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<li id="toc-Background_and_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_and_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background and construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_and_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_invasion_and_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_invasion_and_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>French invasion and occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_invasion_and_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>British rule</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Chambray</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Chambray" title="Fort Chambray – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fort Chambray" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98" title="ფორტ ჩამბრეი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფორტ ჩამბრეი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%89" title="حصن شامبراى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حصن شامبراى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Chambray" title="Fort Chambray – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fort Chambray" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Chambray" title="Fort Chambray – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fort Chambray" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortesa_Chambrai" title="Fortesa Chambrai – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fortesa Chambrai" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Форт Шамбре – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Форт Шамбре" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1438478#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Fort Chambray</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="nickname"><i>Forti Chambray</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="label"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%A1arr,_Gozo" title="Mġarr, Gozo">Mġarr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sudika_Fort_Chambray_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sudika_Fort_Chambray_panorama.jpg/300px-Sudika_Fort_Chambray_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sudika_Fort_Chambray_panorama.jpg/450px-Sudika_Fort_Chambray_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sudika_Fort_Chambray_panorama.jpg/600px-Sudika_Fort_Chambray_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Fort Chambray viewed from the landward side</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Chambray_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Fort_Chambray_map.png/300px-Fort_Chambray_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Fort_Chambray_map.png/450px-Fort_Chambray_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Fort_Chambray_map.png/600px-Fort_Chambray_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="738" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of Fort Chambray</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fort_Chambray&params=36_01_21_N_14_17_40_E_region:MT_type:landmark_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°01′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">14°17′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.02250°N 14.29444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.02250; 14.29444</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Bastioned <a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">fort</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malta" title="Government of Malta">Government of Malta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Controlled by</th><td class="infobox-data">Fort Chambray Ltd</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Open to<br />the public</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data">Intact</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fortchambray.com/">www.fortchambray.com</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Built</th><td class="infobox-data">1749–1760s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Built by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Order of Saint John</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In use</th><td class="infobox-data">1760s–1916</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Materials</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Malta" title="French invasion of Malta">French invasion of Malta</a> (1798)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fort Chambray</b> or <b>Fort Chambrai</b> (<a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>: <i lang="mt">Forti Xambrè</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a bastioned <a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">fort</a> located in the precincts of <a href="/wiki/G%C4%A7ajnsielem" title="Għajnsielem">Għajnsielem</a>, on the island of <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>. It was built in the mid-18th century by the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Order of Saint John</a>, in an area known as Ras it-Tafal, between the port of <a href="/wiki/M%C4%A1arr_(Gozo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mġarr (Gozo)">Mġarr</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xatt_l-A%C4%A7mar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xatt l-Aħmar (page does not exist)">Xatt l-Aħmar</a>. The fort was meant to be the <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a> of a new city which was to replace the <a href="/wiki/Cittadella_(Gozo)" title="Cittadella (Gozo)">Cittadella</a> as the island's capital, but this plan never materialized. </p><p>The fort saw use during the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Malta" title="French invasion of Malta">French invasion of Malta</a> in 1798, and was subsequently used as a military hospital and mental institution. The fort is currently being restored and redeveloped as a luxury accommodation.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Chambray&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_and_construction">Background and construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Chambray&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dechambray.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dechambray.jpg/220px-Dechambray.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Dechambray.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption>The fort was financed by and named after <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Chambray" title="Jacques-François de Chambray">Jacques-François de Chambray</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Fort Chambray is located on Ras it-Tafal, on high ground overlooking <a href="/wiki/M%C4%A1arr_(Gozo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mġarr (Gozo)">Mġarr Harbour</a>. The area was defended by <a href="/wiki/Garzes_Tower" title="Garzes Tower">Garzes Tower</a>, which was built in 1605, and a coastal battery built in the early 18th century. The tower and the battery were demolished, and no remains have survived.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1716, the French military engineer Louis François d'Aubigné de Tigné prepared plans for the construction of a fortified town at Ras it-Tafal. The Commissioners of Fortifications and War recommended constructing this proposed fort in a 1722 report, since it would be able to maintain the sea link with Malta, and would be able to take in Gozo's inhabitants and their livestock, relieving pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Cittadella_(Gozo)" title="Cittadella (Gozo)">Cittadella</a>. However, construction was postponed indefinitely due to lack of funding.<sup id="cite_ref-melitensiawth_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-melitensiawth-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Chambray_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Fort_Chambray_2.JPG/220px-Fort_Chambray_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Fort_Chambray_2.JPG/330px-Fort_Chambray_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Fort_Chambray_2.JPG/440px-Fort_Chambray_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Curtain wall between the main gate (left) and St. Paul Bastion</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1749, the new Governor of Gozo, <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Chambray" title="Jacques-François de Chambray">Jacques-François de Chambray</a>, informed Grand Master <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Pinto_da_Fonseca" title="Manuel Pinto da Fonseca">Manuel Pinto da Fonseca</a> that he would pay for the construction of Tigné's proposed fort. The Congregation of Fortifications and War accepted the offer on 15 September, and sent the military engineer Francesco Marandon to survey the site. The latter made a few modifications to Tigné's original design, and construction of the fort began later in September 1749 under his supervision.<sup id="cite_ref-melitensiawth_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-melitensiawth-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost 200 workmen were employed for the construction of the fort.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the course of construction, a number of problems came up, including structural issues, a shortage of manpower, and the disobedience of workers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excavation of the ditches and the initial stages of construction were largely complete by June 1752, and work on the fort proper began in October of the same year. The fort was almost ready by 1757, and it was fully completed in the early 1760s. The fort quickly fell into disrepair, being described as a ruin in 1789. Some minor repair works were carried out in 1796.<sup id="cite_ref-melitensiawth_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-melitensiawth-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site was used as a temporarily prison by the law enforcers.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the fort was built, a rectilinear street pattern was laid out so the town could be constructed within the walls, as had been originally planned by Tigné. However, the plots were not purchased and the town never developed,<sup id="cite_ref-melitensiawth_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-melitensiawth-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mainly because the threat from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates</a> had subsided, so Gozitans felt safe living in rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plans for its development drawn in the 1750s show that there had to be a militarized <a href="/wiki/Maltese_Baroque_architecture" title="Maltese Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> town with a grid plan, similar to <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, and residences were to include their own private gardens. A large space in the middle was intended to be a piazza or town square, surrounded by the main buildings. The buildings at the piazza were to include the main church, a <a href="/wiki/Castellania_(Valletta)" title="Castellania (Valletta)">courthouse</a> and the residence of the <a href="/wiki/Castellan" title="Castellan">Castellan</a>. These buildings were to have a shared symmetrical <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">late Baroque</a> <a href="/wiki/Portico" title="Portico">portico</a>, and a <i>place d’armes</i> was to be in the whereabouts.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of farmhouses were built inside and outside the fort.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_invasion_and_occupation">French invasion and occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Chambray&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: French invasion and occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fort Chambray saw its first use during the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Malta" title="French invasion of Malta">French invasion of Malta</a> in June 1798.<sup id="cite_ref-cassar_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cassar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-castillo_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castillo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the French landed on Gozo, many inhabitants took refuge within Chambray, bringing their livestock with them.<sup id="cite_ref-cassar_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cassar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-castillo_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castillo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the fort was commanded by the knight de Megrigny,<sup id="cite_ref-castillo_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castillo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was armed with 72 pieces of artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-whitworth_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whitworth-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fort initially offered some resistance, but it capitulated after the French General <a href="/wiki/Jean_Reynier" title="Jean Reynier">Jean Reynier</a> posted three companies in front of the fort, and issued a proclamation ordering its garrison to surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-cassar_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cassar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whitworth_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whitworth-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gozitans who had taken refuge returned to their homes with their cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-cassar_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cassar-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whitworth_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whitworth-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following its capture, Fort Chambray was manned by a French garrison. On 3 September, a day after the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(1798%E2%80%931800)" title="Siege of Malta (1798–1800)">Maltese uprising</a> began in <a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>, the Gozitans revolted against the French, and quickly took over the island except for Fort Chambray and the Cittadella. On 28 October 1798, Gozitan rebels led by <a href="/wiki/Saverio_Cassar" title="Saverio Cassar">Saverio Cassar</a> and British marines led by Captain Cresswell attacked the fort, and it capitulated on the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-castillo_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-castillo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other, probably more reliable, sources say that Fort Chambray was abandoned by French soldiers during the night of 16 and 17 September.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_rule">British rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Chambray&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: British rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Chambray_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fort_Chambray_3.JPG/220px-Fort_Chambray_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fort_Chambray_3.JPG/330px-Fort_Chambray_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fort_Chambray_3.JPG/440px-Fort_Chambray_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Barrack block within the fort</figcaption></figure> <p>Malta and Gozo came under British rule in the beginning of the 19th century, and as a result Fort Chambray was taken over by a British garrison. By 1830, a small military hospital of four wards had been established within the fort. The hospital was expanded during the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, and hundreds of wounded soldiers were treated there.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hospital was subsequently used by both the British military and Maltese civilians when there were fever epidemics.<sup id="cite_ref-ghajnsielemlc_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghajnsielemlc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_War" title="Anglo-Egyptian War">Anglo-Egyptian War</a> in 1882, a large building which had previously been barracks was converted to a hospital in order to house casualties from the war. It was used as a Convalescent Depot during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, and thousands of ill or wounded patients passed through the hospital between October 1915 and its closure in March 1916. During this period, the medical staff issued a journal called <i>The Fort Chambray Gazette</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ghajnsielemlc_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghajnsielemlc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The military gave up the fort in 1916, and from 1934 to 1983 it was used as a civilian mental hospital, housing up to 200 patients. A section of the fort was also used as a <a href="/wiki/Leprosarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Leprosarium">leprosarium</a> between 1937 and 1956, under the name of Sacred Heart Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-ghajnsielemlc_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghajnsielemlc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the years that the fort was used as a hospital, three cemeteries were built, one within the fort and two in the ditches.<sup id="cite_ref-malta-canada_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malta-canada-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Chambray&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forti_Xambr%C3%A8_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Forti_Xambr%C3%A8_02.jpg/220px-Forti_Xambr%C3%A8_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Forti_Xambr%C3%A8_02.jpg/330px-Forti_Xambr%C3%A8_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Forti_Xambr%C3%A8_02.jpg/440px-Forti_Xambr%C3%A8_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>The tombstones amongst construction waste and dilapidation</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Chambray_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fort_Chambray_4.JPG/220px-Fort_Chambray_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fort_Chambray_4.JPG/330px-Fort_Chambray_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fort_Chambray_4.JPG/440px-Fort_Chambray_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Modern developments within Fort Chambray</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1979, part of the fort began to be converted into a tourist complex, a project which never materialized. The Garrison Cemetery was cleared in the mid-1980s, and the human remains were transferred to the Santa Maria Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Xewkija" title="Xewkija">Xewkija</a> on 1 July 1991. The tombstones have been set aside in a secluded part of the fort. The destruction of this cemetery has been called an "act of cultural vandalism".<sup id="cite_ref-ghajnsielemlc_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghajnsielemlc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1992, the Planning Services Division of the Ministry for Development of Infrastructure published the <i>Fort Chambray Development Brief</i>, in which it detailed that the fort should be redeveloped, while retaining the outer bastions, the barracks, bakeries, chapels and hospital complex. The brief also said that the tombstones from the cemetery should be used imaginatively in a landscaping scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The interior of the fort began to be redeveloped in January 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Master Plan was approved in 1995, and its owners took over the site in 2007. Since then, residential units have been built within the fort, and some of the bastions have been restored. A new Master Plan for phases two and three of the development was approved in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now closed to the general public as it serves as a <a href="/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community">gated community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layout">Layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Chambray&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Chambray_G%C4%A7ajnsielem_Gozo_Malta_2014_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Fort_Chambray_G%C4%A7ajnsielem_Gozo_Malta_2014_2.jpg/220px-Fort_Chambray_G%C4%A7ajnsielem_Gozo_Malta_2014_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Fort_Chambray_G%C4%A7ajnsielem_Gozo_Malta_2014_2.jpg/330px-Fort_Chambray_G%C4%A7ajnsielem_Gozo_Malta_2014_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Fort_Chambray_G%C4%A7ajnsielem_Gozo_Malta_2014_2.jpg/440px-Fort_Chambray_G%C4%A7ajnsielem_Gozo_Malta_2014_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Fort Chambray as seen from Mġarr Harbour</figcaption></figure> <p>Fort Chambray consists of four main parts: a bastioned land front and its <a href="/wiki/Outwork" title="Outwork">outworks</a>, two flanks overlooking Mġarr Harbour and Xatt l-Aħmar, and a cliff face facing the sea.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The land front consists of three bastions: </p> <ul><li>St. Anthony Bastion – the pentagonal bastion at the right of the land front. It has a total of nine embrasures on its flanks and faces. A church was originally built on the bastion, and it now contains a number of modern buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Paul Bastion – the pentagonal bastion at the centre of the land front. It has a total of eighteen embrasures on its flanks and faces.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Notre Dame Bastion – the demi-bastion at the left of the land front. It has six embrasures. Its right face has collapsed and slid down by about 20 feet.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The bastions are linked together by curtain walls, one of which contains the fort's main gate.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are protected by a ditch<sup id="cite_ref-ditch_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ditch-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the following <a href="/wiki/Outwork" title="Outwork">outworks</a>: </p> <ul><li>a large <a href="/wiki/Counterguard" title="Counterguard">counterguard</a> protecting St. Paul Bastion.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>two <a href="/wiki/Ravelin" title="Ravelin">ravelins</a> protecting the curtain walls between the bastions. The Right Ravelin contains the fort's Advanced Gate.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>a <a href="/wiki/Covertway" title="Covertway">covertway</a> along the entire land front.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Chambray_0001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Fort_Chambray_0001.jpg/220px-Fort_Chambray_0001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Fort_Chambray_0001.jpg/330px-Fort_Chambray_0001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Fort_Chambray_0001.jpg/440px-Fort_Chambray_0001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The cliff face which makes up the fort's southern perimeter</figcaption></figure> <p>The fort's western flank, overlooking Xatt l-Aħmar, mainly consists of a curtain wall which was originally protected by a ditch,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Guardian Angel Bastion, a pentagonal bastion at the southernmost part of the fort. It has five embrasures and a barbette parapet, a flat-roofed echaugette,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_magazine" title="Gunpowder magazine">polverista</a> with a conical roof.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fort's eastern flank, overlooking Mġarr Harbour, consists of an irregular trace linking Notre Dame Bastion to the cliff face,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which makes up the entire southern perimeter of the fort, overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Gozo_Channel" title="Gozo Channel">Gozo Channel</a>. Two traverses are located at the centre of the cliff face.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Chambray&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSpiteri2003" class="citation book cs1">Spiteri, Stephen C. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/arkitettura/docs/armoury-of-the-knights"><i>Armoury of the Knights</i></a>. Midsea Books. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99932-39-33-X" title="Special:BookSources/99932-39-33-X"><bdi>99932-39-33-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armoury+of+the+Knights&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Midsea+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=99932-39-33-X&rft.aulast=Spiteri&rft.aufirst=Stephen+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Farkitettura%2Fdocs%2Farmoury-of-the-knights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.13(2000-03)/MH.13(2003)4/01.pdf">Original plan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160322194851/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Melita%20Historica/MH.13%282000-03%29/MH.13%282003%294/01.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Chambray&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oCdhDp3oDUoC&pg=PA381">"Malta bil chzejer tehne u li ghadda min ghaliha: It-tieni parti"</a>. 25 June 1865 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malta+bil+chzejer+tehne+u+li+ghadda+min+ghaliha%3A+It-tieni+parti&rft.date=1865-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoCdhDp3oDUoC%26pg%3DPA381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScicluna" class="citation web cs1">Scicluna, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/55774/1/Bidu%20Ġdid%20għal%20Chambray.pdf">"Bidu ©did g ̇al Chambray"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.um.edu.mt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=St+Anthony+Bastion+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1364.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1363.pdf">"St Paul Bastion – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1362.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=Notre+Dame+Bastion+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1362.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715002944/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1366.pdf">"Curtain wall with main entrance – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1366.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=Curtain+wall+with+main+entrance+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1366.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715010735/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1369.pdf">"Curtain wall linking St Anthony Bastion to St Paul Bastion – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1369.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=Curtain+wall+linking+St+Anthony+Bastion+to+St+Paul+Bastion+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1369.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ditch-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ditch_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714225513/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1373.pdf">"Ditch – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1373.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=Ditch+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1373.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715003947/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1371.pdf">"Central Countergaurd – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1371.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=Central+Countergaurd+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1371.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715005651/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1367.pdf">"Right Ravelin – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1367.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=Right+Ravelin+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1367.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715001520/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1368.pdf">"Left Ravelin – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1368.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=Left+Ravelin+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1368.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714214350/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1372.pdf">"Covertway – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1372.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=Covertway+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1372.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715000243/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1370.pdf">"Curtain wall linking St Anthony Bastion to Guardian Angel Bastion – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1370.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=Curtain+wall+linking+St+Anthony+Bastion+to+Guardian+Angel+Bastion+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1370.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714220824/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1365.pdf">"Guardian Angel Bastion – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1365.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=Guardian+Angel+Bastion+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1365.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150715003318/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1376.pdf">"Polverista – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1376.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=Polverista+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1376.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714230755/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1374.pdf">"Mġarr facing front – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1374.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=M%C4%A1arr+facing+front+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1374.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714215123/http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1375.pdf">"Cliff face – Fort Chambrai"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</i>. 28 June 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalheritage.gov.mt/filebank/inventory/Knights%20Fortifications/1375.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Inventory+of+the+Cultural+Property+of+the+Maltese+Islands&rft.atitle=Cliff+face+%E2%80%93+Fort+Chambrai&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalheritage.gov.mt%2Ffilebank%2Finventory%2FKnights%2520Fortifications%2F1375.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFort+Chambray" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Chambray&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> topics <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_(variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="649" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">order of chivalry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign subject</a> of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>, founded in 1099 in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_masters_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta#Governance" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_the_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Council of the Order of Malta">Sovereign Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_General_of_the_Order_of_Malta" title="Chapter General of the Order of Malta">Chapter General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priory" title="Priory">Grand Priories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commanderies_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Commanderies of the Order of Saint John">Commanderies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langue_(Knights_Hospitaller)" title="Langue (Knights Hospitaller)">Langues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Diplomatic missions of</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_to_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="List of diplomatic missions to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Diplomatic missions to</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_permanent_observers_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of permanent observers of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries" title="Auxiliaries">Auxiliaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix-de-Malte.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Croix-de-Malte.svg/15px-Croix-de-Malte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Croix-de-Malte.svg/23px-Croix-de-Malte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Croix-de-Malte.svg/30px-Croix-de-Malte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Malteser_International" title="Malteser International">Malteser International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Malta_Ambulance_Corps" title="Order of Malta Ambulance Corps">Order of Malta Ambulance Corps</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_Hospitalier.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/15px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/23px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/30px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta#Military_Corps" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Military Corps</a>: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_SMOM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/15px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/23px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/30px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta#Air_force" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Air Force</a> <i>(Historically: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg/15px-Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg/23px-Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg/30px-Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9000" data-file-height="6300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Navy_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Navy of the Order of Saint John">Navy</a>)</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_line_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="List of ships of the line of the Order of Saint John">Ships of the line</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Flag and coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Flag and coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Crux_Alba" title="Ave Crux Alba">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_passport" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta passport">Passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_scudo" title="Maltese scudo">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Postal system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">History</a>,<br />including<br />major<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Knights_Hospitaller_sites" title="List of Knights Hospitaller sites">sites</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Commanderies_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Commanderies of the Order of Saint John">commanderies</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Castles_and_fortifications_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Castles and fortifications of the Knights Hospitaller">premises</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Battles involving the Knights Hospitaller">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Malta" title="Palazzo Malta">Palazzo Malta</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">capital</a></i>) (1869)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Priorato_di_Malta" title="Villa del Priorato di Malta">Villa del Priorato di Malta</a> (1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Malta</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Malta" title="Fortifications of Malta">Fortifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Birgu" title="Fortifications of Birgu">Birgu</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Angelo" title="Fort St. Angelo">Fort St Angelo</a> (2001))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Senglea" title="Fortifications of Senglea">Senglea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Michael" title="Fort Saint Michael">Fort St Michael</a>)<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Mdina" title="Fortifications of Mdina">Mdina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Valletta" title="Fortifications of Valletta">Valletta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Elmo" title="Fort Saint Elmo">Fort St Elmo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cittadella_(Gozo)" title="Cittadella (Gozo)">Cittadella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriana_Lines" title="Floriana Lines">Floriana Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Margherita_Lines" title="Santa Margherita Lines">Santa Margherita Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonera_Lines" title="Cottonera Lines">Cottonera Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ricasoli" title="Fort Ricasoli">Fort Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Manoel" title="Fort Manoel">Fort Manoel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fort Chambray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tign%C3%A9" title="Fort Tigné">Fort Tigné</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_fortifications_in_Malta" title="List of fortifications in Malta">others</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">Palaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster%27s_Palace_(Valletta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandmaster's Palace (Valletta)">Grand Master's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilhena_Palace" title="Vilhena Palace">Vilhena Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdala_Palace" title="Verdala Palace">Verdala Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Anton_Palace" title="San Anton Palace">San Anton Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Co-Cathedral" title="Saint John's Co-Cathedral">St John (Conventual Church)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Liesse" title="Church of Our Lady of Liesse">Our Lady of Liesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Pilar,_Valletta" title="Church of Our Lady of Pilar, Valletta">Our Lady of Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Victory_(Valletta)" title="Church of Our Lady of Victory (Valletta)">Our Lady of Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Barbara,_Valletta" title="Church of Saint Barbara, Valletta">St Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Italy,_Valletta" title="Church of Saint Catherine of Italy, Valletta">St Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_Saint_Lawrence,_Vittoriosa" title="Collegiate Church of Saint Lawrence, Vittoriosa">St Lawrence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auberges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Birgu" title="Birgu">Birgu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Allemagne,_Birgu" title="Auberge d'Allemagne, Birgu">Allemagne</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Angleterre" title="Auberge d'Angleterre">Angleterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Aragon,_Birgu" title="Auberge d'Aragon, Birgu">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Auvergne_et_Provence" title="Auberge d'Auvergne et Provence">Auvergne et Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille_et_Portugal" title="Auberge de Castille et Portugal">Castille et Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_France,_Birgu" title="Auberge de France, Birgu">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Italie,_Birgu" title="Auberge d'Italie, Birgu">Italie</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Allemagne" title="Auberge d'Allemagne">Allemagne</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Aragon" title="Auberge d'Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Auvergne" title="Auberge d'Auvergne">Auvergne</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Bavi%C3%A8re" title="Auberge de Bavière">Bavière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille" title="Auberge de Castille">Castille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_France" title="Auberge de France">France</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Italie" title="Auberge d'Italie">Italie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Provence" title="Auberge de Provence">Provence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller Rhodes">Rhodes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Rhodes" title="Fortifications of Rhodes">Fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Knights_of_Rhodes" title="Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes">Palace of the Grand Master</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle" title="Bodrum Castle">Bodrum Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Saint John d'Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_monastery_in_Abu_Ghosh" title="Benedictine monastery in Abu Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvoir Fortress">Belvoir Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastel_Rouge" title="Chastel Rouge">Chastel Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist,_Ein_Karem,_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Saint John the Baptist, Ein Karem, Jerusalem">Church of Saint John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Germans" title="Church of Saint Mary of the Germans">Church of Saint Mary of the Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coliath" title="Coliath">Coliath</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibelacar" title="Gibelacar">Gibelacar</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Krak_des_Chevaliers" title="Krak des Chevaliers">Krak des Chevaliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margat" title="Margat">Margat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Tripoli" title="Hospitaller Tripoli">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Heitersheim" title="Principality of Heitersheim">Principality of Heitersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Hospitaller colonization of the Americas">Colonization of the Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">Military<br />history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Crusade" title="Sixth Crusade">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward%27s_crusade" title="Lord Edward's crusade">9th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Battles involving the Knights Hospitaller">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">Siege of Jerusalem (1187)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsuf" title="Battle of Arsuf">Battle of Arsuf (1191)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1291)" title="Siege of Acre (1291)">Siege of Acre (1291)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_conquest_of_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes">Conquest of Rhodes (1306–1310)</a></li> <li>Sieges of Rhodes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1444)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1444)">1444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1480)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1480)">1480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1522)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1522)">1522</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Gozo_(1551)" title="Invasion of Gozo (1551)">Invasion of Gozo (1551)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli_(1551)" title="Siege of Tripoli (1551)">Siege of Tripoli (1551)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege of Malta (1565)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Battle of Lepanto (1571)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_%C5%BBejtun" title="Raid on Żejtun">Raid on Żejtun (1614)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Damietta_(1732)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Damietta (1732) (page does not exist)">Battle of Damietta (1732)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Malta" title="French invasion of Malta">Loss of Malta (1798)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Extant <i><a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritoriality</a></i> (with year of proclamation)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span> Demolished or sparse remains</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Forts_in_Malta" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Forts_in_Malta" title="Template:Forts in Malta"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Forts_in_Malta" title="Template talk:Forts in Malta"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Forts_in_Malta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Forts in Malta"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Forts_in_Malta" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">Forts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 16th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Angelo" title="Fort St. Angelo">Fort St. Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Elmo" title="Fort Saint Elmo">Fort St. Elmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Michael" title="Fort Saint Michael">Fort St. Michael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ricasoli" title="Fort Ricasoli">Fort Ricasoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fort Chambray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Manoel" title="Fort Manoel">Fort Manoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Lucian" title="Fort San Lucian">Fort Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Salvatore" title="Fort San Salvatore">Fort San Salvatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tign%C3%A9" title="Fort Tigné">Fort Tigné</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire"><img alt="British Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bin%C4%A1emma" title="Fort Binġemma">Fort Binġemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Delimara" title="Fort Delimara">Fort Delimara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Leonardo" title="Fort Leonardo">Fort Leonardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Madalena" title="Fort Madalena">Fort Madalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mosta" title="Fort Mosta">Fort Mosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pembroke" title="Fort Pembroke">Fort Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Lucian" title="Fort San Lucian">Fort San Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Rocco" title="Fort Saint Rocco">Fort St. Rocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tas-Sil%C4%A1" title="Fort Tas-Silġ">Fort Tas-Silġ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Verdala" title="Fort Verdala">Fort Verdala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire"><img alt="British Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Benghisa" title="Fort Benghisa">Fort Benghisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Campbell_(Malta)" title="Fort Campbell (Malta)">Fort Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mellie%C4%A7a" title="Fort Mellieħa">Fort Mellieħa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Built by: <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Order of St. John of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort_Chambray&oldid=1256025245">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort_Chambray&oldid=1256025245</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Malta" title="Category:Forts in Malta">Forts in Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitaller_fortifications_in_Malta" title="Category:Hospitaller fortifications in Malta">Hospitaller fortifications in Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:G%C4%A7ajnsielem" title="Category:Għajnsielem">Għajnsielem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_hospitals_in_Malta" title="Category:Defunct hospitals in Malta">Defunct hospitals in Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychiatric_hospitals_in_Malta" title="Category:Psychiatric hospitals in Malta">Psychiatric hospitals in Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leper_colonies" title="Category:Leper colonies">Leper colonies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_fortifications" title="Category:18th-century fortifications">18th-century fortifications</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Limestone_buildings_in_Malta" title="Category:Limestone buildings in Malta">Limestone buildings in Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Inventory_of_the_Cultural_Property_of_the_Maltese_Islands" title="Category:National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands">National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Barracks_in_Malta" title="Category:Barracks in Malta">Barracks in Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_prisons_in_Malta" title="Category:Defunct prisons in Malta">Defunct prisons in Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gated_communities" title="Category:Gated communities">Gated communities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th_Century_military_history_of_Malta" title="Category:18th Century military history of Malta">18th Century military history of Malta</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks 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