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class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Eusi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eusi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sumputkeun</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mimiti</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Produksi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Produksi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Produksi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Produksi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Produksi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gula_tiwu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gula_tiwu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Gula tiwu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gula_tiwu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gula_kawung_&_kalapa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gula_kawung_&_kalapa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Gula kawung & kalapa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gula_kawung_&_kalapa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gula_bit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gula_bit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Gula bit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gula_bit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kimia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sajarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sajarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sajarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sajarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaséhatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaséhatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kaséhatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaséhatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baca_ogé" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baca_ogé"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Baca ogé</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baca_ogé-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tumbu_kaluar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tumbu_kaluar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tumbu kaluar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tumbu_kaluar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Tumbu kaluar</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tumbu_kaluar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sajarah_&_budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sajarah_&_budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Sajarah & budaya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sajarah_&_budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Pangan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaséhatan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaséhatan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Kaséhatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaséhatan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dagang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dagang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Dagang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dagang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gula_jeung_hiperaktivitas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gula_jeung_hiperaktivitas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Gula jeung hiperaktivitas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gula_jeung_hiperaktivitas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Eusi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gula</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 175 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-175" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">175 basa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suikers" title="Suikers – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suikers" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucker" title="Zucker – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zucker" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%B3%E1%88%AD" title="ስኳር – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስኳር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucre" title="Zucre – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Zucre" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swe%C4%A1e" title="Sweġe – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sweġe" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1" title="سكر – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سكر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AB%DC%9F%DC%AA" title="ܫܟܪ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܫܟܪ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1" title="سكر – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سكر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="চেনি – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চেনি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azucre" title="Azucre – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Azucre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99k%C9%99r" title="Şəkər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şəkər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="شکر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شکر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80" title="Шәкәр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шәкәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zugga" title="Zugga – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Zugga" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokros" title="Sokros – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sokros" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukar" title="Asukar – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Asukar" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цукар – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цукар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Цукар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цукар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Захар – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Захар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="चीनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चीनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="চিনি – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukr" title="Sukr – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sukr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0e%C4%87er" title="Šećer – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Šećer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sucre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B2ng" title="Tòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шекар – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шекар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukal" title="Asukal – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Asukal" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9%27keemahpe" title="Vé'keemahpe – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vé'keemahpe" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="شەکر – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەکر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukr" title="Cukr – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cukr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%C4%83%D1%80" title="Сахăр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сахăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siwgr" title="Siwgr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Siwgr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukker" title="Sukker – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sukker" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucker" title="Zucker – Jérman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zucker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jérman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Ζάχαρη – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζάχαρη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sugar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukero" title="Sukero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sukero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%BAcar" title="Azúcar – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Azúcar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhkrud" title="Suhkrud – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suhkrud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azukre" title="Azukre – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azukre" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7uca" title="Açuca – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Açuca" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="شکر – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شکر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokerit" title="Sokerit – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sokerit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suka" title="Suka – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Suka" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukur" title="Sukur – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sukur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukl%C3%A8" title="Suklè – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Suklè" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sucre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BBker" title="Sûker – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sûker" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%BAcra" title="Siúcra – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Siúcra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souk" title="Souk – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Souk" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%B9car" title="Siùcar – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Siùcar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azucre" title="Azucre – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Azucre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirat%C3%A3" title="Eiratã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Eiratã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suukala" title="Suukala – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Suukala" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukari" title="Sukari – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sukari" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B2ng" title="Thòng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A8" title="סוכר – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוכר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="शर्करा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शर्करा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chini" title="Chini – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chini" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0e%C4%87eri" title="Šećeri – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šećeri" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sik_(materyo)" title="Sik (materyo) – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sik (materyo)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukor" title="Cukor – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cukor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Շաքար – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շաքար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Շաքար – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Շաքար" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucro" title="Sucro – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sucro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%83n%C3%BA_od%E1%BA%B9ne" title="Ńnú odẹne – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ńnú odẹne" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avu" title="Avu – Inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Avu" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukar" title="Asukar – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Asukar" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шекар – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Шекар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukro" title="Sukro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sukro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykur" title="Sykur – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sykur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%B1%E1%91%B2%E1%92%83" title="ᓱᑲᒃ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓱᑲᒃ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E7%B3%96" title="砂糖 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="砂糖" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sakta" title="sakta – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sakta" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="შაქარი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შაქარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Қант – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қант" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ಸಕ್ಕರೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಕ್ಕರೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A4%ED%83%95" title="설탕 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="설탕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%88" title="کھنٛڈ – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کھنٛڈ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eekir" title="Şekir – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şekir" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugra" title="Sugra – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Sugra" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharum_(alimentum)" title="Saccharum (alimentum) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saccharum (alimentum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukar" title="Asukar – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Asukar" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucar" title="Zucar – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Zucar" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3kker" title="Sókker – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sókker" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuqer" title="Zuqer – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Zuqer" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suk%C3%A1li" title="Sukáli – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Sukáli" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukrus" title="Cukrus – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cukrus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukurs" title="Cukurs – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cukurs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="चिनी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="चिनी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Захар – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Захар" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siramamy" title="Siramamy – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Siramamy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulo" title="Gulo – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gulo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шеќер – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шеќер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0" title="പഞ്ചസാര – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പഞ്ചസാര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Чихэр – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чихэр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B0" title="साखर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="साखर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gula" title="Gula – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gula" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="သကြား – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သကြား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Ламбо – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ламбо" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caxtillan_chiyancaca" title="Caxtillan chiyancaca – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Caxtillan chiyancaca" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucker" title="Zucker – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Zucker" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="चिनी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="चिनी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चिनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafelsuiker" title="Tafelsuiker – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tafelsuiker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukker" title="Sukker – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sukker" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukker" title="Sukker – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sukker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chucre" title="Chucre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chucre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81sh%C4%AF%C4%AFh_%C5%82ikan" title="Áshįįh łikan – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Áshįįh łikan" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sucre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF" title="ଚିନି – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚିନି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C3%A6%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%80" title="Сæкæр – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сæкæр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1" title="ਖੰਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੰਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukier_spo%C5%BCywczy" title="Cukier spożywczy – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cukier spożywczy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="شکر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شکر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87" title="بوره – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بوره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar" title="Açúcar – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Açúcar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukar" title="Asukar – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Asukar" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isukari" title="Isukari – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Isukari" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zah%C4%83r" title="Zahăr – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zahăr" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahari" title="Zahari – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Zahari" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Сахар – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сахар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isukari" title="Isukari – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Isukari" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="शर्करा – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शर्करा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Саахар – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саахар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱪᱤᱱᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱤᱱᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%B9ccaru" title="Zùccaru – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Zùccaru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succar" title="Succar – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Succar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%8A" title="کنڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="کنڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0e%C4%87er" title="Šećer – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šećer" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92" title="සීනි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සීනි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sugar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukor_(sladidlo)" title="Cukor (sladidlo) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cukor (sladidlo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sladkor" title="Sladkor – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sladkor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuga" title="Shuga – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Shuga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonkor" title="Sonkor – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sonkor" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheqeri" title="Sheqeri – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sheqeri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Шећер – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шећер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socker" title="Socker – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Socker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukari" title="Sukari – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sukari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="சீனி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீனி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0" title="పంచదార – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పంచదార" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Қанд – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қанд" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" title="น้ำตาล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำตาล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukal" title="Asukal – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Asukal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99nd" title="Qənd – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Qənd" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eeker" title="Şeker – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şeker" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80" title="Шикәр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шикәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%90%D9%83%DB%95%D8%B1" title="شېكەر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شېكەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Цукор – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цукор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%91%D8%B1" title="شکّر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شکّر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qand" title="Qand – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qand" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B9caro" title="Sùcaro – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sùcaro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahar_(produkt)" title="Sahar (produkt) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sahar (produkt)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_(th%E1%BB%B1c_ph%E1%BA%A9m)" title="Đường (thực phẩm) – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đường (thực phẩm)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyker" title="Suyker – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Suyker" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souke" title="Souke – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Souke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asukar" title="Asukar – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Asukar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukar" title="Sukar – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sukar" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%B3%96" title="食糖 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="食糖" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჭაფურია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჭაფურია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="צוקער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צוקער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%A2%C3%BAg%C3%A0" title="Ṣúgà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ṣúgà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangz" title="Dangz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dangz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96" title="糖 – Tiongkok" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="糖" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiongkok" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thn%CC%82g" title="Thn̂g – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thn̂g" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B3%96" title="糖 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="糖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushukela" title="Ushukela – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ushukela" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11002#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Édit tutumbu antarbasa" class="wbc-editpage">Édit tutumbu</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ngaranspasi"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gula" title="Témbongkeun eusi kaca [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Kaca</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obrolan:Gula&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sawala ngeunaan eusi kaca (kaca can aya) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Sawala</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Sunda</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Témbongan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gula"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit" title="Édit ieu kaca [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Édit</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Édit sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=history" title="Vérsi heubeul ieu kaca [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Témbongkeun jujutan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Parabot" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Parabot</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Parabot</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sumputkeun</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gula"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit" title="Édit ieu kaca [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Édit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Édit sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=history"><span>Témbongkeun jujutan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Husus:NumbuKaDieu/Gula" title="Béréndélan sakabéh kaca wiki anu nutumbu ka dieu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Anu nutumbu ka dieu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Husus:ParobahanPatali/Gula" rel="nofollow" title="Anu anyar robah dina kaca-kaca anu nutumbu ti dieu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Parobahan nu patali</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=su" title="Unjal berkas [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Unjal berkas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&oldid=659167" title="Tutumbu permanén ka ieu ieu vérsi"><span>Tutumbu permanén</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=info" title="Informasi leuwih jero ngeunaan ieu kaca"><span>Émbaran kaca</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:Kutip&page=Gula&id=659167&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Émbaran ngeunaan cara ngarujuk kaca ieu"><span>Cutat ieu artikel</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGula"><span>URL pondok</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGula"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Citak/ékspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Gula"><span>Jieun hiji pustaka</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gula&action=show-download-screen"><span>Undeur minangka PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&printable=yes" title="Vérsi citakeun ieu kaca [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Vérsi citakeun</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Di proyék lianna </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sugar" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11002" title="Tutumbu ka item gudang data anu nyambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Pidangan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pidangan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sumputkeun</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ti Wikipédia Sunda, énsiklopédi bébas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="su" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Zucker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Zucker.jpg" decoding="async" width="207" height="217" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="217" /></a><figcaption>Kristal gula réfinasi</figcaption></figure> <p>Dina pamakéan sacara umum, <b>gula</b> nujul ka <a href="/wiki/Sukrosa" title="Sukrosa">sukrosa</a>, atawa "gula bodas", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disakarida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disakarida (kaca can aya)">disakarida</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristal (kaca can aya)">kristalin</a> warna bodas. Gula bodas ieu mangrupa nu pangmindengna dipaké pikeun ngarobah rasa jeung sipat katuangan. Gula bodas ieu sacara komersil dijieun tina <a href="/wiki/Tiwu" title="Tiwu">tiwu</a> atawa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bit (kaca can aya)">bit</a>. Aya ogé gula tradisional nu dijieun tina cai kawung. </p><p>Gula "basajan", atawa monosakarida, kayaning <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a>, mangrupa gudang <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89n%C3%A9rgi_pot%C3%A9nsial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Énérgi poténsial (kaca can aya)">énérgi</a> anu dipaké ku <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9l_(biologi)" title="Sél (biologi)">sél</a>. </p><p>Pikeun iber lianna ngeunaan gula, baca <a href="/wiki/Monosakarida" title="Monosakarida">monosakarida</a> jeung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disakarida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disakarida (kaca can aya)">disakarida</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produksi">Produksi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Édit bab: Produksi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Produksi"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gula téh munggaran diproduksi di <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Nu marengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iskandar_Agung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iskandar Agung (kaca can aya)">Iskandar Agung</a> nyebutkeun ayana "madu nu dihasilkeun tanpa bantuan <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ngang" title="Éngang">éngang</a>"; salajengna mah gula téh dipopulérkeun ku urang Arab nu ngabudidayakeun tutuwuhan gula di Sisilia jeung Spanyol. Najan kitu, gula kakara nyaingan madu di Éropa sanggeusna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Salib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Salib (kaca can aya)">Perang Salib</a>. Bangsa Spanyol mimiti melak tiwu di Hindia Kulon taun 1506 jeung di Kuba taun 1523. Di <a href="/wiki/Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> mah tiwu téh mimiti dipelak ku bangsa Portugis taun 1532. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Gula_kalapa_%26_kawung.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/su/thumb/3/38/Gula_kalapa_%26_kawung.JPG/250px-Gula_kalapa_%26_kawung.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/su/thumb/3/38/Gula_kalapa_%26_kawung.JPG/375px-Gula_kalapa_%26_kawung.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/su/3/38/Gula_kalapa_%26_kawung.JPG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="176" /></a><figcaption>Gula beureum tina kalapa (kénca) jeung kawung (katuhu)</figcaption></figure> <p>Gula bodas atawa sukrosa téh diékstraksi tina sumber tutuwuhan, nu utama mah nyaéta <a href="/wiki/Tiwu" title="Tiwu">tiwu</a> (<i>Saccharum spp.</i>) jeung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bit (kaca can aya)">bit</a> (<i>Beta vulgaris</i>), nu ngandung gula 12%–20% tina beurat garingna. Sababaraha sumber lianna, di antarana <a href="/wiki/Korma" title="Korma">korma</a> (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorgum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorgum (kaca can aya)">sorgum</a> (<i>Sorghum vulgare</i>), jeung <a href="/wiki/Kawung" title="Kawung">kawung</a> (<i>Arengga pinnata</i>). Dina taun finansial <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>/<a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>, produksi gula di sakuliah dunya téh nepi ka 134,1 juta ton. </p><p>Produsén utama gula tiwu nyaéta nu boga iklim haneut, kayaning <a href="/wiki/Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cina" class="mw-redirect" title="Cina">Cina</a>, jeung <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. daérah nu panglobana ngahasilkeun gula nyaéta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Am%C3%A9rika_Latin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amérika Latin (kaca can aya)">Amérika Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rika_Serikat" class="mw-redirect" title="Amérika Serikat">AS</a>, jeung bangsa-bangsa <a href="/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia">Karibia</a>. Ieu béda jeung produksi gula bit, nu lolobana dihasilkeun di wewengkon nu iklimna leuwih tiis: Éropa kalér-ngulon jeung wétan, Jepang kalér, sarta sababaraha daérah di AS, misalna Kalifornia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gula_tiwu">Gula tiwu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Édit bab: Gula tiwu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gula tiwu"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sanggeus dikumpulkeun, batang tiwu diancurkeun pikeun diala cairanana bari disaring. Cairan ieu lajeng diolah pikeun miceun kokotor (biasana maké kapur (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalsium oksida (kaca can aya)">kalsium oksida</a>), lajeng dinétralkeun maké <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfur_dioksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfur dioksida (kaca can aya)">sulfur dioksida</a>. Cairan ieu lajeng digolakkeun, antukna kokotorna (nu ngendap jeung busana) bisa dipiceun. Salajengna, cairan ieu ditiiskeun (biasana bari dikocék) sangkan gulana ngakristal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gula_kawung_&_kalapa"><span id="Gula_kawung_.26_kalapa"></span>Gula kawung & kalapa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Édit bab: Gula kawung & kalapa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gula kawung & kalapa"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sacara tradisional, masarakat Nusantara geus mikawanoh gula, nyaéta anu dijieun tina lahang <a href="/wiki/Kawung" title="Kawung">kawung</a> atawa <a href="/wiki/Kalapa" title="Kalapa">kalapa</a>. <b>Gula beureum</b> ieu dijieun ku cara nu méh sarua, nyaéta ku cara manaskeun éta lahang nepi ka kuled pisan, anu salajengna dicitak jadi bentuk ganduan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gula_bit">Gula bit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Édit bab: Gula bit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gula bit"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bit nu geus dikumbah disiksik, lajeng gulana diékstraksi ku cai panas. Kokotorna diendapkeun maké alkali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalsium oksida (kaca can aya)">kapur</a> jeung <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a>. Sanggeus disaring, jusna dipekatkeun ku jalan dipanaskeun nepi ka padetanana 70%-an. Gulana diékstrak maké cara kristalisasi nu dikontrol, ngahasilkeun kristal gula anu dipisahkeun maké <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A9ntrifusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Séntrifusa (kaca can aya)">séntrifusa</a>. Cairan anu geus teu bisa diala gulana, disebut molaseu, ilaharna dipaké pikeun maraban <a href="/wiki/Sapi" title="Sapi">sapi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kimia">Kimia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Édit bab: Kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kimia"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Saccharose.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Saccharose.png" decoding="async" width="307" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="134" /></a><figcaption>Sukrosa téh disakarida <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a> (kénca) jeung <a href="/wiki/Fruktosa" title="Fruktosa">fruktosa</a>, molekul penting dina awak urang.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dina <a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">biokimia</a>, <b>gula</b> mangrupa <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a> pang basajanna nu bisa diidéntifikasi salaku <a href="/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat">karbohidrat</a>, nu ngawengku <a href="/wiki/Monosakarida" title="Monosakarida">monosakarida</a> jeung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disakarida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disakarida (kaca can aya)">disakarida</a>, trisakarida jeung oligosakarida, nyaéta gula nu diwangun ku hiji, dua, tilu unit atawa leuwih. Gula ngandung gugus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldehid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldehid (kaca can aya)">aldehid</a> (-CHO) atawa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keton (kaca can aya)">keton</a> (C=O), nu duanana ngandung beungkeut ganda karbon-oksigén, antukna gula téh réaktif. Gula lolobana nedunan rumus (CH<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>n</sub> , nu n-na antara 3 jeung 7. Nu teu cocog, di antarana <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9oksiribosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Déoksiribosa (kaca can aya)">déoksiribosa</a>, nu ngaranna nunjukkeun "leungit"na hiji oksigén. Lian ti dikelompokkeun dumasar gugus réaktifna, gula ogé dikelompokkeun dumasar jumlah karbon nu dikandungna. Turunan triosa (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) mangrupa antara dina <a href="/wiki/Glikolisis" title="Glikolisis">glikolisis</a>. Pentosa (gula 5 karbon) nu ngawengku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ribosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ribosa (kaca can aya)">ribosa</a> jeung <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9oksiribosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Déoksiribosa (kaca can aya)">déoksiribosa</a>, aya dina <a href="/wiki/Asam_nukl%C3%A9at" title="Asam nukléat">asam nukléat</a>. Ribosa ogé mangrupa komponén sababaraha bahan kimia nu penting dina prosés <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tabolisme" title="Métabolisme">métabolisme</a>, kayaning <a href="/w/index.php?title=NADH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NADH (kaca can aya)">NADH</a> jeung <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9nosin_tripospat" class="mw-redirect" title="Adénosin tripospat">ATP</a>. Héksosa (gula 6 karbon), di antarana <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a> nu mangrupa substrat universal pikeun ngahasilkeun énérgi dina bentuk ATP. Dina <a href="/wiki/Potosint%C3%A9sis" title="Potosintésis">potosintésis</a>, tutuwuhan ngahaslikeun glukosa nu lajeng dirobah pikeun simpenan salaku cadangan énérgi dina bentuk karbohidrat lianna kayaning <a href="/wiki/Aci" title="Aci">aci</a>, atawa salaku sukrosa dina tiwu jeung bit. </p><p>Pentosa jeung héksosa loba nu bisa ngabentuk struktur cingcin. Dina bentuk nutup modél kieu, gugus aldehida atawa ketonna jadi teu bébas, sahingga loba réaksi nu jadi ciri gugus-gugus ieu teu bisa metu. Glukosa dina leyuran lolobana aya dina bentuk cingcin dina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasatimbangan_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasatimbangan kimia (kaca can aya)">kasatimbangan</a>, nu ngandung molekul ranté-muka kurang ti 0,1%. </p><p>Monosakarida dina bentuk ranté-nutup bisa ngabentuk beungkeut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glikosida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glikosida (kaca can aya)">glikosida</a> jeung monosakarida lianna, ngabentuk disakarida, samisal sukrosa, jeung polisakarida, samisal aci. Saméméh dipaké dina métabolisme, beungkeut glikosida ieu kudu <a href="/wiki/Hidrolisis" title="Hidrolisis">dihidrolisis</a> atawa dipegatkeun ku <a href="/wiki/%C3%89nzim" title="Énzim">énzim</a> nu tangtu. Sanggeus dicerna sarta diserep, monosakarida utama nu aya dina getih jeung jaringan jero, nyaéta glukosa, fruktosa, jeung galaktosa. </p><p>Istilah "gliko-" nunjukkeun ayana gula dina zat non-karbohidrat, contona <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glikoprot%C3%A9in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glikoprotéin (kaca can aya)">glikoprotéin</a>: protéin ngabeungkeut gula. </p><p>Nu kaasup gula basajan, di antarana sukrosa, <a href="/wiki/Fruktosa" title="Fruktosa">fruktosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaktosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaktosa (kaca can aya)">galaktosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maltosa" title="Maltosa">maltosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laktosa" title="Laktosa">laktosa</a>, jeung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mannosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mannosa (kaca can aya)">mannosa</a>. Golongan disakarida nu paling ilahar téh sukrosa (gula tiwu atawa bit - diwangun ku hiji glukosa jeung hiji fruktosa), laktosa (gula susu - diwangun ku hiji glukosa jeung hiji galaktosa), jeung maltosa (diwangun ku dua glukosa). Rumus disakarida ieu nyaéta C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>22</sub>O<sub>11</sub>. </p><p>Sukrosa bisa dirobah ku dihidrolisis jadi sirop fruktosa jeung glukosa, ngahasilkeun naon nu disebut <i>invert sugar</i>. Sirop ieu leuwih amis batan sukrosa aslina, sarta leuwih kapaké di industri pangan, sabab teu gampang ngalaman kristalisasi antukna produk ahirna leuwih lemes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sajarah">Sajarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Édit bab: Sajarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sajarah"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nyieun gula ku cara nguapkeun jus tiwu dikembangkeun di India, kira 500 MM. Tiwu téh jukut tropis, nu sigana mah pituin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guin%C3%A9a_Anyar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guinéa Anyar (kaca can aya)">Guinéa Anyar</a>. Dina mangsa prasajarah, budayana sumebar ka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapuloan_Pasipik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapuloan Pasipik (kaca can aya)">Kapuloan Pasipik</a> jeung <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Kira taun <a href="/w/index.php?title=200-an_MM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="200-an MM (kaca can aya)">200 MM</a>, tiwu geus dipelak di <a href="/wiki/Cina" class="mw-redirect" title="Cina">Cina</a>. Urang Kulon kakara wanoh jeung tiwu dina mangsa ékspédisi militér ka India. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nearchos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nearchos (kaca can aya)">Nearchos</a>, salah saurang komandan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iskandar_Agung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iskandar Agung (kaca can aya)">Iskandar Agung</a>, ngagambarkeun tiwu salaku "jukut nu ngahasilkeun madu tanpa nyiruan." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaséhatan"><span id="Kas.C3.A9hatan"></span>Kaséhatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Édit bab: Kaséhatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kaséhatan"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taun <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>, aya laporan ti opat agén <a href="/w/index.php?title=UN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UN (kaca can aya)">UN</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Health Organization (kaca can aya)">WHO</a> jeung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Food_and_Agriculture_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Food and Agriculture Organization (kaca can aya)">FAO</a>, nu dirumuskeun ku 30 urang ahli internasional. Laporan ieu nyebutkeun yén konsumsi gula ulah leuwih ti 10%. Tapi, Asosiasi Gula <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.sugar.org/">[1]</a> di AS keukeuh yén saparapat ti dahareun jeung inuman urang téh ngandung gula, sarta teu ngabalukarkeun naon-naon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baca_ogé"><span id="Baca_og.C3.A9"></span>Baca ogé</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Édit bab: Baca ogé" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Baca ogé"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gula_beureum" title="Gula beureum">Gula beureum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirop_jagong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirop jagong (kaca can aya)">Sirop jagong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula_beureum_alami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gula beureum alami (kaca can aya)">Gula beureum alami</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Édit bab: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rujukan"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar" class="extiw" title="en:Sugar">Sugar</a></i>, Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris (17 April 2006)</li> <li>A C Hannah, <i>The International Sugar Trade</i>, <a href="/wiki/Husus:SumberPustaka/1855730693" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-85573-069-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tumbu_kaluar">Tumbu kaluar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Édit bab: Tumbu kaluar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tumbu kaluar"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sajarah_&_budaya"><span id="Sajarah_.26_budaya"></span>Sajarah & budaya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Édit bab: Sajarah & budaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sajarah & budaya"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plantcultures.org.uk/plants/sugar_cane_landing.html">Plant Cultures: botany, history and uses of sugar cane</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060504015738/http://www.plantcultures.org.uk/plants/sugar_cane_landing.html">Archived</a> 2006-05-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zucker.prv.pl/">The word "sugar" in more than 250 languages.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pangan">Pangan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Édit bab: Pangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pangan"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodsubs.com/Sweeten.html">Cook's Thesaurus: Sugar (www.foodsubs.com)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaséhatan_2"><span id="Kas.C3.A9hatan_2"></span>Kaséhatan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Édit bab: Kaséhatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kaséhatan"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/releases/2003/pr20/en/">Expert Report on diet and chronic disease (WHO/FAO)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joyfulaging.com/Sugar.htm">Sugar Accelerates Aging</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051219060112/http://www.joyfulaging.com/Sugar.htm">Archived</a> 2005-12-19 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dagang">Dagang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Édit bab: Dagang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dagang"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sugar.ca/index.htm">Wide range of information about sugars, from the Canadian Sugar Institute, a non-profit trade association of Canada's refined sugar manufacturers.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ldcsugar.org/">Least Developed Countries sugar site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060102234434/http://www.ldcsugar.org/">Archived</a> 2006-01-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acpsugar.org/">African, Caribbean and Pacific sugar exporters</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sugartraders.co.uk/">Sugar Traders Association of the UK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/markets/sugar/index_en.htm">European Union sugar regime proposals</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_status_e.htm#265">WTO ruling on EU sugar regime</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fas.usda.gov/itp/imports/ussugar.asp">US Sugar Import Program</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.illovo.co.za/worldofsugar/internationalSugarStats.htm">Sugar statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427103348/http://www.illovo.co.za/worldofsugar/internationalSugarStats.htm">Archived</a> 2006-04-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gula_jeung_hiperaktivitas">Gula jeung hiperaktivitas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Édit bab: Gula jeung hiperaktivitas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gula&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gula jeung hiperaktivitas"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/content/pages/13/67341.htm">"Sugar Buzz, Fiber Know-How" article from WebMD</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepticism.net/articles/2002/000005.html">"The Myth of the Sugar Buzz" article from Skepticism.Net</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060209023127/http://www.skepticism.net/articles/2002/000005.html">Archived</a> 2006-02-09 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" style="padding: 0px; border: 1px dotted steelblue; clear: 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