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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American chemist and anti-war activist (1939–2022)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">John Froines</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">John Radford Froines</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1939-06-13</span>)</span>June 13, 1939<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 13, 2022<span style="display:none">(2022-07-13)</span> (aged 83)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>, PhD)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">Organic chemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/288066149">Investigations of internal returns in selected small ring compounds</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1967)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_B._Wiberg" title="Kenneth B. Wiberg">Kenneth B. Wiberg</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Radford Froines</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> June 13, 1939 – July 13, 2022) was an American chemist and <a href="/wiki/Anti-war" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-war">anti-war</a> activist, noted as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Seven" title="Chicago Seven">Chicago Seven</a>, a group charged with involvement with the riots at the <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 Democratic National Convention</a> in Chicago. Froines, who held a Ph.D. in chemistry from <a href="/wiki/Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale">Yale</a>, was charged with interstate travel for purposes of inciting a riot and with making incendiary devices, but was acquitted. He later served as the Director of Toxic Substances at the federal <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a> and then director of <a href="/wiki/UCLA" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA">UCLA</a>’s Occupational Health Center. He also served as chair of the California Scientific Review Panel on Toxic Air Contaminants for nearly 30 years before resigning in 2013 amid controversy and claims of conflict of interest. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Froines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Froines was born in <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a>, on June 13, 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, George, worked as a shipyard worker and was murdered when John was three years old; his mother, Katherine (Livingston), was a teacher who raised John and his younger brother Robert as a single parent after her husband's death.  Froines enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</a> after completing high school. He then received an <a href="/wiki/Associate_degree" title="Associate degree">associate degree</a> at Contra Costa Community College.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied chemistry at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, graduating with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UCLA_bio_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCLA_bio-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Froines subsequently undertook <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">postgraduate studies</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, obtaining a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a> in 1964 before being awarded a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Doctor of Philosophy</a> three years later. His graduate work was done in the laboratory of Dr. Kenneth Wiberg, Yale Professor Emeritus.  He won a post-doctoral fellowship from the National Science Foundation to work in the laboratory of Nobel Prize-winning chemist, Dr. <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a>, at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London from 1966 to 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-UCLA_bio_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCLA_bio-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activism_and_the_Chicago_Seven_conspiracy_trial">Activism and the Chicago Seven conspiracy trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Froines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Activism and the Chicago Seven conspiracy trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While at Yale, Froines was active in a <a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">Students for a Democratic Society</a> (SDS) organizing project in the Hill neighborhood, adjacent to downtown New Haven.  Community organizing projects inspired by SDS, and in particular, its first president Tom Hayden, were launched by civil rights and anti-poverty activists in various cities such as Newark, Boston, Cleveland, Chicago, and Oakland. Just as civil rights organizations in the American South were organizing for voting rights and political power for Black Americans, a northern SDS-led movement supported peoples’ community organizations in urban areas to gain some control over policies that were affecting their lives, in particular the severely sub-standard housing and inadequate social welfare programs.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </p><p>Noted as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Seven" title="Chicago Seven">Chicago Seven</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-aot_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aot-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Froines was indicted along with seven others by the U.S. Justice Department under President Nixon in March 1969 for their participation and leadership in events at the <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention_protests" title="1968 Democratic National Convention protests">protest demonstrations during the 1968 Democratic National Convention</a> in Chicago. The two-count indictment cited “conspiracy to travel interstate to incite a riot,” and inciting a riot.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a lengthy trial that drew national media attention, two of the defendants, Froines and <a href="/wiki/Lee_Weiner" title="Lee Weiner">Lee Weiner</a>, were acquitted of the charges against them; the others were found guilty on one count.<sup id="cite_ref-umkc_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umkc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_court" title="Contempt of court">contempt of court</a> findings, which included those against Froines, were rejected in their entirety after an appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-timeschange_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeschange-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Gary Libman at <i>The Los Angeles Times</i>, "Froines' courtroom antics were comparatively mild," and included telling jurors that one of the defendants, Black Panther leader <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Seale" title="Bobby Seale">Bobby Seale</a>, had been sentenced to four years in prison for contempt while the jury was outside the courtroom.<sup id="cite_ref-timeschange_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeschange-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seale had his case severed from the other defendants after the judge refused to acknowledge his right to have an attorney of his choosing, and had him gagged and bound in the courtroom in an effort to silence him. Upon appeals all convictions in the Chicago Conspiracy Trial (the “Chicago Seven”) were overturned, along with the contempt of court charges leveled by trial judge Julius Hoffman against all defendants.<sup id="cite_ref-timeschange_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeschange-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While still waiting for acquittal in the early 1970s, Froines joined the faculty at <a href="/wiki/Goddard_College" title="Goddard College">Goddard College</a> in Vermont, where he taught chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-tnc_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tnc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usg_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usg-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1970 to 1971, Froines and his wife Ann lived in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, where both worked with the <a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a> Defense Committee in support of Bobby Seale and Ericka Huggins during their controversial trial for conspiracy to murder.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That trial resulted in a hung jury and the freeing of both defendants. Froines was also involved with organizing the May 1971 antiwar demonstrations in Washington, D.C.,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a demonstration which resulted in the largest mass arrests in American history.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occupational_safety_and_health">Occupational safety and health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Froines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Occupational safety and health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 1968, Froines joined the Chemistry Department at the University of Oregon as an assistant professor. Upon the federal indictments for the activities at the Chicago Democratic Convention, he requested and was granted a leave of absence at the end of his first year of teaching because of the impending trial in Chicago. The university administration resisted the calls for his firing from the university from some Oregon state legislators.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the two years of full-time anti-war activism, Froines returned to teaching chemistry to undergraduates at Goddard College in Vermont.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later he was hired to head the Occupational Health Division of the Vermont Health Department,<sup id="cite_ref-usg_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usg-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a position he held for three years.  His work focused on health standards for the state's nuclear power plant.<sup id="cite_ref-timeschange_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeschange-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Froines later served as Director of the office of Toxic Substances Standards of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)<sup id="cite_ref-timeschange_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeschange-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the Carter Administration. He was the principal author of important federal standards for regulating workers’ exposure to lead and to cotton dust.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </p><p>Upon the election of Ronald Reagan, in 1981 Froines took his focus on occupational and environmental health to the Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, where he became a faculty member. During his tenure at UCLA, he held many leadership roles, including as the director of the Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (for 25 years), the director of the Southern California Particle Center and Supersite, associate director of the Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center, the director of the UCLA Fogarty Program in Occupational and Environmental Health, and the director of the Sustainable Technology and Policy Program.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His research focuses covered the toxicology of arsenic, chromium, and lead, air pollution, and pesticides.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He retired in 2011<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the <a href="/wiki/UCLA_School_of_Public_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA School of Public Health">UCLA School of Public Health</a>, in the Department of Environmental Health Sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-umkc_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umkc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also during his career at UCLA, he served for nearly 30 years with other scientists on a state advisory commission, the Scientific Review Panel on Toxic Air Contaminants, and was in later years its chairperson.  “Over the decades, the nine-member panel has reviewed 450 assessments on a witch’s brew of toxins: Chloropicrin, methidathion, metam sodium, benzene, tobacco smoke, endosulfan, and many other pesticides and air contaminants that are potential carcinogens, genotoxins, <a href="/wiki/Neurotoxin" title="Neurotoxin">neurotoxins</a>, or all of the above. The panel reviews other scientists’ work, draws conclusions and turns over its best assessment to such regulators as the California Air Resources Board and Department of Pesticide Regulation to develop policy."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He resigned in 2013 amid claims that he had conducted independent research with the panel while maintaining ties to other scientists who disapproved of the chemicals he was evaluating, creating a <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_interest" title="Conflict of interest">conflict of interest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bruin1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruin1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bruin2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruin2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversy">Controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Froines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Froines was among five University of California scientists who were not re-appointed to the Scientific Review Panel on Toxic Air Contaminants in 2013, after issues were raised about the independence of their scientific recommendations and number of years of service. Part of the controversy involved claims that Froines was in contact with scientists who had stated that some chemicals under review were a public health risk. Froines wrote that the SRP maintained “our commitment to doing the best science possible and we never wavered from that. That is why we were trusted although not always agreed with.”<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One example of this disagreement was the decision by the California Department of Pesticide Regulations to “ignore its own staff of scientists and a peer review panel led by Froines when setting legal exposure limits of farmworkers to the strawberry fumigant methyl iodide. The department set the limit at more than 100 times what had been recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pesticide was later removed from the market by its manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Froines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The California Air Resources Board honored Froines in 2011 as an “outstanding individual who has made significant contributions toward improving air quality throughout a lifetime of commitment and leadership and innovation in research and environmental policy.”<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </p><p>Physicians for Social Responsibility in Los Angeles recognized Froines and his wife Andrea Hricko in 2012 for their "courageous commitment to scientific integrity and for of increasing our understanding of the health impacts of toxic chemicals on the health of workers and communities."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, Froines was the Ramazzini Award Recipient and Lecturer for his “pioneering work the develop the federal occupational lead and cotton dust exposure standards in the United States, and his work in California that led to the recognition of diesel exhaust as a significant toxic air contaminant, preserving the health and lives of millions.” The Collegium Ramazzini in Bologna, Italy is an independent, international academy founded in 1982 of internationally renowned experts in the fields of occupational and environmental health.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Froines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Froines' first marriage was to Ann Rubio Froines. They met while they were involved in the SDS. Together, they had one child (Rebecca). They eventually divorced. He later married Andrea Hricko, and remained married to her until his death. They had one child together (Jonathan).<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Froines died on July 13, 2022, at a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a>. He was 83, and suffered from <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a> prior to his death.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Froines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>David Kagen played Froines in the 1987 film <i><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy:_The_Trial_of_the_Chicago_8" title="Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8">Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Froines was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Flaherty" title="Daniel Flaherty">Daniel Flaherty</a> in the 2020 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_the_Chicago_7" title="The Trial of the Chicago 7">The Trial of the Chicago 7</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Froines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMurphy" class="citation news cs1">Murphy, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2022/07/15/froines-chicago-seven-dies/">"John Froines, chemist charged in 'Chicago Seven' trial, dies at 83"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Washington, D.C. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1330888409">1330888409</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=John+Froines%2C+chemist+charged+in+%27Chicago+Seven%27+trial%2C+dies+at+83&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1330888409&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fobituaries%2F2022%2F07%2F15%2Ffroines-chicago-seven-dies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Froines" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:WaPoCheckDates" title="Template:WaPoCheckDates"><span title="These script-retrieved dates may not quite match those displayed in the article">please check these dates</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_obit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisen2022" class="citation news cs1">Risen, Clay (July 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/14/us/politics/john-r-froines-dead.html">"John R. Froines, Chemist and Member of the Chicago Seven, Dies at 83"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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UCLA Fielding School of Public Health<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Froines&rft.pub=UCLA+Fielding+School+of+Public+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fph.ucla.edu%2Ffaculty%2Ffroines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Froines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkolnick1969" class="citation book cs1">Skolnick, Jerome (1969). <i>The Politics of Protest</i>. 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(2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1139768187"><i>The trial of the Chicago 7 : the official transcript</i></a>. Mark L. Levine, George C. McNamee, Daniel L. Greenberg, Aaron Sorkin, United States. District Court (Simon and Schuster trade paperback ed.). New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-5508-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-5508-7"><bdi>978-1-9821-5508-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1139768187">1139768187</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+trial+of+the+Chicago+7+%3A+the+official+transcript&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Simon+and+Schuster+trade+paperback&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1139768187&rft.isbn=978-1-9821-5508-7&rft.aulast=Dellinger&rft.aufirst=David+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1139768187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Froines" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-umkc-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-umkc_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-umkc_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101211131511/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/FroinesJ.htm">"John Froines"</a>. University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Law. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/FroinesJ.htm">the original</a> on December 11, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Froines&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+at+Kansas+City+School+of+Law&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.umkc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fprojects%2Fftrials%2FChicago7%2FFroinesJ.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Froines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeschange-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timeschange_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeschange_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeschange_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeschange_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeschange_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibman1990" class="citation news cs1">Libman, Gary (January 30, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-01-30-vw-1032-story.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'60s Radical Puts Past Behind Him"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Transaction Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412829557" title="Special:BookSources/9781412829557"><bdi>9781412829557</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.collegiumramazzini.org&rft.atitle=Dr.+John+Froines+awarded+2013+Ramazzini+Award+by+the+Collegium+Ramazzini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collegiumramazzini.org%2Fnews%2Fdetail%2F108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Froines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psr-la.org/john-froines-phd/">"John Froines PhD"</a>. <i>Physicians for Social Responsibility Los Angeles</i>. September 21, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+Guide&rft.atitle=Conspiracy%3A+The+Trial+of+the+Chicago+8+%E2%80%93+Full+Cast+%26+Crew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvguide.com%2Fmovies%2Fconspiracy-the-trial-of-the-chicago-8%2Fcast%2F2030123772%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Froines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_trial_of_the_chicago_7">"The Trial of the Chicago 7"</a>. <i>Rotten Tomatoes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=The+Trial+of+the+Chicago+7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fthe_trial_of_the_chicago_7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Froines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Froines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClavirSpitzer1970" class="citation book cs1">Clavir, Judy; Spitzer, John, eds. (1970). <i>The Conspiracy Trial: The Extended Edited Transcript of the Trial of the Chicago Eight. Complete with Motions, Rulings, Contempt Citations, Sentences and Photographs</i>. Introduction: <a href="/wiki/William_Kunstler" title="William Kunstler">William Kunstler</a>; foreword: <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Weinglass" title="Leonard Weinglass">Leonard Weinglass</a>. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-224-00579-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-224-00579-0"><bdi>0-224-00579-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16214206">16214206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conspiracy+Trial%3A+The+Extended+Edited+Transcript+of+the+Trial+of+the+Chicago+Eight.+Complete+with+Motions%2C+Rulings%2C+Contempt+Citations%2C+Sentences+and+Photographs&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pub=Bobbs-Merrill+Company&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16214206&rft.isbn=0-224-00579-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Froines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevineMcNameeGreenberg2020" class="citation book cs1">Levine, Mark L.; McNamee, George C.; Greenberg, Daniel, eds. (2020). <i>The Trial of the Chicago 7: The Official Transcript</i>. Foreword: Aaron Sorkin. New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-5509-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-5509-4"><bdi>978-1-9821-5509-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1162494002">1162494002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trial+of+the+Chicago+7%3A+The+Official+Transcript&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1162494002&rft.isbn=978-1-9821-5509-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Froines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchultz2020" class="citation book cs1">Schultz, John (2020) [1972; as <i>Motion Will Be Denied</i>]. <i>The Conspiracy Trial of the Chicago Seven</i>. Foreword: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Oglesby" title="Carl Oglesby">Carl Oglesby</a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226760742" title="Special:BookSources/9780226760742"><bdi>9780226760742</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conspiracy+Trial+of+the+Chicago+Seven&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780226760742&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Froines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiener2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Wiener" title="Jon Wiener">Wiener, Jon</a>, ed. (2006). <i>Conspiracy in the Streets: The Extraordinary Trial of the Chicago Seven</i>. Introduction:Jon Wiener; afterword: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hayden" title="Tom Hayden">Tom Hayden</a>; drawings: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Feiffer" title="Jules Feiffer">Jules Feiffer</a>. New York: The New Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56584-833-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56584-833-7"><bdi>978-1-56584-833-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conspiracy+in+the+Streets%3A+The+Extraordinary+Trial+of+the+Chicago+Seven&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+New+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-56584-833-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Froines" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Chicago_Seven" title="Template:Chicago Seven"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chicago_Seven" title="Template talk:Chicago Seven"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chicago_Seven" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chicago Seven"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chicago_Seven" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Seven" title="Chicago Seven">Chicago Seven</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defendants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rennie_Davis" title="Rennie Davis">Rennie Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dellinger" title="David Dellinger">David Dellinger</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Froines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hayden" title="Tom Hayden">Tom Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Abbie Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Rubin" title="Jerry Rubin">Jerry Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Seale" title="Bobby Seale">Bobby Seale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Weiner" title="Lee Weiner">Lee Weiner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lawyers/Judge</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Kunstler" title="William Kunstler">William Kunstler</a> (defense lawyer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Weinglass" title="Leonard Weinglass">Leonard Weinglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Hoffman" title="Julius Hoffman">Julius Hoffman</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(judge)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foran" title="Tom Foran">Tom Foran</a> (prosecutor)</li> <li>Richard Schultz</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Constitutional_Rights" title="Center for Constitutional Rights">Center for Constitutional Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stew_Albert" title="Stew Albert">Stew Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Collins" title="Judy Collins">Judy Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn" title="Bernardine Dohrn">Bernardine Dohrn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Gumbo" title="Judy Gumbo">Judy Gumbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Hoffman" title="Anita Hoffman">Anita Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krassner" title="Paul Krassner">Paul Krassner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kurshan" title="Nancy Kurshan">Nancy Kurshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Leary" title="Timothy Leary">Timothy Leary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_Joe_McDonald" title="Country Joe McDonald">Country Joe McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Nash" title="Graham Nash">Graham Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Ochs" title="Phil Ochs">Phil Ochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigasus_(politics)" title="Pigasus (politics)">Pigasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Sanders" title="Ed Sanders">Ed Sanders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Context</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youth_International_Party" title="Youth International Party">Youth International Party (Yippies)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention_protests" title="1968 Democratic National Convention protests">1968 Democratic National Convention protests</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_whole_world_is_watching" title="The whole world is watching">The whole world is watching</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mobilization_Committee_to_End_the_War_in_Vietnam" title="National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam">National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Daley" title="Richard J. Daley">Mayor Richard J. Daley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">opposition</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miami_and_the_Siege_of_Chicago" title="Miami and the Siege of Chicago">Miami and the Siege of Chicago</a></i> (1968 book)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Underground" title="Weather Underground">Weather Underground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(Graham_Nash_song)" title="Chicago (Graham Nash song)">"Chicago"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970 song)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy:_The_Trial_of_the_Chicago_8" title="Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8">Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987 film)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steal_This_Movie!" title="Steal This Movie!">Steal This Movie!</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2000 film)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_10_(film)" title="Chicago 10 (film)"><i>Chicago 10</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2007 film)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Kunstler:_Disturbing_the_Universe" title="William Kunstler: Disturbing the Universe">William Kunstler: Disturbing the Universe</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009 documentary)</span></li> <li><i>The Chicago 8</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011 film)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_the_Chicago_7" title="The Trial of the Chicago 7">The Trial of the Chicago 7</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020 film)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51570098">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/336861/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwddChyjgPXfqXjbyQ8YP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Froines, John R."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr94008147">United States</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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