ADW: Sassacus papenhoei: INFORMATION

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>ADW: Sassacus papenhoei: INFORMATION</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Sassacus_papenhoei/" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-migrate-3.3.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/compat.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://animaldiversity.org/favicon.ico" /> <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Gentium+Book+Basic:400,400italic,700,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Sans:400,700,400italic,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/pica.styles.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/pica.print.css" media="print" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/colorbox/colorbox.css" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Sassacus_papenhoei/" /> <meta content="Sassacus papenhoei" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="Animal Diversity Web" property="og:site_name" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AnimalDiversity" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Sassacus papenhoei" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Read about Sassacus papenhoei on the Animal Diversity Web." /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Sassacus_papenhoei/" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/Hyphenator.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/social-likes/social-likes_birman.css" /> <style> .social-likes { margin: 0; } .social-likes__widget { margin: 0; } </style>   </head> <body> <div id="outerwrap"> <div id="header" aria-role="header"> <h1> <a id="homelink" href="/">Animal Diversity Web</a> </h1> <div class="umlinks"> <div class="relative"> <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/ummz/" id="ummzlink">University of Michigan Museum of Zoology</a> <a href="https://www.umich.edu/" id="umlink">University of Michigan</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wrap" class="gradient"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span2 sidebar left"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs nav-stacked" id="sitemap"> <li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/">About Us</a> </li> <li> <a href="/animal_names/">About Animal Names</a> </li> <li> <a href="/teach/">Educational Resources</a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections/">Special Collections</a> </li> <li> <a href="/glossary/">Glossary</a> </li> <li> <a href="/accounts/Animalia/">Browse Animalia</a> </li> </ul> <h2 class="offscreen">More Information</h2> <div class="well"> <h3>Additional Information</h3> <ul class="unstyled"> <li> <a href="http://eol.org/search/?q=Sassacus papenhoei&search=Go">Encyclopedia of Life</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="span7_5 blahblahblah main" aria-role="main"> <h2 class="rank-species">Sassacus papenhoei</h2> <div class="social-likes" data-counters="no"> <div class="facebook" title="Share link on Facebook">Facebook</div> <div class="twitter" title="Share link on Twitter">Twitter</div> </div> <div class="byline">By Samantha Foltz</div> <nav class="contents"> <ul> <li> <a href="#geographic_range">Geographic Range</a> </li> <li> <a href="#habitat">Habitat</a> </li> <li> <a href="#physical_description">Physical Description</a> </li> <li> <a href="#development">Development</a> </li> <li> <a href="#reproduction">Reproduction</a> </li> <li> <a href="#lifespan_longevity">Lifespan/Longevity</a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <a href="#behavior">Behavior</a> </li> <li> <a href="#communication">Communication and Perception</a> </li> <li> <a href="#food_habits">Food Habits</a> </li> <li> <a href="#predation">Predation</a> </li> <li> <a href="#ecosystem_roles">Ecosystem Roles</a> </li> <li> <a href="#economic_importance_positive">Economic Importance for Humans: Positive</a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <a href="#economic_importance_negative">Economic Importance for Humans: Negative</a> </li> <li> <a href="#conservation_status">Conservation Status</a> </li> <li> <a href="#contributors">Contributors</a> </li> <li> <a href="#references">References</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="inner-wrap"> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="geographic_range">Geographic Range</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span rank="Species" class="taxon-name rank-species">Sassacus papenhoei's</span> range is in the Nearctic region, its most northern population is in Minnesota, but it ranges as far south as Mexico. It has populations in both the eastern and western United States. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#3907D323-C497-11E7-9640-A820662394EA" class="citation">Eliott, et al., 2017</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Biogeographic Regions</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020914235803">nearctic</a> <ul> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145365">native</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="habitat">Habitat</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Sassacus papenhoei</span> can live in desert brush, alfalfa, cotton, upland prairie, and in meadows. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#07002D78-C499-11E7-957E-A820662394EA" class="citation">Richman, 2008</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate "> <li class="keywords-header">Habitat Regions</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145595">temperate</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate "> <li class="keywords-header">Terrestrial Biomes</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145599::20020904145583::20020904145682">savanna or grassland</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145505">chaparral</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145677">scrub forest</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Other Habitat Features</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145700">agricultural</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="physical_description">Physical Description</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Sassacus papenhoei</span> is 5mm long, has a stout body with short legs, eight eyes, and is black with a greenish or purplish iridescent shine. It's first pair of legs is noticeably larger than it's other pairs of legs. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#32D096DE-C498-11E7-973E-A820662394EA" class="citation">Ehmann, 2017</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate "> <li class="keywords-header">Other Physical Features</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020916131519">ectothermic</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145642">bilateral symmetry</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Sexual Dimorphism</li> <li> <span>sexes alike</span> </li> </ul> <ul class="aside block-grid donthyphenate one-up"> <li> <dl> <dt>Range length</dt> <dd>3 to 7 mm</dd> <dd class="english">0.12 to 0.28 in</dd> </dl> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="development">Development</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate">After hatching from an egg during summer, young <span class="taxon-link">jumping spiders</span> may disperse through a process called ballooning where they jump into the air and use a small silk line as drag. They immediately begin caring for themselves after hatching and in a similar species juvenile spiders do not mature until spring of the next year. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#3FAFF791-D572-11E7-9298-A820662394EA" class="citation">Cranshaw, 2010</a>)</span></p> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="reproduction">Reproduction</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Sassacus papenhoei</span> creates a small silk tent under rocks or in plants that it uses to lay its eggs in at the beginning of the summer. When the eggs hatch the young spiders disperse and the mother may produce more egg sacs throughout the summer. In similar species of jumping spider mating occurs in the spring after all of the juveniles have fully matured. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#3907D323-C497-11E7-9640-A820662394EA" class="citation">Eliott, et al., 2017</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Mating System</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145483">polygynandrous (promiscuous)</a> </li> </ul> <p audience="advanced intermediate">Similar jumping spider species breed in the spring. The number of offspring per egg sac is unknown. Females generally lay their egg sac in early summer and will continue to lay eggs throughout the summer. Juvenile spiders are fully mature by next spring. Hatched spiders are independent of their mother immediately. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#32D096DE-C498-11E7-973E-A820662394EA" class="citation">Ehmann, 2017</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Key Reproductive Features</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145554">iteroparous</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145584">seasonal breeding</a> </li> <li> <span>gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate)</span> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145786">sexual</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145572">oviparous</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145424">delayed fertilization</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="aside block-grid donthyphenate three-up"> <li> <dl> <dt>Breeding interval</dt> <dd>Jumping spiders either breed in the spring or in the fall</dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt>Breeding season</dt> <dd>4 weeks</dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt>Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)</dt> <dd>3 to 5 months</dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt>Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)</dt> <dd>8 to 10 months</dd> </dl> </li> </ul> <p audience="advanced intermediate">There is very little parental investment post-hatch within the <span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Sassacus papenhoei</span> species. Eggs are laid within a silken tent made by the female which provides some protection before they are hatched. The female also stays with the eggs until they hatch to protect them. Upon hatching young spiders are immediately independent and disperse. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#3FAFF791-D572-11E7-9298-A820662394EA" class="citation">Cranshaw, 2010</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Parental Investment</li> <li> <span>no parental involvement</span> </li> <li> <span>pre-fertilization</span> <ul> <li> <span>protecting</span> <ul> <li> <span>female</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <span>pre-hatching/birth</span> <ul> <li> <span>protecting</span> <ul> <li> <span>female</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="lifespan_longevity">Lifespan/Longevity</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate">Not much is known about <span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Sassacus papenhoei</span> as far as lifespan is concerned, but in similar species a one year life span is typical. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#3FAFF791-D572-11E7-9298-A820662394EA" class="citation">Cranshaw, 2010</a>)</span></p> <ul class="aside block-grid donthyphenate one-up"> <li> <dl> <dt>Typical lifespan<br /><span>Status: wild</span></dt> <dd>11 to 13 months</dd> </dl> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="behavior">Behavior</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Sassacus papenhoei</span> is a solitary species. It stocks its prey instead of catching it in a web. When it sees something threatening it may actually approach and investigate it instead of running and hiding. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#3FAFF791-D572-11E7-9298-A820662394EA" class="citation">Cranshaw, 2010</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Key Behaviors</li> <li> <span>terricolous</span> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020914193813">saltatorial</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145414">diurnal</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145472">motile</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145585">sedentary</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145403">hibernation</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145381">solitary</a> </li> </ul> <h4>Home Range</h4> <p audience="advanced intermediate">The range or territory size is unknown. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#07002D78-C499-11E7-957E-A820662394EA" class="citation">Richman, 2008</a>)</span></p> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="communication">Communication and Perception</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Sassacus papenhoei</span> has some of the best vision of all of the arachnid classification. They can see some colors along with a little bit of ultraviolet light. They use this vision to stalk prey and identify mates. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#3FAFF791-D572-11E7-9298-A820662394EA" class="citation">Cranshaw, 2010</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate "> <li class="keywords-header">Communication Channels</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145694">visual</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Perception Channels</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145694">visual</a> </li> <li> <span>ultraviolet</span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="food_habits">Food Habits</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Sassacus papenhoei</span> feeds primarily on smaller insects, however they will eat other spiders that are smaller and will also steal kills from other spider's webs. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#3FAFF791-D572-11E7-9298-A820662394EA" class="citation">Cranshaw, 2010</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate "> <li class="keywords-header">Primary Diet</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145419">carnivore</a> <ul> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145711">insectivore</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Animal Foods</li> <li> <span>insects</span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="predation">Predation</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate">The color pattern adopted by the species mimics beetles which is a prey species, this may help it when hunting. When presented with a predator this species may try and scare the predator away by jumping towards it and waving its front legs. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#3FAFF791-D572-11E7-9298-A820662394EA" class="citation">Cranshaw, 2010</a>)</span></p> <ul class="aside block-grid donthyphenate one-up"> <li> <dl> <dt>Known Predators</dt> <dd> <ul> <li>birds (<a class="taxon-link rank-class" href="/accounts/Aves/">Aves</a>)</li> <li>other spiders (<a class="taxon-link rank-order" href="/accounts/Araneae/">Araneae</a>)</li> <li>wasps (<a class="taxon-link rank-order" href="/accounts/Hymenoptera/">Hymenoptera</a>)</li> <li>praying mantis (<a class="taxon-link rank-species" href="/accounts/Mantis_religiosa/">Mantis religiosa</a>)</li> <li>ants (<a class="taxon-link rank-family" href="/accounts/Formicidae/">Formicidae</a>)</li> <li>small reptiles (<a class="taxon-link rank-order" href="/accounts/Squamata/">Squamata</a>)</li> <li>small amphibians (<a class="taxon-link rank-class" href="/accounts/Amphibia/">Amphibia</a>)</li> </ul> </dd> </dl> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="ecosystem_roles">Ecosystem Roles</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Sassacus papenhoei</span> is a predator of other small insects and is prey for larger predators. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#3907D323-C497-11E7-9640-A820662394EA" class="citation">Eliott, et al., 2017</a>)</span></p> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="economic_importance_positive">Economic Importance for Humans: Positive</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate">There are no known benefits besides that of education and knowledge. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#3907D323-C497-11E7-9640-A820662394EA" class="citation">Eliott, et al., 2017</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Positive Impacts</li> <li> <span>research and education</span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="economic_importance_negative">Economic Importance for Humans: Negative</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate">There are no known costs involved with this species as it does not often inhabit homes and is non-venomous. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#07002D78-C499-11E7-957E-A820662394EA" class="citation">Richman, 2008</a>)</span></p> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="conservation_status">Conservation Status</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Sassacus papenhoei</span> has a wide range across the United States and is not endangered overall, however, it is endangered in its most northern population in Minnesota. Controlled burns are more meticulously planned than before in an attempt to conserve the species. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#32D096DE-C498-11E7-973E-A820662394EA" class="citation">Ehmann, 2017</a>)</span></p> <ul class="aside block-grid donthyphenate three-up"> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">IUCN Red List</a> </dt> <dd> <span>Not Evaluated</span> </dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/">US Federal List</a> </dt> <dd> <span>No special status</span> </dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php">CITES</a> </dt> <dd> <span>No special status</span> </dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://mnfi.anr.msu.edu/data/specialanimals.cfm">State of Michigan List</a> </dt> <dd> <span>No special status</span> </dd> </dl> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="contributors">Contributors</h3> <p>Samantha Foltz (author), Minnesota State University Mankato, Robert Sorensen (editor), Minnesota State University, Mankato, Tanya Dewey (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. </p> </section> <section class="offscreen"> <h3 id="glossary">Glossary</h3> <div id="20020914235803"> <dl> <dt>Nearctic</dt> <dd> <p>living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New World. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico.</p> <p align="center"> <img alt="World Map" src="/images/worldmap.2001.jpg" /> </p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145700"> <dl> <dt>agricultural</dt> <dd> <p>living in landscapes dominated by human agriculture.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145642"> <dl> <dt>bilateral symmetry</dt> <dd> <p>having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145419"> <dl> <dt>carnivore</dt> <dd> <p>an animal that mainly eats meat</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145505"> <dl> <dt>chaparral</dt> <dd> <p>Found in coastal areas between 30 and 40 degrees latitude, in areas with a Mediterranean climate. Vegetation is dominated by stands of dense, spiny shrubs with tough (hard or waxy) evergreen leaves. May be maintained by periodic fire. In South America it includes the scrub ecotone between forest and paramo.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145424"> <dl> <dt>delayed fertilization</dt> <dd> <p>a substantial delay (longer than the minimum time required for sperm to travel to the egg) takes place between copulation and fertilization, used to describe female sperm storage.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145414"> <dl> <dt>diurnal</dt> <dd> <ol class="arabic simple"> <li>active during the day, 2. lasting for one day.</li> </ol> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020916131519"> <dl> <dt>ectothermic</dt> <dd> <p>animals which must use heat acquired from the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145403"> <dl> <dt>hibernation</dt> <dd> <p>the state that some animals enter during winter in which normal physiological processes are significantly reduced, thus lowering the animal's energy requirements. The act or condition of passing winter in a torpid or resting state, typically involving the abandonment of homoiothermy in mammals.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145711"> <dl> <dt>insectivore</dt> <dd> <p>An animal that eats mainly insects or spiders.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145554"> <dl> <dt>iteroparous</dt> <dd> <p>offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes).</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145472"> <dl> <dt>motile</dt> <dd> <p>having the capacity to move from one place to another.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145365"> <dl> <dt>native range</dt> <dd> <p>the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145572"> <dl> <dt>oviparous</dt> <dd> <p>reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145483"> <dl> <dt>polygynandrous</dt> <dd> <p>the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males, each of which also pairs with several different females.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020914193813"> <dl> <dt>saltatorial</dt> <dd> <p>specialized for leaping or bounding locomotion; jumps or hops.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145677"> <dl> <dt>scrub forest</dt> <dd> <p>scrub forests develop in areas that experience dry seasons.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145584"> <dl> <dt>seasonal breeding</dt> <dd> <p>breeding is confined to a particular season</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145585"> <dl> <dt>sedentary</dt> <dd> <p>remains in the same area</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145786"> <dl> <dt>sexual</dt> <dd> <p>reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145381"> <dl> <dt>solitary</dt> <dd> <p>lives alone</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145595"> <dl> <dt>temperate</dt> <dd> <p>that region of the Earth between 23.5 degrees North and 60 degrees North (between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle) and between 23.5 degrees South and 60 degrees South (between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle).</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145599::20020904145583::20020904145682"> <dl> <dt>tropical savanna and grassland</dt> <dd> <p>A terrestrial biome. Savannas are grasslands with scattered individual trees that do not form a closed canopy. Extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical Africa and South America, and in Australia.</p> </dd> <dt>savanna</dt> <dd> <p>A grassland with scattered trees or scattered clumps of trees, a type of community intermediate between grassland and forest. See also Tropical savanna and grassland biome.</p> </dd> <dt>temperate grassland</dt> <dd> <p>A terrestrial biome found in temperate latitudes (>23.5掳 N or S latitude). Vegetation is made up mostly of grasses, the height and species diversity of which depend largely on the amount of moisture available. Fire and grazing are important in the long-term maintenance of grasslands.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145694"> <dl> <dt>visual</dt> <dd> <p>uses sight to communicate</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="references">References</h3> <p id="3FAFF791-D572-11E7-9298-A820662394EA">Cranshaw, W. 2010. "Colorado Insects of Interest: Jumping Spider" (On-line). wiki.bugwood.org. Accessed November 29, 2017 at <tt><a href="https://wiki.bugwood.org/HPIPM:Jumping_Spider">https://wiki.bugwood.org/HPIPM:Jumping_Spider</a></tt>. </p> <p id="32D096DE-C498-11E7-973E-A820662394EA">Ehmann, W. 2017. "Sassacus Papenhoei" (On-line). dnr.state.mn.us. Accessed November 08, 2017 at <tt><a href="http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/rsg/profile.html?action=elementDetail&selectedElement=ILARA93010">http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/rsg/profile.html?action=elementDetail&selectedElement=ILARA93010</a></tt>. </p> <p id="3907D323-C497-11E7-9640-A820662394EA">Eliott, L., M. Quinn, C. Pfeiffer. 2017. "Species Sassacus Papenhoei" (On-line). bugguide.net. Accessed November 08, 2017 at <tt><a href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/22942">https://bugguide.net/node/view/22942</a></tt>. </p> <p id="07002D78-C499-11E7-957E-A820662394EA">Richman, D. 2008. Revision of the jumping spider genus sassacus (Aranea, Salticidae, Dendryphantinae) in North America. <span style="font-style: italic">Journal of Arachnology</span>, 36(1): 26-48. Accessed November 08, 2017 at <tt><a href="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1636/H07-03.1">http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1636/H07-03.1</a></tt>. </p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="span2_5 right sidebar"> <div class="well" id="pocket-guide-link"> <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/adw-pocket-guide/id916179421?mt=8" target="_blank"><i class="icon-download icon-white" style="vertical-align: bottom"></i> ADW Pocket Guides on the iOS App Store! </a> <p>The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides!</p> <p> <a href="/news/5009059054038197651/">Read more...</a> </p> </div> <h2 class="offscreen">Search</h2> <div id="site-search"> <form action="/search" method="GET"> <label for="q" class="offscreen">Enter search text</label> <input value="" id="q" name="q" class="span12" size="15" type="text" placeholder="Search ADW" /> <button class="btn"> <i class="icon-zoom-in"></i> <span class="offscreen">Search</span> </button> <p style="max-height: 35px"> <label 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ADW: Sassacus papenhoei: INFORMATION