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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handguns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Handguns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handguns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long_guns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_guns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Long guns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_guns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rifles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rifles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Rifles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rifles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shotguns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shotguns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Shotguns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shotguns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carbines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carbines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Carbines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carbines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assault_rifles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assault_rifles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Assault rifles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assault_rifles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_rifles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_rifles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>Battle rifles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_rifles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sniper_rifles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sniper_rifles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.6</span> <span>Sniper rifles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sniper_rifles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Automatic_rifles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automatic_rifles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.7</span> <span>Automatic rifles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automatic_rifles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Machine_guns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Machine_guns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.8</span> <span>Machine guns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Machine_guns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Submachine_guns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submachine_guns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.9</span> <span>Submachine guns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submachine_guns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_defense_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_defense_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.10</span> <span>Personal defense weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_defense_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Action</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Action-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Action subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Manual</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lever_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lever_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Lever action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lever_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolt_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolt_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Bolt action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolt_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pump_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pump_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Pump action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pump_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Semi-automatic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semi-automatic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Semi-automatic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semi-automatic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Automatic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automatic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Automatic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automatic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Burst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selective_fire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selective_fire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Selective fire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selective_fire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_as_a_blunt_weapon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_as_a_blunt_weapon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Use as a blunt weapon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_as_a_blunt_weapon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_firearm_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_firearm_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Early firearm models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_firearm_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fire_lances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_lances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Fire lances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_lances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hand_cannons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hand_cannons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Hand cannons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hand_cannons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arquebuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arquebuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Arquebuses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arquebuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muskets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muskets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Muskets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muskets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firing_mechanisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firing_mechanisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Firing mechanisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firing_mechanisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Matchlock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Matchlock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Matchlock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Matchlock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wheellock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wheellock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Wheellock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wheellock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flintlock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flintlock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Flintlock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flintlock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Percussion_cap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Percussion_cap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Percussion cap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Percussion_cap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loading_techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loading_techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Loading techniques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loading_techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internal_magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Internal magazines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detachable_magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detachable_magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Detachable magazines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Detachable_magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belt-fed_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belt-fed_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Belt-fed weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belt-fed_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cartridges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cartridges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Cartridges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cartridges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repeating_firearms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repeating_firearms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Repeating firearms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repeating_firearms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_hazards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_hazards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Health hazards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_hazards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Health hazards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Health_hazards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Injury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Injury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Injury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Injury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PTSD_(Post-traumatic_stress_disorder)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PTSD_(Post-traumatic_stress_disorder)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PTSD_(Post-traumatic_stress_disorder)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lead_exposure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lead_exposure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Lead exposure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lead_exposure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Noise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legal definitions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_definitions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal definitions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_treaties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_treaties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>International treaties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_treaties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Firearm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 105 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurwapen" title="Vuurwapen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vuurwapen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feuerwaffe" title="Feuerwaffe – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Feuerwaffe" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%A0%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%83" title="ጠመንጃ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጠመንጃ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C8%B3rw%C7%A3pen" title="Fȳrwǣpen – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fȳrwǣpen" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="سلاح ناري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلاح ناري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_de_fuego" title="Arma de fuego – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arma de fuego" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_de_fueu" title="Arma de fueu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arma de fueu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odlu_silah" title="Odlu silah – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Odlu silah" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD" title="اودلو سیلاح – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اودلو سیلاح" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="আগ্নেয়াস্ত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আগ্নেয়াস্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%83_%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Атыу ҡоралы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Атыу ҡоралы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Агнястрэльная зброя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Агнястрэльная зброя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Пальная зброя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пальная зброя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Огнестрелно оръжие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Огнестрелно оръжие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatreno_oru%C5%BEje" title="Vatreno oružje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vatreno oružje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm-tan" title="Arm-tan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arm-tan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Галта зэбсэг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Галта зэбсэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_de_foc" title="Arma de foc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arma de foc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D1%82-%D1%85%C4%95%D0%BC%D0%BB%C4%95_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%B3_%D1%85%C4%95%C3%A7%D0%BF%C4%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%95" title="Вут-хĕмлĕ перӳ хĕçпăшалĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вут-хĕмлĕ перӳ хĕçпăшалĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paln%C3%A1_zbra%C5%88" title="Palná zbraň – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Palná zbraň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arf_t%C3%A2n" title="Arf tân – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Arf tân" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feuerwaffe" title="Feuerwaffe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Feuerwaffe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulirelv" title="Tulirelv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tulirelv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Πυροβόλο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυροβόλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_de_fuego" title="Arma de fuego – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arma de fuego" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pafilo" title="Pafilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pafilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-arma" title="Su-arma – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Su-arma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85" title="سلاح گرم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلاح گرم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banduuk" title="Banduuk – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Banduuk" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotv%C3%A1pn" title="Skotvápn – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Skotvápn" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arme_%C3%A0_feu" title="Arme à feu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arme à feu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjoerwapen" title="Fjoerwapen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fjoerwapen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm_tine" title="Arm tine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Arm tine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_de_fogo" title="Arma de fogo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arma de fogo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B3" title="Һалта Зевсг – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Һалта Зевсг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%EA%B8%B0" title="화기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindiga" title="Bindiga – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bindiga" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Հրազեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հրազեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="अग्निशस्त्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अग्निशस्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatreno_oru%C5%BEje" title="Vatreno oružje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vatreno oružje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senjata_api" title="Senjata api – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Senjata api" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotvopn" title="Skotvopn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skotvopn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_da_fuoco" title="Arma da fuoco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arma da fuoco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="כלי ירייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כלי ירייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C9%A9fa" title="Malɩfa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Malɩfa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83" title="Оқатар қару – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оқатар қару" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silaha_za_moto" title="Silaha za moto – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Silaha za moto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm_k%C3%A9_dif%C3%A9" title="Arm ké difé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Arm ké difé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ek_(am%C3%BBr)" title="Çek (amûr) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çek (amûr)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Атылма курал – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Атылма курал" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclopetum" title="Sclopetum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sclopetum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aujamierocis" title="Šaujamierocis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šaujamierocis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feierwaff" title="Feierwaff – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Feierwaff" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aunamasis_ginklas" title="Šaunamasis ginklas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šaunamasis ginklas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_de_foeugh" title="Arma de foeugh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Arma de foeugh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%B1zfegyver" title="Tűzfegyver – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tűzfegyver" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Огнено оружје – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Огнено оружје" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="തോക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തോക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="سلاح نارى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلاح نارى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senjata_api" title="Senjata api – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Senjata api" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjato_api" title="Sanjato api – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sanjato api" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82_%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Галт зэвсэг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Галт зэвсэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuurwapen" title="Vuurwapen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vuurwapen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%83" title="मिल्वाभः – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मिल्वाभः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%99%A8" title="火器 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="火器" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7" title="Долу герз – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Долу герз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skytev%C3%A5pen" title="Skytevåpen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skytevåpen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_de_fu%C3%B2c" title="Arma de fuòc – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arma de fuòc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBtochar_qurol" title="Oʻtochar qurol – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻtochar qurol" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਆਤਸ਼ੀ ਅਸਲਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਤਸ਼ੀ ਅਸਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%DB%81" title="آتشیں اسلحہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آتشیں اسلحہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro%C5%84_palna" title="Broń palna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Broń palna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_de_fogo" title="Arma de fogo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arma de fogo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nariye_sil%C3%A2s%C4%B1" title="Nariye silâsı – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Nariye silâsı" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%C4%83_de_foc" title="Armă de foc – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Armă de foc" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27uqyachina_ay%C3%B1i" title="T'uqyachina ayñi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="T'uqyachina ayñi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Огнестрельное оружие – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Огнестрельное оружие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%DB%81" title="آتشی اسلحہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آتشی اسلحہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma_e_zjarrit" title="Arma e zjarrit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arma e zjarrit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92" title="ගිනි අවි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගිනි අවි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun" title="Gun – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gun" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paln%C3%A1_zbra%C5%88" title="Palná zbraň – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Palná zbraň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ognjeno_oro%C5%BEje" title="Ognjeno orožje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ognjeno orožje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qori" title="Qori – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qori" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85" title="چەکی گەرم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چەکی گەرم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Ватрено оружје – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ватрено оружје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatreno_oru%C5%BEje" title="Vatreno oružje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vatreno oružje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuliase" title="Tuliase – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tuliase" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldvapen" title="Eldvapen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Eldvapen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandatang_pumuputok" title="Sandatang pumuputok – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sandatang pumuputok" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சுடுகலன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுடுகலன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF" title="తుపాకి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తుపాకి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99" title="อาวุธปืน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาวุธปืน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C5%9Fli_silah" title="Ateşli silah – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ateşli silah" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F" title="Вогнепальна зброя – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вогнепальна зброя" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%DB%81" title="آتشی اسلحہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آتشی اسلحہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAng_c%E1%BA%A7m_tay" title="Súng cầm tay – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Súng cầm tay" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusil" title="Pusil – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pusil" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%99%A8" title="火器 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="火器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8-%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="פייער-געווער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פייער-געווער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cbon" title="Ìbon – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìbon" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Gun for an individual</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the projectile weapon. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Firearm_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Firearm (disambiguation)">Firearm (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Firearm" title="Special:EditPage/Firearm">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Firearm%22">"Firearm"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Firearm%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Firearm%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Firearm%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Firearm%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Firearm%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M16_and_AK-47_comparison.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/M16_and_AK-47_comparison.png/300px-M16_and_AK-47_comparison.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/M16_and_AK-47_comparison.png/450px-M16_and_AK-47_comparison.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/M16_and_AK-47_comparison.png/600px-M16_and_AK-47_comparison.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16 rifle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47</a>, two common firearms with significant influences on firearm design</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>firearm</b> is any type of <a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">gun</a> that uses an <a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">explosive</a> charge and is designed to be readily carried and operated by an individual.<sup id="cite_ref-Cole_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Merriam-webster.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merriam-webster.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Firearm_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firearm-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is legally defined further in different countries (see <a href="#Legal_definitions">legal definitions</a>). </p><p>The first firearms originated in 10th-century <a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_China" title="History of science and technology in China">China</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> tubes containing <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lead_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead shot">pellet</a> projectiles were mounted on <a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">spears</a> to make the portable <a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">fire lance</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Helaine_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helaine-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> operable by a single person, which was later used effectively as a shock weapon in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_De%27an" title="Siege of De'an">siege of De'an</a> in 1132. In the 13th century, fire lance barrels were replaced with metal tubes and transformed into the metal-barreled <a href="/wiki/Hand_cannon" title="Hand cannon">hand cannon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade201652_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade201652-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The technology gradually spread throughout <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> during the 14th century. Older firearms typically used black powder as a <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a>, but modern firearms use <a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">smokeless powder</a> or other explosive propellants. Most modern firearms (with the notable exception of <a href="/wiki/Smoothbore" title="Smoothbore">smoothbore</a> <a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">shotguns</a>) have <a href="/wiki/Rifling" title="Rifling">rifled</a> barrels to impart spin to the <a href="/wiki/Projectile" title="Projectile">projectile</a> for improved flight stability. </p><p>Modern firearms can be described by their <a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">caliber</a> (i.e. bore diameter). For pistols and rifles this is given in millimeters or inches (e.g. 7.62mm or .308 in.); in the case of shotguns, <a href="/wiki/Gauge_(bore_diameter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauge (bore diameter)">gauge or bore</a> (e.g. 12 ga. or .410 bore.). They are also described by the type of action employed (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">muzzleloader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">breechloader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lever_action" title="Lever action">lever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">bolt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pump_action" title="Pump action">pump</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">revolver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_firearm" title="Semi-automatic firearm">semi-automatic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automatic_firearm" title="Automatic firearm">fully automatic</a>, etc.), together with the usual means of deportment (i.e. hand-held or mechanical mounting). Further classification may make reference to the type of <a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">barrel</a> used (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Rifling" title="Rifling">rifled</a>) and to the barrel length (e.g. 24 inches), to the firing mechanism (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Matchlock" title="Matchlock">matchlock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheellock" title="Wheellock">wheellock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">flintlock</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Percussion_lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion lock">percussion lock</a>), to the design's primary intended use (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> rifle), or to the commonly accepted name for a particular variation (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling gun</a>). </p><p>Shooters aim firearms at their targets with <a href="/wiki/Hand-eye_coordination" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand-eye coordination">hand-eye coordination</a>, using either <a href="/wiki/Iron_sights" title="Iron sights">iron sights</a> or <a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">optical sights</a>. The accurate range of <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistols</a> generally does not exceed 100 metres (110 yd; 330 ft), while most <a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">rifles</a> are accurate to 500 metres (550 yd; 1,600 ft) using iron sights, or to longer ranges whilst using optical sights. Purpose-built <a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">sniper rifles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-materiel_rifle" title="Anti-materiel rifle">anti-materiel rifles</a> are accurate to ranges of more than 2,000 metres (2,200 yd). (Firearm rounds may be dangerous or lethal well beyond their accurate range; the minimum distance for safety is much greater than the specified range for accuracy.) </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-4"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more detailed list of common firearms, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_firearms" title="List of firearms">List of firearms</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-produced_firearms" title="List of most-produced firearms">List of most-produced firearms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Arms and Light Weapons">Small Arms and Light Weapons</a>.</div><p>A firearm is a <a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">barreled</a> <a href="/wiki/Ranged_weapon" title="Ranged weapon">ranged weapon</a> that inflicts damage on targets by launching one or more <a href="/wiki/Projectile" title="Projectile">projectiles</a> driven by rapidly expanding high-pressure gas produced by <a href="/wiki/Exothermic_reaction" title="Exothermic reaction">exothermic</a> combustion (<a href="/wiki/Deflagration" title="Deflagration">deflagration</a>) of a chemical <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a>, historically <a href="/wiki/Black_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Black powder">black powder</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">smokeless powder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cole_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Merriam-webster.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merriam-webster.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Firearm_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Firearm-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the military, firearms are categorized into <i>heavy</i> and <i>light</i> weapons regarding their portability by <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a>. Light firearms are those that can be readily carried by individual <a href="/wiki/Foot_soldier" class="mw-redirect" title="Foot soldier">foot soldier</a>, though they might still require more than one individual (<a href="/wiki/Crew-served_weapon" title="Crew-served weapon">crew-served</a>) to achieve optimal operational capacity. Heavy firearms are those that are too large and heavy to be transported on foot, or too unstable against <a href="/wiki/Recoil" title="Recoil">recoil</a>, and thus require the support of a <a href="/wiki/Weapons_platform" title="Weapons platform">weapons platform</a> (e.g. a <a href="/wiki/Weapon_mount#Static_mount" title="Weapon mount">fixed mount</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gun_carriage" title="Gun carriage">wheeled carriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> or <a href="/wiki/Water_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Water vessel">water vessel</a>) to be tactically <a href="/wiki/Mobility_(military)" title="Mobility (military)">mobile</a> or useful. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Subset" title="Subset">subset</a> of light firearms that only use <a href="/wiki/Projectile#Kinetic_projectiles" title="Projectile">kinetic projectiles</a> and are compact enough to be operated to full capacity by a single infantryman (individual-served) are also referred to as <b>small arms</b>. Such firearms include <a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">handguns</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">revolvers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Derringer" title="Derringer">derringers</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Long_gun" title="Long gun">long guns</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">rifles</a> (and their subtypes), <a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">shotguns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine guns</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_armament_manufacturers" title="List of modern armament manufacturers">arms manufacturers</a>, the top firearms manufacturers are <a href="/wiki/Browning_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Browning Arms">Browning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Remington_Arms" title="Remington Arms">Remington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colt_Defense" title="Colt Defense">Colt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sturm,_Ruger_%26_Co." title="Sturm, Ruger & Co.">Ruger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson" title="Smith & Wesson">Smith & Wesson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savage_Arms" title="Savage Arms">Savage</a>, <a href="/wiki/O.F._Mossberg_%26_Sons" title="O.F. Mossberg & Sons">Mossberg</a> (United States), <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch" title="Heckler & Koch">Heckler & Koch</a>, <a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer" title="SIG Sauer">SIG Sauer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Walther_GmbH" title="Carl Walther GmbH">Walther</a> (Germany), <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1_zbrojovka_Uhersk%C3%BD_Brod" title="Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod">ČZUB</a> (Czech Republic), <a href="/wiki/Glock_Ges.m.b.H." title="Glock Ges.m.b.H.">Glock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steyr_Arms" title="Steyr Arms">Steyr Arms</a> (Austria), <a href="/wiki/FN_Herstal" title="FN Herstal">FN Herstal</a> (Belgium), <a href="/wiki/Beretta" title="Beretta">Beretta</a> (Italy), <a href="/wiki/Norinco" title="Norinco">Norinco</a> (China), <a href="/wiki/Rostec" title="Rostec">Rostec</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kalashnikov_Concern" title="Kalashnikov Concern">Kalashnikov</a> (Russia). Former top producers included the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield Armory</a> (United States), the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Small_Arms_Factory" title="Royal Small Arms Factory">Royal Small Arms Factory</a> (United Kingdom), <a href="/wiki/Mauser" title="Mauser">Mauser</a> (Germany), <a href="/wiki/Steyr-Daimler-Puch" title="Steyr-Daimler-Puch">Steyr-Daimler-Puch</a> (Austria), and Rock Island Armory under <a href="/wiki/Armscor_(Philippines)" title="Armscor (Philippines)">Armscor</a> (Philippines).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Firearm&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_Survey" title="Small Arms Survey">Small Arms Survey</a> reported that there were over one billion firearms distributed globally, of which 857 million (about 85 percent) were in <a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">civilian</a> hands.<sup id="cite_ref-smallarmssurvey.org_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smallarmssurvey.org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. civilians alone account for 393 million (about 46 percent) of the worldwide total of civilian-held firearms.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This amounts to "120.5 firearms for every 100 residents".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The world's <a href="/wiki/Armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces">armed forces</a> control about 133 million (about 13 percent) of the global total of small arms, of which over 43 percent belong to two countries: the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> (30.3 million) and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> (27.5 million).<sup id="cite_ref-smallarmssurvey.org_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smallarmssurvey.org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency" title="Law enforcement agency">Law enforcement agencies</a> control about 23 million (about 2 percent) of the global total of small arms.<sup id="cite_ref-smallarmssurvey.org_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smallarmssurvey.org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handguns">Handguns</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">Handgun</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colt_Autentica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Colt_Autentica.jpg/220px-Colt_Autentica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Colt_Autentica.jpg/330px-Colt_Autentica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Colt_Autentica.jpg/440px-Colt_Autentica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Colt_Single_Action_Army" title="Colt Single Action Army">Colt Single Action Army</a>, a revolver chambered in <a href="/wiki/.45_Colt" title=".45 Colt">.45 Colt</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glock_19_Gen_4_pistol.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Glock_19_Gen_4_pistol.JPG/220px-Glock_19_Gen_4_pistol.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Glock_19_Gen_4_pistol.JPG/330px-Glock_19_Gen_4_pistol.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Glock_19_Gen_4_pistol.JPG/440px-Glock_19_Gen_4_pistol.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4265" data-file-height="3123" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Glock_19" class="mw-redirect" title="Glock 19">Glock 19</a>, a pistol chambered in <a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9×19mm Parabellum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>handgun</i> is, as defined generally and in many <a href="/wiki/Gun_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun laws">gun laws</a>, a firearm that can be used with a single hand.<sup id="cite_ref-act60of2000_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act60of2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-www5.austlii.edu.au_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www5.austlii.edu.au-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are the smallest of all firearms, and are common as <a href="/wiki/Sidearm_(weapon)" title="Sidearm (weapon)">sidearms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concealed_carry" title="Concealed carry">concealed carry</a> weapons, or as <a href="/wiki/Ancillary_weapon" title="Ancillary weapon">backup weapons</a> for <a href="/wiki/Self-defense" title="Self-defense">self-defense</a>. </p><p>Handguns can be categorized into two broad types: <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistols</a>, which have a single fixed firing chamber machined into the rear of the barrel, and are often loaded using magazines of varying capacities; <a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">revolvers</a>, which have a number of firing chambers or "charge holes" in a <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(firearms)" title="Cylinder (firearms)">revolving cylinder</a>, each one loaded with a single <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridge</a> or charge; and <a href="/wiki/Derringer" title="Derringer">derringers</a>, broadly defined as any handgun that is not a traditional pistol nor a revolver. </p><p>There are various types of the aforementioned handguns designed for different mechanisms or purposes, such as <a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">single-shot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lever_action" title="Lever action">manual repeating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_pistol" title="Semi-automatic pistol">semi-automatic</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Machine_pistol" title="Machine pistol">automatic</a> pistols; <a href="/wiki/Single-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-action">single-action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)#Double-action_only" title="Trigger (firearms)">double-action</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)#Double-action/single-action" title="Trigger (firearms)">double-action/single-action</a> revolvers; and small, compact handguns for concealed carry such as <a href="/wiki/Pocket_pistol" title="Pocket pistol">pocket pistols</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Saturday_night_special" title="Saturday night special">Saturday night specials</a>". </p><p>Examples of pistols include the <a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Browning_Hi-Power" title="Browning Hi-Power">Browning Hi-Power</a>, <a href="/wiki/M1911_pistol" title="M1911 pistol">M1911 pistol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makarov_pistol" title="Makarov pistol">Makarov pistol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walther_PP" title="Walther PP">Walther PP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luger_pistol" title="Luger pistol">Luger pistol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauser_C96" title="Mauser C96">Mauser C96</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beretta_92" title="Beretta 92">Beretta 92</a>. Examples of revolvers include the <a href="/wiki/Colt_Single_Action_Army" title="Colt Single Action Army">Colt Single Action Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson_Model_10" title="Smith & Wesson Model 10">Smith & Wesson Model 10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colt_Official_Police" title="Colt Official Police">Colt Official Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colt_Python" title="Colt Python">Colt Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Nambu_M60" title="New Nambu M60">New Nambu M60</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mateba_Autorevolver" title="Mateba Autorevolver">Mateba Autorevolver</a>. Examples of derringers include the <a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_95" title="Remington Model 95">Remington Model 95</a>, <a href="/wiki/FP-45_Liberator" title="FP-45 Liberator">FP-45 Liberator</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COP_.357_Derringer" title="COP .357 Derringer">COP .357 Derringer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long_guns">Long guns</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Long_gun" title="Long gun">Long gun</a></div> <p>A <i>long gun</i> is any firearm with a notably long barrel, typically a length of 10 to 30 inches (250 to 760 mm) (there are restrictions on minimum barrel length in many jurisdictions; maximum barrel length is usually a matter of practicality). Unlike a handgun, long guns are designed to be held and fired with both hands, while braced against either the hip or the shoulder for better stability. The receiver and trigger group is mounted into a stock made of wood, plastic, metal, or composite material, which has sections that form a foregrip, rear grip, and optionally (but typically) a shoulder mount called the <i>butt</i>. Early long arms, from the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> up to the mid-19th century, were generally smoothbore firearms that fired one or more ball shot, called <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">muskets</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebuses</a> depending on caliber and firing mechanism. Since the 19th and 20th centuries, various types of long guns have been created for different purposes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rifles">Rifles</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bastogne_War_Museum_Mosin-Nagant_Model_1944_27-02-2021_11-13-43.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bastogne_War_Museum_Mosin-Nagant_Model_1944_27-02-2021_11-13-43.jpg/220px-Bastogne_War_Museum_Mosin-Nagant_Model_1944_27-02-2021_11-13-43.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bastogne_War_Museum_Mosin-Nagant_Model_1944_27-02-2021_11-13-43.jpg/330px-Bastogne_War_Museum_Mosin-Nagant_Model_1944_27-02-2021_11-13-43.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bastogne_War_Museum_Mosin-Nagant_Model_1944_27-02-2021_11-13-43.jpg/440px-Bastogne_War_Museum_Mosin-Nagant_Model_1944_27-02-2021_11-13-43.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4233" data-file-height="1612" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mosin%E2%80%93Nagant" title="Mosin–Nagant">Mosin–Nagant</a>, a rifle chambered in <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9754mmR" title="7.62×54mmR">7.62×54mmR</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>rifle</i> is a long gun that has <a href="/wiki/Rifling" title="Rifling">riflings</a> (spiral grooves) machined into the <a href="/wiki/Gauge_(firearms)" title="Gauge (firearms)">bore</a> (inner) surface of its barrel, imparting a gyroscopically stabilizing spin to the <a href="/wiki/Bullet" title="Bullet">bullets</a> that it fires. A descendant of the musket, rifles produce a single point of impact with each firing with a long range and high accuracy. For this reason, as well as for their ubiquity, rifles are very popular among militaries as <a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">service rifles</a>, police as accurate long-range alternatives to their traditional <a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">shotgun</a> long guns, and civilians for <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">shooting sports</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Self-defense" title="Self-defense">self-defense</a>. </p><p>Many types of rifles exist owing to their wide adoption and versatility, ranging from mere barrel length differences as in <a href="/wiki/Short-barreled_rifle" title="Short-barreled rifle">short-barreled rifles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">carbines</a>, to classifications per the rifle's function and purpose as in <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_rifle" title="Semi-automatic rifle">semi-automatic rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automatic_rifle" title="Automatic rifle">automatic rifles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">sniper rifles</a>, to differences in the rifle's action as in <a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">single-shot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Break-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Break-action">break-action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolt-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt-action">bolt-action</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lever-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Lever-action">lever-action</a> rifles. </p><p>Examples of rifles of various types include the <a href="/wiki/Henry_rifle" title="Henry rifle">Henry rifle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winchester_rifle" title="Winchester rifle">Winchester rifle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gewehr_98" title="Gewehr 98">Gewehr 98</a>, <a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a>, <a href="/wiki/MAS-36_rifle" title="MAS-36 rifle">MAS-36 rifle</a>, <a href="/wiki/AKM" title="AKM">AKM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruger_10/22" title="Ruger 10/22">Ruger 10/22</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_G3" title="Heckler & Koch G3">Heckler & Koch G3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_700" title="Remington Model 700">Remington Model 700</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_HK417" title="Heckler & Koch HK417">Heckler & Koch HK417</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shotguns">Shotguns</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">Shotgun</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mossberg_500a_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mossberg_500a_1.jpg/220px-Mossberg_500a_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mossberg_500a_1.jpg/330px-Mossberg_500a_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Mossberg_500a_1.jpg/440px-Mossberg_500a_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mossberg_500" title="Mossberg 500">Mossberg 500</a>, a shotgun chambered in <a href="/wiki/12-gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="12-gauge">12-gauge</a></figcaption></figure><p>A <i>shotgun</i> is a long gun that has a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Smoothbore" title="Smoothbore">smoothbore</a> barrel—meaning it lacks rifling—designed to fire a number of <a href="/wiki/Shot_(pellet)" title="Shot (pellet)">shot pellets</a> in each discharge. These shot pellet sizes commonly range between 2 mm #9 birdshot and 8.4 mm #00 (double-aught) buckshot, and produce a cluster of impact points with considerably less range and accuracy, since <a href="/wiki/Shotgun_shell#Spread" class="mw-redirect" title="Shotgun shell">shot spreads</a> during flight. Shotguns are also capable of firing single solid projectiles called <a href="/wiki/Shotgun_slug" title="Shotgun slug">slugs</a>, or specialty (often "<a href="/wiki/Non-lethal_weapon" title="Non-lethal weapon">less lethal</a>") munitions such as <a href="/wiki/Bean_bag_round" title="Bean bag round">bean bags</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> to function as a <a href="/wiki/Riot_gun" title="Riot gun">riot gun</a> or <a href="/wiki/Breaching_round" title="Breaching round">breaching rounds</a> to function as a <a href="/wiki/Door_breaching" title="Door breaching">door breaching</a> shotgun. Shotgun munitions, regardless of type, are packed into <a href="/wiki/Shotgun_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Shotgun shell">shotgun shells</a> (cartridges designed specifically for shotguns) that are loaded into the shotgun for use; these shells are commonly loose and manually loaded one-by-one, though some shotguns accept magazines. </p><p>Shotguns share many qualities with rifles, such as both being descendants of early long guns such as the musket; both having <a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">single-shot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Break-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Break-action">break-action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolt-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt-action">bolt-action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lever-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Lever-action">lever-action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pump-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Pump-action">pump-action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_shotgun" title="Semi-automatic shotgun">semi-automatic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Automatic_shotgun" title="Automatic shotgun">automatic</a> variants; and both being popular with militaries, police, and civilians for largely the same reasons. However, unlike rifles, shotguns are less favored in combat roles due to their low accuracy and limited effectiveness in <a href="/wiki/Modern_warfare" title="Modern warfare">modern warfare</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Combat_shotgun" title="Combat shotgun">combat shotguns</a> often only used for breaching or <a href="/wiki/Close-quarters_combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Close-quarters combat">close-quarters combat</a> and sometimes limited to underbarrel attachments such as the <a href="/wiki/M26_Modular_Accessory_Shotgun_System" title="M26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System">M26 Modular Accessory Shotgun System</a>. Shotguns are still popular with civilians for the suitability of their shot spread in hunting, <a href="/wiki/Clay_pigeon_shooting" title="Clay pigeon shooting">clay pigeon shooting</a>, and home defense. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Double-barreled_shotgun" title="Double-barreled shotgun">Double-barreled shotguns</a> are break-action shotguns with two parallel barrels (horizontal side-by-side or vertical over-and-under), allowing two single shots that can be loaded and fired in quick succession. </p><p>Examples of shotguns include the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Model_1897" title="Winchester Model 1897">Winchester Model 1897</a>, <a href="/wiki/Browning_Auto-5" title="Browning Auto-5">Browning Auto-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ithaca_37" title="Ithaca 37">Ithaca 37</a>, <a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_870" title="Remington Model 870">Remington Model 870</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mossberg_500" title="Mossberg 500">Mossberg 500</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benelli_M4" title="Benelli M4">Benelli M4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franchi_SPAS-12" title="Franchi SPAS-12">Franchi SPAS-12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atchisson_AA-12" title="Atchisson AA-12">Atchisson AA-12</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Armament_Company_Masterkey" title="Knight's Armament Company Masterkey">Knight's Armament Company Masterkey</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Carbines">Carbines</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">Carbine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1_Carbine_Mk_I_-_USA_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG_croped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/M1_Carbine_Mk_I_-_USA_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG_croped.jpg/220px-M1_Carbine_Mk_I_-_USA_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG_croped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/M1_Carbine_Mk_I_-_USA_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG_croped.jpg/330px-M1_Carbine_Mk_I_-_USA_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG_croped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/M1_Carbine_Mk_I_-_USA_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG_croped.jpg/440px-M1_Carbine_Mk_I_-_USA_-_Arm%C3%A9museum_noBG_croped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2050" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/M1_carbine" title="M1 carbine">M1 carbine</a>, a uniquely-designed carbine, chambered in <a href="/wiki/.30_carbine" title=".30 carbine">.30 carbine</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coltm4a1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Coltm4a1.jpeg/220px-Coltm4a1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Coltm4a1.jpeg/330px-Coltm4a1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Coltm4a1.jpeg/440px-Coltm4a1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="1434" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/M4_carbine" title="M4 carbine">M4 carbine</a>, a carbine derivative of the <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16 rifle</a>, chambered in <a href="/wiki/5.56%C3%9745mm_NATO" title="5.56×45mm NATO">5.56×45mm NATO</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>carbine</i> is a long gun, usually a rifle, that has had its barrel shortened from its original length or is of a certain size smaller than standard rifles, but is still large enough to be considered a long gun. How considerable the difference is between a rifle and a carbine varies; for example, the standard <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_G36" title="Heckler & Koch G36">Heckler & Koch G36</a>'s barrel has a length of 480 mm (18.9 in), the G36K carbine variant's barrel is 318 mm (12.5 in), and the G36C compact variant's barrel is 228 mm (9.0 in). Some carbines are also redesigned compared to their rifle counterparts, such as the aforementioned G36/G36K and G36C, or the <a href="/wiki/AK-74" title="AK-74">AK-74</a> and <a href="/wiki/AKS-74U" class="mw-redirect" title="AKS-74U">AKS-74U</a>. However, some carbines, such as the <a href="/wiki/M1_carbine" title="M1 carbine">M1 carbine</a>, are not a variant of any existing design and are their own firearm model. Carbines are regardless very similar to rifles and often have the same actions (single-shot, lever-action, bolt-action, semi-automatic, automatic, etc.). This similarity has given carbines the alternate name of <i>short barreled rifle</i> (SBR), though this more accurately describes a full-size rifle with a shortened carbine-style barrel for close-quarters use. </p><p>The small size of a carbine provides lighter weight and better maneuverability, making them ideal for <a href="/wiki/Close-quarters_combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Close-quarters combat">close-quarters combat</a> and storage in compact areas. This makes them popular firearms among <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">special forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Police_tactical_unit" title="Police tactical unit">police tactical units</a> alongside <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine guns</a>, considerably so since the late 1990s due to the familiarity and better <a href="/wiki/Stopping_power" title="Stopping power">stopping power</a> of carbines compared to submachine guns. They are also popular with (and were originally mostly intended for) military personnel in roles that are expected to engage in combat, but where a full-size rifle would be an impediment to the primary duties of that soldier (<a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">logistical</a> personnel, <a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">airborne forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Military engineers">military engineers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officers</a>, etc.), though since the turn of the millennium these have been superseded to a degree in some roles by <a href="/wiki/Personal_defense_weapon" title="Personal defense weapon">personal defense weapons</a>. Carbines are also common among civilian firearm owners who have size, space, and power concerns similar to military and police users. </p><p>Examples of carbines include the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Model_1892" title="Winchester Model 1892">Winchester Model 1892</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rifle_No._5_Mk_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifle No. 5 Mk I">Rifle No. 5 Mk I</a>, <a href="/wiki/SKS" title="SKS">SKS</a>, <a href="/wiki/M1_carbine" title="M1 carbine">M1 carbine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruger_Mini-14" title="Ruger Mini-14">Ruger Mini-14</a>, <a href="/wiki/M4_carbine" title="M4 carbine">M4 carbine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kel-Tec_SUB-2000" title="Kel-Tec SUB-2000">Kel-Tec SUB-2000</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Assault_rifles">Assault rifles</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">Assault rifle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalaschnikow_AK_107_noBG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Kalaschnikow_AK_107_noBG.png/220px-Kalaschnikow_AK_107_noBG.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Kalaschnikow_AK_107_noBG.png/330px-Kalaschnikow_AK_107_noBG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Kalaschnikow_AK_107_noBG.png/440px-Kalaschnikow_AK_107_noBG.png 2x" data-file-width="2350" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/AK-107" title="AK-107">AK-107</a>, an assault rifle chambered in <a href="/wiki/5.45%C3%9739mm" title="5.45×39mm">5.45×39mm</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An <i>assault rifle</i> is commonly defined as a <a href="/wiki/Selective_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective fire">selective-fire</a> rifle chambered in an <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_cartridge" title="Intermediate cartridge">intermediate cartridge</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/5.56%C3%9745mm_NATO" title="5.56×45mm NATO">5.56×45mm NATO</a>, <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9739mm" title="7.62×39mm">7.62×39mm</a>, <a href="/wiki/5.45%C3%9739mm" title="5.45×39mm">5.45×39mm</a>, and <a href="/wiki/.300_AAC_Blackout" title=".300 AAC Blackout">.300 AAC Blackout</a>) and fed with a detachable <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">magazine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BritanicaDef_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritanicaDef-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Musgave,_Daniel_D._1967_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Musgave,_Daniel_D._1967-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assault rifles are also usually smaller than full-sized rifles such as <a href="/wiki/Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">battle rifles</a>. </p><p>Originating with the <a href="/wiki/StG_44" title="StG 44">StG 44</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, assault rifles have since become extremely popular among militaries and other armed groups due to their universal versatility, and they have made up the vast majority of standard-issue military <a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">service rifles</a> since the mid-20th century. Various configurations of assault rifle exist, such as the <a href="/wiki/Bullpup" title="Bullpup">bullpup</a>, in which the firing grip is located in front of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_(firearms)" title="Chamber (firearms)">breech</a> instead of behind it. </p><p>Examples of assault rifles include the <a href="/wiki/Kalashnikov_rifle" title="Kalashnikov rifle">Kalashnikov rifles</a> of Soviet and Russian origin (such as the <a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47</a>, <a href="/wiki/AKM" title="AKM">AKM</a>, and <a href="/wiki/AK-74" title="AK-74">AK-74</a>), as well as the American <a href="/wiki/M4_carbine" title="M4 carbine">M4 carbine</a> and <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16 rifle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_rifles">Battle rifles</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">Battle rifle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FN_FAL_compilation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/FN_FAL_compilation.jpg/220px-FN_FAL_compilation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/FN_FAL_compilation.jpg/330px-FN_FAL_compilation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/FN_FAL_compilation.jpg/440px-FN_FAL_compilation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/FN_FAL" title="FN FAL">FN FAL</a>, a battle rifle chambered in <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>battle rifle</i> is commonly defined as a semi-automatic or selective-fire rifle that is larger or longer than an assault rifle and is chambered in a "full-power" cartridge (e.g. <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a>, <a href="/wiki/7.92%C3%9757mm_Mauser" title="7.92×57mm Mauser">7.92×57mm Mauser</a>, <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9754mmR" title="7.62×54mmR">7.62×54mmR</a>). The term originated as a <a href="/wiki/Retronym" title="Retronym">retronym</a> to differentiate older full-powered rifles of these configurations like the <a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a>, from newer assault rifles using <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_cartridge" title="Intermediate cartridge">intermediate cartridges</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_HK33" title="Heckler & Koch HK33">Heckler & Koch HK33</a>, but it is sometimes used to describe similar modern rifles such as the <a href="/wiki/FN_SCAR" title="FN SCAR">FN SCAR</a>. </p><p>Battle rifles serve similar purposes as assault rifles, as they both are usually employed by ground infantry for essentially the same purposes. However, some prefer battle rifles for their more powerful cartridge, despite the added recoil. Some designated marksman rifles are configured from battle rifles, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mk_14_Enhanced_Battle_Rifle" title="Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle">Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Designated_Marksman_Rifle" title="United States Marine Corps Designated Marksman Rifle">United States Marine Corps Designated Marksman Rifle</a>, both essentially heavily modified and modernized variants of the <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14 rifle</a>. </p><p>Examples of rifles considered to be battle rifles include the <a href="/wiki/FG_42" title="FG 42">FG 42</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gewehr_43" title="Gewehr 43">Gewehr 43</a>, <a href="/wiki/FN_FAL" title="FN FAL">FN FAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howa_Type_64" title="Howa Type 64">Howa Type 64</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Desert_Tech_MDR" title="Desert Tech MDR">Desert Tech MDR</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sniper_rifles">Sniper rifles</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">Sniper rifle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G22_ohne_Schalldaempfer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/G22_ohne_Schalldaempfer.jpg/260px-G22_ohne_Schalldaempfer.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/G22_ohne_Schalldaempfer.jpg/390px-G22_ohne_Schalldaempfer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/G22_ohne_Schalldaempfer.jpg/520px-G22_ohne_Schalldaempfer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Accuracy_International_Arctic_Warfare" title="Accuracy International Arctic Warfare">Accuracy International Arctic Warfare</a>, a sniper rifle chambered in <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a> and <a href="/wiki/.308_Winchester" title=".308 Winchester">.308 Winchester</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M107_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/M107_1.jpg/220px-M107_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/M107_1.jpg/330px-M107_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/M107_1.jpg/440px-M107_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Barrett_M82" title="Barrett M82">Barrett M82</a>, an anti-materiel rifle chambered in <a href="/wiki/.50_BMG" title=".50 BMG">.50 BMG</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>sniper rifle</i> is, per widespread definition, a high-powered precision rifle, often <a href="/wiki/Bolt-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt-action">bolt-action</a> or semi-automatic, with an <a href="/wiki/Effective_range" title="Effective range">effective range</a> farther than that of a standard rifle. Though any rifle in a sniper configuration (usually with a <a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">telescopic sight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bipod" title="Bipod">bipod</a>) can be considered a sniper rifle, most sniper rifles are purpose-built for their applications, or are variants of existing rifles that have been modified to function as sniper rifles, such as the <a href="/wiki/Type_97_sniper_rifle" title="Type 97 sniper rifle">Type 97 sniper rifle</a>, which was essentially a standard <a href="/wiki/Type_38_rifle" title="Type 38 rifle">Type 38 rifle</a> that was modified to be lighter and come with a telescopic sight. </p><p>Related developments are <a href="/wiki/Anti-materiel_rifle" title="Anti-materiel rifle">anti-materiel rifles</a>, large-caliber rifles designed to destroy enemy <a href="/wiki/Materiel" title="Materiel">materiel</a> such as vehicles, supplies, or hardware; <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_rifle" title="Anti-tank rifle">anti-tank rifles</a>, anti-materiel rifles that were designed specifically to combat early <a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">armoured fighting vehicles</a>, but are now largely obsolete due to advances in <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_armour" title="Vehicle armour">vehicle armour</a>; <a href="/wiki/Scout_rifle" title="Scout rifle">scout rifles</a>, a broad class of rifles generally summed up as short, lightweight, portable sniper rifles; and <a href="/wiki/Designated_marksman_rifle" title="Designated marksman rifle">designated marksman rifles</a>, semi-automatic high-precision rifles, usually chambered in intermediate or full-power cartridges, that fill the range gap between sniper rifles and regular rifles and are designed for <a href="/wiki/Designated_marksmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Designated marksmen">designated marksmen</a> in squads. </p><p>Examples of sniper and scout rifles include the <a href="/wiki/M40_rifle" title="M40 rifle">M40 rifle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_PSG1" title="Heckler & Koch PSG1">Heckler & Koch PSG1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walther_WA_2000" title="Walther WA 2000">Walther WA 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/Accuracy_International_AWM" title="Accuracy International AWM">Accuracy International AWM</a>, <a href="/wiki/M24_Sniper_Weapon_System" class="mw-redirect" title="M24 Sniper Weapon System">M24 Sniper Weapon System</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steyr_Scout" title="Steyr Scout">Steyr Scout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sako_TRG" title="Sako TRG">Sako TRG</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CheyTac_Intervention" title="CheyTac Intervention">CheyTac Intervention</a>. Examples of anti-materiel and anti-tank rifles include the <a href="/wiki/Mauser_Tankgewehr_M1918" title="Mauser Tankgewehr M1918">Mauser Tankgewehr M1918</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boys_anti-tank_rifle" title="Boys anti-tank rifle">Boys anti-tank rifle</a>, <a href="/wiki/PTRS-41" title="PTRS-41">PTRS-41</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrett_M82" title="Barrett M82">Barrett M82</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gep%C3%A1rd_anti-materiel_rifle" title="Gepárd anti-materiel rifle">Gepárd anti-materiel rifle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/McMillan_TAC-50" title="McMillan TAC-50">McMillan TAC-50</a>. Examples of designated marksman rifles include the <a href="/wiki/SVD_(rifle)" title="SVD (rifle)">SVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/SR-25" title="SR-25">SR-25</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dragunov_SVU" title="Dragunov SVU">Dragunov SVU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_Scout_Sniper_Rifle" title="Marine Scout Sniper Rifle">Marine Scout Sniper Rifle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mk_14_Enhanced_Battle_Rifle" title="Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle">Mk 14 Enhanced Battle Rifle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/M110_Semi-Automatic_Sniper_System" title="M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System">M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Automatic_rifles">Automatic rifles</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Automatic_rifle" title="Automatic rifle">Automatic rifle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AVS-36_AM.068386_(2)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/AVS-36_AM.068386_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-AVS-36_AM.068386_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/AVS-36_AM.068386_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-AVS-36_AM.068386_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/AVS-36_AM.068386_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-AVS-36_AM.068386_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/AVS-36" title="AVS-36">AVS-36</a>, an automatic rifle chambered in <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9754mmR" title="7.62×54mmR">7.62×54mmR</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An <i>automatic rifle</i> is a magazine-fed rifle that is capable of automatic fire. They include most assault rifles and battle rifles, but originated as their own category of rifles capable of automatic fire, as opposed to the bolt-action and semi-automatic rifles commonly issued to infantry at the time of their invention. They usually have smaller magazine capacities than <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a>; the French <a href="/wiki/Chauchat" title="Chauchat">Chauchat</a> had a 20-round box magazine, while the <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_Mle_1914_machine_gun" title="Hotchkiss Mle 1914 machine gun">Hotchkiss Mle 1914 machine gun</a>, the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a>'s standard machine gun at the time, was fed by a 250-round <a href="/wiki/Ammunition_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammunition belt">ammunition belt</a>. </p><p>Though automatic rifles are sometimes considered to be their own category, they are also occasionally considered to be other types of firearms that postdated their invention, usually as <a href="/wiki/Light_machine_gun" title="Light machine gun">light machine guns</a>. Automatic rifles are sometimes confused with machine guns or vice versa, or are defined as such by law; the <a href="/wiki/National_Firearms_Act" title="National Firearms Act">National Firearms Act</a> and <a href="/wiki/Firearm_Owners_Protection_Act" title="Firearm Owners Protection Act">Firearm Owners Protection Act</a> define a "machine gun" in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> <i>Title 26, Subtitle E, Chapter 53, Subchapter B, Part 1, § 5845</i> as "... any firearm which shoots ... automatically more than one shot, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger". "Machine gun" is therefore largely synonymous with "automatic weapon" in American civilian parlance, covering all automatic firearms. In most jurisdictions, automatic rifles, as well as automatic firearms in general, are prohibited from civilian purchase or are at least heavily restricted; in the U.S. for instance, most automatic rifles are <a href="/wiki/Title_II_weapons" title="Title II weapons">Title II weapons</a> that require certain licenses and are greatly regulated. </p><p>Examples of automatic rifles include the <a href="/wiki/Cei-Rigotti" title="Cei-Rigotti">Cei-Rigotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fedorov_Avtomat" title="Fedorov Avtomat">Fedorov Avtomat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/M1918_Browning_automatic_rifle" title="M1918 Browning automatic rifle">M1918 Browning automatic rifle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Machine_guns">Machine guns</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine gun</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M60_machine_gun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/M60_machine_gun.jpg/220px-M60_machine_gun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/M60_machine_gun.jpg/330px-M60_machine_gun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/M60_machine_gun.jpg/440px-M60_machine_gun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/M60_machine_gun" title="M60 machine gun">M60</a>, a general-purpose machine gun chambered in <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a></figcaption></figure><p>A <i>machine gun</i> is a fully-automatic firearm, chambered in intermediate or full-power rifle cartridges, designed to provide sustained automatic <a href="/wiki/Direct_fire" title="Direct fire">direct fire</a> as opposed to the semi-automatic or <a href="/wiki/Burst_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Burst fire">burst fire</a> of standard rifles. They are commonly associated with being <a href="/wiki/Belt-fed" class="mw-redirect" title="Belt-fed">belt-fed</a>, though many machine guns are also fed by box, drum, pan, or hopper magazines. They generally have a high <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">rate of fire</a> and a large ammunition capacity, and are often used for <a href="/wiki/Suppressive_fire" title="Suppressive fire">suppressive fire</a> to support infantry advances or defend positions from enemy assaults. Owing to their versatility and firepower, they are also commonly installed on <a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle" title="Military vehicle">military vehicles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft" title="Military aircraft">military aircraft</a>, either as main or <a href="/wiki/Ancillary_weapon" title="Ancillary weapon">ancillary weapons</a>. Many machine guns are individual-served and can be operated by a single soldier, though some are <a href="/wiki/Crew-served_weapon" title="Crew-served weapon">crew-served weapons</a> that require a dedicated crew of soldiers to operate, usually between two and six soldiers depending on the machine gun's operation and the crew members' roles (ammunition bearers, spotters, etc.). </p><p>Machine guns can be divided into three categories: <a href="/wiki/Light_machine_gun" title="Light machine gun">light machine guns</a>, individual-served machine guns of an <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_cartridge" title="Intermediate cartridge">intermediate cartridge</a> that are usually magazine-fed; <a href="/wiki/Medium_machine_gun" title="Medium machine gun">medium machine guns</a>, belt-fed machine guns of a full-power caliber and a certain weight that can be operated by an individual but tend to work best with a crew; and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_machine_gun" title="Heavy machine gun">heavy machine guns</a>, machine guns that are too large and heavy to be carried and are thus <a href="/wiki/Weapon_mount" title="Weapon mount">mounted</a> to something (like a <a href="/wiki/Tripod" title="Tripod">tripod</a> or <a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle" title="Military vehicle">military vehicle</a>), and require a crew to operate. A <a href="/wiki/General-purpose_machine_gun" title="General-purpose machine gun">general-purpose machine gun</a> combines these categories under a single flexible machine gun platform, often one that is most suitable as a light or medium machine gun but fares well as a heavy machine gun. A closely related concept is the <a href="/wiki/Squad_automatic_weapon" title="Squad automatic weapon">squad automatic weapon</a>, a portable light machine gun or even a modified rifle that is designed and fielded to provide a <a href="/wiki/Squad" title="Squad">squad</a> with rapid <a href="/wiki/Direct_fire" title="Direct fire">direct fire</a>. </p><p>Examples of machine guns include the <a href="/wiki/Maxim_gun" title="Maxim gun">Maxim gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2 Browning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bren_light_machine_gun" title="Bren light machine gun">Bren light machine gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/MG_42" title="MG 42">MG 42</a>, <a href="/wiki/PK_machine_gun" title="PK machine gun">PK machine gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/FN_MAG" title="FN MAG">FN MAG</a>, <a href="/wiki/M249_light_machine_gun" title="M249 light machine gun">M249 light machine gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/RPK" title="RPK">RPK</a>, <a href="/wiki/IWI_Negev" title="IWI Negev">IWI Negev</a>, and <a href="/wiki/M134_Minigun" title="M134 Minigun">M134 Minigun</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Submachine_guns">Submachine guns</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">Submachine gun</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5-1.jpg/220px-Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5-1.jpg/330px-Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5-1.jpg/440px-Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5" title="Heckler & Koch MP5">Heckler & Koch MP5</a>, a submachine gun chambered in <a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9×19mm Parabellum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>submachine gun</i> is a magazine-fed carbine chambered in a small-caliber <a href="/wiki/Handgun_cartridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Handgun cartridge">handgun cartridge</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9×19mm Parabellum</a>, <a href="/wiki/.45_ACP" title=".45 ACP">.45 ACP</a>, <a href="/wiki/.22_Long_Rifle" title=".22 Long Rifle">.22 Long Rifle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/.40_S%26W" title=".40 S&W">.40 S&W</a>). They cannot be considered machine guns due to their small-caliber, hence the prefix "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sub-" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:sub-">sub-</a>" to differentiate them from proper machine guns. Submachine guns are commonly associated with high rates of fire, automatic fire capabilities, and low recoil, though many submachine guns differentiate from this in various ways, such as having fairly low rates of fire or including burst and semi-automatic modes available through selective fire. Most submachine guns are the size of carbines and short-barreled rifles, and use similar configurations. Many are designed to take as little space as possible for use in close-quarters or for easy storage in vehicles and cases. Some submachine guns are designed and configured similar to pistols even down to size, and are thus occasionally classed as <a href="/wiki/Machine_pistol" title="Machine pistol">machine pistols</a>, even if they are not actually a handgun (i.e. designed to require two hands to use). </p><p>Submachine guns are considered ideal for <a href="/wiki/Close-quarters_combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Close-quarters combat">close-quarters combat</a> and are cheap to mass-produce. They were very common in military service through much of the 20th century, but have since been superseded in most combat roles by rifles, carbines, and personal defense weapons due to their low effective range and poor penetration against most <a href="/wiki/Body_armor" title="Body armor">body armor</a> developed since the late 20th century. However, they remain popular among special forces and police for their effectiveness in close-quarters and low likelihood to <a href="/wiki/Overpenetrating" class="mw-redirect" title="Overpenetrating">overpenetrate</a> targets. </p><p>Examples of submachine guns include the <a href="/wiki/MP_18" title="MP 18">MP 18</a>, <a href="/wiki/MP_40" title="MP 40">MP 40</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">Thompson submachine gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/M3_submachine_gun" title="M3 submachine gun">M3 submachine gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzi" title="Uzi">Uzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5" title="Heckler & Koch MP5">Heckler & Koch MP5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spectre_M4" title="Spectre M4">Spectre M4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steyr_TMP" title="Steyr TMP">Steyr TMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_UMP" title="Heckler & Koch UMP">Heckler & Koch UMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/PP-2000" title="PP-2000">PP-2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/KRISS_Vector" title="KRISS Vector">KRISS Vector</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SIG_MPX" title="SIG MPX">SIG MPX</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal_defense_weapons">Personal defense weapons</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Personal_defense_weapon" title="Personal defense weapon">Personal defense weapon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BundeswehrMP7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BundeswehrMP7.JPG/220px-BundeswehrMP7.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BundeswehrMP7.JPG/330px-BundeswehrMP7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/BundeswehrMP7.JPG/440px-BundeswehrMP7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP7" title="Heckler & Koch MP7">Heckler & Koch MP7</a>, a personal defense weapon chambered in <a href="/wiki/HK_4.6%C3%9730mm" title="HK 4.6×30mm">HK 4.6×30mm</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>personal defense weapon</i> is, in simplest terms, a submachine gun that is designed to fire ammunition with ballistic performance that is similar to (but not actually a type of) rifle cartridges, often called "sub-intermediate" cartridges. In this way, it combines the high automatic rate of fire, reliable low recoil, and lightweight compact maneuverability of submachine guns with the versatility, penetration, and effective range of rifles, effectively making them an "in-between" of submachine guns and carbines. </p><p>Personal defense weapons were developed to provide <a href="/wiki/Rear_(military)" title="Rear (military)">rear</a> and "second-line" personnel not otherwise armed with high-caliber firearms (vehicle and weapon crews, engineers, logistical personnel, etc.) with a method of effective self-defense against <a href="/wiki/Skirmisher" title="Skirmisher">skirmishers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Infiltration_tactics" title="Infiltration tactics">infiltrators</a> who cannot effectively be defeated by low-powered submachine guns and handguns, often the only firearms suitable for those personnel (while they could be issued rifles or carbines, those would become unnecessary burdens in their normal duties, during which the likelihood of hostility is fairly rare regardless, making their issuance questionable). Thus, per their name, personal defense weapons allow these personnel to effectively defend themselves from enemies and repel attacks themselves or at least until support can arrive. They are not intended for civilian self-defense due to their nature as automatic firearms (which are usually prohibited from civilian purchase), though some semi-automatic PDWs exist for the civilian market, albeit often with longer barrels. </p><p>Examples of personal defense weapons include the <a href="/wiki/FN_P90" title="FN P90">FN P90</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP7" title="Heckler & Koch MP7">Heckler & Koch MP7</a>, <a href="/wiki/AAC_Honey_Badger" title="AAC Honey Badger">AAC Honey Badger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ST_Kinetics_CPW" title="ST Kinetics CPW">ST Kinetics CPW</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Action">Action</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)" title="Action (firearms)">Action (firearms)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AR-15_and_Remington_Model_870.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AR-15_and_Remington_Model_870.jpg/220px-AR-15_and_Remington_Model_870.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AR-15_and_Remington_Model_870.jpg/330px-AR-15_and_Remington_Model_870.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AR-15_and_Remington_Model_870.jpg/440px-AR-15_and_Remington_Model_870.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>The semi-automatic <a href="/wiki/Colt_AR-15" title="Colt AR-15">Colt AR-15</a> (top) and the pump action <a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_870" title="Remington Model 870">Remington Model 870</a> (bottom); these weapons' actions are common for their respective types.</figcaption></figure> <p>Types aside, firearms are also categorized by their "action", which describes their loading, firing, and unloading cycle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manual">Manual</h3></div> <p><i>Manual action</i> or <i>manual operation</i> is essentially any type of firearm action that is loaded, and usually also fired, one cartridge at a time by the user, rather than automatically. Manual action firearms can be divided into two basic categories: <a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">single-shot</a> firearms that can only be fired once per barrel before it must be reloaded or charged via an external mechanism or series of steps; and <a href="/wiki/Repeating_firearm" title="Repeating firearm">repeating</a> firearms that can be fired multiple times per barrel, but can only be fired once with each subsequent pull of the trigger or ignite, and the firearm's action must be reloaded or charged via an internal mechanism between trigger pulls. </p><p>Types of manual actions include lever action, bolt action, and pump action. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lever_action">Lever action</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lever_action" title="Lever action">Lever action</a></div> <p><i>Lever action</i> is a repeating action that is operated by using a <a href="/wiki/Cocking_handle" title="Cocking handle">cocking handle</a> (the "lever") located around the <a href="/wiki/Trigger_guard" title="Trigger guard">trigger guard</a> area (often incorporating it) that is pulled down then back up to move the <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(firearms)" title="Bolt (firearms)">bolt</a> via internal <a href="/wiki/Linkage_(mechanical)" title="Linkage (mechanical)">linkages</a> and cock the <a href="/wiki/Firing_pin" title="Firing pin">firing pin</a> mechanism, expelling the old <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridge</a> and loading a new one. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bolt_action">Bolt action</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">Bolt action</a></div> <p><i>Bolt action</i> is a repeating (and rarely single-shot) action that is operated by directly manipulating the bolt via a <a href="/wiki/Cocking_handle" title="Cocking handle">bolt handle</a>. The bolt is unlocked from the <a href="/wiki/Receiver_(firearms)" title="Receiver (firearms)">receiver</a>, then pulled back to open the <a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Breech-loading weapon">breech</a>, ejecting a cartridge, and cocking the <a href="/wiki/Firing_pin" title="Firing pin">striker</a> and engaging it against the <a href="/wiki/Sear_(firearm)" title="Sear (firearm)">sear</a>; when the bolt is returned to the forward position, a new cartridge, if loaded, is pushed out of the magazine and into the barrel <a href="/wiki/Chamber_(firearms)" title="Chamber (firearms)">chamber</a>, and the breech is re-locked. </p><p>Two designs of bolt action exist: <i>rotating bolt</i>, where the bolt must be axially rotated to unlock and lock the receiver; and <i>straight pull</i>, which does not require the bolt to be rotated, simplifying the bolt action mechanism and allowing for a greater rate of fire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pump_action">Pump action</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pump_action" title="Pump action">Pump action</a></div> <p><i>Pump action</i> or <i>slide action</i> is a repeating action that is operated by moving a sliding <a href="/wiki/Handguard" class="mw-redirect" title="Handguard">handguard</a> (the "pump") on the gun's <a href="/wiki/Forestock" class="mw-redirect" title="Forestock">forestock</a> rearward (frontward on some models), ejecting any spent cartridges and cocking the <a href="/wiki/Hammer_(firearms)" title="Hammer (firearms)">hammer</a> or striker, then moving the handguard forward to load a new cartridge into the chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is most common on shotguns, though pump action rifles and grenade launchers also exist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Semi-automatic">Semi-automatic</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_firearm" title="Semi-automatic firearm">Semi-automatic firearm</a></div> <p><i>Semi-automatic</i>, <i>self-loading</i>, or <i>autoloading</i> is a firearm action that, after a single discharge, automatically performs the feeding and ignition procedures necessary to prepare the firearm for a subsequent discharge. Semi-automatic firearms only discharge once with each trigger actuation, and the trigger must be actuated again to fire another cartridge. </p><p>Types of semi-automatic actions and modes include automatic, burst, and selective. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Automatic">Automatic</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Automatic_firearm" title="Automatic firearm">Automatic firearm</a></div> <p><i>Automatic</i> is a firearm action that uses the same automated action cycling as semi-automatic, but continues to do so for as long as the trigger is actuated, until the trigger is let go of or the firearm is depleted of available ammunition. The excess energy released from a discharged cartridge is used to load a new cartridge into the chamber, then igniting the <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a> and discharging said new cartridge by delivering a hammer or striker impact on the <a href="/wiki/Primer_(firearms)" title="Primer (firearms)">primer</a>. Automatic firearms are further defined by the type of <a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)#Autoloading_operation" title="Action (firearms)">cycling principles</a> used, such as <a href="/wiki/Recoil_operation" title="Recoil operation">recoil operation</a> (uses energy from the <a href="/wiki/Recoil" title="Recoil">recoil</a> to cycle the action), <a href="/wiki/Blowback_(firearms)" title="Blowback (firearms)">blowback</a> (uses energy from the cartridge case as it is pushed by expanding gas), <a href="/wiki/Blow_forward" title="Blow forward">blow forward</a> (use propellant gas pressure to open the breech), or <a href="/wiki/Gas_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas operation">gas operation</a> (uses high-pressure gas from a fired cartridge to dispose of the spent case and load a new cartridge). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Burst">Burst</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Burst_mode_(weapons)" title="Burst mode (weapons)">Burst mode (weapons)</a></div> <p><i>Burst</i> is a fire mode of some semi-automatic and automatic firearms that fires a predetermined amount of rounds—usually two or three—in the same manner as automatic fire. Depending on the firearm, a single trigger actuation may fire the full burst of rounds, or it must be depressed for the entire discharge, with a single pull of the trigger firing a single round or an incomplete burst. Most firearms with burst capabilities have it as a fire mode secondary to semi-automatic and automatic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Selective_fire">Selective fire</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Selective_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective fire">Selective fire</a></div> <p><i>Selective fire</i> or <i>select fire</i> is the capability of a firearm to have its fire mode adjusted between semi-automatic, burst, or automatic. The modes are chosen by means of a <a href="/wiki/Fire_mode_selector" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire mode selector">fire mode selector</a>, which varies depending on the weapon's design. The presence of selective-fire modes on firearms allows more efficient use of ammunition for specific tactical needs, either precision-aimed or <a href="/wiki/Suppressive_fire" title="Suppressive fire">suppressive fire</a>. Selective fire is most commonly found on assault rifles and submachine guns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_as_a_blunt_weapon">Use as a blunt weapon</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Air_Force_Buttstroke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/U.S._Air_Force_Buttstroke.jpg/220px-U.S._Air_Force_Buttstroke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/U.S._Air_Force_Buttstroke.jpg/330px-U.S._Air_Force_Buttstroke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/U.S._Air_Force_Buttstroke.jpg/440px-U.S._Air_Force_Buttstroke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> trainee <a href="/wiki/Buttstroking" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttstroking">buttstroking</a> a target dummy with an unloaded M16 rifle</figcaption></figure> <p>Firearms can be used as <a href="/wiki/Blunt_instrument" title="Blunt instrument">blunt weapons</a>, for instance to conserve limited ammunition or when <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a> has run out entirely.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>New recruits of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> undergo training on the safe practice of using the M16 rifle as a blunt weapon, mainly so that in close-quarter fighting, the weapon cannot be pulled away from them. Other training includes the recruit learning how to jab parts of the body with the <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzzle (firearm)">muzzle</a> and using the <a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock (firearm)">butt stock</a> as a weapon.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Forensic_medicine" title="Forensic medicine">Forensic medicine</a> recognizes evidence for various types of <a href="/wiki/Blunt-force_injuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Blunt-force injuries">blunt-force injuries</a> produced by firearms. For example, "pistol-whipping" typically leaves semicircular or triangular lacerations of skin produced by the butt of a pistol.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In armed robberies, beating the victims with firearms is a more common way to complete the robbery, rather than shooting or stabbing them.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buttstroking" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttstroking">Buttstroking</a>, striking with the <a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock (firearm)">butt stock</a> of a firearm.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol-whipping" title="Pistol-whipping">Pistol-whipping</a>, striking someone with a <a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">handgun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Striking with the <a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">muzzle</a> end of a firearm without a <a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">bayonet</a> attached.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_firearm" title="History of the firearm">History of the firearm</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_gunpowder" title="History of gunpowder">History of gunpowder</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yuan_chinese_gun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Yuan_chinese_gun.jpg/220px-Yuan_chinese_gun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Yuan_chinese_gun.jpg/330px-Yuan_chinese_gun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Yuan_chinese_gun.jpg/440px-Yuan_chinese_gun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hand_cannon" title="Hand cannon">Hand cannon</a> from the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> (1271–1368)</figcaption></figure> <p>The first firearms were invented in 10th century <a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_China" title="History of science and technology in China">China</a> when the man-portable <a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">fire lance</a> (a bamboo or metal tube that could shoot ignited <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a>) was combined with projectiles such as scrap metal, broken porcelain, or darts/arrows.<sup id="cite_ref-Helaine_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helaine-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An early depiction of a firearm is a sculpture from a cave in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, China. The sculpture dates to the 12th century<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and represents a figure carrying a vase-shaped <a href="/wiki/Bombard_(weapon)" title="Bombard (weapon)">bombard</a>, with flames and a <a href="/wiki/Round_shot" title="Round shot">cannonball</a> coming out of it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase200331–32_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase200331–32-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest surviving gun, a <a href="/wiki/Hand_cannon" title="Hand cannon">hand cannon</a> made of bronze, has been dated to 1288 because it was discovered at a site in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Acheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Acheng District">Acheng District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a>, China, where the <i>Yuan Shi</i> records that battles were fought at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-needham_volume_5_part_7_293_294_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-needham_volume_5_part_7_293_294-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The firearm had a 17.5 cm (6.9 in) barrel of a 2.5 cm (1 in) diameter, a 6.6 cm (2.6 in) chamber for the gunpowder and a socket for the firearm's handle. It is 34 centimetres (13 in) long and 3.54 kilograms (7.8 lb) without the handle, which would have been made of wood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase200332_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase200332-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Arabs and <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluks</a> had firearms in the late-13th century.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Europeans obtained firearms in the 14th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase20031_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase20031-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Koreans adopted firearms from the Chinese in the 14th century. The Iranians (first <a href="/wiki/Aq_Qoyunlu" title="Aq Qoyunlu">Aq Qoyunlu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Safavids" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavids">Safavids</a>) and Indians (first <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a>) all got them no later than the 15th century, from the Ottoman Turks. The people of the <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(archipelago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantara</a> archipelago of Southeast Asia used the <a href="/wiki/Java_arquebus" title="Java arquebus">long arquebus</a> at least by the last quarter of the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawfurd-1856_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawfurd-1856-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Satinggar_Malay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Satinggar_Malay.jpg/220px-Satinggar_Malay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Satinggar_Malay.jpg/330px-Satinggar_Malay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Satinggar_Malay.jpg/440px-Satinggar_Malay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Istinggar" title="Istinggar">istinggar</a>, a result of Indo-Portuguese gun-making traditions</figcaption></figure> <p>Even though the knowledge of making gunpowder-based weapons in the <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(archipelago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantara</a> archipelago had been known after the failed <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Java" title="Mongol invasion of Java">Mongol invasion of Java</a> (1293), and the predecessor of firearms, the <a href="/wiki/Hand_cannon" title="Hand cannon">pole gun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bedil_tombak" title="Bedil tombak">bedil tombak</a>), was recorded as being used by Java in 1413,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Manguin-1976_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manguin-1976-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 245">: 245 </span></sup> the knowledge of making "true" firearms came much later, after the middle of 15th century. It was brought by the <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> nations of West Asia, most probably the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>. The precise year of introduction is unknown, but it may be safely concluded to be no earlier than 1460.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawfurd-1856_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawfurd-1856-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> Before the arrival of the Portuguese in Southeast Asia, the natives already possessed firearms, the <a href="/wiki/Java_arquebus" title="Java arquebus">Java arquebus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tiaoyuan-1969_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiaoyuan-1969-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_eastern_matchlock_evolution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Portuguese_eastern_matchlock_evolution.png/220px-Portuguese_eastern_matchlock_evolution.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Portuguese_eastern_matchlock_evolution.png/330px-Portuguese_eastern_matchlock_evolution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Portuguese_eastern_matchlock_evolution.png/440px-Portuguese_eastern_matchlock_evolution.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="934" /></a><figcaption>A) The matchlock gun with button for trigger, which came to Lisbon from Bohemia, used by the Portuguese until the conquest of Goa in 1510. B) The Indo-Portuguese matchlock gun resulted from the combination of Portuguese and Goan gunmaking. C) The Japanese matchlock gun appeared as a copy of the first firearm introduced in the Japanese islands.</figcaption></figure> <p>The technology of firearms in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> further improved after the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_(1511)" title="Capture of Malacca (1511)">Portuguese capture of Malacca</a> (1511).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in the 1513, the traditions of German-Bohemian gun-making merged with Turkish gun-making traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Daehnhardt-1994_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daehnhardt-1994-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 39–41">: 39–41 </span></sup> This resulted in the Indo-Portuguese tradition of matchlocks. Indian craftsmen modified the design by introducing a very short, almost pistol-like buttstock held against the cheek, not the shoulder, when aiming. They also reduced the caliber and made the gun lighter and more balanced. This was a hit with the Portuguese who did a lot of fighting aboard ship and on river craft, and valued a more compact gun.<sup id="cite_ref-Eaton-2013_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eaton-2013-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 41">: 41 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malaccan</a> gunfounders,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Typo_help_inline" title="Template:Typo help inline"><span title="Expert help is needed to correct the spelling of this word or mark it as OK. (April 2020)">check spelling</span></a></i>]</sup> compared as being in the same level with those of Germany, quickly adapted these new firearms, and thus a new type of arquebus, the <a href="/wiki/Istinggar" title="Istinggar">istinggar</a>, appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 385">: 385 </span></sup> The Japanese did not acquire firearms until the 16th century, and then from the Portuguese rather than from the Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase200331–32_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase200331–32-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_de_Gheyn_-_Wapenhandelinge_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Jacob_de_Gheyn_-_Wapenhandelinge_4.jpg/170px-Jacob_de_Gheyn_-_Wapenhandelinge_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Jacob_de_Gheyn_-_Wapenhandelinge_4.jpg/255px-Jacob_de_Gheyn_-_Wapenhandelinge_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Jacob_de_Gheyn_-_Wapenhandelinge_4.jpg/340px-Jacob_de_Gheyn_-_Wapenhandelinge_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Musketeer" title="Musketeer">musketeer</a> (1608)</figcaption></figure> <p>Developments in firearms accelerated during the 19th and 20th centuries. Breech-loading became more or less a universal standard for the reloading of most hand-held firearms and continues to be so with some notable exceptions (such as mortars). Instead of loading individual rounds into weapons, magazines holding multiple munitions were adopted—these aided rapid reloading. Automatic and semi-automatic firing mechanisms meant that a single soldier could fire many more rounds in a minute than a vintage weapon could fire over the course of a battle. Polymers and alloys in firearm construction made weaponry progressively lighter and thus easier to deploy. Ammunition changed over the centuries from simple metallic ball-shaped projectiles that rattled down the barrel to bullets and cartridges manufactured to high precision. Especially in the past century<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Relative_time_references" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="Clarify the applicable timeframe so that it is unambiguous when read at a later date. (February 2022)">timeframe?</span></a></i>]</sup> particular attention has focused on accuracy and sighting to make firearms altogether far more accurate than ever before. More than any single factor though, firearms have proliferated due to the advent of mass production—enabling arms-manufacturers to produce large quantities of weaponry to a consistent standard.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Velocities of bullets increased with the use of a "jacket" of metals such as copper or copper alloys that covered a lead core and allowed the bullet to glide down the barrel more easily than exposed lead. Such bullets are known as "full metal jacket" (FMJ). Such FMJ bullets are less likely to fragment on impact and are more likely to traverse through a target while imparting less energy. Hence, FMJ bullets impart less tissue damage than non-jacketed bullets that expand.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to their adoption for military use by countries adhering to the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Convention of 1899</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That said, the basic principle behind firearm operation remains unchanged to this day. A musket of several centuries ago is still similar in principle to a modern-day rifle—using the expansion of gases to propel projectiles over long distances—albeit less accurately and rapidly.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_firearm_models">Early firearm models</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fire_lances">Fire lances</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">Fire lance</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_Lance_Knight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fire_Lance_Knight.jpg/220px-Fire_Lance_Knight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fire_Lance_Knight.jpg/330px-Fire_Lance_Knight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fire_Lance_Knight.jpg/440px-Fire_Lance_Knight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>A cavalryman wielding a fire lance.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Chinese <a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">fire lance</a> from the 10th century was the direct predecessor to the modern concept of the firearm. It was not a gun itself, but an addition to soldiers' spears. Originally it consisted of paper or bamboo barrels that would contain incendiary gunpowder that could be lit one time and which would project flames at the enemy. Sometimes Chinese troops would place small projectiles within the barrel that would also be projected when the gunpowder was lit, but most of the explosive force would create flames. Later, the barrel was changed to be made of metal, so that more explosive gunpowder could be used and put more force into the propulsion of projectiles.<sup id="cite_ref-Chase_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chase-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31–32">: 31–32 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hand_cannons">Hand cannons</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hand_cannon" title="Hand cannon">Hand cannon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_du_mobilier_fran%C3%A7ais_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%A9poque_carlovingienne_%C3%A0_la_Renaissance,_tome_6_-_357.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_du_mobilier_fran%C3%A7ais_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%A9poque_carlovingienne_%C3%A0_la_Renaissance%2C_tome_6_-_357.png/220px-Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_du_mobilier_fran%C3%A7ais_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%A9poque_carlovingienne_%C3%A0_la_Renaissance%2C_tome_6_-_357.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_du_mobilier_fran%C3%A7ais_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%A9poque_carlovingienne_%C3%A0_la_Renaissance%2C_tome_6_-_357.png/330px-Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_du_mobilier_fran%C3%A7ais_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%A9poque_carlovingienne_%C3%A0_la_Renaissance%2C_tome_6_-_357.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_du_mobilier_fran%C3%A7ais_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%A9poque_carlovingienne_%C3%A0_la_Renaissance%2C_tome_6_-_357.png/440px-Dictionnaire_raisonn%C3%A9_du_mobilier_fran%C3%A7ais_de_l%E2%80%99%C3%A9poque_carlovingienne_%C3%A0_la_Renaissance%2C_tome_6_-_357.png 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="1993" /></a><figcaption>A Swiss soldier firing a hand cannon.</figcaption></figure> <p>The original predecessor of all firearms, the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Hand_cannon" title="Hand cannon">hand cannon</a> from the 13th century, was loaded with gunpowder and the projectile (initially <a href="/wiki/Lead_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead shot">lead shot</a>, later replaced by cast iron<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>) through the muzzle, while a fuse was placed at the rear. This fuse was lit, causing the gunpowder to ignite and propel the projectiles. In military use, the standard hand cannon was tremendously powerful, while also being somewhat erratic<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> due to the relative inability of the gunner to aim the weapon, or to control the ballistic properties of the projectile. Recoil could be absorbed by bracing the barrel against the ground using a wooden support, the forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearms)" title="Stock (firearms)">stock</a>. Neither the quality nor amount of gunpowder, nor the consistency in projectile dimensions was controlled, with resulting inaccuracy in firing due to <a href="/wiki/Windage" title="Windage">windage</a>, variance in gunpowder composition, and the difference in diameter between the <a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">bore</a> and the shot. Hand cannons were replaced around the 15th century by lighter carriage-mounted <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> pieces, and ultimately by the <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebus</a>. </p><p>In the 1420s, gunpowder was used to propel missiles from hand-held tubes during <a href="/wiki/History_of_Czech_civilian_firearms_possession#Origins_of_civilian_firearms_possession" title="History of Czech civilian firearms possession">the Hussite revolt</a> in Bohemia.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (April 2023)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arquebuses">Arquebuses</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus%C3%A9e_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Foix_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Foix_02.jpg/220px-Mus%C3%A9e_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Foix_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Foix_02.jpg/330px-Mus%C3%A9e_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Foix_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Foix_02.jpg/440px-Mus%C3%A9e_du_Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Foix_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A 17th Century arquebus at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Foix" title="Château de Foix">Château de Foix</a> Museum, France.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebus</a> is a long gun that appeared in Europe and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> during the 15th Century. The term <i>arquebus</i> is derived from the Dutch word <i>haaqbus</i> (literally meaning <i>hook gun</i>). The term arquebus was applied to many different types of guns. In their earliest form they were defensive weapon mounts on German city walls in the 15th Century. The addition of a shoulder stock, priming pan and matchlock mechanism in the late 15th century turned the arquebus into a handheld firearm, and also first firearm equipped with a trigger. Heavy arquebuses mounted on <a href="/wiki/War_wagon" title="War wagon">war wagons</a> were called <i>arquebus a croc</i>. These heavy arquebuses fired a <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> ball of about 3.5 ounces (100g). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Muskets">Muskets</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">Musket</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Turk(36).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grand_Turk%2836%29.jpg/220px-Grand_Turk%2836%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grand_Turk%2836%29.jpg/330px-Grand_Turk%2836%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grand_Turk%2836%29.jpg/440px-Grand_Turk%2836%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Muskets and bayonets aboard the <a href="/wiki/Sailing_frigate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sailing frigate">frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89toile_du_Roy" title="Étoile du Roy">Grand Turk</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">Muzzle-loading</a> muskets (smooth-bored long guns) were among the first firearms developed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2018)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> The firearm was loaded through the muzzle with gunpowder, optionally with some wadding, and then with a bullet (usually a solid lead ball, but musketeers could shoot stones when they ran out of bullets). Greatly improved muzzleloaders (usually rifled instead of smooth-bored) are manufactured today and have many enthusiasts, many of whom hunt large and small game with their guns. Muzzleloaders have to be manually reloaded after each shot; a skilled archer could fire multiple arrows faster than most early muskets could be reloaded and fired, although by the mid-18th century when muzzleloaders became the standard small-armament of the military, a well-drilled soldier could fire six rounds in a minute using prepared cartridges in his musket. Before then, the effectiveness of muzzleloaders was hindered both by the low reloading speed and, before the firing mechanism was perfected, by the very high risk posed by the firearm to the person attempting to fire it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>One interesting solution to the reloading problem was the "Roman Candle Gun" with <a href="/wiki/Superposed_load" title="Superposed load">superposed loads</a>. This was a muzzleloader in which multiple charges and balls were loaded one on top of the other, with a small hole in each ball to allow the subsequent charge to be ignited after the one ahead of it was ignited. It was neither a very reliable nor popular firearm, but it enabled a form of "automatic" fire long before the advent of the machine gun.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firing_mechanisms">Firing mechanisms</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)" title="Trigger (firearms)">Trigger (firearms)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Firearm_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearm action">Firearm action</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Matchlock">Matchlock</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Matchlock" title="Matchlock">Matchlock</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edo_period_rifles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Edo_period_rifles.jpg/220px-Edo_period_rifles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Edo_period_rifles.jpg/330px-Edo_period_rifles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Edo_period_rifles.jpg/440px-Edo_period_rifles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> Various Japanese (samurai) <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> matchlocks (<i>tanegashima</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Matchlock" title="Matchlock">Matchlocks</a> were the first and simplest firearms-firing mechanisms developed. In the matchlock mechanism, the powder in the gun barrel was ignited by a piece of burning cord called a "match". The match was wedged into one end of an S-shaped piece of steel. When the trigger (often actually a lever) was pulled, the match was brought into the open end of a "touch hole" at the base of the gun barrel, which contained a very small quantity of gunpowder, igniting the main charge of gunpowder in the gun barrel. The match usually had to be relit after each firing. The main parts of the matchlock firing mechanism are the pan, match, arm, and trigger.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A benefit of the pan and arm swivel being moved to the side of the gun was it gave a clear line of fire.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An advantage to the matchlock firing mechanism is that it did not misfire. However, it also came with some disadvantages. One disadvantage involved weather: in rain, the match could not be kept lit to fire the weapon. Another issue with the match was it could give away the position of soldiers because of the glow, sound, and smell.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While European pistols were equipped with wheellock and flintlock mechanisms, Asian pistols used<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> matchlock mechanisms.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wheellock">Wheellock</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wheellock" title="Wheellock">Wheellock</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wheellock_for_a_firearm,_17th_century,_iron_-_Stadtmuseum_Fembohaus_-_Nuremberg,_Germany_-DSC02125.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Wheellock_for_a_firearm%2C_17th_century%2C_iron_-_Stadtmuseum_Fembohaus_-_Nuremberg%2C_Germany_-DSC02125.jpg/220px-Wheellock_for_a_firearm%2C_17th_century%2C_iron_-_Stadtmuseum_Fembohaus_-_Nuremberg%2C_Germany_-DSC02125.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Wheellock_for_a_firearm%2C_17th_century%2C_iron_-_Stadtmuseum_Fembohaus_-_Nuremberg%2C_Germany_-DSC02125.jpg/330px-Wheellock_for_a_firearm%2C_17th_century%2C_iron_-_Stadtmuseum_Fembohaus_-_Nuremberg%2C_Germany_-DSC02125.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Wheellock_for_a_firearm%2C_17th_century%2C_iron_-_Stadtmuseum_Fembohaus_-_Nuremberg%2C_Germany_-DSC02125.jpg/440px-Wheellock_for_a_firearm%2C_17th_century%2C_iron_-_Stadtmuseum_Fembohaus_-_Nuremberg%2C_Germany_-DSC02125.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4680" data-file-height="2154" /></a><figcaption>A wheellock pistol mechanism from the 17th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Wheellock" title="Wheellock">wheellock</a> action, a successor to the matchlock, predated the flintlock. Despite its many faults, the wheellock was a significant improvement over the matchlock in terms of both convenience and safety, since it eliminated the need to keep a smoldering match in proximity to loose gunpowder. It operated using a small wheel (much like that on a <a href="/wiki/Lighter" title="Lighter">cigarette lighter</a>) which was wound up with a key before use and which, when the trigger was pulled, spun against a flint, creating the shower of sparks that ignited the powder in the touch hole. Supposedly invented by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> (1452–1519), the Italian <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">Renaissance man</a>, the wheellock action was an innovation that was not widely adopted due to the high cost of the clockwork mechanism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flintlock">Flintlock</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">Flintlock</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FlintlockMechanism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FlintlockMechanism.jpg/220px-FlintlockMechanism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FlintlockMechanism.jpg/330px-FlintlockMechanism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FlintlockMechanism.jpg/440px-FlintlockMechanism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Flintlock mechanism</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">flintlock</a> action represented a major innovation in firearm design. The spark used to ignite the gunpowder in the touch hole came from a sharpened piece of flint clamped in the jaws of a "cock" which, when released by the trigger, struck a piece of steel called the "<a href="/wiki/Frizzen" title="Frizzen">frizzen</a>" to generate the necessary sparks. (The spring-loaded arm that holds a piece of flint or pyrite is referred to as a cock because of its resemblance to a rooster.) The cock had to be manually reset after each firing, and the flint had to be replaced periodically due to wear from striking the frizzen. (See also <a href="/wiki/Flintlock_mechanism" title="Flintlock mechanism">flintlock mechanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snaphance" title="Snaphance">snaphance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miquelet_lock" title="Miquelet lock">Miquelet lock</a>.) The flintlock was widely used during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries in both muskets and rifles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Percussion_cap">Percussion cap</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Percussion_cap" title="Percussion cap">Percussion cap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caplock_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Caplock mechanism">Caplock mechanism</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Percussion_cap" title="Percussion cap">Percussion caps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caplock_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Caplock mechanism">caplock mechanisms</a>), coming into wide service in the early 19th century, offered a dramatic improvement over flintlocks. With the percussion-cap mechanism, the small primer charge of gunpowder used in all preceding firearms was replaced by a completely self-contained explosive charge contained in a small brass "cap". The cap was fastened to the touch hole of the gun (extended to form a "nipple") and ignited by the impact of the gun's "hammer". (The hammer is roughly the same as the cock found on flintlocks except that it does not clamp onto anything.) In the case of percussion caps the hammer was hollow on the end to fit around the cap in order to keep the cap from fragmenting and injuring the shooter. </p><p>Once struck, the flame from the cap, in turn, ignited the main charge of gunpowder, as with the flintlock, but there was no longer any need to charge the touch hole with gunpowder, and even better, the touch hole was no longer exposed to the elements. As a result, the percussion-cap mechanism was considerably safer, far more weatherproof, and vastly more reliable (cloth-bound cartridges containing a pre-measured charge of gunpowder and a ball had been in regular military service for many years, but the exposed gunpowder in the entry to the touch hole had long been a source of misfires). All <a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">muzzleloaders</a> manufactured since the second half of the 19th-century use percussion caps except those built as replicas of the flintlock or earlier firearms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loading_techniques">Loading techniques</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">Muzzleloader</a> and <a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">Breechloader</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meyers_b8_s0102a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Meyers_b8_s0102a.jpg/220px-Meyers_b8_s0102a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Meyers_b8_s0102a.jpg/330px-Meyers_b8_s0102a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Meyers_b8_s0102a.jpg/440px-Meyers_b8_s0102a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1649" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Percussion_cap" title="Percussion cap">Percussion cap</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">bolt action</a> form</figcaption></figure> <p>Most early firearms were muzzle-loading. This form of loading has several disadvantages, such as a slow rate of fire and having to expose oneself to enemy fire to reload—as the weapon had to be pointed upright so the powder could be poured through the muzzle into the breech, followed by the ramming the projectile into the breech. As effective methods of sealing the breech developed along with sturdy, weatherproof, self-contained metallic cartridges, muzzle-loaders were replaced by single-shot breech loaders. Eventually, single-shot weapons were replaced by the following repeater-type weapons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Internal_magazines">Internal magazines</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">Magazine (firearms)</a></div> <p>Many firearms made from the late-19th century through the 1950s used internal magazines to load the cartridge into the chamber of the weapon. The most notable and revolutionary weapons of this period appeared during the U.S. Civil War of 1861–1865: the <a href="/wiki/Spencer_repeating_rifle" title="Spencer repeating rifle">Spencer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_rifle" title="Henry rifle">Henry</a> repeating rifles. Both used fixed tubular magazines, the former having the magazine in the buttstock and the latter under the barrel, which allowed a larger capacity. Later weapons used fixed box magazines that could not be removed from the weapon without disassembling the weapon itself. Fixed magazines permitted the use of larger cartridges and eliminated the hazard of having the bullet of one cartridge butting next to the primer or rim of another cartridge. These magazines are loaded while they are in the weapon, often using a stripper clip. A clip is used to transfer cartridges into the magazine. Some notable weapons that use internal magazines include the <a href="/wiki/Mosin%E2%80%93Nagant" title="Mosin–Nagant">Mosin–Nagant</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mauser_Kar_98k" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauser Kar 98k">Mauser Kar 98k</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_M1903" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield M1903">Springfield M1903</a>, the <a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/SKS" title="SKS">SKS</a>. Firearms that have internal magazines are usually, but not always, rifles. Some exceptions to this include the Mauser C96 pistol, which uses an internal magazine, and the <a href="/wiki/Breda_30" title="Breda 30">Breda 30</a>, an Italian light machine gun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Detachable_magazines">Detachable magazines</h4></div> <p>Many modern firearms use what are called detachable or box magazines as their method of chambering a cartridge. Detachable magazines can be removed from the weapon without disassembling the firearms, usually by pushing a magazine release. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belt-fed_weapons">Belt-fed weapons</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Belt_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belt (firearm)">Belt (firearm)</a></div> <p>A belt or ammunition belt, a device used to retain and feed cartridges into a firearm, is commonly used with machine guns. Belts were originally composed of canvas or cloth with pockets spaced evenly to allow the belt to be mechanically fed into the gun. These designs were prone to malfunctions due to the effects of oil and other contaminants altering the belt. Later belt-designs used permanently-connected metal links to retain the cartridges during feeding. These belts were more tolerant to exposure to solvents and oil. Notable weapons that use belts include the M240, the M249, the M134 Minigun, and the PK Machine Gun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cartridges">Cartridges</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridge (firearms)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">Ammunition</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snider-Martini-Enfield_Cartridges.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Snider-Martini-Enfield_Cartridges.JPG/220px-Snider-Martini-Enfield_Cartridges.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Snider-Martini-Enfield_Cartridges.JPG/330px-Snider-Martini-Enfield_Cartridges.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Snider-Martini-Enfield_Cartridges.JPG/440px-Snider-Martini-Enfield_Cartridges.JPG 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption> (From left to right): A <a href="/wiki/.577_Snider" title=".577 Snider">.577 Snider</a> cartridge (1867), a <a href="/wiki/.577/450_Martini-Henry" class="mw-redirect" title=".577/450 Martini-Henry">.577/450 Martini-Henry</a> cartridge (1871), a later drawn brass .577/450 <a href="/wiki/Martini-Henry" class="mw-redirect" title="Martini-Henry">Martini-Henry</a> cartridge, and a <a href="/wiki/.303_British" title=".303 British">.303 British</a> Mk VII SAA Ball cartridge.</figcaption></figure> <p>Frenchman <a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Flobert" title="Louis-Nicolas Flobert">Louis-Nicolas Flobert</a> invented the first <a href="/wiki/Rimfire_ammunition" title="Rimfire ammunition">rimfire metallic cartridge</a> in 1845. His cartridge consisted of a percussion cap with a bullet attached to the top.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flobert then made what he called "<a href="/wiki/Parlor_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Parlor gun">parlor guns</a>" for this cartridge, as these rifles and pistols were designed to be shot in indoor shooting-parlors in large homes.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BarnesBodinson2009_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarnesBodinson2009-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/6mm_Flobert" class="mw-redirect" title="6mm Flobert">6mm Flobert</a> cartridges do not contain any powder, the only <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a> substance contained in the cartridge is the percussion cap.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In English-speaking countries, the 6mm Flobert cartridge corresponds to <a href="/wiki/.22_BB_Cap" class="mw-redirect" title=".22 BB Cap">.22 BB Cap</a> and <a href="/wiki/.22_CB_Cap" class="mw-redirect" title=".22 CB Cap">.22 CB Cap</a> ammunition. These cartridges have a relatively low muzzle-velocity of around 700 ft/s (210 m/s). </p><p>Cartridges represented a major innovation: firearms ammunition, previously delivered as separate bullets and powder, was combined in a single metallic (usually brass) <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridge</a> containing a percussion cap, powder, and a bullet in one weatherproof package. The main technical advantage of the brass cartridge case was the effective and reliable sealing of high-pressure gasses at the breech, as the gas pressure forces the cartridge case to expand outward, pressing it firmly against the inside of the gun-barrel chamber. This prevents the leakage of hot gas which could injure the shooter. The brass cartridge also opened the way for modern repeating arms, by uniting the bullet, gunpowder, and primer into one assembly that could be fed reliably into the breech by mechanical action in the firearm. </p><p>Before this, a "cartridge" was simply a pre-measured quantity of <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> together with a ball in a small cloth bag (or rolled paper cylinder), which also acted as <a href="/wiki/Wadding" title="Wadding">wadding</a> for the charge and ball. This early form of cartridge had to be rammed into the muzzleloader's barrel, and either a small charge of gunpowder in the touch hole or an external percussion cap mounted on the touch hole ignited the gunpowder in the cartridge. Cartridges with built-in percussion caps (called "primers") continue to this day to be the standard in firearms. In cartridge-firing firearms, a hammer (or a firing pin struck by the hammer) strikes the cartridge primer, which then ignites the gunpowder within. The primer charge is at the base of the cartridge, either within the rim (a <a href="/wiki/Rimfire_ammunition" title="Rimfire ammunition">"rimfire"</a> cartridge) or in a small percussion cap embedded in the center of the base (a "<a href="/wiki/Centerfire" class="mw-redirect" title="Centerfire">centerfire</a>" cartridge). As a rule, centerfire cartridges are more powerful than rimfire cartridges, operating at considerably higher pressures than rimfire cartridges. Centerfire cartridges are also safer, as a dropped rimfire cartridge has the potential to discharge if its rim strikes the ground with sufficient force to ignite the primer. This is practically impossible with most centerfire cartridges. </p><p>Nearly all contemporary firearms load cartridges directly into their <a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">breech</a>. Some additionally or exclusively load from a <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">magazine</a> that holds multiple cartridges. A magazine is a part of the firearm which exists to store ammunition and to assist in its feeding by the action into the breech (such as through the rotation of a revolver's cylinder or by spring-loaded platforms in most pistol and rifle designs). Some magazines, such as that of most centerfire hunting rifles and all revolvers, are internal to and inseparable from the firearm, and are loaded by using a "clip". A <a href="/wiki/Clip_(ammunition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clip (ammunition)">clip</a> (the term often mistakenly refers to a detachable "magazine") is a device that holds the ammunition by the rim of the case and is designed to assist the shooter in reloading the firearm's magazine. Examples include revolver <a href="/wiki/Speedloader" title="Speedloader">speedloaders</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Stripper_clip" title="Stripper clip">stripper clip</a> used to aid loading rifles such as the <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mauser_98" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauser 98">Mauser 98</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/En-bloc_clip#En_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="En-bloc clip">en-bloc clip</a> used in loading the <a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a>. In this sense, "magazines" and "clips", though often used synonymously, refer to different types of devices. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repeating_firearms">Repeating firearms</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Repeating_firearm" title="Repeating firearm">Repeating firearm</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">Single-shot</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FAMAS_dsc06877.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FAMAS_dsc06877.jpg/220px-FAMAS_dsc06877.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FAMAS_dsc06877.jpg/330px-FAMAS_dsc06877.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FAMAS_dsc06877.jpg/440px-FAMAS_dsc06877.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2334" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>The French <a href="/wiki/FAMAS" title="FAMAS">FAMAS</a>, example of a <a href="/wiki/Bullpup" title="Bullpup">bullpup</a> rifle</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M4w-att.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/M4w-att.jpg/220px-M4w-att.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/M4w-att.jpg/330px-M4w-att.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/M4w-att.jpg/440px-M4w-att.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/M4_carbine" title="M4 carbine">M4 carbine</a>, a modern <a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">service rifle</a> capable of being fired automatically. It is in service by the U.S. military and has a wide ability for customization.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many firearms are "single shot": i.e., each time a cartridge is fired, the operator must manually re-cock the firearm and load another cartridge. The classic single-barreled shotgun offers a good example. A firearm that can load multiple cartridges as the firearm is re-cocked is considered a "repeating firearm" or simply a "repeater". A lever-action rifle, a pump-action shotgun, and most bolt-action rifles are good examples of repeating firearms. A firearm that automatically re-cocks and reloads the next round with each trigger-pull is considered a semi-automatic or autoloading firearm. </p><p>The first "rapid firing" firearms were usually similar to the 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling gun</a>, which would fire cartridges from a magazine as fast as and as long as the operator turned a crank. Eventually, the "rapid" firing mechanism was perfected and miniaturized to the extent that either the recoil of the firearm or the gas pressure from firing could be used to operate it, thus the operator needed only to pull a trigger—this made the firing mechanisms truly "automatic". An <a href="/wiki/Automatic_firearm" title="Automatic firearm">automatic</a> (or "fully automatic") firearm automatically re-cocks, reloads, and fires as long as the trigger is depressed. An automatic firearm is capable of firing multiple rounds with one pull of the trigger. The <a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling gun</a> may have been the first automatic weapon, though the modern trigger-actuated machine gun was not widely introduced until the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> (1914–1918) with the German <a href="/wiki/MG_08" title="MG 08">"Spandau"</a> (adopted in 1908) and the British <a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis gun</a> (in service from 1914). Automatic rifles such as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Browning_automatic_rifle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Browning automatic rifle (page does not exist)">Browning automatic rifle</a> were in common use by the military during the early part of the 20th century, and automatic rifles that fired handgun rounds, known as submachine guns, also appeared at this time. Many modern military firearms have a <a href="/wiki/Selective_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective fire">selective fire</a> option, which is a mechanical switch that allows the firearm to be fired either in the semi-automatic or fully automatic mode. In the current M16A2 and M16A4 variants of the U.S.-made <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16</a>, continuous fully-automatic fire is not possible, having been replaced by an automatic burst of three cartridges (this conserves ammunition and increases controllability). </p><p>Automatic weapons are largely restricted<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (February 2022)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> to military and paramilitary organizations, though many automatic designs are infamous for their use by civilians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_hazards">Health hazards</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gunshot_wound" title="Gunshot wound">Gunshot wound</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">Gun safety</a></div> <p>Firearm hazard is quite notable, with a significant impact on the health system. In 2001, for quantification purposes, it was estimated that the cost of fatalities and injuries was US$4700 million per year in Canada (US$170 per Canadian) and US$100,000 million per year in the U.S. (US$300 per American).<sup id="cite_ref-who2001_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who2001-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010_homicide_suicide_rates_high-income_countries.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/2010_homicide_suicide_rates_high-income_countries.png/300px-2010_homicide_suicide_rates_high-income_countries.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/2010_homicide_suicide_rates_high-income_countries.png/450px-2010_homicide_suicide_rates_high-income_countries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/2010_homicide_suicide_rates_high-income_countries.png/600px-2010_homicide_suicide_rates_high-income_countries.png 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="869" /></a><figcaption>Gun-related homicide and suicide <i>rates</i> in high-income <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> countries, 2010, ordered by total death rates (homicide plus suicide plus other gun-related deaths)<sup id="cite_ref-AJM201603_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJM201603-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>From 1990 to 2015, global deaths from assault by firearm rose from 128,000 to 173,000,<sup id="cite_ref-GBD2015_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBD2015-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GDB2013_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDB2013-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however this represents a drop in rate from 2.41/100,000 to 2.35/100,000, as world population has increased by more than two billion.<sup id="cite_ref-WPP2015total_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPP2015total-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, there were 39,773 gun-related deaths in the United States; over 60% were suicides from firearms.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, firearms were involved in cases constituting the second leading cause of "mechanism of injury deaths" (which are deaths which occur as a direct, identifiable, and immediate consequence of an event, such as a shooting or poisoning, and do not include deaths due to "natural causes" or "indirect causes" such as chronic alcohol abuse or tobacco use) after <a href="/wiki/Transportation_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation safety in the United States">motor vehicle accidents</a>, which comprised the majority of deaths in this category.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent, complete data, from 2017, shows gunshot related homicides as having been the 31st most common cause of death in the US, while gunshot related suicides was the 21st most common cause of death. Accidental discharge of a firearm accounted for the 59th most common cause of death, with 486 deaths in 2017, while 616 individuals were killed by law enforcement, comprising the 58th most common cause of death. The total number of deaths related to firearms in 2017 was 38,882 (not including incidents of deaths resulting from lethal force when used by law enforcement), while the most common cause of death, heart disease, claimed 647,457 lives, over sixteen times that of firearms, including suicides. The most recent data from the CDC, from 2020, shows that deaths involving firearms accounted for about 0.2% of all deaths nationwide in 2020, of which about two-thirds were suicides.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 52 high- and middle-income countries, with a combined population of 1,400 million and not engaged in civil conflict, fatalities due to firearm injuries were estimated at 115,000 people per annum, in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-who2001_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who2001-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="center noresize" style="width:auto;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="thumbcaption">Fatalities in 52 countries, mid-1990s<sup id="cite_ref-who2001_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who2001-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div> <p>In those 52 countries, a firearm is the first method used for homicide (two-thirds) but only the second method for suicide (20%.<sup id="cite_ref-who2001_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who2001-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To prevent unintentional injury, gun safety training includes education on proper firearm storage and firearm-handling etiquette.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Injury">Injury</h3></div> <p>Based on US data, it is estimated that three people are injured for one killed.<sup id="cite_ref-who2001_57-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who2001-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2017 study found that attacks account for more than half (50.2%) of all nonfatal gun injuries, while unintentional injuries make up more than one-third (36.7%).<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PTSD_(Post-traumatic_stress_disorder)"><span id="PTSD_.28Post-traumatic_stress_disorder.29"></span>PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder)</h3></div> <p>PTSD or Post-traumatic stress disorder is extremely prevalent in the aftermath of different firearm-related events, such as mass shootings, injuries, and police-involved incidents. In particular, military Veterans are especially at high risk for the development of PTSD. In 2004, Hoge et al. found that soldiers that fought in Iraq or Afghanistan who significantly engaged in firefights had a linear association with the risk of PTSD. Hoge found that the rates of PTSD ranged from 4.5% from those who had not been involved in firefights to 19.3% to those involved in five or more firefights, displaying an apparent correlation between risk of PTSD and firefights.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, school shootings are often studied and exhibit a connection between PTSD and the involvement with firearms. It was found that rates of PTSD were highest in students that were in direct exposure, which was around 9.7% of the recorded population. Rates would be as low as 3.4% in those with no exposure.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lead_exposure">Lead exposure</h3></div> <p>Many bullets used with firearms are made of lead. If lead reaches the bloodstream, which can occur when handling ammunition, it can lead to kidney damage and issues with brain development. Extremely high levels can lead to seizures, unconsciousness, and even death.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noise">Noise</h3></div> <p>A common hazard of repeated firearm use is <a href="/wiki/Noise-induced_hearing_loss" title="Noise-induced hearing loss">noise-induced hearing loss</a> (NIHL). NIHL can result from long-term exposure to noise or from high intensity impact noises such as gunshots.<sup id="cite_ref-NIDCD-2015_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIDCD-2015-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Healthy_Hearing-2007_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Healthy_Hearing-2007-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individuals who shoot guns often have a characteristic pattern of hearing loss referred to as "shooters ear". They often have a high-frequency loss with better hearing in the low frequencies and one ear is typically worse than the other. The ear on the side the shooter is holding the gun will receive protection from the sound wave from the shoulder while the other ear remains unprotected and more susceptible to the full impact of the sound wave.<sup id="cite_ref-Healthy_Hearing-2007_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Healthy_Hearing-2007-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASLHA-2019_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASLHA-2019-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The intensity of a gunshot does vary; lower caliber guns are typically on the softer side while higher caliber guns are often louder. The intensity of a gunshot though typically ranges from 140 dB to 175 dB. Indoor shooting also causes loud reverberations which can also be as damaging as the actual gunshot itself.<sup id="cite_ref-Healthy_Hearing-2007_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Healthy_Hearing-2007-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASLHA-2019_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASLHA-2019-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, noise above 85 dB can begin to cause hearing loss.<sup id="cite_ref-NIDCD-2015_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIDCD-2015-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While many sounds cause damage over time, at the intensity level of a gunshot (140 dB or louder), damage to the ear can occur instantly.<sup id="cite_ref-NIDCD-2015_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIDCD-2015-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASLHA-2019_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASLHA-2019-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shooters use custom hearing protection such as electronic type hearing protection for hunters which can amplify soft sounds like leaves crunching while reducing the intensity of the gunshot and custom hearing protection for skeet shooting.<sup id="cite_ref-Healthy_Hearing-2007_74-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Healthy_Hearing-2007-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASLHA-2019_75-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASLHA-2019-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even with hearing protection, due to the high intensity of the noise guns produce shooters still develop hearing loss over time.<sup id="cite_ref-Healthy_Hearing-2007_74-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Healthy_Hearing-2007-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_definitions">Legal definitions</h2></div> <p>Firearms include a variety of ranged weapons and there is no agreed-upon definition. For instance, English language laws of big legal entities such as the United States, India, the European Union and Canada use different definitions. Other English language definitions are provided by international treaties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, under 26 USC § 5845 (a), the term "firearm" means </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>(1) a shotgun having a barrel or barrels of less than 18 inches in length;</li> <li>(2) a weapon made from a shotgun if such weapon as modified has an overall length of less than 26 inches or a barrel or barrels of less than 18 inches in length;</li> <li>(3) a rifle having a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length;</li> <li>(4) a weapon made from a rifle if such weapon as modified has an overall length of less than 26 inches or a barrel or barrels of less than 16 inches in length;</li> <li>(5) any other weapon, as defined in subsection (e);</li> <li>(6) a machinegun;</li> <li>(7) any silencer (as defined in section 921 of title 18, United States Code); <br /> The term "firearm" shall not include an antique firearm or any device (other than a machinegun or destructive device) which, although designed as a weapon, the Secretary finds by reason of the date of its manufacture, value, design, and other characteristics is primarily a collector's item and is not likely to be used as a weapon.</li></ul> </div></blockquote> <p>This is the ATF definition of a <a href="/wiki/Title_II_weapons" title="Title II weapons">title II</a> "NFA firearm", as defined by the <a href="/wiki/National_Firearms_Act" title="National Firearms Act">National Firearms Act</a>, and not the definition of a title I firearm, which includes firearms not restricted by the NFA. ATF forms dealing with Title II weapons all state the above-mentioned information, however, the above information is only applicable for the purposes of those forms. For practical purposes, a firearm, in the U.S., is defined as the part of a weapon- designed to use expanded gas caused by the combustion of explosive material, to propel a projectile- which houses the fire control group (trigger & sear). </p><p>According to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a>, if gas pressurization is achieved through <i>mechanical</i> <a href="/wiki/Gas_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas compression">gas compression</a> rather than through chemical propellant combustion, then the device is technically an <a href="/wiki/Air_gun" title="Air gun">air gun</a>, not a firearm.<sup id="cite_ref-atfairgun_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atfairgun-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3></div><p> In India, the arms act, 1959, provides a definition of firearms where "firearms" means arms of any description designed or adapted to discharge a projectile or projectiles of any kind by the action of any explosive or other forms of energy, and includes:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>(i) artillery, hand-grenades, riot-pistols or weapons of any kind designed or adapted for the discharge of any noxious liquid, gas, or other such thing,</li> <li>(ii) accessories for any such firearm designed or adapted to diminish the noise or flash caused by the firing thereof,</li> <li>(iii) parts of, and machinery for manufacturing, fire-arms, and</li> <li>(iv) carriages, platforms, and appliances for mounting, transporting and serving artillery;</li></ul> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union">European Union</h3></div> <p>In the European Union, a <a href="/wiki/European_Directive" class="mw-redirect" title="European Directive">European Directive</a> amended by EU directive 2017/853 set minimum standards regarding civilian firearms acquisition and possession that EU member states must implement into their national legal systems. In this context, since 2017, firearms are considered as "any portable barrelled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of a combustible propellant".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For legal reasons, objects can be considered a firearm if they have the appearance of a firearm or are made in a way that makes it possible to convert them to a firearm. Member states may be allowed to exclude from their gun control law items such as antique weapons, or specific purposes items that can only be used for that sole purpose. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> <p>In the UK, a firearm does not have to use a combustible propellant, as explained by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/firearms">Crown Prosecution Service Guidance Firearms</a> The Firearms Act 1968 Section 57(1B), uses the definition of a firearm as a "lethal barrelled weapon" as a "barrelled weapon of any description from which a shot, bullet or other missile, with kinetic energy of more than one joule as measured at the muzzle of the weapon, can be discharged". As such, low-energy air rifles and pistols also fall under UK firearm legislation, although the licensing requirements of low-energy weapons are more relaxed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3></div> <p>In Canada, firearms are defined by the Criminal Code: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>firearm means a barrelled weapon from which any shot, bullet, or other projectile can be discharged and that is capable of causing serious bodily injury or death to a person, and includes any frame or receiver of such a barrelled weapon and anything that can be adapted for use as a firearm; (arme à feu)<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3></div> <p>Australia has a definition of firearms in its 1996 legal act: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"firearm" means any device, whether or not assembled or in parts — </p><ul><li>(a) which is designed or adapted, or is capable of being modified, to discharge shot or a bullet or other missile by the expansion of gases produced in the device by the ignition of strongly combustible materials or by compressed air or other gases, whether stored in the device in pressurised containers or produced in the device by mechanical means; and</li> <li>(b) whether or not operable or complete or temporarily or permanently inoperable or incomplete</li></ul> <p>— and which is not — </p> <ul><li>(c) an industrial tool powered by cartridges containing gunpowder or compressed air or other gases which is designed and intended for use for fixing fasteners or plugs or for similar purposes; or</li> <li>(d) a captive bolt humane killer; or</li> <li>(e) a spear gun designed for underwater use; or</li> <li>(f) a device designed for the discharge of signal flares; or</li> <li>(h) a device commonly known as a kiln gun or ringblaster, designed specifically for knocking out or down solid material in kilns, furnaces or cement silos; or</li> <li>(i) a device commonly known as a line thrower designed for establishing lines between structures or natural features and powered by compressed air to other compressed gases and used for rescue purposes, rescue training or rescue demonstration; or</li> <li>(j) a device of a prescribed class;<sup id="cite_ref-www5.austlii.edu.au_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www5.austlii.edu.au-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3></div> <p>In South Africa, Firearms Control Act [No. 60 of 2000] defines firearms since June 2001, with a 2006 amendment of the definition: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>'firearm' means any- </p><ul><li>(a) device manufactured or designed to propel a bullet or projectile through a barrel or cylinder by means of burning propellant, at a muzzle energy exceeding 8 joules (6 ft-lbs);</li> <li>(b) device manufactured or designed to discharge rim-fire, centre-fire or pin-fire ammunition;</li> <li>(c) device which is not at the time capable of discharging any bullet or projectile, but which can be readily altered to be a firearm within the meaning of paragraph (a) or (b);</li> <li>(d) device manufactured to discharge a bullet or any other projectile of a calibre of 5.6 mm (.22 calibre) or higher at a muzzle energy of more than 8 joules (6 ft-lbs), by means of compressed gas and not by means of burning propellant; or [Para. (d) substituted by s. 1 (b) of Act 43 of 2003.]</li> <li>(e) barrel, frame or receiver of a device referred to in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) or (d), but does not include a muzzle loading firearm or any device contemplated in section 5;<sup id="cite_ref-act60of2000_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act60of2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_treaties">International treaties</h3></div> <p>An inter-American convention defines firearms as: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <ul><li>any barreled weapon which will or is designed to or may be readily converted to expel a bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, except antique firearms manufactured before the 20th Century or their replicas; or</li> <li>any other weapon or destructive device such as any explosive, incendiary or gas bomb, grenade, rocket, rocket launcher, missile, missile system, or mine.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </blockquote> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Protocol_against_the_Illicit_Manufacturing_of_and_Trafficking_in_Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms">international UN protocol on firearms</a> considers that </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Firearm" shall mean any portable barrelled weapon that expels, is designed to expel or may be readily converted to expel a shot, bullet or projectile by the action of an explosive, excluding antique firearms or their replicas. Antique firearms and their replicas shall be defined in accordance with domestic law. In no case, however, shall antique firearms include firearms manufactured after 1899<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <dl><dt>Firearm science and technology</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">Ballistics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Internal_ballistics" title="Internal ballistics">Internal ballistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transitional_ballistics" title="Transitional ballistics">Transitional ballistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/External_ballistics" title="External ballistics">External ballistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terminal_ballistics" title="Terminal ballistics">Terminal ballistics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrothermal-chemical_technology" title="Electrothermal-chemical technology">Electrothermal-chemical technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearm_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearm action">Firearm action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firearms_terms" title="Glossary of firearms terms">Glossary of firearms terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunsmith" title="Gunsmith">Gunsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_of_firearms" title="Physics of firearms">Physics of firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_forward_grip" title="Vertical forward grip">Vertical forward grip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision-guided_firearm" title="Precision-guided firearm">Precision-guided firearm</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Firearms and society</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_travel_with_firearms_and_ammunition" title="Air travel with firearms and ammunition">Air travel with firearms and ammunition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebratory_gunfire" title="Celebratory gunfire">Celebratory gunfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearms law">Firearms law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gun_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun politics">Gun politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearms ownership">Firearms ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">Gun control</a>, <a href="/wiki/Small_arms_trade" title="Small arms trade">Small arms trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms" title="Right to keep and bear arms">Right to keep and bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun culture">Gun culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">Gun safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_serial_number" title="Gun serial number">Gun serial number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_violence" title="Gun violence">Gun violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_gun_politics_articles" title="Index of gun politics articles">Index of gun politics articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_carry_in_the_United_States" title="Open carry in the United States">Open carry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Concealed_carry" title="Concealed carry">Concealed carry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overview_of_gun_laws_by_nation" title="Overview of gun laws by nation">Overview of gun laws by nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_night_special" title="Saturday night special">Saturday night special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_range" title="Shooting range">Shooting range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting sport">Shooting sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_firearms" title="List of firearms">List of firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_weapons" title="List of aircraft weapons">List of aircraft weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battle_rifles" title="List of battle rifles">List of battle rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_infantry_weapons" title="List of World War II infantry weapons">List of World War II infantry weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_firearm_brands" title="List of firearm brands">List of firearm brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_infantry_weapons_of_World_War_I" title="List of infantry weapons of World War I">List of infantry weapons of World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pistols" title="List of pistols">List of pistols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_secondary_and_special-issue_World_War_II_infantry_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="List of secondary and special-issue World War II infantry weapons">List of secondary and special-issue World War II infantry weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shotguns" title="List of shotguns">List of shotguns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sniper_rifles" title="List of sniper rifles">List of sniper rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submachine_guns" title="List of submachine guns">List of submachine guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_military_aircraft_of_Germany_during_World_War_II" title="List of weapons of military aircraft of Germany during World War II">List of weapons of military aircraft of Germany during World War II</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Firearms organizations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shooting_sports_organizations" title="List of shooting sports organizations">List of shooting sports organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Forum_on_Shooting_Activities" title="World Forum on Shooting Activities">World Forum on Shooting Activities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Biathlon_Union" title="International Biathlon Union">International Biathlon Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Shooting_Sport_Federation" title="International Shooting Sport Federation">International Shooting Sport Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Associations_for_Hunting_and_Conservation_of_the_EU" title="Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU">Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cole-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cole_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cole_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCole2016" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Suzanne N. (November 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0188S1QXU/"><i>Association of Firearm Instructors – Glossary of Firearm Terms</i></a>. Association of Firearm Instructors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613123506/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0188S1QXU/">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Association+of+Firearm+Instructors+%E2%80%93+Glossary+of+Firearm+Terms&rft.pub=Association+of+Firearm+Instructors&rft.date=2016-11-19&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Suzanne+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0188S1QXU%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Merriam-webster.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Merriam-webster.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Merriam-webster.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/firearm">"Merriam-Webster Dictionary, "Firearm"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170602151334/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/firearm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary%2C+%22Firearm%22&rft.pub=Merriam-webster.com&rft.date=2012-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Ffirearm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Firearm-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Firearm_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Firearm_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Firearm". <i>American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i> (4 ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Firearm&rft.btitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Firearm". <i>Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged</i>. HarperCollins Publishers. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Firearm&rft.btitle=Collins+English+Dictionary+%E2%80%93+Complete+and+Unabridged&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Helaine-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Helaine_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helaine_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelaine_Selin1997" class="citation book cs1">Helaine Selin (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=raKRY3KQspsC&pg=PA389"><i>Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures</i></a>. Springer. p. 389. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-4066-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-4066-9"><bdi>978-0-7923-4066-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009040612/http://books.google.com/books?id=raKRY3KQspsC&pg=PA389">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512222707/https://www.britannica.com/technology/small-arm">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Small+arm&rft.date=2017-11-07&rft.aulast=Weller&rft.aufirst=Jac&rft.au=Guilmartin%2C+John&rft.au=Ezell%2C+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftechnology%2Fsmall-arm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smallarmssurvey.org-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smallarmssurvey.org_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smallarmssurvey.org_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smallarmssurvey.org_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180619120414/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/de/about-us/highlights/2018/highlight-bp-firearms-holdings.html">"Small Arms Survey reveals: More than one billion firearms in the world"</a>. <i>Small Arms Survey</i>. 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/de/about-us/highlights/2018/highlight-bp-firearms-holdings.html">the original</a> on June 19, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Small+Arms+Survey&rft.atitle=Small+Arms+Survey+reveals%3A+More+than+one+billion+firearms+in+the+world&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smallarmssurvey.org%2Fde%2Fabout-us%2Fhighlights%2F2018%2Fhighlight-bp-firearms-holdings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAaron_Karp2018" class="citation report cs1">Aaron Karp (June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620231909/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/T-Briefing-Papers/SAS-BP-Civilian-Firearms-Numbers.pdf">Estimating Global Civilian-Held Firearms Numbers</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Small Arms Survey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/T-Briefing-Papers/SAS-BP-Civilian-Firearms-Numbers.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 20, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Estimating+Global+Civilian-Held+Firearms+Numbers&rft.pub=Small+Arms+Survey&rft.date=2018-06&rft.au=Aaron+Karp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smallarmssurvey.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fdocs%2FT-Briefing-Papers%2FSAS-BP-Civilian-Firearms-Numbers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-act60of2000-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-act60of2000_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act60of2000_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saps.gov.za/resource_centre/acts/downloads/juta/act60of2000.pdf">"Firearms Control Act 60 of 2000"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>South African Police Service</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200612093412/https://www.saps.gov.za/resource_centre/acts/downloads/juta/act60of2000.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+African+Police+Service&rft.atitle=Firearms+Control+Act+60+of+2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saps.gov.za%2Fresource_centre%2Facts%2Fdownloads%2Fjuta%2Fact60of2000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www5.austlii.edu.au-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www5.austlii.edu.au_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www5.austlii.edu.au_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/fa1996102/s3.html">"Firearms Act 1996 - Sect 3 Definitions"</a>. <i>AustLII</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200612093619/http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/fa1996102/s3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AustLII&rft.atitle=Firearms+Act+1996+-+Sect+3+Definitions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww5.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fvic%2Fconsol_act%2Ffa1996102%2Fs3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2018-title18/html/USCODE-2018-title18-partI-chap44-sec921.htm">"U.S.C. Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure | Part I - Crimes | Chapter 44 - Firearms | Sec. 921 - Definitions"</a>. <i>GovInfo</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024224614/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2018-title18/html/USCODE-2018-title18-partI-chap44-sec921.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GovInfo&rft.atitle=U.S.C.+Title+18+-+Crimes+and+Criminal+Procedure+%7C+Part+I+-+Crimes+%7C+Chapter+44+-+Firearms+%7C+Sec.+921+-+Definitions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FUSCODE-2018-title18%2Fhtml%2FUSCODE-2018-title18-partI-chap44-sec921.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atf.gov/firearms/firearms-guides-importation-verification-firearms-gun-control-act-definition-pistol">"Firearms - Guides - Importation & Verification of Firearms - Gun Control Act Definition - Pistol"</a>. <i>Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200920014146/https://www.atf.gov/firearms/firearms-guides-importation-verification-firearms-gun-control-act-definition-pistol">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bureau+of+Alcohol%2C+Tobacco%2C+Firearms+and+Explosives&rft.atitle=Firearms+-+Guides+-+Importation+%26+Verification+of+Firearms+-+Gun+Control+Act+Definition+-+Pistol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atf.gov%2Ffirearms%2Ffirearms-guides-importation-verification-firearms-gun-control-act-definition-pistol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BritanicaDef-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BritanicaDef_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/39165/assault-rifle">"Assault rifle"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 3 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121124070604/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/39165/assault-rifle">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Assault+rifle&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2010-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F39165%2Fassault-rifle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Taylor, <i>The Fighting Rifle: A Complete Study of the Rifle in Combat</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87947-308-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87947-308-8">0-87947-308-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F.A. Moyer <i>Special Forces Foreign Weapons Handbook</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87364-009-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87364-009-8">0-87364-009-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.J. Scroggie, F.A. Moyer <i>Special Forces Combat Firing Techniques</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87364-010-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87364-010-1">0-87364-010-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Musgave,_Daniel_D._1967-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Musgave,_Daniel_D._1967_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Musgave, Daniel D., and Thomas B. Nelson, <i>The World's Assault Rifles</i>, vol. II, The Goetz Company, Washington, D.C. (1967): 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pump-action">"Definition of PUMP-ACTION"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118200826/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pump-action">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+PUMP-ACTION&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fpump-action&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Gunshot Wounds: Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics, and Forensic Techniques," Vincent J. M. DiMaio, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8493-8163-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8493-8163-0">0-8493-8163-0</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VbrDbbHAflsC&dq=%22firearm+as+a+blunt+weapon%22&pg=PA270">pp. 270-271</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConklin1972" class="citation book cs1">Conklin, John E. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ehIZAAAAIAAJ&q=%22as+a+blunt%22"><i>Robbery and the Criminal Justice System</i></a>. Lippincott. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-397-47220-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-397-47220-8"><bdi>978-0-397-47220-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robbery+and+the+Criminal+Justice+System&rft.pub=Lippincott&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-397-47220-8&rft.aulast=Conklin&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DehIZAAAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522as%2Ba%2Bblunt%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=butt+stroke">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Butt Stroke"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Butt+Stroke%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dbutt%2Bstroke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pistol%20whipping">"Pistol-whip Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pistol-whip+Definition+%26+Meaning+%26%23124%3B+Dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fpistol%2520whipping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sky.com/story/1539905/us-soldier-how-we-stopped-train-gunman">"US Soldier: How We Stopped Train Gunman"</a>. <i>Sky News</i>. 22 Aug 2015. <q>Then I grabbed the AK (assault rifle), which was at his feet, and started muzzle thumping him in the head with it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=US+Soldier%3A+How+We+Stopped+Train+Gunman&rft.date=2015-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2F1539905%2Fus-soldier-how-we-stopped-train-gunman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHo_Peng_Yoke1997" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Ho Peng Yoke (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=raKRY3KQspsC&pg=PA389">"Gunpowder"</a>. In Selin, Helaine (ed.). <i>Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures</i>. Springer. p. 389. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-4066-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-4066-9"><bdi>978-0-7923-4066-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131009040612/http://books.google.com/books?id=raKRY3KQspsC&pg=PA389">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gunpowder&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+History+of+Science%2C+Technology%2C+and+Medicine+in+Non-Western+Cultures&rft.pages=389&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-4066-9&rft.au=Ho+Peng+Yoke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DraKRY3KQspsC%26pg%3DPA389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase2003">Chase 2003</a>, p. 32: "The earliest true firearms may well date from as early as the first half of the 1100s. The evidence comes from sculptures in a Buddhist cave temple in Sichuan. [...] The earliest inscription in the cave dates from 1128, but even the later inscriptions all date from the 1100s [...]."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase200331–32-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase200331–32_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase200331–32_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase2003">Chase 2003</a>, pp. 31–32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-needham_volume_5_part_7_293_294-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-needham_volume_5_part_7_293_294_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham1986">Needham 1986</a>:293–94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase200332-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase200332_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase2003">Chase 2003</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Hassan2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Y._al-Hassan" title="Ahmad Y. al-Hassan">Al-Hassan, Ahmad Y.</a> (2003). "Gunpowder Composition for Rockets and Cannon in Arabic Military Treatises in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries". <i>ICON</i>. <b>9</b>. <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_for_the_History_of_Technology" title="International Committee for the History of Technology">International Committee for the History of Technology</a>: 1–30. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1361-8113">1361-8113</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23790667">23790667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICON&rft.atitle=Gunpowder+Composition+for+Rockets+and+Cannon+in+Arabic+Military+Treatises+in+the+Thirteenth+and+Fourteenth+Centuries&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=1-30&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23790667%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1361-8113&rft.aulast=Al-Hassan&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroughtonBurris2010" class="citation book cs1">Broughton, George; Burris, David (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/9781934854013.3">"War and Medicine: A Brief History of the Military's Contribution to Wound Care Through World War I"</a>. <i>Advances in Wound Care: Volume 1</i>. <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Liebert" title="Mary Ann Liebert">Mary Ann Liebert</a>. pp. 3–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2F9781934854013.3">10.1089/9781934854013.3</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781934854013" title="Special:BookSources/9781934854013"><bdi>9781934854013</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051335/https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/9781934854013.3">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2019</span>. <q>The first hand cannon appeared during the 1260 Battle of Ain Jalut between the Egyptians and Mongols in the Middle East</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=War+and+Medicine%3A+A+Brief+History+of+the+Military%27s+Contribution+to+Wound+Care+Through+World+War+I&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Wound+Care%3A+Volume+1&rft.pages=3-7&rft.pub=Mary+Ann+Liebert&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2F9781934854013.3&rft.isbn=9781934854013&rft.aulast=Broughton&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Burris%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liebertpub.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1089%2F9781934854013.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooksDickieJesticeJorgensen2009" class="citation book cs1">Books, Amber; Dickie, Iain; Jestice, Phyllis; Jorgensen, Christer; Rice, Rob S.; Dougherty, Martin J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9iYLAQAAMAAJ"><i>Fighting Techniques of Naval Warfare: Strategy, Weapons, Commanders, and Ships: 1190 BC – Present</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780312554538" title="Special:BookSources/9780312554538"><bdi>9780312554538</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191230082704/https://books.google.com/books?id=9iYLAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-24</span></span>. <q>Known to the Arabs as midfa, was the ancestor of all subsequent forms of cannon. Materials evolved from bamboo to wood to iron quickly enough for the Egyptian Mamelukes to employ the weapon against the Mongols at the battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, which ended the Mongol advance into the Mediterranean world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Techniques+of+Naval+Warfare%3A+Strategy%2C+Weapons%2C+Commanders%2C+and+Ships%3A+1190+BC+%E2%80%93+Present&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780312554538&rft.aulast=Books&rft.aufirst=Amber&rft.au=Dickie%2C+Iain&rft.au=Jestice%2C+Phyllis&rft.au=Jorgensen%2C+Christer&rft.au=Rice%2C+Rob+S.&rft.au=Dougherty%2C+Martin+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9iYLAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase20031-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase20031_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase2003">Chase 2003</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crawfurd-1856-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crawfurd-1856_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crawfurd-1856_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawfurd1856" class="citation book cs1">Crawfurd, John (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adescriptivedic00crawgoog"><i>A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries</i></a>. Bradbury and Evans.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Descriptive+Dictionary+of+the+Indian+Islands+and+Adjacent+Countries&rft.pub=Bradbury+and+Evans&rft.date=1856&rft.aulast=Crawfurd&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadescriptivedic00crawgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayers (1876). "Chinese explorations of the Indian Ocean during the fifteenth century". <i>The China Review</i>. <b>IV</b>: p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manguin-1976-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Manguin-1976_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManguin1976" class="citation journal cs1">Manguin, Pierre-Yves (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02509117/file/arasi_0004-3958_1976_num_32_1_1103.pdf">"L'Artillerie legere nousantarienne: A propos de six canons conserves dans des collections portugaises"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Arts Asiatiques</i>. <b>32</b>: 233–268. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Farasi.1976.1103">10.3406/arasi.1976.1103</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191565174">191565174</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017043603/https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02509117/file/arasi_0004-3958_1976_num_32_1_1103.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arts+Asiatiques&rft.atitle=L%27Artillerie+legere+nousantarienne%3A+A+propos+de+six+canons+conserves+dans+des+collections+portugaises&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=233-268&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Farasi.1976.1103&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191565174%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Manguin&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhalshs.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhalshs-02509117%2Ffile%2Farasi_0004-3958_1976_num_32_1_1103.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tiaoyuan-1969-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tiaoyuan-1969_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiaoyuan1969" class="citation book cs1">Tiaoyuan, Li (1969). <i>South Vietnamese Notes</i>. Guangju Book Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Vietnamese+Notes&rft.pub=Guangju+Book+Office&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Tiaoyuan&rft.aufirst=Li&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andaya, L. Y. 1999. Interaction with the outside world and adaptation in Southeast Asian society 1500–1800. In <i>The Cambridge history of southeast Asia</i>. ed. Nicholas Tarling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 345–401.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daehnhardt-1994-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Daehnhardt-1994_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The bewitched gun : the introduction of the firearm in the Far East by the Portuguese</i>, by Rainer Daehnhardt 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eaton-2013-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eaton-2013_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaton2013" class="citation book cs1">Eaton, Richard M. (2013). <i>Expanding Frontiers in South Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of John F. Richards</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107034280" title="Special:BookSources/9781107034280"><bdi>9781107034280</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expanding+Frontiers+in+South+Asian+and+World+History%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+John+F.+Richards&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781107034280&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgerton1880" class="citation book cs1">Egerton, W. (1880). <i>An Illustrated Handbook of Indian Arms</i>. W.H. Allen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Illustrated+Handbook+of+Indian+Arms&rft.pub=W.H.+Allen&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Egerton&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarling1992" class="citation book cs1">Tarling, Nicholas (1992). <i>The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: Volume 1, From Early Times to C.1800</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IRRC&rft.atitle=The+1899+Hague+Declaration+concerning+Expanding+Bullets+A+treaty+effective+for+more+than+100+years+faces+complex+contemporary+issues&rft.volume=85&rft.pages=137&rft.aulast=Coupland&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrc.org%2Fen%2Fdoc%2Fassets%2Ffiles%2Fother%2Firrc_849_coupland_et_loye.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://allthingsliberty.com/2013/07/the-inaccuracy-of-muskets/">"The Inaccuracy of Muskets"</a>. <i>Journal of the American Revolution</i>. 2013-07-15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180409110127/https://allthingsliberty.com/2013/07/the-inaccuracy-of-muskets/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-04-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Revolution&rft.atitle=The+Inaccuracy+of+Muskets&rft.date=2013-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fallthingsliberty.com%2F2013%2F07%2Fthe-inaccuracy-of-muskets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chase-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chase_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase2003">Chase 2003</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/development-early-handguns.html">"Andrew Knighton, The Development of Early Handguns, warhistoryonline.com, Oct 19, 2018"</a>. 19 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227152539/https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/development-early-handguns.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andrew+Knighton%2C+The+Development+of+Early+Handguns%2C+warhistoryonline.com%2C+Oct+19%2C+2018&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warhistoryonline.com%2Finstant-articles%2Fdevelopment-early-handguns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090302211812/http://scotwars.com/html/equip_firearms2.htm">"Roman Candle Gun"</a>. <i>Scotwars.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotwars.com/html/equip_firearms2.htm#3">the original</a> on March 2, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scotwars.com&rft.atitle=Roman+Candle+Gun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotwars.com%2Fhtml%2Fequip_firearms2.htm%233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.credoreference.com/entry/move/musket">"> Where Are You From?"</a>. Credo Reference<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Matchlocks, Flintlocks, and Saltpetre: The Chronological Implications for the Use of Matchlock Muskets among Ottoman-Period Bedouin in the Southern Levant." <i>International Journal of Historical Archaeology</i> 4 (2000): 191–215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDK2014" class="citation book cs1">DK (2014-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ma0MAwAAQBAJ&q=asian+snap+matchlock&pg=PA74"><i>Firearms: An Illustrated History</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-3089-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-3089-2"><bdi>978-1-4654-3089-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211219202931/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ma0MAwAAQBAJ&q=asian+snap+matchlock&pg=PA74">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Firearms%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4654-3089-2&rft.au=DK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMa0MAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dasian%2Bsnap%2Bmatchlock%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firearmsadvantage.com/history_of_firearms.html">"History of firearms"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222090129/http://www.firearmsadvantage.com/history_of_firearms.html">Archived</a> 2015-12-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (fireadvantages.com)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firearmsadvantage.com/how_guns_work.html">"How guns work"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222103328/http://www.firearmsadvantage.com/how_guns_work.html">Archived</a> 2015-12-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (fireadvantages.com)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlayderman2007" class="citation book cs1">Flayderman, Norm (2007). <i>Flayderman's Guide to Antique American Firearms and Their Values</i> (9 ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Media, Inc. p. 775. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89689-455-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89689-455-6"><bdi>978-0-89689-455-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flayderman%27s+Guide+to+Antique+American+Firearms+and+Their+Values&rft.place=Iola%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=775&rft.edition=9&rft.pub=F%2BW+Media%2C+Inc&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-89689-455-6&rft.aulast=Flayderman&rft.aufirst=Norm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BarnesBodinson2009-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BarnesBodinson2009_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnesBodinson2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Barnes_(gunsmith)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Barnes (gunsmith)">Barnes, Frank C.</a>; Bodinson, Holt (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3_-kUkNXTNwC&pg=PA441">"American Rimfire Cartridges"</a>. <i>Cartridges of the World: A Complete and Illustrated Reference for Over 1500 Cartridges</i>. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 441. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89689-936-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89689-936-0"><bdi>978-0-89689-936-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=American+Rimfire+Cartridges&rft.btitle=Cartridges+of+the+World%3A+A+Complete+and+Illustrated+Reference+for+Over+1500+Cartridges&rft.place=Iola%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=441&rft.pub=Gun+Digest+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-89689-936-0&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Frank+C.&rft.au=Bodinson%2C+Holt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3_-kUkNXTNwC%26pg%3DPA441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arquebusiers.be/section-tir.htm">Shooting section (<i>la section de tir</i>)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110001815/http://www.arquebusiers.be/section-tir.htm">Archived</a> 2013-11-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of the official website (in French) of a modern indoor-shooting association in Belgium, <i>Les Arquebusier de Visé</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-who2001-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-who2001_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who2001_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who2001_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who2001_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who2001_57-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/66838/WHO_NMH_VIP_01.1.pdf;jsessionid=D97C161DECB72535C8C8CA1E25F94CD8?sequence=1">"Small Arms and Global Health"</a>. <i>World Health Organization</i>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(15)01030-X/pdf">PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190202104515/https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(15)01030-X/pdf">Archived</a> 2019-02-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GBD2015-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GBD2015_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangNaghavi2016" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Haidong; Naghavi, MohsenA (October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388903">"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGBD_2013_Mortality_and_Causes_of_Death2014" class="citation journal cs1">GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340604">"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"</a>. <i>Lancet</i>. <b>385</b> (9963): 117–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2814%2961682-2">10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340604">4340604</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25530442">25530442</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Global%2C+regional%2C+and+national+age-sex+specific+all-cause+and+cause-specific+mortality+for+240+causes+of+death%2C+1990%E2%80%932013%3A+a+systematic+analysis+for+the+Global+Burden+of+Disease+Study+2013.&rft.volume=385&rft.issue=9963&rft.pages=117-71&rft.date=2014-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4340604%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25530442&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2814%2961682-2&rft.aulast=GBD+2013+Mortality+and+Causes+of+Death&rft.aufirst=Collaborators&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4340604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first1=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WPP2015total-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WPP2015total_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222125602/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DVD/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2015_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.XLS">"World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Healthy+Hearing&rft.atitle=Gunshots+and+hearing+loss+--+why+hearing+protection+is+vital&rft.date=2007-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthyhearing.com%2Freport%2F7904-Shooting-sports-and-hearing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASLHA-2019-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ASLHA-2019_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASLHA-2019_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASLHA-2019_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASLHA-2019_75-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Recreational-Firearm-Noise-Exposure/">"Recreational Firearm Noise Exposure"</a>. <i>American Speech-Language-Hearing Association</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190904130921/https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Recreational-Firearm-Noise-Exposure/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Speech-Language-Hearing+Association&rft.atitle=Recreational+Firearm+Noise+Exposure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asha.org%2Fpublic%2Fhearing%2FRecreational-Firearm-Noise-Exposure%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atfairgun-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atfairgun_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atf.gov/firearms/faq/firearms-technology.html#air-gun-regulation">US Federal Govt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150503044932/https://www.atf.gov/firearms/faq/firearms-technology.html#air-gun-regulation">Archived</a> 2015-05-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> does not consider an air gun to be a firearm and does not regulate airguns as firearms</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Parliament_and_the_Council2008" class="citation web cs1">European Parliament and the Council (21 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32008L0051">"DIRECTIVE 2008/51/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 amending Council Directive 91/477/EEC on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190804145404/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0051">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DIRECTIVE+2008%2F51%2FEC+OF+THE+EUROPEAN+PARLIAMENT+AND+OF+THE+COUNCIL+of+21+May+2008+amending+Council+Directive+91%2F477%2FEEC+on+control+of+the+acquisition+and+possession+of+weapons&rft.date=2008-05-21&rft.au=European+Parliament+and+the+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2Flegal-content%2Fen%2FALL%2F%3Furi%3DCELEX%3A32008L0051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/page-1.html">"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Criminal Code"</a>. 6 May 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200222142419/https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/page-1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consolidated+federal+laws+of+Canada%2C+Criminal+Code&rft.date=2021-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaws-lois.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Facts%2FC-46%2Fpage-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/asmp/campaigns/smallarms/Cifta_Convention_text.htm">"Inter-American Convention Against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives, and Other Related Materials"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201001023/https://fas.org/asmp/campaigns/smallarms/Cifta_Convention_text.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inter-American+Convention+Against+the+Illicit+Manufacturing+of+and+Trafficking+in+Firearms%2C+Ammunition%2C+Explosives%2C+and+Other+Related+Materials&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fasmp%2Fcampaigns%2Fsmallarms%2FCifta_Convention_text.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/RecentTexts/18-12_c_E.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027154039/https://treaties.un.org/doc/source/RecentTexts/18-12_c_E.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-10-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2Fdoc%2Fsource%2FRecentTexts%2F18-12_c_E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrade2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tonio_Andrade" title="Tonio Andrade">Andrade, Tonio</a> (2016). <i>The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13597-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13597-7"><bdi>978-0-691-13597-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gunpowder+Age%3A+China%2C+Military+Innovation%2C+and+the+Rise+of+the+West+in+World+History&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13597-7&rft.aulast=Andrade&rft.aufirst=Tonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChase2003" class="citation book cs1">Chase, Kenneth (2003). <i>Firearms: A Global History to 1700</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82274-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-82274-9"><bdi>978-0-521-82274-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Firearms%3A+A+Global+History+to+1700&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-82274-9&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole2017" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Suzanne N. (2017). <i>Association of Firearm Instructors Glossary of Firearm Terms: 2017–2018 Edition</i>. United States: The Association of Firearm Instructors. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9982150-3-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9982150-3-7"><bdi>978-0-9982150-3-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Association+of+Firearm+Instructors+Glossary+of+Firearm+Terms%3A+2017%E2%80%932018+Edition&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=The+Association+of+Firearm+Instructors&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-9982150-3-7&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Suzanne+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrosby2002" class="citation book cs1">Crosby, Alfred W. (2002). <i>Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology Through History</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79158-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79158-8"><bdi>978-0-521-79158-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Throwing+Fire%3A+Projectile+Technology+Through+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-79158-8&rft.aulast=Crosby&rft.aufirst=Alfred+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeedham1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Needham, Joseph</a> (1986). <i>Science & Civilisation in China</i>. Vol. 7 <i>The Gunpowder Epic</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-30358-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-30358-3"><bdi>978-0-521-30358-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+%26+Civilisation+in+China&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-521-30358-3&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirearm" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Firearms" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Firearms">Firearms</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Weapons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Weapons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapons</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons" title="History of weapons">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_premodern_combat_weapons" title="List of premodern combat weapons">Premodern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_Weapons" title="Template:Africa Weapons">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_weapons" title="Template:Chinese weapons">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_weapons" title="List of medieval weapons">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_swords" title="Glossary of Japanese swords">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_thermal_weapons" title="Early thermal weapons">Early thermal weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Modern_weapons" title="Category:Modern weapons">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_weaponry_and_warfare" title="Napoleonic weaponry and warfare">Napoleonic Warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Wars_weapons" title="List of American Indian Wars weapons">American Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_weapons_of_the_War_of_the_Pacific&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of weapons of the War of the Pacific (page does not exist)">War of the Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_weapons_in_the_Crimean_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of weapons in the Crimean War (page does not exist)">Crimean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="List of weapons in the American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_weapons_of_the_War_of_the_Triple_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of weapons of the War of the Triple Alliance (page does not exist)">War of the Triple Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_the_Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="List of weapons of the Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_weapons_of_the_Mexican_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of weapons of the Mexican Revolution (page does not exist)">Mexican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antique_firearms" title="Antique firearms">Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_firearms_before_the_20th_century" title="List of firearms before the 20th century">Pre-20th century firearms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_I" title="Technology during World War I">World War I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of Australia (page does not exist)">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_Austria-Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of Austria-Hungary (page does not exist)">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of Canada (page does not exist)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of France (page does not exist)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_weapons_of_World_War_I" title="List of German weapons of World War I">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_equipment_of_the_Hellenic_Armed_Forces#Interwar_(1923–1939)_and_World_War_II_(1940–1945)" title="List of former equipment of the Hellenic Armed Forces">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of India (page does not exist)">India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of Italy (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of Japan (page does not exist)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of New Zealand (page does not exist)">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of Portugal (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_military_equipment_of_World_War_I" title="Romanian military equipment of World War I">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of Russia (page does not exist)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of the United Kingdom (page does not exist)">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_War_I_weapons_of_the_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World War I weapons of the United States (page does not exist)">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_infantry_weapons_of_World_War_I" title="List of infantry weapons of World War I">Infantry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interwar period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chaco_War_firearms" title="List of Chaco War firearms">Chaco War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_Civil_War_weapons_of_the_Nationalists" title="List of Spanish Civil War weapons of the Nationalists">Nationalist</a>/<a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_Civil_War_weapons_of_the_Republicans" title="List of Spanish Civil War weapons of the Republicans">Republican</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_of_the_Second_Sino-Japanese_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weapons of the Second Sino-Japanese War (page does not exist)">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_infantry_weapons_used_in_the_Second-Sino_Japanese_War" title="List of Japanese infantry weapons used in the Second-Sino Japanese War">Japanese</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_National_Revolutionary_Army_infantry_weapons_used_in_the_Second-Sino_Japanese_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of National Revolutionary Army infantry weapons used in the Second-Sino Japanese War (page does not exist)">National Revolutionary Army</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_weapons" title="List of World War II weapons">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Australian military equipment of World War II">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Austrian_military_equipment_of_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Austrian military equipment of World War II (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Belgian_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Belgian military equipment of World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Brazilian_military_equipment_of_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Brazilian military equipment of World War II (page does not exist)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bulgarian_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Bulgarian military equipment of World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_equipment_of_the_Canadian_Army_in_World_War_II" title="List of military equipment of the Canadian Army in World War II">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_military_equipment_in_World_War_II" title="List of Chinese military equipment in World War II">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Croatian military equipment of World War II">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Czechoslovakian_military_equipment_of_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Czechoslovakian military equipment of World War II (page does not exist)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Danish military equipment of World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finnish_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Finnish military equipment of World War II">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_weapons_of_France" title="List of World War II weapons of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of German military equipment of World War II">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_equipment_of_the_Hellenic_Armed_Forces#Interwar_(1923–1939)_and_World_War_II_(1940–1945)" title="List of former equipment of the Hellenic Armed Forces">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Hungarian military equipment of World War II">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_Army_equipment_in_World_War_II" title="List of Italian Army equipment in World War II">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Japanese military equipment of World War II">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Mexican_military_equipment_of_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Mexican military equipment of World War II (page does not exist)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dutch_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Dutch military equipment of World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_New_Zealand_military_equipment_of_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of New Zealand military equipment of World War II (page does not exist)">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Norwegian military equipment of World War II">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_equipment_of_Poland" title="List of World War II military equipment of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Romanian military equipment of World War II">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Soviet Union military equipment of World War II">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thailand_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Thailand military equipment of World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_weapons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World War II weapons of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_weapons_of_the_United_States" title="List of World War II weapons of the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yugoslav_military_equipment_of_World_War_II" title="List of Yugoslav military equipment of World War II">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_infantry_weapons" title="List of World War II infantry weapons">Infantry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>First Indochina War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_War_weapons" title="List of Korean War weapons">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_the_Vietnam_War" title="Weapons of the Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_of_the_Six-Day_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weapons of the Six-Day War (page does not exist)">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_of_the_Araguaia_Guerrilla_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weapons of the Araguaia Guerrilla War (page does not exist)">Araguaia Guerilla War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_the_Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="List of weapons of the Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_the_Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="List of weapons of the Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_of_the_South_African_Border_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weapons of the South African Border War (page does not exist)">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_the_Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Weapons of the Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_military_equipment_of_Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List military equipment of Cambodian–Vietnamese War (page does not exist)">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of the Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_the_Laotian_Civil_War" title="Weapons of the Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_the_Lebanese_Civil_War" title="List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_of_the_Dominican_Civil_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weapons of the Dominican Civil War (page does not exist)">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_of_the_Nicaraguan_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weapons of the Nicaraguan Revolution (page does not exist)">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_the_Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Weapons of the Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_equipment_used_by_mujahideen_during_Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of military equipment used by mujahideen during Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gulf_War_military_equipment" title="List of Gulf War military equipment">Gulf War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-Cold_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Cold War">Post-Cold War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Yugoslav_Wars_military_equipment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Yugoslav Wars military equipment (page does not exist)">Yugoslav Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Afghanistan_War_military_equipment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Afghanistan War military equipment (page does not exist)">Afghanistan War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Iraq_War_military_equipment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Iraq War military equipment (page does not exist)">Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Russo-Georgian_War_military_equipment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Russo-Georgian War military equipment (page does not exist)">Russo-Georgian War</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Syrian_Civil_War_military_equipment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Syrian Civil War military equipment (page does not exist)">Syrian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russo-Ukrainian_War_military_equipment" title="List of Russo-Ukrainian War military equipment">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_weapons" title="List of aircraft weapons">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancillary_weapon" title="Ancillary weapon">Ancillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Anti-aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_weapon" title="Anti-ballistic weapon">Anti-ballistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-personnel_weapon" title="Anti-personnel weapon">Anti-personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_warfare" title="Anti-tank warfare">Anti-tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_denial_weapon" title="Area denial weapon">Area denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_agent" title="Biological agent">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blunt_instrument" title="Blunt instrument">Blunt instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_weapon" title="Ceremonial weapon">Ceremonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapon" title="Chemical weapon">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_weapon" title="Cold weapon">Cold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_weapon" title="Conventional weapon">Conventional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew-served_weapon" title="Crew-served weapon">Crew-served</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberweapon" title="Cyberweapon">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadly_weapon" title="Deadly weapon">Deadly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directed-energy_weapon" title="Directed-energy weapon">Directed-energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosive_weapon" title="Explosive weapon">Explosive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depth_charge" title="Depth charge">Depth charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bombs" title="List of bombs">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Firearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_weapon" title="Hunting weapon">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvised_weapon" title="Improvised weapon">Improvised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incendiary_device" title="Incendiary device">Incendiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_weapons_and_tactics" title="Insurgency weapons and tactics">Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_martial_arts_weapons" title="List of martial arts weapons">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destruction" title="Weapon of mass destruction">Mass destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-lethal_weapon" title="Non-lethal weapon">Non-lethal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_weapon" title="Offensive weapon">Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_pistol" title="Service pistol">Personal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumatic_weapon" title="Pneumatic weapon">Pneumatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_practice_weapons" title="List of practice weapons">Practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranged_weapon" title="Ranged weapon">Ranged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_weapon" title="Space weapon">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonic_weapon" title="Tectonic weapon">Tectonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">Torpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_gun" title="Toy gun">Toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_vehicle" title="Military vehicle">Vehicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combat_vehicle" title="Combat vehicle">Combat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal" title="Arsenal">Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_mount" title="Weapon mount">Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_ownership" title="Gun ownership">Civilian gun ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_in_science_fiction" title="Weapons in science fiction">Science fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Weapons" title="Category:Weapons">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Early_firearms_and_thermal_weapons" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Early_firearms" title="Template:Early firearms"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Early_firearms" title="Template talk:Early firearms"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Early_firearms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Early firearms"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Early_firearms_and_thermal_weapons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Early firearms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_thermal_weapons" title="Early thermal weapons">thermal weapons</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_gunpowder_age" title="Timeline of the gunpowder age">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_gunpowder" title="History of gunpowder">History of gunpowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_gunpowder_and_gun_transmission" title="Historiography of gunpowder and gun transmission">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_firearm" title="History of the firearm">History of the firearm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearms">Firearms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">Arquebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajozutsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajozutsu">Bajozutsu pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedil_tombak" title="Bedil tombak">Bedil tumbak hand cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blunderbuss" title="Blunderbuss">Blunderbuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_gun" title="Combination gun">Combination gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_(firearm)" title="Dragon (firearm)">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_horse_pistol" class="mw-redirect" title="English horse pistol">English horse pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">Fire lance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_cannon" title="Hand cannon">Hand cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_mortar" title="Hand mortar">Hand mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang_hand_cannon" title="Heilongjiang hand cannon">Heilongjiang hand cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howdah_pistol" title="Howdah pistol">Howdah pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_Chong" class="mw-redirect" title="Huo Chong">Huo Chong hand cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">Huo Qiang lance hand cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istinggar" title="Istinggar">Istinggar arquebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_arquebus" title="Java arquebus">Java arquebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi_arquebus" title="Jiaozhi arquebus">Jiaozhi arquebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_meriam_kecil" title="Miniature meriam kecil">Meriam kecil hand cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muff_pistol" class="mw-redirect" title="Muff pistol">Muff pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nock_gun" title="Nock gun">Nock M1779 seven barrel gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petronel" title="Petronel">Petronel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepperbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepperbox">Pepperbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol#History_and_etymology" title="Pistol">Pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puckle_gun" title="Puckle gun">Puckle Μ1717 revolver gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Yan_Chong" class="mw-redirect" title="San Yan Chong">San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon</a></li> <li>Shou Chong hand cannon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_(gun)" title="Tanegashima (gun)">Tanegashima arquebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toradar" title="Toradar">Toradar arquebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu_Huo_Qiang" title="Tu Huo Qiang">Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifles">Rifles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muskets" class="mw-redirect" title="Muskets">muskets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belton_flintlock" title="Belton flintlock">Belton M1777 repeating musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Bess" title="Brown Bess">Brown Bess musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville_musket" title="Charleville musket">Charleville musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Dian_Chong" title="Che Dian Chong">Che Dian Chong musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookson_repeater" title="Cookson repeater">Cookson M1750 repeating rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1696_French_common_musket" class="mw-redirect" title="M1696 French common musket">M1696 French common musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girardoni_air_rifle" title="Girardoni air rifle">Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle</a></li> <li>Hartingk M1670 repeating rifle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_military_rifles#Early_Jäger_rifles" title="German military rifles">Jäger rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Afsharid_dynasty_of_Persia#Jazāyerchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Afsharid dynasty of Persia">Jazayer musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezail" title="Jezail">Jezail musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingal">Jingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabyle_musket" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabyle musket">Kabyle musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalthoff_repeater" title="Kalthoff repeater">Kalthoff M1630 repeating rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_rifle" title="Long rifle">Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">Musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musketoon" title="Musketoon">Musketoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potzdam_musket" class="mw-redirect" title="Potzdam musket">Potzdam musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1752_Musket" title="M1752 Musket">Spanish M1752 musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_musket" title="Springfield musket">Springfield musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_gun" title="Wall gun">Wall gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_Lei_Chong" title="Xun Lei Chong">Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Early <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abus_gun" title="Abus gun">Abus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_of_France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Artillery of France in the Middle Ages">Artillery of France in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk_(cannon)" title="Basilisk (cannon)">Basilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_a_feu" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton a feu">Baton a feu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_swivel_gun" title="Breech-loading swivel gun">Breech-loading swivel gun</a></li> <li>Byzantine fire tube (cannon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carronade" title="Carronade">Carronade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetbang" title="Cetbang">Cetbang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongtong" title="Chongtong">Chongtong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culverin" title="Culverin">Culverin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekor_lotong" title="Ekor lotong">Ekor lotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconet_(cannon)" title="Falconet (cannon)">Falconet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauconneau" title="Fauconneau">Fauconneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_artillery_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages">Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_weapons_in_the_Song_dynasty" title="Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty">Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongyipao" title="Hongyipao">Hongyipao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_dun_pao" title="Hu dun pao">Hu Dun Pao cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cannon" title="Korean cannon">Korean cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantaka" title="Lantaka">Lantaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lela_(cannon)" title="Lela (cannon)">Lela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(siege_cannon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortar (siege cannon)">Mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_vaisseau" title="Obusier de vaisseau">Obusier de vaisseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ gun">Organ gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrier_a_boite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierrier a boite">Pierrier a boite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pot_de_fer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pot de fer">Pot de fer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prangi" title="Prangi">Prangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel_gun" title="Swivel gun">Swivel gun</a></li> <li>Tarasnice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veuglaire" title="Veuglaire">Veuglaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanadu_Gun" title="Xanadu Gun">Xanadu Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankou_Chong" class="mw-redirect" title="Wankou Chong">Wankou Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei_Bronze_Cannon" title="Wuwei Bronze Cannon">Wuwei Bronze Cannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Medieval large calibre guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombard_(weapon)" title="Bombard (weapon)">Bombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilic_(cannon)" title="Basilic (cannon)">Basilic</a></li> <li>Byzantine bombard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles_Gun" title="Dardanelles Gun">Dardanelles bombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulle_Griet" title="Dulle Griet">Dulle Griet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faule_Grete" title="Faule Grete">Faule Grete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faule_Mette" title="Faule Mette">Faule Mette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grose_Bochse" title="Grose Bochse">Grose Bochse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mons_Meg" title="Mons Meg">Mons Meg</a></li> <li>Orban bombard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumhart_von_Steyr" title="Pumhart von Steyr">Pumhart von Steyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Early <a href="/wiki/Rockets" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockets">rockets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Incendiaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Incendiaries">incendiaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo-hiya" title="Bo-hiya">Bo-hiya</a> rocket arrow</li> <li>Byzantine rocket launcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congreve_rocket" title="Congreve rocket">Congreve rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fierce-fire_Oil_Cabinet" title="Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet">Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet</a> (flamethrower)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_arrow" title="Fire arrow">Fire arrow</a> (rocket arrow)</li> <li>Fire crow rocket bomb</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_fire" title="Greek fire">Greek fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hale_(British_inventor)#Rocketry" title="William Hale (British inventor)">Hale rocket launcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_Che" title="Huo Che">Huo Che</a> rocket arrow launcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwacha" title="Hwacha">Hwacha</a> rocket arrow launcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Huo_You" title="Meng Huo You">Meng Huo You</a> (Chinese petroleum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysorean_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysorean rocket">Mysorean rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphtha" title="Naphtha">Naphtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_Huo_Qi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pen Huo Qi">Pen Huo Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_naphtha" title="Petroleum naphtha">Petroleum naphtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singijeon" title="Singijeon">Singijeon</a> rocket arrow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_crash_bomb" title="Thunder crash bomb">Thunder crash bomb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Firing_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Firing mechanism">Firing mechanisms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">Breechloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doglock" title="Doglock">Doglock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">Flintlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matchlock" title="Matchlock">Matchlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miquelet_lock" title="Miquelet lock">Miquelet lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">Muzzleloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snaphance" title="Snaphance">Snaphance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snaplock" title="Snaplock">Snaplock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_matchlock" title="Snap matchlock">Snap matchlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheellock" title="Wheellock">Wheellock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Literatures" class="mw-redirect" title="Literatures">Literatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huolongjing" title="Huolongjing">Huolongjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixiao_Xinshu" title="Jixiao Xinshu">Jixiao Xinshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubei_Zhi" title="Wubei Zhi">Wubei Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujing_Zongyao" title="Wujing Zongyao">Wujing Zongyao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Early_modern_firearms" title="Category:Early modern firearms">Category:Early modern firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Early_firearms" title="Category:Early firearms">Category:Early firearms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Firearm_accessories_mounting_standards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Firearm_accessories_mounting_standards" title="Template:Firearm accessories mounting standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Firearm_accessories_mounting_standards" title="Template talk:Firearm accessories mounting standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Firearm_accessories_mounting_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Firearm accessories mounting standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Firearm_accessories_mounting_standards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Firearm</a> accessories mounting standards</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">Barrels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_threads" class="mw-redirect" title="Action threads">Action threads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_weapon_system" title="Modular weapon system">Quick-change barrel system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_fit_barrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Press fit barrel">Press fit barrel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Receiver_(firearms)" title="Receiver (firearms)">Receivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weaver_rail_mount" title="Weaver rail mount">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picatinny_rail" title="Picatinny rail">Picatinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Accessory_Rail" title="NATO Accessory Rail">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovetail_rail" title="Dovetail rail">Dovetail rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Warsaw Pact rail">Warsaw Pact rail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">Scopes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scope_mount" title="Scope mount">scope mounts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ring_mounts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring mounts">Ring mounts</a> (1 inch, 30 mm, 34 mm, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeiss_rail#History" title="Zeiss rail">Traditional prism rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeiss_rail" title="Zeiss rail">Zeiss rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeiss_rail#Competing_standards" title="Zeiss rail">Swarovski rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeiss_rail#Competing_standards" title="Zeiss rail">S&B Convex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compact and non-magnifying sights <br />(<a href="/wiki/Red_dot_sight" title="Red dot sight">reflex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holographic_weapon_sight" title="Holographic weapon sight">holographic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Prism_sight" title="Prism sight">prism</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scope_mount#Mounts_for_compact_sights" title="Scope mount">Acro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scope_mount#Mounts_for_compact_sights" title="Scope mount">Docter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scope_mount#Mounts_for_compact_sights" title="Scope mount">RMR/SRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scope_mount#Mounts_for_compact_sights" title="Scope mount">C-More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scope_mount#Mounts_for_compact_sights" title="Scope mount">Shield/Leupold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scope_mount#Mounts_for_compact_sights" title="Scope mount">MOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scope_mount#Mounts_for_compact_sights" title="Scope mount">CompM4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scope_mount#Mounts_for_compact_sights" title="Scope mount">Micro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Handguard" class="mw-redirect" title="Handguard">Handguard</a> accessories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weaver_rail_mount" title="Weaver rail mount">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picatinny_rail" title="Picatinny rail">Picatinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Accessory_Rail" title="NATO Accessory Rail">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_Integration_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail Integration System">RIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UIT_rail" title="UIT rail">UIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeyMod" title="KeyMod">KeyMod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-LOK" title="M-LOK">M-LOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_head#Arca-Swiss_style" title="Tripod head">ARCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bipod" title="Bipod">Bipods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sling_swivel_stud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sling swivel stud">Swivel stud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picatinny_rail" title="Picatinny rail">Picatinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versa_Pod" class="mw-redirect" title="Versa Pod">Versa Pod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-LOK" title="M-LOK">M-LOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_head#Arca-Swiss_style" title="Tripod head">ARCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sling_(firearms)" title="Sling (firearms)">Slings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sling_swivel_stud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sling swivel stud">Swivel stud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_hook_sling_mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Snap hook sling mount">Snap hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Detach_sling_mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Quick Detach sling mount">QD/ Flush cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Firearms_(list,_glossary,_and_topics)" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Firearms" title="Template:Firearms"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Firearms" title="Template talk:Firearms"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Firearms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Firearms"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Firearms_(list,_glossary,_and_topics)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Firearms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_firearms" title="List of firearms">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firearms_terms" title="Glossary of firearms terms">glossary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Firearms" title="Category:Firearms">topics</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Firearm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_firearms" title="Category:Lists of firearms">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_firearm" title="History of the firearm">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types_of_firearms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Types">Types of firearms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">Breechloader</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">muzzleloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Combination guns">Combination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_gun" title="Elephant gun">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare_gun" title="Flare gun">Flare gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_thrower" title="Line thrower">Line thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gun" title="Long gun">Long gun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">Carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">Musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takedown_gun" title="Takedown gun">Takedown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-barrel_firearm" title="Multiple-barrel firearm">Multiple-barrel</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_multiple-barrel_firearms" title="List of multiple-barrel firearms">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlegun" title="Needlegun">Needler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_gun" title="Net gun">Net gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_gun" title="Pen gun">Pen gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_gun" title="Riot gun">Riot gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_cannon" title="Rotary cannon">Rotary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">Single-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeve_gun" title="Sleeve gun">Sleeve gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoothbore" title="Smoothbore">Smoothbore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring-gun" title="Spring-gun">Spring-gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_firearm" title="Underwater firearm">Underwater firearm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">Handguns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cane_gun" title="Cane gun">Cane gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derringer" title="Derringer">Derringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duelling_pistol" title="Duelling pistol">Duelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">Pistol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pistols" title="List of pistols">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_pistol" title="Machine pistol">Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper-box" title="Pepper-box">Pepper-box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_pistol" title="Pocket pistol">Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">Revolver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_revolvers" title="List of revolvers">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_pistol" title="Semi-automatic pistol">Semi-automatic pistol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_semi-automatic_pistols" title="List of semi-automatic pistols">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_caliber_carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistol caliber carbine">Pistol caliber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_defence_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal defence weapon">Personal defence weapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">Submachine gun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starting_pistol" title="Starting pistol">Starting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallet_gun" title="Wallet gun">Wallet gun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifles</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rifles" title="List of rifles">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-materiel_rifle" title="Anti-materiel rifle">Anti-materiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_rifle" title="Anti-tank rifle">Anti-tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">Assault</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assault_rifles" title="List of assault rifles">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_rifle" title="Automatic rifle">Automatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">Battle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battle_rifles" title="List of battle rifles">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbine_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbine rifle">Carbine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_carbines" title="List of carbines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_rifle" title="Double rifle">Double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunting rifle">Hunting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_rifle" title="Buffalo rifle">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephant rifle">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Express rifle">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_gun" title="Punt gun">Punt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varmint_rifle" title="Varmint rifle">Varmint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_marksman_rifle" title="Designated marksman rifle">Marksman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifling" title="Rifling">Rifling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_rifling" title="Polygonal rifling">Polygonal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeating_rifle" title="Repeating rifle">Repeating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">Sniper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sniper_rifles" title="List of sniper rifles">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_purpose_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="General purpose machine gun">General purpose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_machine_gun" title="Light machine gun">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_machine_gun" title="Medium machine gun">Medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_machine_gun" title="Heavy machine gun">Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squad_automatic_weapon" title="Squad automatic weapon">SAW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">Shotguns</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_shotguns" title="List of shotguns">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_shotgun" title="Automatic shotgun">Automatic shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coach_gun" title="Coach gun">Coach gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_shotgun" title="Combat shotgun">Combat shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barreled_shotgun" title="Double-barreled shotgun">Double-barreled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_action" title="Pump action">Pump action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_shotgun" title="Riot shotgun">Riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawed-off_shotgun" title="Sawed-off shotgun">Sawed-off</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Ammunition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20-gauge_shotgun" title="20-gauge shotgun">20-gauge shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaching_round" title="Breaching round">Breaching round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_breath_(ammunition)" title="Dragon's breath (ammunition)">Dragon's breath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Shotgun shell">Shotgun shell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.410_bore" title=".410 bore">.410 bore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_(pellet)" title="Shot (pellet)">Shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_slug" title="Shotgun slug">Slug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_firearm" title="History of the firearm">Historic</a> or famous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AR-15_style_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="AR-15 style rifle">AR-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M16" class="mw-redirect" title="M16">M16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antique_firearms" title="Antique firearms">Antique firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_rifle" title="Winchester rifle">Winchester rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauser_rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauser rifles">Mauser rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">Tommy Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP_40" title="MP 40">MP 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzi" title="Uzi">Uzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Single_Action_Army" title="Colt Single Action Army">Colt Peacemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1911" class="mw-redirect" title="M1911">M1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mechanics_and_components" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mechanics and <a href="/wiki/Category:Firearm_components" title="Category:Firearm components">components</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Firearm_components" title="Category:Firearm components">Components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">Barrel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feed_ramp" title="Feed ramp">Feed ramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slug_barrel" title="Slug barrel">Slug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_threads" title="Barrel threads">Threads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunnion" title="Trunnion">Trunnion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">Bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_(firearms)" title="Belt (firearms)">Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blank-firing_adapter" title="Blank-firing adapter">Blank-firing adapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breechblock" title="Breechblock">Breechblock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breechface" title="Breechface">Breechface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(firearms)" title="Bolt (firearms)">Bolt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rotating_bolt" title="Rotating bolt">Rotating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescoping_bolt" title="Telescoping bolt">Telescoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flapper_locking" title="Flapper locking">Flapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_locked" title="Roller locked">Roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilting_bolt" title="Tilting bolt">Tilting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bump_stock" title="Bump stock">Bump stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_(firearms)" title="Chamber (firearms)">Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocking_handle" title="Cocking handle">Cocking handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(firearms)" title="Cylinder (firearms)">Cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extractor_(firearms)" title="Extractor (firearms)">Extractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firing_pin" title="Firing pin">Firing pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_suppressor" title="Flash suppressor">Flash suppressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluting_(firearms)" title="Fluting (firearms)">Fluting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_assist" title="Forward assist">Forward assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freebore" title="Freebore">Freebore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forearm_(firearm_component)" title="Forearm (firearm component)">Forearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_forward_grip" title="Vertical forward grip">Foregrip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_(firearms)" title="Hammer (firearms)">Hammer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-cock" title="Half-cock">Half-cock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_(firearms)#Linear_hammer" title="Hammer (firearms)">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_(firearms)#Striker" title="Hammer (firearms)">Striker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_(firearm)" title="Lock (firearm)">Lock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">Flintlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheellock" title="Wheellock">Wheellock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">Magazine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_metal" title="Bottom metal">Bottom metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clip_(firearms)" title="Clip (firearms)">Clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_magazine" title="Drum magazine">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-capacity_magazine" title="High-capacity magazine">High-capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedloader" title="Speedloader">Speedloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripper_clip" title="Stripper clip">Stripper clip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_brake" title="Muzzle brake">Muzzle brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_shroud" title="Muzzle shroud">Muzzle shroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_grip" title="Pistol grip">Pistol grip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_slide" title="Pistol slide">Pistol slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_system_(firearms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail system (firearms)">Rail system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receiver_(firearms)" title="Receiver (firearms)">Receiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoil_pad" title="Recoil pad">Recoil pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rim_(firearms)" title="Rim (firearms)">Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_(firearms)" title="Safety (firearms)">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sear_(firearm)" title="Sear (firearm)">Sear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_sear" title="Auto sear">Auto sear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_shroud" title="Barrel shroud">Shroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silencer_(firearms)" title="Silencer (firearms)">Silencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_bore" title="Squeeze bore">Squeeze bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choke_(firearms)" title="Choke (firearms)">Choke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearms)" title="Stock (firearms)">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronization_gear" title="Synchronization gear">Synchronization gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapering_(firearms)" title="Tapering (firearms)">Tapering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)" title="Trigger (firearms)">Trigger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_guard" title="Trigger guard">guard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sight_(device)" title="Sight (device)">Sights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diopter_sight" title="Diopter sight">Diopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finderscope" title="Finderscope">Finderscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_sight" title="Globe sight">Globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_weapon_sight" title="Holographic weapon sight">Holographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_sights" title="Iron sights">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_sight_(firearms)" title="Laser sight (firearms)">Laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticle" title="Reticle">Reticle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflex_sight" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflex sight">Reflex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_dot_sight" title="Red dot sight">Red dot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sight_magnifier" title="Sight magnifier">Magnifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scope_mount" title="Scope mount">Scope mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_sight" title="Tang sight">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">Telescopic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-vision_device" title="Night-vision device">Night vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_weapon_sight" title="Thermal weapon sight">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sighting_in" title="Sighting in">Zeroing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)" title="Action (firearms)">Actions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowback_(firearms)" title="Blowback (firearms)">Blowback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow-forward" class="mw-redirect" title="Blow-forward">Blow-forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxlock_action" title="Boxlock action">Boxlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">Breechloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_action" title="Break action">Break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_bolt" title="Open bolt">Open bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_bolt" title="Closed bolt">Closed bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_firing" title="Electronic firing">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas-operated_reloading" title="Gas-operated reloading">Gas-operated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lever_action" title="Lever action">Lever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">Muzzleloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-battery" title="Out-of-battery">Out-of-battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_action" title="Pump action">Pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_feed_and_controlled_feed" title="Push feed and controlled feed">Push/Controlled feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoil_operation" title="Recoil operation">Recoil-operated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeating_firearm" title="Repeating firearm">Repeating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">Revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-loading_rifle" title="Self-loading rifle">Self-loading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">Single-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamfire" title="Slamfire">Slamfire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physics_of_firearms" title="Physics of firearms">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">Ballistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_coefficient" title="Ballistic coefficient">Ballistic coefficient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_ballistics" title="External ballistics">External</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_ballistics" title="Terminal ballistics">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_ballistics" title="Transitional ballistics">Transitional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_of_firearms" title="Physics of firearms">Physics of firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangefinder" title="Rangefinder">Rangefinding/keeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_discussion_of_rangekeeping" title="Mathematical discussion of rangekeeping">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadiametric_rangefinding" title="Stadiametric rangefinding">Stadiametric</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metrics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accurizing" title="Accurizing">Accurizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bore_axis" title="Bore axis">Bore axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">Caliber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_error_probable" title="Circular error probable">Circular error probable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_range#Weapons" title="Effective range">Effective range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_(firearms)" title="Gauge (firearms)">Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_chronograph" title="Gun chronograph">Gun chronograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_harmonisation" title="Gun harmonisation">Gun harmonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headspace_(firearms)" title="Headspace (firearms)">Headspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Length_of_pull" title="Length of pull">Length of pull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_time" title="Lock time">Lock time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_grade" title="Match grade">Match grade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_time_between_failures" title="Mean time between failures">Mean time between failures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc#Firearms" title="Minute and second of arc">Minute of Angle (MOA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_(firearms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzzle (firearms)">Muzzle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_energy" title="Muzzle energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_rise" title="Muzzle rise">Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">Velocity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetration_(weaponry)" title="Penetration (weaponry)">Penetration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_factor_(shooting_sports)" title="Power factor (shooting sports)">Power factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision-guided_firearm" title="Precision-guided firearm">Precision-guided</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">Rate of fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoil" title="Recoil">Recoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_grouping" title="Shot grouping">Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearms)#Stock_measurements" title="Stock (firearms)">Stock measurements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopping_power" title="Stopping power">Stopping power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handgun_effectiveness" title="Handgun effectiveness">Handgun effectiveness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifling#Twist_rate" title="Rifling">Twist rate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Shooting_and_ammunition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">Shooting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gunshot" title="Gunshot">Gunshot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_fire" title="Dry fire">Dry fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">Firing (Shooting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunshot" title="Gunshot">Gunshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shootout" title="Shootout">Firefight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearm_maintenance" title="Firearm maintenance">Maintenance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_strip" title="Field strip">Field strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouling" title="Fouling">Fouling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearm_malfunction" title="Firearm malfunction">Malfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooking_off" title="Cooking off">Cooking off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_fire" title="Hang fire">Hang fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squib_load" title="Squib load">Squib load</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricochet" title="Ricochet">Ricochet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Ignition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_forming" title="Fire forming">Fire forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obturation" title="Obturation">Obturation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primer_(firearms)" title="Primer (firearms)">Primer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">Gunpowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_cap" title="Percussion cap">Percussion cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimfire_ammunition" title="Rimfire ammunition">Rimfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubes_and_primers_for_ammunition" title="Tubes and primers for ammunition">Tubes and Primers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearm_propellant" title="Firearm propellant">Propellant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_propellant" title="Ball propellant">Ball propellant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">Cordite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_military_rifle_powder" title="Improved military rifle powder">Improved Military Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramrod" title="Ramrod">Ramrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">Smokeless powder</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">Ammunition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannelure" title="Cannelure">Cannelure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dummy_round" title="Dummy round">Dummy round</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snap_cap" title="Snap cap">Snap cap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flechette" title="Flechette">Flechette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_check" title="Gas check">Gas check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpressure_ammunition" title="Overpressure ammunition">Overpressure ammunition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymer-cased_ammunition" title="Polymer-cased ammunition">PCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabot_(firearms)" title="Sabot (firearms)">Sabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadding" title="Wadding">Wadding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bullet" title="Bullet">Bullets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing_bullet" title="Armor-piercing bullet">Armour piercing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_bullet" title="Cast bullet">Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expanding_bullet" title="Expanding bullet">Expanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_metal_jacket_(ammunition)" title="Full metal jacket (ammunition)">Full metal jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frangible_bullet" title="Frangible bullet">Frangible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_bullet" title="Green bullet">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incendiary_ammunition" title="Incendiary ammunition">Incendiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-explosive_incendiary" title="High-explosive incendiary">High explosive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-explosive_incendiary/armor-piercing_ammunition" title="High-explosive incendiary/armor-piercing ammunition">HEIAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projectile" title="Projectile">Projectile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raufoss_Mk_211" title="Raufoss Mk 211">Raufoss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_shot" title="Round shot">Round shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saboted_light_armor_penetrator" title="Saboted light armor penetrator">SLAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft-point_bullet" title="Soft-point bullet">Soft point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercavitating_ammunition" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercavitating ammunition">Supercavitating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_metal_jacket" title="Total metal jacket">Total metal jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracer_ammunition" title="Tracer ammunition">Tracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow-base_bullet" title="Hollow-base bullet">Hollow base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow-point_bullet" title="Hollow-point bullet">Hollow point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meplat" title="Meplat">Meplat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-tipped_bullet" title="Plastic-tipped bullet">Plastic tipped</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armour-piercing,_capped,_ballistic_capped_shell" title="Armour-piercing, capped, ballistic capped shell">ABCBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_shot" title="Snake shot">Snake shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_(bullet)" title="Spitzer (bullet)">Spitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very-low-drag_bullet" title="Very-low-drag bullet">VLD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blank_(cartridge)" title="Blank (cartridge)">Blank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caseless_ammunition" title="Caseless ammunition">Caseless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerfire_cartridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Centerfire cartridge">Centrefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handloading" title="Handloading">Handloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle_cartridge" title="Rifle cartridge">Rifle cartridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fully_powered_cartridge" title="Fully powered cartridge">Fully powered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_cartridge" title="Intermediate cartridge">Intermediate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rifle_cartridges" title="List of rifle cartridges">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_cartridge" title="Paper cartridge">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinfire_cartridge" title="Pinfire cartridge">Pinfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_cartridge" title="Wildcat cartridge">Wildcat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society,_safety,_industry,_and_laws" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_cultures" title="Gun cultures">Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">safety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firearm_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearm industry">industry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Overview_of_gun_laws_by_nation" title="Overview of gun laws by nation">laws</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gun_cultures" title="Gun cultures">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebratory_gunfire" title="Celebratory gunfire">Celebratory gunfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_ownership" title="Gun ownership">Civilian gun ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Percent_of_households_with_guns_by_country" title="Percent of households with guns by country">Household ownership rates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibition_shooting" title="Exhibition shooting">Exhibition shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_cultures" title="Gun cultures">Gun cultures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_culture_in_the_United_States" title="Gun culture in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_shows_in_the_United_States" title="Gun shows in the United States">Gun shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_firearms" title="List of U.S. state firearms">State firearms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_style_(firearm_magazines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle style (firearm magazines)"><i>Jungle style</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_duelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistol duelling">Pistol duelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_gun_politics_articles" title="Index of gun politics articles">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">Shooting sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_Marksmanship_Program" title="Civilian Marksmanship Program">Civilian Marksmanship Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gun_violence" title="Gun violence">Gun violence</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">safety</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_violence_in_the_United_States" title="Gun violence in the United States">in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_by_firearm" title="List of assassinations by firearm">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_firearm-related_death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by firearm-related death rate">Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_firearm_examination" title="Forensic firearm examination">Forensics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfighter" title="Gunfighter">Gunfighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">Gun safety</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firearm_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearm industry">Firearm industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_printed_firearm" title="3D printed firearm">3D printed firearm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_3D_printed_weapons_and_parts" title="List of 3D printed weapons and parts">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_firearm_brands" title="List of firearm brands">Firearm brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Firearms_by_country" title="Category:Firearms by country">Firearms by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_shop" title="Gun shop">Gun shops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Firearm_commerce" title="Category:Firearm commerce">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunsmith" title="Gunsmith">Gunsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvised_firearm" title="Improvised firearm">Improvised firearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-produced_firearms" title="List of most-produced firearms">Most-produced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privately_made_firearm" class="mw-redirect" title="Privately made firearm">Privately made</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_arms_trade" title="Small arms trade">Small arms trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">Arms control</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">Arms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">Gun control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disarmament" title="Disarmament">Disarmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Arms_Trade" title="Campaign Against Arms Trade">Campaign Against Arms Trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featureless_rifles" title="Featureless rifles">Featureless rifles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overview_of_gun_laws_by_nation" title="Overview of gun laws by nation">Gun laws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_travel_with_firearms_and_ammunition" title="Air travel with firearms and ammunition">Air travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Assault weapons">Assault weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concealed_carry" title="Concealed carry">Concealed carry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concealed_carry_in_the_United_States" title="Concealed carry in the United States">in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_license" title="Firearms license">License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-capacity_magazine_ban" title="High-capacity magazine ban">High-capacity magazine ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms" title="Right to keep and bear arms">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Arms and Light Weapons">Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">United States Gun</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_the_United_States" title="Gun law in the United States">Laws</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Gun laws in the United States by state">by U.S. state</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_weapons_legislation_in_the_United_States" title="Assault weapons legislation in the United States">Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban" title="Federal Assault Weapons Ban">Federal Assault Weapons Ban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12796#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4017012-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85048533">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119309557">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119309557">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575086">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="palné zbraně"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115656&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Armas de fuego"><a rel="nofollow" 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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Firearm","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Firearm","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12796","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12796","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-29T16:05:06Z","dateModified":"2024-11-25T01:37:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f7\/M16_and_AK-47_comparison.png","headline":"personal weapon using combustion or an explosive charge to propel a projectile"}</script> </body> </html>