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<div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Władysław Frasyniuk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8E%D0%BA" title="Владислав Фрасинюк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Владислав Фрасинюк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk" title="Władysław Frasyniuk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Władysław Frasyniuk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk" title="Władysław Frasyniuk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Władysław Frasyniuk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk" title="Władysław Frasyniuk – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Władysław Frasyniuk" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk" title="Władysław Frasyniuk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Władysław Frasyniuk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk" title="Władysław Frasyniuk – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Władysław Frasyniuk" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%83" title="ولاديسلاو فراسينيوك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ولاديسلاو فراسينيوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk" title="Władysław Frasyniuk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Władysław Frasyniuk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8E%D0%BA,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Фрасынюк, Владислав – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Polish politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk_2.jpg/220px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk_2.jpg/330px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk_2.jpg/440px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Władysław Frasyniuk</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frasyniuk.Balcerowicz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Frasyniuk.Balcerowicz.jpg/220px-Frasyniuk.Balcerowicz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Frasyniuk.Balcerowicz.jpg/330px-Frasyniuk.Balcerowicz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Frasyniuk.Balcerowicz.jpg/440px-Frasyniuk.Balcerowicz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1521" data-file-height="1349" /></a><figcaption>Frasyniuk talking to <a href="/wiki/Leszek_Balcerowicz" title="Leszek Balcerowicz">Leszek Balcerowicz</a> (left)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Władysław Frasyniuk</b> (born 25 November 1954 in <a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a>) is a Polish politician, former activist of <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity trade union</a>, and former chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Partia_Demokratyczna_%E2%80%93_demokraci.pl" class="mw-redirect" title="Partia Demokratyczna – demokraci.pl">Partia Demokratyczna – demokraci.pl</a> political party. He served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a> (Polish parliament) from 1991 to 2001. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A member of Solidarity in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesia" title="Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a> from its inception, he was one of the founders of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temporary_Coordinating_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temporary Coordinating Committee (page does not exist)">Temporary Coordinating Committee</a> (<i>Tymczasowa Komisja Koordynacyjna</i>), which served as an underground leadership of Solidarity after governmental crackdown on Solidarity after the <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">martial law in Poland</a>. For his activity he was arrested, spent time in jail and was released under a general <a href="/wiki/Amnesty" title="Amnesty">amnesty</a> in 1986. In 1987 he was a member of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temporary_Council_of_NSZZ_Solidarno%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temporary Council of NSZZ Solidarność (page does not exist)">Temporary Council of NSZZ Solidarność</a> (<i>Tymczasowa Rada NSZZ Solidarność</i>), and later of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Country_Executive_Committee_of_NSZZ_Solidarno%C5%9B%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Country Executive Committee of NSZZ Solidarność (page does not exist)">Country Executive Committee of NSZZ Solidarność</a> (<i>Krajowa Komisja Wykonawcza NSZZ Solidarność</i>). In 1989 he was one of the opposition delegates to the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Negotiations" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Round Table Negotiations">Polish Round Table Negotiations</a>. In 1990 he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Citizens%27_Committee" title="Solidarity Citizens' Committee">Solidarity Citizens' Committee</a> (<i>Komitet Obywatelski "Solidarność"</i>). </p><p>In the new Poland, he was a member of liberal centrist parties. In 1990 he was a cofounder of the <a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_Movement_for_Democratic_Action" title="Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action">Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action</a> (<i>Ruch Obywatelski Akcja Demokratyczna, ROAD</i>) (1990–1991). He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_(Poland)" title="Democratic Union (Poland)">Democratic Union</a> (<i>Unia Demokratyczna</i>) (1991–1994) and its vice-chairman (1991–1993), and after this party merged with the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Union_(Poland)" title="Freedom Union (Poland)">Freedom Union</a> (<i>Unia Wolności</i>) he was its member (1994–2001) and chairman (1999–2005). He became one of the founders and the first chairman of the newest incarnation of that party, <a href="/wiki/Partia_Demokratyczna_%E2%80%93_demokraci.pl" class="mw-redirect" title="Partia Demokratyczna – demokraci.pl">Partia Demokratyczna – demokraci.pl</a> (2005–present). He resigned from the position in March 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_2015">After 2015</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: After 2015"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Law and Justice (Poland)">Law and Justice</a> came into power in Poland, Frasyniuk has been actively engaged in protests against their policy. He participates in <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Defence_of_Democracy" title="Committee for the Defence of Democracy">Committee for the Defence of Democracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Citizens_of_Poland" title="Citizens of Poland">Citizens of Poland</a> demonstrations. During one of the <a href="/wiki/Citizens_of_Poland" title="Citizens of Poland">Citizens of Poland</a> demonstrations he was accused of assaulting a policeman and later detained.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solidarity" title="History of Solidarity">History of Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Wroc%C5%82aw" title="List of people from Wrocław">List of people from Wrocław</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Frasyniuk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/polish-opposition-activist-frasyniuk-detained-and-charged">"Polish opposition activist Frasyniuk detained and charged"</a>. <i>Fox News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Polish+opposition+activist+Frasyniuk+detained+and+charged&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fpolish-opposition-activist-frasyniuk-detained-and-charged&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AW%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Frasyniuk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inside-poland.com/t/solidarity-hero-arrested-during-protest-against-polands-government-in-warsaw/">"Solidarity Hero Detained During Protest Against Poland's Government in Warsaw"</a>. <i>inside-poland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_Freedom_Union_(Poland)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UWHeads" title="Template:UWHeads"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UWHeads" title="Template talk:UWHeads"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UWHeads" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UWHeads"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_Freedom_Union_(Poland)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Union_(Poland)" title="Freedom Union (Poland)">Freedom Union (Poland)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki" title="Tadeusz Mazowiecki">Tadeusz Mazowiecki</a> (1994–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Balcerowicz" title="Leszek Balcerowicz">Leszek Balcerowicz</a> (1995–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Geremek" title="Bronisław Geremek">Bronisław Geremek</a> (2000–2001)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Władysław Frasyniuk</a> (2001–2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733556#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733556#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733556#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000381569479">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/262190772">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/177401/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfgYXbqfVF9D8Txk6qvpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119311542">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86133799">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=av20221148367&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90849644">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810670103305606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poland_politic_personality_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Poland_politic_personality_icon.svg/25px-Poland_politic_personality_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Poland_politic_personality_icon.svg/38px-Poland_politic_personality_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Poland_politic_personality_icon.svg/50px-Poland_politic_personality_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This biographical article about a Polish politician is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" 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