>уларға <br /><small><i>ularğa</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Accusative </th> <td>кемде<br /><small><i>kemde</i></small></td> <td>нимәне<br /><small><i>niməne</i></small></td> <td>мине<br /><small><i>mine</i></small></td> <td>һине<br /><small><i>hine</i></small></td> <td>уны<br /><small><i>unı</i></small></td> <td>беҙҙе<br /><small><i>beźźe</i></small></td> <td>һеҙҙе<br /><small><i>heźźe</i></small></td> <td>уларҙы<br /><small><i>ularźı</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Locative </th> <td>кемдә<br /><small><i>kemdə</i></small></td> <td>нимәлә<br /><small><i>nimələ</i></small></td> <td>миндә<br /><small><i>mində</i></small></td> <td>һиндә<br /><small><i>hində</i></small></td> <td>унда<br /><small><i>unda</i></small></td> <td>беҙҙә<br /><small><i>beźźə</i></small></td> <td>һеҙҙә<br /><small><i>heźźə</i></small></td> <td>уларҙа<br /><small><i>ularźa</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ablative </th> <td>кемдән<br /><small><i>kemdən</i></small></td> <td>нимәнән<br /><small><i>nimənən</i></small></td> <td>минән<br /><small><i>minən</i></small></td> <td>һинән<br /><small><i>hinən</i></small></td> <td>унан<br /><small><i>unan</i></small></td> <td>беҙҙән<br /><small><i>beźźən</i></small></td> <td>һеҙҙән<br /><small><i>heźźən</i></small></td> <td>уларҙан<br /><small><i>ularźan</i></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;width:90%;"> <caption>Demonstrative pronouns<sup id="cite_ref-Ufa_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ufa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Case</th> <th colspan="4">Singular</th> <th colspan="4">Plural </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">this</th> <th colspan="2">that</th> <th colspan="2">these</th> <th colspan="2">those </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nominative </th> <td>был<br /><small><i>bıl</i></small></td> <td>ошо<br /><i>oşo</i></td> <td>шул<br /><small><i>şul</i></small></td> <td>теге<br /><small><i>tege</i></small></td> <td>былар<br /><small><i>bılar</i></small></td> <td>ошолар<br /><small><i>oşolar</i></small></td> <td>шулар<br /><small><i>şular</i></small></td> <td>тегеләр<br /><small><i>tegelər</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Genitive </th> <td>бының<br /><small><i>bınıñ</i></small></td> <td>ошоноң<br /><i>oşonoñ</i></td> <td>шуның<br /><small><i>şunıñ</i></small></td> <td>тегенең<br /><small><i>tegeneñ</i></small></td> <td>быларҙың<br /><small><i>bılarźıñ</i></small></td> <td>ошоларҙың<br /><small><i>oşolarźıñ</i></small></td> <td>шуларҙың<br /><small><i>şularźıñ</i></small></td> <td>тегеләрҙең<br /><small><i>tegelərźeñ</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dative </th> <td>быға<br /><small><i>bığa</i></small></td> <td>ошоға<br /><i>oşoğa</i></td> <td>шуға<br /><small><i>şuğa</i></small></td> <td>тегегә<br /><small><i>tegegə</i></small></td> <td>быларға<br /><small><i>bılarğa</i></small></td> <td>ошоларға<br /><small><i>oşolarğa</i></small></td> <td>шуларға<br /><small><i>şularğa</i></small></td> <td>тегеләргә<br /><small><i>tegelərgə</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Accusative </th> <td>быны<br /><small><i>bını</i></small></td> <td>ошоно<br /><i>oşono</i></td> <td>шуны<br /><small><i>şunı</i></small></td> <td>тегене<br /><small><i>tegene</i></small></td> <td>быларҙы<br /><small><i>bılarźı</i></small></td> <td>ошоларҙы<br /><small><i>oşolarźı</i></small></td> <td>шуларҙы<br /><small><i>şularźı</i></small></td> <td>тегеләрҙе<br /><small><i>tegelərźe</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Locative </th> <td>бында<br /><small><i>bında</i></small></td> <td>ошонда<br /><small><i>oşonda</i></small></td> <td>шунда<br /><small><i>şunda</i></small></td> <td>тегендә<br /><small><i>tegendə</i></small></td> <td>быларҙа<br /><small><i>bılarźa</i></small></td> <td>ошоларҙа<br /><small><i>oşolarźa</i></small></td> <td>шуларҙа<br /><small><i>şularźa</i></small></td> <td>тегеләрҙә<br /><small><i>tegelərźə</i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ablative </th> <td>бынан<br /><small><i>bınan</i></small></td> <td>ошонан<br /><small><i>oşonan</i></small></td> <td>шунан<br /><small><i>şunan</i></small></td> <td>тегенән<br /><small><i>tegenən</i></small></td> <td>быларҙан<br /><small><i>bılarźan</i></small></td> <td>ошоларҙан<br /><small><i>oşolarźan</i></small></td> <td>шуларҙан<br /><small><i>şularźan</i></small></td> <td>тегеләрҙән<br /><small><i>tegelərźən</i></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e26-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e26_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e26_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bak">Bashkir</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (26th ed., 2023) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLongman2008" class="citation book cs1">Longman, J.C. (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3 ed.). Pearson Education ESL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405881173" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405881173"><bdi>978-1405881173</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+ESL&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1405881173&rft.aulast=Longman&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABashkir+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/Bashkir">"Bashkir"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com Unabridged</a></i> (Online). n.d.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bashkir&rft.btitle=Dictionary.com+Unabridged&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2FBashkir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABashkir+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoseley2010" class="citation web cs1">Moseley, Christopher (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/in/documentViewer.xhtml?v=2.1.196&id=p::usmarcdef_0000187026&file=/in/rest/annotationSVC/DownloadWatermarkedAttachment/attach_import_70c069f5-be69-478d-80ca-47a6ce68c154%3F_%3D187026eng.pdf&updateUrl=updateUrl8785&ark=/ark:/48223/pf0000187026/PDF/187026eng.pdf.multi&fullScreen=true&locale=en#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A230%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2Cnull%2Cnull%2C0%5D">"Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger"</a>. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+the+World%27s+Languages+in+Danger&rft.pages=42&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Moseley&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fin%2FdocumentViewer.xhtml%3Fv%3D2.1.196%26id%3Dp%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0000187026%26file%3D%2Fin%2Frest%2FannotationSVC%2FDownloadWatermarkedAttachment%2Fattach_import_70c069f5-be69-478d-80ca-47a6ce68c154%253F_%253D187026eng.pdf%26updateUrl%3DupdateUrl8785%26ark%3D%2Fark%3A%2F48223%2Fpf0000187026%2FPDF%2F187026eng.pdf.multi%26fullScreen%3Dtrue%26locale%3Den%23%255B%257B%2522num%2522%253A230%252C%2522gen%2522%253A0%257D%252C%257B%2522name%2522%253A%2522XYZ%2522%257D%252Cnull%252Cnull%252C0%255D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABashkir+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://milliard.tatar/news/bratya-navek-tatarskii-i-baskirskii-yazyki-sovpadayut-na-95-procentov-104">Миллиард Татар – Братья навек: татарский и башкирский языки совпадают на 95 процентов</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ufa-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ufa_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ufa_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ufa_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ufa_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ufa_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ufa_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ufa_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ufa_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia902703.us.archive.org/17/items/bashlang/bashlang.pdf">B.Tuysin, K. Shafikov, I. Khanov – Bashkirskiy jazyk – Ufa: Bashkirsiy Gosudarstvennyy Universitet RB, 2022 – 1 glava – 7 S</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berta-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berta_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berta_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berta_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berta_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerta1998" class="citation book cs1">Berta, Árpád (1998). "Tatar and Bashkir". In Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á. (eds.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turkiclanguagesr00csat"><i>The Turkic languages</i></a></span>. Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turkiclanguagesr00csat/page/n154">283</a>–300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415082006" title="Special:BookSources/9780415082006"><bdi>9780415082006</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tatar+and+Bashkir&rft.btitle=The+Turkic+languages&rft.pages=283-300&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780415082006&rft.aulast=Berta&rft.aufirst=%C3%81rp%C3%A1d&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturkiclanguagesr00csat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABashkir+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoppe1964" class="citation book cs1">Poppe, Nicholas N. (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bashkirmanualdes0000popp/"><i>Bashkir Manual</i></a>. Research and Studies in Uralic and Altaic Languages. Vol. 36. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/63-64521">63-64521</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1147723720">1147723720</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bashkir+Manual&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.series=Research+and+Studies+in+Uralic+and+Altaic+Languages&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1147723720&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F63-64521&rft.aulast=Poppe&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbashkirmanualdes0000popp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABashkir+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohanson1998" class="citation book cs1">Johanson, Lars (1998). "The History of Turkic". In Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á. (eds.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turkiclanguagesr00csat"><i>The Turkic languages</i></a></span>. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turkiclanguagesr00csat/page/n59">92</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415082006" title="Special:BookSources/9780415082006"><bdi>9780415082006</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Turkic&rft.btitle=The+Turkic+languages&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780415082006&rft.aulast=Johanson&rft.aufirst=Lars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturkiclanguagesr00csat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABashkir+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transparent.com/learn-bashkir/overview.html">"Overview of the Bashkir Language"</a>. <i>Learn the Bashkir Language & Culture</i>. Transparent Language<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Learn+the+Bashkir+Language+%26+Culture&rft.atitle=Overview+of+the+Bashkir+Language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transparent.com%2Flearn-bashkir%2Foverview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABashkir+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoppe1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Poppe" title="Nicholas Poppe">Poppe, Nicholas</a> (1997) [1964]. <i>Bashkir Manual</i>. Routledge. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-0836-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-0836-9"><bdi>978-0-7007-0836-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bashkir+Manual&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-0836-9&rft.aulast=Poppe&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABashkir+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Грамматика современного башкирского литературного языка</i> (in Russian). Москва: Наука. 1981.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=1981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABashkir+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFДмитриев1948" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Dmitriev" title="Nikolai Dmitriev">Дмитриев, Н. К.</a> (1948). <i>Грамматика башкирского языка</i> (in Russian). Из-во АН СССР.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%B7-%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%90%D0%9D+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%9D.+%D0%9A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABashkir+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ba:"> Bashkir edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">For a list of words relating to Bashkir language, see the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Bashkir_language" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:Bashkir language"><i><b>Bashkir language</b></i> category of words</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bashkir_phrasebook#Q13389" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Bashkir phrasebook">Bashkir phrasebook</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bashcorpus.ru/">National Corpus of the Bashkir language</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220303071103/https://bashcorpus.ru/">Archived</a> 3 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mfbl2.ru:8080/mfbl/bashxyz">Machine fund of the Bashkir language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linghub.ru/oral_bashkir_corpus/">Spoken corpus of Bashkir (Rakhmetovo and Baimovo)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810194241/https://linghub.ru/oral_bashkir_corpus/">Archived</a> 2020-08-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730084759/http://tel.bashqort.com/short-grammar">Short grammar of Bashkir</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Turkic_language" title="Proto-Turkic language"><i>Proto-Turkic</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_Turkic_languages" title="Common Turkic languages">Common Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Argu_languages" title="Argu languages">Argu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argu_languages" title="Argu languages"><i>Argu</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_language" title="Khalaj language">Khalaj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karluk_languages" title="Karluk languages">Karluk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Northern Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Uzbek_language" title="Southern Uzbek language">Southern Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turki_language" title="Ili Turki language">Ili Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_language" title="Uyghur language">Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khoton_language" title="Khoton language">Khoton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lop_dialect" title="Lop dialect">Lop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_language" title="Äynu language">Äynu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Old</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language" title="Chagatai language"><i>Chagatai</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakhanid_language" title="Karakhanid language"><i>Karakhanid</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorezmian_Turkic" title="Khorezmian Turkic"><i>Khorezmian</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kipchak_languages" title="Kipchak languages">Kipchak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bulgar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatar_dialect" title="Mishar Tatar dialect">Mishar Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaibak_dialect" title="Nagaibak dialect">Nagaibak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Tatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Tatar"><i>Old Tatar</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Kipchak_language" title="Armeno-Kipchak language"><i>Armeno-Kipchak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuman_language" title="Cuman language"><i>Cuman</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk-Kipchak_language" title="Mamluk-Kipchak language"><i>Mamluk-Kipchak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urum_language" title="Urum language">Urum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kyrgyz</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fergana_Kipchak_language" title="Fergana Kipchak language"><i>Fergana Kipchak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatar_language" title="Siberian Tatar language">Siberian Tatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baraba_dialect" title="Baraba dialect">Baraba</a></li> <li>Tom</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Altai_language" title="Southern Altai language">Southern Altai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telengit_language" title="Telengit language">Telengit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleut_language" title="Teleut language">Teleut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nogai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Tatar_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Dobrujan Tatar dialect">Dobrujan Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpak_language" title="Karakalpak language">Karakalpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_language" title="Nogai language">Nogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatar_language" title="Siberian Tatar language">Siberian Tatar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobol-Irtysh_dialect" title="Tobol-Irtysh dialect">Tobol-Irtysh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_languages" title="Oghuz languages">Oghuz</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salar_language" title="Salar language">Salar</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turkic" title="Khorasani Turkic">Khorasani Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trukhmen_dialect" title="Trukhmen dialect">Trukhmen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_dialect" title="Afshar dialect">Afshari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharmahali_Turkic" title="Chaharmahali Turkic">Chaharmahali Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonqori_dialect" title="Sonqori dialect">Sonqori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language#North_Azerbaijani" title="Azerbaijani language">North Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language#South_Azerbaijani" title="Azerbaijani language">South Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajem-Turkic" title="Ajem-Turkic"><i>Ajem-Turkic</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Gagauz_language" title="Balkan Gagauz language">Balkan Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_language" title="Gagauz language">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs#Language" title="Karapapakhs"><i>Karapapakh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karamanli_Turkish" title="Karamanli Turkish"><i>Karamanli Turkish</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Anatolian_Turkish" title="Old Anatolian Turkish"><i>Old Anatolian Turkish</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish"><i>Ottoman Turkish</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Turkic_languages" title="Siberian Turkic languages">Siberian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolgan_language" title="Dolgan language">Dolgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_language" title="Yakut language">Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chulym_language" title="Chulym language">Chulym</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sayan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steppe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dukhan_language" title="Dukhan language">Dukhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot_language" title="Soyot language">Soyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofa_language" title="Tofa language">Tofa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yenisei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_language" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz language">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas_language" title="Khakas language">Khakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Altai_language" title="Northern Altai language">Northern Altai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelkan_language" title="Chelkan language">Chelkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumandin_language" title="Kumandin language">Kumandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubalar_language" title="Tubalar language">Tuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shor_language" title="Shor language">Shor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western Yugur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic" title="Old Turkic">Old</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur" title="Old Uyghur"><i>Old Uyghur</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkhon_Turkic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkhon Turkic language"><i>Orkhon Turkic</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oghur_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Oghur languages">Oghur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_language" title="Bulgar language"><i>Bulgar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputed classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_language" title="Khazar language"><i>Khazar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecheneg_language" title="Pecheneg language"><i>Pecheneg</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Potentially Turkic languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Di_(Five_Barbarians)" title="Di (Five Barbarians)"><i>Di</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_language" title="Hunnic language"><i>Hunnic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jie_language" title="Jie language"><i>Jie</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars#Language" title="Pannonian Avars"><i>Pannonian Avar</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba_language" title="Tuoba language"><i>Tuoba</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusun#Language" title="Wusun"><i>Wusun</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiongnu_language" title="Xiongnu language"><i>Xiongnu</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creoles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pidgin" title="Pidgin">pidgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou_language" title="Hezhou language">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurbet_language" title="Kurbet language">Kurbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoqmon%C4%8Daq_language" title="Qoqmončaq language">Qoqmončaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Russia" title="Template:Languages of Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Russia" title="Template talk:Languages of Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Russia" title="Languages of Russia">Languages of Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State languages<br />of federal subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaza_language" title="Abaza language">Abaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghul_language" title="Aghul language">Aghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_languages" title="Altai languages">Altai</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Northern_Altai_language" title="Northern Altai language">Northern Altai</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Southern_Altai_language" title="Southern Altai language">Southern Altai</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avar_language" title="Avar language">Avar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_language" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_language" title="Crimean Tatar language">Crimean Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargwa_language" title="Dargwa language">Dargwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_language" title="Ingush language">Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Oirat" title="Kalmyk Oirat">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas_language" title="Khakas language">Khakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_language" title="Komi language">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lak_language" title="Lak language">Lak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgian_language" title="Lezgian language">Lezgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_language" title="Mari language">Mari</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hill_Mari_language" title="Hill Mari language">Hill</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Meadow_Mari_language" title="Meadow Mari language">Meadow</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordvinic_languages" title="Mordvinic languages">Mordvin</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Erzya_language" title="Erzya language">Erzya</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Moksha_language" title="Moksha language">Moksha</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_language" title="Nogai language">Nogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutul_language" title="Rutul language">Rutul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_language" title="Yakut language">Yakut/Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasaran_language" title="Tabasaran language">Tabasaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_language_(Caucasus)" title="Tat language (Caucasus)">Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakhur_language" title="Tsakhur language">Tsakhur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvan_language" title="Tuvan language">Tuvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_language" title="Udmurt language">Udmurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages with official status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_language" title="Chukchi language">Chukchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgan_language" title="Dolgan language">Dolgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even_language" title="Even language">Even</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_language" title="Evenki language">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanty_languages" title="Khanty languages">Khanty</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Khanty_language" title="Northern Khanty language">Northern Khanty</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Khanty_language" title="Southern Khanty language">Southern Khanty</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Khanty_language" title="Eastern Khanty language">Eastern Khanty</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi-Permyak_language" title="Komi-Permyak language">Komi-Permyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansi language">Mansi</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mansi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mansi language">Northern Mansi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Mansi_language" title="Western Mansi language">Western Mansi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mansi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Mansi language">Eastern Mansi</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Mansi_language" title="Southern Mansi language">Southern Mansi</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_languages" title="Nenets languages">Nenets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkup_language" title="Selkup language">Selkup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veps_language" title="Veps language">Veps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukaghir_languages" title="Yukaghir languages">Yukaghir</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tundra_Yukaghir_language" title="Tundra Yukaghir language">Northern Yukaghir</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Yukaghir_language" title="Southern Yukaghir language">Southern Yukaghir</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic Braille">Cyrillic Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian script</a> (<small><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Buryat script</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Kalmyk script</a></small>)<sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><sup>1</sup> In Russia, the Cyrillic alphabet is officially supported. <sup>2</sup> For other, non-Cyrillic alphabets, separate federal laws are required. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Russia" title="Category:Languages of Russia">Languages of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_languages_of_Russia" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia in languages of Russia">Wikipedia in languages of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_by_language_of_Russia" title="Category:Mass media by language of Russia">Mass media by language of Russia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13389#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4144089-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bashkir language"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85012068">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576104">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="baškirština"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1107328&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000306700&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007284641205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&oldid=1252357144">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bashkir_language&oldid=1252357144</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkic_languages" title="Category:Turkic languages">Turkic languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bashkir_language" title="Category:Bashkir language">Bashkir 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