CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Iberian Romance languages - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"de0c64f1-ce41-4944-b056-bea93f914848","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Iberian_Romance_languages","wgTitle":"Iberian Romance languages","wgCurRevisionId":1259627244,"wgRevisionId":1259627244,"wgArticleId":300247,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Pages with plain IPA","Articles that may contain original research from April 2023","All articles that may contain original research","Iberian Romance languages","Languages of Spain","Languages of Portugal"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Iberian_Romance_languages", "wgRelevantArticleId":300247,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Iberian_Romance","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Iberian_Romance_languages","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q749533", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP" ,"ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Iberian Romance languages - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Romance_languages"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Romance_languages"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Iberian_Romance_languages rootpage-Iberian_Romance_languages skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Iberian+Romance+languages" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Iberian+Romance+languages" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Iberian+Romance+languages" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Iberian+Romance+languages" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origins_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origins and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Common_traits_between_Portuguese,_Spanish_and_Catalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_traits_between_Portuguese,_Spanish_and_Catalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Common traits between Portuguese, Spanish and Catalan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Common_traits_between_Portuguese,_Spanish_and_Catalan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Common traits between Portuguese, Spanish and Catalan subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Common_traits_between_Portuguese,_Spanish_and_Catalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Between_Portuguese,_Spanish_and_Catalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Between_Portuguese,_Spanish_and_Catalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Between Portuguese, Spanish and Catalan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Between_Portuguese,_Spanish_and_Catalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phonetic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonetic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Phonetic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonetic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Semantic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semantic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Semantic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semantic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Between_Spanish_and_Catalan,_but_not_Portuguese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Between_Spanish_and_Catalan,_but_not_Portuguese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Between Spanish and Catalan, but not Portuguese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Between_Spanish_and_Catalan,_but_not_Portuguese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phonetic_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonetic_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Phonetic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonetic_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Between_Spanish_and_Portuguese,_but_not_Catalan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Between_Spanish_and_Portuguese,_but_not_Catalan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Between Spanish and Portuguese, but not Catalan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Between_Spanish_and_Portuguese,_but_not_Catalan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phonetic_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonetic_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Phonetic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonetic_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Grammatical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grammatical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Between_Portuguese_and_Catalan,_but_not_Spanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Between_Portuguese_and_Catalan,_but_not_Spanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Between Portuguese and Catalan, but not Spanish</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Between_Portuguese_and_Catalan,_but_not_Spanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phonetic_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonetic_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Phonetic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonetic_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statuses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statuses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Statuses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statuses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Iberian Romance languages</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_iberorromanicas" title="Luengas iberorromanicas – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas iberorromanicas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberorrom%C3%A1nicu" title="Iberorrománicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Iberorrománicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Ібера-раманскія мовы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ібера-раманскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Ибероромански езици – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ибероромански езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_iberorom%C3%A0niques" title="Llengües iberoromàniques – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües iberoromàniques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberoromanische_Sprachen" title="Iberoromanische Sprachen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iberoromanische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberoromaani_keeled" title="Iberoromaani keeled – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iberoromaani keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B2%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ιβηρορομανικές γλώσσες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιβηρορομανικές γλώσσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_iberorromances" title="Lenguas iberorromances – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas iberorromances" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibero-latinida_lingvaro" title="Ibero-latinida lingvaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ibero-latinida lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_iberu-romancis" title="Luengas iberu-romancis – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Luengas iberu-romancis" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizkuntza_ibero-erromantzeak" title="Hizkuntza ibero-erromantzeak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntza ibero-erromantzeak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های ایبرو-رومی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های ایبرو-رومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_ib%C3%A9ro-romanes" title="Langues ibéro-romanes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues ibéro-romanes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_iberorrom%C3%A1nicas" title="Linguas iberorrománicas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas iberorrománicas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%9D%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="이베리아로망스어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이베리아로망스어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberoromanski_jezici" title="Iberoromanski jezici – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Iberoromanski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibero-Latinida_linguaro" title="Ibero-Latinida linguaro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ibero-Latinida linguaro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Roman_Iberia" title="Rumpun bahasa Roman Iberia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Roman Iberia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dber%C3%B3r%C3%B3m%C3%B6nsk_m%C3%A1l" title="Íberórómönsk mál – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íberórómönsk mál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_ibero-romanze" title="Lingue ibero-romanze – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue ibero-romanze" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_%C3%AEberoroman%C3%AE" title="Zimanên îberoromanî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanên îberoromanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iber%C5%B3-roman%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Iberų-romanų kalbos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Iberų-romanų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberorom%C3%A1n_nyelvek" title="Iberoromán nyelvek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Iberoromán nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Ибероромански јазици – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ибероромански јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_iber%C3%B4-r%C3%B4mana" title="Fiteny iberô-rômana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny iberô-rômana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%99%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="イベロ・ロマンス語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イベロ・ロマンス語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberoromaans_spriaken" title="Iberoromaans spriaken – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Iberoromaans spriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberoromanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Iberoromanske språk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iberoromanske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_iberoromanicas" title="Lengas iberoromanicas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas iberoromanicas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_zachodnioroma%C5%84skie" title="Języki zachodnioromańskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki zachodnioromańskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_ibero-rom%C3%A2nicas" title="Línguas ibero-românicas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas ibero-românicas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_ibero-romanice" title="Limbi ibero-romanice – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi ibero-romanice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Иберо-романские языки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иберо-романские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian_Romance_languages" title="Iberian Romance languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iberian Romance languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberoromaaniset_kielet" title="Iberoromaaniset kielet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iberoromaaniset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberoromanska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Iberoromanska språk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iberoromanska språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ber-Romen_dilleri" title="İber-Romen dilleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İber-Romen dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Іберо-романські мови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іберо-романські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="آئبیری رومنی زبانیں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئبیری رومنی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Iberia-R%C3%B4man" title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Iberia-Rôman – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Iberia-Rôman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="伊比利亞羅曼語 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊比利亞羅曼語" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%85%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="伊比利亞羅曼語支 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊比利亞羅曼語支" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q749533#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Romance_languages" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Iberian_Romance_languages" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Romance_languages"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Romance_languages"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Iberian_Romance_languages" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Iberian_Romance_languages" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&oldid=1259627244" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Iberian_Romance_languages&id=1259627244&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIberian_Romance_languages"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIberian_Romance_languages"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iberorromance_languages" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q749533" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian Romance">Iberian Romance</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Romance languages developed on the Iberian Peninsula</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #c9ffd9;">Iberian Romance</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Ibero-Romance, Iberian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographic<br />distribution</th><td class="infobox-data">Originally <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalonia" title="Northern Catalonia">French Catalonia</a>; now worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Linguistic classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Italic_languages" title="Italic languages">Italic</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Latino-Faliscan_languages" title="Latino-Faliscan languages">Latino-Faliscan</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Western_languages" title="Italo-Western languages">Italo-Western</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Romance_languages" title="Western Romance languages">Western Romance</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><b>Iberian Romance</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">Valencian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Iberian_languages" title="West Iberian languages">West Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andalusi_Romance" title="Andalusi Romance">Mozarabic</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/sout3183">sout3183</a></code></samp>  <span class="nowrap">(Shifted Iberian)</span><br /><samp><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/unsh1234">unsh1234</a></samp>  <span class="nowrap">(Aragonese–Mozarabic)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Iberian Romance</b>, <b>Ibero-Romance</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or sometimes <b>Iberian languages</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a group of <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a> that developed on the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>, an area consisting primarily of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalonia" title="Northern Catalonia">French Catalonia</a>. They are today more commonly separated into <a href="/wiki/West_Iberian_languages" title="West Iberian languages">West Iberian</a>, East Iberian (<a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">Valencian</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Andalusi_Romance" title="Andalusi Romance">Mozarabic</a> language groups. East Iberian's classification is a subject of ongoing scholarly debate, as some argue that the <a href="/wiki/Occitano-Romance_languages" title="Occitano-Romance languages">Occitano-Romance languages</a> composed of <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> along with the aforementioned two are better classified as <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Romance_languages" title="Gallo-Romance languages">Gallo-Romance languages</a>. </p><p>Evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a> of Iberia, the most widely spoken Iberian Romance languages are <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan-Valencian-Balear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These languages also have their own regional and local varieties. Based on <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutual intelligibility</a>, Dalby counts seven "outer" languages, or language groups: <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asturleonese" class="mw-redirect" title="Asturleonese">Asturleonese</a>, "Wider"-<a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a>, "Wider"-<a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Provençal+Lengadocian</a>, and "Wider"-<a href="/wiki/Gascon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gascon language">Gascon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalby_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalby-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to those languages, there are a number of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-based_creole_languages" title="Portuguese-based creole languages">Portuguese-based creole languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish-based_creole_languages" title="Spanish-based creole languages">Spanish-based creole languages</a>, for instance <a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamento</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_development">Origins and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif/350px-Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif" decoding="async" width="350" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif/525px-Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif/700px-Linguistic_map_Southwestern_Europe-en.gif 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Linguistic map of southwestern Europe</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Spanish_language" title="History of the Spanish language">History of the Spanish language</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portuguese" title="History of Portuguese">History of Portuguese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Catalan" title="History of Catalan">History of Catalan</a></div> <p>Like all Romance languages,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Iberian Romance languages descend from <a href="/wiki/Vulgar_Latin" title="Vulgar Latin">Vulgar Latin</a>, the nonstandard (in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a>) form of the Latin language spoken by soldiers and merchants throughout the Roman Empire. With the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Campaign history of the Roman military">expansion of the empire</a>, Vulgar Latin came to be spoken by inhabitants of the various Roman-controlled territories. Latin and its descendants have been spoken in Iberia since the <a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a>, when the Romans conquered the territory<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see <a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman conquest of Hispania">Roman conquest of Hispania</a>). </p><p>The modern Iberian Romance languages were formed roughly through the following process: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Romanization_(cultural)" title="Romanization (cultural)">Romanization</a> of the local Iberian population.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The diversification of Latin spoken in Iberia, with slight differences depending on location.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>The break up of Ibero-Romance into several dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><div style="display:inline" class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap">Ibero-Romance  </span></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><div style="display:inline" class="nowrap"> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Old_Leonese_language" title="Old Leonese language">Old Leonese</a>  </span></div> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a> <small>(ast)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Leonese_language" title="Leonese language">Leonese</a> <small>(mwl)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Mirandese_language" title="Mirandese language">Mirandese</a> <small>(mwl)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Castillian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Castillian language">Old-Castillian</a>   </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> <small>(spa)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a>   </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <small>(por)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a> <small>(glg)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Xalimego_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Xalimego language">Xalimego</a> <small>(fax)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li>Development of <a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Spanish language">Old Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Leonese_language" title="Old Leonese language">Old Leonese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" title="Navarro-Aragonese">Navarro-Aragonese</a> (the <a href="/wiki/West_Iberian_languages" title="West Iberian languages">West Iberian languages</a>) and early <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan language</a> from Latin between the eighth and tenth centuries. The genetic classification of early Navarro-Aragonese, Catalan, and Occitan is unsettled. Some scholars place them within Ibero-Romance (hence they would be <b><a href="/wiki/East_Iberian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="East Iberian languages">East Iberian</a></b>), others place them instead within <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Romance" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Romance">Gallo-Romance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aragonese is further disputed between the East and West Iberian groups.</li> <li>Further development into modern Spanish, Portuguese, Aragonese, Asturleonese, Galician, Catalan (see <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Iberia">languages of Iberia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Spain" title="Languages of Spain">languages of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Portugal" title="Languages of Portugal">languages of Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Andorra" title="Languages of Andorra">languages of Andorra</a>) between the fifteenth and twentieth centuries.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Common_traits_between_Portuguese,_Spanish_and_Catalan"><span id="Common_traits_between_Portuguese.2C_Spanish_and_Catalan"></span>Common traits between Portuguese, Spanish and Catalan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Common traits between Portuguese, Spanish and Catalan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This list points to common traits of these Iberian subsets, especially when compared to the other Romance languages in general. Thus, changes such as Catalan <b>vuit/huit</b> and Portuguese <b>oito</b> vs. Spanish <b>ocho</b> are not shown here, as the change -it- > -ch- is exclusive to Spanish among the Iberian Romance languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Between_Portuguese,_Spanish_and_Catalan"><span id="Between_Portuguese.2C_Spanish_and_Catalan"></span>Between Portuguese, Spanish and Catalan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Between Portuguese, Spanish and Catalan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Phonetic">Phonetic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonetic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The length difference between r/rr is preserved through phonetic means as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɾ]</span>/<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[r]</span>, so that the second consonant in words such as <b>caro</b> and <b>carro</b> are not the same in any of the three.</li> <li>Latin U remains <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[u]</span> and is not changed to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[y]</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Semantic">Semantic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Semantic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Iberian Romance languages all maintain a complete <a href="/wiki/Copula_(linguistics)#Essence_vs._state" title="Copula (linguistics)">essence-state distinction</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romance_copula" title="Romance copula">the copula</a> (the verb "to be"). The "essence" form (Portuguese and Spanish <i>ser</i> and Catalan <i>ser</i> and <i>ésser</i>) is derived in whole or in part from the Latin <i>sum</i> (the Latin copula), while the "state" form (<i>estar</i> in all three languages) is derived from the Latin <i>stāre</i> ("to stand").</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Between_Spanish_and_Catalan,_but_not_Portuguese"><span id="Between_Spanish_and_Catalan.2C_but_not_Portuguese"></span>Between Spanish and Catalan, but not Portuguese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Between Spanish and Catalan, but not Portuguese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Phonetic_2">Phonetic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Phonetic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The distinction between Latin short <i>-n-</i>, <i>-l-</i> and long <i>-nn-</i>, <i>-ll-</i> was preserved by means of palatalizing <i>-nn-</i>, <i>-ll-</i> to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɲ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ʎ/</span>, as in Latin <i>annum</i> > Spanish <i>año</i>, Catalan <i>any</i> vs. Latin <i>manum</i> > Spanish <i>mano</i>, Old Calatan <i>man</i> (modern Catalan <i>mà</i>). This also affects some initial L in Catalan. However, in most dialects of Spanish, original <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʎ/</span> has become delateralized. Portuguese maintains the distinction, but in a different way; compare <i>ano</i> vs. <i>mão</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Between_Spanish_and_Portuguese,_but_not_Catalan"><span id="Between_Spanish_and_Portuguese.2C_but_not_Catalan"></span>Between Spanish and Portuguese, but not Catalan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Between Spanish and Portuguese, but not Catalan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Phonetic_3">Phonetic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Phonetic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Initial Latin CL/FL/PL are palatalized further than in Standard Italian, and become indistinguishable (to CH in Portuguese and LL in Spanish).</li> <li>Final e/o remains (although its pronunciation changed in Portuguese, and some dialects drop final E).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grammatical">Grammatical</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Grammatical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The synthetic preterite, inherited from earlier stages of Latin, remains the main past tense.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Between_Portuguese_and_Catalan,_but_not_Spanish"><span id="Between_Portuguese_and_Catalan.2C_but_not_Spanish"></span>Between Portuguese and Catalan, but not Spanish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Between Portuguese and Catalan, but not Spanish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Phonetic_4">Phonetic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Phonetic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Velarized L <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ]</span>, which <a href="/wiki/Latin_spelling_and_pronunciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin spelling and pronunciation">existed</a> in Latin, is preserved at the end of syllables, and was later generalized to all positions in most dialects of both languages.</li> <li>Stressed Latin e/o, both open and closed, is preserved so and does not become a <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthong</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statuses">Statuses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Statuses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Politically (not linguistically), there are four major officially recognised Iberian Romance languages: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></b> (see <a href="/wiki/Names_given_to_the_Spanish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Names given to the Spanish language">names given to the Spanish language</a>), is the national and <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> of <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_Spanish_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where Spanish is an official language">21 countries</a>, including Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spanish is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers" title="List of languages by total number of speakers">fourth-most widely spoken</a> language in the world, with over 570 total million speakers, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers" title="List of languages by number of native speakers">second-most widely spoken <i>native</i> language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a number of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dialects_and_varieties" title="Spanish dialects and varieties">dialects and varieties</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></b>, official language in <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Portuguese_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Portuguese is an official language">nine countries</a> including Portugal and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. After Spanish, Portuguese is the second most widely spoken Romance language in the world with over 250 million speakers, currently ranked seventh by number of native speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_dialects" title="Portuguese dialects">Portuguese dialects</a> exist outside of the <a href="/wiki/European_Portuguese" title="European Portuguese">European standard</a> spoken in Portugal.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a></b> is the official language in <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and co-official in the Spanish autonomous communities of <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a> (where it is known as <b><a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">Valencian</a></b>), and the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Alghero" title="Alghero">Alghero</a>. It is also spoken in the French department of <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalonia" title="Northern Catalonia">Northern Catalonia</a>) without official recognition. Catalan is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the two languages having been treated as one in studies by Occitanist linguists (such as <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bec" title="Pierre Bec">Pierre Bec</a>, or more recently Domergue Sumien). When not treated as one, the two languages are widely classified together as <a href="/wiki/Occitano-Romance_languages" title="Occitano-Romance languages">Occitano-Romance languages</a>, a group which is itself sometimes grouped with the <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Romance_languages" title="Gallo-Romance languages">Gallo-Romance languages</a>. Catalan has two main dialectal branches (Eastern and Western Catalan) and several subdialects, and is spoken by about 10 million people (ranking the seventy-fifth most spoken language in the world),<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mostly in five variants: <a href="/wiki/Central_Catalan" title="Central Catalan">Central Catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalan" title="Northern Catalan">Northern Catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Catalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Catalan">Northwestern Catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencian_language" title="Valencian language">Valencian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balearic_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Balearic dialect">Balearic</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></b>, co-official in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> and also spoken in adjacent western parts of <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a>. Closely related to <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, with Spanish influence.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It shares the same origin as Portuguese, from the medieval <a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a>. Modern Galician is spoken by around 3.2 million people and is ranked 160th by number of speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Additionally, <b><a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a></b> (dialect of Asturleonese), although not an official language,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous community</a> of <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>. It is one of the Asturleonese dialects along with <b><a href="/wiki/Mirandese_language" title="Mirandese language">Mirandese</a></b>, which in Portugal holds an official status as a minority language.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ibero-Romance.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ibero-Romance.PNG/500px-Ibero-Romance.PNG" decoding="async" width="500" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ibero-Romance.PNG/750px-Ibero-Romance.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ibero-Romance.PNG/1000px-Ibero-Romance.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Ibero-Romance languages around the world</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> The Iberian Romance languages are a conventional group of Romance languages. Many authors use the term in a geographical sense although they are not necessarily a phylogenetic group (the languages grouped as Iberian Romance may not all directly descend from a common ancestor). Phylogenetically, there is disagreement about what languages should be considered within the Iberian Romance group; for example, some authors consider that East Iberian, also called Occitano-Romance, could be more closely related to languages of northern Italy (or also Franco-Provençal, the langues d'oïl and Rhaeto-Romance). A common conventional geographical grouping is the following: </p> <ul><li>East Iberian</li> <li>West Iberian</li></ul> <p>Daggers (†) indicate extinct languages </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>Iberian Romance languages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occitano-Romance_languages" title="Occitano-Romance languages">East Iberian</a> (alternatively classified as <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Romance_languages" title="Gallo-Romance languages">Gallo-Romance languages</a>) <ul><li>Catalanic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Catalan" title="Judaeo-Catalan">Judaeo-Catalan</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>Occitanic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vivaro-Alpine_dialect" title="Vivaro-Alpine dialect">Gardiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuadit" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuadit">Shuadit</a>†</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Iberian_languages" title="West Iberian languages">West Iberian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astur-Leonese_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Astur-Leonese languages">Asturleonese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantabrian dialect">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremaduran_language" title="Extremaduran language">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonese_language" title="Leonese language">Leonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirandese_language" title="Mirandese language">Mirandese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilian languages">Castilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician-Portuguese">Galician-Portuguese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fala_language" title="Fala language">Fala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Portuguese" title="Judaeo-Portuguese">Judaeo-Portuguese</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrenean%E2%80%93Mozarabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrenean–Mozarabic">Pyrenean–Mozarabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navarro-Aragonese" title="Navarro-Aragonese">Navarro-Aragonese</a>† <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Aragonese" title="Judaeo-Aragonese">Judaeo-Aragonese</a>†</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarrese_dialect" title="Navarrese dialect">Navarrese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozarabic language">Mozarabic</a>†</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Iberia">Languages of Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barranquenho" title="Barranquenho">Barranquenho</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Iberian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian languages">Iberian languages</a> is also used as a more inclusive term for all languages spoken on the Iberian Peninsula, which in antiquity included the non-Indo-European <a href="/wiki/Iberian_language" title="Iberian language">Iberian language</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPharies2007" class="citation book cs1">Pharies, David A. (2007). <i>A Brief History of the Spanish Language</i>. University of Chicago Press. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-66683-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-66683-9"><bdi>978-0-226-66683-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Spanish+Language&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-226-66683-9&rft.aulast=Pharies&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807023956/http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size">"Ethnologue: Statistical Summaries"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size">the original</a> on 2011-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Statistical+Summaries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.org%2Fethno_docs%2Fdistribution.asp%3Fby%3Dsize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalby-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dalby_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalby2000" class="citation book cs1">Dalby, David (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linguasphere.info/lcontao/tl_files/pdf/master/OL-SITE%201999-2000%20MASTER%20ONE%20Sectors%205-Zones%2050-54.pdf">"5=Indo-European phylosector"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linguasphere.info/?page=chain&id_chain=1017077"><i>The Linguasphere register of the world's languages and speech communities</i></a>. Vol. 2. Oxford: Observatoire Linguistique, Linguasphere Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5%3DIndo-European+phylosector&rft.btitle=The+Linguasphere+register+of+the+world%27s+languages+and+speech+communities.&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Observatoire+Linguistique%2C+Linguasphere+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Dalby&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linguasphere.info%2Flcontao%2Ftl_files%2Fpdf%2Fmaster%2FOL-SITE%25201999-2000%2520MASTER%2520ONE%2520Sectors%25205-Zones%252050-54.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomason2001" class="citation book cs1">Thomason, Sarah (2001). <i>Language Contact</i>. Georgetown University Press. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87840-854-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87840-854-2"><bdi>978-0-87840-854-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Contact&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-87840-854-2&rft.aulast=Thomason&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownOgilvie2008" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Keith; Ogilvie, Sarah (2008). <i>Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World</i>. Elsevier Science. p. 1020. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-087774-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-087774-7"><bdi>978-0-08-087774-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Languages+of+the+World&rft.pages=1020&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-08-087774-7&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Ogilvie%2C+Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenny2002" class="citation book cs1">Penny, Ralph (2002). <i>A History of the Spanish Language</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-01184-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-01184-6"><bdi>978-0-521-01184-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Spanish+Language&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-01184-6&rft.aulast=Penny&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPenny2002">Penny (2002)</a>, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEthnologue:_Languages_of_the_World,_Sixteenth_edition2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=1719-16">"Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indo-European%2C+Italic%2C+Romance%2C+Italo-Western%2C+Western%2C+Gallo-Iberian%2C+Ibero-Romance%2C+West+Iberian&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World%2C+Sixteenth+edition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_family.asp%3Fsubid%3D1719-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurell2001" class="citation book cs1">Turell, M. Teresa (2001). <i>Multilingualism in Spain: Sociolinguistic and Psycholinguistic Aspects of Linguistic Minority Groups</i>. Multilingual Matters. p. 591. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85359-491-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85359-491-5"><bdi>978-1-85359-491-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multilingualism+in+Spain%3A+Sociolinguistic+and+Psycholinguistic+Aspects+of+Linguistic+Minority+Groups&rft.pages=591&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-85359-491-5&rft.aulast=Turell&rft.aufirst=M.+Teresa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabo_AseguinolazaAbuín_GonzalezDomínguez2010" class="citation book cs1">Cabo Aseguinolaza, Fernando; Abuín Gonzalez, Anxo; Domínguez, César (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9NB0cialptcC&pg=PA339"><i>A Comparative History of Literatures in the Iberian Peninsula</i></a>. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 339–40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-272-3457-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-272-3457-5"><bdi>978-90-272-3457-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Comparative+History+of+Literatures+in+the+Iberian+Peninsula&rft.pages=339-40&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-272-3457-5&rft.aulast=Cabo+Aseguinolaza&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft.au=Abu%C3%ADn+Gonzalez%2C+Anxo&rft.au=Dom%C3%ADnguez%2C+C%C3%A9sar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9NB0cialptcC%26pg%3DPA339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapesa1968" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lapesa, Rafael (1968). <i>Historia de la lengua española (7th ed.)</i> (in Spanish). Gredos. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-249-0072-3" title="Special:BookSources/84-249-0072-3"><bdi>84-249-0072-3</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-249-0073-1" title="Special:BookSources/84-249-0073-1">84-249-0073-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+lengua+espa%C3%B1ola+%287th+ed.%29&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Gredos&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=84-249-0072-3&rft.aulast=Lapesa&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proel.org/index.php?pagina=mundo/indoeuro/italico/romance/iberorromance/espanol">"Lengua Española o Castellana"</a>. <i>Promotora Española de Lingüística</i> (in Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Promotora+Espa%C3%B1ola+de+Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica&rft.atitle=Lengua+Espa%C3%B1ola+o+Castellana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.proel.org%2Findex.php%3Fpagina%3Dmundo%2Findoeuro%2Fitalico%2Fromance%2Fiberorromance%2Fespanol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807023956/http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size#3">"Ethnologue: Table 3. Languages with at least 3 million first-language speakers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size#3">the original</a> on 2011-08-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Table+3.+Languages+with+at+least+3+million+first-language+speakers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.org%2Fethno_docs%2Fdistribution.asp%3Fby%3Dsize%233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Ethnologue</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andorramania.com/constit_gb.htm">Constitution of Andorra</a> (Article 2.1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bec" title="Pierre Bec">Bec, Pierre</a> (1973), <i>Manuel pratique d'occitan moderne</i>, coll. Connaissance des langues, Paris: Picard</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sumien, Domergue (2006), <i>La standardisation pluricentrique de l'occitan: nouvel enjeu sociolinguistique, développement du lexique et de la morphologie</i>, coll. Publications de l'Association Internationale d'Études Occitanes, Turnhout: Brepols</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers-Scotton2005" class="citation book cs1">Myers-Scotton, Carol (2005). <i>Multiple Voices: An Introduction to Bilingualism</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-21937-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-21937-8"><bdi>978-0-631-21937-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Multiple+Voices%3A+An+Introduction+to+Bilingualism&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-631-21937-8&rft.aulast=Myers-Scotton&rft.aufirst=Carol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ethnologue</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosner1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Posner" title="Rebecca Posner">Posner, Rebecca</a> (1996). <i>The Romance Languages</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-28139-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-28139-3"><bdi>978-0-521-28139-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Romance+Languages&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-28139-3&rft.aulast=Posner&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elcomerciodigital.com/gijon/20090112/local/asturias/miembro-andecha-astur-enfrenta-200901121726.html">"La jueza a Fernando González: 'No puede usted hablar en la lengua que le dé la gana'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>El Comercio</i>. 12 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Comercio&rft.atitle=La+jueza+a+Fernando+Gonz%C3%A1lez%3A+%27No+puede+usted+hablar+en+la+lengua+que+le+d%C3%A9+la+gana%27&rft.date=2009-01-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcomerciodigital.com%2Fgijon%2F20090112%2Flocal%2Fasturias%2Fmiembro-andecha-astur-enfrenta-200901121726.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIberian+Romance+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uoc.edu/euromosaic/web/document/asturia/an/i1/i1.html">Euromosaic report</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061112034325/http://latine.iespana.es/latine.index.html">Spanish words of Latin origin</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749533#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4120201-6">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&oldid=1259627244">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&oldid=1259627244</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iberian_Romance_languages" title="Category:Iberian Romance languages">Iberian Romance languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Spain" title="Category:Languages of Spain">Languages of Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Portugal" title="Category:Languages of Portugal">Languages of Portugal</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_April_2023" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from April 2023">Articles that may contain original research from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 04:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iberian_Romance_languages&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-847495b4dd-4tpsr","wgBackendResponseTime":160,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.470","walltime":"0.623","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2496,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":57008,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2309,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":78525,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 561.566 1 -total"," 35.63% 200.095 2 Template:Reflist"," 22.73% 127.663 10 Template:Cite_book"," 15.75% 88.466 5 Template:Clade"," 14.50% 81.429 1 Template:Short_description"," 13.95% 78.319 1 Template:Authority_control"," 10.41% 58.463 1 Template:Infobox_language_family"," 9.85% 55.305 2 Template:Pagetype"," 9.05% 50.794 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.25% 29.499 1 Template:Original_research"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.301","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7590470,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBrownOgilvie2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCabo_AseguinolazaAbuín_GonzalezDomínguez2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalby2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEthnologue:_Languages_of_the_World,_Sixteenth_edition2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLapesa1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMyers-Scotton2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPenny2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPharies2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPosner1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomason2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurell2001\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 4,\n [\"Clade\"] = 5,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 7,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox language family\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Original research\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-75b4cd9cb5-kvlwn","timestamp":"20241126045621","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Iberian Romance languages","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iberian_Romance_languages","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q749533","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q749533","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-08-20T00:55:40Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T04:56:20Z","headline":"Romance languages developed on the Iberian Peninsula"}</script> </body> </html>