CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>麥當勞化 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"a2252c65-2e4f-4062-a93a-eca9654a4ba6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"麥當勞化","wgTitle":"麥當勞化","wgCurRevisionId":78824082,"wgRevisionId":78824082,"wgArticleId":161115,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["自2019年11月需要校對的頁面","含有英語的條目","使用ISBN魔术链接的页面","社會學術語","全球化術語","麥當勞"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"麥當勞化","wgRelevantArticleId":161115,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true, "wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1517005","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA", "ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/SNA_segment.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="467"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/SNA_segment.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="311"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="249"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="麥當勞化 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-麥當勞化 rootpage-麥當勞化 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-层面" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#层面"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>层面</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-层面-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考書目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">麥當勞化</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。24种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ماكدونالدية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماكدونالدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldla%C5%9Fma" title="McDonaldlaşma – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="McDonaldlaşma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Макдоналдизация – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Макдоналдизация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mcdonaldizace" title="Mcdonaldizace – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mcdonaldizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldisierung" title="McDonaldisierung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="McDonaldisierung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldization" title="McDonaldization – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="McDonaldization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldizaci%C3%B3n" title="McDonaldización – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="McDonaldización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86" title="مک‌دونالدی شدن – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مک‌دونالدی شدن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mcdonaldisaatio" title="Mcdonaldisaatio – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mcdonaldisaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldisation" title="McDonaldisation – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="McDonaldisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldisasi" title="McDonaldisasi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="McDonaldisasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldsv%C3%A6%C3%B0ing" title="McDonaldsvæðing – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="McDonaldsvæðing" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldizzazione" title="McDonaldizzazione – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="McDonaldizzazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E5%8C%96" title="マクドナルド化 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マクドナルド化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A5%EB%8F%84%EB%82%A0%EB%94%94%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98" title="맥도날디제이션 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="맥도날디제이션" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mcdonaldisering" title="Mcdonaldisering – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mcdonaldisering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makdonaldyzacja" title="Makdonaldyzacja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Makdonaldyzacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="McDonaldização – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="McDonaldização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Макдональдизация – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макдональдизация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makdonaldizacija" title="Makdonaldizacija – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Makdonaldizacija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldisering" title="McDonaldisering – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="McDonaldisering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldla%C5%9Fma" title="McDonaldlaşma – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="McDonaldlaşma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Макдональдизація – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Макдональдизація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald-ho%C3%A0" title="McDonald-hoà – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="McDonald-hoà" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1517005#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&oldid=78824082" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&id=78824082&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%25BA%25A5%25E7%2595%25B6%25E5%258B%259E%25E5%258C%2596"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%25BA%25A5%25E7%2595%25B6%25E5%258B%259E%25E5%258C%2596"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1517005" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/48px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/72px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/96px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">編修</a>，以確保文法、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:避免使用的字詞">用詞、语气</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">格式</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/标点符号">標點</a>等使用恰当。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2019年11月11日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請按照<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">校對指引</a>，幫助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=edit">编辑</a>這個條目。（<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:编辑">幫助</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talk:麥當勞化（页面不存在）">討論</a>）</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84913072">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:100%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width: 200px;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:社会学">系列</a>条目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="社会学">社会学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SNA_segment.png" class="mw-file-description" title="社会网络模型"><img alt="社会网络模型" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SNA_segment.png/190px-SNA_segment.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SNA_segment.png/285px-SNA_segment.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/SNA_segment.png 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="130" /></a><figcaption>社会网络模型</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="社會學史">社會學史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会学概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会学概述（页面不存在）">社会学概述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="Portal:社会">Portal:社会</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 主要的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="社会学理论">社会学理论</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="冲突理论">冲突理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="结构功能主义">结构功能主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E4%BA%92%E5%8B%95%E8%AB%96" title="符號互動論">符號互動論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="批判理論">批判理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="实证主义">实证主义</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反实证主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Antipositivism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%A6%E8%AD%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反實證主義">反实证主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipositivism" class="extiw" title="en:Antipositivism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Antipositivism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" title="社会变迁">社会变迁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%82%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="中层理论">中层理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会建构主义">社会建构主义</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="社會研究">研究方法</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="定量研究">定量研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="質性研究">定性研究</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比较历史学研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Comparative historical research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比较历史学研究（页面不存在）">比较研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_historical_research" class="extiw" title="en:Comparative historical research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comparative historical research</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="計算社會學">計算社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%8C" title="民族誌">民族誌</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="语用学 (社会学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Conversation analysis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%A6_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="语用学 (社会学)（页面不存在）">语用学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversation_analysis" class="extiw" title="en:Conversation analysis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Conversation analysis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="历史社会学">历史社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="采访 (研究方法)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Interview (research)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E8%AE%BF_(%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="采访 (研究方法)（页面不存在）">采访</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interview_(research)" class="extiw" title="en:Interview (research)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Interview (research)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="数理社会学">数理社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="社会网络分析">社会网络分析</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 主要<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会学分支学科" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Subfields of sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会学分支学科（页面不存在）">分支学科</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subfields_of_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Subfields of sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Subfields of sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="犯罪學">犯罪學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="文化社会学">文化社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="人口学">人口学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="发展理论">发展理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E8%BD%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="越轨社会学">越轨社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="经济社会学">经济社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="教育社会学">教育社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="環境社會學">環境社會學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="家庭社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sociology of the family"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="家庭社会学（页面不存在）">家庭社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_the_family" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of the family"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of the family</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="女权社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Feminist sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女权社会学（页面不存在）">女权社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Feminist sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Feminist sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="性别社会学">性别社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="工業社會學">工業社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89" title="社会不平等">社会不平等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="知识社会学">知识社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="法律社会学">法律社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文学社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sociology of literature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文学社会学（页面不存在）">文学社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of literature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of literature</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="医学社会学">医学社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="军事社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="軍事社會學">军事社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Military sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="政治社会学">政治社会学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="种族与民族关系社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sociology of race and ethnic relations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="种族与民族关系社会学（页面不存在）">种族与民族关系社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_race_and_ethnic_relations" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of race and ethnic relations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of race and ethnic relations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教社会学">宗教社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9D%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="鄉村社會學">鄉村社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="科学知识社会学">科学知识社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="社會運動">社會運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="社会心理学">社会心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%9A%8E%E5%B1%A4" title="社會階層">社會階層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84" title="技术的社会建构">技术的社会建构</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恐怖主义社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sociology of terrorism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恐怖主义社会学（页面不存在）">恐怖主义社会学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_terrorism" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of terrorism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of terrorism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="都市社會學">城市社会学</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 其他相关信息</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="社會學家列表">社會學家列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会学时间轴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%BD%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会学时间轴（页面不存在）">社会学时间轴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:社会学"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:社会学"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:社会学"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>麥當勞化</b>（<span lang="en">McDonaldization</span>）源自《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%9A%84%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96" title="社會的麥當勞化">社會的麥當勞化</a>》一書，由該書作者、美國社會學家<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="喬治·里茲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="George Ritzer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喬治·里茲（页面不存在）">喬治·里茲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ritzer" class="extiw" title="en:George Ritzer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">George Ritzer</span></a></span>）</span></span>所發明。當一個社會<b>逐漸擁有速食店之特色</b>，該社會就被稱為麥當勞化。麥當勞化揉合了社會學上的<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)" title="理性化 (社会学)">理性化</a>和管理學上的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="科學管理">科學管理</a>概念，指出社會正在跟從速食店的運作模式而改變。喬治·里茲的理論異於德國社會學家<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E4%BC%AF" title="马克斯·韦伯">马克斯·韦伯</a>的看法，後者以<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E5%83%9A%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="官僚體制">官僚體制理論</a>形容社會變遷的趨向，前者則認為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%A4%90%E5%BA%97" title="快餐店">速食店</a>是個<b>更能代表當代社會</b>的範例。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="层面"><span id=".E5.B1.82.E9.9D.A2"></span>层面</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：层面"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>麥當勞化</b>包含以下四大概念： </p><p>生產過程方面： </p> <ul><li>控制（Control）：僱用<b>標準化</b>和<b>均一化</b>的員工完成單一作業，並於工序中應用<b>非人類技術</b>以替代人類，比如說自動冰淇淋機。</li> <li>效率（Efficiency）：大意是用<b>最理想</b>的方式來完成某項作業，但喬治·里茲對這裏的「效率」有更特定而明確的定義。以<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%8A%B3" title="麦当劳">麥當勞</a>為例，「效率」就是使顧客能<b>以最快速度</b>由 <i>饑餓</i> 變成 <i>吃飽</i>狀態。一間<b>麥當勞化的組織</b>會確保所有作業達致<b>耗時最少化</b>（使用最少時間完成最多工作量）。</li></ul> <p>銷售成果方面： </p> <ul><li>可計算性（Calculability）：目標必須<b>客觀</b>（而非主觀項目，如味道）而具<b>可量化</b>性（如銷售額）。麥當勞化下的 <i>數量</i> 與 <i>質量</i> 無異，在短時間內為顧客提供大量產品，等同提供了一件高質素的產品。從顧客角度而言，顧客可以更容易判斷 <i>付出了多少價值來換取了多少產品</i>，把交易量化；從麥當勞化組織的角度而言，顧客能被使感覺 <i>以少量金錢換來了大量產品</i>；從組織中員工的角度而言，麥當勞化之下只有工人的 <i>工作速度而非工作質素</i> 被重視。</li> <li>可預期性（Predictability）：提供<b>標準化</b>和<b>均一化</b>的服務。即是提供的產品和服務不會受<b>時間或地域因素</b>影響，麥當勞化組織每次的服務皆為<b>均一無異</b>。組織中的工人同樣具可預期性，即他們的工作極具<b>重覆</b>性、<b>常規</b>性、<b>習慣</b>性及<b>可預料</b>性。</li></ul> <p>麥當勞化的過程可以被簡述為「快餐店營運準則正逐漸支配著美國以至世界的不同的社會範疇和團體。」（Ritzer, 1993:1） </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8C%96" title="美國化">美國化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%A8%82%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91" title="可樂殖民">可樂殖民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="文化全球化">文化全球化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9%E5%88%B6" title="福特制">福特制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="全球化">全球化</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%91%B3%E4%BB%A3%E5%83%B9" title="美味代價">美味代價</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%98%A6%E9%99%8D%E4%B9%8B%E8%AC%8E" title="不瘦降之謎">不瘦降之謎</a>》，2004年纪录片</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考書目"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.9B.B8.E7.9B.AE"></span>參考書目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：參考書目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The McDonaldization of Society</i> by George Ritzer (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7619-8812-2" title="Special:网络书源/0-7619-8812-2">0-7619-8812-2</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>McDonaldization: The Reader</i> by George Ritzer (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7619-8767-3" title="Special:网络书源/0-7619-8767-3">0-7619-8767-3</a>)</dd> <dd><i>The McDonaldization Thesis: Explorations and Extensions</i> by George Ritzer (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7619-5540-2" title="Special:网络书源/0-7619-5540-2">0-7619-5540-2</a>)</dd></dl> <ul><li><i>The McDonaldization of Society</i> 的中文譯本： <ul><li>《麥當勞夢魘：社會的麥當勞化》作者：里澤著，容冰譯，中信出版社2006年1月初版，<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787508605562" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787508605562</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span></li> <li>《社會的麥當勞化》作者：George Ritzer，林祐聖、葉欣怡譯，台灣弘智2002年1月初版，<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9570453486" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9570453486</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（繁體中文）</span></li></ul></li> <li><i>McDonaldization of America's Police, Courts, and Corrections</i> by Matthew B. Robinson</li> <li><i>McCitizens</i> by Bryan Turner (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7385339725">7385339725</a>)</li> <li><i>Resisting McDonaldization</i>, ed. Barry Smart (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1243595390">1243595390</a>)</li> <li><i>Golden Arches East: McDonald's in East Asia</i> by James L. Watson (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/237048310">237048310</a>)</li> <li><i>Sociology of Consumption: Fast Food, Credit Cards and Casinos</i>, ed. George Ritzer (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/966077765">966077765</a>)</li> <li><i>The McDonaldization of Higher Education</i>, ed. Dennis Hayes & Robert Wynyard (<a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315270654">10.4324/9781315270654</a>)</li> <li><i>Enchanting a Disenchanted World</i> by George Ritzer (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/632375942">632375942</a>)</li> <li><i>The McDonaldization of the Church</i> by John Drane (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/315753136">315753136</a>)</li> <li><i>McDonald's Behind the Arches</i> by John F. Love</li> <li><i>The Sign of the Burger: Mcdonald's and the Culture of Power</i> by Joe L. Kingcheloe</li> <li><i>Chew On This: Everything You Don’t Want To Know About Fast Food</i> by Eric Schlosser</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="麦当劳" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#BC0016; color: #FFC736;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%BA%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%8A%B3" title="Template:麦当劳"><abbr title="查看该模板" style="color: #FFC736">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%BA%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%8A%B3" title="Template talk:麦当劳"><abbr title="讨论该模板" style="color: #FFC736">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%BA%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%8A%B3" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:麦当劳"><abbr title="编辑该模板" style="color: #FFC736">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="麦当劳" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%8A%B3" title="麦当劳"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFC736">麦当劳</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#FFF176;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="麥當勞公司歷史">历史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞廣告（页面不存在）">廣告</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A%E7%AF%80%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞廣告節目（页面不存在）">廣告節目</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" title="麥當勞相關爭議">争议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%8A%B3%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81" title="麦当劳产品">产品</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF176;">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%AF%9F%E5%92%8C%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%8A%B3%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" title="理察和莫里斯·麦当劳兄弟">理察和莫里斯·麦当劳兄弟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B" title="雷·克罗克">雷·克罗克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%8A%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B" title="瓊·克洛克">瓊·克洛克</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雷夫·阿爾瓦雷斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ralph Alvarez"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷夫·阿爾瓦雷斯（页面不存在）">雷夫·阿爾瓦雷斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Alvarez" class="extiw" title="en:Ralph Alvarez"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ralph Alvarez</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="查利·貝爾 (企業家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Charlie Bell (businessman)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE_(%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="查利·貝爾 (企業家)（页面不存在）">查利·貝爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Bell_(businessman)" class="extiw" title="en:Charlie Bell (businessman)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Charlie Bell (businessman)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿爾·伯納丁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Al Bernardin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E7%B4%8D%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿爾·伯納丁（页面不存在）">阿爾·伯納丁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Bernardin" class="extiw" title="en:Al Bernardin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Al Bernardin</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%A2%E6%B3%A2" title="吉姆·坎塔卢波">吉姆·坎塔卢波</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9_(1937%E5%B9%B4)" title="喬治·科恩 (1937年)">喬治·科恩</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹·庫卓特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dan Coudreaut"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E5%8D%93%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹·庫卓特（页面不存在）">丹·庫卓特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Coudreaut" class="extiw" title="en:Dan Coudreaut"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dan Coudreaut</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史蒂夫·伊斯特布魯克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Steve Easterbrook"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史蒂夫·伊斯特布魯克（页面不存在）">史蒂夫·伊斯特布魯克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Easterbrook" class="extiw" title="en:Steve Easterbrook"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Steve Easterbrook</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="珍·菲爾茲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jan Fields"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="珍·菲爾茲（页面不存在）">珍·菲爾茲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Fields" class="extiw" title="en:Jan Fields"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jan Fields</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藤田田" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="藤田田"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%A4%E7%94%B0%E7%94%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藤田田（页面不存在）">藤田田</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E7%94%B0%E7%94%B0" class="extiw" title="ja:藤田田"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">藤田田</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="唐·戈斯克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Don Gorske"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%90%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="唐·戈斯克（页面不存在）">唐·戈斯克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Gorske" class="extiw" title="en:Don Gorske"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Don Gorske</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="傑克·格林伯格" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jack M. Greenberg"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%91%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="傑克·格林伯格（页面不存在）">傑克·格林伯格</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_M._Greenberg" class="extiw" title="en:Jack M. Greenberg"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jack M. Greenberg</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="原田永幸" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="原田永幸"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%B0%E6%B0%B8%E5%B9%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原田永幸（页面不存在）">原田永幸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%B0%E6%B0%B8%E5%B9%B8" class="extiw" title="ja:原田永幸"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">原田永幸</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="克里斯·坎普斯基">克里斯·坎普斯基</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朱·馬丁諾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="June Martino"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%E8%AB%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朱·馬丁諾（页面不存在）">朱·馬丁諾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Martino" class="extiw" title="en:June Martino"><span lang="en" dir="auto">June Martino</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈勃·皮德遜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Herb Peterson"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%8B%83%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%BE%B7%E9%81%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈勃·皮德遜（页面不存在）">哈勃·皮德遜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_Peterson" class="extiw" title="en:Herb Peterson"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Herb Peterson</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="邁克爾·R·昆蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Michael R. Quinlan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%81%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%C2%B7R%C2%B7%E6%98%86%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邁克爾·R·昆蘭（页面不存在）">邁克爾·R·昆蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Quinlan" class="extiw" title="en:Michael R. Quinlan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Michael R. Quinlan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾德·里希" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ed Rensi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾德·里希（页面不存在）">艾德·里希</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Rensi" class="extiw" title="en:Ed Rensi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ed Rensi</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威拉德·斯科特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Willard Scott"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威拉德·斯科特（页面不存在）">威拉德·斯科特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Scott" class="extiw" title="en:Willard Scott"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Willard Scott</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="詹姆斯·A·斯金納" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="James A. Skinner"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7A%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%87%91%E7%B4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆斯·A·斯金納（页面不存在）">詹姆斯·A·斯金納</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Skinner" class="extiw" title="en:James A. Skinner"><span lang="en" dir="auto">James A. Skinner</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="唐納德·N·史密斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Donald N. Smith"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7N%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="唐納德·N·史密斯（页面不存在）">唐納德·N·史密斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_N._Smith" class="extiw" title="en:Donald N. Smith"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Donald N. Smith</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈里·J·索恩伯恩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Harry J. Sonneborn"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7J%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E6%81%A9%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈里·J·索恩伯恩（页面不存在）">哈里·J·索恩伯恩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_J._Sonneborn" class="extiw" title="en:Harry J. Sonneborn"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Harry J. Sonneborn</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="唐·湯普森 (商業主管)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Don Thompson (executive)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%90%C2%B7%E6%B9%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%A3%AE_(%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%AE%A1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="唐·湯普森 (商業主管)（页面不存在）">唐·湯普森</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Thompson_(executive)" class="extiw" title="en:Don Thompson (executive)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Don Thompson (executive)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛瑞德·L·特納" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fred L. Turner"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E7%91%9E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7L%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E7%B4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛瑞德·L·特納（页面不存在）">佛瑞德·L·特納</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_L._Turner" class="extiw" title="en:Fred L. Turner"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fred L. Turner</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="喬治·T·楊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="George T. Yang"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7T%C2%B7%E6%A5%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喬治·T·楊（页面不存在）">喬治·T·楊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_T._Yang" class="extiw" title="en:George T. Yang"><span lang="en" dir="auto">George T. Yang</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:McDonald%27s_Golden_Arches.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/McDonald%27s_Golden_Arches.svg/75px-McDonald%27s_Golden_Arches.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/McDonald%27s_Golden_Arches.svg/113px-McDonald%27s_Golden_Arches.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/McDonald%27s_Golden_Arches.svg/150px-McDonald%27s_Golden_Arches.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="239" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF176;">公司</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%8B%B1%E9%96%80_(%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C)" title="金拱門 (標誌)">金拱門</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E9%BA%A5%E9%80%81" title="麥麥送">麥麥送</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8_(%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E)" title="漢堡大學 (麥當勞)">汉堡大学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="McBarge" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="McBarge"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=McBarge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McBarge（页面不存在）">McBarge</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McBarge" class="extiw" title="en:McBarge"><span lang="en" dir="auto">McBarge</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCaf%C3%A9" title="McCafé">McCafé</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CosMc's" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CosMc's"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CosMc%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CosMc's（页面不存在）">CosMc's</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CosMc%27s" class="extiw" title="en:CosMc's"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CosMc's</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥當勞芝加哥旗艦店" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="McDonald's Chicago Flagship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E8%8A%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%A5%E6%97%97%E8%89%A6%E5%BA%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞芝加哥旗艦店（页面不存在）">麥當勞芝加哥旗艦店</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s_Chicago_Flagship" class="extiw" title="en:McDonald's Chicago Flagship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">McDonald's Chicago Flagship</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第一家麥當勞餐廳博物館" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="McDonald's No. 1 Store Museum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%AE%B6%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E9%A4%90%E5%BB%B3%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一家麥當勞餐廳博物館（页面不存在）">第一家麥當勞餐廳博物館</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s_No._1_Store_Museum" class="extiw" title="en:McDonald's No. 1 Store Museum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">McDonald's No. 1 Store Museum</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威爾·羅傑斯拱門" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Will Rogers Archway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%82%91%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%B1%E9%96%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威爾·羅傑斯拱門（页面不存在）">威爾·羅傑斯拱門</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Rogers_Archway" class="extiw" title="en:Will Rogers Archway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Will Rogers Archway</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥當勞樂園" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="McDonaldland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞樂園（页面不存在）">麥當勞樂園</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonaldland" class="extiw" title="en:McDonaldland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">McDonaldland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8F%94%E5%8F%94%E4%B9%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%85%88%E5%96%84%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91" title="麥當勞叔叔之家慈善基金">麥當勞叔叔之家慈善基金</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥當勞冰淇淋機" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="McDonald's ice cream machine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%86%B0%E6%B7%87%E6%B7%8B%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞冰淇淋機（页面不存在）">麥當勞冰淇淋機</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s_ice_cream_machine" class="extiw" title="en:McDonald's ice cream machine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">McDonald's ice cream machine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF176;">跨國業務</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%8A%B3%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麦当劳在中华人民共和国（页面不存在）">中国大陆</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞在香港（页面不存在）">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%9C%A8%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞在澳門（页面不存在）">澳門</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%8C" title="和德昌">臺灣</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%98%8C" title="和德昌">和德昌</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥當勞在加拿大" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="McDonald's Canada"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%9C%A8%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞在加拿大（页面不存在）">加拿大</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s_Canada" class="extiw" title="en:McDonald's Canada"><span lang="en" dir="auto">McDonald's Canada</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥當勞在法國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="McDonald's France"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%9C%A8%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞在法國（页面不存在）">法国</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s_France" class="extiw" title="en:McDonald's France"><span lang="en" dir="auto">McDonald's France</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥當勞在以色列" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="McDonald's Israel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%9C%A8%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞在以色列（页面不存在）">以色列</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s_Israel" class="extiw" title="en:McDonald's Israel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">McDonald's Israel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞在日本（页面不存在）">日本</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E" title="日本麥當勞">法人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本麥當勞控股" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日本マクドナルドホールディングス"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E6%8E%A7%E8%82%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本麥當勞控股（页面不存在）">控股公司</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:日本マクドナルドホールディングス"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日本マクドナルドホールディングス</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥當勞在紐西蘭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="McDonald's New Zealand"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%9C%A8%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞在紐西蘭（页面不存在）">紐西蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s_New_Zealand" class="extiw" title="en:McDonald's New Zealand"><span lang="en" dir="auto">McDonald's New Zealand</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥當勞在巴基斯坦" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="McDonald's Pakistan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%9C%A8%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞在巴基斯坦（页面不存在）">巴基斯坦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s_Pakistan" class="extiw" title="en:McDonald's Pakistan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">McDonald's Pakistan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥當勞在菲律賓" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="McDonald's Philippines"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%9C%A8%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞在菲律賓（页面不存在）">菲律賓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s_Philippines" class="extiw" title="en:McDonald's Philippines"><span lang="en" dir="auto">McDonald's Philippines</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%9C%A8%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="麥當勞在俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a></s> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%91%B3%E5%B0%B1%E6%98%AF%E9%80%99%E6%A8%A3" title="美味就是這樣">美味就是這樣</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF176;">产品</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF59D;">牛肉</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E6%BC%A2%E5%A0%A1" title="大麥克漢堡">大麥克漢堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E5%B0%8A%E6%BC%A2%E5%A0%A1" title="至尊漢堡">至尊漢堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E4%B8%89%E5%85%A9" title="足三兩">足三兩</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF59D;">鸡肉</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E9%B7%84%E5%A1%8A" title="麥克鷄塊">麥克鷄塊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E9%A6%99%E9%B8%A1" title="麦香鸡">麦香鸡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="板燒雞腿包" data-lang-code="yue" data-lang-name="粵语" data-foreign-title="板燒雞腿飽"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BF%E7%87%92%E9%9B%9E%E8%85%BF%E5%8C%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="板燒雞腿包（页面不存在）">板燒雞腿包</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">粵语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E7%87%92%E9%9B%9E%E8%85%BF%E9%A3%BD" class="extiw" title="yue:板燒雞腿飽"><span lang="yue" dir="auto">板燒雞腿飽</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E8%BE%A3%E9%B8%A1%E8%85%BF%E6%B1%89%E5%A0%A1" title="麦辣鸡腿汉堡">脆辣雞腿包</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="脆香雞翼" data-lang-code="yue" data-lang-name="粵语" data-foreign-title="脆香雞翼"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%86%E9%A6%99%E9%9B%9E%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脆香雞翼（页面不存在）">脆香雞翼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">粵语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%86%E9%A6%99%E9%9B%9E%E7%BF%BC" class="extiw" title="yue:脆香雞翼"><span lang="yue" dir="auto">脆香雞翼</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E8%84%86%E9%9B%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="麥脆雞">麥脆雞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF59D;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%8A%B3%E8%96%AF%E6%9D%A1" title="麦当劳薯条">薯条</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E9%A6%99%E9%AD%9A" title="麥香魚">麥香魚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%BF%83%E4%B9%90%E5%9B%AD%E9%A4%90" title="开心乐园餐">开心乐园餐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E6%BB%A1%E5%88%86" title="麦满分">滿福堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E6%97%8B%E9%A3%8E" title="麦旋风">冰旋風</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%93%E7%B3%96%E7%8F%AD%E6%88%9F%E6%BC%A2%E5%A0%A1" title="楓糖班戟漢堡">楓糖班戟漢堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%AFTASTIC" title="飯TASTIC">飯TASTIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF176;">广告</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF59D;">活动</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8F%94%E5%8F%94" title="麥當勞叔叔">麥當勞叔叔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF59D;">赞助</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%A8%E6%98%8E%E6%98%9F%E8%B3%BD" title="麥當勞高中全明星賽">麥當勞高中全明星賽</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E7%B1%83%E7%90%83%E7%9B%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞籃球盃（页面不存在）">麥當勞籃球盃</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E9%AB%98%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%83%E7%9B%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞高爾夫球盃（页面不存在）">麥當勞高爾夫球盃</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8A%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南加大水上運動中心（页面不存在）">南加大水上運動中心</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF59D;">相关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E5%B0%B1%E5%96%9C%E6%AC%A2" title="我就喜欢">我就喜欢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%93%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1%E6%9B%B4%E6%9C%89%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6%E3%80%8C%E6%8E%A5%E7%B4%8D%E7%AF%87%E3%80%8D" title="讓對話更有溫度「接納篇」">讓對話更有溫度「接納篇」</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="最古老的麥當勞餐廳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oldest McDonald's restaurant"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E5%8F%A4%E8%80%81%E7%9A%84%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E9%A4%90%E5%BB%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="最古老的麥當勞餐廳（页面不存在）">最古老的麥當勞餐廳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldest_McDonald%27s_restaurant" class="extiw" title="en:Oldest McDonald's restaurant"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oldest McDonald's restaurant</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E7%AC%AC433%E8%99%9F%E5%88%86%E5%BA%97%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C" title="麥當勞第433號分店標誌">麦当劳第433号分店标志</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh_La_La_La" title="Oh La La La">Oh La La La</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF176;">批评</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%A4%90%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="快餐国家">快餐国家</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">麥當勞化</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥當勞遊戲（页面不存在）">麥當勞遊戲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C" title="麥工作">麥工作</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91" title="麥難民">麥難民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%98%A6%E9%99%8D%E4%B9%8B%E8%AC%8E" title="不瘦降之謎">不瘦降之謎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF176;">法律案件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B%E8%A8%B4%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E9%A4%90%E5%BB%B3%E6%A1%88" title="里貝克訴麥當勞餐廳案">里貝克訴麥當勞餐廳案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E8%AA%B9%E8%AC%97%E6%A1%88" title="麥誹謗案">麥誹謗案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF176;">流行文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E8%97%8D%E8%B7%AF" title="藍藍路">藍藍路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E8%8C%84%E6%B1%81%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC" title="麥當勞茄汁密碼">茄汁密碼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="麥路人">麥路人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFF176;">相关</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%8A%B3%E6%98%B5%E7%A7%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="麦当劳昵称列表">麥當勞暱稱列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E7%84%A1%E9%9C%B8%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8" title="巨無霸指數">巨无霸指数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%80%9D%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%85%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="聖思多羅麥當勞大屠殺">聖思多羅麥當勞大屠殺</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%E6%B2%B3%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E8%AC%80%E6%AE%BA%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="悉尼河麥當勞謀殺案（页面不存在）">悉尼河麥當勞謀殺案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E6%A1%88" title="臺北麥當勞爆炸案">台北麥當勞爆炸案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4%E6%8B%9B%E8%BF%9C%E5%9B%B4%E6%AE%B4%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E8%87%B4%E6%AD%BB%E6%A1%88" title="2014年招远围殴女子致死案">招远围殴女子致死案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%91%9E%E9%82%A8%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%9C%8D%E6%AF%86%E5%91%BD%E6%A1%88" title="天瑞邨麥當勞圍毆命案">天瑞邨麥當勞圍毆命案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" title="速食遊戲">速食遊戲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024%E5%B9%B4%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E8%AC%9D%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E7%B8%BD%E7%AB%99%E6%A7%8D%E6%93%8A%E6%A1%88" title="2024年貝爾謝巴巴士總站槍擊案">貝爾謝巴巴士總站槍擊案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="全球化" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="Template:全球化"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:全球化（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:全球化"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="全球化" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="全球化">全球化</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球化相关期刊列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of globalization-related journals"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球化相关期刊列表（页面不存在）">全球化相关期刊列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_globalization-related_journals" class="extiw" title="en:List of globalization-related journals"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of globalization-related journals</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球化大纲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of globalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E7%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球化大纲（页面不存在）">全球化大纲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_globalization" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of globalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of globalization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="全球研究">全球研究</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">層面</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A6%E9%A1%9E%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="另類全球化">另類全球化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="反全球化运动">反全球化运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="文化全球化">文化全球化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="去全球化">去全球化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="民主全球化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Democratic globalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民主全球化（页面不存在）">民主全球化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_globalization" class="extiw" title="en:Democratic globalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Democratic globalization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="经济全球化">经济全球化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="環境全球化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental globalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="环境全球化">環境全球化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_globalization" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental globalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental globalization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB" title="全球金融体系">全球金融体系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="全球公民意識">全球公民意識</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球公民教育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Global citizenship education"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球公民教育（页面不存在）">全球公民教育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_citizenship_education" class="extiw" title="en:Global citizenship education"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Global citizenship education</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86" title="全球治理">全球治理</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球政治 (全球化層面)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Global politics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB_(%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%B1%A4%E9%9D%A2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球政治 (全球化層面)（页面不存在）">全球政治</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_politics" class="extiw" title="en:Global politics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Global politics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球健康" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Global health"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球健康（页面不存在）">全球健康</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_health" class="extiw" title="en:Global health"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Global health</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球化歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of globalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球化歷史（页面不存在）">全球化歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_globalization" class="extiw" title="en:History of globalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of globalization</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="古代全球化">古代全球化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="原始全球化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Proto-globalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始全球化（页面不存在）">原始全球化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-globalization" class="extiw" title="en:Proto-globalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Proto-globalization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="軍事全球化">軍事全球化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="政治全球化">政治全球化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="貿易全球化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trade globalization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貿易全球化（页面不存在）">貿易全球化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_globalization" class="extiw" title="en:Trade globalization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trade globalization</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球勞動力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Global workforce"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球勞動力（页面不存在）">全球勞動力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_workforce" class="extiw" title="en:Global workforce"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Global workforce</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">問題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">全球</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96" title="全球变暖">全球变暖</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89" title="气候正义">气候正义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E8%88%87%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="全球化與疾病">全球化與疾病</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E7%97%85%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85" title="2019冠状病毒病疫情">2019冠状病毒病疫情</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球数字鸿沟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Global digital divide"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E9%B8%BF%E6%B2%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球数字鸿沟（页面不存在）">全球数字鸿沟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_digital_divide" class="extiw" title="en:Global digital divide"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Global digital divide</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="全球劳动套利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Global labor arbitrage"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E5%A5%97%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全球劳动套利（页面不存在）">全球劳动套利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_labor_arbitrage" class="extiw" title="en:Global labor arbitrage"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Global labor arbitrage</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="世界人口">世界人口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BF%E7%A8%85%E6%B8%AF" title="避稅港">避稅港</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%B2%B8%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="离岸金融中心">离岸金融中心</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="税负倒置" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tax inversion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%8E%E8%B4%9F%E5%80%92%E7%BD%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="税负倒置（页面不存在）">税负倒置</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_inversion" class="extiw" title="en:Tax inversion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tax inversion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="稅基侵蝕和利潤轉移" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Base erosion and profit shifting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%85%E5%9F%BA%E4%BE%B5%E8%9D%95%E5%92%8C%E5%88%A9%E6%BD%A4%E8%BD%89%E7%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="稅基侵蝕和利潤轉移（页面不存在）">稅基侵蝕和利潤轉移</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_erosion_and_profit_shifting" class="extiw" title="en:Base erosion and profit shifting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Base erosion and profit shifting</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%8E%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E7%A8%85%E7%8E%87" title="全球最低企業稅率">全球最低企業稅率</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水安全" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water security"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水安全（页面不存在）">水安全</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_security" class="extiw" title="en:Water security"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water security</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">其他</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8D%E5%A4%96%E6%B5%81" title="人才外流">人才外流</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人才回流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reverse brain drain"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%8D%E5%9B%9E%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人才回流（页面不存在）">人才回流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_brain_drain" class="extiw" title="en:Reverse brain drain"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reverse brain drain</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="护理流失" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Care drain"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86%E6%B5%81%E5%A4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="护理流失（页面不存在）">护理流失</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Care_drain" class="extiw" title="en:Care drain"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Care drain</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8F%B4%E5%8A%A9" title="发展援助">发展援助</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E5%AF%8C%E5%B7%AE%E8%B7%9D" title="貧富差距">貧富差距</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="瀕危語言">瀕危語言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%B9%B3%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" title="公平貿易">公平貿易</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="强迫迁离" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forced displacement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%BA%E8%BF%AB%E8%BF%81%E7%A6%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="强迫迁离（页面不存在）">强迫迁离</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_displacement" class="extiw" title="en:Forced displacement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forced displacement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83" title="人权">人权</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非法资金流动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Illicit financial flows"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B3%95%E8%B5%84%E9%87%91%E6%B5%81%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非法资金流动（页面不存在）">非法资金流动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illicit_financial_flows" class="extiw" title="en:Illicit financial flows"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Illicit financial flows</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="帝国主义">帝国主义</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="學術帝國主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Academic imperialism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="學術帝國主義（页面不存在）">學術帝國主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_imperialism" class="extiw" title="en:Academic imperialism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Academic imperialism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="文化帝國主義">文化帝國主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="语言帝国主义">语言帝国主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="媒體帝國主義">媒體帝國主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科学帝国主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Scientific imperialism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科学帝国主义（页面不存在）">科学帝国主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_imperialism" class="extiw" title="en:Scientific imperialism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Scientific imperialism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会帝国主义">社会帝国主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="入侵物种">入侵物种</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84%E8%80%85%E2%80%94%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%89%E7%AB%AF%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3" title="投资者—国家争端解决">投资者—国家争端解决</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="妖精经济学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Leprechaun economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A6%96%E7%B2%BE%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="妖精经济学（页面不存在）">妖精经济学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprechaun_economics" class="extiw" title="en:Leprechaun economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Leprechaun economics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">麥當勞化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新国际分工" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="New international division of labour"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%86%E5%B7%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新国际分工（页面不存在）">新国际分工</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_international_division_of_labour" class="extiw" title="en:New international division of labour"><span lang="en" dir="auto">New international division of labour</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E5%88%86%E6%AD%A7" title="南北分歧">南北分歧</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="离岸外包" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Offshoring"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%BB%E5%B2%B8%E5%A4%96%E5%8C%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="离岸外包（页面不存在）">离岸外包</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offshoring" class="extiw" title="en:Offshoring"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Offshoring</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="竞次" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Race to the bottom"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%9E%E6%AC%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="竞次（页面不存在）">竞次</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_to_the_bottom" class="extiw" title="en:Race to the bottom"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Race to the bottom</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E9%81%BF%E9%9A%BE%E6%89%80%E5%81%87%E8%AF%B4" title="污染避难所假说">污染避难所假说</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="跨国有组织犯罪" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transnational organized crime"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%A8%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%89%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跨国有组织犯罪（页面不存在）">跨国有组织犯罪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnational_organized_crime" class="extiw" title="en:Transnational organized crime"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transnational organized crime</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%8C%96" title="西方化">西方化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="世界大戰">世界大戰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">理論</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="資本積累" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Capital accumulation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E7%A9%8D%E7%B4%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="資本積累（页面不存在）">資本積累</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_accumulation" class="extiw" title="en:Capital accumulation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Capital accumulation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E9%99%84%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6)" title="依附理论 (国际政治经济学)">依附理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="发展理论">发展理论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球系统科学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Earth system science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球系统科学（页面不存在）">地球系统科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_science" class="extiw" title="en:Earth system science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Earth system science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A2%E6%94%BF%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="财政地方主义">财政地方主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="现代化理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Modernization theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="現代化理論">现代化理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernization_theory" class="extiw" title="en:Modernization theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Modernization theory</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96" title="生態現代化">生態現代化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="现代化理论历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of modernisation theory"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="现代化理论历史（页面不存在）">现代化理论历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_modernisation_theory" class="extiw" title="en:History of modernisation theory"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of modernisation theory</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%A7%AF%E7%B4%AF" title="资本原始积累">资本原始积累</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" title="社会变迁">社会变迁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="世界歷史">世界歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="世界體系理論">世界體系理論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">知名學者</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">經濟學</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉斐·巴特拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ravi Batra"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%96%90%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉斐·巴特拉（页面不存在）">拉斐·巴特拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_Batra" class="extiw" title="en:Ravi Batra"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ravi Batra</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E6%A0%BC%E8%BF%AA%E4%BB%80%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E7%93%A6%E8%92%82" title="賈格迪什·巴格瓦蒂">賈格迪什·巴格瓦蒂</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗伯特.布伦纳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Robert Brenner"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9.%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗伯特.布伦纳（页面不存在）">罗伯特.布伦纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Brenner" class="extiw" title="en:Robert Brenner"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Robert Brenner</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="贾亚提·戈什" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jayati Ghosh"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%BE%E4%BA%9A%E6%8F%90%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E4%BB%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贾亚提·戈什（页面不存在）">贾亚提·戈什</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayati_Ghosh" class="extiw" title="en:Jayati Ghosh"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jayati Ghosh</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="迈克尔·赫德森 (经济学家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Michael Hudson (economist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%BE%B7%E6%A3%AE_(%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迈克尔·赫德森 (经济学家)（页面不存在）">迈克尔·赫德森</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Hudson_(economist)" class="extiw" title="en:Michael Hudson (economist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Michael Hudson (economist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布兰科·米兰诺维奇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Branko Milanović"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B0%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布兰科·米兰诺维奇（页面不存在）">布兰科·米兰诺维奇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branko_Milanovi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="en:Branko Milanović"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Branko Milanović</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凯文·奥罗克 (经济学家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kevin O'Rourke"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B_(%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凯文·奥罗克 (经济学家)（页面不存在）">凯文·奥罗克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_O%27Rourke" class="extiw" title="en:Kevin O'Rourke"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kevin O'Rourke</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E7%91%AA%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E6%8F%90" title="湯瑪斯·皮克提">湯瑪斯·皮克提</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="丹尼·罗德里克">丹尼·罗德里克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%91%E4%BD%9B%E7%91%9E%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="傑佛瑞·薩克斯">傑佛瑞·薩克斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%A8" title="约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨">约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">政治經濟學</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%98%8E" title="萨米尔·阿明">萨米尔·阿明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%8A%B3%E5%9F%BA" title="喬凡尼·阿銳基">喬凡尼·阿銳基</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗伯特·W·考克斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Robert W. Cox"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7W%C2%B7%E8%80%83%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗伯特·W·考克斯（页面不存在）">罗伯特·W·考克斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Cox" class="extiw" title="en:Robert W. Cox"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Robert W. Cox</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%86%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="安德烈·冈德·弗兰克">安德烈·冈德·弗兰克</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯蒂芬·吉尔 (政治学者)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stephen Gill (political scientist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯蒂芬·吉尔 (政治学者)（页面不存在）">斯蒂芬·吉尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gill_(political_scientist)" class="extiw" title="en:Stephen Gill (political scientist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stephen Gill (political scientist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="彼得·高恩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peter Gowan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·高恩（页面不存在）">彼得·高恩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gowan" class="extiw" title="en:Peter Gowan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peter Gowan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%BB%B4" title="大卫·哈维">大卫·哈维</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗内·帕兰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ronen Palan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E5%85%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗内·帕兰（页面不存在）">罗内·帕兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronen_Palan" class="extiw" title="en:Ronen Palan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ronen Palan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%8F%8A%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%E5%A5%87" title="苏珊·斯特兰奇">苏珊·斯特兰奇</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="罗伯特·韦德 (学者)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Robert Wade (scholar)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%BE%B7_(%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗伯特·韦德 (学者)（页面不存在）">罗伯特·韦德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wade_(scholar)" class="extiw" title="en:Robert Wade (scholar)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Robert Wade (scholar)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加布里埃尔·祖克曼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gabriel Zucman"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%A5%96%E5%85%8B%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加布里埃尔·祖克曼（页面不存在）">加布里埃尔·祖克曼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Zucman" class="extiw" title="en:Gabriel Zucman"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gabriel Zucman</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">政治/社會學</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿尔君·阿帕杜莱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Arjun Appadurai"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%90%9B%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%95%E6%9D%9C%E8%8E%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿尔君·阿帕杜莱（页面不存在）">阿尔君·阿帕杜莱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjun_Appadurai" class="extiw" title="en:Arjun Appadurai"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Arjun Appadurai</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%E5%B8%83%E5%90%89" title="丹尼尔·阿尔基布吉">丹尼尔·阿尔基布吉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奎迈·安东尼·阿皮亚" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kwame Anthony Appiah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%8E%E8%BF%88%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奎迈·安东尼·阿皮亚（页面不存在）">奎迈·安东尼·阿皮亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Anthony_Appiah" class="extiw" title="en:Kwame Anthony Appiah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kwame Anthony Appiah</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="乌尔利希·贝克">乌尔利希·贝克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="瓦爾登·貝約">瓦爾登·貝約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%9A%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%B8%8C%E4%BA%9E" title="尚·布希亞">尚·布希亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E9%B2%8D%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="齐格蒙·鲍曼">齐格蒙·鲍曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E7%B4%90%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="曼紐·卡斯提爾">曼紐·卡斯提爾</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克里斯托弗·蔡斯-邓恩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Christopher Chase-Dunn"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E8%94%A1%E6%96%AF-%E9%82%93%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克里斯托弗·蔡斯-邓恩（页面不存在）">克里斯托弗·蔡斯-邓恩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Chase-Dunn" class="extiw" title="en:Christopher Chase-Dunn"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Christopher Chase-Dunn</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%AF%94" title="阿尔弗雷德·克罗斯比">阿尔弗雷德·克罗斯比</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南茜·弗雷泽" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nancy Fraser"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8C%9C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%BE%A4" title="南茜·弗雷澤">南茜·弗雷泽</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Fraser" class="extiw" title="en:Nancy Fraser"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nancy Fraser</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏珊·乔治 (政治学者)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Susan George (political scientist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E7%8F%8A%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏珊·乔治 (政治学者)（页面不存在）">苏珊·乔治</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_George_(political_scientist)" class="extiw" title="en:Susan George (political scientist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Susan George (political scientist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%B4%80%E7%99%BB%E6%96%AF" title="安東尼·紀登斯">安東尼·紀登斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9" title="迈克尔·哈特">迈克尔·哈特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="戴维·赫尔德">戴维·赫尔德</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保罗·赫斯特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paul Hirst"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保罗·赫斯特（页面不存在）">保罗·赫斯特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hirst" class="extiw" title="en:Paul Hirst"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paul Hirst</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凌煥銘" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="L. H. M. Ling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%8C%E7%85%A5%E9%8A%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凌煥銘（页面不存在）">凌煥銘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._H._M._Ling" class="extiw" title="en:L. H. M. Ling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">L. H. M. Ling</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%A5%88%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C" title="安东尼奥·奈格里">安东尼奥·奈格里</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乔治·瑞泽尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="George Ritzer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E7%91%9E%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乔治·瑞泽尔（页面不存在）">乔治·瑞泽尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ritzer" class="extiw" title="en:George Ritzer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">George Ritzer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E9%9B%85%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E6%A3%AE" title="薩斯基雅·薩森">薩斯基雅·薩森</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约翰·尤瑞 (社会学家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John Urry (sociologist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B0%A4%E7%91%9E_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·尤瑞 (社会学家)（页面不存在）">约翰·尤瑞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Urry_(sociologist)" class="extiw" title="en:John Urry (sociologist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John Urry (sociologist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E7%BA%BD%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦">伊曼纽尔·沃勒斯坦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">其他</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="诺姆·乔姆斯基">诺姆·乔姆斯基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%BC" title="湯馬斯·佛里曼">湯馬斯·佛里曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%9C%E6%AC%A7%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E5%9B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="娜欧米·克莱因">娜欧米·克莱因</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约翰·拉斯藤·绍尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John Ralston Saul"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%97%A4%C2%B7%E7%BB%8D%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约翰·拉斯藤·绍尔（页面不存在）">约翰·拉斯藤·绍尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ralston_Saul" class="extiw" title="en:John Ralston Saul"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John Ralston Saul</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%88%E5%A6%B2%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%93%A6" title="紈妲娜·希瓦">紈妲娜·希瓦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="Category:全球化">分類</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:经济学">经济学主题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=麥當勞化&oldid=78824082">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=麥當勞化&oldid=78824082</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E" title="Category:社會學術語">社會學術語</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E" title="Category:全球化術語">全球化術語</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E" title="Category:麥當勞">麥當勞</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2019%E5%B9%B411%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:自2019年11月需要校對的頁面">自2019年11月需要校對的頁面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ISBN%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用ISBN魔术链接的页面">使用ISBN魔术链接的页面</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2023年9月7日 (星期四) 05:47。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6z6cl","wgBackendResponseTime":220,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.820","walltime":"1.007","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5126,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":347388,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7334,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":106,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":46732,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 783.088 1 -total"," 61.35% 480.393 6 Template:Navbox"," 25.07% 196.314 74 Template:Tsl"," 24.07% 188.479 1 Template:全球化"," 20.94% 163.988 1 Template:麦当劳"," 19.81% 155.150 1 Template:Sociology"," 19.26% 150.804 1 Template:Sidebar"," 11.23% 87.971 1 Template:Copyedit"," 8.76% 68.563 3 Template:ISBN"," 8.64% 67.687 1 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.394","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4048019,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-7dc49685fd-trh9s","timestamp":"20241112094650","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u5316","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%BA%A5%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E5%8C%96","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1517005","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1517005","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-09-21T05:27:43Z","dateModified":"2023-09-07T05:47:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c7\/SNA_segment.png"}</script> </body> </html>