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and Greenland Really Icy?"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description" content="A longstanding rumor claims the names are a bait and switch."/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/iceland-greenland-name-swap"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624im_/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/ca24cc01-0982-43b6-9891-b69faf7f60db/02_iceland_greenland_16x9.jpg?w=1200"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image:width" content="1200"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image:height" content="675"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="referrer" content="origin"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" name="tax:audiences" content="General"/><meta data-react-helmet="true" 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class="Article__Header__Branding"></div><div class="Article__Headline"><h1 class="Article__Headline__Title">Is Iceland Really Green and Greenland Really Icy?</h1><p class="Article__Headline__Desc">A longstanding rumor claims the names are a bait and switch.</p></div><div class="Article__Headeer__Interactives"></div><div class="Article__Header__Meta"><section class="Byline flex items-center"><div class="Byline__Content"><div aria-label="By Andrew Evans" class="Byline__Group"><span class="Byline__ByCopy" aria-hidden="true">By</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="Byline__AuthorRow"><span class="Byline__AuthorContainer"><span class="Byline__Author ">Andrew Evans</span></span></span></div><div class="Byline__TimestampWrapper"><div class="Byline__Meta Byline__Meta--publishDate">Published June 30, 2016</div><div class="Byline__ReadTime Byline__Meta"><span class="Byline__Bullet" aria-hidden="true">• </span>7 min read</div></div></div></section><section class="Share flex flex-no-wrap Article__Header__Share"><button aria-label="Share on Facebook" class="Button Button--default Button--icon-noLabel Share__Item Share__Item--facebook" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="Share__Icon icon__svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="/web/20221017141624im_/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/iceland-greenland-name-swap#icon__social__facebook"></use></svg><span class="Share__Text">Share</span></button><button aria-label="Tweet" class="Button Button--default Button--icon-noLabel Share__Item Share__Item--twitter" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="Share__Icon icon__svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="/web/20221017141624im_/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/iceland-greenland-name-swap#icon__social__twitter"></use></svg><span class="Share__Text">Tweet</span></button><button aria-label="Email" class="Button Button--default Button--icon-noLabel Share__Item Share__Item--email__filled" 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copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.</div></div><div class="CenterCropFrame"><div class="CenterCropFrame__Frame" style="padding-bottom:66.40625%"><div class="CenterCropFrame__Child-Wrap" style="margin-top:-0.13790131437190212%;margin-bottom:-0.13790131437190212%;width:100%"><div class="CopyrightImage"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent" id="inline-0_1"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative"><img alt="Aerials of Lake Myvatn craters formed by steam explosions" class="" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"/></div></figure><div class="Image__Copyright" style="top:0">Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="Caption__Wrapper"><div class="Caption Caption--hideEndBug"><div class="Caption__TextWrapper"><div class="Caption__Text" aria-live="polite"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span><span class="RichText"><strong>Left</strong>: <p>This iceberg in Scoresby Sound, East Greenland, is one of many frozen sights in the country.</p> </span></span></span></div></div><span aria-label="Photograph by Frans Lanting, Nat Geo Image Collection" class="RichText Caption__Credit">Photograph by Frans Lanting, Nat Geo Image Collection</span></div></div><div class="Caption__Wrapper"><div class="Caption"><div class="Caption__TextWrapper"><div class="Caption__Text" aria-live="polite"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span><span class="RichText"><strong>Right</strong>: <p>Craters at Lake Myvatn in Iceland are among the country's many green landscapes.</p> </span></span></span></div></div><span aria-label="Photograph by Jonas Bendiksen, National Geographic" class="RichText Caption__Credit">Photograph by Jonas Bendiksen, National Geographic</span></div></div></aside></div><p>A glance at the globe might make you wonder why Iceland seems oddly green, while Greenland is covered in ice. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-faa7fa4fc437002089f380378115e1bd">There’s even an Internet meme about it.</a></p><p>Schoolyard wisdom says this was intentional—Iceland’s Viking settlers thought the name would discourage oversettlement of their verdant island, while nobody cared if people tried to settle the ice-covered Greenland. But the truth is more complicated, and it has to do with both Norse custom and our shifting global climate.</p><h2><b>The Facts</b></h2><p>Over 80 percent of Greenland is covered in ice, but its grass was probably greener back in the summer of A.D. 982, when Erik the Red first landed in the southwest of the island. Sheep and potato farms still flourish in that same southwestern corner of Greenland, which sits at a more southerly latitude than neighboring Iceland.</p><p>Meanwhile, thanks to the Gulf Stream, Iceland’s sea surface temperatures can be about 10ºF (6ºC) warmer than Greenland. The milder climate means summers are intensely green throughout Iceland, even though 11 percent of that country is still covered with permanent ice cap. Vatnajökull is Europe’s largest glacier—a piece of ice the size of Puerto Rico.</p><div class="ResponsiveWrapper"><aside class="InlineElement InlineElement--below-paragraph InlineElement--content-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage" aria-label="Image"><div class="CopyrightImage"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative"><img alt="crater of Hverfjall with the frozen Myvatn in the foreground. Full Moon. Iceland" class="" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"/></div><figcaption><div class="Caption__Wrapper"><div class="Caption"><div class="Caption__TextWrapper"><div class="Caption__Text" aria-live="polite"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span><span class="RichText"><p>Iceland isn't all green: Here, ice and snow cover the crater of Hverfjall with frozen Myvatn in the foreground.</p> </span></span></span></div></div><span aria-label="Photograph by Orsolya Haarberg, Nat Geo Image Collection" class="RichText Caption__Credit">Photograph by Orsolya Haarberg, Nat Geo Image Collection</span></div></div></figcaption></figure><div class="Image__Copyright" style="top:0">Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.</div></div></aside></div><h2><b>So How Did the Names Get Switched?</b></h2><p>The current names come from the Vikings. Norse custom was to name a thing as they saw it. For instance, when he saw wild grapes (blackberries, probably) growing on the shore, Erik the Red’s son, Leif Eríksson, named a portion of Canada “Vinland.”</p><p>Ice core and mollusk shell data suggests that from A.D. 800 to 1300, southern Greenland was much warmer than it is today. This means that when the Vikings first arrived, the Greenland name would make sense. But by the 14<sup>th</sup> century, maximum summer temperatures in <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/http://www.pnas.org/content/107/12/5306">Greenland had dropped</a>. Lower temperatures meant fewer crops and more sea ice, forcing the local Norse population to abandon their colonies.</p><p>The Icelandic sagas fill in the other half of the switched-name story.</p><p>The legends say Naddador was the first Norse explorer to reach Iceland, and he named the country Snæland or “snow land” because it was snowing. Swedish Viking Garðar Svavarosson followed Naddador, and this led to the island being called Garðarshólmur<i> </i>(“Garðar’s Isle”). Alas, Garðar’s Isle was not so kind to its next arrival, a Viking named Flóki Vilgerðarson. Flóki’s daughter drowned en route to Iceland, then all his livestock starved to death as the winter dragged on. Depressed and frustrated, Flóki, the sagas say, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://books.google.com/books?id=HY_klT7NjvAC&pg=PT139&lpg=PT139&dq=Flóki+climbed+a+high+mountain&source=bl&ots=hZk5mnlzU6&sig=WtGzcRjkPQN8iBlyMDtI8Wt59HA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiArr3Z7s_NAhVn2oMKHQMZAFcQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&q=Flóki climbed a high mountain&f=false" target="_blank">climbed a mountain only to see a fjord full of icebergs</a>, which led to the island's new name.</p><p>Like the iceberg that struck the <i>Titanic</i>, the spring ice that Flóki saw most likely drifted over from Greenland, but no matter—Flóki’s name stuck fast in the Viking world. Back in Norway, Flóki disparaged Iceland, but one member of his crew named Thorólf spread rumors that the new island was so rich, butter dripped from every blade of grass. Permanent settlement began soon after.</p><p>The new population on the island “felt they were part of the Nordic region, but they wanted to maintain a separate identity,” says Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, a professor of history and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/http://icelandreview.com/news/2016/06/27/gudni-th-johannesson-elected-president-iceland">newly elected president of Iceland</a>. These settlers called themselves <i>Íslendingur,</i> which Guðni says means “a man from Iceland in the court of Norway.”</p><p>“An island has to have a name, and that is the one that stuck,” he adds.</p><p>A century later, Iceland was a growing democracy and the home of Erik the Red, who was banished from the country after killing three people in a feud. He sailed west in search of a new home—and found it. The sagas (in this case Erik the Red’s <i>Saga of the Icelanders</i>)<i> </i>tell the rest of the story in a single sentence:</p><p>“In the summer, Erik left to settle in the country he had found, which he called Greenland, as he said people would be attracted there if it had a favorable name.”</p><p>Thus, Iceland was named by a sad Viking and Greenland is the slogan of a medieval marketing scheme.</p><p>“It is unfortunate that the name Greenland stuck because that is not the name that the natives know it by,” Guðni says. Today’s Greenlanders call their country Kalaallit Nunaat, which simply means “Land of the People” in the Greenlandic Inuit language.</p><div class="ResponsiveWrapper"><aside class="InlineElement InlineElement--below-paragraph InlineElement--content-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage" aria-label="Image"><div class="CopyrightImage"><figure class="Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image"><div class="RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto"></div><div class="Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative"><img alt="fishing community of Itilleq in southern Greenland" class="" data-mptype="image" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"/></div><figcaption><div class="Caption__Wrapper"><div class="Caption"><div class="Caption__TextWrapper"><div class="Caption__Text" aria-live="polite"><span class="Truncate Truncate--collapsed"><span><span class="RichText"><p>In some places, like the fishing village Itilleq, Greenland lives up to its verdant name. </p> </span></span></span></div></div><span aria-label="Photograph by Pete Ryan. Nat Geo Image Collection" class="RichText Caption__Credit">Photograph by Pete Ryan. Nat Geo Image Collection</span></div></div></figcaption></figure><div class="Image__Copyright" style="top:0">Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.</div></div></aside></div><h2><b>Switching Back</b></h2><p>Unfortunately, the Land of the People Most Adept at Living With Ice now faces the impending realities of climate change. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/ice-melting-greenland-jet-stream-weather-climate-change/">The rapidly melting Greenland ice sheet</a> has resulted in cold temperatures in the North Atlantic, which has <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/gulf-stream-is-slowing-down-faster-than-ever-scientists-say-10128700.html">significantly slowed the Gulf Stream</a>. Should the trend continue, Iceland will likely suffer much colder temperatures and even sea ice, while Greenland will continue to grow warmer and shed icebergs at an alarming rate.</p><p>In a century or two, it could very well be that the globe will make more sense, and Iceland and Greenland will better resemble the names they were given a thousand years ago.</p><p><i>Andrew Evans is a writer and TV host based in Washington, D.C. As Digital Nomad, he completed over 30 assignments for National Geographic, including his epic overland journey from Washington to Antarctica on public transportation. You can follow his adventures at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__LettersFrom.Earth&d=DQMFaQ&c=uw6TLu4hwhHdiGJOgwcWD4AjKQx6zvFcGEsbfiY9-EI&r=Rhq9BdZhGvBN1YmKV6CtCXD-aa_KxzZwkI5fefNCKl8&m=tgO5HcOT2mHIVISRL4MZOSkpCpanML1qBwDgBt3hdcI&s=TGH15Q7tl8JJ9B77ULzLnzISwwNieT6Xum3CLad1gYI&e=">LettersFromEarth</a>.</i></p></div></section><div class="ResponsiveWrapper"><div class="Article__Footer"><div class="Article__Footer--items flex flex-wrap flex-no-wrap items-center justify-between"><section class="Share flex flex-no-wrap"><button aria-label="Share on Facebook" class="Button Button--default Button--icon-noLabel Share__Item Share__Item--facebook" tabindex="0"><svg focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" class="Share__Icon icon__svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><use xlink:href="/web/20221017141624im_/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/iceland-greenland-name-swap#icon__social__facebook"></use></svg><span 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of Lake Myvatn craters formed by steam explosions","crdt":"Photograph by Jonas Bendiksen, National Geographic","dsc":"Aerials of Lake Myvatn craters formed by steam explosions.","ext":"jpg","ttl":"01_iceland_greenland"},"src":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/c178d04b-6924-4891-9df3-0cb467d6c769/01_iceland_greenland.jpg"}],"size":"medium"},"type":"inline"},{"id":"html0","cntnt":{"mrkup":"A glance at the globe might make you wonder why Iceland seems oddly green, while Greenland is covered in ice. <a href=\"https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-faa7fa4fc437002089f380378115e1bd\">There’s even an Internet meme about it.</a>"},"type":"p"},{"id":"html1","cntnt":{"mrkup":"Schoolyard wisdom says this was intentional—Iceland’s Viking settlers thought the name would discourage oversettlement of their verdant island, while nobody cared if people tried to settle the ice-covered Greenland. But the truth is more complicated, and it has to do with both Norse custom and our shifting global climate."},"type":"p"},{"id":"html2","cntnt":{"mrkup":"<b>The Facts</b>"},"type":"h2"},{"id":"html3","cntnt":{"mrkup":"Over 80 percent of Greenland is covered in ice, but its grass was probably greener back in the summer of A.D. 982, when Erik the Red first landed in the southwest of the island. Sheep and potato farms still flourish in that same southwestern corner of Greenland, which sits at a more southerly latitude than neighboring Iceland."},"type":"p"},{"id":"html4","cntnt":{"mrkup":"Meanwhile, thanks to the Gulf Stream, Iceland’s sea surface temperatures can be about 10ºF (6ºC) warmer than Greenland. The milder climate means summers are intensely green throughout Iceland, even though 11 percent of that country is still covered with permanent ice cap. Vatnajökull is Europe’s largest glacier—a piece of ice the size of Puerto Rico."},"type":"p"},{"id":"inline-1","cntnt":{"cmsType":"image","hasCopyright":true,"id":"inline-1","lines":3,"positionMetaBottom":true,"showMore":true,"caption":"<p>Iceland isn't all green: Here, ice and snow cover the crater of Hverfjall with frozen Myvatn in the foreground.</p>\n","credit":"Photograph by Orsolya Haarberg, Nat Geo Image Collection","image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.5003663003663004,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/31016018-f5dc-48d4-9059-414fb073b6e7/04_iceland_greenland.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/31016018-f5dc-48d4-9059-414fb073b6e7/04_iceland_greenland_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/31016018-f5dc-48d4-9059-414fb073b6e7/04_iceland_greenland_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/31016018-f5dc-48d4-9059-414fb073b6e7/04_iceland_greenland_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/31016018-f5dc-48d4-9059-414fb073b6e7/04_iceland_greenland_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/31016018-f5dc-48d4-9059-414fb073b6e7/04_iceland_greenland_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/31016018-f5dc-48d4-9059-414fb073b6e7/04_iceland_greenland_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/31016018-f5dc-48d4-9059-414fb073b6e7/04_iceland_greenland_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/31016018-f5dc-48d4-9059-414fb073b6e7/04_iceland_greenland","src":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/31016018-f5dc-48d4-9059-414fb073b6e7/04_iceland_greenland.jpg","altText":"crater of Hverfjall with the frozen Myvatn in the foreground. Full Moon. Iceland","crdt":"Photograph by Orsolya Haarberg, Nat Geo Image Collection","dsc":"The crater of Hverfjall with the frozen Myvatn in the foreground. Full Moon. Iceland.","ext":"jpg","ttl":"04_iceland_greenland"},"imageAlt":"crater of Hverfjall with the frozen Myvatn in the foreground. Full Moon. Iceland","align":"contentWidth","belowParagraph":true,"imageSrc":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/31016018-f5dc-48d4-9059-414fb073b6e7/04_iceland_greenland_16x9.jpg?w=636&h=358","size":"small"},"type":"inline"},{"id":"html5","cntnt":{"mrkup":"<b>So How Did the Names Get Switched?</b>"},"type":"h2"},{"id":"html6","cntnt":{"mrkup":"The current names come from the Vikings. Norse custom was to name a thing as they saw it. For instance, when he saw wild grapes (blackberries, probably) growing on the shore, Erik the Red’s son, Leif Eríksson, named a portion of Canada “Vinland.”"},"type":"p"},{"id":"html7","cntnt":{"mrkup":"Ice core and mollusk shell data suggests that from A.D. 800 to 1300, southern Greenland was much warmer than it is today. This means that when the Vikings first arrived, the Greenland name would make sense. But by the 14<sup>th</sup> century, maximum summer temperatures in <a href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/107/12/5306\">Greenland had dropped</a>. Lower temperatures meant fewer crops and more sea ice, forcing the local Norse population to abandon their colonies."},"type":"p"},{"id":"html8","cntnt":{"mrkup":"The Icelandic sagas fill in the other half of the switched-name story."},"type":"p"},{"id":"html9","cntnt":{"mrkup":"The legends say Naddador was the first Norse explorer to reach Iceland, and he named the country Snæland or “snow land” because it was snowing. Swedish Viking Garðar Svavarosson followed Naddador, and this led to the island being called Garðarshólmur<i> </i>(“Garðar’s Isle”). Alas, Garðar’s Isle was not so kind to its next arrival, a Viking named Flóki Vilgerðarson. Flóki’s daughter drowned en route to Iceland, then all his livestock starved to death as the winter dragged on. Depressed and frustrated, Flóki, the sagas say, <a href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=HY_klT7NjvAC&pg=PT139&lpg=PT139&dq=Flóki+climbed+a+high+mountain&source=bl&ots=hZk5mnlzU6&sig=WtGzcRjkPQN8iBlyMDtI8Wt59HA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiArr3Z7s_NAhVn2oMKHQMZAFcQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&q=Flóki climbed a high mountain&f=false\" target=\"_blank\">climbed a mountain only to see a fjord full of icebergs</a>, which led to the island's new name."},"type":"p"},{"id":"html10","cntnt":{"mrkup":"Like the iceberg that struck the <i>Titanic</i>, the spring ice that Flóki saw most likely drifted over from Greenland, but no matter—Flóki’s name stuck fast in the Viking world. Back in Norway, Flóki disparaged Iceland, but one member of his crew named Thorólf spread rumors that the new island was so rich, butter dripped from every blade of grass. Permanent settlement began soon after."},"type":"p"},{"id":"html11","cntnt":{"mrkup":"The new population on the island “felt they were part of the Nordic region, but they wanted to maintain a separate identity,” says Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, a professor of history and <a href=\"http://icelandreview.com/news/2016/06/27/gudni-th-johannesson-elected-president-iceland\">newly elected president of Iceland</a>. These settlers called themselves <i>Íslendingur,</i> which Guðni says means “a man from Iceland in the court of Norway.”"},"type":"p"},{"id":"html12","cntnt":{"mrkup":"“An island has to have a name, and that is the one that stuck,” he adds."},"type":"p"},{"id":"html13","cntnt":{"mrkup":"A century later, Iceland was a growing democracy and the home of Erik the Red, who was banished from the country after killing three people in a feud. He sailed west in search of a new home—and found it. The sagas (in this case Erik the Red’s <i>Saga of the Icelanders</i>)<i> </i>tell the rest of the story in a single sentence:"},"type":"p"},{"id":"html14","cntnt":{"mrkup":"“In the summer, Erik left to settle in the country he had found, which he called Greenland, as he said people would be attracted there if it had a favorable name.”"},"type":"p"},{"id":"html15","cntnt":{"mrkup":"Thus, Iceland was named by a sad Viking and Greenland is the slogan of a medieval marketing scheme."},"type":"p"},{"id":"html16","cntnt":{"mrkup":"“It is unfortunate that the name Greenland stuck because that is not the name that the natives know it by,” Guðni says. Today’s Greenlanders call their country Kalaallit Nunaat, which simply means “Land of the People” in the Greenlandic Inuit language."},"type":"p"},{"id":"inline-2","cntnt":{"cmsType":"image","hasCopyright":true,"id":"inline-2","lines":3,"positionMetaBottom":true,"showMore":true,"caption":"<p>In some places, like the fishing village Itilleq, Greenland lives up to its verdant name. </p>\n","credit":"Photograph by Pete Ryan. Nat Geo Image Collection","image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.5003663003663004,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e26b445-dc37-4ca1-8a7d-658b99f299ac/03_iceland_greenland.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e26b445-dc37-4ca1-8a7d-658b99f299ac/03_iceland_greenland_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e26b445-dc37-4ca1-8a7d-658b99f299ac/03_iceland_greenland_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e26b445-dc37-4ca1-8a7d-658b99f299ac/03_iceland_greenland_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e26b445-dc37-4ca1-8a7d-658b99f299ac/03_iceland_greenland_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e26b445-dc37-4ca1-8a7d-658b99f299ac/03_iceland_greenland_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e26b445-dc37-4ca1-8a7d-658b99f299ac/03_iceland_greenland_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e26b445-dc37-4ca1-8a7d-658b99f299ac/03_iceland_greenland_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e26b445-dc37-4ca1-8a7d-658b99f299ac/03_iceland_greenland","src":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e26b445-dc37-4ca1-8a7d-658b99f299ac/03_iceland_greenland.jpg","altText":"fishing community of Itilleq in southern Greenland","crdt":"Photograph by Pete Ryan. Nat Geo Image Collection","dsc":"The fishing community of Itilleq in southern Greenland.","ext":"jpg","ttl":"03_iceland_greenland"},"imageAlt":"fishing community of Itilleq in southern Greenland","align":"contentWidth","belowParagraph":true,"imageSrc":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6e26b445-dc37-4ca1-8a7d-658b99f299ac/03_iceland_greenland_16x9.jpg?w=636&h=358","size":"small"},"type":"inline"},{"id":"html17","cntnt":{"mrkup":"<b>Switching Back</b>"},"type":"h2"},{"id":"html18","cntnt":{"mrkup":"Unfortunately, the Land of the People Most Adept at Living With Ice now faces the impending realities of climate change. <a href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/ice-melting-greenland-jet-stream-weather-climate-change/\">The rapidly melting Greenland ice sheet</a> has resulted in cold temperatures in the North Atlantic, which has <a href=\"http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/gulf-stream-is-slowing-down-faster-than-ever-scientists-say-10128700.html\">significantly slowed the Gulf Stream</a>. Should the trend continue, Iceland will likely suffer much colder temperatures and even sea ice, while Greenland will continue to grow warmer and shed icebergs at an alarming rate."},"type":"p"},{"id":"html19","cntnt":{"mrkup":"In a century or two, it could very well be that the globe will make more sense, and Iceland and Greenland will better resemble the names they were given a thousand years ago."},"type":"p"},{"id":"html20","cntnt":{"mrkup":"<i>Andrew Evans is a writer and TV host based in Washington, D.C. As Digital Nomad, he completed over 30 assignments for National Geographic, including his epic overland journey from Washington to Antarctica on public transportation. You can follow his adventures at <a href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__LettersFrom.Earth&d=DQMFaQ&c=uw6TLu4hwhHdiGJOgwcWD4AjKQx6zvFcGEsbfiY9-EI&r=Rhq9BdZhGvBN1YmKV6CtCXD-aa_KxzZwkI5fefNCKl8&m=tgO5HcOT2mHIVISRL4MZOSkpCpanML1qBwDgBt3hdcI&s=TGH15Q7tl8JJ9B77ULzLnzISwwNieT6Xum3CLad1gYI&e=\">LettersFromEarth</a>.</i>"},"type":"p"}],"cid":"drn:src:natgeo:unison::prod:7f70a83e-67f7-47a2-a6ac-591289c0fbc4","cntrbGrp":[{"contributors":[{"displayName":"Andrew Evans"}],"title":"By","rl":"Writer"}],"mode":"richtext","dt":"2016-06-30T13:51:02.000Z","dscrptn":"A longstanding rumor claims the names are a bait and switch.","enableAds":true,"endbug":true,"isMetered":true,"isUserAuthed":false,"mdDt":"2021-05-03T17:24:26.744Z","pbDt":"2016-06-30T13:51:02.000Z","readTime":"7 min read","schma":{"athrs":[{"name":"Andrew Evans"}],"cnnicl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/iceland-greenland-name-swap","kywrds":"ice, vikings, iceland, greenland","lg":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://assets-cdn.nationalgeographic.com/natgeo/static/default.NG.logo.dark.jpg","pblshr":"National Geographic","abt":"Ice","sclDsc":"A longstanding rumor claims the names are a bait and switch.","sclImg":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/ca24cc01-0982-43b6-9891-b69faf7f60db/02_iceland_greenland_16x9.jpg?w=1200","sclTtl":"Is Iceland Really Green and Greenland Really Icy?"},"sctn":"Science","shrURLs":{"fbIcon":"facebook","fb":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Ficeland-greenland-name-swap","fbAriaLabel":"article.facebookShare.ariaLabel","fbLabel":"article.facebookShare.label","fbButtonTracking":{"event_name":"share","share_content_type":"article","content_title":"is iceland really green and greenland really icy?","share_method":"facebook"},"emailIcon":"email__filled","email":"mailto:?subject=Is%20Iceland%20Really%20Green%20and%20Greenland%20Really%20Icy%3F&body=A%20longstanding%20rumor%20claims%20the%20names%20are%20a%20bait%20and%20switch.%0A%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Ficeland-greenland-name-swap","emailLabel":"Email","emailButtonTracking":{"event_name":"share","share_content_type":"article","content_title":"is iceland really green and greenland really icy?","share_method":"email"},"twitter":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Ficeland-greenland-name-swap&text=Is%20Iceland%20Really%20Green%20and%20Greenland%20Really%20Icy%3F&via=NatGeo","twitterLabel":"Tweet","twitterButtonTracking":{"event_name":"share","share_content_type":"article","content_title":"is iceland really green and greenland really icy?","share_method":"twitter"}},"title":"Is Iceland Really Green and Greenland Really Icy?","wrdcnt":1022}]}],"cmsType":"ArticleBodyFrame"},{"id":"email-sticky-footer-frame1","mods":[{"id":"1695a8e9-54f6-4370-b124-31d9aaf89dac","cmsType":"StackModule","align":"left","edgs":[{"id":"6d05472e-f86d-4e24-980e-2e0d6d342f67","cmsType":"EmailStickyFooterTile","title":"Enter your email to continue reading","errorMessage":"Please enter a valid e-mail address.","mrktngMeta":{"cpgnCd":"20220811_global_email wall_science"},"subtitle":"Breaking discoveries and timely explainers delivered to your inbox—unsubscribe any time. Plus, unlock 3 free articles per month.","success":{"description":"<p>You have 3 free articles left this month. <a href=\"https://nationalgeographic.com/subscribe/emailthankyou\"> SUBSCRIBE NOW </a>to get unlimited digital access to National Geographic.</p>","header":"Thanks for signing up!","footer":"Watch your inbox over the next few days for photos, stories, and special offers from us."},"submitButton":"CONTINUE","closeableGeos":["uk"]}]}]},{"id":"paywall-meter-frame1","mods":[{"id":"paywall-meter-frame1-module1","cmsType":"StackModule","align":"left","edgs":[{"id":"paywall-meter-frame1-module1-tile1","cmsType":"PaywallMeterTile","heading":"Exploration is just a click away.","description":"Subscribe to get unlimited digital access to National Geographic.","cta":{"text":"Subscribe Now","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://ngmdomsubs.nationalgeographic.com/servlet/OrdersGateway?cds_mag_code=NGM&cds_page_id=268661","target":"_self"},"image":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/6333a603-7ecc-4d2c-acbc-7c6f031cfe0f/ngm-iphone.png"}]},"campaignName":"20220920_US/CA_paywall_counter"}]}]},null,{"id":"natgeo-web-template-readthisnext-frame","mods":[{"id":"natgeo-web-template-readthisnext-module","cmsType":"RecirculationGridModule","itemTruncate":{"description":4,"title":4},"contentList":[{"description":"Interbreeding between animals of different lineages is widespread in nature—and may reveal some of the mysteries of evolution.","img":{"crps":[{"nm":"raw","aspRto":1.499267935578331,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4872eb9a-5401-47e0-bc80-aacb7bea4d8d/04_GettyImages-1172550111.jpg"},{"nm":"16x9","aspRto":1.7777777777777777,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4872eb9a-5401-47e0-bc80-aacb7bea4d8d/04_GettyImages-1172550111_16x9.jpg"},{"nm":"3x2","aspRto":1.5,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4872eb9a-5401-47e0-bc80-aacb7bea4d8d/04_GettyImages-1172550111_3x2.jpg"},{"nm":"square","aspRto":1,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4872eb9a-5401-47e0-bc80-aacb7bea4d8d/04_GettyImages-1172550111_square.jpg"},{"nm":"2x3","aspRto":0.6666666666666666,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4872eb9a-5401-47e0-bc80-aacb7bea4d8d/04_GettyImages-1172550111_2x3.jpg"},{"nm":"3x4","aspRto":0.75,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4872eb9a-5401-47e0-bc80-aacb7bea4d8d/04_GettyImages-1172550111_3x4.jpg"},{"nm":"4x3","aspRto":1.3333333333333333,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4872eb9a-5401-47e0-bc80-aacb7bea4d8d/04_GettyImages-1172550111_4x3.jpg"},{"nm":"2x1","aspRto":2,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4872eb9a-5401-47e0-bc80-aacb7bea4d8d/04_GettyImages-1172550111_2x1.jpg"}],"rt":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4872eb9a-5401-47e0-bc80-aacb7bea4d8d/04_GettyImages-1172550111","src":"https://web.archive.org/web/20221017141624/https://i.natgeofe.com/n/4872eb9a-5401-47e0-bc80-aacb7bea4d8d/04_GettyImages-1172550111.jpg","crdt":"Photograph by Philippe Clement, Arterra, Universal Images Group, Getty","dsc":"Polar bear - brown bear hybrid / polar bear-grizzly bear hybrid also called grolar bear / pizzly bear / nanulak, rare ursid hybrid. 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