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The Bronswik Affair - Wikipedia
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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1978 Canadian film</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">The Bronswik Affair</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data description"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>L'Affaire Bronswik</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data">Robert Awad<br />André Leduc</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data">Robert Awad</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Jodoin" title="René Jodoin">René Jodoin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data">Lorna Brown (voice)<br />Richard Comar (voice)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Narrated by</th><td class="infobox-data">Ian De Voy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data">Richard Moras<br />Jacques Avoine<br />Raymond Dumas<br />Simon Leblanc</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data">Robert Awad</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Animation by</th><td class="infobox-data">Robert Awad<br />André Leduc<br />Jean-Michel Labrosse</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br />company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>1978<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1978</span>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">24 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$106,618</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Bronswik Affair</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">L'Affaire Bronswik</i>) is a 1978 Canadian <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short film</a>, directed by Robert Awad and André Leduc for the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bronswik_Affair&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An animated <a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">mockumentary</a>, the film satirizes advertising and marketing<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through the story of Bronswik, a fictional manufacturer of television sets which feature special technology designed to disable viewers' ability to resist advertising pitches, spawning a frenzied addiction to <a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">consumerism</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which leads to a political and social crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bronswik_Affair&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The film had a budget of $106,618 (equivalent to $457,642 in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991241_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991241-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bronswik_Affair&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Film_Awards" title="29th Canadian Film Awards">29th Canadian Film Awards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>: <a href="/wiki/Genie_Award_for_Best_Theatrical_Short_Film" title="Genie Award for Best Theatrical Short Film">Best Theatrical Short Film</a>, 1978<sup id="cite_ref-topalovich_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topalovich-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_International_Film_Festival" title="Chicago International Film Festival">Chicago International Film Festival</a>, Chicago: Silver Plaque, 1978</li> <li>Linz International Short Film Festival, <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>: Third Prize, Most Humoristic Film, 1978</li> <li>International Festival of Short and Documentary Films, <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>: COLIOP Award (Comité Lillois d'opinion publique), 1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkton_Film_Festival" title="Yorkton Film Festival">Yorkton Film Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yorkton" title="Yorkton">Yorkton</a>: Golden Sheaf Award, Best Humour Film, 1979<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>New York International Film & Television Festival, New York: Bronze Medal, 1980</li> <li>Golden Gate International Film Festival, San Francisco: Certificate for Remarkable Direction, Short film for commercial distribution, 1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_International_Film_Festival" title="Melbourne International Film Festival">Melbourne Film Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>: Diploma of Merit, 1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_International_Film_%26_Animation_Festival" title="Columbus International Film & Animation Festival">Columbus International Film & Animation Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a>: Chris Statuette, Commerce and Industry, 1980</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bronswik_Affair&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_manipulation" title="Media manipulation">Media manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_studies" title="Television studies">Television studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_placement" title="Product placement">Product placement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bronswik_Affair&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=12542">"The Bronswik Affair"</a>. <i>onf-nfb.gc.ca</i>. National Film Board of Canada<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=onf-nfb.gc.ca&rft.atitle=The+Bronswik+Affair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonf-nfb.gc.ca%2Fen%2Four-collection%2F%3Fidfilm%3D12542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bronswik+Affair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel Coulombe and Marcel Jean, <i>Le dictionnaire du cinéma québécois</i>. Boréal, 1988. p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/889317243">WorldCat.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mubi.com/films/the-bronswik-affair">MUBI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Short Film Reviews: L'Affaire Bronswik". <i><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Canada" title="Cinema Canada">Cinema Canada</a></i>, March 1979. pp. 38-39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1991241-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1991241_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans1991">Evans 1991</a>, p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-topalovich-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-topalovich_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maria Topalovich, <i>And the Genie Goes To...: Celebrating 50 Years of the Canadian Film Awards</i>. <a href="/wiki/Stoddart_Publishing" title="Stoddart Publishing">Stoddart Publishing</a>, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7737-3238-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7737-3238-1">0-7737-3238-1</a>. pp. 121-124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/5f2a82b7-1500-4a99-ba2c-db60588ba5ab/downloads/1979.pdf?ver=1677792975581">"The Bronswik Affair"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>yorktonfilm.com</i>. Yorkton Film Festival<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yorktonfilm.com&rft.atitle=The+Bronswik+Affair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimg1.wsimg.com%2Fblobby%2Fgo%2F5f2a82b7-1500-4a99-ba2c-db60588ba5ab%2Fdownloads%2F1979.pdf%3Fver%3D1677792975581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bronswik+Affair" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bronswik_Affair&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1991" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Gary (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/innationalintere0000evan"><i>In the National Interest: A Chronicle of the National Film Board of Canada from 1949 to 1989</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802027849" title="Special:BookSources/0802027849"><bdi>0802027849</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+National+Interest%3A+A+Chronicle+of+the+National+Film+Board+of+Canada+from+1949+to+1989&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0802027849&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finnationalintere0000evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bronswik+Affair" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bronswik_Affair&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nfb.ca/film/bronswik_affair/">Watch <i>The Bronswik Affair</i></a> on the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">NFB</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0077126/"><i>The Bronswik Affair</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6YZWz90BT5c"><span class="plainlinks"><i>The Bronswik Affair</i></span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>'s official NFB channel</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:silver"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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id="Academy_of_Canadian_Cinema_&amp;_Television_for_Best_Animated_Short,_Best_Live_Action_Short_and_Best_Theatrical_Short" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Canadian_Cinema_%26_Television" title="Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television">Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television</a> for <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short" title="Canadian Screen Award for Best Animated Short">Best Animated Short</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Drama" title="Canadian Screen Award for Best Live Action Short Drama">Best Live Action Short</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genie_Award_for_Best_Theatrical_Short_Film" title="Genie Award for Best Theatrical Short Film">Best Theatrical Short</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:silver;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genie_Award_for_Best_Theatrical_Short_Film" title="Genie Award for Best Theatrical Short Film">Theatrical Short</a><br />(1949–1996)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Will_Teach_Your_Child%3F" title="Who Will Teach Your Child?">Who Will Teach Your Child?</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(1949_film)" title="North Shore (1949 film)">North Shore</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/After_Prison,_What%3F" title="After Prison, What?">After Prison, What?</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opera_School" title="Opera School">Opera School</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bird_Fancier" title="The Bird Fancier">L'Homme aux oiseaux</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Oak_Street" title="Farewell Oak Street">Farewell Oak Street</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High_Tide_in_Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="High Tide in Newfoundland">High Tide in Newfoundland</a></i><sup>1</sup> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gold_(1955_film)" title="Gold (1955 film)">Gold</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sceptre_and_the_Mace" title="The Sceptre and the Mace">The Sceptre and the Mace</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Money_Minters" title="Money Minters">Money Minters</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Quest_(1958_film)" title="The Quest (1958 film)">The Quest</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tall_Country" title="The Tall Country">The Tall Country</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Royal_River_(film)" title="Royal River (film)">Royal River</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Universe_(1960_film)" title="Universe (1960 film)">Universe</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_on_the_Li%C3%A8vre" title="Morning on the Lièvre">Morning on the Lièvre</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nahanni_(film)" title="Nahanni (film)">Nahanni</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anniversary_(1963_film)" title="Anniversary (1963 film)">Anniversary</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do_Not_Fold,_Staple,_Spindle_or_Mutilate" title="Do Not Fold, Staple, Spindle or Mutilate">Do Not Fold, Staple, Spindle or Mutilate</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_No_Time_for_Romance" title="This Is No Time for Romance">Ça n'est pas le temps des romans</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vertige_(1969_film)" title="Vertige (1969 film)">Vertige</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/At_Home_(film)" title="At Home (film)">At Home</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Matter_of_Fat" title="A Matter of Fat">A Matter of Fat</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Blake_(film)" title="Blake (film)">Blake</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Knock_the_Ox" title="Don't Knock the Ox">Don't Knock the Ox</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_a_Photograph_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="This Is a Photograph (film)">This Is a Photograph</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goodbye_Sousa" title="Goodbye Sousa">Goodbye Sousa</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Along_These_Lines_(film)" title="Along These Lines (film)">Along These Lines</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooperage_(film)" title="Cooperage (film)">Cooperage</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spartree" title="Spartree">Spartree</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">L'Affaire Bronswik</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nails_(1979_film)" title="Nails (1979 film)">Nails</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Strongest_Man_in_the_World_(1980_film)" title="The Strongest Man in the World (1980 film)">The Strongest Man in the World</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zea_(film)" title="Zea (film)">Zea</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Gratton" title="Elvis Gratton">Elvis Gratton</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ted_Baryluk%27s_Grocery" title="Ted Baryluk's Grocery">Ted Baryluk's Grocery</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charade_(1984_film)" title="Charade (1984 film)">Charade</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_and_Rosemary" title="George and Rosemary">George and Rosemary</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saeed_(film)" title="Saeed (film)">Saeed</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_(1994_film)" title="Arrowhead (1994 film)">Arrowhead</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magical_Flowers" title="Magical Flowers">Les fleurs magiques</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Home_for_Blind_Women" title="The Home for Blind Women">The Home for Blind Women</a></i> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:silver;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Drama" title="Canadian Screen Award for Best Live Action Short Drama">Live Action Short</a><br />(1986–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Edit_(film)" title="The Edit (film)">The Edit</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Need_a_Man_Like_You_to_Make_My_Dreams_Come_True" title="I Need a Man Like You to Make My Dreams Come True">I Need a Man Like You to Make My Dreams Come True</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Moon_Men_of_Canada" title="The Mysterious Moon Men of Canada">The Mysterious Moon Men of Canada</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_the_Last_Good_Man" title="In Search of the Last Good Man">In Search of the Last Good Man</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge_(1991_film)" title="Battle of the Bulge (1991 film)">Battle of the Bulge</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fairy_Who_Didn%27t_Want_to_Be_a_Fairy_Anymore" title="The Fairy Who Didn't Want to Be a Fairy Anymore">The Fairy Who Didn't Want to Be a Fairy Anymore</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hangman%27s_Bride" title="The Hangman's Bride">The Hangman's Bride</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/When_Ponds_Freeze_Over" title="When Ponds Freeze Over">When Ponds Freeze Over</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moving_Day_(1998_film)" title="Moving Day (1998 film)">Moving Day</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Varius" title="The Little Varius">Le P'tit Varius</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_the_World" title="The Heart of the World">The Heart of the World</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Shout_Love" title="I Shout Love">I Shout Love</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Blank" title="Noël Blank">Noël Blank</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capacit%C3%A9_11_personnes" title="Capacité 11 personnes">Capacité 11 personnes</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milo_55160" title="Milo 55160">Milo 55160</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_(2005_film)" title="Red (2005 film)">Le rouge au sol</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/After_All_(film)" title="After All (film)">Après tout</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Next_Floor" title="Next Floor">Next Floor</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danse_Macabre_(2009_film)" title="Danse Macabre (2009 film)">Danse Macabre</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Savage_(2009_film)" title="Savage (2009 film)">Savage</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doubles_with_Slight_Pepper" title="Doubles with Slight Pepper">Doubles with Slight Pepper</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Throat_Song" title="Throat Song">Throat Song</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Noah_(2013_film)" title="Noah (2013 film)">Noah</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hole_(film)" title="Hole (film)">Hole</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/She_Stoops_to_Conquer_(2015_film)" title="She Stoops to Conquer (2015 film)">She Stoops to Conquer</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mutants_(2016_film)" title="Mutants (2016 film)">Mutants</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fluffy_(2016_film)" title="Fluffy (2016 film)">Fluffy</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fauve_(film)" title="Fauve (film)">Fauve</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pick_(film)" title="Pick (film)">Pick</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Bodies_(film)" title="Black Bodies (film)">Black Bodies</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girls_Shouldn%27t_Walk_Alone_at_Night" title="Girls Shouldn't Walk Alone at Night">Girls Shouldn't Walk Alone at Night</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simo_(film)" title="Simo (film)">Simo</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motherland_(2023_Canadian_film)" title="Motherland (2023 Canadian film)">Motherland</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:silver;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short" title="Canadian Screen Award for Best Animated Short">Animated Short</a><br />(1968–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Child_in_His_Country" title="A Child in His Country">Un enfant...un pays</a></i><sup>1</sup> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walking_(1968_film)" title="Walking (1968 film)">Walking</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_See_or_Not_to_See" title="To See or Not to See">To See or Not to See</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evolution_(1971_film)" title="Evolution (1971 film)">Evolution</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dans_la_vie..." title="Dans la vie...">Dans la vie...</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Family_That_Dwelt_Apart" title="The Family That Dwelt Apart">The Family That Dwelt Apart</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Owl_Who_Married_a_Goose:_An_Eskimo_Legend" title="The Owl Who Married a Goose: An Eskimo Legend">The Owl Who Married a Goose</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Street_(1976_film)" title="The Street (1976 film)">The Street</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spinnolio" title="Spinnolio">Spinnolio</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Afterlife_(1978_film)" title="Afterlife (1978 film)">Afterlife</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Every_Child_(film)" title="Every Child (film)">Every Child</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Snit" title="The Big Snit">The Big Snit</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Get_a_Job_(1985_film)" title="Get a Job (1985 film)">Get a Job</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cat_Came_Back_(1988_film)" title="The Cat Came Back (1988 film)">The Cat Came Back</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juke-Bar" title="Juke-Bar">Juke-Bar</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strings_(1991_film)" title="Strings (1991 film)">Strings</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pearl%27s_Diner" title="Pearl's Diner">Pearl's Diner</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Lady_and_the_Pigeons" title="The Old Lady and the Pigeons">La vieille dame et les pigeons</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bingo_(1998_film)" title="Bingo (1998 film)">Bingo</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/When_the_Day_Breaks" title="When the Day Breaks">When the Day Breaks</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Village_of_Idiots" title="Village of Idiots">Village of Idiots</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boy_Who_Saw_the_Iceberg" title="The Boy Who Saw the Iceberg">The Boy Who Saw the Iceberg</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hungry_Squid" title="The Hungry Squid">The Hungry Squid</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falling_in_Love_Again_(2003_film)" title="Falling in Love Again (2003 film)">Falling in Love Again</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ryan_(film)" title="Ryan (film)">Ryan</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CNote_(film)" title="CNote (film)">cNote</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Danish_Poet" title="The Danish Poet">The Danish Poet</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madame_Tutli-Putli" title="Madame Tutli-Putli">Madame Tutli-Putli</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Betty" title="Sleeping Betty">Isabelle au bois dormant</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Runaway_(2009_film)" title="Runaway (2009 film)">Runaway</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lipsett_Diaries" title="Lipsett Diaries">Lipsett Diaries</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romance_(2011_film)" title="Romance (2011 film)">Romance</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paula_(2011_film)" title="Paula (2011 film)">Paula</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subconscious_Password" title="Subconscious Password">Subconscious Password</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Me_and_My_Moulton" title="Me and My Moulton">Me and My Moulton</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Immortal_Joe" title="The Ballad of Immortal Joe">The Ballad of Immortal Joe</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blind_Vaysha" title="Blind Vaysha">Blind Vaysha</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tesla_World_Light" title="The Tesla World Light">The Tesla World Light</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Behaviour_(film)" title="Animal Behaviour (film)">Animal Behaviour</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giant_Bear" title="Giant Bear">Giant Bear</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Flash_(film)" title="Hot Flash (film)">Hot Flash</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angakusajaujuq:_The_Shaman%27s_Apprentice" title="Angakusajaujuq: The Shaman's Apprentice">Angakusajaujuq: The Shaman's Apprentice</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Sailor" title="The Flying Sailor">The Flying Sailor</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Where_Rabbits_Come_From" title="Where Rabbits Come From">Where Rabbits Come From</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:silver"><div><sup>1</sup> These two films were given honorable mentions rather than officially winning the award, but are included here as no other winner was named above them.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7fc47fc68d‐t7nwj Cached time: 20241128153156 Cache expiry: 3600 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.554 seconds Real time usage: 0.765 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2928/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 48240/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5695/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 24/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 25627/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.358/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17212880/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 701.792 1 -total 40.99% 287.682 1 Template:Infobox_film 36.96% 259.381 2 Template:Infobox 21.62% 151.710 12 Template:Main_other 18.89% 132.586 1 Template:Infobox_film/short_description 16.32% 114.509 1 Template:Short_description 16.12% 113.128 1 Template:Infobox_name_module 15.74% 110.452 1 Template:Reflist 12.89% 90.433 1 Template:ACCT_Short_Films 12.37% 86.825 1 Template:Navbox --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:61309445:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128153156 and revision id 1257677109. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Bronswik_Affair&oldid=1257677109">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Bronswik_Affair&oldid=1257677109</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1978_films" title="Category:1978 films">1978 films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1978_animated_short_films" title="Category:1978 animated short films">1978 animated short films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_animated_short_films" title="Category:Canadian animated short films">Canadian animated short films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_mockumentary_films" title="Category:Canadian mockumentary films">Canadian mockumentary films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Best_Theatrical_Short_Film_Genie_Award_winners" title="Category:Best Theatrical Short Film Genie Award winners">Best Theatrical Short Film Genie Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Film_Board_of_Canada_animated_short_films" title="Category:National Film Board of Canada animated short films">National Film Board of Canada animated short films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_political_satire_films" title="Category:Canadian political satire films">Canadian political satire films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_advertising" title="Category:Films about advertising">Films about advertising</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_consumerism" title="Category:Films about consumerism">Films about consumerism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_television" title="Category:Films about television">Films about television</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_English-language_films" title="Category:1970s English-language films">1970s English-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_Canadian_animated_films" title="Category:1970s Canadian animated films">1970s Canadian animated films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_animated_comedy_films" title="Category:Canadian animated comedy films">Canadian animated comedy films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_short_films" title="Category:English-language short films">English-language short films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_Canadian_films" title="Category:English-language Canadian films">English-language Canadian films</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Template_film_date_with_1_release_date" title="Category:Template film date with 1 release date">Template film date with 1 release date</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Film_Board_of_Canada_film_ID_same_as_Wikidata" title="Category:National Film Board of Canada film ID same as Wikidata">National Film Board of Canada film ID same as Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 03:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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