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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Asili_na_ustawi_wa_Utawa_wa_Toba_(1209-1517)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asili_na_ustawi_wa_Utawa_wa_Toba_(1209-1517)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Asili na ustawi wa Utawa wa Toba (1209-1517)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Asili_na_ustawi_wa_Utawa_wa_Toba_(1209-1517)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Asili na ustawi wa Utawa wa Toba (1209-1517) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Asili_na_ustawi_wa_Utawa_wa_Toba_(1209-1517)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fransisko_wa_Asizi_katika_tapo_la_toba_(hadi_mwaka_1226)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fransisko_wa_Asizi_katika_tapo_la_toba_(hadi_mwaka_1226)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Fransisko wa Asizi katika tapo la toba (hadi mwaka 1226)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fransisko_wa_Asizi_katika_tapo_la_toba_(hadi_mwaka_1226)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uenezi_(1227-1300)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uenezi_(1227-1300)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Uenezi (1227-1300)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uenezi_(1227-1300)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Watersyari_kuzidi_kutofautiana_(1300-1517)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Watersyari_kuzidi_kutofautiana_(1300-1517)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Watersyari kuzidi kutofautiana (1300-1517)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Watersyari_kuzidi_kutofautiana_(1300-1517)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanuni_tofauti_kwa_Wasekulari_na_Waregulari_(1517-1762)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanuni_tofauti_kwa_Wasekulari_na_Waregulari_(1517-1762)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kanuni tofauti kwa Wasekulari na Waregulari (1517-1762)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kanuni_tofauti_kwa_Wasekulari_na_Waregulari_(1517-1762)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Kanuni tofauti kwa Wasekulari na Waregulari (1517-1762) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kanuni_tofauti_kwa_Wasekulari_na_Waregulari_(1517-1762)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Waregulari_kukomaa_kama_watawa_hasa_(1517-1762)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waregulari_kukomaa_kama_watawa_hasa_(1517-1762)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Waregulari kukomaa kama watawa hasa (1517-1762)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waregulari_kukomaa_kama_watawa_hasa_(1517-1762)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wasekulari_kuzidi_kuenea_(1517-1762)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wasekulari_kuzidi_kuenea_(1517-1762)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Wasekulari kuzidi kuenea (1517-1762)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wasekulari_kuzidi_kuenea_(1517-1762)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wasekulari_na_Waregulari_nyakati_zetu_(1762-2024)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wasekulari_na_Waregulari_nyakati_zetu_(1762-2024)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Wasekulari na Waregulari nyakati zetu (1762-2024)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wasekulari_na_Waregulari_nyakati_zetu_(1762-2024)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Wasekulari na Waregulari nyakati zetu (1762-2024) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Wasekulari_na_Waregulari_nyakati_zetu_(1762-2024)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Waregulari_kudhulumiwa_halafu_kuongezeka_ajabu_(1762-2024)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waregulari_kudhulumiwa_halafu_kuongezeka_ajabu_(1762-2024)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Waregulari kudhulumiwa halafu kuongezeka ajabu (1762-2024)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waregulari_kudhulumiwa_halafu_kuongezeka_ajabu_(1762-2024)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wasekulari_kufikia_kilele_cha_ustawi_wao_(1762-2024)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wasekulari_kufikia_kilele_cha_ustawi_wao_(1762-2024)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Wasekulari kufikia kilele cha ustawi wao (1762-2024)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wasekulari_kufikia_kilele_cha_ustawi_wao_(1762-2024)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tazama_pia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tazama_pia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tazama pia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tazama_pia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanbihi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanbihi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tanbihi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanbihi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marejeo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marejeo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Marejeo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marejeo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viungo_vya_nje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Viungo vya nje</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Viungo_vya_nje-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Viungo vya nje subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vya_Kanisa_Katoliki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vya_Kanisa_Katoliki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Vya Kanisa Katoliki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vya_Kanisa_Katoliki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vya_Ushirika_wa_Anglikana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vya_Ushirika_wa_Anglikana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Vya Ushirika wa Anglikana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vya_Ushirika_wa_Anglikana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Utawa wa Tatu wa Mt. Fransisko</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 7 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 7</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercer_Orde_Regular_de_Sant_Francesc" title="Tercer Orde Regular de Sant Francesc – Kikatalani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tercer Orde Regular de Sant Francesc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kikatalani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Order_Regular_of_Saint_Francis_of_Penance" title="Third Order Regular of Saint Francis of Penance – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Third Order Regular of Saint Francis of Penance" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franjevci_tre%C4%87oredci_glagolja%C5%A1i" title="Franjevci trećoredci glagoljaši – Kikorasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Franjevci trećoredci glagoljaši" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kikorasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terzo_ordine_regolare_di_San_Francesco" title="Terzo ordine regolare di San Francesco – Kiitaliano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terzo ordine regolare di San Francesco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Kiitaliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trzeci_Zakon_Regularny" title="Trzeci Zakon Regularny – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Trzeci Zakon Regularny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceira_Ordem_Regular_de_S%C3%A3o_Francisco" title="Terceira Ordem Regular de São Francisco – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terceira Ordem Regular de São Francisco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Третій регулярний орден Святого Франциска – Kiukraini" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Третій регулярний орден Святого Франциска" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Kiukraini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13612088#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hariri viungo vya lugha zingine" class="wbc-editpage">Hariri viungo</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Maeneo ya wiki"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko" title="Onyesha kurasa zilizopo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Makala</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano:Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Mazungumzo kuhusu makala (bado haujaandikwa) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Majadiliano</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Badilisha lahaja ya lugha" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kiswahili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mitazamo"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=history" title="Mapitio ya awali ya ukurasa huu [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zana" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zana</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Zana</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vitendo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=history"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kijumla </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VingoViungavyoUkurasahuu/Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote za Wiki zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Viungo viungavyo ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RecentChangesLinked/Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko" rel="nofollow" title="Mabadiliko ya karibuni ya katika kurasa zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Mabadiliko husika</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sw" title="Pakia picha, video, au sauti [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Pakia faili</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaMaalum" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote maalumu [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Kurasa maalumu</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&oldid=1330498" title="Kiungo cha daima cha kufikisha pitio hili la ukurasa"><span>Kiungo cha daima</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Maelezo ya ukurasa</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Taja&page=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&id=1330498&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Taarifa juu ya njia ya kutaja ukurasa huu"><span>Taja ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUtawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko"><span>Pata URL iliyofupishwa</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUtawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko"><span>Pakua msimbo wa QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chapa/peleka nje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kusanya&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Utawa+wa+Tatu+wa+Mt.+Fransisko"><span>Tunga kitabu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:DownloadAsPdf&page=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pakua kama PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&printable=yes" title="Toleo linalochapika la ukurasa huu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ukurasa wa kuchapika</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Miradi mingine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Third_Order_Regular_of_Saint_Francis_of_Penance" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sw" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Order_of_Friars_Minor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Order_of_Friars_Minor.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Order_of_Friars_Minor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Order_of_Friars_Minor.svg/225px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Order_of_Friars_Minor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Order_of_Friars_Minor.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Order_of_Friars_Minor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption>Ngao ya Utawa wa Ndugu Wadogo.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Utawa wa Tatu wa Mt. Fransisko</b> ni <a href="/wiki/Kundi" title="Kundi">kundi</a> kubwa kuliko yote ndani ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Familia_ya_kiroho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Familia ya kiroho (bado haujaandikwa)">familia ya kiroho</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Wafransisko" title="Wafransisko">Wafransisko</a>. Kwa asili walikuwa <a href="/wiki/Wakristo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakristo">Wakristo</a> wa kawaida waliopenda kujiunga na <a href="/wiki/Fransisko_wa_Asizi" title="Fransisko wa Asizi">Fransisko wa Asizi</a> na <a href="/wiki/Harakati" title="Harakati">harakati</a> aliyoianzisha ndani ya <a href="/wiki/Kanisa_Katoliki" title="Kanisa Katoliki">Kanisa Katoliki</a>. Wengi wao walikuwa watu wenye <a href="/wiki/Ndoa" title="Ndoa">ndoa</a> na hivyo hawakuweza kuingia katika <a href="/wiki/Jumuiya" title="Jumuiya">jumuiya</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Watawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Watawa">watawa</a> <a href="/wiki/Wanaume" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanaume">wanaume</a> ("utawa wa kwanza") au ya ma<a href="/wiki/Sista" title="Sista">sista</a> ("utawa wa pili") waliofuata <a href="/wiki/Kanuni" title="Kanuni">kanuni</a> za Kifransisko. Kwa hiyo Fransisko aliwapa <a href="/wiki/Mwongozo" title="Mwongozo">mwongozo</a> wa pekee wa kuishi kama jumuiya za Wakristo wa "utawa wa tatu". </p><p>Baadaye Wakristo kadhaa kutoka jumuiya za <a href="/wiki/Utawa_wa_Tatu" title="Utawa wa Tatu">Utawa wa Tatu</a> walianza kuishi pamoja kwa namna zilizofanana zaidi na <a href="/wiki/Maisha" title="Maisha">maisha</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Mmonaki" title="Mmonaki">kimonaki</a> lakini walibaki katika Utawa wa Tatu. </p><p>Leo hii kuna <a href="/wiki/Tawi" title="Tawi">matawi</a> mawili ndani ya Utawa wa Tatu: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wasekulari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wasekulari (bado haujaandikwa)">Wasekulari</a> ambao ni Wakristo wa kawaida, wengi wenye <a href="/wiki/Familia" title="Familia">familia</a>, wanaofuata utaratibu wa pamoja wa <a href="/wiki/Sala" title="Sala">sala</a> na mikutano ya kiroho na <a href="/wiki/Kazi" title="Kazi">kazi</a> za kijamii. <a href="/wiki/Neno" title="Neno">Neno</a> "Sekulari" linamaanisha "ki-dunia (kwa <a href="/wiki/Kiing." class="mw-redirect" title="Kiing.">Kiing.</a> secular<i>, kutoka </i><a href="/wiki/Kilat." class="mw-redirect" title="Kilat.">Kilat.</a> saeculum, <a href="/wiki/Dunia" title="Dunia">dunia</a>), yaani wanaishi maisha ya kawaida katika mambo ya dunia.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waregulari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waregulari (bado haujaandikwa)">Waregulari</a> ambao wameamua kuishi bila ndoa katika <a href="/wiki/Nidhamu" title="Nidhamu">nidhamu</a> ya kanuni ya kitawa (<i><a href="/wiki/Lat." class="mw-redirect" title="Lat.">lat.</a> "regula"</i>) ya jumuiya yao.</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asili_na_ustawi_wa_Utawa_wa_Toba_(1209-1517)"><span id="Asili_na_ustawi_wa_Utawa_wa_Toba_.281209-1517.29"></span>Asili na ustawi wa Utawa wa Toba (1209-1517)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hariri sehemu: Asili na ustawi wa Utawa wa Toba (1209-1517)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Asili na ustawi wa Utawa wa Toba (1209-1517)"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fransisko_wa_Asizi_katika_tapo_la_toba_(hadi_mwaka_1226)"><span id="Fransisko_wa_Asizi_katika_tapo_la_toba_.28hadi_mwaka_1226.29"></span>Fransisko wa Asizi katika tapo la toba (hadi mwaka 1226)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Hariri sehemu: Fransisko wa Asizi katika tapo la toba (hadi mwaka 1226)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Fransisko wa Asizi katika tapo la toba (hadi mwaka 1226)"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tangu mwanzo <a href="/wiki/Kanisa" title="Kanisa">Kanisa</a> liliona kufanya <a href="/wiki/Dhambi" title="Dhambi">dhambi</a> na <a href="/wiki/Toba" title="Toba">toba</a> si jambo la binafsi tu, bali linaathiri wengine pia. Ndiyo sababu liliwadai waamini <a href="/wiki/Malipizi" title="Malipizi">malipizi</a> ili kuwapa <a href="/wiki/Msamaha" title="Msamaha">msamaha</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Mungu" title="Mungu">Mungu</a>, na waliopaswa kuyafanya waliandikishwa katika orodha rasmi ya <a href="/wiki/Watubu" title="Watubu">Watubu</a> (Ordo Poenitentium). Kitubio cha siri kiliposhika nafasi ya utaratibu huo, wengi walijiamulia kufanya malipizi ya hadhara hata kwa dhambi za wengine wakajulikana kama Watubu. Toba ni neno la msingi katika <a href="/wiki/Historia_ya_Kanisa" title="Historia ya Kanisa">historia ya Kanisa</a>. Maana yake asili ni kujitoa kabisa kwa Mungu na kuishi kadiri ya <a href="/wiki/Injili" title="Injili">Injili</a>, lakini Wakristo wa <a href="/wiki/Karne_za_kati" class="mw-redirect" title="Karne za kati">karne za kati</a> waliona inadai sana huzuni na fidia kwa dhambi za binafsi na za <a href="/wiki/Ulimwengu" title="Ulimwengu">ulimwengu</a>. Mtubu, akiwa peke yake au pamoja na wengine, alitarajiwa kuacha kazi zilizotazamwa ni kinyume cha Injili (k.mf. <a href="/wiki/Biashara" title="Biashara">biashara</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uaskari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uaskari (bado haujaandikwa)">uaskari</a>), kujitenga na jamii ili kufungamana zaidi na Mungu kwa maisha ya <a href="/wiki/Sala" title="Sala">sala</a> na <a href="/wiki/Tafakuri" title="Tafakuri">tafakuri</a>, kuhiji, kufunga, kujinyima, kutoa <a href="/wiki/Sadaka" title="Sadaka">sadaka</a> na kujitesa kwa <a href="/wiki/Wokovu" title="Wokovu">wokovu</a> wake na wa wote. Wengi kati yao walikuwa wanawake, hasa wa koo bora, kama mama wa <a href="/wiki/Klara_wa_Asizi" title="Klara wa Asizi">Klara wa Asizi</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tapo_la_toba" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapo la toba">Tapo la toba</a> liliwahusu walei, ambao baadhi yao wakawa baadaye watawa na hata makleri, tunavyoona kati ya <a href="/wiki/Wahumiliati" title="Wahumiliati">Wahumiliati</a> waliostawi kidogo tu kabla ya <a href="/wiki/Fransisko_wa_Asizi" title="Fransisko wa Asizi">Fransisko wa Asizi</a>. Wakati huo walei walihesabiwa kama ngazi ya chini (ya tatu) baada ya makleri na watawa. Uenezi wa Watubu ukasababisha wapewe na <a href="/wiki/Sheria" title="Sheria">sheria</a> hadhi ya pekee, kwa kuwahesabu kama kundi maalumu kati ya walei na watawa, na kuwapa <a href="/wiki/Haki" title="Haki">haki</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fadhili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fadhili (bado haujaandikwa)">fadhili</a> kadhaa za watawa. Watubu walikuwa walei, lakini wa pekee kutokana na azimio lao (propositum) lililowadai zaidi katika mengi. Kwanza walikuwa wanashika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Usafi_kamili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usafi kamili (bado haujaandikwa)">usafi kamili</a>, lakini kuanzia karne XII baadhi yao wenye <a href="/wiki/Ndoa" title="Ndoa">ndoa</a> waliahidi tu kujinyima ndoa ya pili (wakifiwa) na hata <a href="/wiki/Tendo_la_ndoa" title="Tendo la ndoa">tendo la ndoa</a> siku za kufunga chakula na za kupokea <a href="/wiki/Sakramenti" title="Sakramenti">sakramenti</a>. </p><p>Mambo ya namna hiyo yanasomwa katika maisha ya Fransisko, kwa jinsi alivyoathiriwa na roho hiyo. Ndiyo sababu alipozungumzia maisha yake mapya alitumia neno “toba”, na jina asili la kundi lake lilikuwa “Watubu wa Asizi”. Baadaye ukubwa wa <a href="/wiki/Karama" title="Karama">karama</a> yake ulimfanya ajitokeze kama kiongozi wa tapo hilo, kwa kuwa namna yake ya kuelewa Injili iliathiri Watubu wengi walioanza kumfuata. <a href="/wiki/Thoma_wa_Celano" title="Thoma wa Celano">Thoma wa Celano</a> aliandika (1229) kwamba, “kwa <a href="/wiki/Uvuvio" title="Uvuvio">uvuvio</a> wa Mungu, watu wengi, maarufu kwa wadogo, makleri kwa walei, walimkaribia mtakatifu Fransisko wakijitolea kuishi chini ya uongozi wake na ualimu wake. Hao wote aliwashirikisha maji tele ya <a href="/wiki/Neema" title="Neema">neema</a> za mbinguni ambayo yalibubujika toka rohoni mwake na kustawisha maua ya <a href="/wiki/Maadili" title="Maadili">maadili</a> katika shamba la mioyo yao. Wanaume kwa wanawake walifuata mifano yake, <a href="/wiki/Kanuni" title="Kanuni">kanuni</a> yake na mafundisho yake; hivyo tunapaswa kumtangaza kwa haki mtendaji asiye na kifani wa hali mpya ya Kanisa na wa ushindi wa majeshi matatu ya wateule. Aliwapa wote mwongozo wa maisha na kadiri ya hali ya kila mmoja alielekeza kwa <a href="/wiki/Unyofu" title="Unyofu">unyofu</a> njia ya wokovu”. Hayo yalianza kutokea muda mfupi baada ya kukubaliwa na <a href="/wiki/Papa_Inosenti_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Inosenti III">Papa Inosenti III</a> (1198-1216), alipohubiri huko na huko (1211). </p><p>Kesi ya pekee ni ile ya kijiji cha <a href="/wiki/Greccio" title="Greccio">Greccio</a>, aliposhangaa kuona kilivyojaa Watubu wengi kuliko wale wa miji mikubwa. “Mara nyingi, ndugu walipoimba <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masifu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masifu (bado haujaandikwa)">Masifu</a> ya Jioni, kama walivyofanya sehemu nyingine nyingi, watu wa kijiji hicho, wakubwa kwa wadogo, walitoka nje ya nyumba zao na kusimama barabarani na kuwaitikia ndugu kwa sauti kubwa, Asifiwe <a href="/wiki/Bwana" title="Bwana">Bwana</a> Mungu wetu!” (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Simulizi_la_Perugia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simulizi la Perugia (bado haujaandikwa)">Simulizi la Perugia</a>). Tangu zamani baadhi ya walei walikusanyika kuishi kando ya <a href="/wiki/Monasteri" title="Monasteri">monasteri</a> ili kufaidika nazo kiroho na ki<a href="/wiki/Uchumi" title="Uchumi">uchumi</a>. Baadhi yao waliweza kujifunga kwa namna mbalimbali waishi kwa <a href="/wiki/Useja" title="Useja">useja</a>, au kwa <a href="/wiki/Uadilifu" class="mw-redirect" title="Uadilifu">uadilifu</a>, au kwa <a href="/wiki/Utiifu" title="Utiifu">utiifu</a> au kwa kufuata kanuni maalumu. Ikawa vilevile kwa <a href="/wiki/Wakanoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakanoni">Wakanoni</a>, aina mpya za watawa. Mageuzi ya jamii yalipozidi kuvuta watu mijini ili wafanye <a href="/wiki/Kazi" title="Kazi">kazi</a> tofauti na <a href="/wiki/Kilimo" title="Kilimo">kilimo</a>, walei wengi waliona <a href="/wiki/Mashirika_ya_Ombaomba" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashirika ya Ombaomba">Mashirika ya Ombaomba</a> yanalingana zaidi na mahitaji yao ya kiroho, wakayafuata kama Watubu. Bila ya kuacha kazi zao mpya wala ndoa wakaanza kuvaa nguo ya kitawa ya shirika husika (walau joho), nyeusi kwa <a href="/wiki/Wadominiko" title="Wadominiko">Wadominiko</a>, ya kijivu kwa <a href="/wiki/Wafransisko" title="Wafransisko">Wafransisko</a>. Hata kabla Fransisko hajafa, walikuwepo Watubu, hasa wanawake, walioamua kuishi pamoja ili kushika vizuri zaidi azimio lao; k.mf. mwaka 1213 kulikuwa na jumuia ya kike huko <a href="/wiki/Padua" class="mw-redirect" title="Padua">Padua</a>. </p><p>Fransisko, akiwajibika kwa watu hao, aliwaandikia aina ya kanuni katika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barua_kwa_Waamini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barua kwa Waamini (bado haujaandikwa)">Barua kwa Waamini</a> (1215), alimojumlisha mahubiri yake kwa waliotamani kushika toba nyumbani kwao. Katika toleo la pili la barua hiyo (1221) akaongeza mawaidha na miongozo akitanguliza dibaji iliyo nzito ki<a href="/wiki/Teolojia" title="Teolojia">teolojia</a> na kiroho. </p><p>Chini ya Inosenti III, na zaidi chini ya <a href="/wiki/Papa_Honori_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Honori III">Papa Honori III</a> (1216-1227), hasa kwa juhudi za <a href="/wiki/Kardinali" title="Kardinali">Kardinali</a> Ugolino, Kanisa lilikusudia kulipa tapo la toba <a href="/wiki/Umoja" title="Umoja">umoja</a> na muundo fulani, pamoja na kulikinga dhidi ya <a href="/wiki/Uzushi" title="Uzushi">uzushi</a>. Hivyo lilitunga kanuni maalumu (1221) kwa kuchota mengi katika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azimio_la_Wahumiliati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azimio la Wahumiliati (bado haujaandikwa)">Azimio la Wahumiliati</a> lililokubaliwa mwaka 1201. Kanuni hiyo mpya iliitwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumbukumbu_ya_Azimio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumbukumbu ya Azimio (bado haujaandikwa)">Kumbukumbu ya Azimio</a> (Memoriale Propositi) ikarekebishwa 1228. Hiyo ni sheria hasa yenye namba 39. Ya kwanza inahusu uduni wa mavazi; halafu kuna katazo la kuhudhuria karamu, tamasha na michezo; agizo la <a href="/wiki/Kufunga_chakula" class="mw-redirect" title="Kufunga chakula">kufunga chakula</a> mara moja au mbili kwa wiki; la kusali Masifu kama makleri au <a href="/wiki/Baba_Yetu" class="mw-redirect" title="Baba Yetu">Baba Yetu</a> kadhaa; la kupokea <a href="/wiki/Ekaristi" title="Ekaristi">ekaristi</a> kwenye <a href="/wiki/Noeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Noeli">Noeli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasaka" title="Pasaka">Pasaka</a> na <a href="/wiki/Pentekoste" title="Pentekoste">Pentekoste</a>; la kulipa <a href="/wiki/Zaka" title="Zaka">zaka</a>; la kutotumia <a href="/wiki/Silaha" title="Silaha">silaha</a> na kutokula <a href="/wiki/Kiapo" title="Kiapo">kiapo</a> kwa kawaida; la kufanya <a href="/wiki/Familia" title="Familia">familia</a> nzima iishi Kikristo; la kukutana mara moja kwa mwezi kwa <a href="/wiki/Misa" title="Misa">Misa</a>, mafundisho na mchango kwa ndugu na wengineo wenye shida; la mtumishi kutembelea ndugu wagonjwa kila wiki; la kushiriki <a href="/wiki/Mazishi" title="Mazishi">mazishi</a> ya ndugu na kuwaombea; la kuandika <a href="/wiki/Wasia" title="Wasia">wasia</a> mapema ili kuzuia ugomvi; la kupatana kidugu; la kuungama kila mwezi. Kati ya masharti ya kumpokea ndugu mpya, lipo la kutokuwa na madeni, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uadui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uadui (bado haujaandikwa)">uadui</a> na uzushi; pia <a href="/wiki/Mwanamke" title="Mwanamke">mwanamke</a> awe na ruhusa ya <a href="/wiki/Mume" title="Mume">mume</a>. Baada ya mwaka wa jaribio, anayefaa aweke ahadi kwa maisha yote asiweze kuacha jamaa tena isipokuwa kwa kuingia shirikani. Pia kuna taratibu za kusamehe na za kufukuza ndugu. Hatimaye kuna maelezo ya kuwa kuvunja kanuni si dhambi, ingawa kunastahili <a href="/wiki/Adhabu" title="Adhabu">adhabu</a>. Kwa jumla hakuna mambo ya pekee ya Kifransisko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uenezi_(1227-1300)"><span id="Uenezi_.281227-1300.29"></span>Uenezi (1227-1300)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Hariri sehemu: Uenezi (1227-1300)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Uenezi (1227-1300)"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ugolino, kisha kuchaguliwa awe <a href="/wiki/Papa_Gregori_IX" title="Papa Gregori IX">Papa Gregori IX</a> (1227-1241), aliwaandikia Ma<a href="/wiki/Askofu" title="Askofu">askofu</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> (1227) juu ya aina mbili za Watubu: wale wa kawaida walioishi nyumbani kwao, na wale walioishi upwekeni kwa mfano wa watawa halisi: ndio msingi wa tofauti kati ya OFS na TOR iliyoratibiwa baadaye. Mwenyewe aliandika pia (1238) kwamba Fransisko alianzisha aina tatu za utawa: “ule wa Ndugu Wadogo, ule wa Akina Dada wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugo (bado haujaandikwa)">Ugo</a> na ule wa Watubu”. </p><p>Jambo linalodhihirisha umuhimu wa Ufransisko ni uenezi wa aina hiyo ya tatu katika <a href="/wiki/Ulaya" title="Ulaya">Ulaya</a> ya karne XIII, unaothibitishwa na hati nyingi zilizotolewa na Mapapa ili kuitetea. Ingawa hatuwezi kujua idadi yao, walienea haraka nje ya Italia, hasa <a href="/wiki/Ujerumani" title="Ujerumani">Ujerumani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa">Ufaransa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uswisi" title="Uswisi">Uswisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubelgiji" title="Ubelgiji">Ubelgiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uholanzi" title="Uholanzi">Uholanzi</a> na <a href="/wiki/Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>. Kwa njia hiyo ujumbe wa Injili wa upendo na amani ulipenya maisha ya familia, kazi na mazingira yote ya kila siku, ukiunganisha watawala na <a href="/wiki/Raia" title="Raia">raia</a>, wakubwa na wadogo, wasomi na mafundi wa kila aina. Hao Ndugu wa Toba walijisikia viungo si vya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chama_cha_kitume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chama cha kitume (bado haujaandikwa)">chama cha kitume</a> kama vingine vingi, bali vya utawa wa kimataifa, wenye sura na haki za pekee. Kilichowapa nguvu ni fadhili walizopewa na Mapapa: zile zilizotolewa zamani kwa Watubu wote ziliongezewa kwa Wafransisko wa sehemu mbalimbali. Muhimu hasa ni ile ya kutopaswa kuapa uaminifu kwa mtawala, uliodai mtu awe tayari kwenda <a href="/wiki/Vita" title="Vita">vitani</a>; halafu ile ya kutopaswa kushika <a href="/wiki/Serikali" title="Serikali">serikalini</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadhifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadhifa (bado haujaandikwa)">wadhifa</a> usiolingana na hali ya kitawa; tena ile ya kutumia <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">mali</a> yao bila ya kuingiliwa (hasa kwa lengo la kumudu <a href="/wiki/Hospitali" title="Hospitali">hospitali</a> na huduma nyingine); hatimaye ile ya kutoweza kuhukumiwa na <a href="/wiki/Mahakama" title="Mahakama">mahakama</a> ya serikali, ila na ile ya Kanisa tu. <a href="/wiki/Papa_Selestini_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Selestini V">Papa Selestini V</a> (1294) alifikia hatua ya kuwapa Watubu wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%E2%80%99Aquila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L’Aquila (bado haujaandikwa)">L’Aquila</a> fadhili ya kutolipa <a href="/wiki/Kodi" title="Kodi">kodi</a>! Bila ya shaka viongozi wa nchi walipinga vikali fadhili hizo zilizodhoofisha <a href="/wiki/Mamlaka" title="Mamlaka">mamlaka</a> yao, wakasumbua sana jamaa za toba. Kwa Kanisa ilikuwa njia ya kupunguza nguvu za mfalme mkuu wa Ujerumani dhidi ya Papa, lakini ilisaidia pia kupunguza vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe huko Italia. </p><p>Ndugu wa Toba walikuwa chini ya mamlaka ya Askofu wa jimbo, aliyetakiwa kusimamia maendeleo yao na kuwatetea mbele ya serikali. Lakini Maaskofu pia walipinga vikali fadhili nyingine muhimu, yaani ile ya kutobanwa na katazo la kushiriki ibada likitolewa na Askofu dhidi ya Wakristo wa eneo fulani. Upinzani huo wote, ukijumlishwa na ule uliowapata <a href="/wiki/Ndugu_Wadogo" title="Ndugu Wadogo">Ndugu Wadogo</a>, unaeleza kwa nini hao walisimamisha mara kadhaa huduma kwa Watubu (k.mf. 1232-1247, halafu 1257-1284). Sababu nyingine ilikuwa kutotaka kulemewa nazo. Hasa watumishi wakuu <a href="/wiki/Elia_Bombarone" title="Elia Bombarone">Elia Bombarone</a> na <a href="/wiki/Bonaventura_wa_Bagnoregio" title="Bonaventura wa Bagnoregio">Bonaventura wa Bagnoregio</a> walizikataa katakata. Hivyo kwa kiasi kikubwa Watubu walijiongoza na kujieneza. Mkutano wa jamaa, chini ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mkaguzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mkaguzi (bado haujaandikwa)">mkaguzi</a> toka nje, ulikuwa na mamlaka ya juu katika kuamua, kuchagua, kufukuza. Polepole jamaa zikafungamana. Zamani za Bonaventura zilikuwa zimeshaunda <a href="/wiki/Kanda" class="mw-disambig" title="Kanda">kanda</a> zikiongozwa na Mtumishi wa kanda; zilikuwa na mikutano mikuu pia zilizokusanya wajumbe wa kanda nyingi, kabla ya mwisho wa karne XIII. </p><p>Pamoja na hayo, jumuia za Watubu walioishi nyumba moja ziliongezeka haraka. Tuna hakika ya kuwepo kwa jumuia hizo nje ya Italia pia: <a href="/wiki/Korasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Korasia">Korasia</a> (1250), Ujerumani (1264), <a href="/wiki/Ureno" title="Ureno">Ureno</a> (1285) na Ufaransa (1287). Kulingana na maelekeo mawili ya Fransisko (moja la toba, sala na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upweke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upweke (bado haujaandikwa)">upweke</a>, lingine la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ushuhuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ushuhuda (bado haujaandikwa)">ushuhuda</a> wa Kiinjili kati ya watu), jumuia hizo zilikazania ama <a href="/wiki/Muungano_na_Mungu" title="Muungano na Mungu">muungano na Mungu</a> ama <a href="/wiki/Huduma" class="mw-disambig" title="Huduma">huduma</a> kwa wenye shida. Toka mwanzo wakaapweke wengi walijiunga na Utawa wa Toba, baadhi yao wakiwa na wafuasi. Jumuia kubwa zaidi zilikuwa zile za kutolea huduma fulani, hasa kutunza wagonjwa. </p><p>Katika hali hiyo <a href="/wiki/Papa_Nikolaus_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Nikolaus IV">Papa Nikola IV</a> (1288-1292), Mfransisko, alitoa (1289) kanuni mpya kwa Watubu wote, wa kiume na wa kike, wa wakati huo na wa wakati ujao, akiwaweka chini ya Ndugu Wadogo kama “wakaguzi na washauri” wao, kwa kumuona Fransisko kama “<a href="/wiki/Mwanzilishi" title="Mwanzilishi">mwanzilishi</a> wa Utawa wa Toba” (tamko ambalo si sahihi ki<a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historia</a>). Kanuni hiyo haikubadili sana sheria za Memoriale, ila ilizipanga vizuri zaidi kulingana na zile za kitawa. Ina sura 20 zenye jumla ya namba 60, ambamo 1-13 zinahusu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mapokezi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mapokezi (bado haujaandikwa)">mapokezi</a> na <a href="/wiki/Ustawi" title="Ustawi">ustawi</a>; 14-42 namna ya kuishi; 42-60 maisha ya kidugu na <a href="/wiki/Uongozi" title="Uongozi">uongozi</a>. Kanuni hiyo iliweza kuchangia ustawi wa Watubu, lakini ilipingwa mapema na mashirika mengine yenye watu wa namna hiyo (k.mf. mwaka 1285 Wadominiko walikuwa wameamua kushughulikia Watubu waliofuata karama yao, hivyo wakaendelea mpaka walipokubaliwa kanuni maalumu mwaka 1405, baada ya mfumo wao kumzaa <a href="/wiki/Katerina_wa_Siena" title="Katerina wa Siena">Katerina wa Siena</a>). Shida nyingine iliyojitokeza ni kwamba kanuni ya Nikola IV haikuzungumzia walioishi kijumuia: hiyo ilizidi kuwaletea matatizo mpaka walipopewa kanuni tofauti (1521). </p><p>Kwa kuwa kanuni hiyo ilikuwa ya tatu kwa Wafransisko (baada ya ile ya Ndugu Wadogo na ile ya Waklara), Utawa wa Toba ulianza kuitwa Utawa III (Tertius Ordo) na washiriki wake wakaitwa <a href="/wiki/Watersyari" class="mw-redirect" title="Watersyari">Watersyari</a> (= Wa tatu). Kumbe kabla ya hapo Tertius Ordo ilimaanisha kundi la tatu la waamini, yaani walei, waliopangwa baada ya makleri na watawa. Wazo la toba pia lilibadilika, na tapo lake likamezwa na Utawa III wa mashirika mbalimbali. </p><p>Watersyari waliweza wakaishi ama nyumbani kwao, ama kijumuia, ama upwekeni (pengine kwa kutunza <a href="/wiki/Patakatifu" title="Patakatifu">patakatifu</a> fulani au kwa kujifungia mahali, k.mf. ndani ya <a href="/wiki/Mnara" title="Mnara">mnara</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Ngome" title="Ngome">ngome</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Mji" title="Mji">mji</a>); waliweza wakaishi katika ndoa au kuahidi <a href="/wiki/Useja" title="Useja">useja</a> n.k. </p><p>Kati yao, waliotangazwa <a href="/wiki/Watakatifu" class="mw-redirect" title="Watakatifu">watakatifu</a> wanaweza wakafikia 6, mbali na <a href="/wiki/Wenyeheri" class="mw-redirect" title="Wenyeheri">wenyeheri</a> 6. Idadi kamili haieleweki kwa sababu hakuna hakika juu ya baadhi yao kujiunga na Utawa III. Wa hakika zaidi ni <a href="/wiki/Verdiana_wa_Castelfiorentino" title="Verdiana wa Castelfiorentino">Verdiana wa Castelfiorentino</a> (+1242), aliyejifungia ndani tangu <a href="/wiki/Ujana" title="Ujana">ujanani</a> hadi <a href="/wiki/Mzee" title="Mzee">uzeeni</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Margerita_wa_Cortona" title="Margerita wa Cortona">Margerita wa Cortona</a> (+1297), aliyeshika toba kali baada ya kuacha maisha ya dhambi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Somo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somo (bado haujaandikwa)">Somo</a> wa Utawa huo ni <a href="/wiki/Elizabeti_wa_Hungaria" title="Elizabeti wa Hungaria">Elizabeti wa Hungaria</a> (+1231), <a href="/wiki/Malkia" title="Malkia">malkia</a> aliyemtambua na kumtumikia <a href="/wiki/Yesu" title="Yesu">Yesu</a> katika wenye shida, pamoja na <a href="/wiki/Ludoviko_IX" title="Ludoviko IX">Ludoviko IX</a> (+1270), <a href="/wiki/Mfalme" title="Mfalme">mfalme</a> bora kabisa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Watersyari_kuzidi_kutofautiana_(1300-1517)"><span id="Watersyari_kuzidi_kutofautiana_.281300-1517.29"></span>Watersyari kuzidi kutofautiana (1300-1517)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Hariri sehemu: Watersyari kuzidi kutofautiana (1300-1517)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Watersyari kuzidi kutofautiana (1300-1517)"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wakarmeli" title="Wakarmeli">Wakarmeli</a> walipoanza kuelekeza Watersyari wao kuweka <a href="/wiki/Nadhiri" title="Nadhiri">nadhiri</a> ya useja (kuna ushahidi wa mwaka 1283), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desturi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desturi (bado haujaandikwa)">desturi</a> hiyo ikaenea haraka: mwaka 1307 <a href="/wiki/Mwanamume" class="mw-redirect" title="Mwanamume">mwanamume</a> Mfransisko aliweka nadhiri tatu kufuatana na kanuni ya Nikola IV ingawa hiyo haitaji kabisa nadhiri. Kadiri Watersyari walivyozidi kujilinganisha na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wanadhiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wanadhiri (bado haujaandikwa)">wanadhiri</a>, yalizuka maswali juu yao: mbona kanuni haisemi juu ya kuishi pamoja? Mbona wanaweka nadhiri kama si watawa? Mbona wanawake wanaoishi kijumuia hawashiki ugo? Mbona wengine wanaweka nadhiri halafu wanaendelea kuishi kwao? Je, ni watawa? Majibu yakapatikana polepole, mpaka wakabainishwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wasekulari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wasekulari (bado haujaandikwa)">Wasekulari</a> (yaani ndugu wa ulimwenguni) na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waregulari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waregulari (bado haujaandikwa)">Waregulari</a> (watawa hasa). </p><p>Zaidi ya hayo, tangu zamani tapo lolote la walei lililokazia Injili lilishukiwa kuwa na uzushi. Basi, mwanzoni mwa karne XIV Utawa III wa Kifransisko (TOF) ulijaribiwa sana, kutokana na matatizo ya Ndugu Wadogo, waliotaka kushindana na Papa, na yale ya makundi ambayo yalifanana na TOF yakaja kukatazwa na <a href="/wiki/Mtaguso_wa_Vienne" title="Mtaguso wa Vienne">Mtaguso wa Vienne</a> (1312). Ingawa laana ya Mtaguso haikuipata TOF, kwa kuwa <a href="/wiki/Papa_Klementi_V" title="Papa Klementi V">Papa Klementi V</a> (1305-1314) aliwahi kuagiza <a href="/wiki/Utafiti" title="Utafiti">utafiti</a> halafu akathibitisha tena kanuni yake (1308), Maaskofu wakaendelea kuwa na shaka na kusababisha dhuluma dhidi ya Watersyari. Isitoshe, jumuia nyingi zilizokatazwa ziliamua kujiunga na TOF ili kuendelea kihalali. </p><p>Jumuia ziliweza kuwa na ndugu 3 hadi 40. Maisha ya pamoja hayakuwa na lazima ya ndugu kushirikishana mali. Baadhi yao waliendelea kuwa na mali binafsi kama Wasekulari, ingawa baadhi walichanga kila kitu kama watawa hasa. Kazi zao zilikuwa za <a href="/wiki/Ufundi" title="Ufundi">ufundi</a> (kushona, kuhariri, kutengeneza <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hostie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hostie (bado haujaandikwa)">hostie</a> na mishumaa n.k.), za <a href="/wiki/Malezi" title="Malezi">malezi</a> (kufundisha watoto), za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uuguzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uuguzi (bado haujaandikwa)">uuguzi</a> (nyumbani kwa wagonjwa au hospitalini) pamoja na kuwakeshea <a href="/wiki/Mahututi" title="Mahututi">mahututi</a> na <a href="/wiki/Maiti" title="Maiti">maiti</a>. <a href="/wiki/Riziki" title="Riziki">Riziki</a> zilipatikana kwa kazi hizo, lakini pia (hasa kwa wanawake) kwa kuombaomba mlango kwa mlango. </p><p>Muundo wa jumuia ulikuwa sawa na ule wa Wasekulari, yaani kila moja ilikuwa chini ya Askofu, pamoja na mkaguzi au mshauri toka Utawa I, halafu ilikuwa na uongozi wa ndani (Mtumishi na <a href="/wiki/Halmashauri" title="Halmashauri">halmashauri</a> yake). Muundo huo ukaja kubadilishwa na baadhi ya jumuia mwishoni mwa karne XIV, kutokana na ongezeko kubwa la jumuia hizo za kiume na za kike. Pengine moja ilizaa nyingine ambayo ikabaki chini ya ile mama. Pia ulihitajika ulinganifu mkubwa zaidi wa taratibu (<a href="/wiki/Kanzu" title="Kanzu">kanzu</a>, ugo n.k.) kati ya jumuia za <a href="/wiki/Dayosisi" title="Dayosisi">jimbo</a> au kanda moja. Kwa kibali cha Askofu na cha Mtumishi wa Ndugu Wadogo, <a href="/wiki/Shirika" title="Shirika">shirika</a> jipya la namna hiyo liliweza kuwa na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mkutano_mkuu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mkutano mkuu (bado haujaandikwa)">mkutano mkuu</a> na kumchagua Mkuu wake. Kila shirika lilikuwa na mkaguzi toka shirika lingine. Jaribio la kwanza lilifanywa na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsi_Pecha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfonsi Pecha (bado haujaandikwa)">Alfonsi Pecha</a> aliyetaka kuunganisha wakaapweke wote wa Italia ya Kati na Kusini (1373) asifaulu. Kumbe walifanikiwa Watersyari wa <a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a> (Uholanzi, 1401), Ubelgiji wa Kiholanzi (1413), <a href="/wiki/Koln" class="mw-redirect" title="Koln">Koln</a> (Ujerumani, 1427), Hispania (1442), Ubelgiji wa Kifaransa (1443), Italia (1447), <a href="/wiki/Irelandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Irelandi">Irelandi</a> (1456), <a href="/wiki/Marburg" title="Marburg">Marburg</a> (Ujerumani, 1467), Ureno (1470), Korasia (1473) n.k. Wengine waliruhusiwa kuweka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadhiri_kuu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadhiri kuu (bado haujaandikwa)">nadhiri kuu</a> ya useja (1401) au zote tatu (1413). </p><p>Yalijipatia kibali ingawa upinzani uliendelea kwa kuwa masuala yao hayakuwa bayana ki<a href="/wiki/Nadharia" title="Nadharia">nadharia</a>. Hata hivyo hayakuwa mashirika ya kimataifa, yanayotarajia kuenea popote, bali ya kijimbo au ya kikanda. Kwa kuwa hayakuwa ya kitawa rasmi, yaliweza kuunganisha jumuia za kiume na za kike chini ya Mkuu mmoja; hapo kulikuwa na Mtumishi wa kike pia kwa jumuia za kike. Mashirika hayo yalitoa huduma zilizopangwa vizuri kadiri ya <a href="/wiki/Katiba" title="Katiba">katiba</a> yake. Mwaka 1439 lile la Ubelgiji wa Kiholanzi lilikuwa na <a href="/wiki/Konventi" title="Konventi">konventi</a> 70 na ndugu 3,000 hivi, wa kiume na wa kike, wote wakivaa kanzu ya kijivu. </p><p>Elekeo la kitawa la mashirika hayo lilikuwa wazi, hivyo si ajabu kwamba yalizidi kujilinganisha na wanadhiri. Hata Ndugu Wadogo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waoservanti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waoservanti (bado haujaandikwa)">Waoservanti</a> walichangia sana, hasa Italia: kuanzia mwaka 1380 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paolucho_Trinci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paolucho Trinci (bado haujaandikwa)">Paolucho Trinci</a> alijipatia ruhusa kadhaa, mojawapo ile ya kupokea Wasekulari (1384), halafu ile ya kuanzisha <a href="/wiki/Monasteri" title="Monasteri">monasteri</a> kwa ajili ya wale wa kike huko <a href="/wiki/Foligno" title="Foligno">Foligno</a> (1388). Tangu mwaka 1397 hadi 1435 monasteri hiyo ikaja kuongozwa na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anjelina_wa_Marsciano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anjelina wa Marsciano (bado haujaandikwa)">Anjelina wa Marsciano</a> aliyefaulu kuzianzisha 16 nyingine: ndio mwanzo wa shirika la kike (1428) lililofanana sana na yale ya kisasa. Lilikuwa na Mtumishi mkuu ambaye alichaguliwa na Watumishi wa kila monasteri na kuwa na mamlaka ya kuzitembelea zote. Halikuwa na ugo wala nadhiri, isipokuwa ya utiifu. Kazi kuu ya wanashirika ilikuwa kulea wasichana. Anjelina alipofariki, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Eugeni_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Eugeni IV">Papa Eugeni IV</a> (1431-1447) alikuza mamlaka ya Mtumishi mkuu, lakini uamuzi huo ulipingwa na Watumishi wa monasteri na Waoservanti. Halafu ongezeko la nyumba hata nje ya Italia lilidai safari nyingi za Mtumishi mkuu na za wengine, nazo zikasababisha vurugu. Basi, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Pius_II" title="Papa Pius II">Papa Pius II</a> (1458-1464) alifuta wadhifa wa Mtumishi mkuu (1461), hivyo shirika likapotewa na sura yake na umoja wake. </p><p>Waoservanti walipozidi kudai Watersyari hao wote washike ugo wa Kipapa, wengine wakakubali (Watersyari wa ugo, ambao baadhi yao wakaja kuwa <a href="/wiki/Waklara" title="Waklara">Waklara</a>), ila wengine wakajitenga na Waoservanti ili kuendelea na <a href="/wiki/Utume" title="Utume">utume</a>. Ingawa <a href="/wiki/Papa_Sisto_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Sisto IV">Papa Sisto IV</a> (1471-1484) alitaka Watersyari wote wa kike wakae chini ya Ndugu Wadogo (1471), wengine walijiweka chini ya Maaskofu, wengine chini ya TOR au chini ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waamadei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waamadei (bado haujaandikwa)">Waamadei</a> wasibanwe na ugo. </p><p>Kwa kweli Waoservanti walishughulikia sana Utawa III na kuustawisha upya. Katikati ya karne XV <a href="/wiki/Antonino_wa_Firenze" title="Antonino wa Firenze">Antonino wa Firenze</a>, Mdominiko, alishuhudia kwamba, “Watersyari Wadominiko ni wachache sehemu hizi, tena wa kiume ni mmojammoja tu; kumbe chini ya kanuni na kanzu ya Utawa III wa Mt. Fransisko wako wengi wa kiume na wa kike. Wengine kama wakaapweke, wengi kama wauguzi wa hospitali, wengine wameunda shirika”. Ili kupunguza upinzani, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Martino_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Martino V">Papa Martino V</a> (1417-1431) alikuwa ameweka Wasekulari wote chini ya Watumishi wa Ndugu Wadogo (1428), ambao tu waliruhusiwa kupokea watakaji, kufundisha, kukagua na kukosoa. Pengine waandamizi wake wakawa na msimamo tofauti na kuwarudishia mamlaka Wasekulari wenyewe. <a href="/wiki/Yohane_wa_Kapestrano" title="Yohane wa Kapestrano">Yohane wa Kapestrano</a> aliwashughulikia na kuwatetea kwa namna ya pekee, akikusudia kuratibu na kuunganisha jumuia zote za Watersyari zisizo na sura maalumu kisheria ili azihusishe na <a href="/wiki/Urekebisho" class="mw-disambig" title="Urekebisho">urekebisho</a> wa watawa na wa Kanisa lote. Alipokubaliwa na Eugeni IV kwa sauti tu (1436) ifutwe hati ya <a href="/wiki/Papa_Yohane_XXII" title="Papa Yohane XXII">Papa Yohane XXII</a> (1316-1334) iliyokataza jumuia zote za Watersyari, akawatangazia haraka, ikaanza mikutano ya kanda na mikutano mikuu. Kwa miaka 10 Watersyari wakaapweke wa Italia waliunganika wote. Lakini wengine walipendelea kujitegemea zaidi, na wengine walikataa kujilinganisha kabisa na watawa na kuweka nadhiri (walivyodai hasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waklareno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waklareno (bado haujaandikwa)">Waklareno</a>, waliojitenga na OFM na kukimbilia Utawa III). Basi, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Nikola_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Nikola V">Papa Nikola V</a> (1447-1455) baada ya miaka miwili alifuta kabisa ruhusa aliyoitoa mwaka 1447, akisema, “Wanaopenda maisha magumu zaidi wanao tayari Utawa ulioanzishwa na Mt. Fransisko mwenyewe”. </p><p>Lakini mwaka 1457 Watersyari wa <a href="/wiki/Lombardia" title="Lombardia">Lombardia</a> walikubaliwa tena kuwa na Mkuu wa kwao, halafu wakaenea katika mikoa mingine ya Italia, wakakubaliwa (1467) fadhili zote walizopewa wenzao wa shirika la Hispania, zikiwa ni pamoja na ile ya kuweka nadhiri kuu tatu. Mwaka 1472 mkutano mkuu ulitunga kanuni mpya. Mwaka 1476 walikuwa na kanda kadhaa tayari. Hatimaye Sisto IV alitamka rasmi (1480) kuwa nadhiri za Watersyari wa kiume na wa kike zilizowekwa kwa fahari zihesabiwe kuwa kuu kisheria. Tamko hilo likathibitishwa (1517) na <a href="/wiki/Papa_Leo_X" title="Papa Leo X">Papa Leo X</a> (1513-1521) aliyekanusha kuwa hivyo pia kwa nadhiri ya useja ya wanaoishi nyumbani kwao, ingawa aliwakubalia fadhili kadhaa. Hata kuhusu ugo kwa wanawake, uliobaki kuwatofautisha na wamonaki, ilitamkwa (1487) kuwa ni wa <a href="/wiki/Hiari" title="Hiari">hiari</a>. </p><p>Pia baadhi ya Watersyari waliishi utawani kwa Ndugu Wadogo ili wawatumikie kwa hiari pasipo malipo wala nia ya kuwa watawa hasa, ingawa waliweza wakashiriki maisha ya jumuia chini ya mlinzi, wakiweka nadhiri ya utiifu na useja. Ni kwamba katika karne XIII Utawa I ulipojali mno ukleri na kuzuia ongezeko la ma<a href="/wiki/Bradha" title="Bradha">bradha</a> pamoja na kudharau kazi za mikono, ulikuja kuhitaji maboi (wanazungumziwa na hati za Kanisa kuanzia mwaka 1248). </p><p>Katiba ya OFM (1260) ilikataza wasiongozane na Ndugu Wadogo ili kuwashikia <a href="/wiki/Pesa" title="Pesa">pesa</a> na kuzitumia kwa niaba yao; ila iliruhusu watoe baadhi ya huduma konventini, mradi wasilale huko. Baadaye ndugu maarufu waliruhusiwa kuwa na boi binafsi (katiba ya 1316 n.k.). Mwishoni mwa karne XV maboi walianza kufikiriwa washirikishwe kwa kiasi fulani maisha ya kitawa: kwanza wafuate vizuri <a href="/wiki/Dini" title="Dini">dini</a>, halafu wajiunge na Utawa III na kuvikwa kanzu fulani, mradi ionekane wazi ni tofauti na ile ya Ndugu Wadogo. </p><p>Hasa katika karne XIV, matunda ya Utawa III ni mengi na ya kila aina: malkia na ma<a href="/wiki/Padri" class="mw-redirect" title="Padri">padri</a>, watu wa ndoa na waseja, wakulima na mafundi, waanzilishi wa mashirika na mashujaa wa huruma, wakaapweke, wafiadini n.k. Mbali na watakatifu ambao hatuna hakika kama walijiunga na Utawa III, kuna Klara wa Montefalco (+1308), ambaye mwisho akawa <a href="/wiki/Abesi" title="Abesi">abesi</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Monasteri" title="Monasteri">monasteri</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Waaugustino" title="Waaugustino">Waaugustino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anjela_wa_Foligno" title="Anjela wa Foligno">Anjela wa Foligno</a> (+1309), anayeitwa “mwalimu wa wanateolojia” kwa ubora wa maandishi yake juu ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mang%E2%80%99amuzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mang’amuzi (bado haujaandikwa)">mang’amuzi</a> ya kiroho, <a href="/wiki/Elzeario_wa_Sabran" class="mw-redirect" title="Elzeario wa Sabran">Elzeario wa Sabran</a> (+1323), aliyeishi na mke wake (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Delfina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delfina (bado haujaandikwa)">Delfina</a>) kwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Usafi_kamili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usafi kamili (bado haujaandikwa)">usafi kamili</a>, malkia <a href="/wiki/Elizabeti_wa_Ureno" title="Elizabeti wa Ureno">Elizabeti wa Ureno</a> (+1336), aliyemaliza maisha yake katika jumuia ya Utawa III, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrado_Confalonieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konrado Confalonieri (bado haujaandikwa)">Konrado Confalonieri</a> (+1351) aliyeishi miaka mingi upwekeni, na malkia <a href="/wiki/Birgita_wa_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Birgita wa Sweden">Birgita wa Sweden</a> (+1373), somo wa Ulaya. Kati ya wenye heri 21 akumbukwe hasa na <a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Lull" title="Raimundo Lull">Raimundo Lull</a>, mwandishi, mwanzilishi wa <a href="/wiki/Seminari" title="Seminari">seminari</a> ya kimisionari na hatimaye <a href="/wiki/Mfiadini" title="Mfiadini">mfiadini</a> kwa mikono ya <a href="/wiki/Waislamu" class="mw-redirect" title="Waislamu">Waislamu</a> (+1316). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Umisionari" title="Umisionari">Umisionari</a> wa Utawa III ulijitokeza kwa namna ya pekee kati ya Waregulari wa Ureno, waliosindikiza wapelelezi wa nchi yao katika safari za hatari pia, kama vile <a href="/wiki/Kongo" class="mw-disambig" title="Kongo">Kongo</a> na <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>. Mmojawao akasoma Misa mbele ya mfalme wa Kongo (1491) akambatiza (1495). Lakini utume wa Watersyari ulijitokeza zaidi katika mazingira ya kawaida ya walei wa Ulaya, na katika huduma mbalimbali walizozianzisha: hospitali, wokovu wa ma<a href="/wiki/Kahaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahaba">kahaba</a>, uombaji wa msaada kwa ajili ya <a href="/wiki/Maskini" title="Maskini">maskini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghala" title="Ghala">ghala</a> za kugawia chakula bure, mafunzo kwa watoto fukara na kwa wanaosomea <a href="/wiki/Upadri" title="Upadri">upadri</a> n.k. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanuni_tofauti_kwa_Wasekulari_na_Waregulari_(1517-1762)"><span id="Kanuni_tofauti_kwa_Wasekulari_na_Waregulari_.281517-1762.29"></span>Kanuni tofauti kwa Wasekulari na Waregulari (1517-1762)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Hariri sehemu: Kanuni tofauti kwa Wasekulari na Waregulari (1517-1762)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Kanuni tofauti kwa Wasekulari na Waregulari (1517-1762)"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waregulari_kukomaa_kama_watawa_hasa_(1517-1762)"><span id="Waregulari_kukomaa_kama_watawa_hasa_.281517-1762.29"></span>Waregulari kukomaa kama watawa hasa (1517-1762)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Hariri sehemu: Waregulari kukomaa kama watawa hasa (1517-1762)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Waregulari kukomaa kama watawa hasa (1517-1762)"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mtaguso_wa_tano_wa_Laterano" title="Mtaguso wa tano wa Laterano">Mtaguso wa tano wa Laterano</a> ulitofautisha (1516) aina nne za Watersyari: wanaoishi pamoja, wanaume wanaoishi katika konventi za Utawa I, wanawake wanaoishi nyumbani kwa nadhiri ya useja, na Wasekulari. Kwa msingi huo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabrieli_Maria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabrieli Maria (bado haujaandikwa)">Gabrieli Maria</a> alitunga (1517) kanuni sahili kwa Waregulari ambayo ikaja kukubaliwa na Leo X, halafu na <a href="/wiki/Papa_Julius_III" title="Papa Julius III">Papa Julius III</a> (1550-1555), ikaendelea kufuatwa na konventi nyingi za Ufaransa. Lakini nyingi zaidi zilikubali ile ya Leo X iliyokusudiwa (1521) kuleta umoja na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Usawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usawa (bado haujaandikwa)">usawa</a> kati ya Waregulari, ikiwafanya watawa hasa na kuwatenganisha na Wasekulari, walioendelea kufuata kanuni ya Nikola IV hadi mwaka 1884. Katika sura zake 10, kanuni hiyo mpya ilidai nadhiri za Waregulari wote ziwe tatu tena kuu, ingawa iliiachia kila konventi ya kike kuamua kuhusu ugo kama haijaushika, kusudi utume kwa wagonjwa na wasichana usizuiwe. </p><p>Hata hivyo haikupokewa na Waregulari wote, na ilipingwa vikali hasa Ulaya Kaskazini. Sababu mojawapo ni kwamba ilitaka konventi zote za kiume na za kike ziwe chini ya Ndugu Wadogo, zikibaki na Mkubwa wa nyumba tu, bila ya Watumishi wakuu wa mashirika. Uamuzi huo ulitokana na juhudi za Waoservanti za kuzuia uwepo wa shirika lingine la Kifransisko lenye uongozi unaolingana na ule wa Utawa I. Basi, mashirika yaliyokwishakubaliwa yakaendelea kufuata kanuni ya Nikola IV pamoja na katiba zao. Lakini mapambano hayo yalidumu muda mfupi tu, kwa kuwa uenezi wa <a href="/wiki/Uprotestanti" title="Uprotestanti">Uprotestanti</a> ulifuta mapema karibu jumuia zote za Ujerumani na Uholanzi. </p><p>Hapo katikati shirika la Waregulari wa Hispania, kisha kushindana sana na Ndugu Wadogo waliodai kulikagua, lilikubaliwa na <a href="/wiki/Papa_Paulo_III" title="Papa Paulo III">Papa Paulo III</a> (1534-1549) kanuni mpya (1547) kwa Watersyari wote wa Hispania, Ureno na ma<a href="/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni">koloni</a> yake. Kanuni hiyo, tofauti sana na ile ya Leo X, ilikuwa na sehemu kuu tatu: ya kwanza kwa Watersyari wa kiume walioishi pamoja kwa nadhiri; ya pili kwa wale wa kike wenye nadhiri walioishi pamoja bila ya ugo; ya tatu kwa Wasekulari, pamoja na wakaapweke na ma<a href="/wiki/Bikira" title="Bikira">bikira</a> walioishi makwao. Jambo la pekee zaidi, lilikuwa kuwaweka wote chini ya Mtumishi mkuu wa Waregulari wa kiume (aliyetakiwa kuwa padri): hivyo hao walifikia kulingana na Utawa I. Nje ya Ufransisko jambo kama hilo halijatokea hata leo: kuwepo Utawa III wenye ma<a href="/wiki/Sista" title="Sista">sista</a> na Wasekulari chini yake! Halafu Waregulari wa Italia pia wakakubaliwa katiba na <a href="/wiki/Uhuru" title="Uhuru">uhuru</a> kamili kwa kanda zao. </p><p>Baada ya hapo juhudi za urekebisho zilizofuatana na <a href="/wiki/Mtaguso_wa_Trento" title="Mtaguso wa Trento">Mtaguso wa Trento</a> zilidai masista wote washike ugo ili kukwepa makwazo. <a href="/wiki/Papa_Pius_V" title="Papa Pius V">Papa Pius V</a> (1566-1572) kwanza alidai (1566) masista wote wa shirika lolote wabanwe daima na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugo_wa_Kipapa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugo wa Kipapa (bado haujaandikwa)">ugo wa Kipapa</a>, hata kama hawajawahi kuwa nao; wenye <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadhiri_ndogo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadhiri ndogo (bado haujaandikwa)">nadhiri ndogo</a> (ambazo wakati huo hazikuwa na nguvu za kisheria) wahimizwe kuweka zile kuu na hivyo kukubali ugo, la sivyo wakatazwe wasipokee tena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miito&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miito (bado haujaandikwa)">miito</a> waje kwisha. Haikuwa rahisi kutekeleza agizo hilo, pia kwa sababu ya umuhimu wa huduma ambazo walikuwa wanazitoa na ambazo hazikupatana na ugo. </p><p>Matokeo, baadhi ya jumuia zikawa monasteri za Waklara, lakini nyingine zikaendelea huru katika nchi zote na katika mashirika karibu yote. Halafu, akiona maisha yao hayana toba na nidhamu za kutosha, ingawa <a href="/wiki/Kardinali_mlinzi" title="Kardinali mlinzi">Kardinali mlinzi</a> alijitahidi, aliwaweka wote, wanaume kwa wanawake, chini ya Waoservanti (1567-1568). Hatimaye alifuta jumuia zote zenye nadhiri ndogo akakataza zisianzishwe tena (1568): hata agizo hilo likashindikana, lakini yote yalikuwa changamoto zifanyike juhudi za urekebisho. Hapo kwa wanaume wa Ufaransa kanda 7 zilikuja kushika maisha yaliyofanana sana na yale ya marekebisho ya Utawa I: kuishi mbali na watu, kuamka usiku wa manane kwa <a href="/wiki/Sala" title="Sala">sala</a>, kufanya <a href="/wiki/Malipizi" title="Malipizi">malipizi</a> makali na kutembea peku. Kwa wanawake pia mkazo ulikuwa kufuata mfano wa <a href="/wiki/Wakapuchini" title="Wakapuchini">Wakapuchini</a> au marekebisho mengine, pamoja na kushika ugo na nadhiri kuu, hasa <a href="/wiki/Uswisi" title="Uswisi">Uswisi</a>, Ujerumani, Ubelgiji, Ufaransa. Hata hivyo wakaendelea kushika kanuni ya TOR na pengine kufundisha. </p><p>TOR ya Italia ilijipatia tena uhuru (1586) kwa kanda zake 11 chini ya Mtumishi mkuu; polepole Waregulari wa nchi nyingine ama walijiunga nayo katika karne XVII, ama wakakoma kwa kumezwa na OFM au kwa kudhulumiwa na serikali. Mwaka 1700 wanaume wa TOR jumla walikuwa 3,991 katika konventi 217 na kanda 20, takwimu ambayo haikubadilika sana katika nusu ya kwanza ya karne XVIII. Upande wa wanawake haiwezekani kukadiria idadi yao. Pamoja na hayo, yalianzishwa mashirika mapya ya kiume Hispania, Ufaransa na hata <a href="/wiki/Gwatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwatemala">Gwatemala</a> kwa ajili ya huduma mbalimbali. Watakatifu waliopatikana wakati huo ni <a href="/wiki/Yasinta_Mariscotti" class="mw-redirect" title="Yasinta Mariscotti">Yasinta Mariscotti</a> (+1640), aliyeongoka baada ya kuishi miaka 15 utawani kwa <a href="/wiki/Uzembe" title="Uzembe">uzembe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petro_wa_Betancur" title="Petro wa Betancur">Petro wa Betancur</a> (+1667), aliyeweka msingi wa shirika la <a href="/wiki/Ndugu_Wabethlehemu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndugu Wabethlehemu">Ndugu Wabethlehemu</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Maria_Kreshensya_Hoess" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Kreshensya Hoess">Maria Kreshensya Hoess</a> (+1744), aliyemuabudu sana <a href="/wiki/Roho_Mtakatifu" title="Roho Mtakatifu">Roho Mtakatifu</a>, mbali ya mwenye heri Mjapani aliyefia dini kwao. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wasekulari_kuzidi_kuenea_(1517-1762)"><span id="Wasekulari_kuzidi_kuenea_.281517-1762.29"></span>Wasekulari kuzidi kuenea (1517-1762)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Hariri sehemu: Wasekulari kuzidi kuenea (1517-1762)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Wasekulari kuzidi kuenea (1517-1762)"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upande wa Wasekulari, karne XVI iliwarudisha nyuma Italia (watu waliporudia <a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">sanaa</a> za kipagani) na Ulaya Kaskazini (ulipoenea Uprotestanti), kumbe iliwastawisha katika nchi zilizoongoza kisiasa na kidini (Hispania na Ureno) pamoja na makoloni yake huko Ulaya na ng’ambo (hasa <a href="/wiki/Amerika" title="Amerika">Amerika</a> na <a href="/wiki/Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino">Filipino</a>: mwaka 1586 nchi hizo zilikuwa na Wasekulari zaidi ya 100,000!). Wahispania (hata wafalme, ma<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jemadari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jemadari (bado haujaandikwa)">jemadari</a>, Maaskofu) walikuja kumheshimu sana Fransisko na kutamani waitwe wanae na kuzikwa wamevaa kanzu yake. Uenezi ulileta pia ulegevu katika maisha yote ya toba, hata uduni wa kanzu uliachwa, halafu badala yake vitambaa viwili kifuani na mgongoni hadi kwenye kamba kiunoni vikaruhusiwa kuvaliwa chini ya nguo yoyote, hata ya fahari. </p><p>Katika umati huo kuna watakatifu pia, kuanzia <a href="/wiki/Anjela_Merichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Anjela Merichi">Anjela Merichi</a> (+1540) aliyeanzisha kikosi cha Mt. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ursula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ursula (bado haujaandikwa)">Ursula</a> kwa roho ya Kifransisko na chini ya kanuni ya Utawa III, ambacho muda mrefu baadaye kikageuka kuwa shirika la kitawa. Wengine ni <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_wa_Thiene" title="Gaetano wa Thiene">Gaetano wa Thiene</a> (+1547), <a href="/wiki/Ignas_wa_Loyola" title="Ignas wa Loyola">Ignas wa Loyola</a> (+1556), <a href="/wiki/Filipo_Neri" title="Filipo Neri">Filipo Neri</a> (+1595) na <a href="/wiki/Kamilo_wa_Lellis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamilo wa Lellis">Kamilo wa Lellis</a> (+1614), waanzilishi wa mashirika yasiyo ya Kifransisko, ambao ni vigumu kusema walichota nini katika Utawa III. Walio wengi ni wafiadini 17 wa <a href="/wiki/Japani" title="Japani">Japani</a> waliochanganya damu yao na ile ya wamisionari wa Utawa I waliowashirikisha Injili kwa roho ya Kifransisko (+1597): <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Suzuki" title="Paulo Suzuki">Paulo Suzuki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabrieli_wa_Ize" title="Gabrieli wa Ize">Gabrieli wa Ize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yohane_Kinuya" title="Yohane Kinuya">Yohane Kinuya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Danki" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Danki">Thomas Danki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fransisko_wa_Meako" title="Fransisko wa Meako">Fransisko wa Meako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kozaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Kozaki">Thomas Kozaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yohakim_Sakakibara" class="mw-redirect" title="Yohakim Sakakibara">Yohakim Sakakibara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonaventura_wa_Meako" title="Bonaventura wa Meako">Bonaventura wa Meako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Karasuma" title="Leo Karasuma">Leo Karasuma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathias_wa_Miyako" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathias wa Miyako">Mathias wa Miyako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antoni_wa_Nagasaki" title="Antoni wa Nagasaki">Antoni wa Nagasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludoviko_Ibaraki" title="Ludoviko Ibaraki">Ludoviko Ibaraki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Ibaraki" title="Paulo Ibaraki">Paulo Ibaraki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikaeli_Kozaki" title="Mikaeli Kozaki">Mikaeli Kozaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petro_Sukejiro" title="Petro Sukejiro">Petro Sukejiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosma_Takeya" title="Kosma Takeya">Kosma Takeya</a> na <a href="/wiki/Fransisko_Adauctus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fransisko Adauctus">Fransisko Adauctus</a>. </p><p>Katika karne XVII uenezi uliendelea katika nchi hizo na pia <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, halafu Ufaransa, hasa Ndugu Wadogo wa matawi mbalimbali walipoamua kuwajibika zaidi upande huo wakaanza kushindana kati yao tena na TOR. Mapapa, wakijua umuhimu wa Utawa III katika kuzuia uzushi, walichangia uenezi huo kwa kuupatia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rehema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rehema (bado haujaandikwa)">rehema</a> na fadhili za pekee. Kwa ajili ya Wasekulari vilitungwa pia vitabu vingi vya sala na maelezo ya kanuni, pamoja na kukaza <a href="/wiki/Maisha_ya_kiroho" title="Maisha ya kiroho">maisha ya kiroho</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tafakuri" title="Tafakuri">tafakuri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mafungo_ya_kiroho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mafungo ya kiroho (bado haujaandikwa)">mafungo ya kiroho</a>, sakramenti) na huduma kwa wenye shida. </p><p>Hata hivyo hali ya jumla ilizidi kudidimia, na OFS ilionekana kulingana na chama chochote cha kumheshimu mtakatifu fulani, kuadhimisha <a href="/wiki/Sherehe" title="Sherehe">sherehe</a> yake n.k. Lakini mambo kama hayo hayapiti bure yasiathiri roho za watu na jamii nzima, hasa yanapogusa umati (mwaka 1689 <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> ilikuwa na Wasekulari 25,000!). Vilevile miundo ya huduma iliyoanzishwa na Wafransisko hao iliendelea hata katika matatizo mengi, hivi kwamba mingine ipo hadi leo. </p><p>Tunda bora ni <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ana_wa_Yesu" title="Maria Ana wa Yesu">Maria Ana wa Yesu</a> wa Paredes (+1645), Mfransisko wa kwanza wa Amerika kutangazwa na Kanisa kuwa ni mtakatifu. Wengine waliojiunga na OFS au kuvaa kamba yake ni <a href="/wiki/Fransisko_wa_Sales" title="Fransisko wa Sales">Fransisko wa Sales</a> (+1622) na <a href="/wiki/Yoana_Fransiska_wa_Chantal" title="Yoana Fransiska wa Chantal">Yoana Fransiska wa Chantal</a> (+1641) katika Ufaransa wa leo, pia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yosefu_Kalasanzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yosefu Kalasanzi (bado haujaandikwa)">Yosefu Kalasanzi</a> (+1648) na <a href="/wiki/Yosefu_Oriol" title="Yosefu Oriol">Yosefu Oriol</a> (+1702) kutoka Hispania. Kundi kubwa zaidi ni lile la wenye heri 30, hasa wafiadini wa Japani tena. </p><p>Kwa Watersyari walioishi utawani kwa Ndugu Wadogo katikati ya karne XVII ulipangwa umri wa chini (miaka 20) na malezi ya miaka 3 chini ya padri. Baadaye tena hali yao ikafafanuliwa kikamilifu na katiba, hasa ya OFM (iliyokuwa na Watersyari wengi zaidi konventini). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wasekulari_na_Waregulari_nyakati_zetu_(1762-2024)"><span id="Wasekulari_na_Waregulari_nyakati_zetu_.281762-2024.29"></span>Wasekulari na Waregulari nyakati zetu (1762-2024)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Hariri sehemu: Wasekulari na Waregulari nyakati zetu (1762-2024)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Wasekulari na Waregulari nyakati zetu (1762-2024)"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waregulari_kudhulumiwa_halafu_kuongezeka_ajabu_(1762-2024)"><span id="Waregulari_kudhulumiwa_halafu_kuongezeka_ajabu_.281762-2024.29"></span>Waregulari kudhulumiwa halafu kuongezeka ajabu (1762-2024)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Hariri sehemu: Waregulari kudhulumiwa halafu kuongezeka ajabu (1762-2024)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Waregulari kudhulumiwa halafu kuongezeka ajabu (1762-2024)"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kwa Utawa III pia miaka ya mwisho ya karne XVIII na sehemu kubwa ya ile iliyofuata ilikuwa kipindi kigumu cha majaribu, kutokana na dhuluma za serikali nyingi. <a href="/wiki/Falsafa" title="Falsafa">Falsafa</a> ya waasi wa dini na <a href="/wiki/Utaifa" title="Utaifa">utaifa</a> wa wafalme na Maaskofu wa nchi kadhaa vilielekeza hata kumwaga damu za wengi, hasa baada ya <a href="/wiki/Mapinduzi_ya_Kifaransa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapinduzi ya Kifaransa">mapinduzi ya Kifaransa</a> kuenea Ulaya karibu nzima. </p><p>Ilianza Jamhuri ya <a href="/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia">Venezia</a> (1767) kwa kufuta kanda moja ya TOR. Akafuata malkia wa Austria na <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a>, aliyekataza (1776) OFS isipokee tena watakaji. Mtoto wake akafuta Utawa III kwa namna zake zote (1782). Ufaransa ukafuta miundo yote ya kidini (1790), ikiwa ni pamoja na Utawa III, na kutaifisha mali yake. Baadhi ya Watersyari kwa <a href="/wiki/Uaminifu" title="Uaminifu">uaminifu</a> wao walifungwa hata kuuawa. Hispania (1812) na Ureno (1834) pamoja na <a href="/wiki/Brazili" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazili">Brazili</a> mashirika yote yakafutwa, ingawa jamaa za OFS zikaendelea. Hata Italia jamaa hizo ziliondolewa hadhi yao mbele ya sheria (1861-1866), lakini zikaendelea kama vyama vya hiari. </p><p>TOR ni kati ya mashirika yaliyopigwa zaidi, hata karibu kutoweka: kwa miaka 30 hivi kanda nyingi zilikwisha; katika mikutano mikuu iliyofanyika tena kuanzia mwaka 1824 waliweza kuhudhuria tu ndugu toka mikoa 3 ya Italia na pengine toka Korasia. </p><p>Dhuluma hizo zilipiga sio tu miundo na mali, bali pia mfumo wa maisha, kwa kudai watawa wawe na faida kwa jamii, si mzigo kwake. Katika mazingira hayo yakaja kuanzishwa mashirika mengi ajabu, hasa ya wanawake: karne XIX ndiyo iliyozaa mashirika mengi kuliko nyingine zote. Kati yake, asilimia kubwa ni ya Kifransisko (siku hizi yapo 22 ya wanaume na zaidi ya 400 ya wanawake, yanayojumlisha watawa 120,000 hivi, mbali ya monasteri 61 zenye masista 900!). Si rahisi kuandika historia ya mashirika hayo yote. Kwa kifupi, mengine yalitokana na monasteri za Waklara waliolazimika kushika utume fulani ili waruhusiwe kuendelea kuishi kijumuia (baadhi yake wanafuata bado kanuni ya Utawa II kwa namna yao). Mengine yalitokana na Wasekulari walioanza kuishi pamoja. Mengine yalianzishwa tu kutokana na elekeo la kila jimbo kutaka liwe na shirika lake, hivi kwamba Askofu (au hata paroko) alijitahidi kujianzishia jipya au kutenga tawi na nyumba asili; katika hilo pengine hali ya siasa na ya jamii ilichangia, pamoja na hamu ya kujitegemea. </p><p>Ustawi huo ulitokea wakati uleule wa mashirika ya zamani kufifia: tena watawa hao, waliofukuzwa na serikali kutoka konventi zao, ndio walioanzisha mashirika mengi kulingana na mahitaji ya watu katika ulimwengu mpya wa kibepari. K.mf. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Honorati_Kazminski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Honorati Kazminski (bado haujaandikwa)">Honorati Kazminski</a> (+1916), padri Mkapuchini aliyeanzisha mashirika 27 tofauti (kati yake 17 bado yapo), na Askofu Mkapuchini <a href="/wiki/Luis_Amig%C3%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Amigò">Luis Amigò</a> (+1934), aliyeanzisha mashirika mawili makubwa (la kiume na la kike) yaliyokwishapata wenye heri 22 wafiadini. </p><p>Kwa kawaida ni mashirika ya nadhiri ndogo, au yasiyo na nadhiri, yanayotoa huduma maalumu upande wa umisionari, huruma kwa maskini, ustawi wa jamii, malezi, <a href="/wiki/Tiba" title="Tiba">tiba</a> n.k. Kwa sababu ya kutoweka nadhiri kuu, wanashirika hawakuhesabiwa kama watawa, wala wale wa kike hawakubanwa na ugo. Walifuata katiba zao maalumu chini ya viongozi wao. Waliotaka kuwa Wafransisko walijiunga binafsi na OFS. Kanisa, baada ya kutamka (1887-1893) kwamba mtawa hawezi kuwa Mtersyari pia, na baada ya kutambua (1900) mashirika hayo kuwa ya kitawa liliamua (1901) shirika la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mchepuo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mchepuo (bado haujaandikwa)">mchepuo</a> fulani wa kiroho lisianzishwe pasipo fungamano na Utawa I wa mchepuo huo. Hapo watawa wote wa mashirika hayo wakahesabiwa kuwa Watersyari jumla, bila ya kujiunga binafsi na Utawa III. Mashirika mengi ya Kifransisko yalifungamana kiroho na OFM (1905 n.k.) na OFMCap (1906 n.k.). </p><p>TOR ilipoomba ruhusa ya kuwa na mashirika ya Watersyari chini yake, ilikubaliwa baada ya miaka 5, halafu ikaondolewa. Ugumu wa suala hilo ni kwamba TOR yenyewe ni Utawa III: inawezaje kujilinganisha na Utawa I? Lakini <a href="/wiki/Papa_Benedikto_XV" title="Papa Benedikto XV">Papa Benedikto XV</a> (1914-1922), baada ya kuona TOR inameza mashirika madogo ya Watersyari, aliiruhusu tena (1921) akipendekeza mashirika yote ya kiume na ya kike ya Utawa III wa Kifransisko yaungane nayo. Kwa ajili hiyo aliilinganisha TOR na matawi matatu ya Utawa I: tangu hapo familia ya Kifransisko ikahesabiwa kuwa na Wakuu 4. </p><p>Kufuatana na <a href="/wiki/Mkusanyo_wa_Sheria_za_Kanisa" title="Mkusanyo wa Sheria za Kanisa">Mkusanyo wa Sheria za Kanisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Pius_XI" title="Papa Pius XI">Papa Pius XI</a> (1922-1939) alitoa kanuni mpya (1927) iliyotungwa kwa ushirikiano wa Wakuu 4 wa familia ya Kifransisko iwe kanuni pekee kwa mashirika ya Utawa III, yakiwa ni pamoja na TOR yenyewe iliyokuwa imeikataa ile ya mwaka 1521. Ingawa juhudi ya kuyaunganisha yote chini ya TOR ikashindikana kwa sababu karibu yote yalipendelea kujitegemea, kuanzia mwaka 1950 ilifanyika mikutano mingi ya pamoja na kuzidisha <a href="/wiki/Ushirikiano" title="Ushirikiano">ushirikiano</a> hasa kwa ajili ya kutunga kanuni nyingine kufuatana na maelekezo ya <a href="/wiki/Mtaguso_II_wa_Vatikani" class="mw-redirect" title="Mtaguso II wa Vatikani">Mtaguso II wa Vatikani</a>. Kanuni hiyo iliyothibitishwa (1982) na <a href="/wiki/Papa_Yohane_Paulo_II" title="Papa Yohane Paulo II">Papa Yohane Paulo II</a> (1978-2005) ni ya Kifransisko kuliko zile zote zilizotangulia. Hatimaye likaanzishwa (1985) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baraza_la_Kimataifa_la_Kifransisko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baraza la Kimataifa la Kifransisko (bado haujaandikwa)">Baraza la Kimataifa la Kifransisko</a> (IFC-TOR) linaloshirikisha mpaka sasa ¾ za mashirika yote ya Utawa III. </p><p>Ushirikiano mpya wa Utawa III na Utawa I uliimarishwa kwa kuunda (1995) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baraza_la_Familia_ya_Kifransisko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baraza la Familia ya Kifransisko (bado haujaandikwa)">Baraza la Familia ya Kifransisko</a>, linalojumlisha Wakuu wa OFM, OFMConv, OFMCap, TOR, IFC-TOR na OFS. Utawa II hauna mwakilishi, kutokana na muundo wake wa monasteri zenye ugo. Baraza la Familia ya Kifransisko linawakilishwa katika <a href="/wiki/Umoja_wa_Mataifa" title="Umoja wa Mataifa">Umoja wa Mataifa</a> kwa njia ya <a href="/wiki/Asasi_isiyo_ya_kiserikali" class="mw-redirect" title="Asasi isiyo ya kiserikali">asasi isiyo ya kiserikali</a> inayoitwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciscans_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciscans International (bado haujaandikwa)">Franciscans International</a>. </p><p>Watersyari Waregulari 40 wa kipindi hicho wameshatangazwa wenyeheri, k.mf. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_wa_Mateso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria wa Mateso (bado haujaandikwa)">Maria wa Mateso</a> (+1904) aliyeanzisha shirika kubwa la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wafransisko_Wamisionari_wa_Maria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wafransisko Wamisionari wa Maria (bado haujaandikwa)">Wafransisko Wamisionari wa Maria</a> (wako 8,000 hivi), ambao 7 kati yao ni watakatifu waliofia dini <a href="/wiki/China" class="mw-redirect" title="China">China</a> (+1900): <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ermelina_wa_Yesu" title="Maria Ermelina wa Yesu">Maria Ermelina wa Yesu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_wa_Amani" title="Maria wa Amani">Maria wa Amani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Klara_Nanetti" title="Maria Klara Nanetti">Maria Klara Nanetti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_wa_Mt._Natalia" title="Maria wa Mt. Natalia">Maria wa Mt. Natalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_wa_Mt._Yusto" title="Maria wa Mt. Yusto">Maria wa Mt. Yusto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Amandina_wa_Moyo_Mtakatifu" title="Maria Amandina wa Moyo Mtakatifu">Maria Amandina wa Moyo Mtakatifu</a> na <a href="/wiki/Maria_Adolfina_Dierk" title="Maria Adolfina Dierk">Maria Adolfina Dierk</a>. Muda mrefu kabla yao alistawi <a href="/wiki/Maria_Fransiska_wa_Madonda_Matano" title="Maria Fransiska wa Madonda Matano">Maria Fransiska wa Madonda Matano</a> (+1791), aliyestahimili mateso mengi, na baada yao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alberto_Chmieliwski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alberto Chmieliwski (bado haujaandikwa)">Alberto Chmieliwski</a> (+1916), aliyeanzisha mashirika mawili (la kiume na la kike) huko <a href="/wiki/Polandi" title="Polandi">Polandi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariana_wa_Molokai" title="Mariana wa Molokai">Mariana Cope</a> (+1918), bikira kutoka Ujerumani aliyehudumia wakoma wa Molokai (<a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, leo jimbo la <a href="/wiki/Marekani" title="Marekani">Marekani</a>), Maria wa Yesu Santocanale (+1923), mwanzilishi nchini Italia, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Bernarda_Buetler" title="Maria Bernarda Buetler">Maria Bernarda Buetler</a> (+1924), <a href="/wiki/Uswisi" title="Uswisi">Mswisi</a> mmisionari katika Amerika Kusini, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Alfonsa_Matathupadathu" title="Maria Alfonsa Matathupadathu">Maria Alfonsa Matathupadathu</a> (+1946), bikira wa mateso nchini <a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">India</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Dulse_Pontes" title="Dulse Pontes">Dulse Pontes</a> (+1992) aliyehudumia maskini nchini <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:0000_Secular_Franciscan_Order.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/0000_Secular_Franciscan_Order.JPG/250px-0000_Secular_Franciscan_Order.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/0000_Secular_Franciscan_Order.JPG/375px-0000_Secular_Franciscan_Order.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/0000_Secular_Franciscan_Order.JPG/500px-0000_Secular_Franciscan_Order.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1331" data-file-height="1331" /></a><figcaption>Lebo ya jumuia ya Utawa wa Tatu ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petropolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petropolis (bado haujaandikwa)">Petropolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wasekulari_kufikia_kilele_cha_ustawi_wao_(1762-2024)"><span id="Wasekulari_kufikia_kilele_cha_ustawi_wao_.281762-2024.29"></span>Wasekulari kufikia kilele cha ustawi wao (1762-2024)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Hariri sehemu: Wasekulari kufikia kilele cha ustawi wao (1762-2024)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Wasekulari kufikia kilele cha ustawi wao (1762-2024)"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuna mambo mbalimbali yaliyochangia ustawi mpya wa Utawa III katika matawi yake kuanzia mwisho wa karne XIX: kikomo cha dhuluma za serikali katika nchi nyingi, hali mpya ya Utawa I, mvuto mkubwa wa Fransisko kwa wenye elimu na uenezi wa roho ya Kifransisko kupitia ma<a href="/wiki/Gazeti" title="Gazeti">gazeti</a>. Ndiyo sababu Utawa III ulianzishwa hata kati ya <a href="/wiki/Waanglikana" title="Waanglikana">Waanglikana</a> na <a href="/wiki/Uprotestanti" title="Uprotestanti">Waprotestanti</a>! Kwa miaka 115 mfululizo (1848-1963) Mapapa wote walikuwa wa OFS, kuanzia <a href="/wiki/Papa_Pius_IX" title="Papa Pius IX">Papa Pius IX</a> (1846-1878) hadi <a href="/wiki/Papa_Yohane_XXIII" title="Papa Yohane XXIII">Papa Yohane XXIII</a> (1958-1963), wakahamasisha Maaskofu na wengineo kueneza Utawa huo, hasa <a href="/wiki/Papa_Leo_XIII" title="Papa Leo XIII">Papa Leo XIII</a> (1878-1903) aliyetoa kanuni mpya (1884) yenye sura tatu na namba 24 jumla. Pamoja na kufupisha ile ya zamani ilirahisisha mengi iweze kuwafaa Wakristo wote, ikiwadai tu wavae <a href="/wiki/Skapulari" title="Skapulari">skapulari</a> ndogo na <a href="/wiki/Kamba" class="mw-disambig" title="Kamba">kamba</a>, kupata malezi ya mwaka mmoja kabla ya kutoa <a href="/wiki/Ahadi" title="Ahadi">ahadi</a>, kuvaa na kuishi pasipo makuu, kukwepa tamasha za kilimwengu, kuwa na <a href="/wiki/Kiasi" title="Kiasi">kiasi</a> mezani, kuungama na kupokea kila mwezi, kusali <a href="/wiki/Zaburi" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaburi">Zaburi</a> au walau Baba Yetu, <a href="/wiki/Salamu_Maria" title="Salamu Maria">Salamu Maria</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atukuzwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atukuzwe (bado haujaandikwa)">Atukuzwe</a> mara 12 kwa siku, kuandika mapema wasia, kujitafiti <a href="/wiki/Dhamiri" title="Dhamiri">dhamiri</a> kila siku, kushiriki Misa kila siku ikiwezekana, kuhudhuria mkutano kila mwezi, kuchangia gharama za Utawa na misaada kwa maskini, kukaguliwa na Ndugu Wadogo kila mwaka. </p><p>Kwa juhudi hizo, na hasa kwa ma<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongamano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongamano (bado haujaandikwa)">kongamano</a> mengi makubwa, OFS ilionekana <a href="/wiki/Mshikamano" title="Mshikamano">mshikamano</a> wa kidugu wa kimataifa mbadala wa <a href="/wiki/Ukomunisti" title="Ukomunisti">Ukomunisti</a> uliotangaza <a href="/wiki/Chuki" title="Chuki">chuki</a> kwa mabepari. Lakini wengine waliogopa elekeo hilo la kijamii. Basi, <a href="/wiki/Papa_Pius_X" title="Papa Pius X">Papa Pius X</a> (1903-1914) aliweka Wasekulari chini zaidi ya Ndugu Wadogo na kudai wawajibike katika siasa binafsi, si kwa pamoja. Hivyo OFS ikarudi kutazamwa kama shule ya kiroho tu, ikachapishiwa vitabu vingi, hasa juu ya masharti yake, namna za kusali na kujinyima, kujipatia fadhili na rehema n.k. Mkusanyo wa Sheria za Kanisa ulipanga aina zote za Utawa III katika nafasi ya kwanza kati ya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyama_vya_waamini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vyama vya waamini (bado haujaandikwa)">vyama vya waamini</a>, na kueleza kuwa lengo lake ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukamilifu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukamilifu (bado haujaandikwa)">ukamilifu</a> wa Kikristo kadiri ya maisha ya ulimwenguni kwa kufuata kanuni maalumu iliyokubaliwa na Papa na chini ya uongozi na roho ya Utawa I unaohusika. </p><p>Kwa hamasa za Mapapa, wengi walijiunga na OFS (mwaka 1934 walikaribia kuwa 4,000,000!) lakini muda mfupi kabla ya <a href="/wiki/Vita_Kuu_ya_Pili_ya_Dunia" title="Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia">vita vikuu vya pili</a> walianza kupungua kutokana na matapo mengine ya kiroho kuanzishwa na kuhamasishwa na Mapapa, hasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksyo_Katoliki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksyo Katoliki (bado haujaandikwa)">Aksyo Katoliki</a>; pia kwa sababu wingi si hoja, yaani ongezeko lao lilisababisha ulegevu fulani hata kusawazisha OFS na chama chochote. Kabla na hasa baada ya <a href="/wiki/Mtaguso_wa_pili_wa_Vatikani" title="Mtaguso wa pili wa Vatikani">Mtaguso wa pili wa Vatikani</a> ilitokea misukosuko na maswali mengi. Ili kuyakabili, ilifanyika mikutano mingi ya matawi yake mbalimbali (1950 n.k.) na kuzidisha ushirikiano kati yake (pia na Utawa III wa michepuo mingine) hata ikatolewa (1957) katiba moja kwa Wasekulari wa matawi yote ya Kifransisko. Miaka hiyohiyo lilianzishwa kundi la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vijana_Wafransisko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vijana Wafransisko (bado haujaandikwa)">Vijana Wafransisko</a>. Halafu ikaanzishwa halmashauri ya kimataifa ya OFS yote (1973) na <a href="/wiki/Papa_Paulo_VI" title="Papa Paulo VI">Papa Paulo VI</a> (1963-1978) akathibitisha (1978) kanuni mpya ya OFS kulingana na maelekezo ya <a href="/wiki/Mtaguso" title="Mtaguso">Mtaguso</a> huo. Ina sura tatu na namba 26 jumla kuhusu <a href="/wiki/Asili" title="Asili">asili</a> ya OFS na kanuni yake (1-3), mtindo wa maisha (4-19) na taratibu zake (19-26). Ni kama mwongozo wa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maisha_ya_Kiinjili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maisha ya Kiinjili (bado haujaandikwa)">maisha ya Kiinjili</a> unaomkazia <a href="/wiki/Yesu_Kristo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yesu Kristo">Yesu Kristo</a> kwa kuwa Injili si nadharia, bali ni mwenyewe (namba 12 kati ya 26 zinamzungumzia wazi). Haina tena maagizo ya kinaganaga kuhusu toba, ambayo yaliachwa kwa katiba mpya (1990) iliyounganisha moja kwa moja matawi yote yaliyokuwa chini ya Wakuu 4 wa familia ya Kifransisko. Mwaka huo Wasekulari walikuwa 508,619, wengi wao wakiwa <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a> na Italia. Hapo katikati toleo la pili la Mkusanyo wa Sheria za Kanisa lilitaja Utawa III peke yake kati ya vyama vya waamini, kutokana na heshima uliyopewa na <a href="/wiki/Mapokeo" title="Mapokeo">mapokeo</a>. Jambo jipya ni kwamba sasa mashirika yoyote yanaweza kuanzisha aina ya Utawa III, hata yale ya kike. </p><p>Kuhusu Wasekulari kuishi katika nyumba za Ndugu Wadogo, mtazamo baada ya Mtaguso II wa Vatikani ukawa tofauti: Ndugu Wadogo wanapaswa kutumikia, si kutumikiwa na Wasekulari; watu wakiishi konventini kwa kufanya kazi fulani, basi walipwe kadiri ya sheria za nchi. Hivyo idadi yao ikazidi kupungua haraka: kwa OFM mwaka 1968 walikuwa 536, mwaka 1994 wakabaki 155 tu. </p><p>Kati ya Wasekulari wa hakika wa karne hizi za mwisho tunakuta wenye heri 11 na watakatifu <a href="/wiki/Yosefu_Benedikto_Cottolengo" title="Yosefu Benedikto Cottolengo">Yosefu Benedikto Cottolengo</a> (+1842), <a href="/wiki/Maria_Magdalena_Postel" title="Maria Magdalena Postel">Maria Magdalena Postel</a> (+1846), <a href="/wiki/Vinchensya_Gerosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinchensya Gerosa">Vinchensya Gerosa</a> (+1847), <a href="/wiki/Vinchensyo_Pallotti" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinchensyo Pallotti">Vinchensyo Pallotti</a> (+1850), <a href="/wiki/Mikaeli_Garicoits" title="Mikaeli Garicoits">Mikaeli Garicoits</a> (+1856), <a href="/wiki/Emilia_wa_Vialar" title="Emilia wa Vialar">Emilia wa Vialar</a> (+1856), <a href="/wiki/Yohane_Maria_Vianney" title="Yohane Maria Vianney">Yohane Maria Vianney</a> (+1859), <a href="/wiki/Zelia_Guerin" title="Zelia Guerin">Zelia Guerin</a> (+1877), <a href="/wiki/Maria_Yosefa_Rossello" title="Maria Yosefa Rossello">Maria Yosefa Rossello</a> (+1880), <a href="/wiki/Yohane_Bosco" class="mw-redirect" title="Yohane Bosco">Yohane Bosco</a> (+1888), <a href="/wiki/Louis_Martin" title="Louis Martin">Louis Martin</a> (+1894), <a href="/wiki/Arkanjelo_Tadini" title="Arkanjelo Tadini">Arkanjelo Tadini</a> (+1912), Pius X (+1914), <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Guanella" title="Luigi Guanella">Luigi Guanella</a> (+1915), <a href="/wiki/Fransiska_Saverio_Cabrini" class="mw-redirect" title="Fransiska Saverio Cabrini">Fransiska Saverio Cabrini</a> (+1917), <a href="/wiki/Rikardo_Pampuri" title="Rikardo Pampuri">Rikardo Pampuri</a> (+1930), <a href="/wiki/Anjela_wa_Msalaba" title="Anjela wa Msalaba">Anjela wa Msalaba</a> (+1932), <a href="/wiki/Nazaria_Ignasya" title="Nazaria Ignasya">Nazaria Ignasya</a> (+1943), <a href="/wiki/Maria_wa_Yesu_Ekaristi" title="Maria wa Yesu Ekaristi">Maria wa Yesu Ekaristi</a> (+1959) na <a href="/wiki/Papa_Yohane_XXIII" title="Papa Yohane XXIII">Yohane XXIII</a> (+1963), wengi wao wakiwa waanzilishi wa mashirika yasiyo ya Kifransisko. Pia kuna watakatifu 11 wa China waliofia dini (+1900): <a href="/wiki/Yohane_Zhang_Huan" title="Yohane Zhang Huan">Yohane Zhang Huan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Dong_Bodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Dong Bodi">Patrick Dong Bodi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yohane_Wang_Rui" title="Yohane Wang Rui">Yohane Wang Rui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipo_Zhang_Zhihe" title="Filipo Zhang Zhihe">Filipo Zhang Zhihe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yohane_Zhang_Jinggwang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yohane Zhang Jinggwang">Yohane Zhang Jinggwang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Shen_Jihe" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Shen Jihe">Thomas Shen Jihe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simoni_Chen_Ximan" title="Simoni Chen Ximan">Simoni Chen Ximan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petro_Zhang_Banniu" title="Petro Zhang Banniu">Petro Zhang Banniu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fransisko_Zhang_Rong" title="Fransisko Zhang Rong">Fransisko Zhang Rong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathias_Feng_De" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathias Feng De">Mathias Feng De</a> na <a href="/wiki/Petro_Wu_Anpeng" title="Petro Wu Anpeng">Petro Wu Anpeng</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tazama_pia">Tazama pia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Hariri sehemu: Tazama pia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Tazama pia"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Orodha_ya_Watakatifu_Wafransisko" title="Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko">Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tanbihi">Tanbihi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Hariri sehemu: Tanbihi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Tanbihi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marejeo">Marejeo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Hariri sehemu: Marejeo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Marejeo"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>St. Francis and the Third Order: The Franciscan and pre-Franciscan Penitential Movement</i>, by Raffaele Pazzelli, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franciscan_Institute_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franciscan Institute Publications (bado haujaandikwa)">Franciscan Institute Publications</a>, 1989. <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9780819909534" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8199-0953-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viungo_vya_nje">Viungo vya nje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Hariri sehemu: Viungo vya nje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Viungo vya nje"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vya_Kanisa_Katoliki">Vya <a href="/wiki/Kanisa_Katoliki" title="Kanisa Katoliki">Kanisa Katoliki</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Hariri sehemu: Vya Kanisa Katoliki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utawa_wa_Tatu_wa_Mt._Fransisko&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Vya Kanisa Katoliki"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14637b.htm">"Third Orders"</a> <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14520b.htm">"Tertiaries"</a> <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franfed.org/">Federation of the various congregations of men and women in the T.O.R.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nafra-sfo.org/">Secular Franciscan Order in the U.S.A.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franciscanfriarstor.com/">Friars of the Third Order Regular in the U.S.A.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20061004041156/http://www.franciscanfriarstor.com/">Archived</a> 4 Oktoba 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franciscanbrothers.org/">Franciscan Brothers of Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franciscan-brothers.net/index.html/">Brothers of the Poor of St. Francis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20130201075009/http://www.franciscan-brothers.net/index.html/">Archived</a> 1 Februari 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franciscanbrothers.net/">Franciscan Brothers of the Holy Cross</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atonementfriars.org/">Franciscan Friars of the Atonement</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.littlebrothersofstfrancis.org/">Little Brothers of St. Francis, based in Boston</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/20130215003716/http://www.littlebrothersofstfrancis.org/">Archived</a> 15 Februari 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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