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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Barbaryzm&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Barbaryzm&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Barbaryzm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 37 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="لفظ بربري – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لفظ بربري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarl%C4%B1q_(dil%C3%A7ilik)" title="Barbarlıq (dilçilik) – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Barbarlıq (dilçilik)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Варварызм – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Варварызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Барбарызм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Барбарызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarisme" title="Barbarisme – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Barbarisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Варваризм – czuwaski" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Варваризм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="czuwaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarismus" title="Barbarismus – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Barbarismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarisme" title="Barbarisme – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Barbarisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarismus" title="Barbarismus – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Barbarismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarism" title="Barbarism – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Barbarism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Βαρβαρισμός – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαρβαρισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarism_(linguistics)" title="Barbarism (linguistics) – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Barbarism (linguistics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarismo" title="Barbarismo – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Barbarismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarismo" title="Barbarismo – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Barbarismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarisme" title="Barbarisme – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Barbarisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Օտարաբանություն – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օտարաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarismo" title="Barbarismo – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Barbarismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Варваризм – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Варваризм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Варваризм – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Варваризм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarismus" title="Barbarismus – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Barbarismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarisms" title="Barbarisms – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Barbarisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarizmas" title="Barbarizmas – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Barbarizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarizmus" title="Barbarizmus – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Barbarizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Варваризми – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Варваризми" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strangeirismo" title="Strangeirismo – mirandyjski" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Strangeirismo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarisme" title="Barbarisme – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Barbarisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varvarizmlar" title="Varvarizmlar – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Varvarizmlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarismo" title="Barbarismo – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Barbarismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarism" title="Barbarism – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Barbarism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Варваризм – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Варваризм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Варваризм – jakucki" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Варваризм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakucki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarizmi_(gjuh%C3%ABsi)" title="Barbarizmi (gjuhësi) – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Barbarizmi (gjuhësi)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarism" title="Barbarism – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Barbarism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Варваризм – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Варваризм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbarizm" title="Barbarizm – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Barbarizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Варваризм – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Варваризм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E8%9B%AE_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6)" title="野蛮 (语言学) – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="野蛮 (语言学)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q720113#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Barbaryzm" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja:Barbaryzm&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony (strona nie istnieje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&stable=1"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-current" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&stable=0&redirect=no" title="Pokaż oczekujące zmiany dla tej strony [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Oczekuje na przejrzenie</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&stable=1"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-current" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&stable=0&redirect=no"><span>Oczekuje na przejrzenie</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Barbaryzm" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Barbaryzm" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&oldid=73831250" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Barbaryzm&id=73831250&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBarbaryzm%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DBarbaryzm%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Barbaryzm"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Barbaryzm&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q720113" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle"><span class="cdx-fr-css-icon-review--status--stable"></span><b>Przejrzana</b></indicator></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div id="mw-fr-revision-details" class="mw-fr-revision-details-dialog" style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Status wersji strony</h2><p class="cdx-dialog__header__subtitle">To jest wersja przejrzana tej strony</p></div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Zamknij" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium
							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">To jest <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wersje_przejrzane" title="Wikipedia:Wersje przejrzane">wersja przejrzana</a>, która została <a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Rejestr&type=review&page=Specjalna:Badtitle/Message">oznaczona</a> <i>7 lip 2024</i>. Na przejrzenie oczekują <a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Badtitle/Message&action=info#mw-flaggedrevs-action-info-pages-waiting-for-review">zmiany w szablonach lub plikach</a>, które są zawarte na tej stronie.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Barbaryzm</b> (z <a href="/wiki/Greka" class="mw-redirect" title="Greka">gr.</a> <i>barbarismós</i>, od <i>bárbaros</i> „barbarzyńca, <a href="/wiki/Cudzoziemiec" title="Cudzoziemiec">cudzoziemiec</a>”) – <a href="/wiki/Jednostki_j%C4%99zykowe" title="Jednostki językowe">jednostka językowa</a> niewłaściwa dla danego <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_(mowa)" title="Język (mowa)">języka</a>, przeniesiona do wypowiedzi z <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_obcy" title="Język obcy">języka obcego</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zapo%C5%BCyczenia_j%C4%99zykowe" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapożyczenia językowe">zapożyczenie</a> lub <a href="/wiki/Kalka_(j%C4%99zykoznawstwo)" title="Kalka (językoznawstwo)">kalka językowa</a>). Termin ten odnoszony jest w szczególności do elementów ocenianych negatywnie, postrzeganych jako zbędne<sup id="cite_ref-encenc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encenc-1">[1]</a></sup> i łamiących ustalone <a href="/wiki/Norma_j%C4%99zykowa" title="Norma językowa">konwenanse językowe</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>. Według innego rozumienia barbaryzm to każdy element językowy uchodzący za <a href="/wiki/Kultura_j%C4%99zyka" title="Kultura języka">niekulturalny</a>, niewłaściwy dla <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_literacki" title="Język literacki">języka literackiego</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>. Niekiedy definiuje się go jako „poważny <a href="/wiki/B%C5%82%C4%85d_j%C4%99zykowy" title="Błąd językowy">błąd językowy</a>”<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>. </p><p>Barbaryzmy opierają się na zasadzie kontrastu między językami. Mogą zatem nadawać <a href="/wiki/Tekst_literacki" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekst literacki">tekstowi literackiemu</a> szczególną wartość stylistyczną<sup id="cite_ref-encenc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encenc-1">[1]</a></sup>. Wykorzystywane są jako <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arodki_stylistyczne" title="Środki stylistyczne">chwyty stylistyczne</a> służące podkreśleniu kunsztowności wypowiedzi (zwłaszcza <a href="/wiki/Makaronizm" title="Makaronizm">makaronizmy</a> w literaturze <a href="/wiki/Barok" title="Barok">barokowej</a>), wywołaniu efektów humorystycznych lub językowej charakterystyce postaci<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/barbaryzm" class="extiw" title="wikt:barbaryzm"><strong>Zobacz hasło</strong> <em>barbaryzm</em> w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makaronizm" title="Makaronizm">makaronizm</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbaryzm&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-encenc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-encenc_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-encenc_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encenc.pl/barbaryzm/"><i>barbaryzm</i></a>, [w:] Encyklopedia językoznawstwa ogólnego [online], Encyklopedia ENCENC – Polskie encyklopedie humanistyczne<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-06-28]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=barbaryzm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=Encyklopedia+ENCENC+%E2%80%93+Polskie+encyklopedie+humanistyczne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencenc.pl%2Fbarbaryzm%2F" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Mistr%C3%ADk" title="Jozef Mistrík"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Jozef</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jozef" style="display:none">J.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Mistrík</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Jozef</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jozef">J.</span></span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyklop%C3%A9dia_jazykovedy" title="Encyklopédia jazykovedy"><i>Encyklopédia jazykovedy</i></a>, wyd. 1, Bratislava: Obzor, 1993, s. 81, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8021502509" title="Specjalna:Książki/8021502509">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">80-215-0250-9</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/29200758">29200758</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Bratislava&rft.edition=1&rft.aufirst=Jozef&rft.aulast=Mistr%C3%ADk&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=8021502509&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Encyklop%C3%A9dia+jazykovedy&rft.pub=Obzor&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F29200758" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku słowackim (slovenčina)">słow.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><a href="/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Topori%C5%A1i%C4%8D" title="Jože Toporišič"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Jože</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jože" style="display:none">J.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Toporišič</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Jože</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jože">J.</span></span></a>, <i>Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika</i>, <span class="cite-name-full">Ksenija</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Ksenija" style="display:none">K.</span> <span class="cite-lastname">Dolinar</span> (red.), Lublana: Cankarjeva založba, 1992, s. 5, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8636107563" title="Specjalna:Książki/8636107563">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">86-361-0756-3</span></a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Lublana&rft.aufirst=Jo%C5%BEe&rft.aulast=Topori%C5%A1i%C4%8D&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=8636107563&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Enciklopedija+slovenskega+jezika&rft.pub=Cankarjeva+zalo%C5%BEba" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku słoweńskim (slovenščina)">słoweń.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Haller" title="Jiří Haller"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Jiří</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jiří" style="display:none">J.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Haller</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Jiří</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Jiří">J.</span></span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nase-rec.ujc.cas.cz/archiv.php?art=3009"><i>Poznámky k Příručnímu slovníku jazyka českého</i></a>, „<a href="/wiki/Na%C5%A1e_%C5%99e%C4%8D" title="Naše řeč">Naše řeč</a>”, 20 (2–3), 1936, s. 44–49<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2024-05-22]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.date=1936&rft.atitle=Pozn%C3%A1mky+k+P%C5%99%C3%ADru%C4%8Dn%C3%ADmu+slovn%C3%ADku+jazyka+%C4%8Desk%C3%A9ho&rft.jtitle=Na%C5%A1e+%C5%99e%C4%8D&rft.volume=20&rft.edition=2%E2%80%933&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnase-rec.ujc.cas.cz%2Farchiv.php%3Fart%3D3009" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku czeskim (čeština)">cz.</abbr>)</span>, patrz s. 45.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book nourl"><span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Grzegorz</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Grzegorz" style="display:none">G.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Krupiński</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Grzegorz</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Grzegorz">G.</span></span>, <span class="cite-name-before"><span class="cite-name-full">Henryk</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Henryk" style="display:none">H.</span> </span><span class="cite-lastname">Sułek</span><span class="cite-name-after" style="display:none"> <span class="cite-name-full">Henryk</span><span class="cite-name-initials" title="Henryk">H.</span></span>, <i>Praktyczny słownik terminów literackich</i>, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Zielona Sowa, 2004, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8373891374" title="Specjalna:Książki/8373891374">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-7389-137-4</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/749732937">749732937</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-11-25]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=book&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.aufirst=Grzegorz&rft.aulast=Krupi%C5%84ski&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=83-7389-137-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=Praktyczny+s%C5%82ownik+termin%C3%B3w+literackich&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Zielona+Sowa&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F749732937" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite><span class="problemy" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet=""> Brak numerów stron w książce</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output 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