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title="Pagsasao a Namia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Namia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinamia" title="Kinamia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kinamia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Namia" title="Lenga Namia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Namia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #fd79da;">Namia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Namea_Rural_LLG" title="Namea Rural LLG">Namea Rural LLG</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sandaun_Province" title="Sandaun Province">Sandaun Province</a>; <a href="/wiki/East_Sepik_Province" title="East Sepik Province">East Sepik Province</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">6,000 (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-e18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sepik_languages" title="Sepik languages">Sepik</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_languages" title="Yellow River languages">Yellow River</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Namia</b></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #fd79da;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nnm" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nnm">nnm</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nami1256">nami1256</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10600">Namia</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>Map all coordinates using</b> <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Namia_language">OpenStreetMap</a> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="show links" data-collapsetext="Hide"> <p><b>Download coordinates as:</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Namia_language">KML</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=Namia_language">GPX (all coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=Namia_language">GPX (primary coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=Namia_language">GPX (secondary coordinates)</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <p><b>Namia</b> (Namie, Nemia) is a <a href="/wiki/Sepik_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepik language">Sepik language</a> spoken in <a href="/wiki/Namea_Rural_LLG" title="Namea Rural LLG">Namea Rural LLG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandaun_Province" title="Sandaun Province">Sandaun Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>. It goes by various names, such as <i>Edawapi, Lujere, Yellow River</i>. Language use is "vigorous" (<i>Ethnologue</i>). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sandaun_Province" title="Sandaun Province">Sandaun Province</a>, it is spoken in Ameni (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.981559_S_141.766186_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Ameni+%28Tipas%29"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°58′54″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°45′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.981559°S 141.766186°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.981559; 141.766186</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Ameni (Tipas)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), Edwaki, Iwane (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.906643_S_141.755439_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Iwani"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°54′24″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°45′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.906643°S 141.755439°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.906643; 141.755439</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Iwani</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), Lawo, Pabei (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.927006_S_141.776325_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Pabei"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°55′37″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°46′35″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.927006°S 141.776325°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.927006; 141.776325</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Pabei</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), and Panewai villages in <a href="/wiki/Namea_Rural_LLG" title="Namea Rural LLG">Namea Rural LLG</a>, and in the Wiyari area. It is also spoken in 19 villages of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_River_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yellow River District (page does not exist)">Yellow River District</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Sepik_Province" title="East Sepik Province">East Sepik Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue22-PNG_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue22-PNG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN-PNG_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN-PNG-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namia_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Namie dialect groups are:<sup id="cite_ref-Steer-NG_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steer-NG-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Ailuaki</b>: spoken in Yegarapi (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.870583_S_141.800527_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Yegarapi"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°52′14″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°48′02″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.870583°S 141.800527°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.870583; 141.800527</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Yegarapi</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), Yaru (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.85512_S_141.802378_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Yaru"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°51′18″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°48′09″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.85512°S 141.802378°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.85512; 141.802378</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Yaru</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), and Norambalip (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.814045_S_141.828438_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Normbalip"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°48′51″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°49′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.814045°S 141.828438°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.814045; 141.828438</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Normbalip</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>) villages</li> <li><b>Amani</b>: spoken in Augwom (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.99286_S_141.716817_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Augwom"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°59′34″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°43′01″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.99286°S 141.716817°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.99286; 141.716817</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Augwom</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), Iwani (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.906643_S_141.755439_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Iwani"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°54′24″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°45′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.906643°S 141.755439°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.906643; 141.755439</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Iwani</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), Pabei (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.927006_S_141.776325_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Pabei"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°55′37″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°46′35″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.927006°S 141.776325°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.927006; 141.776325</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Pabei</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), Panewai, and Tipas (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.981559_S_141.766186_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Ameni++%28Tipas%29"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°58′54″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°45′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.981559°S 141.766186°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.981559; 141.766186</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Ameni (Tipas)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>) villages</li> <li><b>Wiari</b>: spoken in Alai (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.910948_S_141.797074_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Alai"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°54′39″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°47′49″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.910948°S 141.797074°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.910948; 141.797074</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Alai</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), Nami (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.896557_S_141.879322_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Nami"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°53′48″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°52′46″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.896557°S 141.879322°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.896557; 141.879322</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Nami</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), Worikori (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.923558_S_141.879066_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Warkori"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°55′25″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°52′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.923558°S 141.879066°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.923558; 141.879066</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Warkori</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), Akwom (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.938724_S_141.833174_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Akwom"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°56′19″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°49′59″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.938724°S 141.833174°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.938724; 141.833174</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Akwom</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), and Naum (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.923731_S_141.833466_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Naum"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°55′25″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°50′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.923731°S 141.833466°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.923731; 141.833466</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Naum</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>) villages</li> <li><b>Lawo</b>: spoken in Mokwidami (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.858705_S_141.744059_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Mokwedami"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°51′31″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°44′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.858705°S 141.744059°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.858705; 141.744059</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Mokwedami</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), Mantopai (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.708668_S_141.698706_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Mantopai"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°42′31″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°41′55″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.708668°S 141.698706°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.708668; 141.698706</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Mantopai</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), Yawari (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.676068_S_141.729295_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Yawari"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°40′34″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°43′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.676068°S 141.729295°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.676068; 141.729295</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Yawari</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>), and Aiendami (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namia_language&params=3.944326_S_141.806744_E_type:city_region:PG&title=Luwawo+%28Aiendami%29"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°56′40″S</span> <span class="longitude">141°48′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.944326°S 141.806744°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-3.944326; 141.806744</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Luwawo (Aiendami)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>) villages</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namia_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Namia has only 7 phonemic consonants:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Namia consonant inventory </caption> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Labial</th> <th>Alveolar</th> <th>Velar </th></tr> <tr> <th>Plosive </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nasal </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Tap </th> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Lateral </th> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_lateral_approximants" title="Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants">l</a></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>Some analyses present /tʃ/ as an eighth phoneme,<sup id="cite_ref-Foley-Sepik_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foley-Sepik-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although its distribution is predictable. [tʃ] and in some cases /r/ are positional variants of /t/, as described in the table below.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Distribution of oral coronal phones in Namia </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sound_change#Formal_notation" title="Sound change">Environment</a> </th> <th colspan="3">Phones </th> <th rowspan="2">Examples </th></tr> <tr> <th>Attested </th> <th>In variation </th> <th>Unattested </th></tr> <tr> <th># _ </th> <td>[t], [l] </td> <td>[t~r] </td> <td>*[tʃ] </td> <td>[tip] 'basket', [lip] 'ditch' </td></tr> <tr> <th>_ # </th> <td colspan="2">[r], [l] </td> <td>*[t], *[tʃ] </td> <td>[er] 'we two', [el] 'woman' </td></tr> <tr> <th>[i u] _ </th> <td colspan="2">[tʃ], [r], [l] </td> <td>*[t] </td> <td>[titʃei] 'stone', [irei] 'digging stick', [ilei] 'name' </td></tr> <tr> <th>[e ə o a] _ </th> <td colspan="2">[r], [l] </td> <td>*[tʃ], *[t] </td> <td>[ari] 'already', [alu] 'branch' </td></tr> <tr> <th>V _ C V </th> <td colspan="2">[r], [l] </td> <td>*[tʃ], *[t] </td> <td>[irno] 'face', [ilpok] 'storm front' </td></tr> <tr> <th>V C _ V </th> <td colspan="2">[r], [l], [t] </td> <td>*[tʃ] </td> <td>[amral] 'width', [amtou] 'red pandanus', [emomle] 'awaken' </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Word-initially [r] may be heard in place of expected [t] in rapid speech if the previous word ends in a vowel. In no environment do more than three phonemes contrast, meaning that a fourth oral coronal /tʃ/ is not required. [tʃ] only occurs following high vowels /i/ or /u/ (e.g. [putʃwapu] 'lazy') where it can be seen as an allophone of /t/. In most environments only two phonemes contrast, suggesting that /r/ only recently diverged from /t/. </p><p>There are 6 vowels in Namia:<sup id="cite_ref-Foley-Sepik_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foley-Sepik-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Front</th> <th>Central</th> <th>Back </th></tr> <tr> <th>Close </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mid </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Open </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>The glides [j w] occur as allophones of /i u/, e.g. /iapu/ [japu] 'Sepik river', /uəla/ → [wəla] 'house'.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namia_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike other <a href="/wiki/Sepik_languages" title="Sepik languages">Sepik languages</a>, Namia has an inclusive-exclusive distinction for the first-person pronoun, which could possibly be due to diffusion from <a href="/wiki/Torricelli_languages" title="Torricelli languages">Torricelli languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Foley-Sepik_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foley-Sepik-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inclusive-exclusive first-person pronominal distinctions are also found in the <a href="/wiki/Yuat_languages" title="Yuat languages">Yuat languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grass_languages" title="Grass languages">Grass languages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namia_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following basic vocabulary words are from Foley (2005)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Laycock (1968),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>gloss</th> <th>Namia </th></tr> <tr> <th>head </th> <td>magu </td></tr> <tr> <th>ear </th> <td>mak </td></tr> <tr> <th>eye </th> <td>eno </td></tr> <tr> <th>nose </th> <td>nəmala; nɨmala </td></tr> <tr> <th>tooth </th> <td>pinarɨ; pinarə </td></tr> <tr> <th>tongue </th> <td>lar </td></tr> <tr> <th>leg </th> <td>liː; lipala </td></tr> <tr> <th>louse </th> <td>nanpeu </td></tr> <tr> <th>dog </th> <td>ar; ara </td></tr> <tr> <th>pig </th> <td>lwae </td></tr> <tr> <th>bird </th> <td>eyu </td></tr> <tr> <th>egg </th> <td>puna </td></tr> <tr> <th>blood </th> <td>norə </td></tr> <tr> <th>bone </th> <td>lak </td></tr> <tr> <th>skin </th> <td>urarə </td></tr> <tr> <th>breast </th> <td>mu </td></tr> <tr> <th>tree </th> <td>mi </td></tr> <tr> <th>man </th> <td>lu </td></tr> <tr> <th>woman </th> <td>ere </td></tr> <tr> <th>sun </th> <td>wuluwa </td></tr> <tr> <th>moon </th> <td>yem </td></tr> <tr> <th>water </th> <td>ijo; ito </td></tr> <tr> <th>fire </th> <td>ipi </td></tr> <tr> <th>stone </th> <td>lijei </td></tr> <tr> <th>name </th> <td>ilei </td></tr> <tr> <th>eat </th> <td>(t) </td></tr> <tr> <th>one </th> <td>tipia </td></tr> <tr> <th>two </th> <td>pəli </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namia_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/nnm/">Namia</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (18th ed., 2015) <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue22-PNG-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue22-PNG_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEberhardSimonsFennig2019" class="citation web cs1">Eberhard, David M.; 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Dallas: <a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL International</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Papua+New+Guinea+languages&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FPG%2Flanguages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANamia+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN-PNG-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN-PNG_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_in_Papua_New_Guinea2018" class="citation web cs1">United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.humdata.org/dataset/village-coordinates-lookup">"Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup"</a>. <i>Humanitarian Data Exchange</i>. 1.31.9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Humanitarian+Data+Exchange&rft.atitle=Papua+New+Guinea+Village+Coordinates+Lookup&rft.date=2018&rft.au=United+Nations+in+Papua+New+Guinea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.humdata.org%2Fdataset%2Fvillage-coordinates-lookup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANamia+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steer-NG-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steer-NG_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteer2005" class="citation book cs1">Steer, Martin (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/576ed271bebafbef665249c0/t/576ef4d7725e2552c3689535/1466889435280/Languages_of_the_Upper_Sepik_and_Central_New_Guinea.pdf"><i>Languages of the Upper Sepik and Central New Guinea</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Canberra: Australian National University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+of+the+Upper+Sepik+and+Central+New+Guinea&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Steer&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic1.squarespace.com%2Fstatic%2F576ed271bebafbef665249c0%2Ft%2F576ef4d7725e2552c3689535%2F1466889435280%2FLanguages_of_the_Upper_Sepik_and_Central_New_Guinea.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANamia+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldpauschFeldpausch2009" class="citation book cs1">Feldpausch, Becky; Feldpausch, Tom (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/31179"><i>Phonology essentials of the Namia language</i></a>. Summer Institute of Linguistics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phonology+essentials+of+the+Namia+language&rft.pub=Summer+Institute+of+Linguistics&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Feldpausch&rft.aufirst=Becky&rft.au=Feldpausch%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fresources%2Farchives%2F31179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANamia+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foley-Sepik-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Foley-Sepik_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foley-Sepik_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foley-Sepik_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoley2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_A._Foley" title="William A. Foley">Foley, William A.</a> (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). <i>The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide</i>. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-028642-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-028642-7"><bdi>978-3-11-028642-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Languages+of+the+Sepik-Ramu+Basin+and+Environs&rft.btitle=The+Languages+and+Linguistics+of+the+New+Guinea+Area%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide&rft.place=Berlin&rft.series=The+World+of+Linguistics&rft.pages=197-432&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-11-028642-7&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANamia+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foley, W.A. "Linguistic prehistory in the Sepik-Ramu basin". In Pawley, A., Attenborough, R., Golson, J. and Hide, R. editors, <i>Papuan Pasts: Cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples</i>. PL-572:109-144. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Laycock" title="Donald Laycock">Laycock, Donald C.</a> 1968. Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea. <i><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_Linguistics" title="Oceanic Linguistics">Oceanic Linguistics</a></i>, 7 (1): 36-66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenhill2016" class="citation web cs1">Greenhill, Simon (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transnewguinea.org/language/namia">"TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sepik_languages" title="Template:Sepik languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sepik_languages" title="Template talk:Sepik languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sepik_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sepik languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sepik_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sepik_languages" title="Sepik languages">Sepik languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sepik_languages" title="Upper Sepik languages">Upper Sepik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wogamusin_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wogamusin languages">Wogamusin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chenapian_language" title="Chenapian language">Chenapian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wogamusin_language" title="Wogamusin language">Wogamusin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iwam_languages" title="Iwam languages">Iwam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iwam_language" title="Iwam language">May River Iwam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepik_Iwam_language" title="Sepik Iwam language">Sepik Iwam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amal–Kalou</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amal_language" title="Amal language">Amal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalou_language" title="Kalou language">Kalou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abau_language" title="Abau language">Abau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Sepik_languages" title="Middle Sepik languages">Middle Sepik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nukuma_languages" title="Nukuma languages">Nukuma</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwanga_language" title="Kwanga language">Kwanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwoma_language" title="Kwoma language">Kwoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seim_language" title="Seim language">Seim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ndu_languages" title="Ndu languages">Ndu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abelam_language" title="Abelam language">Abelam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiken_language" title="Boiken language">Boiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burui_language" title="Burui language">Burui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaikundi_language" title="Gaikundi language">Gaikundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iatmul_language" title="Iatmul language">Iatmul </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keak_language" title="Keak language">Keak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koiwat_language" title="Koiwat language">Koiwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwasengen_language" title="Kwasengen language">Kwasengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manambu_language" title="Manambu language">Manambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngala_language_(New_Guinea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngala language (New Guinea)">Ngala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengo_language" title="Sengo language">Sengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sos_Kundi_language" title="Sos Kundi language">Sos Kundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelogu_language" title="Yelogu language">Yelogu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_languages" title="Yellow River languages">Yellow River</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ak_language" title="Ak language">Ak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auwon_language" title="Auwon language">Awun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Namia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yerakai_language" title="Yerakai language">Yerakai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sepik_Hill_languages" title="Sepik Hill languages">Sepik Hill</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sanio_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanio languages">Sanio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikaru_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikaru language">Bikaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewa_language" title="Hewa language">Hewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niksek_language" title="Niksek language">Niksek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piame_language" title="Piame language">Piame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanio_language" title="Sanio language">Sanio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bahinemo_languages" title="Bahinemo languages">Bahinemo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisis_language" title="Bisis language">Bisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berinomo_language" title="Berinomo language">Bitara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahinemo_language" title="Bahinemo language">Bahinemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapriman_language" title="Kapriman language">Kapriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Papuan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mari Papuan language">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigilu_language" title="Nigilu language">Nigilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumariup_language" title="Sumariup language">Sumariup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagu_language" title="Wagu language">Wagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watakataui_language" title="Watakataui language">Watakataui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alamblak_languages" title="Alamblak languages">Alamblak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamblak_language" title="Alamblak language">Alamblak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaningra_language" title="Kaningra language">Kaningra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papi_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Papi languages">Papi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papi_language" title="Papi language">Papi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suarmin_language" title="Suarmin language">Suarmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ram_languages" title="Ram languages">Ram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awtuw_language" title="Awtuw language">Awtuw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karawa_language" title="Karawa language">Karawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pouye_language" title="Pouye language">Pouye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tama_languages" title="Tama languages">Tama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayi_language" title="Ayi language">Ayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehek_language" title="Mehek language">Mehek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahi_language" title="Pahi language">Pahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasi_language" title="Pasi language">Pasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yessan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yessan language">Yessan-Mayo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biksi-Yetfa_language" title="Biksi-Yetfa language">Biksi-Yetfa</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Template:Languages of Papua New Guinea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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Pisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language" title="Papua New Guinean Sign Language">Papua New Guinean Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major Indigenous<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adzera_language" title="Adzera language">Adzera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanab_language" title="Amanab language">Amanab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awad_Bing_language" title="Awad Bing language">Awad Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barok_language" title="Barok language">Barok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimin_language" title="Bimin language">Bimin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bola_language_(Austronesian)" title="Bola language (Austronesian)">Bola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukawa_language" title="Bukawa language">Bugawac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedua_language" title="Dedua language">Dedua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobu_language" title="Dobu language">Dobu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iatmul_language" title="Iatmul language">Iatmul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2te_language" title="Kâte language">Kâte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobon_language" title="Kobon language">Kobon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovai_language" title="Kovai language">Kovai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolai_language" title="Tolai language">Kuanua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuman_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Kuman language (New Guinea)">Kuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuot_language" title="Kuot language">Kuot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurti_language" title="Kurti language">Kurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihir_language" title="Lihir language">Lihir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandara_language" title="Mandara language">Mandara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangseng_language" title="Mangseng language">Mangseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbula_language" title="Mbula language">Mbula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seim_language" title="Seim language">Mende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussau-Emira_language" title="Mussau-Emira language">Mussau-Emira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutu_language" title="Mutu language">Mutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekgini_language" title="Nekgini language">Nekgini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngaing_language" title="Ngaing language">Ngaing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwer_Mil_language" title="Niwer Mil language">Niwer Mil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobonob_language" title="Nobonob language">Nobonob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numanggang_language" title="Numanggang language">Numanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyindrou_language" title="Nyindrou language">Nyindrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_language" title="Ata language">Pele-Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petats_language" title="Petats language">Petats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoaaina_language" title="Ramoaaina language">Ramoaaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seimat_language" title="Seimat language">Seimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solong_language" title="Solong language">Solong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burum_language" title="Burum language">Somba-Siawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suau_language" title="Suau language">Suau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulka_language" title="Sulka language">Sulka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangga_language" title="Tangga language">Tangga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobo language">Tobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uneapa_language" title="Uneapa language">Uneapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ura_language_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Ura language (Papua New Guinea)">Ura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitu_language" title="Vitu language">Vitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waris_language" title="Waris language">Waris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Papuan<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angan_languages" title="Angan languages">Angan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akoye_language" title="Akoye language">Akoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angaataha_language" title="Angaataha language">Angaataha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankave_language" title="Ankave language">Ankave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamtai_language" title="Hamtai language">Hamtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamasa_language" title="Kamasa language">Kamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawacha_language" title="Kawacha language">Kawacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menya_language" title="Menya language">Menya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safeyoka_language" title="Safeyoka language">Safeyoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simbari_language" title="Simbari language">Simbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susuami_language" title="Susuami language">Susuami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tainae_language" title="Tainae language">Tainae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagwoia_language" title="Yagwoia language">Yagwoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yipma_language" title="Yipma language">Yipma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Awin%E2%80%93Pa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Awin–Pa languages">Awin–Pa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awin_language" title="Awin language">Awin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa_language" title="Pa language">Pa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Binanderean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Binanderean languages">Binanderean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baruga_language" title="Baruga language">Baruga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binandere_language" title="Binandere language">Binandere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewage_language" title="Ewage language">Ewage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korafe_language" title="Korafe language">Korafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orokaiva_language" title="Orokaiva language">Orokaiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suena_language" title="Suena language">Suena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekora_language" title="Yekora language">Yekora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zia_language" title="Zia language">Zia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bosavi_languages" title="Bosavi languages">Bosavi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimele_language" title="Aimele language">Aimele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beami_language" title="Beami language">Beami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edolo_language" title="Edolo language">Edolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluli_language" title="Kaluli language">Kaluli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasua_language" title="Kasua language">Kasua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onobasulu_language" title="Onobasulu language">Onobasulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_language" title="Sonia language">Sonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chimbu%E2%80%93Wahgi_languages" title="Chimbu–Wahgi languages">Chimbu–Wahgi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuave_language" title="Chuave language">Chuave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_language" title="Dom language">Dom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golin_language" title="Golin language">Golin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandawo_language" title="Kandawo language">Kandawo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaugel_language" title="Kaugel language">Kaugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuman_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Kuman language (New Guinea)">Kuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maring_language" title="Maring language">Maring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melpa_language" title="Melpa language">Melpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narak_language" title="Narak language">Narak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nii_language" title="Nii language">Nii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomane_language" title="Nomane language">Nomane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt-Yui_language" title="Salt-Yui language">Salt-Yui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinasina_language" title="Sinasina language">Sinasina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tembagla_language" title="Tembagla language">Tembagla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahgi_language" title="Wahgi language">Wahgi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="New Ireland languages">New Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilur_language" title="Bilur language">Bilur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanamaket_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanamaket language">Fanamaket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandas_language" title="Kandas language">Kandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konomala_language" title="Konomala language">Konomala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolai_language" title="Tolai language">Kuanua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_language" title="Label language">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwer_Mil_language" title="Niwer Mil language">Niwer Mil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patpatar_language" title="Patpatar language">Patpatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoaaina_language" title="Ramoaaina language">Ramoaaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Siar language">Siar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sursurunga_language" title="Sursurunga language">Sursurunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwar_Feni_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Warwar Feni language">Warwar Feni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duna%E2%80%93Pogaya_languages" title="Duna–Pogaya languages">Duna–Pogaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_language" title="Duna language">Duna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogaya_language" title="Pogaya language">Pogaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Kutubuan_languages" title="East Kutubuan languages">East Kutubuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasu_language" title="Fasu language">Fasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiwaga_language" title="Fiwaga language">Fiwaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foi_language" title="Foi language">Foi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Strickland_languages" title="East Strickland languages">East Strickland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fembe_language" title="Fembe language">Fembe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobasi_language" title="Gobasi language">Gobasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konai_language" title="Konai language">Konai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubo_language" title="Kubo language">Kubo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odoodee_language" title="Odoodee language">Odoodee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(New_Guinea)" title="Samo language (New Guinea)">Samo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engan_languages" title="Engan languages">Engan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angal_language" title="Angal language">Angal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nete_language" title="Nete language">Bisorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enga_language" title="Enga language">Enga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huli_language" title="Huli language">Huli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipili_language" title="Ipili language">Ipili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewa_language" title="Kewa language">Kewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaka_language" title="Kyaka language">Kyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lembena_language" title="Lembena language">Lembena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samberigi_language" title="Samberigi language">Samberigi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eleman_languages" title="Eleman languages">Eleman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaki_Ae_language" title="Kaki Ae language">Kaki Ae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keoru_language" title="Keoru language">Keoru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opao_language" title="Opao language">Opao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orokolo_language" title="Orokolo language">Orokolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toaripi_language" title="Toaripi language">Toaripi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tairuma_language" title="Tairuma language">Tairuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ok%E2%80%93Oksapmin_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ok–Oksapmin languages">Ok–Oksapmin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bimin_language" title="Bimin language">Bimin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiwol_language" title="Faiwol language">Faiwol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_language" title="Mian language">Mian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngalum_language" title="Ngalum language">Ngalum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninggerum_language" title="Ninggerum language">Ninggerum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksapmin_language" title="Oksapmin language">Oksapmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setaman_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Setaman language">Setaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suganga_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Suganga language">Suganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefol_language" title="Telefol language">Telefol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifal_language" title="Tifal language">Tifal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urap_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urap language">Urap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonggom_language" title="Yonggom language">Yonggom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Teberan_languages" title="Teberan languages">Teberan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadibi_language" title="Dadibi language">Dadibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folopa_language" title="Folopa language">Folopa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tirio_languages" title="Tirio languages">Tirio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abom_language" title="Abom language">Abom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baramu_language" title="Baramu language">Baramu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitur_language" title="Bitur language">Bitur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirio_Papuan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirio Papuan language">Tirio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Were_language" title="Were language">Were</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turama%E2%80%93Kikorian_languages" title="Turama–Kikorian languages">Turama–Kikorian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ikobi_language" title="Ikobi language">Ikobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omati_language" title="Omati language">Omati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumu_language" title="Rumu language">Rumu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Larger families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finisterre%E2%80%93Huon_languages" title="Finisterre–Huon languages">Finisterre–Huon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kainantu%E2%80%93Goroka_languages" title="Kainantu–Goroka languages">Kainantu–Goroka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madang_languages" title="Madang languages">Madang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramu%E2%80%93Lower_Sepik_languages" title="Ramu–Lower Sepik languages">Ramu–Lower Sepik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepik_languages" title="Sepik languages">Sepik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Papuan_languages" title="Southeast Papuan languages">Southeast Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torricelli_languages" title="Torricelli languages">Torricelli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enga_Sign_Language" title="Enga Sign Language">Enga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailge_Sign_Language" title="Kailge Sign Language">Kailge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehek_Sign_Language" title="Mehek Sign Language">Mehek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Avejaha_Sign_Language" title="Mount Avejaha Sign Language">Mount Avejaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossel_Island_Sign_Language" title="Rossel Island Sign Language">Rossel Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinasina_Sign_Language" title="Sinasina Sign Language">Sinasina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanib_Sign_Language" title="Wanib Sign Language">Wanib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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