CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Modern Greek Enlightenment - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"02e3e598-c627-464f-84cf-fc5b02142e59","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Modern_Greek_Enlightenment","wgTitle":"Modern Greek Enlightenment","wgCurRevisionId":1252733218,"wgRevisionId":1252733218,"wgArticleId":16474487,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia introduction cleanup from September 2024","All pages needing cleanup","Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from September 2024","All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify","Articles containing Greek-language text","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing Hebrew-language text", "Articles containing Latin-language text","Modern Greek Enlightenment","Age of Enlightenment","Enlightenment philosophy","Politics of the Greek War of Independence"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Modern_Greek_Enlightenment","wgRelevantArticleId":16474487,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3424747","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Hermes_the_scholar.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1895"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Hermes_the_scholar.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1263"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1011"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Modern Greek Enlightenment - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Modern_Greek_Enlightenment rootpage-Modern_Greek_Enlightenment skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Modern+Greek+Enlightenment" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Modern+Greek+Enlightenment" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Modern+Greek+Enlightenment" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Modern+Greek+Enlightenment" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Role_of_the_Phanariotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_the_Phanariotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Role of the Phanariotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_the_Phanariotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people_and_societies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people_and_societies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable people and societies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people_and_societies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Modern Greek Enlightenment</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="تنوير يوناني حديث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تنوير يوناني حديث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Новогръцко просвещение – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Новогръцко просвещение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%86%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Νεοελληνικός Διαφωτισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νεοελληνικός Διαφωτισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilustraci%C3%B3n_griega" title="Ilustración griega – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ilustración griega" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greka_Klerismo" title="Greka Klerismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Greka Klerismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_culturelle_grecque" title="Renaissance culturelle grecque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Renaissance culturelle grecque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuovo_illuminismo_greco" title="Nuovo illuminismo greco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuovo illuminismo greco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Новогреческое Просвещение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новогреческое Просвещение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Yunan_Ayd%C4%B1nlanmas%C4%B1" title="Modern Yunan Aydınlanması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Modern Yunan Aydınlanması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Новогрецьке Просвітництво – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Новогрецьке Просвітництво" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3424747#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&oldid=1252733218" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&id=1252733218&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FModern_Greek_Enlightenment"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FModern_Greek_Enlightenment"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3424747" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">18th-century national revival and educational movement in Greece</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Lead_too_long plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-lead_too_long" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> may be too long</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please read the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">length guidelines</a> and help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit">move details into the article's body</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermes_the_scholar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hermes_the_scholar.jpg/150px-Hermes_the_scholar.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Hermes_the_scholar.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Hermes_o_Logios" title="Hermes o Logios">Hermes o Logios</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> literary magazine of the 18th and 19th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Modern Greek Enlightenment</b> (also known as the <b>Neo-Hellenic Enlightenment</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Διαφωτισμός</span>, <i>Diafotismós</i> / <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Νεοελληνικός Διαφωτισμός</span></span>, <i>Neoellinikós Diafotismós</i>) was the Greek expression of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a>, characterized by an intellectual and philosophical movement within the Greek community. At this time, many Greeks were dispersed across the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, with some residing on the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Islands</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, and other parts of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leonardos_Philaras" title="Leonardos Philaras">Leonardos Philaras</a>, one of the early advocates for Greek independence, played a significant role before the movement truly gained momentum following his death. </p><p>Throughout the Ottoman Empire, Greeks frequently participated in uprisings. Many Greeks living in Venice fought for the Venetian Empire against the Ottomans. Notable Greek painters in Venice who took part in these conflicts included <a href="/wiki/Victor_(painter)" title="Victor (painter)">Victor (painter)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philotheos_Skoufos" title="Philotheos Skoufos">Philotheos Skoufos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Doxaras" title="Panagiotis Doxaras">Panagiotis Doxaras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeake2021443_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeake2021443-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatzidakis1987191_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatzidakis1987191-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Modern Greek Enlightenment, Greek painting underwent a significant transformation. The traditional Byzantine-Venetian style, which had been dominant in the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan School</a>, began to wane in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Ionian_school_(painting)" title="Ionian school (painting)">Heptanese School</a>'s new approach. Painters like Doxaras pioneered this shift, moving away from the egg tempera technique and embracing oil painting, thus revolutionizing Greek art.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeake202164,_190,_198,_242,_335,_406_478,_480,_481,_547,_548,_630–631,_649,_683,_692–694,_718,_736,_766–767,_779,_796,_865_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeake202164,_190,_198,_242,_335,_406_478,_480,_481,_547,_548,_630–631,_649,_683,_692–694,_718,_736,_766–767,_779,_796,_865-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrakopoulou2010272–274_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrakopoulou2010272–274-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitromilides20131–60_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKitromilides20131–60-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERicksBeaton20161–16_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicksBeaton20161–16-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPizanias2020124–174_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPizanias2020124–174-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The educational center for the Greek community was Italy where many of the priests were educated and the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Rum_Millet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rum Millet">Rum Millet</a> was controlled by Orthodox Christian priests. The education of the Greek community was subjugated by a strict observance of <a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Corydalleus#Korydalism_or_Corydalism" title="Theophilos Corydalleus">Korydalism</a> which was taught by priests and sanctioned by the Catholic and Orthodox churches. Korydalism was created by <a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Corydalleus" title="Theophilos Corydalleus">Theophilos Corydalleus</a> and it followed Aristotle and Plato's secular philosophical teachings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeake2021405–406_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeake2021405–406-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A central figure in the schism from Korydalism was <a href="/wiki/Methodios_Anthrakites" title="Methodios Anthrakites">Methodios Anthrakites</a> who fought to introduce updated European philosophical thought to Greek education. He was persecuted in Constantinople by the church fathers and a debate ensued among Greek scholars during the later part of the 18th century to change education. Nonetheless, Greek priest and astronomer <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthus_of_Jerusalem" title="Chrysanthus of Jerusalem">Chrysanthus of Jerusalem</a> had an active relationship with <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Cassini" title="Giovanni Domenico Cassini">Giovanni Domenico Cassini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlested2012161–162_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlested2012161–162-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGuckin2011364–365_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGuckin2011364–365-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael2006321–322_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael2006321–322-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American War of Independence</a> sent shockwaves throughout the world and most people demanded liberty or death. Between the date of American independence and the dawn of the Greek War of Independence roughly <a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_of_independence" title="List of wars of independence">eleven countries</a> fought for independence beginning with the French War of Independence and eventually <i>The <a href="/wiki/Pamphlet_of_Rigas_Feraios" title="Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios">Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios</a></i> was published in 1797. The pamphlet was an instrument to awaken Greek national consciousness which led to the Greek War of Independence. Another important pamphlet was <i><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Nomarchy" title="Hellenic Nomarchy">Hellenic Nomarchy</a></i> published in 1806 and advocated the ideals of freedom, social justice, and social equality for the Greek people. By 1814, the <a href="/wiki/Filiki_Eteria" title="Filiki Eteria">Filiki Eteria (Society of Friends)</a> formed in Odessa, whose purpose was to overthrow the Ottoman rule of Greece and establish an independent Greek State. Another society called the <a href="/wiki/Philomuse_Society" title="Philomuse Society">Philomuse Society </a> was formed with the aim of educating the Greeks and promoting philhellenism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeake20211264_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeake20211264-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eventually, the Greek community fought in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> for roughly nine years. By the 1830s, the enlightenment struggle continued and the Greek community established a state that was still overshadowed by Orthodox ecclesiastical aristocracy. Orthodox priest <a href="/wiki/Neophytos_Vamvas" title="Neophytos Vamvas">Neophytos Vamvas</a> was the dean of the scientific and philosophical school of Athens. Eventually for the proliferation of the people a secular state was preferred and <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Greece" title="Otto of Greece">Otto of Greece</a> was elected King. Greek academics studied in Germany and France and a German educational system was implemented in Greece. The major new architecture of Athens was Neoclassical in nature and was a defining characteristic of the Greek Enlightenment and Greek painters represented the <a href="/wiki/Munich_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Munich School">Munich School</a>. The Enlightenment movement continued with news of continued Greek oppression among the Greek community living in the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavaidou201050_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESavaidou201050-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStefanidou195262-66_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStefanidou195262-66-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_Women_of_Souli_Running_to_Their_Death_(Dance_of_Zalongo).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Greek_Women_of_Souli_Running_to_Their_Death_%28Dance_of_Zalongo%29.png/250px-Greek_Women_of_Souli_Running_to_Their_Death_%28Dance_of_Zalongo%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Greek_Women_of_Souli_Running_to_Their_Death_%28Dance_of_Zalongo%29.png/375px-Greek_Women_of_Souli_Running_to_Their_Death_%28Dance_of_Zalongo%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Greek_Women_of_Souli_Running_to_Their_Death_%28Dance_of_Zalongo%29.png/500px-Greek_Women_of_Souli_Running_to_Their_Death_%28Dance_of_Zalongo%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="2168" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Greek_Women_of_Souli_Running_to_Their_Death" title="Greek Women of Souli Running to Their Death">Greek Women of Souli Running to Their Death</a> (Dance of Zalongo)</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Regrettably, slavery still overshadowed the Greek people living in the empire. The Greek slave movement began in the United States with <a href="/wiki/Garafilia_Mohalbi" title="Garafilia Mohalbi">Garafilia Mohalbi</a> and people learned about the horrors of Greek slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Powers" title="Hiram Powers">Hiram Powers</a> sculpted <i><a href="/wiki/The_Greek_Slave" title="The Greek Slave">The Greek Slave</a></i> statue which was exhibited all over the world. The <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_of_Zalongo" title="Dance of Zalongo">Dance of Zalongo</a></i> also became a popular movement in art during the Greek Enlightenment and reminded people of the mass suicide of roughly 60 women and children from a cliff in <a href="/wiki/Zalongo" title="Zalongo">Zalongo</a> in 1803 to avoid capture, enslavement, rape and lifelong torture by Ottoman forces during the <a href="/wiki/Souliote_War_(1803)#Zalongo_incident" title="Souliote War (1803)">Souliote War (1803)</a>. The Ottomans implemented the <a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a> reforms to slow nationalistic sentiment but Greek oppression continued until they were fully liberated and wars ensued for over 100 years. Rhodes, together with the other islands of the Dodecanese, were united with Greece in February 1947. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman Greece</a></div> <p>The Greek Enlightenment was given impetus by the Greek predominance in trade and education in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. This allowed Greek <a href="/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant">merchants</a> to finance a large number of young Greeks to study in universities in <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance Italy">Italy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">German states</a>. There, they were introduced to the ideas of the Enlightenment and the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BritannicaA_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritannicaA-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the wealth of the extensive <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> merchant class that provided the material basis for the intellectual revival that was the prominent feature of Greek life in the half century and more leading to 1821. It was not by chance that on the eve of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> the epicenters of Greek learning, i.e. schools-cum-universities, were situated in <a href="/wiki/Ioannina" title="Ioannina">Ioannina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a> (Izmir) and <a href="/wiki/Ayval%C4%B1k" title="Ayvalık">Ayvalık</a> (Kydonies), were also Greek commercial centers.<sup id="cite_ref-BritannicaB_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritannicaB-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_of_the_Phanariotes">Role of the Phanariotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Role of the Phanariotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Phanariotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phanariotes">Phanariotes</a> were a small caste of Greek families who took their collective name from the <a href="/wiki/Phanar" class="mw-redirect" title="Phanar">Phanar</a> quarter of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> where the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate">Ecumenical Patriarchate</a> is still housed. They held various administrative posts within the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, the most important of which were those of <a href="/wiki/Hospodar" title="Hospodar">hospodar</a>, or prince, of the <a href="/wiki/Danubian_principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Danubian principalities">Danubian principalities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>. Most hospodars acted as patrons of Greek culture, education, and printing. These academies attracted teachers and pupils from throughout the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> commonwealth, and there was some contact with intellectual trends in <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> central Europe. For the most part they supported the Ottoman system of government, too much to play a significant part in the emergence of the Greek national movement; however, their support of learning produced many highly educated Greek scholars who benefited from the cosmopolitan environment the Phanariotes cultivated in their principalities.<sup id="cite_ref-BritannicaC_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritannicaC-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This environment was in general a special attraction for young, ambitious and educated Greek people from the Ottoman Empire, contributing to their national enlightenment. The Princely Academies of <a href="/wiki/Princely_Academy_of_Bucharest" title="Princely Academy of Bucharest">Bucharest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princely_Academy_of_Ia%C5%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely Academy of Iaşi">Iasi</a> also played a crucial role in this movement. Characteristically the authors of the <i><a href="/wiki/Geographia_Neoteriki" title="Geographia Neoteriki">Geographia Neoteriki</a></i>, one of the most remarkable works of that era, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Philippidis" title="Daniel Philippidis">Daniel Philippidis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grigorios_Konstantas" title="Grigorios Konstantas">Grigorios Konstantas</a>, were both educated in this environment.<sup id="cite_ref-Kopecek_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kopecek-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One effect was the creation of an <a href="/wiki/Attic_Greek" title="Attic Greek">atticized</a> form of Greek by linguistic purists, which was adopted as the official <a href="/wiki/State_language" class="mw-redirect" title="State language">language of the state</a> and came to be known as <i><a href="/wiki/Katharevousa" title="Katharevousa">Katharevousa</a></i> (purified). This created <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a> in the Greek linguistic sphere, in which <i>Katharevousa</i> and the vernacular idiom known as <a href="/wiki/Demotic_Greek" title="Demotic Greek"><i>Dimotiki</i></a> were in conflict until the latter half of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-BritannicaA_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BritannicaA-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The transmission of Enlightenment ideas into Greek thought also influenced the development of a national consciousness. The publication of the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Hermes_o_Logios" title="Hermes o Logios">Hermes o Logios</a></i> encouraged the ideas of the Enlightenment. The journal's objective was to advance Greek science, philosophy and culture. Two of the main figures of the Greek Enlightenment, <a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Adamantios Korais</a>, encouraged Greek nationalists to pursue contemporary political thought.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Greek Enlightenment concerned not only language and the <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> but also the <a href="/wiki/Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences">sciences</a>. Some scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Methodios_Anthrakites" title="Methodios Anthrakites">Methodios Anthrakites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evgenios_Voulgaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Evgenios Voulgaris">Evgenios Voulgaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Psalidas" title="Athanasios Psalidas">Athanasios Psalidas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balanos_Vasilopoulos" title="Balanos Vasilopoulos">Balanos Vasilopoulos</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaos_Darbaris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaos Darbaris (page does not exist)">Nikolaos Darbaris</a> had a background in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Physical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Sciences">Physical Sciences</a> and published scientific books into Greek for use in Greek schools. <a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a> also published an Anthology of Physics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art">Art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Greek Enlightenment also included the art of the <a href="/wiki/Heptanese_School_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heptanese School (painting)">Heptanese School</a>. Notable artists of the Greek Enlightenment in art include: <a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Doxaras" title="Panagiotis Doxaras">Panagiotis Doxaras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Doxaras" title="Nikolaos Doxaras">Nikolaos Doxaras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kantounis" title="Nikolaos Kantounis">Nikolaos Kantounis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Koutouzis" title="Nikolaos Koutouzis">Nikolaos Koutouzis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerasimos_Pitsamanos" title="Gerasimos Pitsamanos">Gerasimos Pitsamanos</a>. Greek art began to diverge from the traditional <a href="/wiki/Italo-Byzantine" title="Italo-Byzantine">Maniera Greca</a> drastically migrating to the Venetian <a href="/wiki/Venetian_painting" title="Venetian painting">Maniera Italiana</a>. The art began to exhibit its own style. Greek painting eras include the Greek Rocco, Greek Neoclassicism and Greek Romanticism. The movements carried Greek artists into the era of Modern Greek Art. Most historians refer to this period as the <b>Neo Hellenikos Diafotismos</b> in painting. </p><p>There were many artists associated with the era that were not from the Ionian Islands. These artists were in different parts of the Ottoman Empire or Venetian Empire. Some artists were active in the Cyclades such <a href="/wiki/Christodoulos_Kalergis" title="Christodoulos Kalergis">Christodoulos Kalergis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Skordilis" title="Emmanuel Skordilis">Emmanuel Skordilis</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioannis_Koronaros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioannis Koronaros (page does not exist)">Ioannis Koronaros</a> migrated from Crete to Egypt and finally settled in Cyprus. Although the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretan School">Cretan Renaissance</a> ended, there were still few active workshops on the island. Many of these artists belonged to the <b>Neo Hellinkos Diafotismos</b>. </p><p>The Modern Greek Enlightenment in Art did not only belong to the Heptanese School but all of the Greek communities or the so-called ancestors of Ancient Greek Civilization. This group lived throughout what is now considered modern Greece. There were also countless Greek artists active in Constantinople, now called Istanbul. Research is constantly underway by the <a href="/wiki/National_Hellenic_Research_Foundation" title="National Hellenic Research Foundation">Neohellenic Institute</a>, hundreds of Greek painters and other artists have been cataloged from the 15th century until the Greek War of Independence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people_and_societies">Notable people and societies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable people and societies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rigas_Feraios_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rigas Feraios"><img alt="Rigas Feraios" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rigas_Feraios_01.jpg/100px-Rigas_Feraios_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rigas_Feraios_01.jpg/150px-Rigas_Feraios_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Rigas_Feraios_01.jpg/200px-Rigas_Feraios_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TheophilosKairis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Theophilos Kairis"><img alt="Theophilos Kairis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/TheophilosKairis.jpg/106px-TheophilosKairis.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/TheophilosKairis.jpg/159px-TheophilosKairis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/TheophilosKairis.jpg/212px-TheophilosKairis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="453" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Kairis" title="Theophilos Kairis">Theophilos Kairis</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adamantios_Korais.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adamantios Korais"><img alt="Adamantios Korais" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Adamantios_Korais.jpg/88px-Adamantios_Korais.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Adamantios_Korais.jpg/133px-Adamantios_Korais.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Adamantios_Korais.jpg/177px-Adamantios_Korais.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Adamantios Korais</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsokos_-_Theoklitos_Farmakidis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Theoklitos Farmakidis"><img alt="Theoklitos Farmakidis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tsokos_-_Theoklitos_Farmakidis.jpg/94px-Tsokos_-_Theoklitos_Farmakidis.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tsokos_-_Theoklitos_Farmakidis.jpg/142px-Tsokos_-_Theoklitos_Farmakidis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Tsokos_-_Theoklitos_Farmakidis.jpg/189px-Tsokos_-_Theoklitos_Farmakidis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Theoklitos_Farmakidis" title="Theoklitos Farmakidis">Theoklitos Farmakidis</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Voulgaris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugenios Voulgaris"><img alt="Eugenios Voulgaris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Voulgaris.jpg/86px-Voulgaris.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Voulgaris.jpg/129px-Voulgaris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Voulgaris.jpg/171px-Voulgaris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eugenios_Voulgaris" title="Eugenios Voulgaris">Eugenios Voulgaris</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CF%85%CF%80%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greek Language Dictionary (1835 edition) by Anthimos Gazis"><img alt="Greek Language Dictionary (1835 edition) by Anthimos Gazis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CF%85%CF%80%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AE.jpg/96px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CF%85%CF%80%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AE.jpg/144px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%AD%CE%BD_%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD_%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CF%85%CF%80%CF%8C_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AE.jpg/193px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2588" data-file-height="3224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Greek Language Dictionary (1835 edition) by <a href="/wiki/Anthimos_Gazis" title="Anthimos Gazis">Anthimos Gazis</a></div> </li> </ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neophytos_Doukas" title="Neophytos Doukas">Neophytos Doukas</a> (1760–1845), a scholar and prolific writer, who wrote about 70 books and rendered many ancient texts into <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek" title="Modern Greek">Modern Greek</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a>, Greek emigre to <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. He was an admirer of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and hoped to transplant its humanistic ideas to the Greek world. He imagined a pan-Balkan uprising against the Ottomans.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Adamantios Korais</a>, witness of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, Korais took his primary intellectual inspiration from the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>, and he borrowed ideas copiously from the philosophers <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Kairis" title="Theophilos Kairis">Theophilos Kairis</a>, influenced by the <a href="/wiki/French_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="French Enlightenment">French Enlightenment</a> and critical to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>. He founded a pietistic revivalist movement, known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theosebism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theosebism (page does not exist)">Theosebism</a>, inspired by the French revolutionary cults, radical Protestantism and deism which was <a href="/wiki/Anathema" title="Anathema">anathematised</a> by the Synod of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>. He had a very different vision for the independent Greece, one that was based upon the concept of separation of church and state.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoklitos_Farmakidis" title="Theoklitos Farmakidis">Theoklitos Farmakidis</a>, inspired by the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, strongly pro-West and critical to the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filomousos_Eteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Filomousos Eteria">Filomousos Eteria</a>, the name of two (Athens and Vienna) philological and philhellene organizations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filiki_Eteria" title="Filiki Eteria">Filiki Eteria</a>, the <i>Society of Friends</i> in Greek, was a <a href="/wiki/Secret_society" title="Secret society">secret society</a> working in the early 19th century, whose purpose was to overthrow <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> rule and to establish an independent Greek state founded on the humanist ideals of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>. Many young <a href="/wiki/Phanariot" class="mw-redirect" title="Phanariot">Phanariot</a> Greeks were among its members.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="French Enlightenment">French Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Psalidas" title="Athanasios Psalidas">Athanasios Psalidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytos_Vamvas" title="Neophytos Vamvas">Neophytos Vamvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellinoglosso_Xenodocheio" title="Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio">Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Modern Greek Enlightenment">Modern Greek Enlightenment</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patiniotis M. (2015) "Neo-Hellenic Enlightenment: In Search of a European Identity," in Arabatzis T., Renn J., Simões A. (eds), <i>Relocating the History of Science. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science</i>, vol 312. Springer, Cham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14553-2_9">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14553-2_9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeake2021443-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeake2021443_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeake2021">Speake 2021</a>, p. 443.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatzidakis1987191-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatzidakis1987191_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatzidakis1987">Hatzidakis 1987</a>, p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeake202164,_190,_198,_242,_335,_406_478,_480,_481,_547,_548,_630–631,_649,_683,_692–694,_718,_736,_766–767,_779,_796,_865-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeake202164,_190,_198,_242,_335,_406_478,_480,_481,_547,_548,_630–631,_649,_683,_692–694,_718,_736,_766–767,_779,_796,_865_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeake2021">Speake 2021</a>, pp. 64, 190, 198, 242, 335, 406 478, 480, 481, 547, 548, 630–631, 649, 683, 692–694, 718, 736, 766–767, 779, 796, 865.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrakopoulou2010272–274-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrakopoulou2010272–274_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDrakopoulou2010">Drakopoulou 2010</a>, pp. 272–274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKitromilides20131–60-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitromilides20131–60_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKitromilides2013">Kitromilides 2013</a>, pp. 1–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERicksBeaton20161–16-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERicksBeaton20161–16_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRicksBeaton2016">Ricks & Beaton 2016</a>, pp. 1–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPizanias2020124–174-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPizanias2020124–174_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPizanias2020">Pizanias 2020</a>, pp. 124–174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeake2021405–406-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeake2021405–406_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeake2021">Speake 2021</a>, pp. 405–406.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlested2012161–162-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlested2012161–162_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlested2012">Plested 2012</a>, pp. 161–162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGuckin2011364–365-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGuckin2011364–365_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcGuckin2011">McGuckin 2011</a>, pp. 364–365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael2006321–322-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael2006321–322_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael2006">Israel 2006</a>, pp. 321–322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeake20211264-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeake20211264_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeake2021">Speake 2021</a>, p. 1264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESavaidou201050-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESavaidou201050_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSavaidou2010">Savaidou 2010</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStefanidou195262-66-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStefanidou195262-66_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStefanidou1952">Stefanidou 1952</a>, p. 62-66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStaff_Writers1829" class="citation news cs1">Staff Writers (September 8, 1829). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.demetrimusic.com/archive/slave.pdf">"The Slave Market at Constantinople"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Vermont Gazette Volume 20 No 39 September 8, 1829 Page 1</i>. Genealogy Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240306215243/https://www.demetrimusic.com/archive/slave.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vermont+Gazette+Volume+20+No+39+September+8%2C+1829+Page+1&rft.atitle=The+Slave+Market+at+Constantinople&rft.date=1829-09-08&rft.au=Staff+Writers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.demetrimusic.com%2Farchive%2Fslave.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemetrios_Constantinos_Andrianis2022" class="citation web cs1">Demetrios Constantinos Andrianis (October 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://demetrimusic.com/worldhistories.org/greekslaves.html">"Greek Slave Movement"</a>. Worldhistories.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20240327114355/https://demetrimusic.com/worldhistories.org/greekslaves.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greek+Slave+Movement&rft.pub=Worldhistories.org&rft.date=2022-10-21&rft.au=Demetrios+Constantinos+Andrianis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemetrimusic.com%2Fworldhistories.org%2Fgreekslaves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BritannicaA-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BritannicaA_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BritannicaA_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica, <i>Greek history, Intellectual Revival</i>, 2008 ed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BritannicaB-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BritannicaB_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica, <i>Greek history, The mercantile middle class</i>, 2008 ed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BritannicaC-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BritannicaC_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica, <i>Greek history, Transformation toward emancipation, The Phanariotes</i>, 2008 ed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kopecek-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kopecek_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKopeček2006" class="citation book cs1">Kopeček, Michal (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k5Vsjg508EYC&pg=PA74"><i>Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): texts and commentaries</i></a>. Central European University Press. pp. 73–79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-52-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-963-7326-52-3"><bdi>978-963-7326-52-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discourses+of+collective+identity+in+Central+and+Southeast+Europe+%281770%E2%80%931945%29%3A+texts+and+commentaries&rft.pages=73-79&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-963-7326-52-3&rft.aulast=Kope%C4%8Dek&rft.aufirst=Michal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk5Vsjg508EYC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSussexJohn_Christopher1985" class="citation book cs1">Sussex, Roland; John Christopher, Eade (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eQZpAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Daniil+Philippidis+and+Grigorios+Konstantas+in+their+New+Geography+of+1791%2C+one+of+the+most+remarkable+works+of+the+%27Neo-Hellenic+Enlightenment%27%2C+%22"><i>Culture and nationalism in nineteenth-century Eastern Europe</i></a>. Slavica Publishers. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89357-146-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89357-146-7"><bdi>978-0-89357-146-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+nationalism+in+nineteenth-century+Eastern+Europe&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Slavica+Publishers&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-89357-146-7&rft.aulast=Sussex&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft.au=John+Christopher%2C+Eade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeQZpAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Daniil%2BPhilippidis%2Band%2BGrigorios%2BKonstantas%2Bin%2Btheir%2BNew%2BGeography%2Bof%2B1791%252C%2Bone%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bmost%2Bremarkable%2Bworks%2Bof%2Bthe%2B%2527Neo-Hellenic%2BEnlightenment%2527%252C%2B%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Kitromilides1979" class="citation book cs1">M. Kitromilides, Paschalis (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022180353/http://triceratops.brynmawr.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10066/5243/Kitromilides_6_4.pdf;jsessionid=D85E79913BFF8FCAF6D4228BE8B3CEAC?sequence=1"><i>The Dialectic of Intolerance: Ideological Dimensions of Ethnic Conflict</i></a>. Journal of the Hellnice Diaspora. p. 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://triceratops.brynmawr.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10066/5243/Kitromilides_6_4.pdf;jsessionid=D85E79913BFF8FCAF6D4228BE8B3CEAC?sequence=1">the original</a> on 2013-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dialectic+of+Intolerance%3A+Ideological+Dimensions+of+Ethnic+Conflict&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Journal+of+the+Hellnice+Diaspora&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=M.+Kitromilides&rft.aufirst=Paschalis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftriceratops.brynmawr.edu%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10066%2F5243%2FKitromilides_6_4.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3DD85E79913BFF8FCAF6D4228BE8B3CEAC%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeake2021" class="citation book cs1">Speake, Graham (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ockEAAAQBAJ&q=enlightment"><i>Modern Greek Enlightenment Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition</i></a>. London And New York: Rutledge Taylor & Francis Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135942069" title="Special:BookSources/9781135942069"><bdi>9781135942069</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Greek+Enlightenment+Encyclopedia+of+Greece+and+the+Hellenic+Tradition&rft.place=London+And+New+York&rft.pub=Rutledge+Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781135942069&rft.aulast=Speake&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ockEAAAQBAJ%26q%3Denlightment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKitromilides2013" class="citation book cs1">Kitromilides, Paschalis M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oTCwAQAAQBAJ"><i>Enlightenment and Revolution The Making of Modern Greece</i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674727663" title="Special:BookSources/9780674727663"><bdi>9780674727663</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enlightenment+and+Revolution+The+Making+of+Modern+Greece&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780674727663&rft.aulast=Kitromilides&rft.aufirst=Paschalis+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoTCwAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicksBeaton2016" class="citation book cs1">Ricks, David; Beaton, Roderick (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9-qqCwAAQBAJ&q=modern+greek+enlightenment"><i>The Making of Modern Greece Nationalism, Romanticism, and the Uses of the Past (1797–1896)</i></a>. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317024736" title="Special:BookSources/9781317024736"><bdi>9781317024736</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Modern+Greece+Nationalism%2C+Romanticism%2C+and+the+Uses+of+the+Past+%281797%E2%80%931896%29&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781317024736&rft.aulast=Ricks&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Beaton%2C+Roderick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9-qqCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmodern%2Bgreek%2Benlightenment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPizanias2020" class="citation book cs1">Pizanias, Petros T. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WN0LEAAAQBAJ"><i>The Making of the Modern Greeks 1400-1820</i></a>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781527562486" title="Special:BookSources/9781527562486"><bdi>9781527562486</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Modern+Greeks+1400-1820&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781527562486&rft.aulast=Pizanias&rft.aufirst=Petros+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWN0LEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatzidakis1987" class="citation book cs1">Hatzidakis, Manolis (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10442/14844"><i>Έλληνες Ζωγράφοι μετά την Άλωση (1450-1830). Τόμος 1: Αβέρκιος - Ιωσήφ</i></a> [<i>Greek Painters after the Fall of Constantinople (1450-1830). Volume 1: Averkios - Iosif</i>]. Athens: Center for Modern Greek Studies, National Research Foundation. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10442%2F14844">10442/14844</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-7916-01-8" title="Special:BookSources/960-7916-01-8"><bdi>960-7916-01-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%88%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82+%CE%96%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%B9+%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%86%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7+%281450-1830%29.+%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+1%3A+%CE%91%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82+-+%CE%99%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AE%CF%86&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Center+for+Modern+Greek+Studies%2C+National+Research+Foundation&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10442%2F14844&rft.isbn=960-7916-01-8&rft.aulast=Hatzidakis&rft.aufirst=Manolis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10442%2F14844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatzidakisDrakopoulou1997" class="citation book cs1">Hatzidakis, Manolis; Drakopoulou, Evgenia (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10442/14088"><i>Έλληνες Ζωγράφοι μετά την Άλωση (1450-1830). Τόμος 2: Καβαλλάρος - Ψαθόπουλος</i></a> [<i>Greek Painters after the Fall of Constantinople (1450-1830). Volume 2: Kavallaros - Psathopoulos</i>]. Athens: Center for Modern Greek Studies, National Research Foundation. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10442%2F14088">10442/14088</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-7916-00-X" title="Special:BookSources/960-7916-00-X"><bdi>960-7916-00-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%88%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82+%CE%96%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%B9+%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%86%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7+%281450-1830%29.+%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+2%3A+%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82+-+%CE%A8%CE%B1%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Center+for+Modern+Greek+Studies%2C+National+Research+Foundation&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10442%2F14088&rft.isbn=960-7916-00-X&rft.aulast=Hatzidakis&rft.aufirst=Manolis&rft.au=Drakopoulou%2C+Evgenia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10442%2F14088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrakopoulou2010" class="citation book cs1">Drakopoulou, Evgenia (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://helios-eie.ekt.gr/EIE/handle/10442/14845"><i>Έλληνες Ζωγράφοι μετά την Άλωση (1450–1830). Τόμος 3: Αβέρκιος - Ιωσήφ</i></a> [<i>Greek Painters after the Fall of Constantinople (1450–1830). Volume 3: Averkios - Joseph</i>]. Athens, Greece: Center for Modern Greek Studies, National Research Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-7916-94-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-960-7916-94-5"><bdi>978-960-7916-94-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%88%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82+%CE%96%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%B9+%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%86%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7+%281450%E2%80%931830%29.+%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82+3%3A+%CE%91%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82+-+%CE%99%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AE%CF%86&rft.place=Athens%2C+Greece&rft.pub=Center+for+Modern+Greek+Studies%2C+National+Research+Foundation&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-960-7916-94-5&rft.aulast=Drakopoulou&rft.aufirst=Evgenia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelios-eie.ekt.gr%2FEIE%2Fhandle%2F10442%2F14845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsrael2006" class="citation book cs1">Israel, Jonathan I. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GvETDAAAQBAJ&dq=Methodios+Anthrakites&pg=PA321"><i>Enlightenment Contested Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man 1670-1752</i></a>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199279227" title="Special:BookSources/9780199279227"><bdi>9780199279227</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enlightenment+Contested+Philosophy%2C+Modernity%2C+and+the+Emancipation+of+Man+1670-1752&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780199279227&rft.aulast=Israel&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGvETDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DMethodios%2BAnthrakites%26pg%3DPA321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuckin2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McGuckin, John Anthony, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wqUTAgAAQBAJ&dq=Methodios+Anthrakites&pg=PA549">"Philosophy"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity</i>. A-M. Vol. 1. West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-75933-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-75933-2"><bdi>978-1-118-75933-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philosophy&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Eastern+Orthodox+Christianity&rft.place=West+Sussex%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.series=A-M&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-118-75933-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwqUTAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3DMethodios%2BAnthrakites%26pg%3DPA549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlested2012" class="citation book cs1">Plested, Marcus (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GxldqSwahYcC&dq=Methodios+Anthrakites+quietism&pg=PA161"><i>Orthodox Readings of Aquinas</i></a>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199650651" title="Special:BookSources/9780199650651"><bdi>9780199650651</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orthodox+Readings+of+Aquinas&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780199650651&rft.aulast=Plested&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGxldqSwahYcC%26dq%3DMethodios%2BAnthrakites%2Bquietism%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefanidou1952" class="citation book cs1">Stefanidou, Micheal K. (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jupiter.chem.uoa.gr/pchem/lab/Istoria_FMS-B.pdf"><i>Εθνικόν και Καποδιστριακόν Πανεπιστήμιον Αθηνών Εκατονταετηρίς 1837-1937 Ιστορία της Φυσικομαθηματικής Σχολής</i></a> [<i>National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Centenary 1837-1937 </i>History of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics<i><span></span></i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Athens, Greece: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD+%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82+1837-1937+%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE%CF%82&rft.place=Athens%2C+Greece&rft.pub=National+and+Kapodistrian+University+of+Athens&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Stefanidou&rft.aufirst=Micheal+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjupiter.chem.uoa.gr%2Fpchem%2Flab%2FIstoria_FMS-B.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavaidou2010" class="citation book cs1">Savaidou, Irini Mergoupi (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hs.phs.uoa.gr/images/diatrives/39.pdf"><i>Δημόσιος Λόγος περί Επιστήμης στην Ελλάδα, 1870–1900: Εκλαϊκευτικά Εγχειρήματα στο Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, στους Πολιτιστικούς Συλλόγους και στα Περιοδικά</i></a> [<i>Public Discourse about Science in Greece, 1870-1900: Population Projects at the University of Athens, in Cultural Associations and Magazines</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Athens, GR: Department of History and Philosophy of Science of the University of Athens. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20240313192502/http://hs.phs.uoa.gr/images/diatrives/39.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%9B%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82+%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF+%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%82+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1%2C+1870%E2%80%931900%3A+%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC+%CE%95%CE%B3%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF+%CE%91%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CF%8E%CE%BD%2C+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82+%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82+%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1+%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC.&rft.place=Athens%2C+GR&rft.pub=Department+of+History+and+Philosophy+of+Science+of+the+University+of+Athens&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Savaidou&rft.aufirst=Irini+Mergoupi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhs.phs.uoa.gr%2Fimages%2Fdiatrives%2F39.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AModern+Greek+Enlightenment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dimitris Michalopoulos, "Aristotle vs Plato. The Balkans' Paradoxical Enlightenment", <i>Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy (BJSEP)</i>, 1 (2007), pp. 7–15. ISSN 1313-1958.</li> <li>Anna Tabaki, "Enlightenment", <i>Encyclopedia of Greece and the Hellenic Tradition</i>, Editor <a href="/wiki/Graham_Speake" title="Graham Speake">Graham Speake</a>, Volume vol.1 A-K, Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, London-Chicago, 2000, pp. 547–551.</li> <li>Anna Tabaki, "Greece", <i>Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment</i>, Alan Charles Kors Editor in Chief, Volume 2, Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 157–160.</li> <li>Anna Tabaki,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.academia.edu/2025102/Neo-hellenic_Enlightenment._An_introduction(online)">[1]</a></li> <li>Anna Tabaki, "Les Lumières néo-helléniques. Un essai de définition et de périodisation", <i>The Enlightenment in Europe, Les Lumières en Europe, Aufklärung in Europa. Unity and Diversity, Unité et Diversité, Einheit und Vielfalt</i>. Edited by /édité par / hrsg. von Werner Schneiders avec l’introduction générale de Roland Mortier, [European Science Foundation] Concepts et Symboles du Dix-huitième Siècle Européen, Concepts and Symbols of the Eighteenth Century in Europe, BWV • Berliner Wissenschafts - Verlag, 2003, pp. 45–56.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Template:Modern Greek Enlightenment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Template talk:Modern Greek Enlightenment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern Greek Enlightenment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Modern Greek Enlightenment</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westernization" title="Westernization">Westernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language_question" title="Greek language question">Greek language</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermes_the_scholar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cover of Hermes o Logios"><img alt="Cover of Hermes o Logios" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hermes_the_scholar.jpg/75px-Hermes_the_scholar.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hermes_the_scholar.jpg/113px-Hermes_the_scholar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hermes_the_scholar.jpg/150px-Hermes_the_scholar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asma_Polemistirion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asma Polemistirion (page does not exist)">Asma Polemistirion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salpisma_Polemistirion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salpisma Polemistirion (page does not exist)">Salpisma Polemistirion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adelphiki_Didaskalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adelphiki Didaskalia (page does not exist)">Adelphiki Didaskalia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geographia_Neoteriki" title="Geographia Neoteriki">Geographia Neoteriki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Nomarchy" title="Hellenic Nomarchy">Hellenic Nomarchy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hellenic_Library_(Korais)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hellenic Library (Korais) (page does not exist)">Hellenic Library</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ephimeris" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephimeris">Ephimeris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calliope_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calliope (newspaper) (page does not exist)">Calliope</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Ρωσσαγγλογάλλος">Rossaglogallos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermes_o_Logios" title="Hermes o Logios">Hermes o Logios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politika_Parallela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politika Parallela (page does not exist)">Politika Parallela</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thourios_or_Patriotic_hymn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thourios or Patriotic hymn (page does not exist)">Thourios or Patriotic hymn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pamphlet_of_Rigas_Feraios" title="Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios">Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A1%CE%AE%CE%B3%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="el:Χάρτα του Ρήγα">Map of Greece</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Map_of_Wallachia_and_part_of_Transylvania" title="New Map of Wallachia and part of Transylvania">New Map of Wallachia and part of Transylvania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Real_Bliss_(Psalidas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Real Bliss (Psalidas) (page does not exist)">Real Bliss</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Map_of_Moldavia" title="General Map of Moldavia">General Map of Moldavia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnostike,_Stoicheia_Philosophias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnostike, Stoicheia Philosophias (page does not exist)">Gnostike, Stoicheia Philosophias</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman Empire</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Athonite_Academy" title="Athonite Academy">Athonite Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_School_of_Smyrna" title="Evangelical School of Smyrna">Evangelical School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaplaneios_School" title="Kaplaneios School">Kaplaneios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroutsaia_School" title="Maroutsaia School">Maroutsaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Academy_(Moscopole)" title="New Academy (Moscopole)">New Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanar_Greek_Orthodox_College" title="Phanar Greek Orthodox College">Phanar Greek Orthodox College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrontisterion_of_Trapezous" title="Phrontisterion of Trapezous">Phrontisterion of Trapezous</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Greek_Diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Diaspora">Diaspora</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Flanginian_School" title="Flanginian School">Flanginian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_Academy_of_Bucharest" title="Princely Academy of Bucharest">Princely Academy of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_Academy_of_Ia%C8%99i" title="Princely Academy of Iași">Princely Academy of Iași</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methodios_Anthrakites" title="Methodios Anthrakites">Methodios Anthrakites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmas_Balanos" title="Kosmas Balanos">Kosmas Balanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Christopoulos" title="Athanasios Christopoulos">Athanasios Christopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytos_Doukas" title="Neophytos Doukas">Neophytos Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vikentios_Damodos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vikentios Damodos (page does not exist)">Vikentios Damodos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoklitos_Farmakidis" title="Theoklitos Farmakidis">Theoklitos Farmakidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimos_Gazis" title="Anthimos Gazis">Anthimos Gazis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Gennadios" title="Georgios Gennadios">Georgios Gennadios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Kairis" title="Theophilos Kairis">Theophilos Kairis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Kavalliotis" title="Theodore Kavalliotis">Theodore Kavalliotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorios_Konstantas" title="Grigorios Konstantas">Grigorios Konstantas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Adamantios Korais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Koumas" title="Konstantinos Koumas">Konstantinos Koumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Kanellos" title="Stefanos Kanellos">Stefanos Kanellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastos_Leontiadis" title="Sevastos Leontiadis">Sevastos Leontiadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_of_Lesbos" title="Benjamin of Lesbos">Benjamin of Lesbos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iosipos_Moisiodax" title="Iosipos Moisiodax">Iosipos Moisiodax</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minas_Minoidis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minas Minoidis (page does not exist)">Minas Minoidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Michail" title="Konstantinos Michail">Konstantinos Michail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Nikolopoulos_(composer)" title="Konstantinos Nikolopoulos (composer)">Konstantinos Nikolopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michail_Papageorgiou" title="Michail Papageorgiou">Michail Papageorgiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christodoulos_Pablekis" title="Christodoulos Pablekis">Christodoulos Pablekis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Philippidis" title="Daniel Philippidis">Daniel Philippidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Psalidas" title="Athanasios Psalidas">Athanasios Psalidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoklitos_Polyeidis" title="Theoklitos Polyeidis">Theoklitos Polyeidis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasios_Stageiritis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanasios Stageiritis (page does not exist)">Athanasios Stageiritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Tzechanis" title="Konstantinos Tzechanis">Konstantinos Tzechanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophytos_Vamvas" title="Neophytos Vamvas">Neophytos Vamvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Vilaras" title="Ioannis Vilaras">Ioannis Vilaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenios_Voulgaris" title="Eugenios Voulgaris">Eugenios Voulgaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philomuse_Society" title="Philomuse Society">Philomuse Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filiki_Eteria" title="Filiki Eteria">Filiki Eteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Academy" title="Ionian Academy">Ionian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orphanage_of_Kairis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orphanage of Kairis (page does not exist)">Orphanage of Kairis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscopole_printing_house" title="Moscopole printing house">Moscopole printing house</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Age_of_Enlightenment" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Template:Age of Enlightenment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Template talk:Age of Enlightenment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Age of Enlightenment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Age_of_Enlightenment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheism_during_the_Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Atheism during the Age of Enlightenment">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Enlightenment" title="Counter-Enlightenment">Counter-Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">Critical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empiricism" title="Empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9distes" title="Encyclopédistes">Encyclopédistes</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightened_absolutism" title="Enlightened absolutism">Enlightened absolutism</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8res" title="Lumières">Lumières</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_doubt" title="Cartesian doubt">Methodological skepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_Enlightenment" title="Midlands Enlightenment">Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">Natural philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivity_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Objectivity (philosophy)">Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationality" title="Rationality">Rationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reason" title="Reason">Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reductionism" title="Reductionism">Reductionism</a></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Sapere_aude" title="Sapere aude">Sapere aude</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Science in the Age of Enlightenment">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_Enlightenment" title="Spanish American Enlightenment">Spanish America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universality_(philosophy)" title="Universality (philosophy)">Universality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopianism">Utopianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Thinkers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Thinkers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Addison" title="Joseph Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_3rd_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury">Ashley-Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Collins_(philosopher)" title="Anthony Collins (philosopher)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Gibbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harrington_(author)" title="James Harrington (author)">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Price" title="Richard Price">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Priestley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_Sidney" title="Algernon Sidney">Sidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tindal" title="Matthew Tindal">Tindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">d'Alembert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Louis_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy_d%27Argenson" class="mw-redirect" title="René Louis de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson">d'Argenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Bayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Chamfort" title="Nicolas Chamfort">Chamfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89milie_du_Ch%C3%A2telet" title="Émilie du Châtelet">Châtelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac" title="Étienne Bonnot de Condillac">Condillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Le_Bovier_de_Fontenelle" title="Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle">Fontenelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympe_de_Gouges" title="Olympe de Gouges">Gouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Adrien_Helv%C3%A9tius" title="Claude Adrien Helvétius">Helvétius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_d%27Holbach" title="Baron d'Holbach">d'Holbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Jaucourt" title="Louis de Jaucourt">Jaucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Offray_de_La_Mettrie" title="Julien Offray de La Mettrie">La Mettrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Lavoisier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc,_Comte_de_Buffon" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon">Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bonnot_de_Mably" title="Gabriel Bonnot de Mably">Mably</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Sylvain Maréchal">Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Meslier" title="Jean Meslier">Meslier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Gabriel_Morelly" title="Étienne-Gabriel Morelly">Morelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Quesnay" title="François Quesnay">Quesnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Thomas_Fran%C3%A7ois_Raynal" title="Guillaume Thomas François Raynal">Raynal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot">Turgot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geneva</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firmin_Abauzit" title="Firmin Abauzit">Abauzit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bonnet" title="Charles Bonnet">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Burlamaqui" title="Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui">Burlamaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pr%C3%A9vost_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Prévost (physicist)">Prévost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure" title="Horace Bénédict de Saussure">Saussure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Christoph_Lichtenberg" title="Georg Christoph Lichtenberg">Lichtenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Mendelssohn" title="Moses Mendelssohn">Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_von_Pufendorf" title="Samuel von Pufendorf">Pufendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Thomasius" title="Christian Thomasius">Thomasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Weishaupt" title="Adam Weishaupt">Weishaupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Martin_Wieland" title="Christoph Martin Wieland">Wieland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Wolff_(philosopher)" title="Christian Wolff (philosopher)">Wolff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theoklitos_Farmakidis" title="Theoklitos Farmakidis">Farmakidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Kairis" title="Theophilos Kairis">Kairis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Korais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Toland" title="John Toland">Toland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Enlightenment" title="Italian Enlightenment">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Beccaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Galiani" title="Ferdinando Galiani">Galiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Galvani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Genovesi" title="Antonio Genovesi">Genovesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Mario_Pagano" title="Francesco Mario Pagano">Pagano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Verri" title="Pietro Verri">Verri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Bekker" title="Balthasar Bekker">Bekker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_de_la_Court" title="Pieter de la Court">de la Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Grotius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriaan_Koerbagh" title="Adriaan Koerbagh">Koerbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek" title="Antonie van Leeuwenhoek">Leeuwenhoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Mandeville" title="Bernard Mandeville">Mandeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodewijk_Meyer" title="Lodewijk Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Nieuwentyt" title="Bernard Nieuwentyt">Nieuwentyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Swammerdam" title="Jan Swammerdam">Swammerdam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlightenment in Poland">Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ko%C5%82%C5%82%C4%85taj" title="Hugo Kołłątaj">Kołłątaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Konarski" title="Stanisław Konarski">Konarski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Krasicki" title="Ignacy Krasicki">Krasicki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Ursyn_Niemcewicz" title="Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz">Niemcewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski" title="Stanisław August Poniatowski">Poniatowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%99drzej_%C5%9Aniadecki" title="Jędrzej Śniadecki">Śniadecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Staszic" title="Stanisław Staszic">Staszic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Wybicki" title="Józef Wybicki">Wybicki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo,_1st_Marquis_of_Pombal" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal">Carvalho e Melo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Budai-Deleanu" title="Ion Budai-Deleanu">Budai-Deleanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Maior" title="Petru Maior">Maior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuil_Micu-Klein" title="Samuil Micu-Klein">Micu-Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_%C8%98incai" title="Gheorghe Șincai">Șincai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Enlightenment" title="Russian Enlightenment">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Fonvizin" title="Denis Fonvizin">Fonvizin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_Kantemir" title="Antiochus Kantemir">Kantemir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kheraskov" title="Mikhail Kheraskov">Kheraskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lomonosov" title="Mikhail Lomonosov">Lomonosov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Novikov" title="Nikolay Novikov">Novikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Radishchev" title="Alexander Radishchev">Radishchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekaterina_Vorontsova-Dashkova" title="Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova">Vorontsova-Dashkova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serbia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dositej_Obradovi%C4%87" title="Dositej Obradović">Obradović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avram_Mrazovi%C4%87" title="Avram Mrazović">Mrazović</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Cadalso" title="José Cadalso">Cadalso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Jer%C3%B3nimo_Feij%C3%B3o_y_Montenegro" title="Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro">Feijóo y Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leandro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Morat%C3%ADn" title="Leandro Fernández de Moratín">Moratín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Melchor_de_Jovellanos" title="Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos">Jovellanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Torres_Villarroel" title="Diego de Torres Villarroel">Villarroel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Beattie_(poet)" title="James Beattie (poet)">Beattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Black" title="Joseph Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Blair" title="Hugh Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Boswell" title="James Boswell">Boswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnett,_Lord_Monboddo" title="James Burnett, Lord Monboddo">Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen" title="William Cullen">Cullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Ferguson" title="Adam Ferguson">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hutcheson_(philosopher)" title="Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)">Hutcheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hutton" title="James Hutton">Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mill" title="James Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Playfair" title="John Playfair">Playfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reid" title="Thomas Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Stewart" title="Dugald Stewart">Stewart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mason" title="George Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Paine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Romanticism" title="Template:Romanticism">Romanticism</a> →</b></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Category:Age of Enlightenment">Category</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greek_War_of_Independence_(1821–1829)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #cedff2;;border:1px solid gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Template:Greek War of Independence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Template talk:Greek War of Independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek War of Independence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greek_War_of_Independence_(1821–1829)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> (1821–1829)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #cedff2;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Background_of_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Background of the Greek War of Independence">Background</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greeks" title="Ottoman Greeks">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armatoles" title="Armatoles">Armatoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodjabashis" title="Kodjabashis">Proestoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klepht" title="Klepht">Klephts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Skylosophos" title="Dionysios Skylosophos">Dionysius the Philosopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daskalogiannis" title="Daskalogiannis">Daskalogiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Benakis" title="Panagiotis Benakis">Panagiotis Benakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Galatis" title="Nikolaos Galatis">Nikolaos Galatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kolokotronis" title="Konstantinos Kolokotronis">Konstantinos Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambros_Katsonis" title="Lambros Katsonis">Lambros Katsonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_of_Aetolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmas of Aetolia">Cosmas of Aetolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina" title="Ali Pasha of Ioannina">Ali Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maniots" title="Maniots">Maniots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanariots" title="Phanariots">Phanariots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Millet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rum Millet">Rum Millet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliotes" title="Souliotes">Souliotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_V_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory V of Constantinople">Gregory V of Constantinople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orlov_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlov Revolt">Orlov Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliote_War_(1789%E2%80%931793)" title="Souliote War (1789–1793)">Souliote War (1789–1793)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliote_War_(1803)" title="Souliote War (1803)">Souliote War (1803)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Greek Enlightenment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Caradja" title="John Caradja">John Caradja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Christopoulos" title="Athanasios Christopoulos">Athanasios Christopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoklitos_Farmakidis" title="Theoklitos Farmakidis">Theoklitos Farmakidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimos_Gazis" title="Anthimos Gazis">Anthimos Gazis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Kairis" title="Theophilos Kairis">Theophilos Kairis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Adamantios Korais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenios_Voulgaris" title="Eugenios Voulgaris">Eugenios Voulgaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellinoglosso_Xenodocheio" title="Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio">Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filiki_Eteria" title="Filiki Eteria">Filiki Eteria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Skoufas" title="Nikolaos Skoufas">Nikolaos Skoufas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Tsakalov" title="Athanasios Tsakalov">Athanasios Tsakalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuil_Xanthos" title="Emmanuil Xanthos">Emmanuil Xanthos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Anagnostopoulos" title="Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos">Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomuse_Society" title="Philomuse Society">Philomuse Society</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Society_of_the_Phoenix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society of the Phoenix (page does not exist)">Society of the Phoenix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adelphiki_Didaskalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adelphiki Didaskalia (page does not exist)">Adelphiki Didaskalia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asma_Polemistirion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asma Polemistirion (page does not exist)">Asma Polemistirion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Nomarchy" title="Hellenic Nomarchy">Hellenic Nomarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphlet_of_Rigas_Feraios" title="Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios">Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salpisma_Polemistirion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salpisma Polemistirion (page does not exist)">Salpisma Polemistirion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thourios_or_Patriotic_hymn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thourios or Patriotic hymn (page does not exist)">Thourios or Patriotic hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">European intervention and<br />Greek involvement in<br />the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)">Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Kaynarca" title="Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca">Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Plan" title="Greek Plan">Greek Plan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%931792)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)">Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Fall of the Republic of Venice">Fall of the Republic of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1797%E2%80%931799)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799)">Republican French rule in the Ionian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septinsular_Republic" title="Septinsular Republic">Septinsular Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Legion_(Septinsular_Republic)" title="Greek Legion (Septinsular Republic)">Greek Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1807%E2%80%931814)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1807–1814)">Imperial French rule in the Ionian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Regiment_(France)" title="Albanian Regiment (France)">Albanian Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_campaign_of_1807%E2%80%931814" title="Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814">Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Regiment_Greek_Light_Infantry" title="1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry">1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">United States of the Ionian Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greek nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christianity">Eastern Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchism_in_Greece" title="Template:Monarchism in Greece">Monarchism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #cedff2;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Events</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Sieges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Patras_(1821)" title="Siege of Patras (1821)">Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Salona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Salona (page does not exist)">Salona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarino_massacre" title="Navarino massacre">Navarino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Livadeia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Livadeia (page does not exist)">Livadeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Acropolis_(1821%E2%80%9322)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Acropolis (1821–22)">1st Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripolitsa" title="Siege of Tripolitsa">Tripolitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Arta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Arta (page does not exist)">Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Acrocorinth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Acrocorinth (page does not exist)">Acrocorinth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Nauplia_(1822)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Nauplia (1822) (page does not exist)">Nauplia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Siege_of_Missolonghi" class="mw-redirect" title="First Siege of Missolonghi">1st Messolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Siege_of_Missolonghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Siege of Missolonghi">2nd Messolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Siege_of_Missolonghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Siege of Missolonghi">3rd Messolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Acropolis_(1826%E2%80%9327)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Acropolis (1826–27)">2nd Acropolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalamata" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kalamata">Kalamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallachian_uprising_of_1821" title="Wallachian uprising of 1821">Wallachian uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alamana" title="Battle of Alamana">Alamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gravia_Inn" title="Battle of Gravia Inn">Gravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valtetsi" title="Battle of Valtetsi">Valtetsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doliana" title="Battle of Doliana">Doliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lalas" title="Battle of Lalas">Lalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasilika_(Thessaloniki)" title="Battle of Vasilika (Thessaloniki)">Vasilika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dr%C4%83g%C4%83%C8%99ani" title="Battle of Drăgășani">Drăgășani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sculeni" title="Battle of Sculeni">Sculeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasilika" title="Battle of Vasilika">Vasilika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench_(1821)" title="Battle of the Trench (1821)">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peta" title="Battle of Peta">Peta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dervenakia" title="Battle of Dervenakia">Dervenakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karpenisi" title="Battle of Karpenisi">Karpenisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_civil_wars_of_1824%E2%80%9325" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek civil wars of 1824–25">Greek civil wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sphacteria_(1825)" title="Battle of Sphacteria (1825)">Sphacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maniaki" title="Battle of Maniaki">Maniaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morea_expedition" title="Morea expedition">Morea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lerna_Mills" title="Battle of the Lerna Mills">Lerna Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Egyptian_invasion_of_Mani" title="Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani">Mani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Distomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Distomo (page does not exist)">Distomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arachova" title="Battle of Arachova">Arachova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kamatero" title="Battle of Kamatero">Kamatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Phaleron" title="Battle of Phaleron">Phaleron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios_expedition" title="Chios expedition">Chios expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Martino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Martino (page does not exist)">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Koronisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Koronisia (page does not exist)">Koronisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petra" title="Battle of Petra">Petra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Massacres_during_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Massacres during the Greek War of Independence">Massacres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_massacre_of_1821" title="Constantinople massacre of 1821">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaloniki_Massacres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thessaloniki Massacres (page does not exist)">Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarino_massacre" title="Navarino massacre">Navarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripolitsa" title="Siege of Tripolitsa">Tripolitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naousa_massacre" title="Naousa massacre">Naousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Samothrace_(1821)" title="Massacre of Samothrace (1821)">Samothrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios_massacre" title="Chios massacre">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Psara" title="Destruction of Psara">Psara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasos_Massacre" title="Kasos Massacre">Kasos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9_July_Massacre_of_Greek-Cypriots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9 July Massacre of Greek-Cypriots (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Naval conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Eresos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Eresos (page does not exist)">Eresos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Ottoman_flagship_off_Chios" title="Burning of the Ottoman flagship off Chios">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nauplia_(1822)" title="Battle of Nauplia (1822)">Nauplia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samos_(1824)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Samos (1824)">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Andros_(1825)" title="Battle of Andros (1825)">Andros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sphacteria_(1825)" title="Battle of Sphacteria (1825)">Sphacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gerontas" title="Battle of Gerontas">Gerontas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Souda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Souda (page does not exist)">Souda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_raid_on_Alexandria_(1825)" title="Greek raid on Alexandria (1825)">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Volos_(1827)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Volos (1827) (page does not exist)">Volos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Itea" title="Battle of Itea">Itea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Navarino" title="Battle of Navarino">Navarino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Corvette_Agamemnon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek Corvette Agamemnon (page does not exist)"><i>Agamemnon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_brig_Aris" title="Greek brig Aris"><i>Aris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_frigate_Hellas" title="Greek frigate Hellas"><i>Hellas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karteria_(Greek_warship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karteria (Greek warship)"><i>Karteria</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_local_statutes" title="Greek local statutes">Greek regional councils and statutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messenian_Senate" title="Messenian Senate">Messenian Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Achaea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Achaea (page does not exist)">Directorate of Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_Senate" title="Peloponnesian Senate">Peloponnesian Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Western_Continental_Greece" title="Senate of Western Continental Greece">Senate of Western Continental Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areopagus_of_Eastern_Continental_Greece" title="Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece">Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Regime_of_Crete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provisional Regime of Crete (page does not exist)">Provisional Regime of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military-Political_System_of_Samos" title="Military-Political System of Samos">Military-Political System of Samos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_national_assemblies" title="Greek national assemblies">Greek national assemblies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_National_Assembly_at_Epidaurus" title="First National Assembly at Epidaurus">First (Epidaurus)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Executive_of_1822" title="Executive of 1822">Executive of 1822</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_National_Assembly_at_Astros" title="Second National Assembly at Astros">Second (Astros)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_National_Assembly_at_Troezen" title="Third National Assembly at Troezen">Third (Troezen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_National_Assembly_at_Argos" title="Fourth National Assembly at Argos">Fourth (Argos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_National_Assembly_at_Nafplion" title="Fifth National Assembly at Nafplion">Fifth (Nafplion)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">International Conferences,<br />treaties and protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Laibach" title="Congress of Laibach">Congress of Laibach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Verona" title="Congress of Verona">Congress of Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_of_St._Petersburg_(1826)" title="Protocol of St. Petersburg (1826)">Protocol of St. Petersburg (1826)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1827)" title="Treaty of London (1827)">Treaty of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Poros" title="Conference of Poros">Conference of Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Protocol_(1828)" title="London Protocol (1828)">London Protocol of 1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Protocol_(1829)" title="London Protocol (1829)">London Protocol of 1829</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Adrianople_(1829)" title="Treaty of Adrianople (1829)">Treaty of Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Protocol_(1830)" title="London Protocol (1830)">London Protocol of 1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1832" title="London Conference of 1832">London Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1832)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1832)">Treaty of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_to_the_Throne_of_Greece_(1822%E2%80%931832)" title="Election to the Throne of Greece (1822–1832)">Proposals for the monarch of Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_expedition_to_Syria_(1825)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek expedition to Syria (1825) (page does not exist)">Greek expedition to Syria (1825)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1828%E2%80%9329)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)">Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #cedff2;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Category:People of the Greek War of Independence">Personalities</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Hellenic_Republic" title="First Hellenic Republic">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chian_Committee" title="Chian Committee">Chian Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Androutsos" title="Odysseas Androutsos">Odysseas Androutsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotos_Bomporis" title="Fotos Bomporis">Fotos Bomporis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostas_Botsaris" title="Kostas Botsaris">Kostas Botsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markos_Botsaris" title="Markos Botsaris">Markos Botsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notis_Botsaris" title="Notis Botsaris">Notis Botsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tousias_Botsaris" title="Tousias Botsaris">Tousias Botsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laskarina_Bouboulina" title="Laskarina Bouboulina">Laskarina Bouboulina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Denis_Bourbaki" title="Constantin Denis Bourbaki">Constantin Denis Bourbaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Chalis" title="Stefanos Chalis">Stefanos Chalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotiris_Charalampis" title="Sotiris Charalampis">Sotiris Charalampis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giannis_Chondrogiannis" title="Giannis Chondrogiannis">Giannis Chondrogiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Christidis" title="Dimitrios Christidis">Dimitrios Christidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Danglis_(chieftain)" title="Panagiotis Danglis (chieftain)">Panagiotis Danglis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzimichalis_Dalianis" title="Hatzimichalis Dalianis">Hatzimichalis Dalianis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Deligeorgis" title="Dimitrios Deligeorgis">Dimitrios Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrakis_Deligiannis" title="Dimitrakis Deligiannis">Dimitrakis Deligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanellos_Deligiannis" title="Kanellos Deligiannis">Kanellos Deligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Diakos" title="Athanasios Diakos">Athanasios Diakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysis_Diakos" title="Dionysis Diakos">Dionysis Diakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Dimidis" title="Konstantinos Dimidis">Konstantinos Dimidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Dimoulitsas" title="Ioannis Dimoulitsas">Ioannis Dimoulitsas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Doukas" title="Adam Doukas">Adam Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Drakos" title="Georgios Drakos">Georgios Drakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiannis_Dyovouniotis" title="Yiannis Dyovouniotis">Yiannis Dyovouniotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Filippopoulos" title="Georgios Filippopoulos">Georgios Filippopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asimakis_Fotilas" title="Asimakis Fotilas">Asimakis Fotilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotakis_Fotilas" title="Panagiotakis Fotilas">Panagiotakis Fotilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelis_Gatsos" title="Angelis Gatsos">Angelis Gatsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Georgantas" title="Antonios Georgantas">Antonios Georgantas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanos_III_of_Old_Patras" title="Germanos III of Old Patras">Germanos III of Old Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Gevidis" title="Georgios Gevidis">Georgios Gevidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Gofas" title="Konstantinos Gofas">Konstantinos Gofas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasileios_Goudas" title="Vasileios Goudas">Vasileios Goudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yannis_Gouras" title="Yannis Gouras">Ioannis Gouras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Gouvelis" title="Dimitrios Gouvelis">Dimitrios Gouvelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Gouvelis_(1780%E2%80%931829)" title="Konstantinos Gouvelis (1780–1829)">Konstantinos Gouvelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelis_Govios" title="Angelis Govios">Angelis Govios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Indares" title="Dimitrios Indares">Dimitrios Indares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_of_Salona" title="Isaiah of Salona">Isaiah of Salona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Kalamogdartis" title="Antonios Kalamogdartis">Antonios Kalamogdartis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kalaras" title="George Kalaras">George Kalaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Kallergis" title="Dimitrios Kallergis">Dimitrios Kallergis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasios_Kampetis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanasios Kampetis (page does not exist)">Athanasios Kampetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Kanakaris" title="Athanasios Kanakaris">Athanasios Kanakaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Konstantinos Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Kanellos" title="Stefanos Kanellos">Stefanos Kanellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">Ioannis Kapodistrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaros_Kapodistrias" title="Viaros Kapodistrias">Viaros Kapodistrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamatios_Kapsas" title="Stamatios Kapsas">Stamatios Kapsas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgakis_Kapsokalyvas" title="Georgakis Kapsokalyvas">Georgakis Kapsokalyvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Karatasos" title="Anastasios Karatasos">Anastasios Karatasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Karatzas" title="Panagiotis Karatzas">Panagiotis Karatzas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Karaiskakis" title="Georgios Karaiskakis">Georgios Karaiskakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristeidis_Karnalis" title="Aristeidis Karnalis">Aristeidis Karnalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kasomoulis" title="Nikolaos Kasomoulis">Nikolaos Kasomoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kolettis" title="Ioannis Kolettis">Ioannis Kolettis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolis_Kolokotronis" title="Apostolis Kolokotronis">Apostolis Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennaios_Kolokotronis" title="Gennaios Kolokotronis">Ioannis Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panos_Kolokotronis" title="Panos Kolokotronis">Panos Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Kolokotronis" title="Theodoros Kolokotronis">Theodoros Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michail_Komninos_Afentoulief" title="Michail Komninos Afentoulief">Michail Komninos Afentoulief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Kontostavlos" title="Alexandros Kontostavlos">Alexandros Kontostavlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panos_Koronaios" title="Panos Koronaios">Panos Koronaios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kountouriotis" title="Georgios Kountouriotis">Georgios Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazaros_Kountouriotis" title="Lazaros Kountouriotis">Lazaros Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michalis_Kourmoulis" title="Michalis Kourmoulis">Michalis Kourmoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Krestenitis_(elder)" title="Ioannis Krestenitis (elder)">Ioannis Krestenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykourgos_Krestenitis" title="Lykourgos Krestenitis">Lykourgos Krestenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamatis_Krestenitis" title="Stamatis Krestenitis">Stamatis Krestenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Kriezis" title="Antonios Kriezis">Antonios Kriezis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kriezotis" title="Nikolaos Kriezotis">Nikolaos Kriezotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyprianos_of_Cyprus" title="Kyprianos of Cyprus">Kyprianos of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Lagoumitzis" title="Konstantinos Lagoumitzis">Konstantinos Lagoumitzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Lassanis" title="Georgios Lassanis">Georgios Lassanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Lechouritis" title="Georgios Lechouritis">Georgios Lechouritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardos_Leonardopoulos" title="Leonardos Leonardopoulos">Leonardos Leonardopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Liologlou" title="Georgios Liologlou">Georgios Liologlou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykourgos_Logothetis" title="Lykourgos Logothetis">Lykourgos Logothetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Londos" title="Andreas Londos">Andreas Londos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiannis_Makriyiannis" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiannis Makriyiannis">Yiannis Makriyiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Mamouris" title="Ioannis Mamouris">Ioannis Mamouris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Manakis" title="Anastasios Manakis">Anastasios Manakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manto_Mavrogenous" title="Manto Mavrogenous">Manto Mavrogenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Alexandros Mavrokordatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Mavromichalis" title="Antonios Mavromichalis">Antonios Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Mavromichalis" title="Demetrios Mavromichalis">Demetrios Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Mavromichalis" title="Georgios Mavromichalis">Georgios Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mavromichalis" title="Konstantinos Mavromichalis">Konstantinos Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakoulis_Mavromichalis_(military_commander)" title="Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis (military commander)">Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrobey_Mavromichalis" title="Petrobey Mavromichalis">Petrobey Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Meletopoulos" title="Dimitrios Meletopoulos">Dimitrios Meletopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Metaxas" title="Andreas Metaxas">Andreas Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Metaxas" title="Konstantinos Metaxas">Konstantinos Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzigiannis_Mexis" title="Hatzigiannis Mexis">Hatzigiannis Mexis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Vokos_Miaoulis" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreas Vokos Miaoulis">Andreas Miaoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Miaoulis" title="Antonios Miaoulis">Antonios Miaoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Michanidis" title="Panagiotis Michanidis">Panagiotis Michanidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyromilios" title="Spyromilios">Spyros Milios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Mykonios" title="Nikolaos Mykonios">Nikolaos Mykonios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachos_Milios" title="Zachos Milios">Zachos Milios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Negris" title="Alexander Negris">Alexander Negris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Negris" title="Konstantinos Negris">Konstantinos Negris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Negris" title="Theodoros Negris">Theodoros Negris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamantis_Nikolaou" title="Diamantis Nikolaou">Diamantis Nikolaou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Nikolopoulos_(composer)" title="Konstantinos Nikolopoulos (composer)">Konstantinos Nikolopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Notaras" title="Ioannis Notaras">Ioannis Notaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Oikonomou" title="Antonis Oikonomou">Antonis Oikonomou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Orlandos" title="Ioannis Orlandos">Ioannis Orlandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Paikos" title="Andronikos Paikos">Andronikos Paikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Panou" title="Georgios Panou">Georgios Panou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Panourgias" title="Dimitrios Panourgias">Dimitrios Panourgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakos_Panourgias" title="Nakos Panourgias">Nakos Panourgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaflessas" title="Papaflessas">Grigorios Papaflessas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anagnostaras" title="Anagnostaras">Anagnostis Papageorgiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Papanikolis" title="Dimitrios Papanikolis">Dimitrios Papanikolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanouel_Pappas" title="Emmanouel Pappas">Emmanouel Pappas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoforos_Perraivos" title="Christoforos Perraivos">Christoforos Perraivos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Petimezas" title="Nikolaos Petimezas">Nikolaos Petimezas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasileios_Petimezas_(1785%E2%80%931872)" title="Vasileios Petimezas (1785–1872)">Vasileios Petimezas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Petrakis" title="Dionysios Petrakis">Dionysios Petrakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Pipinos" title="Andreas Pipinos">Andreas Pipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Pittakis" title="Kyriakos Pittakis">Kyriakos Pittakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Polyzoidis" title="Anastasios Polyzoidis">Anastasios Polyzoidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Rados" title="Konstantinos Rados">Konstantinos Rados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Rangos" title="Ioannis Rangos">Ioannis Rangos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagiotis_Rodios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panagiotis Rodios (page does not exist)">Panagiotis Rodios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Romas" title="Dionysios Romas">Dionysios Romas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Sachtouris" title="Georgios Sachtouris">Georgios Sachtouris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Sekeris" title="Georgios Sekeris">Georgios Sekeris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theofanis_Siatisteus" title="Theofanis Siatisteus">Theofanis Siatisteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Sisinis" title="Georgios Sisinis">Georgios Sisinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Skandalidis" title="Ioannis Skandalidis">Ioannis Skandalidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zisis_Sotiriou" title="Zisis Sotiriou">Zisis Sotiriou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikitaras" title="Nikitaras">Nikitas Stamatelopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Stavros" title="Georgios Stavros">Georgios Stavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stephanini" title="Joseph Stephanini">Joseph Stephanini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Stratos" title="Ioannis Stratos">Ioannis Stratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotirios_Theocharopoulos" title="Sotirios Theocharopoulos">Sotirios Theocharopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafeirakis_Theodosiou" title="Zafeirakis Theodosiou">Zafeirakis Theodosiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanouil_Tombazis" title="Emmanouil Tombazis">Emmanouil Tombazis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iakovos_Tombazis" title="Iakovos Tombazis">Iakovos Tombazis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Trikoupis" title="Ioannis Trikoupis">Ioannis Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Tsamados" title="Anastasios Tsamados">Anastasios Tsamados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchisedek_Tsouderos" title="Melchisedek Tsouderos">Melchisedek Tsouderos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsos_Tzavellas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitsos Tzavellas">Kitsos Tzavellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Tzinis" title="Theodoros Tzinis">Theodoros Tzinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loukas_Vagias" title="Loukas Vagias">Loukas Vagias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanasoulas_Valtinos" title="Thanasoulas Valtinos">Thanasoulas Valtinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Varis" title="Dimitrios Varis">Dimitrios Varis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletis_Vasileiou" title="Meletis Vasileiou">Meletis Vasileiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domna_Visvizi" title="Domna Visvizi">Domna Visvizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexakis_Vlachopoulos" title="Alexakis Vlachopoulos">Alexakis Vlachopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Vlachopoulos" title="Konstantinos Vlachopoulos">Konstantinos Vlachopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieros_Voidis" title="Pieros Voidis">Pieros Voidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liolios_Xirolivaditis" title="Liolios Xirolivaditis">Liolios Xirolivaditis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Ypsilantis" title="Demetrios Ypsilantis">Demetrios Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoforos_Zachariadis" title="Christoforos Zachariadis">Christoforos Zachariadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Zaimis" title="Andreas Zaimis">Andreas Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanos_Zapheiropoulos" title="Germanos Zapheiropoulos">Germanos Zapheiropoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Zappas" title="Evangelos Zappas">Evangelos Zappas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marigo_Zarafopoula" title="Marigo Zarafopoula">Marigo Zarafopoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Zervas" title="Nikolaos Zervas">Nikolaos Zervas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Philhellenism" title="Philhellenism">Philhellenes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B3nio_Figueira_d%27Almeida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="António Figueira d'Almeida (page does not exist)">António Figueira d'Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Balestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Balestra (page does not exist)">Joseph Balestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Barff" title="Samuel Barff">Samuel Barff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marie_Bonaparte" title="Paul Marie Bonaparte">Paul Marie Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rudolf_Brommy" title="Karl Rudolf Brommy">Karl Rudolf Brommy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">François-René de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Church_(general)" title="Richard Church (general)">Richard Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Chiappe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Chiappe (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Chiappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cochrane,_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald">Lord Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacinto_Collegno" title="Giacinto Collegno">Giacinto Collegno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolas_Fabvier" title="Charles Nicolas Fabvier">Charles Fabvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Friedel" title="Adam Friedel">Adam Friedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Gallina" title="Vincenzo Gallina">Vincenzo Gallina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gordon_(British_Army_officer)" title="Thomas Gordon (British Army officer)">Thomas Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Guys" title="Constantin Guys">Constantin Guys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Han" title="Emmanuel Han">Emmanuel Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Abney_Hastings" title="Frank Abney Hastings">Frank Abney Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_von_Heideck" title="Carl Wilhelm von Heideck">Carl von Heideck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gridley_Howe" title="Samuel Gridley Howe">Samuel Gridley Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jarvis_(Philhellene)" title="George Jarvis (Philhellene)">George Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Krazeisen" title="Karl Krazeisen">Karl Krazeisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Nikolai_Kr%C3%B8yer" title="Henrik Nikolai Krøyer">Henrik Nikolai Krøyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig I of Bavaria">Ludwig I of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Michael_Mangel" title="Ernst Michael Mangel">Ernst Michael Mangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_de_Marbois-Lebrun,_Duchess_of_Plaisance" title="Sophie de Marbois-Lebrun, Duchess of Plaisance">Sophie de Marbois-Lebrun, Duchess of Plaisance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasos_Mavrovouniotis" title="Vasos Mavrovouniotis">Vasos Mavrovouniotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Meyer" title="Johann Jakob Meyer">Johann Jakob Meyer</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ellinika_Chronika" title="Ellinika Chronika">Ellinika Chronika</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Miller_(abolitionist)" title="Jonathan Miller (abolitionist)">Jonathan Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Michael_Millingen" title="Julius Michael Millingen">Julius Michael Millingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Myhrberg" title="August Myhrberg">August Myhrberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Normann-Ehrenfels" title="Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels">Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BEi-Prodan" title="Hadži-Prodan">Hadži-Prodan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Persat" title="Maurice Persat">Maurice Persat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_Piscatory" title="Theobald Piscatory">Theobald Piscatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois-Maxime_Raybaud" title="Jean-François-Maxime Raybaud">Maxime Raybaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Regnaud_de_Saint-Jean_d%27Ang%C3%A9ly" title="Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély">Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Rosaroll" title="Giuseppe Rosaroll">Giuseppe Rosaroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annibale_Santorre_di_Rossi_de_Pomarolo,_Count_of_Santarosa" title="Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa">Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Thiersch" title="Friedrich Thiersch">Friedrich Thiersch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Hilarion_Touret" title="Auguste Hilarion Touret">Auguste Hilarion Touret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Trelawny" title="Edward John Trelawny">Edward John Trelawny</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Legion_(Philhellenes)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Legion (Philhellenes) (page does not exist)">German Legion</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="el:Γερμανική Λεγεώνα">el</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_volunteers_in_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Serb volunteers in the Greek War of Independence">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Urquhart" title="David Urquhart">David Urquhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Voutier" title="Olivier Voutier">Olivier Voutier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jakob_Williams" title="James Jakob Williams">James Jakob Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Danubian_Principalities" title="Danubian Principalities">Danubian Principalities</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Band_(1821)" title="Sacred Band (1821)">Sacred Band</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasios_Agrafiotis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanasios Agrafiotis (page does not exist)">Athanasios Agrafiotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Christopoulos" title="Anastasios Christopoulos">Anastasios Christopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamandi_Djuvara" title="Diamandi Djuvara">Diamandi Djuvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Kanellos" title="Stefanos Kanellos">Stefanos Kanellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Kantakouzinos" title="Alexandros Kantakouzinos">Alexandros Kantakouzinos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgios_Kantakouzinos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgios Kantakouzinos (page does not exist)">Georgios Kantakouzinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallou_Karatza" title="Rallou Karatza">Rallou Karatza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamatios_Kleanthis" title="Stamatios Kleanthis">Stamatios Kleanthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Lassanis" title="Georgios Lassanis">Georgios Lassanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Levidis" title="Constantine Levidis">Constantine Levidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Macedonski" title="Dimitrie Macedonski">Dimitrie Macedonski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Manakis" title="Anastasios Manakis">Anastasios Manakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgakis_Olympios" title="Giorgakis Olympios">Giorgakis Olympios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiannis_Pharmakis" title="Yiannis Pharmakis">Yiannis Pharmakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Soutzos" title="Michael Soutzos">Michael Soutzos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxani_Soutzos" title="Roxani Soutzos">Roxani Soutzos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Tsakalov" title="Athanasios Tsakalov">Athanasios Tsakalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Vladimirescu" title="Tudor Vladimirescu">Tudor Vladimirescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Xenokratis" title="Konstantinos Xenokratis">Konstantinos Xenokratis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ypsilantis" title="Alexander Ypsilantis">Alexander Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Ypsilantis" title="Demetrios Ypsilantis">Demetrios Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaos_Ypsilantis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaos Ypsilantis (page does not exist)">Nikolaos Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoforos_Zachariadis" title="Christoforos Zachariadis">Christoforos Zachariadis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Algeria">Algeria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_the_Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty">Egypt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Sultan Mahmud II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurshid_Pasha" title="Hurshid Pasha">Hurshid Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasuhzade_Ali_Pasha" title="Nasuhzade Ali Pasha">Nasuhzade Ali Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael_Gibraltar" title="Ismael Gibraltar">Ismael Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omer_Vrioni" title="Omer Vrioni">Omer Vrioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Mehmet_(Kapudan_Pasha)" title="Kara Mehmet (Kapudan Pasha)">Kara Mehmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Dramali_Pasha" title="Mahmud Dramali Pasha">Mahmud Dramali Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koca_H%C3%BCsrev_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha">Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re%C5%9Fid_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Reşid Mehmed Pasha">Reşid Mehmed Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yussuf_Pasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yussuf Pasha (page does not exist)">Yussuf Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Pasha_of_Egypt" title="Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt">Ibrahim Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soliman_Pasha_al-Faransawi" title="Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi">Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">George Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_Canning,_1st_Viscount_Stratford_de_Redcliffe" title="Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe">Stratford Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Codrington" title="Edward Codrington">Edward Codrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Rigny" title="Henri de Rigny">Henri de Rigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodewijk_van_Heiden" title="Lodewijk van Heiden">Lodewijk van Heiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I of Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Financial aid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Philhellenic_Committee" title="London Philhellenic Committee">London Philhellenic Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig I of Bavaria">Ludwig I of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Gabriel_Eynard" title="Jean-Gabriel Eynard">Jean-Gabriel Eynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazaros_Kountouriotis" title="Lazaros Kountouriotis">Lazaros Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Papafis" title="Ioannis Papafis">Ioannis Papafis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Stavros" title="Georgios Stavros">Georgios Stavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Varvakis" title="Ioannis Varvakis">Ioannis Varvakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothschild_%26_Co" title="Rothschild & Co">Rothschild & Co</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Morea_expedition" title="Morea expedition">Morea expedition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Joseph_Maison" title="Nicolas Joseph Maison">Nicolas Joseph Maison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Simon_Durrieu" title="Antoine Simon Durrieu">Antoine Simon Durrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Virgile_Schneider" title="Antoine Virgile Schneider">Antoine Virgile Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Regnaud_de_Saint-Jean_d%27Ang%C3%A9ly" title="Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély">Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Alphonse_Tr%C3%A9zel" title="Camille Alphonse Trézel">Camille Alphonse Trézel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Scientific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Bory_de_Saint-Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent">Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on-Jean-Joseph_Dubois" title="Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois">Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Peytier" title="Pierre Peytier">Pierre Peytier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamatis_Voulgaris" title="Stamatis Voulgaris">Stamatis Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Abel_Blouet" title="Guillaume-Abel Blouet">Guillaume-Abel Blouet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bibron" title="Gabriel Bibron">Gabriel Bibron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_Baccuet" title="Prosper Baccuet">Prosper Baccuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Emmanuel_Amaury_Duval" title="Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval">Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Narcisse_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Pierre-Narcisse Guérin">Pierre-Narcisse Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lenormant" title="Charles Lenormant">Charles Lenormant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Quinet" title="Edgar Quinet">Edgar Quinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Historians/Memoirists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="el:Δημήτριος Αινιάν">Dimitrios Ainian</a></li> <li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Φώτιος Χρυσανθόπουλος">Fotis Chrysanthopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Filimon" title="Ioannis Filimon">Ioannis Filimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Finlay" title="George Finlay">George Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%82_(%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B2%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82)" class="extiw" title="el:Αμβρόσιος Φραντζής (πρεσβύτερος)"> Ambrosios Frantzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambros_Koutsonikas" title="Lambros Koutsonikas">Lambros Koutsonikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Metaxas" title="Konstantinos Metaxas">Konstantinos Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoutsos_Notaras" title="Panoutsos Notaras">Panoutsos Notaras</a></li> <li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%83%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Παναγιώτης Παπατσώνης">Panagiotis Papatsonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Polyzoidis" title="Anastasios Polyzoidis">Anastasios Polyzoidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Tertsetis" title="Georgios Tertsetis">Georgios Tertsetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Trikoupis" title="Spyridon Trikoupis">Spyridon Trikoupis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Dupr%C3%A9_(painter)" title="Louis Dupré (painter)">Louis Dupré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_von_Hess" title="Peter von Hess">Peter von Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pouqueville" title="François Pouqueville">François Pouqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Krazeisen" title="Karl Krazeisen">Karl Krazeisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Kalvos" title="Andreas Kalvos">Andreas Kalvos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Solomos" title="Dionysios Solomos">Dionysios Solomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Vryzakis" title="Theodoros Vryzakis">Theodoros Vryzakis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hellas_(poem)" title="Hellas (poem)">Hellas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reception_of_Lord_Byron_at_Missolonghi" title="The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi">The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greece_on_the_Ruins_of_Missolonghi" title="Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi">Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_si%C3%A8ge_de_Corinthe" title="Le siège de Corinthe">Le siège de Corinthe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Massacre_at_Chios" title="The Massacre at Chios">The Massacre at Chios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Besieged" title="The Free Besieged">The Free Besieged</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Hymn to Liberty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Archipelago_on_Fire" title="The Archipelago on Fire">The Archipelago on Fire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loukis_Laras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loukis Laras (page does not exist)">Loukis Laras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Athanasios_Diakos" title="The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos">The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>25 March (Independence Day)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Hymn to Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftheria_i_thanatos" title="Eleftheria i thanatos">Eleftheria i thanatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedion_tou_Areos" title="Pedion tou Areos">Pedion tou Areos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylaea_(Munich)" title="Propylaea (Munich)">Propylaea (Munich)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garden_of_Heroes_(Missolonghi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi) (page does not exist)">Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Phalanx" title="Royal Phalanx">Royal Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evzones" title="Evzones">Evzones</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidential_Guard_(Greece)" title="Presidential Guard (Greece)">Presidential Guard</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&oldid=1252733218">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&oldid=1252733218</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Category:Modern Greek Enlightenment">Modern Greek Enlightenment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Category:Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Enlightenment_philosophy" title="Category:Enlightenment philosophy">Enlightenment philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Category:Politics of the Greek War of Independence">Politics of the Greek War of Independence</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_introduction_cleanup_from_September_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia introduction cleanup from September 2024">Wikipedia introduction cleanup from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup" title="Category:All pages needing cleanup">All pages needing cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from September 2024">Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify" title="Category:All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify">All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 October 2024, at 18:31<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek_Enlightenment&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-js8vr","wgBackendResponseTime":142,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.802","walltime":"1.026","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2951,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":209897,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2485,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":90916,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 799.451 1 -total"," 16.97% 135.633 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.27% 122.067 7 Template:Navbox"," 14.83% 118.548 1 Template:Langx"," 11.27% 90.125 1 Template:Cite_news"," 11.18% 89.393 1 Template:Modern_Greek_Enlightenment"," 11.11% 88.835 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.82% 78.535 14 Template:Cite_book"," 9.13% 72.988 14 Template:Sfn"," 8.21% 65.609 1 Template:Commons_category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.497","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":14947047,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFDemetrios_Constantinos_Andrianis2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrakopoulou2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatzidakis1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatzidakisDrakopoulou1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsrael2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKitromilides2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKopeček2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM._Kitromilides1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGuckin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPizanias2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlested2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRicksBeaton2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavaidou2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpeake2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff_Writers1829\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStefanidou1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSussexJohn_Christopher1985\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Age of Enlightenment\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Further information\"] = 1,\n [\"Greek War of Independence\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Lead too long\"] = 1,\n [\"Modern Greek Enlightenment\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 14,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7d69b799d9-7jsnk","timestamp":"20241126201530","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Modern Greek Enlightenment","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3424747","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3424747","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-03-22T04:12:13Z","dateModified":"2024-10-22T18:31:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fd\/Hermes_the_scholar.jpg","headline":"18th-century national revival and educational movement in Greece"}</script> </body> </html>