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<span>Massacre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Massacre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reaction_and_commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reaction_and_commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reaction and commemoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reaction_and_commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Greek response</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chios massacre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xios_q%C9%99tliam%C4%B1" title="Xios qətliamı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xios qətliamı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massaker_von_Chios" title="Massaker von Chios – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Massaker von Chios" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A7%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Σφαγή της Χίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σφαγή της Χίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masacre_de_Qu%C3%ADos" title="Masacre de Quíos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Masacre de Quíos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_de_Chios" title="Massacre de Chios – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Massacre de Chios" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4_%ED%95%99%EC%82%B4" title="히오스 학살 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히오스 학살" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE" title="Քիոսյան կոտորած – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիոսյան կոտորած" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacro_de_Chios" title="Massacro de Chios – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Massacro de Chios" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacro_di_Chio" title="Massacro di Chio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Massacro di Chio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%91%D7%97_%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1" title="טבח כיוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טבח כיוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijas_slakti%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Hijas slaktiņš – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hijas slaktiņš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Масакрот на Хиос – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Масакрот на Хиос" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%ADosmassakren" title="Khíosmassakren – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Khíosmassakren" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khiosmassakren" title="Khiosmassakren – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Khiosmassakren" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakra_na_Chios" title="Masakra na Chios – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Masakra na Chios" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Хиосская резня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хиосская резня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokol_na_Hiosu" title="Pokol na Hiosu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pokol na Hiosu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakr_na_Hiosu" title="Masakr na Hiosu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Masakr na Hiosu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA" title="การสังหารหมู่ที่ไคออส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การสังหารหมู่ที่ไคออส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sak%C4%B1z_Adas%C4%B1_Katliam%C4%B1" title="Sakız Adası Katliamı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sakız Adası Katliamı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Хіоська різанина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хіоська різанина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chios_massacre&params=38.3640_N_26.0630_E_source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:GR-85_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°21′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°03′47″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.3640°N 26.0630°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.3640; 26.0630</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1822 plunder, massacre and enslavement of the Greek inhabitants on the island of Chios</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the painting by Eugène Delacroix, see <a href="/wiki/The_Massacre_at_Chios" title="The Massacre at Chios">The Massacre at Chios</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">Chios massacre</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Part of <a href="/wiki/Massacres_during_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Massacres during the Greek War of Independence">Massacres during the Greek War of Independence</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sc%C3%A8ne_des_massacres_de_Scio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sc%C3%A8ne_des_massacres_de_Scio.jpg/300px-Sc%C3%A8ne_des_massacres_de_Scio.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="385" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sc%C3%A8ne_des_massacres_de_Scio.jpg/450px-Sc%C3%A8ne_des_massacres_de_Scio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sc%C3%A8ne_des_massacres_de_Scio.jpg/600px-Sc%C3%A8ne_des_massacres_de_Scio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7022" data-file-height="9022" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Massacre_at_Chios" title="The Massacre at Chios">The Massacre at Chios</a></i> (1824) by <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location">Chios, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chios_massacre&params=38.3640_N_26.0630_E_source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:GR-85_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°21′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°03′47″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.3640°N 26.0630°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.3640; 26.0630</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">March–August 1822</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massacre" title="Massacre">massacre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass_murder" title="Mass murder">mass murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Victims</th><td class="infobox-data">Up to 100,000 killed or enslaved. At least: <ul><li>25,000–50,000 killed</li> <li>45,000–50,000 enslaved</li> <li>10,000–20,000 fled</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perpetrators</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Military of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman military</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of participants</div></th><td class="infobox-data">30,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motive</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Anti-Greek sentiment</a>, Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Inn">Gravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valtetsi" title="Battle of Valtetsi">Valtetsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doliana" title="Battle of Doliana">Doliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lalas" title="Battle of Lalas">Lalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasilika_(Thessaloniki)" title="Battle of Vasilika (Thessaloniki)">Vasilika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dr%C4%83g%C4%83%C8%99ani" title="Battle of Drăgășani">Drăgășani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sculeni" title="Battle of Sculeni">Sculeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasilika" title="Battle of Vasilika">Vasilika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench_(1821)" title="Battle of the Trench (1821)">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripolitsa" title="Siege of Tripolitsa">Tripolitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Samothrace_(1821)" title="Massacre of Samothrace (1821)">Samothrace</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>1822–1824</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Acrocorinth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Acrocorinth (page does not exist)">Acrocorinth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naousa_massacre" title="Naousa massacre">Naousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Ottoman_flagship_off_Chios" title="Burning of the Ottoman flagship off Chios">Chios (naval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peta" title="Battle of Peta">Peta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_Dramali" class="mw-redirect" title="Expedition of Dramali">Expedition of Dramali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dervenakia" title="Battle of Dervenakia">Dervenakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agionori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Agionori (page does not exist)">Agionori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nauplia_(1822)" title="Battle of Nauplia (1822)">Battle of Nauplia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_siege_of_Missolonghi" title="First siege of Missolonghi">1st Messolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karpenisi" title="Battle of Karpenisi">Karpenisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_siege_of_Missolonghi" title="Second siege of Missolonghi">2nd Messolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasos_Massacre" title="Kasos Massacre">Kasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Psara" title="Destruction of Psara">Psara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samos_(1824)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Samos (1824)">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gerontas" title="Battle of Gerontas">Gerontas</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Greek_civil_wars_of_1824%E2%80%931825" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek civil wars of 1824–1825">Greek civil wars of 1824–1825</a></b> </p> <hr /> <p><b>Egyptian intervention (1825–1826)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kremmydi" title="Battle of Kremmydi">Kremmydi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Andros_(1825)" title="Battle of Andros (1825)">Andros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sphacteria_(1825)" title="Battle of Sphacteria (1825)">Sphacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maniaki" title="Battle of Maniaki">Maniaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lerna_Mills" title="Battle of the Lerna Mills">Mills of Lerna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_raid_on_Alexandria_(1825)" title="Greek raid on Alexandria (1825)">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_siege_of_Missolonghi" title="Third siege of Missolonghi">3rd Messolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Egyptian_invasion_of_Mani" title="Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani">Mani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Acropolis_(1826%E2%80%931827)" title="Siege of the Acropolis (1826–1827)">2nd Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arachova" title="Battle of Arachova">Arachova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kamatero" title="Battle of Kamatero">Kamatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Phaleron" title="Battle of Phaleron">Phaleron</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Great powers intervention (1827–1829)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Volos_(1827)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Volos (1827) (page does not exist)">Volos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Itea" title="Battle of Itea">Itea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Navarino" title="Battle of Navarino">Navarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morea_expedition" title="Morea expedition">Morea expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios_expedition" title="Chios expedition">Chios expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Martino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Martino (page does not exist)">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Koronisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Koronisia (page does not exist)">Koronisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petra" title="Battle of Petra">Petra</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Chios massacre</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Η σφαγή της Χίου</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[i<span class="wrap"> </span>sfaˈʝi<span class="wrap"> </span>tis<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈçi.u]</a></span>) was a catastrophe that resulted in the death, <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Slavery in the Ottoman Empire">enslavement</a>, and flight of about four-fifths of the total population of <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> troops during the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> in 1822.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brewer2011–165_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewer2011–165-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shirinian2021–175_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shirinian2021–175-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is estimated that up to 100,000 people were killed or enslaved during the massacre, while up to 20,000 escaped as refugees.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greeks from neighboring islands had arrived on Chios and encouraged the Chiotes (the native inhabitants of the island) to join their revolt. In response, Ottoman troops landed on the island and killed thousands. The massacre of <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> provoked international outrage across the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a> and led to increasing support for the Greek cause worldwide. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chios_massacre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Sak%C4%B1z" title="Sanjak of Sakız">Sanjak of Sakız</a></div> <p>For over 2,000 years, merchants and shipowners from Chios had been prominent in trade and diplomacy throughout the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Dynasty">Ottoman Empire</a> allowed Chios almost complete control over its own affairs as Chioten trade and the very highly valued <a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">mastic plant</a>, harvested only on Chios, were of great value to the Ottomans. The cosmopolitan Chiotes were also very prominent in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Massacre" title="Massacre">massacre</a>, however, the island never regained its commercial prominence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The island's ruling classes were reluctant to join the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek revolt</a>, fearing the loss of their security and prosperity.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Clair_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Clair-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, they were aware that they were situated far too close to the Turkish heartland in <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> to be safe.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Clair_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Clair-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At some points, Chios is only 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) from the Anatolian mainland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Massacre">Massacre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chios_massacre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Massacre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1822, as the Greek revolt gathered strength on the mainland, several hundred armed Greeks from the neighbouring island of <a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a> landed in Chios. They attacked the Turks, who retreated to the <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a>. Many islanders also decided to join the revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Clair_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Clair-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the vast majority of the population had by all accounts done nothing to provoke the reprisals, and had not joined other Greeks in their revolt against the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reinforcements in the form of a Turkish fleet under the <a href="/wiki/Kapudan_Pasha" title="Kapudan Pasha">Kapudan Pasha</a> <a href="/wiki/Nasuhzade_Ali_Pasha" title="Nasuhzade Ali Pasha">Nasuhzade Ali Pasha</a> arrived on the island on 22 March.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:OSNS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:OSNS"><span title="It is unclear in which calendar this date is expressed (for example, Julian or Gregorian). (March 2020)">which calendar?</span></a></i>]</sup> They quickly pillaged and looted the town. On 12 April [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 31 March], orders were given to burn down the town, and over the next four months, an estimated 30,000 Turkish troops arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-Brewer2011–157_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewer2011–157-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to setting fires, the troops were ordered to kill all infants under three years old, all males 12 years and older, and all females 40 and older, except those willing to convert to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British warship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Seringapatam_(1819)" title="HMS Seringapatam (1819)">HMS <i>Seringapatam</i></a> was on duty in the Mediterranean under the command of Captain Samuel Warren. On 7 May she passed the island of Chios (then called Scio in English), saw it in flames, and received signals from Greek ships asking for help, but being under orders to <i>observe strict neutrality</i> in the Greek War of Independence the ship gave no assistance and proceeded on her way.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately four-fifths of the total population of 100,000 to 120,000 prior of the catastrophe, were killed, enslaved, or had to take refuge outside of Chios; it is estimated that up to 100,000 were killed or enslaved.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 25,000 were killed, 45,000 enslaved, and 10,000 to 20,000 fled.<sup id="cite_ref-Brewer2011–165_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewer2011–165-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shirinian2021–175_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shirinian2021–175-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estimates of the number of those slaughtered ran upward of 50,000, with an equal number enslaved.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tens of thousands of survivors dispersed throughout Europe and became part of the <a href="/wiki/Chian_diaspora" title="Chian diaspora">Chian diaspora</a>. Some young Greeks enslaved during the massacre were <a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">adopted</a> by wealthy Ottomans and converted to Islam. Some rose to levels of prominence in the Ottoman Empire, such as Georgios Stravelakis (later renamed <a href="/wiki/Mustapha_Khaznadar" title="Mustapha Khaznadar">Mustapha Khaznadar</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Edhem_Pasha" title="Ibrahim Edhem Pasha">Ibrahim Edhem Pasha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaction_and_commemoration">Reaction and commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chios_massacre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reaction and commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There was outrage when the events were reported in Europe<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and French painter <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a> created a painting depicting the events that occurred; his painting was named <i><a href="/wiki/The_Massacre_at_Chios" title="The Massacre at Chios">Scenes from the Massacres of Chios</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Barker_of_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Barker of Bath">Thomas Barker of Bath</a> painted a <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> of the massacre on the walls of Doric House, <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath, Somerset</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A draft of this painting, created under the supervision of Delacroix in his lab by one of his students, is in display in the <a href="/wiki/Athens_War_Museum" title="Athens War Museum">Athens War Museum</a>. In 2009, a copy of the painting was displayed in the local Byzantine museum on Chios. It was withdrawn from the museum in November 2009 in a "good faith initiative" for the improvement of <a href="/wiki/Greek-Turkish_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek-Turkish relations">Greek-Turkish relations</a>. However, the Greek press protested its removal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The copy is now back on display in the museum. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>'s collection of poems <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Orientales" title="Les Orientales">Les Orientales</a></i>, published in 1829, include the poem "<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">L'Enfant</span></span>" ("The Child") devoted to the massacre of Chios. The American poet <a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">William Cullen Bryant</a> published the poem "The Massacre at Scio" in 1824. </p><p>During a session of the Permanent Holy Synod of the Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Church of Greece</a> in Athens on 14–15 July 2021, at the proposal of Metropolitan Markos of <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Chios,_Psara_and_Oinousses" title="Metropolis of Chios, Psara and Oinousses">Chios, Psara and Oinousses</a>, the Holy Synod glorified Metropolitan Plato of Chios, and 43 others, who were martyred by Ottoman troops in the Chios Massacre on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Holy Friday</a> in 1822.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list included priests, deacons, <a href="/wiki/Hieromonk" title="Hieromonk">hieromonks</a> and monks, to be commemorated on the <a href="/wiki/Pentecostarion#Sunday_of_the_Paralytic" title="Pentecostarion">Sunday of the Paralytic</a> each year.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Greek_response">Greek response</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chios_massacre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Greek response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Ottoman_flagship_off_Chios" title="Burning of the Ottoman flagship off Chios">Burning of the Ottoman flagship off Chios</a></div> <p>After the Chios massacre, the Greek revolutionary government managed to gather a significant amount of money in order to outfit its ships and attack the Ottoman fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESfyroeras1975246–247_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESfyroeras1975246–247-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of May, the Greek captains from <a href="/wiki/Psara" title="Psara">Psara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydra_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydra Island">Hydra</a> decided to burn the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a>, the 84-gun <a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">ship of the line</a> <i>Mansur al-liwa</i>, by using <a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">fire ships</a>. The operation took place on the night of 18 June [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 6 June] 1822 and was conducted by <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Konstantinos Kanaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Pipinos" title="Andreas Pipinos">Andreas Pipinos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESfyroeras1975247–248_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESfyroeras1975247–248-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About two thousand Ottoman sailors were killed or drowned, including admiral <a href="/wiki/Nasuhzade_Ali_Pasha" title="Nasuhzade Ali Pasha">Nasuhzade Ali Pasha</a>, who had led the Chios massacre two months earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESfyroeras1975248–249_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESfyroeras1975248–249-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1952487–488_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1952487–488-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chios_massacre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Bey_Captain_Pacha_The_destroyer_of_Chio,_one_of_the_most_populated_and_cultivated_Islands_in_the_Greek%27s_Archipelago_-_Friedel_Adam_De_-_1830.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ottoman admiral Nasuhzade Ali Pasha, who led the Chios massacre."><img alt="Ottoman admiral Nasuhzade Ali Pasha, who led the Chios massacre." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ali_Bey_Captain_Pacha_The_destroyer_of_Chio%2C_one_of_the_most_populated_and_cultivated_Islands_in_the_Greek%27s_Archipelago_-_Friedel_Adam_De_-_1830.jpg/97px-Ali_Bey_Captain_Pacha_The_destroyer_of_Chio%2C_one_of_the_most_populated_and_cultivated_Islands_in_the_Greek%27s_Archipelago_-_Friedel_Adam_De_-_1830.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ali_Bey_Captain_Pacha_The_destroyer_of_Chio%2C_one_of_the_most_populated_and_cultivated_Islands_in_the_Greek%27s_Archipelago_-_Friedel_Adam_De_-_1830.jpg/145px-Ali_Bey_Captain_Pacha_The_destroyer_of_Chio%2C_one_of_the_most_populated_and_cultivated_Islands_in_the_Greek%27s_Archipelago_-_Friedel_Adam_De_-_1830.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ali_Bey_Captain_Pacha_The_destroyer_of_Chio%2C_one_of_the_most_populated_and_cultivated_Islands_in_the_Greek%27s_Archipelago_-_Friedel_Adam_De_-_1830.jpg/194px-Ali_Bey_Captain_Pacha_The_destroyer_of_Chio%2C_one_of_the_most_populated_and_cultivated_Islands_in_the_Greek%27s_Archipelago_-_Friedel_Adam_De_-_1830.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ottoman admiral <a href="/wiki/Nasuhzade_Ali_Pasha" title="Nasuhzade Ali Pasha">Nasuhzade Ali Pasha</a>, who led the Chios massacre.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A8%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%91_%CE%A3%CE%A6%CE%91%CE%93%CE%97%CE%A3_%CE%A7%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Human skeletal remains of the massacre in Nea Moni of Chios."><img alt="Human skeletal remains of the massacre in Nea Moni of Chios." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A8%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%91_%CE%A3%CE%A6%CE%91%CE%93%CE%97%CE%A3_%CE%A7%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5.jpg/160px-%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A8%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%91_%CE%A3%CE%A6%CE%91%CE%93%CE%97%CE%A3_%CE%A7%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A8%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%91_%CE%A3%CE%A6%CE%91%CE%93%CE%97%CE%A3_%CE%A7%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5.jpg/240px-%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A8%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%91_%CE%A3%CE%A6%CE%91%CE%93%CE%97%CE%A3_%CE%A7%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A8%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%91_%CE%A3%CE%A6%CE%91%CE%93%CE%97%CE%A3_%CE%A7%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5.jpg/320px-%CE%9B%CE%95%CE%99%CE%A8%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%91_%CE%A3%CE%A6%CE%91%CE%93%CE%97%CE%A3_%CE%A7%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%A5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3985" data-file-height="2657" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Human skeletal remains of the massacre in <a href="/wiki/Nea_Moni_of_Chios" title="Nea Moni of Chios">Nea Moni of Chios</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ibrahim_edhem_sons.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ibrahim Edhem from the Skaramanga family and sons."><img alt="Ibrahim Edhem from the Skaramanga family and sons." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ibrahim_edhem_sons.png/148px-Ibrahim_edhem_sons.png" decoding="async" width="148" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ibrahim_edhem_sons.png/221px-Ibrahim_edhem_sons.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ibrahim_edhem_sons.png/295px-Ibrahim_edhem_sons.png 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="388" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ibrahim Edhem from the Skaramanga family and sons.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustapha_Khaznadar_1846.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Georgios Stravelakis, a survivor at the age of five of the massacre, was sold into slavery.[22] He eventually became Prime Minister of Tunis, from 1837 to 1873.[23]"><img alt="Georgios Stravelakis, a survivor at the age of five of the massacre, was sold into slavery.[22] He eventually became Prime Minister of Tunis, from 1837 to 1873.[23]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mustapha_Khaznadar_1846.jpg/100px-Mustapha_Khaznadar_1846.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mustapha_Khaznadar_1846.jpg/150px-Mustapha_Khaznadar_1846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Mustapha_Khaznadar_1846.jpg/200px-Mustapha_Khaznadar_1846.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1276" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Stravelakis" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgios Stravelakis">Georgios Stravelakis</a>, a survivor at the age of five of the massacre, was sold into slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He eventually became <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Tunisia" title="Prime Minister of Tunisia">Prime Minister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, from 1837 to 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chios_massacre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Greece" title="List of massacres in Greece">List of massacres in Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_during_the_Greek_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacres during the Greek Revolution">Massacres during the Greek Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarino_massacre" title="Navarino massacre">Navarino massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripolitsa_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripolitsa massacre">Tripolitsa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Psara" title="Destruction of Psara">Destruction of Psara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios_expedition" title="Chios expedition">Chios expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_wars_in_Europe" title="Ottoman wars in Europe">Ottoman wars in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firman_of_1830" title="Firman of 1830">Firman of 1830</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chios_massacre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDadrian1999" class="citation book cs1">Dadrian, Vahakn N. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warrantforgenoci00dadr/page/153"><i>Warrant for Genocide: Key Elements of Turko-Armenian Conflict</i></a>. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warrantforgenoci00dadr/page/153">153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56000-389-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-56000-389-8"><bdi>1-56000-389-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warrant+for+Genocide%3A+Key+Elements+of+Turko-Armenian+Conflict&rft.place=New+Brunswick&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-56000-389-8&rft.aulast=Dadrian&rft.aufirst=Vahakn+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarrantforgenoci00dadr%2Fpage%2F153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brewer2011–165-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brewer2011–165_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brewer2011–165_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrewer2011">Brewer 2011</a>, p. 165: "The final toll on the suffering island could now be assessed. Before the catastrophe there were between 100,000 and 120,000 Greeks living on Chios, and by the end their numbers were reduced to some 20,000. Gordon's even more shocking figure of only 1,800 survivors on the island is almost certainly wrong, perhaps a mistake for 18,000, though he may be right to say that 'the most populous villages had only twelve indwellers'. The number of Greeks killed was put at 25,000 and of those enslaved at 45,000; that is, the catastrophe left about a quarter of the population dead and nearly half taken into slavery. Probably between 10,000 and 20,000 escaped, some to return, some to settle on other Aegean islands, some to continue the great family names of Chios – Ralli, Rodocanachi, Argenti, Vlasto – as they found fortune or fame abroad."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shirinian2021–175-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shirinian2021–175_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shirinian2021–175_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShirinian2021">Shirinian 2021</a>, p. 175: "The Turkish response came in April 1822 with the plunder, massacre and enslavement of the Greek inhabitants of the island of Chios. Whereas there had been approximately 100,000 to 120,000 Greeks living on Chios before the massacre, there were only approximately 20,000 after – about 25,000 had been killed, 45,000 enslaved, and 10,000 to 20,000 had escaped. At the same time, the Aegean coastal town of Kydonies (Ayvalık), north of Chios, was also destroyed, with many of the inhabitants fleeing to Greece, along with the refugees from Chios."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCartledge2020" class="citation journal cs1">Cartledge, Y. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htz004">"The Chios Massacre (1822) and early British Christian-humanitarianism"</a>. <i>Historical Research</i>. <b>93</b> (259): 52–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhisres%2Fhtz004">10.1093/hisres/htz004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0950-3471">0950-3471</a>. <q>As many as 100,000 inhabitants were either killed or enslaved, while 20,000 escaped as refugees.<span class="nowrap"> </span>... The exact number of Chiots enslaved or massacred remains generally unknown, with different estimations given. Argenti stated that "before the massacre the total resident population of Chios was 120,000, after the massacre it was but 30,000." Long cited 41,000 Chiots being exported as slaves, which can be seen from the customs authority records, as well as 15,000 escapees from the island prior to the Kapudan Pasha's arrival. The historians St Clair and Brewer relatively echoed Long's number of slaves being brought to Anatolia, as did the Philhellene Thomas Gordon, who estimated 45,000. Brandt suggested "those slaughtered ran upward of 50,000, with an equal number enslaved." Rodogno reasoned that "Before the massacre between 100,000 and 120,000 Greeks had been living on Chios; by the end of it there were 20,000; many had perished, others fled or became slaves."The Times asked rhetorically: "Who can, without shuddering, read of the total ruin, the universal desolation of our famed and once happy isle (Scio); the destruction of all its inhabitants, nearly one hundred thousand"?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Research&rft.atitle=The+Chios+Massacre+%281822%29+and+early+British+Christian-humanitarianism&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=259&rft.pages=52-72&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhisres%2Fhtz004&rft.issn=0950-3471&rft.aulast=Cartledge&rft.aufirst=Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fhisres%2Fhtz004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-St._Clair-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-St._Clair_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Clair_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Clair_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._Clair1972" class="citation book cs1">St. Clair, William (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thatgreecemights0000stcl/page/79"><i>That Greece Might Still Be Free, The Philhellenes in the War of Independence</i></a>. London: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thatgreecemights0000stcl/page/79">79</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-215194-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-215194-0"><bdi>0-19-215194-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=That+Greece+Might+Still+Be+Free%2C+The+Philhellenes+in+the+War+of+Independence&rft.place=London&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-19-215194-0&rft.aulast=St.+Clair&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthatgreecemights0000stcl%2Fpage%2F79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShupp1933" class="citation journal cs1">Shupp, Paul F. (1933). "Review: Argenti, Philip P. <i>The Massacre of Chios</i>". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Modern_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Modern History">Journal of Modern History</a></i>. <b>5</b> (3): 414. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F236057">10.1086/236057</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1875872">1875872</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+History&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Argenti%2C+Philip+P.+The+Massacre+of+Chios&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=414&rft.date=1933&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F236057&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1875872%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Shupp&rft.aufirst=Paul+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brewer2011–157-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brewer2011–157_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrewer2011">Brewer 2011</a>, p. 157: "The kapitan pasha, Kara Ali, was ordered to Chios with a powerful fleet and with orders to convey 15,000 men to Chios from Chesme, where 30,000 had now gathered. Many were volunteers, including it was said a whole infantry regiment of Muslim priests, and most were simply attracted by the riches of Chios. The British consul at Smyrna reported that 'we have got rid of all our ruffians, who have gone to take part in the plunder of Scio'. Strangford, Britain's ambassador in Constantinople, was worried about the control of such large numbers of unruly troops."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002113325/http://www.chioshistory.gr/en/itx/itx25.html">"Revolution – The massacre of the island of Chios"</a>. chioshistory.gr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chioshistory.gr/en/itx/itx25.html">the original</a> on 2 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revolution+%E2%80%93+The+massacre+of+the+island+of+Chios&rft.pub=chioshistory.gr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chioshistory.gr%2Fen%2Fitx%2Fitx25.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GM-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GM_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Great-Britain", <i><a href="/wiki/Galignani%27s_Messenger" class="mw-redirect" title="Galignani's Messenger">Galignani's Messenger</a></i> (Paris), 26 July 1822, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zy5OAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT176">p. 1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181111173817/http://www.qgazette.com/news/2007-11-28/features/016.html">"The Chios Massacre Of 1822"</a>. <i>Queens Gazette</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qgazette.com/news/2007-11-28/features/016.html">the original</a> on 2018-11-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queens+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+Chios+Massacre+Of+1822&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qgazette.com%2Fnews%2F2007-11-28%2Ffeatures%2F016.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandt2016" class="citation web cs1">Brandt, Anthony (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historynet.com/tears-of-chios/">"Tears of Chios"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_History_Group" title="World History Group">World History Group</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Group&rft.atitle=Tears+of+Chios&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Brandt&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Ftears-of-chios%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittell1888" class="citation book cs1">Littell, Eliakim (October 1888). <i><a href="/wiki/Living_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Living Age">The Living Age</a></i>. Vol. 179. The Living Age Co. p. 614. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10173561">10173561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Living+Age&rft.pages=614&rft.pub=The+Living+Age+Co.&rft.date=1888-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10173561&rft.aulast=Littell&rft.aufirst=Eliakim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlose2016" class="citation book cs1">Klose, Fabian (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cMvZCgAAQBAJ&q=castlereagh+chios&pg=PA175"><i>The Emergence of Humanitarian Intervention: Ideas and Practice from the Nineteenth Century to the Present</i></a>. Clays. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107075511" title="Special:BookSources/9781107075511"><bdi>9781107075511</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emergence+of+Humanitarian+Intervention%3A+Ideas+and+Practice+from+the+Nineteenth+Century+to+the+Present&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Clays&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781107075511&rft.aulast=Klose&rft.aufirst=Fabian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcMvZCgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcastlereagh%2Bchios%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCartledge2020" class="citation journal cs1">Cartledge, YJC (Feb 2020). "The Chios Massacre (1822) and early British Christian-humanitarianism". <i><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Historical_Research#Activities" title="Institute of Historical Research">Historical Research</a></i>. <b>93</b> (259): 52–72, at p.60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhisres%2Fhtz004">10.1093/hisres/htz004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Research&rft.atitle=The+Chios+Massacre+%281822%29+and+early+British+Christian-humanitarianism&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=259&rft.pages=52-72%2C+at+p.60&rft.date=2020-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhisres%2Fhtz004&rft.aulast=Cartledge&rft.aufirst=YJC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Greek)</span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/holysynod/holysynod.asp?id=3012&what_sub=d_typou">Δελτία Τύπου της Ιεράς Συνόδου: Δεύτερη συνεδρία της Δ.Ι.Σ. για το μήνα Ιούλιο</a>.</i> Διαρκούς Ιεράς Συνόδου της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος (ECCLESIA.GR). Αθήνα, 15 Ιουλίου 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orthochristian.com/140576.html">GREEK CHURCH CANONIZES DOZENS OF MARTYRS, ECCLESIASTICAL TEACHERS</a>.</i> Orthodox Christianity. Athens, 16 July 2021. Retrieved: 17 July 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Greek)</span> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.romfea.gr/ieres-mitropoleis/44541-agiokatataksi-ieromartyros-platonos-kai-ton-syn-afto">Αγιοκατάταξη Ιερομάρτυρος Πλάτωνος και των συν αυτώ</a>.</i> ΡΟΜΦΑΙΑ (Ι.Μ. Χίου). 15/07, 15:17. Retrieved: 17 July 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESfyroeras1975246–247-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESfyroeras1975246–247_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSfyroeras1975">Sfyroeras 1975</a>, pp. 246–247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESfyroeras1975247–248-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESfyroeras1975247–248_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSfyroeras1975">Sfyroeras 1975</a>, pp. 247–248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESfyroeras1975248–249-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESfyroeras1975248–249_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSfyroeras1975">Sfyroeras 1975</a>, pp. 248–249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson1952487–488-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson1952487–488_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson1952">Anderson 1952</a>, pp. 487–488.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonMattarBulliet1996" class="citation book cs1">Simon, Reeva S.; Mattar, Philip; Bulliet, Richard W. (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmo24simo"><i>Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East</i></a></span>. Macmillan Reference USA. p. 1018. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-897062-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-897062-4"><bdi>0-02-897062-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.pages=1018&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+USA&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-02-897062-4&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Reeva+S.&rft.au=Mattar%2C+Philip&rft.au=Bulliet%2C+Richard+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofmo24simo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorsy1984" class="citation book cs1">Morsy, Magali (1984). <i>North Africa, 1800–1900: A Survey from the Nile Valley to the Atlantic</i>. Longman. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-78377-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-78377-1"><bdi>0-582-78377-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+Africa%2C+1800%E2%80%931900%3A+A+Survey+from+the+Nile+Valley+to+the+Atlantic&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-582-78377-1&rft.aulast=Morsy&rft.aufirst=Magali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chios_massacre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewer2011" class="citation book cs1">Brewer, David (November 2011) [2001]. "Chios". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GhCLDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Greek War of Independence: The Struggle for Freedom from Ottoman Oppression</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Overlook_Press" title="The Overlook Press">The Overlook Press</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duckworth_Books" title="Duckworth Books">Duckworth Books</a> (published 2011). pp. 154–167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1468312515" title="Special:BookSources/978-1468312515"><bdi>978-1468312515</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chios&rft.btitle=The+Greek+War+of+Independence%3A+The+Struggle+for+Freedom+from+Ottoman+Oppression&rft.pages=154-167&rft.pub=The+Overlook+Press+and+Duckworth+Books&rft.date=2011-11&rft.isbn=978-1468312515&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGhCLDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirinian2021" class="citation book cs1">Shirinian, George N. (2021). "Collective State Violence against Greeks in the Late Ottoman Empire, 1821–1923". In Astourian, Stephan H.; <a href="/wiki/Raymond_K%C3%A9vorkian" title="Raymond Kévorkian">Kévorkian, Raymond H.</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FJ3UDwAAQBAJ"><i>Collective and State Violence in Turkey: The Construction of a National Identity from Empire to Nation-State</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Berghahn_Books" title="Berghahn Books">Berghahn Books</a>. pp. 174–229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1789204513" title="Special:BookSources/978-1789204513"><bdi>978-1789204513</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Collective+State+Violence+against+Greeks+in+the+Late+Ottoman+Empire%2C+1821%E2%80%931923&rft.btitle=Collective+and+State+Violence+in+Turkey%3A+The+Construction+of+a+National+Identity+from+Empire+to+Nation-State&rft.pages=174-229&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1789204513&rft.aulast=Shirinian&rft.aufirst=George+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFJ3UDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1952" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._C._Anderson" title="R. C. Anderson">Anderson, R. C.</a> (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015005292860"><i>Naval Wars in the Levant 1559–1853</i></a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1015099422">1015099422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Wars+in+the+Levant+1559%E2%80%931853&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1015099422&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015005292860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSfyroeras1975" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sfyroeras, Vasileios (1975). "Σταθεροποίηση της Επαναστάσεως 1822-1823" [Stabilization of the Revolution 1822-1823]. <i>Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους</i> (in Greek). pp. 212–286.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%82+1822-1823&rft.btitle=%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%88%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82&rft.pages=212-286&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Sfyroeras&rft.aufirst=Vasileios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChios+massacre" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chios_massacre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Christopher A. Long – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christopherlong.co.uk/per/chiosmass2.html">The Series of Events</a>.</li> <li><i>The Massacres of Chios Described in Contemporary Diplomatic Reports</i>, edited and with an introduction by Philip P. Argenti (London: John Lane the Bodley Head Ltd., 1932).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chios_massacre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Poems_of_Felicia_Hemans_in_The_Literary_Souvenir,_1830/The_Sisters_of_Scio" class="extiw" title="s:Poems of Felicia Hemans in The Literary Souvenir, 1830/The Sisters of Scio">The Sisters of Scio</a>" is a poetic response to the massacre by <a href="/wiki/Felicia_Hemans" title="Felicia Hemans">Felicia Hemans</a>, first published in <i>The Literary Souvenir</i> annual for 1830, with an engraving by Henry Rolls of a painting by A. Phalipon.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greek_War_of_Independence_(1821–1829)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #cedff2;;border:1px solid gold;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Template:Greek War of Independence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Template talk:Greek War of Independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek War of Independence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greek_War_of_Independence_(1821–1829)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> (1821–1829)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #cedff2;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Background_of_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Background of the Greek War of Independence">Background</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greeks" title="Ottoman Greeks">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armatoles" title="Armatoles">Armatoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodjabashis" title="Kodjabashis">Proestoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klepht" title="Klepht">Klephts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Skylosophos" title="Dionysios Skylosophos">Dionysius the Philosopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daskalogiannis" title="Daskalogiannis">Daskalogiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Benakis" title="Panagiotis Benakis">Panagiotis Benakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Galatis" title="Nikolaos Galatis">Nikolaos Galatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kolokotronis" title="Konstantinos Kolokotronis">Konstantinos Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambros_Katsonis" title="Lambros Katsonis">Lambros Katsonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmas_of_Aetolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmas of Aetolia">Cosmas of Aetolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina" title="Ali Pasha of Ioannina">Ali Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maniots" title="Maniots">Maniots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanariots" title="Phanariots">Phanariots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Millet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rum Millet">Rum Millet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliotes" title="Souliotes">Souliotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_V_of_Constantinople" title="Gregory V of Constantinople">Gregory V of Constantinople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orlov_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlov Revolt">Orlov Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliote_War_(1789%E2%80%931793)" title="Souliote War (1789–1793)">Souliote War (1789–1793)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliote_War_(1803)" title="Souliote War (1803)">Souliote War (1803)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_Enlightenment" title="Modern Greek Enlightenment">Greek Enlightenment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Caradja" title="John Caradja">John Caradja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Christopoulos" title="Athanasios Christopoulos">Athanasios Christopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theoklitos_Farmakidis" title="Theoklitos Farmakidis">Theoklitos Farmakidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigas_Feraios" title="Rigas Feraios">Rigas Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthimos_Gazis" title="Anthimos Gazis">Anthimos Gazis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_Kairis" title="Theophilos Kairis">Theophilos Kairis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamantios_Korais" title="Adamantios Korais">Adamantios Korais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenios_Voulgaris" title="Eugenios Voulgaris">Eugenios Voulgaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ellinoglosso_Xenodocheio" title="Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio">Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filiki_Eteria" title="Filiki Eteria">Filiki Eteria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Skoufas" title="Nikolaos Skoufas">Nikolaos Skoufas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Tsakalov" title="Athanasios Tsakalov">Athanasios Tsakalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuil_Xanthos" title="Emmanuil Xanthos">Emmanuil Xanthos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Anagnostopoulos" title="Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos">Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomuse_Society" title="Philomuse Society">Philomuse Society</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Society_of_the_Phoenix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society of the Phoenix (page does not exist)">Society of the Phoenix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adelphiki_Didaskalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adelphiki Didaskalia (page does not exist)">Adelphiki Didaskalia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asma_Polemistirion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asma Polemistirion (page does not exist)">Asma Polemistirion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Nomarchy" title="Hellenic Nomarchy">Hellenic Nomarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphlet_of_Rigas_Feraios" title="Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios">Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salpisma_Polemistirion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salpisma Polemistirion (page does not exist)">Salpisma Polemistirion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thourios_or_Patriotic_hymn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thourios or Patriotic hymn (page does not exist)">Thourios or Patriotic hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">European intervention and<br />Greek involvement in<br />the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)">Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Kaynarca" title="Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca">Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Plan" title="Greek Plan">Greek Plan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%931792)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)">Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Fall of the Republic of Venice">Fall of the Republic of Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1797%E2%80%931799)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799)">Republican French rule in the Ionian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septinsular_Republic" title="Septinsular Republic">Septinsular Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Legion_(Septinsular_Republic)" title="Greek Legion (Septinsular Republic)">Greek Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_rule_in_the_Ionian_Islands_(1807%E2%80%931814)" title="French rule in the Ionian Islands (1807–1814)">Imperial French rule in the Ionian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Regiment_(France)" title="Albanian Regiment (France)">Albanian Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_campaign_of_1807%E2%80%931814" title="Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814">Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Regiment_Greek_Light_Infantry" title="1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry">1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">United States of the Ionian Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greek nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christianity">Eastern Orthodox Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchism_in_Greece" title="Template:Monarchism in Greece">Monarchism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #cedff2;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Events</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Sieges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Patras_(1821)" title="Siege of Patras (1821)">Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Salona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Salona (page does not exist)">Salona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarino_massacre" title="Navarino massacre">Navarino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Livadeia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Livadeia (page does not exist)">Livadeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Acropolis_(1821%E2%80%9322)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Acropolis (1821–22)">1st Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripolitsa" title="Siege of Tripolitsa">Tripolitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Arta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Arta (page does not exist)">Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Acrocorinth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Acrocorinth (page does not exist)">Acrocorinth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Nauplia_(1822)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Nauplia (1822) (page does not exist)">Nauplia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Siege_of_Missolonghi" class="mw-redirect" title="First Siege of Missolonghi">1st Messolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Siege_of_Missolonghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Siege of Missolonghi">2nd Messolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Siege_of_Missolonghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Siege of Missolonghi">3rd Messolonghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Acropolis_(1826%E2%80%9327)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Acropolis (1826–27)">2nd Acropolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalamata" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kalamata">Kalamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallachian_uprising_of_1821" title="Wallachian uprising of 1821">Wallachian uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alamana" title="Battle of Alamana">Alamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gravia_Inn" title="Battle of Gravia Inn">Gravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valtetsi" title="Battle of Valtetsi">Valtetsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doliana" title="Battle of Doliana">Doliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lalas" title="Battle of Lalas">Lalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasilika_(Thessaloniki)" title="Battle of Vasilika (Thessaloniki)">Vasilika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dr%C4%83g%C4%83%C8%99ani" title="Battle of Drăgășani">Drăgășani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sculeni" title="Battle of Sculeni">Sculeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasilika" title="Battle of Vasilika">Vasilika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench_(1821)" title="Battle of the Trench (1821)">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peta" title="Battle of Peta">Peta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dervenakia" title="Battle of Dervenakia">Dervenakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karpenisi" title="Battle of Karpenisi">Karpenisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_civil_wars_of_1824%E2%80%9325" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek civil wars of 1824–25">Greek civil wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sphacteria_(1825)" title="Battle of Sphacteria (1825)">Sphacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maniaki" title="Battle of Maniaki">Maniaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morea_expedition" title="Morea expedition">Morea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lerna_Mills" title="Battle of the Lerna Mills">Lerna Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Egyptian_invasion_of_Mani" title="Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani">Mani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Distomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Distomo (page does not exist)">Distomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arachova" title="Battle of Arachova">Arachova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kamatero" title="Battle of Kamatero">Kamatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Phaleron" title="Battle of Phaleron">Phaleron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chios_expedition" title="Chios expedition">Chios expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Martino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Martino (page does not exist)">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Koronisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Koronisia (page does not exist)">Koronisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petra" title="Battle of Petra">Petra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Massacres_during_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Massacres during the Greek War of Independence">Massacres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_massacre_of_1821" title="Constantinople massacre of 1821">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thessaloniki_Massacres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thessaloniki Massacres (page does not exist)">Thessaloniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarino_massacre" title="Navarino massacre">Navarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripolitsa" title="Siege of Tripolitsa">Tripolitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naousa_massacre" title="Naousa massacre">Naousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_Samothrace_(1821)" title="Massacre of Samothrace (1821)">Samothrace</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Psara" title="Destruction of Psara">Psara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasos_Massacre" title="Kasos Massacre">Kasos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=9_July_Massacre_of_Greek-Cypriots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9 July Massacre of Greek-Cypriots (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Naval conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Eresos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Eresos (page does not exist)">Eresos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Ottoman_flagship_off_Chios" title="Burning of the Ottoman flagship off Chios">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nauplia_(1822)" title="Battle of Nauplia (1822)">Nauplia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samos_(1824)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Samos (1824)">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Andros_(1825)" title="Battle of Andros (1825)">Andros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sphacteria_(1825)" title="Battle of Sphacteria (1825)">Sphacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gerontas" title="Battle of Gerontas">Gerontas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Souda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Souda (page does not exist)">Souda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_raid_on_Alexandria_(1825)" title="Greek raid on Alexandria (1825)">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Volos_(1827)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Volos (1827) (page does not exist)">Volos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Itea" title="Battle of Itea">Itea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Navarino" title="Battle of Navarino">Navarino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Corvette_Agamemnon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek Corvette Agamemnon (page does not exist)"><i>Agamemnon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_brig_Aris" title="Greek brig Aris"><i>Aris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_frigate_Hellas" title="Greek frigate Hellas"><i>Hellas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karteria_(Greek_warship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karteria (Greek warship)"><i>Karteria</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_local_statutes" title="Greek local statutes">Greek regional councils and statutes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messenian_Senate" title="Messenian Senate">Messenian Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Achaea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Achaea (page does not exist)">Directorate of Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_Senate" title="Peloponnesian Senate">Peloponnesian Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Western_Continental_Greece" title="Senate of Western Continental Greece">Senate of Western Continental Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areopagus_of_Eastern_Continental_Greece" title="Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece">Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provisional_Regime_of_Crete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provisional Regime of Crete (page does not exist)">Provisional Regime of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military-Political_System_of_Samos" title="Military-Political System of Samos">Military-Political System of Samos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_national_assemblies" title="Greek national assemblies">Greek national assemblies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_National_Assembly_at_Epidaurus" title="First National Assembly at Epidaurus">First (Epidaurus)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Executive_of_1822" title="Executive of 1822">Executive of 1822</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_National_Assembly_at_Astros" title="Second National Assembly at Astros">Second (Astros)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_National_Assembly_at_Troezen" title="Third National Assembly at Troezen">Third (Troezen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_National_Assembly_at_Argos" title="Fourth National Assembly at Argos">Fourth (Argos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_National_Assembly_at_Nafplion" title="Fifth National Assembly at Nafplion">Fifth (Nafplion)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">International Conferences,<br />treaties and protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Laibach" title="Congress of Laibach">Congress of Laibach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Verona" title="Congress of Verona">Congress of Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_of_St._Petersburg_(1826)" title="Protocol of St. Petersburg (1826)">Protocol of St. Petersburg (1826)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1827)" title="Treaty of London (1827)">Treaty of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Poros" title="Conference of Poros">Conference of Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Protocol_(1828)" title="London Protocol (1828)">London Protocol of 1828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Protocol_(1829)" title="London Protocol (1829)">London Protocol of 1829</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Adrianople_(1829)" title="Treaty of Adrianople (1829)">Treaty of Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Protocol_(1830)" title="London Protocol (1830)">London Protocol of 1830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1832" title="London Conference of 1832">London Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1832)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1832)">Treaty of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_to_the_Throne_of_Greece_(1822%E2%80%931832)" title="Election to the Throne of Greece (1822–1832)">Proposals for the monarch of Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_expedition_to_Syria_(1825)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek expedition to Syria (1825) (page does not exist)">Greek expedition to Syria (1825)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1828%E2%80%9329)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)">Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #cedff2;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Category:People of the Greek War of Independence">Personalities</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Hellenic_Republic" title="First Hellenic Republic">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chian_Committee" title="Chian Committee">Chian Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Androutsos" title="Odysseas Androutsos">Odysseas Androutsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotos_Bomporis" title="Fotos Bomporis">Fotos Bomporis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostas_Botsaris" title="Kostas Botsaris">Kostas Botsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markos_Botsaris" title="Markos Botsaris">Markos Botsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notis_Botsaris" title="Notis Botsaris">Notis Botsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tousias_Botsaris" title="Tousias Botsaris">Tousias Botsaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laskarina_Bouboulina" title="Laskarina Bouboulina">Laskarina Bouboulina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Denis_Bourbaki" title="Constantin Denis Bourbaki">Constantin Denis Bourbaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Chalis" title="Stefanos Chalis">Stefanos Chalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotiris_Charalampis" title="Sotiris Charalampis">Sotiris Charalampis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giannis_Chondrogiannis" title="Giannis Chondrogiannis">Giannis Chondrogiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Christidis" title="Dimitrios Christidis">Dimitrios Christidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Danglis_(chieftain)" title="Panagiotis Danglis (chieftain)">Panagiotis Danglis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzimichalis_Dalianis" title="Hatzimichalis Dalianis">Hatzimichalis Dalianis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Deligeorgis" title="Dimitrios Deligeorgis">Dimitrios Deligeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrakis_Deligiannis" title="Dimitrakis Deligiannis">Dimitrakis Deligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanellos_Deligiannis" title="Kanellos Deligiannis">Kanellos Deligiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Diakos" title="Athanasios Diakos">Athanasios Diakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysis_Diakos" title="Dionysis Diakos">Dionysis Diakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Dimidis" title="Konstantinos Dimidis">Konstantinos Dimidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Dimoulitsas" title="Ioannis Dimoulitsas">Ioannis Dimoulitsas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Doukas" title="Adam Doukas">Adam Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Drakos" title="Georgios Drakos">Georgios Drakos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiannis_Dyovouniotis" title="Yiannis Dyovouniotis">Yiannis Dyovouniotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Filippopoulos" title="Georgios Filippopoulos">Georgios Filippopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asimakis_Fotilas" title="Asimakis Fotilas">Asimakis Fotilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotakis_Fotilas" title="Panagiotakis Fotilas">Panagiotakis Fotilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelis_Gatsos" title="Angelis Gatsos">Angelis Gatsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Georgantas" title="Antonios Georgantas">Antonios Georgantas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanos_III_of_Old_Patras" title="Germanos III of Old Patras">Germanos III of Old Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Gevidis" title="Georgios Gevidis">Georgios Gevidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Gofas" title="Konstantinos Gofas">Konstantinos Gofas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasileios_Goudas" title="Vasileios Goudas">Vasileios Goudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yannis_Gouras" title="Yannis Gouras">Ioannis Gouras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Gouvelis" title="Dimitrios Gouvelis">Dimitrios Gouvelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Gouvelis_(1780%E2%80%931829)" title="Konstantinos Gouvelis (1780–1829)">Konstantinos Gouvelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelis_Govios" title="Angelis Govios">Angelis Govios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Indares" title="Dimitrios Indares">Dimitrios Indares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_of_Salona" title="Isaiah of Salona">Isaiah of Salona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Kalamogdartis" title="Antonios Kalamogdartis">Antonios Kalamogdartis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kalaras" title="George Kalaras">George Kalaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Kallergis" title="Dimitrios Kallergis">Dimitrios Kallergis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasios_Kampetis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanasios Kampetis (page does not exist)">Athanasios Kampetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Kanakaris" title="Athanasios Kanakaris">Athanasios Kanakaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Kanaris" title="Konstantinos Kanaris">Konstantinos Kanaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Kanellos" title="Stefanos Kanellos">Stefanos Kanellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kapodistrias" title="Ioannis Kapodistrias">Ioannis Kapodistrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaros_Kapodistrias" title="Viaros Kapodistrias">Viaros Kapodistrias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamatios_Kapsas" title="Stamatios Kapsas">Stamatios Kapsas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgakis_Kapsokalyvas" title="Georgakis Kapsokalyvas">Georgakis Kapsokalyvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Karatasos" title="Anastasios Karatasos">Anastasios Karatasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Karatzas" title="Panagiotis Karatzas">Panagiotis Karatzas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Karaiskakis" title="Georgios Karaiskakis">Georgios Karaiskakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristeidis_Karnalis" title="Aristeidis Karnalis">Aristeidis Karnalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kasomoulis" title="Nikolaos Kasomoulis">Nikolaos Kasomoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Kolettis" title="Ioannis Kolettis">Ioannis Kolettis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolis_Kolokotronis" title="Apostolis Kolokotronis">Apostolis Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennaios_Kolokotronis" title="Gennaios Kolokotronis">Ioannis Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panos_Kolokotronis" title="Panos Kolokotronis">Panos Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Kolokotronis" title="Theodoros Kolokotronis">Theodoros Kolokotronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michail_Komninos_Afentoulief" title="Michail Komninos Afentoulief">Michail Komninos Afentoulief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Kontostavlos" title="Alexandros Kontostavlos">Alexandros Kontostavlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panos_Koronaios" title="Panos Koronaios">Panos Koronaios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Kountouriotis" title="Georgios Kountouriotis">Georgios Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazaros_Kountouriotis" title="Lazaros Kountouriotis">Lazaros Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michalis_Kourmoulis" title="Michalis Kourmoulis">Michalis Kourmoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Krestenitis_(elder)" title="Ioannis Krestenitis (elder)">Ioannis Krestenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykourgos_Krestenitis" title="Lykourgos Krestenitis">Lykourgos Krestenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamatis_Krestenitis" title="Stamatis Krestenitis">Stamatis Krestenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Kriezis" title="Antonios Kriezis">Antonios Kriezis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Kriezotis" title="Nikolaos Kriezotis">Nikolaos Kriezotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyprianos_of_Cyprus" title="Kyprianos of Cyprus">Kyprianos of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Lagoumitzis" title="Konstantinos Lagoumitzis">Konstantinos Lagoumitzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Lassanis" title="Georgios Lassanis">Georgios Lassanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Lechouritis" title="Georgios Lechouritis">Georgios Lechouritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardos_Leonardopoulos" title="Leonardos Leonardopoulos">Leonardos Leonardopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Liologlou" title="Georgios Liologlou">Georgios Liologlou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lykourgos_Logothetis" title="Lykourgos Logothetis">Lykourgos Logothetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Londos" title="Andreas Londos">Andreas Londos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiannis_Makriyiannis" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiannis Makriyiannis">Yiannis Makriyiannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Mamouris" title="Ioannis Mamouris">Ioannis Mamouris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Manakis" title="Anastasios Manakis">Anastasios Manakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manto_Mavrogenous" title="Manto Mavrogenous">Manto Mavrogenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Mavrokordatos" title="Alexandros Mavrokordatos">Alexandros Mavrokordatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Mavromichalis" title="Antonios Mavromichalis">Antonios Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Mavromichalis" title="Demetrios Mavromichalis">Demetrios Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Mavromichalis" title="Georgios Mavromichalis">Georgios Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Mavromichalis" title="Konstantinos Mavromichalis">Konstantinos Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakoulis_Mavromichalis_(military_commander)" title="Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis (military commander)">Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrobey_Mavromichalis" title="Petrobey Mavromichalis">Petrobey Mavromichalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Meletopoulos" title="Dimitrios Meletopoulos">Dimitrios Meletopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Metaxas" title="Andreas Metaxas">Andreas Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Metaxas" title="Konstantinos Metaxas">Konstantinos Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzigiannis_Mexis" title="Hatzigiannis Mexis">Hatzigiannis Mexis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Vokos_Miaoulis" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreas Vokos Miaoulis">Andreas Miaoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonios_Miaoulis" title="Antonios Miaoulis">Antonios Miaoulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Michanidis" title="Panagiotis Michanidis">Panagiotis Michanidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyromilios" title="Spyromilios">Spyros Milios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Mykonios" title="Nikolaos Mykonios">Nikolaos Mykonios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachos_Milios" title="Zachos Milios">Zachos Milios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Negris" title="Alexander Negris">Alexander Negris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Negris" title="Konstantinos Negris">Konstantinos Negris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Negris" title="Theodoros Negris">Theodoros Negris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamantis_Nikolaou" title="Diamantis Nikolaou">Diamantis Nikolaou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Nikolopoulos_(composer)" title="Konstantinos Nikolopoulos (composer)">Konstantinos Nikolopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Notaras" title="Ioannis Notaras">Ioannis Notaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonis_Oikonomou" title="Antonis Oikonomou">Antonis Oikonomou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Orlandos" title="Ioannis Orlandos">Ioannis Orlandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Paikos" title="Andronikos Paikos">Andronikos Paikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Panou" title="Georgios Panou">Georgios Panou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Panourgias" title="Dimitrios Panourgias">Dimitrios Panourgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakos_Panourgias" title="Nakos Panourgias">Nakos Panourgias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaflessas" title="Papaflessas">Grigorios Papaflessas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anagnostaras" title="Anagnostaras">Anagnostis Papageorgiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Papanikolis" title="Dimitrios Papanikolis">Dimitrios Papanikolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanouel_Pappas" title="Emmanouel Pappas">Emmanouel Pappas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoforos_Perraivos" title="Christoforos Perraivos">Christoforos Perraivos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Petimezas" title="Nikolaos Petimezas">Nikolaos Petimezas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasileios_Petimezas_(1785%E2%80%931872)" title="Vasileios Petimezas (1785–1872)">Vasileios Petimezas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Petrakis" title="Dionysios Petrakis">Dionysios Petrakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Pipinos" title="Andreas Pipinos">Andreas Pipinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Pittakis" title="Kyriakos Pittakis">Kyriakos Pittakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Polyzoidis" title="Anastasios Polyzoidis">Anastasios Polyzoidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Rados" title="Konstantinos Rados">Konstantinos Rados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Rangos" title="Ioannis Rangos">Ioannis Rangos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagiotis_Rodios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panagiotis Rodios (page does not exist)">Panagiotis Rodios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Romas" title="Dionysios Romas">Dionysios Romas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Sachtouris" title="Georgios Sachtouris">Georgios Sachtouris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Sekeris" title="Georgios Sekeris">Georgios Sekeris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theofanis_Siatisteus" title="Theofanis Siatisteus">Theofanis Siatisteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Sisinis" title="Georgios Sisinis">Georgios Sisinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Skandalidis" title="Ioannis Skandalidis">Ioannis Skandalidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zisis_Sotiriou" title="Zisis Sotiriou">Zisis Sotiriou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikitaras" title="Nikitaras">Nikitas Stamatelopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Stavros" title="Georgios Stavros">Georgios Stavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stephanini" title="Joseph Stephanini">Joseph Stephanini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Stratos" title="Ioannis Stratos">Ioannis Stratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotirios_Theocharopoulos" title="Sotirios Theocharopoulos">Sotirios Theocharopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafeirakis_Theodosiou" title="Zafeirakis Theodosiou">Zafeirakis Theodosiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanouil_Tombazis" title="Emmanouil Tombazis">Emmanouil Tombazis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iakovos_Tombazis" title="Iakovos Tombazis">Iakovos Tombazis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Trikoupis" title="Ioannis Trikoupis">Ioannis Trikoupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Tsamados" title="Anastasios Tsamados">Anastasios Tsamados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchisedek_Tsouderos" title="Melchisedek Tsouderos">Melchisedek Tsouderos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsos_Tzavellas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitsos Tzavellas">Kitsos Tzavellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Tzinis" title="Theodoros Tzinis">Theodoros Tzinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loukas_Vagias" title="Loukas Vagias">Loukas Vagias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanasoulas_Valtinos" title="Thanasoulas Valtinos">Thanasoulas Valtinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrios_Varis" title="Dimitrios Varis">Dimitrios Varis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meletis_Vasileiou" title="Meletis Vasileiou">Meletis Vasileiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domna_Visvizi" title="Domna Visvizi">Domna Visvizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexakis_Vlachopoulos" title="Alexakis Vlachopoulos">Alexakis Vlachopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Vlachopoulos" title="Konstantinos Vlachopoulos">Konstantinos Vlachopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieros_Voidis" title="Pieros Voidis">Pieros Voidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liolios_Xirolivaditis" title="Liolios Xirolivaditis">Liolios Xirolivaditis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Ypsilantis" title="Demetrios Ypsilantis">Demetrios Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoforos_Zachariadis" title="Christoforos Zachariadis">Christoforos Zachariadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Zaimis" title="Andreas Zaimis">Andreas Zaimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanos_Zapheiropoulos" title="Germanos Zapheiropoulos">Germanos Zapheiropoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelos_Zappas" title="Evangelos Zappas">Evangelos Zappas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marigo_Zarafopoula" title="Marigo Zarafopoula">Marigo Zarafopoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaos_Zervas" title="Nikolaos Zervas">Nikolaos Zervas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Philhellenism" title="Philhellenism">Philhellenes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B3nio_Figueira_d%27Almeida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="António Figueira d'Almeida (page does not exist)">António Figueira d'Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Balestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Balestra (page does not exist)">Joseph Balestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Barff" title="Samuel Barff">Samuel Barff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marie_Bonaparte" title="Paul Marie Bonaparte">Paul Marie Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rudolf_Brommy" title="Karl Rudolf Brommy">Karl Rudolf Brommy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">François-René de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Church_(general)" title="Richard Church (general)">Richard Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Chiappe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Chiappe (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Chiappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cochrane,_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald" title="Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald">Lord Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacinto_Collegno" title="Giacinto Collegno">Giacinto Collegno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolas_Fabvier" title="Charles Nicolas Fabvier">Charles Fabvier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Friedel" title="Adam Friedel">Adam Friedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Gallina" title="Vincenzo Gallina">Vincenzo Gallina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gordon_(British_Army_officer)" title="Thomas Gordon (British Army officer)">Thomas Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Guys" title="Constantin Guys">Constantin Guys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Han" title="Emmanuel Han">Emmanuel Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Abney_Hastings" title="Frank Abney Hastings">Frank Abney Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_von_Heideck" title="Carl Wilhelm von Heideck">Carl von Heideck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Gridley_Howe" title="Samuel Gridley Howe">Samuel Gridley Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jarvis_(Philhellene)" title="George Jarvis (Philhellene)">George Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Krazeisen" title="Karl Krazeisen">Karl Krazeisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Nikolai_Kr%C3%B8yer" title="Henrik Nikolai Krøyer">Henrik Nikolai Krøyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig I of Bavaria">Ludwig I of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Michael_Mangel" title="Ernst Michael Mangel">Ernst Michael Mangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_de_Marbois-Lebrun,_Duchess_of_Plaisance" title="Sophie de Marbois-Lebrun, Duchess of Plaisance">Sophie de Marbois-Lebrun, Duchess of Plaisance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasos_Mavrovouniotis" title="Vasos Mavrovouniotis">Vasos Mavrovouniotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Meyer" title="Johann Jakob Meyer">Johann Jakob Meyer</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ellinika_Chronika" title="Ellinika Chronika">Ellinika Chronika</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Miller_(abolitionist)" title="Jonathan Miller (abolitionist)">Jonathan Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Michael_Millingen" title="Julius Michael Millingen">Julius Michael Millingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Myhrberg" title="August Myhrberg">August Myhrberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Normann-Ehrenfels" title="Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels">Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BEi-Prodan" title="Hadži-Prodan">Hadži-Prodan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Persat" title="Maurice Persat">Maurice Persat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_Piscatory" title="Theobald Piscatory">Theobald Piscatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois-Maxime_Raybaud" title="Jean-François-Maxime Raybaud">Maxime Raybaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Regnaud_de_Saint-Jean_d%27Ang%C3%A9ly" title="Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély">Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Rosaroll" title="Giuseppe Rosaroll">Giuseppe Rosaroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annibale_Santorre_di_Rossi_de_Pomarolo,_Count_of_Santarosa" title="Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa">Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Thiersch" title="Friedrich Thiersch">Friedrich Thiersch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Hilarion_Touret" title="Auguste Hilarion Touret">Auguste Hilarion Touret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_John_Trelawny" title="Edward John Trelawny">Edward John Trelawny</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Legion_(Philhellenes)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Legion (Philhellenes) (page does not exist)">German Legion</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="el:Γερμανική Λεγεώνα">el</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_volunteers_in_the_Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Serb volunteers in the Greek War of Independence">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Urquhart" title="David Urquhart">David Urquhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Voutier" title="Olivier Voutier">Olivier Voutier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Jakob_Williams" title="James Jakob Williams">James Jakob Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Danubian_Principalities" title="Danubian Principalities">Danubian Principalities</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Band_(1821)" title="Sacred Band (1821)">Sacred Band</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanasios_Agrafiotis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanasios Agrafiotis (page does not exist)">Athanasios Agrafiotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Christopoulos" title="Anastasios Christopoulos">Anastasios Christopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamandi_Djuvara" title="Diamandi Djuvara">Diamandi Djuvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanos_Kanellos" title="Stefanos Kanellos">Stefanos Kanellos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandros_Kantakouzinos" title="Alexandros Kantakouzinos">Alexandros Kantakouzinos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgios_Kantakouzinos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgios Kantakouzinos (page does not exist)">Georgios Kantakouzinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallou_Karatza" title="Rallou Karatza">Rallou Karatza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamatios_Kleanthis" title="Stamatios Kleanthis">Stamatios Kleanthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Lassanis" title="Georgios Lassanis">Georgios Lassanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Levidis" title="Constantine Levidis">Constantine Levidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Macedonski" title="Dimitrie Macedonski">Dimitrie Macedonski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Manakis" title="Anastasios Manakis">Anastasios Manakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgakis_Olympios" title="Giorgakis Olympios">Giorgakis Olympios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiannis_Pharmakis" title="Yiannis Pharmakis">Yiannis Pharmakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Soutzos" title="Michael Soutzos">Michael Soutzos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxani_Soutzos" title="Roxani Soutzos">Roxani Soutzos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasios_Tsakalov" title="Athanasios Tsakalov">Athanasios Tsakalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Vladimirescu" title="Tudor Vladimirescu">Tudor Vladimirescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Xenokratis" title="Konstantinos Xenokratis">Konstantinos Xenokratis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ypsilantis" title="Alexander Ypsilantis">Alexander Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrios_Ypsilantis" title="Demetrios Ypsilantis">Demetrios Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaos_Ypsilantis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaos Ypsilantis (page does not exist)">Nikolaos Ypsilantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoforos_Zachariadis" title="Christoforos Zachariadis">Christoforos Zachariadis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Algeria">Algeria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_the_Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty">Egypt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Sultan Mahmud II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurshid_Pasha" title="Hurshid Pasha">Hurshid Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasuhzade_Ali_Pasha" title="Nasuhzade Ali Pasha">Nasuhzade Ali Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismael_Gibraltar" title="Ismael Gibraltar">Ismael Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omer_Vrioni" title="Omer Vrioni">Omer Vrioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Mehmet_(Kapudan_Pasha)" title="Kara Mehmet (Kapudan Pasha)">Kara Mehmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Dramali_Pasha" title="Mahmud Dramali Pasha">Mahmud Dramali Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koca_H%C3%BCsrev_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha">Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re%C5%9Fid_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Reşid Mehmed Pasha">Reşid Mehmed Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yussuf_Pasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yussuf Pasha (page does not exist)">Yussuf Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Pasha_of_Egypt" title="Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt">Ibrahim Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soliman_Pasha_al-Faransawi" title="Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi">Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">George Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_Canning,_1st_Viscount_Stratford_de_Redcliffe" title="Stratford Canning, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe">Stratford Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Codrington" title="Edward Codrington">Edward Codrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Rigny" title="Henri de Rigny">Henri de Rigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodewijk_van_Heiden" title="Lodewijk van Heiden">Lodewijk van Heiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I of Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Financial aid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Philhellenic_Committee" title="London Philhellenic Committee">London Philhellenic Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig I of Bavaria">Ludwig I of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Gabriel_Eynard" title="Jean-Gabriel Eynard">Jean-Gabriel Eynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazaros_Kountouriotis" title="Lazaros Kountouriotis">Lazaros Kountouriotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Papafis" title="Ioannis Papafis">Ioannis Papafis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Stavros" title="Georgios Stavros">Georgios Stavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Varvakis" title="Ioannis Varvakis">Ioannis Varvakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothschild_%26_Co" title="Rothschild & Co">Rothschild & Co</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Morea_expedition" title="Morea expedition">Morea expedition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Joseph_Maison" title="Nicolas Joseph Maison">Nicolas Joseph Maison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Simon_Durrieu" title="Antoine Simon Durrieu">Antoine Simon Durrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Virgile_Schneider" title="Antoine Virgile Schneider">Antoine Virgile Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Regnaud_de_Saint-Jean_d%27Ang%C3%A9ly" title="Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély">Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Alphonse_Tr%C3%A9zel" title="Camille Alphonse Trézel">Camille Alphonse Trézel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2; text-align:center;;width:1%">Scientific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Bory_de_Saint-Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent">Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on-Jean-Joseph_Dubois" title="Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois">Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Peytier" title="Pierre Peytier">Pierre Peytier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamatis_Voulgaris" title="Stamatis Voulgaris">Stamatis Voulgaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Abel_Blouet" title="Guillaume-Abel Blouet">Guillaume-Abel Blouet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bibron" title="Gabriel Bibron">Gabriel Bibron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosper_Baccuet" title="Prosper Baccuet">Prosper Baccuet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Emmanuel_Amaury_Duval" title="Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval">Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Narcisse_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Pierre-Narcisse Guérin">Pierre-Narcisse Guérin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lenormant" title="Charles Lenormant">Charles Lenormant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Quinet" title="Edgar Quinet">Edgar Quinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Historians/Memoirists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="el:Δημήτριος Αινιάν">Dimitrios Ainian</a></li> <li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Φώτιος Χρυσανθόπουλος">Fotis Chrysanthopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Filimon" title="Ioannis Filimon">Ioannis Filimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Finlay" title="George Finlay">George Finlay</a></li> <li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B2%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%82_(%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B2%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82)" class="extiw" title="el:Αμβρόσιος Φραντζής (πρεσβύτερος)"> Ambrosios Frantzis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambros_Koutsonikas" title="Lambros Koutsonikas">Lambros Koutsonikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Metaxas" title="Konstantinos Metaxas">Konstantinos Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoutsos_Notaras" title="Panoutsos Notaras">Panoutsos Notaras</a></li> <li><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%83%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Παναγιώτης Παπατσώνης">Panagiotis Papatsonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Polyzoidis" title="Anastasios Polyzoidis">Anastasios Polyzoidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Tertsetis" title="Georgios Tertsetis">Georgios Tertsetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyridon_Trikoupis" title="Spyridon Trikoupis">Spyridon Trikoupis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Dupr%C3%A9_(painter)" title="Louis Dupré (painter)">Louis Dupré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_von_Hess" title="Peter von Hess">Peter von Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pouqueville" title="François Pouqueville">François Pouqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Krazeisen" title="Karl Krazeisen">Karl Krazeisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Kalvos" title="Andreas Kalvos">Andreas Kalvos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Solomos" title="Dionysios Solomos">Dionysios Solomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodoros_Vryzakis" title="Theodoros Vryzakis">Theodoros Vryzakis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hellas_(poem)" title="Hellas (poem)">Hellas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reception_of_Lord_Byron_at_Missolonghi" title="The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi">The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greece_on_the_Ruins_of_Missolonghi" title="Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi">Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_si%C3%A8ge_de_Corinthe" title="Le siège de Corinthe">Le siège de Corinthe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Massacre_at_Chios" title="The Massacre at Chios">The Massacre at Chios</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Free_Besieged" title="The Free Besieged">The Free Besieged</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Hymn to Liberty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Archipelago_on_Fire" title="The Archipelago on Fire">The Archipelago on Fire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loukis_Laras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loukis Laras (page does not exist)">Loukis Laras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Athanasios_Diakos" title="The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos">The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #cedff2;;width:1%;text-align:center;">Remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>25 March (Independence Day)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_to_Liberty" title="Hymn to Liberty">Hymn to Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleftheria_i_thanatos" title="Eleftheria i thanatos">Eleftheria i thanatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedion_tou_Areos" title="Pedion tou Areos">Pedion tou Areos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylaea_(Munich)" title="Propylaea (Munich)">Propylaea (Munich)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garden_of_Heroes_(Missolonghi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi) (page does not exist)">Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Phalanx" title="Royal Phalanx">Royal Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evzones" title="Evzones">Evzones</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidential_Guard_(Greece)" title="Presidential Guard (Greece)">Presidential Guard</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chios_massacre&oldid=1259264916">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chios_massacre&oldid=1259264916</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1822_in_Greece" title="Category:1822 in 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