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cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> The voiced alveolar fricatives are <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonantal</a> sounds. The symbol in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> that represents these sounds depends on whether a <a href="/wiki/Sibilant" title="Sibilant">sibilant</a> or non-sibilant fricative is being described. <ul><li>The symbol for the alveolar sibilant is ⟨z⟩, and the equivalent <a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> symbol is <code>z</code>. The IPA letter ⟨z⟩ is not normally used for <a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental</a> or <a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">postalveolar</a> sibilants in narrow transcription unless modified by a diacritic (⟨z̪⟩ and ⟨z̠⟩ respectively).</li> <li>The IPA symbol for the alveolar non-sibilant fricative is derived by means of <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a>; it can be ⟨ð̠⟩ or ⟨ɹ̝⟩.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1044870489">@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .tocright{display:none}.mw-parser-output .tocright{width:100%!important}}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tocright{float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-none{clear:none}}</style><div class="tocright"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Voiced_alveolar_sibilant">1 Voiced alveolar sibilant</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Features">1.1 Features</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Occurrence">1.2 Occurrence</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="#Dentalized_laminal_alveolar">1.2.1 Dentalized laminal alveolar</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Non-retracted_alveolar">1.2.2 Non-retracted alveolar</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Retracted_alveolar">1.2.3 Retracted alveolar</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Variable">1.2.4 Variable</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative">2 Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Features_2">2.1 Features</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Occurrence_2">2.2 Occurrence</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Voiced_lateral-median_fricative">3 Voiced lateral-median fricative</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Features_3">3.1 Features</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Occurrence_3">3.2 Occurrence</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also">4 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Notes">5 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#References">6 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#External_links">7 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Voiced <a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">coronal</a> fricatives </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2"> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Denti-alveolar_consonant" title="Denti-alveolar consonant">Denti- alveolar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Post-alveolar</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation#Advanced_and_retracted" title="Relative articulation">Retracted</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_consonant" title="Palato-alveolar consonant">Palato- alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_consonant" title="Alveolo-palatal consonant">Alveolo- palatal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sibilant" title="Sibilant">Sibilant</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">plain </th> <td><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Voiced_dental_sibilant">z̪</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative#Voiced_denti-alveolar_sibilant" title="Voiced dental fricative">z̟</a> </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Voiced_alveolar_sibilant">z͇</a> </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Voiced_alveolar_retracted_sibilant">z̠</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced retroflex sibilant">ʐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palato-alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant">ʒ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant">ʑ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Non-sibilant </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative">ð͇</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ̝</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>tapped </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_tapped_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar tapped fricative">ɾ̞</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Coronal sibilants </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th>IPA symbol </th> <th>meaning </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="13"><a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> </th> <th rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation#Place_of_articulation_(active)" title="Place of articulation">passive (mouth)</a> </th> <th>⟨z̪⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>⟨z̟⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Advanced_articulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced articulation">advanced</a> (<a href="/wiki/Denti-alveolar_consonant" title="Denti-alveolar consonant">denti-alveolar</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>⟨z͇⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>⟨z̠⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Retracted_articulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Retracted articulation">retracted</a> (<a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">postalveolar</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation#Place_of_articulation_(active)" title="Place of articulation">active (tongue)</a> </th> <th>⟨z̺⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>⟨z̻⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Laminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Laminal">laminal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>⟨ʐ⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Retroflex" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex">retroflex</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_articulation" title="Secondary articulation">secondary</a> </th> <th>⟨zʲ⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> coronal </td></tr> <tr> <th>⟨ʑ⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolo-palatal">alveolo-palatal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>⟨ʒ⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar" class="mw-redirect" title="Palato-alveolar">palato-alveolar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>⟨zʷ⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Labialized" class="mw-redirect" title="Labialized">labialized</a> coronal </td></tr> <tr> <th>⟨zˠ⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Velarized" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized">velarized</a> coronal </td></tr> <tr> <th>⟨zˤ⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealized" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharyngealized">pharyngealized</a> coronal </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Voice-onset_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice-onset time">voice-onset time</a> </th> <th>⟨zʱ⟩ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">breathy</a> coronal </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Voiced_alveolar_sibilant">Voiced alveolar sibilant</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Voiced alveolar sibilant" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiced alveolar fricative</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">z</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_number" title="IPA number">IPA number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">133</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg/Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio> <div><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_sibilant.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg">source</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(decimal)</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#122;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(hex)</th><td class="infobox-data">U+007A</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>z</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Z.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356) U+2835"><noscript><img alt="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/25px-Braille_Z.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 35px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/25px-Braille_Z.svg.png" data-alt="⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)" data-width="25" data-height="35" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/38px-Braille_Z.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/50px-Braille_Z.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiced laminal dentalized alveolar sibilant</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">z̪</th></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiced laminal predorsal alveolar sibilant</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">z̟</th></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiced alveolar retracted sibilant</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">z̠</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">zᶾ</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(decimal)</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#122;&#826;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(hex)</th><td class="infobox-data">U+007A U+033A</td></tr></tbody></table> The voiced alveolar sibilant is common across <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">European languages</a>, but is relatively uncommon cross-linguistically compared to the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar sibilant">voiceless variant</a>. Only about 28% of the world's languages contain a voiced dental or alveolar sibilant. Moreover, 85% of the languages with some form of [z] are languages of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features">Features</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Sibilant" title="Sibilant">sibilant</a> <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a>, which means it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a <a href="/wiki/Sulcalization" title="Sulcalization">groove</a> in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency <a href="/wiki/Turbulence" title="Turbulence">turbulence</a>.</li> <li>There are at least three specific variants of [z]: <ul><li>Dentalized laminal <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a> (commonly called "dental"), which means it is articulated with the tongue blade very close to the upper front teeth, with the tongue tip resting behind lower front teeth. The hissing effect in this variety of [z] is very strong.<a href="#cite_note-PNFK-1">[1]</a></li> <li>Non-retracted alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ridge">alveolar ridge</a>, termed respectively <a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a>. According to <a href="#CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996">Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)</a> about half of <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> speakers use a non-retracted apical articulation.</li> <li>Retracted alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue slightly behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal. Acoustically, it is close to [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>] or laminal [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a>].</li></ul></li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.</li> <li>It is an <a href="/wiki/Oral_consonant" title="Oral consonant">oral consonant</a>, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Occurrence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dentalized_laminal_alveolar">Dentalized laminal alveolar</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dentalized laminal alveolar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenian" title="Eastern Armenian">Eastern</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozintseva19957-2">[2]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">զարդ/zart</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ef\/Z%C9%91%C9%BEt%CA%B0.ogg\/Z%C9%91%C9%BEt%CA%B0.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[z\u032a\u0251\u027et\u032a\u02b0]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Z\u0251\u027et\u02b0.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Z%C9%91%C9%BEt%CA%B0.ogg/Z%C9%91%C9%BEt%CA%B0.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[z̪ɑɾt̪ʰ]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C9%91%C9%BEt%CA%B0.ogg" title="File:Zɑɾtʰ.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'decoration'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAxundov1983115,_136,_139%E2%80%93142-3">[3]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">zoğ</a></td> <td>[z̪ɔʁ]</td> <td>'sprout'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadluzhny198947-4">[4]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_alphabet" title="Belarusian alphabet">база/baza</a></td> <td>[ˈbäz̪ä]</td> <td>'base'</td> <td>Contrasts with <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> form. See <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_phonology" title="Belarusian phonology">Belarusian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlagstad195846-5">[5]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_alphabet" title="Bulgarian alphabet">езеро/ezero</a></td> <td>[ˈɛz̪ɛro]</td> <td>'lake'</td> <td>Contrasts with palatalized form. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalkov%C3%A11994228-6">[6]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_orthography" title="Czech orthography">zima</a></td> <td>[ˈz̪ɪmä]</td> <td>'winter'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Czech_phonology" title="Czech phonology">Czech phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Multicultural_London_English" title="Multicultural London English">Multicultural London</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">zoo</a></td> <td>[z̪ʏˑy̯]</td> <td>'zoo'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975288-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199979-9">[9]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">zèbre</a></td> <td>[z̪ɛbʁ]</td> <td>'zebra'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/French_phonology" title="French phonology">French phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzende1999104-10">[10]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_orthography" title="Hungarian orthography">zálog</a></td> <td>[ˈz̪äːl̪oɡ]</td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Pledge_(law)" title="Pledge (law)">pledge</a>'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_phonology" title="Hungarian phonology">Hungarian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></td> <td colspan="2" align="center">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE">example needed</a>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKara200210-12">[12]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">заң/zań</a></td> <td rowspan="2">[z̪ɑŋ]</td> <td rowspan="2">'law'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKara200311-13">[13]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz alphabet">заң/zań</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENau19986-14">[14]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian alphabet">zars</a></td> <td>[z̪ärs̪]</td> <td>'branch'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Latvian_phonology" title="Latvian phonology">Latvian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELunt19521-15">[15]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_alphabet" title="Macedonian alphabet">зошто/zošto</a></td> <td>[ˈz̪ɔʃt̪ɔ]</td> <td>'why'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_phonology" title="Macedonian phonology">Macedonian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mirandese_language" title="Mirandese language">Mirandese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">daprendizaige</a></td> <td>[d̪əpɾẽd̪iˈz̪ajʒ(ɯ̽)]</td> <td>'learning'</td> <td>Contrasts seven <a href="/wiki/Sibilant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibilant consonant">sibilants</a> altogether, preserving medieval <a href="/wiki/Ibero-Romance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibero-Romance">Ibero-Romance</a> contrasts. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a><a href="#cite_note-PNFK-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoc%C5%82awski1976149-16">[16]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography">zero</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1b\/Pl-zero.ogg\/Pl-zero.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u02c8z\u032a\u025br\u0254]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-zero.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1b/Pl-zero.ogg/Pl-zero.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ˈz̪ɛrɔ]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-zero.ogg" title="File:Pl-zero.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'zero'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Polish_phonology" title="Polish phonology">Polish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td> <td>Most speakers</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">Estados Unidos</a></td> <td>[isˈt̪ad̪uz̪‿ʉˈnid͡zᶶ(ˢ)]</td> <td>'United States'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_phonology" title="Portuguese phonology">Portuguese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">zar</a></td> <td>[z̪är]</td> <td>'dice'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Romanian_phonology" title="Romanian phonology">Romanian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChew200367-18">[18]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_orthography" title="Russian orthography">заезжать</a> / <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">zaězžať</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/77\/Ru-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg\/Ru-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[z\u032a\u0259\u026a\u02c8\u0291\u0291\u00e6t\u02b2]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-\u0437\u0430\u0435\u0437\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/Ru-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[z̪əɪˈʑʑætʲ]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg" title="File:Ru-заезжать.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'to pick up'</td> <td>Contrasts with palatalized form. See <a href="/wiki/Russian_phonology" title="Russian phonology">Russian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKordi%C4%8720065-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandauLon%C4%8Dari%C4%87Horga%C5%A0kari%C4%87199967-20">[20]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">зајам</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">zajam</a></td> <td>[z̪ǎːjäm]</td> <td>'loan'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_phonology" title="Serbo-Croatian phonology">Serbo-Croatian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovak_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak alphabet">zima</a></td> <td>[ˈz̪imä]</td> <td>'winter'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovene_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene orthography">zima</a></td> <td>[ˈz̪ìːmá]</td> <td>'winter'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975288-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154-22">[22]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">göz</a></td> <td>[ɟø̞̈z̪]</td> <td>'eye'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Turkish_phonology" title="Turkish phonology">Turkish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet">зуб/zub</a></td> <td>[z̪ub]</td> <td>'tooth'</td> <td>Contrasts with <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> form. See <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_phonology" title="Ukrainian phonology">Ukrainian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Sorbian_language" title="Upper Sorbian language">Upper Sorbian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C5%A0ewc-Schuster198422,_38,_39-24">[24]</a></td> <td>koza</td> <td>[ˈkɔz̪ä]</td> <td>'goat'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196311-25">[25]</a></td> <td>zafar</td> <td>[z̪äˈfäɾ]</td> <td>'victory' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></td> <td>Hanoi<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson19875_and_7-26">[26]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">da</a></td> <td>[z̪äː]</td> <td>'skin'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology" title="Vietnamese phonology">Vietnamese phonology</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-retracted_alveolar">Non-retracted alveolar</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Non-retracted alveolar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">зы</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8d\/Ady-%D0%B7%D1%8B.ogg\/Ady-%D0%B7%D1%8B.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u02c8z\u0259]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ady-\u0437\u044b.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Ady-%D0%B7%D1%8B.ogg/Ady-%D0%B7%D1%8B.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ˈzə]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Ady-%D0%B7%D1%8B.ogg" title="File:Ady-зы.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'one'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albanian_alphabet" title="Albanian alphabet">zjarr</a></td> <td>[zjar]</td> <td>'fire'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td> <td>Standard<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThelwall199037-27">[27]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">زائِر</a></td> <td>[ˈzaːʔir]</td> <td>'visitor'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Arabic_phonology" title="Arabic phonology">Arabic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">জলকীয়া</a></td> <td>[zɔlɔkija]</td> <td>'chili'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Assyrian</a></td> <td>ܙܢ̱ܓܐ zìga</td> <td>[ziɡa]</td> <td>'bell'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">নামাজ</a></td> <td>[namaz]</td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a>'</td> <td>Mostly in loanwords and often replaced by [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>]. See <a href="/wiki/Bengali_phonology" title="Bengali phonology">Bengali phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a></td> <td>iliz</td> <td>[iliz]</td> <td>'church'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chechen_language" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">зурма</a> / zurma</td> <td>[zuɾma]</td> <td>'music'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199975-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003190-29">[29]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">zaad</a></td> <td>[z̻aːt̻]</td> <td>'seed'</td> <td>Laminal; may have only mid-to-low pitched friction in the Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199975-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003190-29">[29]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Dutch_phonology" title="Dutch phonology">Dutch phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emilian_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilian dialects">Emilian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_dialect" title="Bolognese dialect">Bolognese</a> </td> <td>raṡån</td> <td>[raːz̺ʌŋ]</td> <td>'reason' </td> <td>Palatalized apical; may be [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a>] or [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>] instead. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">zoo</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/81\/Zoo-pronunciation-audio-nonmulticultural.ogg\/Zoo-pronunciation-audio-nonmulticultural.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[zu\u02d0]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zoo-pronunciation-audio-nonmulticultural.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Zoo-pronunciation-audio-nonmulticultural.ogg/Zoo-pronunciation-audio-nonmulticultural.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[zuː]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Zoo-pronunciation-audio-nonmulticultural.ogg" title="File:Zoo-pronunciation-audio-nonmulticultural.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'zoo'</td> <td>Absent from some Scottish and Asian dialects. See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_orthography" title="Esperanto orthography">kuzo</a></td> <td>[ˈkuzo]</td> <td>'cousin'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Esperanto_phonology" title="Esperanto phonology">Esperanto phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShostedChikovani2006255-30">[30]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian alphabet">ზარი</a></td> <td>[ˈzɑɾi]</td> <td>'bell'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></td> <td>Athens dialect<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975283-31">[31]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">ζάλη</a> / <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">záli</a></td> <td>[ˈz̻ali]</td> <td>'dizziness'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_phonology" title="Modern Greek phonology">Modern Greek phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew orthography">זאב</a></td> <td>[zeˈʔev]</td> <td>'wolf'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew_phonology" title="Modern Hebrew phonology">Modern Hebrew phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagri" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagri">ज़मीन</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">[zəmiːn] </td> <td rowspan="2">'land' </td> <td rowspan="2">May be replaced in Hindi by [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>]. See <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_phonology" title="Hindustani phonology">Hindustani phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nasta%27liq" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasta'liq">زمین</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkada1999117-32">[32]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">全部</a> / <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">zenbu</a></td> <td>[zembɯ]</td> <td>'everything'</td> <td>Might be replaced with [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a>]. See <a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">зы</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-6" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8d\/Ady-%D0%B7%D1%8B.ogg\/Ady-%D0%B7%D1%8B.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[\u02c8z\u0259]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ady-\u0437\u044b.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Ady-%D0%B7%D1%8B.ogg/Ady-%D0%B7%D1%8B.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[ˈzə]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Ady-%D0%B7%D1%8B.ogg" title="File:Ady-зы.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'one'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kalaw_Lagaw_Ya" title="Kalaw Lagaw Ya">Kalaw Lagaw Ya</a></td> <td>zilamiz</td> <td>[zilʌmiz]</td> <td>'go'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagri" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagri">ज़ानुन</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nasta%27liq" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasta'liq">زانُن</a></td> <td>[zaːnun]</td> <td>'to know'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">បែលហ្ស៊ិក</a> / bêlhsĭk</td> <td>[ɓaelzɨk]</td> <td>noun: 'Belgium', 'Belgian(s)' adjective: 'Belgian'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Khmer_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer phonology">Khmer phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konda_language_(Dravidian)" title="Konda language (Dravidian)">Konda</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmeneau1970-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnamurti200370-34">[34]</a> </td> <td>sunz </td> <td>[sunz] </td> <td>'to sleep' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malay_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay alphabet">beza</a></td> <td>[bezə]</td> <td>'difference'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maltese_alphabet" title="Maltese alphabet">żelu</a></td> <td>[zelu]</td> <td>'zeal'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">जर</a></td> <td>[zər]</td> <td>'if'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Marathi_phonology" title="Marathi phonology">Marathi phonology</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">हजार</a></td> <td>[ɦʌzäɾ]</td> <td>'thousand'</td> <td rowspan="4">Coda and intervocalic allophone of /d͡z/ and /d͡zʱ/.<a href="#cite_note-pokharel-35">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">कागज</a></td> <td>[käɣʌz]</td> <td>'shame' </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">बुझाउनु</a></td> <td>[buzäu̯nu]</td> <td>'to explain' </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">माझ</a></td> <td>[mäz]</td> <td>'middle' </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Limousin_dialect" title="Limousin dialect">Limousin</a></td> <td>jòune</td> <td>[ˈzɒwne]</td> <td>'young'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Occitan_phonology" title="Occitan phonology">Occitan phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a></td> <td>روز</td> <td>[ɾuːz]</td> <td>'day'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199591-36">[36]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">casa</a></td> <td>[ˈkazɐ]</td> <td>'house'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_phonology" title="Portuguese phonology">Portuguese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">ਹਜ਼ਾਰ</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">[həˈzaːr] </td> <td rowspan="2">'thousand' </td> <td rowspan="2">May be replaced by [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">dʒ</a>] in <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a> (Indian) varieties. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">ہزار</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_Spanish" title="Andalusian Spanish">Andalusian</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">comunismo</a></td> <td rowspan="3">[ko̞muˈnizmo̞]</td> <td rowspan="3">'<a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a>'</td> <td rowspan="3">Allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants, when it is not <a href="/wiki/Debuccalization" title="Debuccalization">debuccalized</a> to [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a> ~ <a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">ɦ</a>]. Present in dialects which realize /s/ as a non-retracted alveolar fricative. Before /d/ it is dental [z̪]. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Spanish" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American Spanish">Latin American</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Spanish" title="Philippine Spanish">Filipino</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">lazima</a></td> <td>[lɑzimɑ]</td> <td>'must'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaffna_Tamil_dialect" title="Jaffna Tamil dialect">Jaffna Tamil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">கடுதாசி</a> </td> <td>[kɐɖuðaːzi] </td> <td>'letter' </td> <td>Was only reported for 1 speaker in the sample but he pronounced it regularly.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">West Frisian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESipma191316-38">[38]</a></td> <td>sizze</td> <td>[ˈsɪzə]</td> <td>'to say'</td> <td>It never occurs in word-initial positions. See <a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_phonology" title="West Frisian phonology">West Frisian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Yi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">ꍂ</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">ssy</a></td> <td>[zɹ̩˧]</td> <td>'generation'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_orthography" title="Yiddish orthography">זון</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_orthography" title="Yiddish orthography">zien</a></td> <td>[zin]</td> <td>'son'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapotec language">Zapotec</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tilquiapan_Zapotec" title="Tilquiapan Zapotec">Tilquiapan</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008108-39">[39]</a></td> <td>guanaz</td> <td>[ɡʷanaz]</td> <td>'went to grab'</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Retracted_alveolar">Retracted alveolar</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Retracted alveolar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199254-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETorreblanca1988347-41">[41]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalan_orthography" title="Catalan orthography">zel</a></td> <td>[ˈz̺ɛɫ]</td> <td>'zeal'</td> <td>Apical. See <a href="/wiki/Catalan_phonology" title="Catalan phonology">Catalan phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a></td> <td>mesmo</td> <td>[ˈme̞z̺mo̞]</td> <td>'same'</td> <td>Apical. Allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants. Before /d/ it is pronounced dentally [z̪]. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200712-42">[42]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">μάζα</a> / <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">máza</a></td> <td>[ˈmɐz̠ɐ]</td> <td>'mass'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_phonology" title="Modern Greek phonology">Modern Greek phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td> <td>Central Italy<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975286-43">[43]</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Italian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian alphabet">caso</a></td> <td rowspan="3">[ˈkäːz̠o]</td> <td rowspan="3">'case'</td> <td>Present in <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> north of Cape Linaro,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975286-43">[43]</a> most of <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975286-43">[43]</a> (save <a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a> and the extreme south)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975286-43">[43]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le_Marche" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Marche">Le Marche</a> south of the <a href="/wiki/Potenza" title="Potenza">Potenza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975286-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Northern Italy<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975285%E2%80%93286-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199271-72-45">[45]</a></td> <td>Apical.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199272-46">[46]</a> Present in many areas north of the <a href="/wiki/La_Spezia%E2%80%93Rimini_Line" title="La Spezia–Rimini Line">La Spezia–Rimini Line</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199271-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975285-48">[48]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Italian_phonology" title="Italian phonology">Italian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975286-43">[43]</a></td> <td>Present south and west of a line drawn from <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B9" title="Cefalù">Cefalù</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975286-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1975289-49">[49]</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE">example needed</a>]</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_language" title="Maldivian language">Maldivian</a></td> <td>zaraafaa</td> <td>[z̺aˈraːfaː]</td> <td>'giraffe'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mirandese_language" title="Mirandese language">Mirandese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">eisistir</a></td> <td>[e̞jz̺is̺ˈtiɾ]</td> <td>'to exist'</td> <td>Apical. Mirandese and neighboring Portuguese dialects were the only surviving oral tradition to preserve all seven mediaeval <a href="/wiki/Ibero-Romance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibero-Romance">Ibero-Romance</a> sibilants: ⟨ch⟩ /<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>/, ⟨x⟩ /<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/, ⟨g⟩/⟨j⟩ /<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>/, ⟨c⟩/⟨ç⟩ /<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental sibilant fricative">s̪</a>/, ⟨z⟩ /z̪/, ⟨s⟩/-⟨ss⟩- /<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_apico-alveolar_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative">s̺</a>/, -⟨s⟩- /z̺/ </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gascon_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gascon language">Gascon</a></td> <td>casèrna</td> <td>[kaz̺ɛrno]</td> <td>'barracks'</td> <td rowspan="2">See <a href="/wiki/Occitan_phonology" title="Occitan phonology">Occitan phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Languedocien_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Languedocien language">Languedocien</a></td> <td>véser</td> <td>[bez̺e]</td> <td>'to see' </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_language" title="Piedmontese language">Piedmontese</a></td> <td>amis</td> <td>[aˈmiz̠]</td> <td>'friend'</td> <td>Apical. See <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Piedmontese phonology">Piemontese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td> <td>Coastal Northern <a href="/wiki/European_Portuguese" title="European Portuguese">European</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE">example needed</a>]</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Merges with non-retracted /z/. See <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_phonology" title="Portuguese phonology">Portuguese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Inland Northern <a href="/wiki/European_Portuguese" title="European Portuguese">European</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE">example needed</a>]</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Apical. Contrasts with non-retracted /z/. See <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_phonology" title="Portuguese phonology">Portuguese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andean_Spanish" title="Andean Spanish">Andean</a></td> <td rowspan="3">mismo</td> <td rowspan="3">[ˈmiz̺mo̞]</td> <td rowspan="3">'same'</td> <td rowspan="3">Apical. Allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants. Before /d/ it is pronounced dentally [z̪]. See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Castilian_Spanish" title="Castilian Spanish">Castilian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paisa_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Paisa Region">Paisa Region</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Variable">Variable</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Variable" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangold200550-50">[50]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">sauber</a></td> <td>[ˈzäʊ̯bɐ]</td> <td>'clean'</td> <td>Varies between dentalized laminal, non-retracted laminal and non-retracted apical.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangold200550-50">[50]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Standard_German_phonology" title="Standard German phonology">Standard German phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td> <td>Standard<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199268-51">[51]</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian alphabet">caso</a></td> <td rowspan="2">[ˈkäːzo]</td> <td rowspan="2">'case'</td> <td>Varies between dentalized laminal and non-retracted apical.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199268-51">[51]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Italian_phonology" title="Italian phonology">Italian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199272-46">[46]</a></td> <td>Varies between dentalized laminal and non-retracted apical.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199268_and_72-52">[52]</a> Both variants may be labiodentalized.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199272-46">[46]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Italian_phonology" title="Italian phonology">Italian phonology</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative">Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ð̠</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ð͇</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ɹ̝</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">d̞</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="4" data-mwtitle="Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative.ogg/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio> <div><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg">source</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(decimal)</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#240;&#800;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(hex)</th><td class="infobox-data">U+00F0 U+0320</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiced alveolar tapped fricative</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ɾ̞</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ɹ̝̆</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_number" title="IPA number">IPA number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">124 430</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="4" data-mwtitle="Voiced_alveolar_tapped_fricative.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Voiced_alveolar_tapped_fricative.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Voiced_alveolar_tapped_fricative.ogg/Voiced_alveolar_tapped_fricative.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio> <div><a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_tapped_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiced alveolar tapped fricative.ogg">source</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative is a consonantal sound. As the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> does not have separate symbols for the alveolar consonants (the same symbol is used for all <a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">coronal</a> places of articulation that are not <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a>), it can represent the sound as in a number of ways including ⟨ð̠⟩ or ⟨ð͇⟩ (<a href="/wiki/Retraction_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Retraction (phonetics)">retracted</a> or alveolarized [ð], respectively), ⟨ɹ̝⟩ (constricted [ɹ]), or ⟨d̞⟩ (lowered [d]). Few languages also have the voiced alveolar tapped fricative, which is simply a very brief apical alveolar non-sibilant fricative, with the tongue making the gesture for a tapped stop but not making full contact. It can be indicated in the IPA with the lowering diacritic to show that full occlusion does not occur. Flapped fricatives are theoretically possible but are not attested.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaver1994263-53">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features_2">Features</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a>, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing <a href="/wiki/Turbulence" title="Turbulence">turbulence</a>. However, it does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a>, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ridge">alveolar ridge</a>, termed respectively <a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.</li> <li>It is an <a href="/wiki/Oral_consonant" title="Oral consonant">oral consonant</a>, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occurrence_2">Occurrence</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Occurrence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_dialects" title="Aragonese dialects">Chistabino</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMott2007104,_112-54">[54]</a></td> <td>aire</td> <td>[ˈäi̯ɾ̞e̞]</td> <td>'air'</td> <td>Tapped; common realization of /ɾ/.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMott2007104,_112-54">[54]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996228%E2%80%93230_and_233-55">[55]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech alphabet">čtyři</a></td> <td>[ˈt͡ʃtɪɹ̝ɪ]</td> <td>'four'</td> <td>May be a <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar fricative trill">fricative trill</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996228%E2%80%93230_and_233-55">[55]</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_tap#Voiced_alveolar_raised_non-sonorant_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar tap">tap fricative</a> instead.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE%C5%A0im%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1Podlipsk%C3%BDChl%C3%A1dkov%C3%A12012226-56">[56]</a> It contrasts with /r/ and /ʒ/. See <a href="/wiki/Czech_phonology" title="Czech phonology">Czech phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dahalo_language" title="Dahalo language">Dahalo</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></td> <td colspan="2" align="center">[káð̠i]</td> <td>'work'</td> <td>Apical; only weakly fricated. It is a common intervocalic allophone of /d̠/, and may be an approximant [<a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation#Advanced_and_retracted" title="Relative articulation">ð̠˕</a>] or simply a plosive [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>] instead.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a><a href="#cite_note-CM199-59">[59]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">voor</a></td> <td>[vöːɹ̝]</td> <td>'for'</td> <td>One of many possible realizations of /r/; distribution unclear. See <a href="/wiki/Dutch_phonology" title="Dutch phonology">Dutch phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emilian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Emilian language">Emilian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_dialect" title="Bolognese dialect">Bolognese</a> </td> <td>chèṡ </td> <td>[ˈkɛːð̠] </td> <td>'case' </td> <td>Laminal </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scouse" title="Scouse">Scouse</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson2007352%E2%80%93353-60">[60]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">maid</a></td> <td>[meɪð̠]</td> <td>'maid'</td> <td>Allophone of /d/. See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">South African</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996236-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOgden200992-62">[62]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">round</a></td> <td>[ɹ̝æʊ̯nd]</td> <td>'round'</td> <td>Apical,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOgden200992-62">[62]</a> present in some urban dialects.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996236-61">[61]</a> See <a href="/wiki/South_African_English_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="South African English phonology">South African English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a><a href="#cite_note-P%C3%A9tursson-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gr%C3%B8nnum-64">[64]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_orthography" title="Icelandic orthography">bróðir</a></td> <td>[ˈpro͡uːð̠ɪr]</td> <td>'brother'</td> <td>Usually apical,<a href="#cite_note-P%C3%A9tursson-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gr%C3%B8nnum-64">[64]</a> may be closer to an <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar approximant">approximant</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_phonology" title="Icelandic phonology">Icelandic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199264%E2%80%9365-65">[65]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian alphabet">terra</a></td> <td>[ˈt̪ɛɹ̝ä]</td> <td>'earth'</td> <td>Apical; corresponds to /rr/ in standard Italian.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199264%E2%80%9365-65">[65]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Italian_phonology" title="Italian phonology">Italian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></td> <td>mooar</td> <td>[muːɹ̝]</td> <td>'big'</td> <td>Common word-final realization of /r/. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMott2007112-66">[66]</a></td> <td>Aragonese</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">aire</a></td> <td>[ˈäi̯ɾ̞e̞]</td> <td>'air'</td> <td>Tapped; possible realization of /ɾ/.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMott2007112-66">[66]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></td> <td>Central Standard<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999141-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngstrand2004167-68">[68]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_orthography" title="Swedish orthography">vandrare</a></td> <td>[²vän̪ːd̪ɹ̝äɹɛ]</td> <td>'wanderer'</td> <td>Allophone of /r/ around the Stockholm area. See <a href="/wiki/Swedish_phonology" title="Swedish phonology">Swedish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tacana_language" title="Tacana language">Tacana</a><a href="#cite_note-tacana-69">[69]</a></td> <td colspan="2">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE">example needed</a>]</td> <td></td> <td>Tapped.<a href="#cite_note-tacana-69">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYavuzBalc%C4%B1201125-70">[70]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">rüya</a></td> <td>[ˈɾ̞yːjɑ]</td> <td>'dream'</td> <td>Tapped; word-initial allophone of /ɾ/.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYavuzBalc%C4%B1201125-70">[70]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Turkish_phonology" title="Turkish phonology">Turkish phonology</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Voiced_lateral-median_fricative">Voiced lateral-median fricative</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Voiced lateral-median fricative" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ʫ</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ð̠ˡ</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ɮ͡ð̠</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ɮ͡z</th></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiceless dental lateral–median fricative</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ʫ̪</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ðˡ</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">ɮ̪͡ð</th></tr></tbody></table> The voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative (also known as a "lisp" fricative) is a consonantal sound. Consonants is pronounced with simultaneous lateral and central airflow. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features_3">Features</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a>, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing <a href="/wiki/Turbulence" title="Turbulence">turbulence</a>. However, it does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a>, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ridge">alveolar ridge</a>, termed respectively <a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.</li> <li>It is an <a href="/wiki/Oral_consonant" title="Oral consonant">oral consonant</a>, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">lateral consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occurrence_3">Occurrence</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Occurrence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic dialects">Arabic</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rijal_Alma_(speech_variety)" title="Rijal Alma (speech variety)">Rijal Almaʽa</a> </td> <td>ضبع </td> <td>[ðˡˤabʕ] </td> <td>'hyena' </td> <td>Classical Arabic *ɮˁ and Modern Standard Arabic [dˤ] </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mehri_language" title="Mehri language">Mehri</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> </td> <td>ذوفر </td> <td>[ðˡˤoːfar] </td> <td>'plait' </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tongue_shape" title="Tongue shape">Tongue shape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">Apical consonant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">Laminal consonant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_phonetics_articles" title="Index of phonetics articles">Index of phonetics articles</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PNFK-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PNFK_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PNFK_1-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPuppelNawrocka-FisiakKrassowska1977">Puppel, Nawrocka-Fisiak & Krassowska (1977</a>:149), cited in <a href="#CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996">Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996</a>:154) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozintseva19957-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozintseva19957_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKozintseva1995">Kozintseva (1995)</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAxundov1983115,_136,_139–142-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAxundov1983115,_136,_139%E2%80%93142_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAxundov1983">Axundov (1983)</a>, pp. 115, 136, 139–142. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadluzhny198947-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadluzhny198947_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPadluzhny1989">Padluzhny (1989)</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlagstad195846-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlagstad195846_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlagstad1958">Klagstad (1958)</a>, p. 46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPalková1994228-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPalkov%C3%A11994228_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPalkov%C3%A11994">Palková (1994)</a>, p. 228. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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href="http://www.balsas-nahuatl.org/mixtec/Christian_articles/Otomanguean/Merrill.pdf">"Tilquiapan Zapotec"</a> (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100308003344">10.1017/S0025100308003344</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Tilquiapan+Zapotec&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=107-114&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100308003344&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balsas-nahuatl.org%2Fmixtec%2FChristian_articles%2FOtomanguean%2FMerrill.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+alveolar+fricative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sloven%C5%A1%C4%8Dina+za+Poljake%3A+Kurs+podstawowy+j%C4%99zyka+s%C5%82owe%C5%84skiego&rft.place=Katowice&rft.pub=Uniwersytet+%C5%9Al%C4%85ski&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Pretnar&rft.aufirst=Tone&rft.au=Tokarz%2C+Emil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+alveolar+fricative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuppelNawrocka-FisiakKrassowska1977" class="citation cs2">Puppel, Stanisław; Nawrocka-Fisiak, Jadwiga; Krassowska, Halina (1977), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=izVHAAAAIAAJ">A handbook of Polish pronunciation for English learners</a>, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788301012885" 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(1963), Uzbek Structural Grammar, Uralic and Altaic Series, vol. 18, Bloomington: Indiana University</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uzbek+Structural+Grammar&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.series=Uralic+and+Altaic+Series&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Sjoberg&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9e+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+alveolar+fricative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzende1999" class="citation cs2">Szende, Tamás (1999), "Hungarian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 104–107, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65236-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65236-0"><bdi>978-0-521-65236-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hungarian&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=104-107&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65236-0&rft.aulast=Szende&rft.aufirst=Tam%C3%A1s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+alveolar+fricative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThelwall1990" class="citation cs2">Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37–41, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300004266">10.1017/S0025100300004266</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243640727">243640727</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Arabic&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=37-41&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300004266&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243640727%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Thelwall&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+alveolar+fricative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1987" class="citation cs2">Thompson, Laurence C. 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(2005), The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925814-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925814-7"><bdi>978-0-19-925814-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+Of+Catalan&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-925814-7&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Max+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+alveolar+fricative" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYavuzBalcı2011" class="citation cs2">Yavuz, Handan; Balcı, Ayla (2011), Turkish Phonology and Morphology, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a 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International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 154–158, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65236-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65236-0"><bdi>978-0-521-65236-0</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uta.edu/faculty/cmfitz/swnal/projects/CoLang/courses/Transcription/rosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2018-07-25, retrieved 2015-04-12</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Turkish&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=154-158&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65236-0&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.au=Orgun%2C+Orhan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uta.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fcmfitz%2Fswnal%2Fprojects%2FCoLang%2Fcourses%2FTranscription%2Frosettaproject_tur_phon-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+alveolar+fricative" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=z">List of languages with [z]</a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=%C9%B9%CC%9D">List of languages with [ɹ̝]</a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=%C9%BE%CC%9E">List of languages with [ɾ̞]</a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&oldid=1260790096">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&oldid=1260790096</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_alveolar_fricative&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 2 December 2024, at 17:04 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmhafter_alveolarer_Frikativ" title="Stimmhafter alveolarer Frikativ – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stimmhafter alveolarer Frikativ" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لثوي احتكاكي مجهور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لثوي احتكاكي مجهور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_alveolar_sonora" title="Fricativa alveolar sonora – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fricativa alveolar sonora" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="ঘোষ দন্তমূলীয় উষ্মধ্বনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘোষ দন্তমূলীয় উষ্মধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%CC%8Dk_kh%C3%AD-g%C3%BBn_chhat-im" title="Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cho̍k khí-gûn chhat-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Звучна венечна шипяща проходна съгласна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Звучна венечна шипяща проходна съгласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruzenn_logigo%C3%B9_mouezhiet" title="Ruzenn logigoù mouezhiet – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ruzenn logigoù mouezhiet" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_alveolar_sonora" title="Fricativa alveolar sonora – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fricativa alveolar sonora" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zn%C4%9Bl%C3%A1_alveol%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_frikativa" title="Znělá alveolární frikativa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Znělá alveolární frikativa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmhafter_alveolarer_Frikativ" title="Stimmhafter alveolarer Frikativ – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stimmhafter alveolarer Frikativ" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_alveolar_sonora" title="Fricativa alveolar sonora – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fricativa alveolar sonora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonne_fricative_alv%C3%A9olaire_vois%C3%A9e" title="Consonne fricative alvéolaire voisée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consonne fricative alvéolaire voisée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%84%B1_%EC%B9%98%EA%B2%BD_%EB%A7%88%EC%B0%B0%EC%9D%8C" title="유성 치경 마찰음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유성 치경 마찰음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_alveolarni_frikativ" title="Zvučni alveolarni frikativ – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zvučni alveolarni frikativ" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsonan_geser_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan geser rongga-gigi bersuara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsonan geser rongga-gigi bersuara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_alveolare_sonora" title="Fricativa alveolare sonora – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fricativa alveolare sonora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9A_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7,_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="עיצור מכתשי, חוכך שורק, קולי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצור מכתשי, חוכך שורק, קולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stumh%C3%B6bbendjen_alveolaire_fricatief" title="Stumhöbbendjen alveolaire fricatief – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Stumhöbbendjen alveolaire fricatief" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geseran_gusi_bersuara" title="Geseran gusi bersuara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Geseran gusi bersuara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemhebbende_alveolaire_fricatief" title="Stemhebbende alveolaire fricatief – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stemhebbende alveolaire fricatief" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%A3%B0%E6%AD%AF%E8%8C%8E%E6%91%A9%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="有声歯茎摩擦音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有声歯茎摩擦音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_szczelinowa_dzi%C4%85s%C5%82owa_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska szczelinowa dziąsłowa dźwięczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spółgłoska szczelinowa dziąsłowa dźwięczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_alveolar_sonora" title="Fricativa alveolar sonora – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fricativa alveolar sonora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_fricativ%C4%83_alveolar%C4%83_sonor%C4%83" title="Consoană fricativă alveolară sonoră – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consoană fricativă alveolară sonoră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Звонкий альвеолярный сибилянт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Звонкий альвеолярный сибилянт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voiced alveolar fricative" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Звучни надзубни фрикатив – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Звучни надзубни фрикатив" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soinnillinen_alveolaarinen_sibilantti" title="Soinnillinen alveolaarinen sibilantti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Soinnillinen alveolaarinen sibilantti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonande_alveolar_frikativa" title="Tonande alveolar frikativa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tonande alveolar frikativa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="เสียงเสียดแทรก ปุ่มเหงือก ก้อง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสียงเสียดแทรก ปุ่มเหงือก ก้อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96t%C3%BCml%C3%BC_di%C5%9Fyuvas%C4%B1l_s%C3%BCrt%C3%BCnmeli_%C3%BCns%C3%BCz" title="Ötümlü dişyuvasıl sürtünmeli ünsüz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ötümlü dişyuvasıl sürtünmeli ünsüz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дзвінкий ясенний фрикативний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дзвінкий ясенний фрикативний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fregadiva_alveo%C5%82are_sonora" title="Fregadiva alveołare sonora – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fregadiva alveołare sonora" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁齒齦擦音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="濁齒齦擦音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 December 2024, at 17:04 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6dfcdd5ff5-xx7tc","wgBackendResponseTime":216,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.491","walltime":"2.789","ppvisitednodes":{"value":25101,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":672584,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":61763,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":30,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":237309,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2388.878 1 -total"," 20.77% 496.256 1 Template:IPA_navigation"," 18.46% 440.880 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 14.42% 344.428 4 Template:IPA_common"," 13.01% 310.890 58 Template:Citation"," 11.05% 263.907 80 Template:Lang"," 10.56% 252.258 261 Template:IPA_link"," 10.15% 242.355 8 Template:Infobox_IPA"," 9.60% 229.398 8 Template:Infobox_IPA/core1"," 9.43% 225.193 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