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title="Flundro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flundro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%81%D8%B4%DA%A9_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C)" title="کفشک (ماهی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کفشک (ماهی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flet" title="Flet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Flet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadhb%C3%B3g" title="Leadhbóg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leadhbóg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flundro" title="Flundro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Flundro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan_sebelah" title="Ikan sebelah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ikan sebelah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%93%D7%92)" title="פיונית (דג) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיונית (דג)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C4%85dra" title="Flądra – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Flądra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguado" title="Linguado – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Linguado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Камбала – Russian" lang="ru" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Group of flatfish species</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the fish. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Flounder_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Flounder (disambiguation)">Flounder (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Flounder" title="Special:EditPage/Flounder">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Flounder%22">"Flounder"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Flounder%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Flounder%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Flounder%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Flounder%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Flounder%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg/250px-Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="159" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Winter_flounder" title="Winter flounder">Winter flounder</a>, <i>Pseudopleuronectes americanus</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flounder_hawaii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flounder_hawaii.jpg/250px-Flounder_hawaii.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flounder_hawaii.jpg/375px-Flounder_hawaii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flounder_hawaii.jpg/500px-Flounder_hawaii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="1064" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flowery_flounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowery flounder">Flowery flounder</a>, <i>Bothus mancus</i>, <br />Bahía de la Chiva, at <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Flounders</b> are a group of <a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">flatfish</a> species. They are <a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">demersal fish</a>, found at the bottom of oceans around the world; some species will also enter <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuaries</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flounder&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "flounder" is used for several only distantly related species, though all are in the suborder <a href="/wiki/Pleuronectoidei" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleuronectoidei">Pleuronectoidei</a> (families <a href="/wiki/Achiropsettidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Achiropsettidae">Achiropsettidae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bothidae" title="Bothidae">Bothidae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pleuronectidae" title="Pleuronectidae">Pleuronectidae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paralichthyidae" title="Paralichthyidae">Paralichthyidae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samaridae" title="Samaridae">Samaridae</a>). Some of the better known species that are important in fisheries are: </p> <ul><li>Western Atlantic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_flounder" title="Gulf flounder">Gulf flounder</a> – <i>Paralichthys albigutta</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralichthys_lethostigma" title="Paralichthys lethostigma">Southern flounder</a> – <i>Paralichthys lethostigma</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_flounder" title="Summer flounder">Summer flounder</a> (also known as <i>fluke</i>) – <i>Paralichthys dentatus</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_flounder" title="Winter flounder">Winter flounder</a> – <i>Pseudopleuronectes americanus</i></li></ul></li> <li>European waters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_flounder" title="European flounder">European flounder</a> – <i>Platichthys flesus</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_(righteye_flounder)" title="Witch (righteye flounder)">Witch flounder</a> – <i>Glyptocephalus cynoglossus</i></li></ul></li> <li>North Pacific <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">Halibut</a> – <i>Hippoglossus stenolepis</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_flounder" title="Olive flounder">Olive flounder</a> – <i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eye_migration">Eye migration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flounder&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Eye migration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flounder_(48797888528).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flounder_%2848797888528%29.jpg/280px-Flounder_%2848797888528%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flounder_%2848797888528%29.jpg/420px-Flounder_%2848797888528%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flounder_%2848797888528%29.jpg/560px-Flounder_%2848797888528%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>An adult flounder with both eyes migrated to its right, upward-facing side</figcaption></figure> <p>Larval flounder are born with one eye on each side of their head, but as they grow from the larval to juvenile stage through <a href="/wiki/Metamorphosis" title="Metamorphosis">metamorphosis</a>, one eye migrates to the other side of the body. As a result, both eyes are then on the side which faces up. The side to which the eyes migrate is dependent on the species type. As an adult, a flounder changes its habits and <a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">camouflages</a> itself by lying on the bottom of the ocean floor as protection against predators.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat">Habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flounder&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flounders ambush their prey, feeding at soft muddy areas of the sea bottom, near bridge piles, docks, and coral reefs. </p><p>A flounder's diet consists mainly of fish spawn, <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustaceans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polychaete" title="Polychaete">polychaetes</a> and small fish. Flounder typically grow to a length of 22–60 centimeters (8.7–23.6 in), and as large as 95 centimeters (37 in). Their width is about half their length. Male <i>Platichthys</i> have been found up to 130 km (80 mi) off the coast of northern Sardinia, sometimes with heavy encrustations of various species of <a href="/wiki/Barnacle" title="Barnacle">barnacle</a>. </p><p>Fluke, a type of flounder, are being farm raised in open water by Mariculture Technologies in Greenport, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Threats">Threats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flounder&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Threats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flounder_camo_md.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flounder_camo_md.jpg/250px-Flounder_camo_md.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flounder_camo_md.jpg/375px-Flounder_camo_md.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flounder_camo_md.jpg/500px-Flounder_camo_md.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1531" data-file-height="1021" /></a><figcaption>A flounder blending into its environment</figcaption></figure> <p>World stocks of large <a href="/wiki/Predatory_fish" title="Predatory fish">predatory fish</a> and large ground fish, including <a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">sole</a> and flounder, were estimated in 2003 to be only about 10% of pre-industrial levels, largely due to <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a>. Most overfishing is due to the extensive activities of the fishing industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Clover2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clover2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Myers2003_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Current estimates suggest that approximately 30 million flounder (excluding <a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">sole</a>) are alive in the world today.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, along the coast of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, research indicates the flounder population could be as low as 15 million due to heavy overfishing and industrial pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flounder&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFairchildHowell2004" class="citation journal cs1">Fairchild, E.A.; Howell, W.H (2004). "Factors affecting the post-release survival of cultured juvenile Pseudopleuronectes americanus". <i>Journal of Fish Biology</i>. <b>65</b> (Supplementary A): 69–87. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JFBio..65S..69F">2004JFBio..65S..69F</a>. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.532.3120">10.1.1.532.3120</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0022-1112.2004.00529.x">10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00529.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fish+Biology&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+the+post-release+survival+of+cultured+juvenile+Pseudopleuronectes+americanus&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=Supplementary+A&rft.pages=69-87&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.532.3120%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0022-1112.2004.00529.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004JFBio..65S..69F&rft.aulast=Fairchild&rft.aufirst=E.A.&rft.au=Howell%2C+W.H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlounder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKreahling1996" class="citation web cs1">Kreahling, Lorraine (17 November 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/17/nyregion/farming-fluke-in-open-water.html">"Farming Fluke in Open Water"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Farming+Fluke+in+Open+Water&rft.date=1996-11-17&rft.aulast=Kreahling&rft.aufirst=Lorraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F11%2F17%2Fnyregion%2Ffarming-fluke-in-open-water.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlounder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clover2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clover2008_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClover2008" class="citation book cs1">Clover, Charles (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OMY-gEKMod8C"><i>The End of the Line: How Overfishing is Changing the World and what We Eat</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25505-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25505-0"><bdi>978-0-520-25505-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/67383509">67383509</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+the+Line%3A+How+Overfishing+is+Changing+the+World+and+what+We+Eat&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F67383509&rft.isbn=978-0-520-25505-0&rft.aulast=Clover&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOMY-gEKMod8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlounder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myers2003-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Myers2003_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyersWorm2003" class="citation journal cs1">Myers, R. A.; Worm, B. (2003). "Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities". <i>Nature</i>. <b>423</b> (6937): 280–283. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.423..280M">2003Natur.423..280M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature01610">10.1038/nature01610</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12748640">12748640</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2392394">2392394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Rapid+worldwide+depletion+of+predatory+fish+communities&rft.volume=423&rft.issue=6937&rft.pages=280-283&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature01610&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2392394%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12748640&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003Natur.423..280M&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rft.au=Worm%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlounder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalton2006" class="citation web cs1">Dalton, Rex (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165926/http://www.bioedonline.org/news/nature-news/save-big-fish/">"Save the big fish: Targeting of larger fish makes populations prone to collapse"</a>. <i>BioEd Online</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioedonline.org/news/nature-news/save-big-fish/">the original</a> on 27 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BioEd+Online&rft.atitle=Save+the+big+fish%3A+Targeting+of+larger+fish+makes+populations+prone+to+collapse&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Dalton&rft.aufirst=Rex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioedonline.org%2Fnews%2Fnature-news%2Fsave-big-fish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlounder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsiehReissHunterBeddington2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hsieh, Chih-hao; Reiss, Christian S.; Hunter, John R.; Beddington, John R.; May, Robert M.; Sugihara, George (2006). "Fishing elevates variability in the abundance of exploited species". <i>Nature</i>. <b>443</b> (7113): 859–62. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.443..859H">2006Natur.443..859H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature05232">10.1038/nature05232</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17051218">17051218</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4398663">4398663</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Fishing+elevates+variability+in+the+abundance+of+exploited+species&rft.volume=443&rft.issue=7113&rft.pages=859-62&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature05232&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4398663%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17051218&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Natur.443..859H&rft.aulast=Hsieh&rft.aufirst=Chih-hao&rft.au=Reiss%2C+Christian+S.&rft.au=Hunter%2C+John+R.&rft.au=Beddington%2C+John+R.&rft.au=May%2C+Robert+M.&rft.au=Sugihara%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlounder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://a-z-animals.com/animals/flounder/">"flounder fish facts"</a>. <i>a-z-animals.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=a-z-animals.com&rft.atitle=flounder+fish+facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fa-z-animals.com%2Fanimals%2Fflounder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlounder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsmfc.org/publications/GSMFC%20Number%20083.pdf">"The Flounder Fishery of the Gulf of Mexico, United States: A Regional Management Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Gulf_States_Marine_Fisheries_Commission" title="Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission">Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission</a>. October 2000. Number 83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Flounder+Fishery+of+the+Gulf+of+Mexico%2C+United+States%3A+A+Regional+Management+Plan&rft.pub=Gulf+States+Marine+Fisheries+Commission&rft.date=2000-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsmfc.org%2Fpublications%2FGSMFC%2520Number%2520083.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlounder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flounder&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="Flatfish">flatfish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">Halibut</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Hippoglossus" title="Hippoglossus">True</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(2 species)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_halibut" title="Atlantic halibut">Atlantic halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_halibut" title="Pacific halibut">Pacific halibut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_flounder" title="Kamchatka flounder">Arrowtooth halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotted_halibut" title="Shotted halibut">Shotted halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland_halibut" title="Greenland halibut">Greenland halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_halibut" title="Spotted halibut">Spotted halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_flounder" class="mw-redirect" title="California flounder">California halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_flounder" title="Olive flounder">Bastard halibut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Plaice" title="Plaice">Plaice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="(4_species)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(4 species)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_plaice" title="European plaice">European plaice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_plaice" title="American plaice">American plaice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_plaice" title="Alaska plaice">Alaska plaice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale-eye_plaice" title="Scale-eye plaice">Scale-eye plaice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pleuronectes" title="Category:Pleuronectes">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Turbot" title="Turbot">Turbot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Scophthalmus_maximus" class="mw-redirect" title="Scophthalmus maximus">True</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(1 species)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Turbot" title="Turbot">Scophthalmus maximus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scophthalmus" title="Category:Scophthalmus">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Spiny_turbot" title="Spiny turbot">Spiny</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(3 species)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psettodidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Psettodidae">Psettodidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_turbot" title="Diamond turbot">Diamond turbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornyhead_turbot" title="Hornyhead turbot">Hornyhead turbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_turbot" title="New Zealand turbot">New Zealand turbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocellated_turbot" title="Ocellated turbot">Ocellated turbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_turbot" title="Spotted turbot">Spotted turbot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Psammodiscus_ocellatus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indonesian ocellated flounder"><img alt="Indonesian ocellated flounder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Psammodiscus_ocellatus.jpg/140px-Psammodiscus_ocellatus.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Psammodiscus_ocellatus.jpg/210px-Psammodiscus_ocellatus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Psammodiscus_ocellatus.jpg/280px-Psammodiscus_ocellatus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="177" /></a></span><br /><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancylopsetta_dilecta_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Three-eye flounder"><img alt="Three-eye flounder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ancylopsetta_dilecta_2.jpg/140px-Ancylopsetta_dilecta_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ancylopsetta_dilecta_2.jpg/210px-Ancylopsetta_dilecta_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ancylopsetta_dilecta_2.jpg/280px-Ancylopsetta_dilecta_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="496" /></a></span><br /><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winter flounder"><img alt="Winter flounder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg/140px-Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg/210px-Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg/280px-Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="159" /></a></span><br /><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Psetta_maxima_Luc_Viatour.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="True turbot"><img alt="True turbot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Psetta_maxima_Luc_Viatour.jpg/140px-Psetta_maxima_Luc_Viatour.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Psetta_maxima_Luc_Viatour.jpg/210px-Psetta_maxima_Luc_Viatour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Psetta_maxima_Luc_Viatour.jpg/280px-Psetta_maxima_Luc_Viatour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3539" data-file-height="2627" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Generally<br />smaller<br /><a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">flatfish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">Sole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Soleidae" title="Soleidae">True</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(135 species)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_sole" title="Common sole">Common (Dover) sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardachirus_marmoratus" title="Pardachirus marmoratus">Finless sole</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soleichthys_heterorhinos" title="Soleichthys heterorhinos">Soleichthys heterorhinos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solenette" title="Solenette">Yellow sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soleidae" title="Category:Soleidae">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Achiridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Achiridae">American</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(28 species)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achiridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Achiridae">Achiridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_soles" title="Category:American soles">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynoglossidae">Tongue</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(138 species)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_cynoglossus" title="Cynoglossus cynoglossus">Bengal tongue sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_canariensis" title="Cynoglossus canariensis">Canary tonguesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_dubius" title="Cynoglossus dubius">Carrot tonguesole</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_suyeni" title="Cynoglossus suyeni">Cynoglossus suyeni</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_durbanensis" title="Cynoglossus durbanensis">Durban tonguesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_attenuatus" title="Cynoglossus attenuatus">Fourline tonguesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_bilineatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynoglossus bilineatus">Fourlined tonguesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_cadenati" title="Cynoglossus cadenati">Ghanaian tonguesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_carpenteri" title="Cynoglossus carpenteri">Hooked tonguesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_arel" title="Cynoglossus arel">Largescale tonguesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_acaudatus" title="Cynoglossus acaudatus">Natal tongue-fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_browni" title="Cynoglossus browni">Nigerian tonguesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_gilchristi" title="Cynoglossus gilchristi">Ripplefin tonguesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_feldmanni" title="Cynoglossus feldmanni">River tonguesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_dispar" title="Cynoglossus dispar">Roundhead tonguesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_capensis" title="Cynoglossus capensis">Sand tonguefish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_acutirostris" title="Cynoglossus acutirostris">Sharpnose tonguesole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_broadhursti" title="Cynoglossus broadhursti">Southern tongue sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_puncticeps" title="Cynoglossus puncticeps">Speckled tonguesole</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Symphurus_thermophilus" title="Symphurus thermophilus">Symphurus thermophilus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynoglossus_abbreviatus" title="Cynoglossus abbreviatus">Three-lined tongue sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cynoglossidae" title="Category:Cynoglossidae">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter_sole" title="Butter sole">Butter sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curlfin_sole" title="Curlfin sole">Curlfin sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepsea_sole" title="Deepsea sole">Deepsea sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dusky_sole" title="Dusky sole">Dusky sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_sole" title="English sole">English sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flathead_sole" title="Flathead sole">Flathead sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_sole" title="Lemon sole">Lemon sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sole" title="New Zealand sole">New Zealand sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_rock_sole" title="Northern rock sole">Northern rock sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_sand_sole" title="Pacific sand sole">Pacific sand sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrale_sole" title="Petrale sole">Petrale sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_sole" title="Rex sole">Rex sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_sole" title="Rock sole">Rock sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roughscale_sole" title="Roughscale sole">Roughscale sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slender_sole" title="Slender sole">Slender sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_lemon_sole" title="Southern lemon sole">Southern lemon sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speckled_sole" title="Speckled sole">Speckled sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowfin_sole" title="Yellowfin sole">Yellowfin sole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Other<br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">flounder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Bothidae" title="Bothidae">Lefteye</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(158 species)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crested_flounder" title="Crested flounder">Crested flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowery_flounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowery flounder">Flowery flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_flounder" title="Leopard flounder">Leopard flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_fish" title="Plate fish">Plate fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_scaldfish" title="Mediterranean scaldfish">Mediterranean scaldfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twospot_flounder" title="Twospot flounder">Twospot flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_(lefteye_flounder)" title="Witch (lefteye flounder)">Witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bothidae" title="Category:Bothidae">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Pleuronectidae" title="Pleuronectidae">Righteye</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(101 species)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_smooth_flounder" title="American smooth flounder">American smooth flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_flounder" title="Arctic flounder">Arctic flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrowtooth_flounder" title="Arrowtooth flounder">Arrowtooth flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded-fin_flounder" title="Banded-fin flounder">Banded-fin flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barfin_flounder" title="Barfin flounder">Barfin flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_flounder" title="Black flounder">Black flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfin_flounder" title="Blackfin flounder">Blackfin flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_flounder" title="Bering flounder">Bering flounder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleisthenes_herzensteini" title="Cleisthenes herzensteini">Cleisthenes herzensteini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleisthenes_pinetorum" title="Cleisthenes pinetorum">Cleisthenes pinetorum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comb_flounder" title="Comb flounder">Comb flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cresthead_flounder" title="Cresthead flounder">Cresthead flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_flounder" title="Derwent flounder">Derwent flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_flounder" title="European flounder">European flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_smooth_flounder" title="Far Eastern smooth flounder">Far Eastern smooth flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flathead_flounder" title="Flathead flounder">Flathead flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenback_flounder" title="Greenback flounder">Greenback flounder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypsopsetta_macrocephala" title="Hypsopsetta macrocephala">Hypsopsetta macrocephala</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_ocellated_flounder" title="Indonesian ocellated flounder">Indonesian ocellated flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_flounder" title="Kamchatka flounder">Kamchatka flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large-scale_righteye_flounder" title="Large-scale righteye flounder">Large-scale righteye flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_flounder" title="Marbled flounder">Marbled flounder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marleyella_maldivensis" title="Marleyella maldivensis">Marleyella maldivensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microstomus_shuntovi" title="Microstomus shuntovi">Microstomus shuntovi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-body_righteye_flounder" title="Narrow-body righteye flounder">Narrow-body righteye flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhombosolea_plebeia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhombosolea plebeia">New Zealand flounder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peltorhamphus_tenuis" title="Peltorhamphus tenuis">Peltorhamphus tenuis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppered_flounder" title="Peppered flounder">Peppered flounder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudopleuronectes_obscurus" title="Pseudopleuronectes obscurus">Pseudopleuronectes obscurus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remo_flounder" title="Remo flounder">Remo flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridged-eye_flounder" title="Ridged-eye flounder">Ridged-eye flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_sole" title="Sakhalin sole">Sakhalin sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slime_flounder" title="Slime flounder">Slime flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-mouth_righteye_flounder" title="Small-mouth righteye flounder">Small-mouth righteye flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speckled_flounder" title="Speckled flounder">Speckled flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starry_flounder" title="Starry flounder">Starry flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_flounder" title="Stone flounder">Stone flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willowy_flounder" title="Willowy flounder">Willowy flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_flounder" title="Winter flounder">Winter flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_(righteye_flounder)" title="Witch (righteye flounder)">Witch (righteye)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_striped_flounder" title="Yellow striped flounder">Yellow striped flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowbelly_flounder" title="Yellowbelly flounder">Yellowbelly flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowtail_flounder" title="Yellowtail flounder">Yellowtail flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pleuronectidae" title="Category:Pleuronectidae">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Paralichthyidae" title="Paralichthyidae">Large tooth</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(115 species)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglefin_whiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglefin whiff">Anglefin whiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigmouth_sanddab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bigmouth sanddab">Bigmouth sanddab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_halibut" title="California halibut">California halibut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cephalopsetta_ventrocellatus" title="Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus">Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_flounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine flounder">Fine flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-eyed_flounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Five-eyed flounder">Five-eyed flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-rayed_sanddab" class="mw-redirect" title="Five-rayed sanddab">Five-rayed sanddab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippoglossina_oblonga" title="Hippoglossina oblonga">Fourspot flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_flounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray flounder">Gray flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_sanddab" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf sanddab">Gulf sanddab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_whiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Horned whiff">Horned whiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfin_sanddab" class="mw-redirect" title="Longfin sanddab">Longfin sanddab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimic_sanddab" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimic sanddab">Mimic sanddab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_flounder" title="Olive flounder">Olive flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_sanddab" title="Pacific sanddab">Pacific sanddab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacock_flounder" title="Peacock flounder">Peacock flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_whiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand whiff">Sand whiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_flounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrimp flounder">Shrimp flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_sanddab" class="mw-redirect" title="Small sanddab">Small sanddab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speckled_sanddab" class="mw-redirect" title="Speckled sanddab">Speckled sanddab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotfin_flounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Spotfin flounder">Spotfin flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancylopsetta_dilecta" title="Ancylopsetta dilecta">Three-eye flounder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thysanopsetta_naresi" class="mw-redirect" title="Thysanopsetta naresi">Thysanopsetta naresi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veracruz_whiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Veracruz whiff">Veracruz whiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paralichthyidae" title="Category:Paralichthyidae">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Achiropsettidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Achiropsettidae">Southern</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(6 species)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_armless_flounder" title="Antarctic armless flounder">Antarctic armless flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armless_flounder" title="Armless flounder">Armless flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finless_flounder" title="Finless flounder">Finless flounder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paralichthys_lethostigma" title="Paralichthys lethostigma">Paralichthys lethostigma</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_flounder" title="Southern flounder">Southern flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Achiropsettidae" title="Category:Achiropsettidae">More...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citharidae" title="Citharidae">Citharidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaridae" title="Samaridae">Samaridae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Misc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_dab" title="Common dab">Common dab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_brill" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese brill">Chinese brill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepwater_dab" title="Deepwater dab">Deepwater dab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhead_dab" title="Longhead dab">Longhead dab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_brill" title="New Zealand brill">New Zealand brill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale-eye_plaice" title="Scale-eye plaice">Scale-eye plaice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_flounder" title="Summer flounder">Fluke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal fish</a></li> <li>Transitional fossils <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphistium" title="Amphistium">Amphistium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronectes" title="Heteronectes">Heteronectes</a></li></ul></li> <li>As food <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sole_meuni%C3%A8re" title="Sole meunière">Sole meunière</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbot_War" title="Turbot War">Turbot War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Predator_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator fish">Predator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billfish" title="Billfish">billfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonito" title="Bonito">bonito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy" title="Anchovy">anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhaden" title="Menhaden">menhaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprat" title="Sprat">sprat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">flatfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock" title="Pollock">pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Batoidea">ray</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Template talk:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial_fish_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commercial fish topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Principal_commercial_fishery_species_groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Principal commercial <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fishery</a> species groups</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">Large pelagic fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel" title="Mackerel">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">Tuna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albacore" title="Albacore">albacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigeye_tuna" title="Bigeye tuna">bigeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_bluefin_tuna" title="Atlantic bluefin tuna">Atlantic bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_bluefin_tuna" title="Pacific bluefin tuna">Pacific bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_bluefin_tuna" title="Southern bluefin tuna">southern bluefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skipjack_tuna" title="Skipjack tuna">skipjack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellowfin_tuna" title="Yellowfin tuna">yellowfin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">Forage fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy" title="Anchovy">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capelin" title="Capelin">Capelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhaden" title="Menhaden">Menhaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprat" title="Sprat">Sprat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_sprat" title="European sprat">european</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">Demersal fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">Cod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_cod" title="Pacific cod">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock" title="Alaska pollock">Alaska pollock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">Flatfish</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaice" title="Plaice">plaice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbot" title="Turbot">turbot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullet_(fish)" title="Mullet (fish)">Mullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock" title="Pollock">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastes" title="Sebastes">Rockfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillaginidae" title="Sillaginidae">Smelt-whitings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Toothfish">Toothfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_fish" title="Freshwater fish">Freshwater fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon" title="Sturgeon">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild fish">Other wild fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eel" title="Eel">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitebait" title="Whitebait">Whitebait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_fish" title="Category:Commercial fish">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">Crustaceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill" title="Krill">Krill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prawn" title="Prawn">Prawns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_crustaceans" title="Category:Commercial crustaceans">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">Molluscs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_molluscs" title="Category:Commercial molluscs">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">Echinoderms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumber" title="Sea cucumber">Sea cucumbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_echinoderms" title="Category:Commercial echinoderms">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fisheries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crab fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krill_fishery" title="Krill fishery">Krill fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobster fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_fishery" title="Shrimp fishery">Shrimp fishery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_cod.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Atlantic cod"><img alt="Atlantic cod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/140px-Atlantic_cod.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/210px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/280px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="255" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lobster_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lobster"><img alt="Lobster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/100px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/150px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lobster_%28PSF%29.png/200px-Lobster_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2821" data-file-height="1748" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pacific oysters"><img alt="Pacific oysters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/80px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/120px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pacific_oysters_01.jpg/160px-Pacific_oysters_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1282" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Farmed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Aquaculture" title="Carp">Carp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bighead_carp" title="Bighead carp">bighead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carp" title="Common carp">common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucian_carp" title="Crucian carp">crucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_carp" title="Grass carp">grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_carp" title="Silver carp">silver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_prawn_farming" title="Freshwater prawn farming">Freshwater prawns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilt-head_bream" title="Gilt-head bream">Gilt-head bream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#Aquaculture" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture of salmon">Salmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_salmon" title="Atlantic salmon">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">salmon trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coho_salmon" title="Coho salmon">coho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinook_salmon" title="Chinook salmon">chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop_aquaculture" title="Scallop aquaculture">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_shrimp_farming" title="Marine shrimp farming">Shrimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_fish_production" class="mw-redirect" title="World fish production">World fish production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commercially_important_fish_species" title="List of commercially important fish species">Commercial species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fishing_topics_by_subject" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fishing topics by subject">Fishing topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_glossary" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries glossary">Fisheries glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flounder&oldid=1257691746">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flounder&oldid=1257691746</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_fish" title="Category:Commercial fish">Commercial fish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pleuronectoidei" title="Category:Pleuronectoidei">Pleuronectoidei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fish_common_names" title="Category:Fish common 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