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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Q%C4%81d%C4%AB_an-Nu%CA%BFm%C4%81n" title="Al-Qādī an-Nuʿmān – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Al-Qādī an-Nuʿmān" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قاضی نعمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قاضی نعمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man" title="Al-Qadi al-Nu'man – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Al-Qadi al-Nu'man" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अल-कदी अल-नुमान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल-कदी अल-नुमान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadi_al-Nu%27man" title="Qadi al-Nu'man – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Qadi al-Nu'man" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن حيون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابن حيون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن حیون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابن حیون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Аль-Кади ан-Нуман – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аль-Кади ан-Нуман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kad%C4%B1_Nu%E2%80%98m%C3%A2n" title="Kadı Nu‘mân – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kadı Nu‘mân" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن حیون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابن حیون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q482353#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 8th-century Sunni jurist, see <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man ibn Muhammad ibn Mansur ibn Ahmad ibn Hayyun al-Tamimi</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">896/897<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kairouan" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">974<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Historian, Jurist, Islamic scholar</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interests</th><td class="infobox-data">Islamic jurisprudence, History, Esoteric interpretation of the Quran</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Kitab Da'a'im al-Islam</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pillars of Islam">Pillars of Islam</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable ideas</th><td class="infobox-data">Founder of Fatimid Ismaili jurisprudence</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:188%;"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ismailism" title="Category:Ismailism">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:188%;"><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ismail lion calligram"><img alt="Ismail lion calligram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg/200px-Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg/300px-Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg/400px-Shiite_Calligraphy_symbolising_Ali_as_Tiger_of_God.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="409" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiniyya" title="Batiniyya">Batiniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_interpretation_of_the_Quran" title="Esoteric interpretation of the Quran">Ta'wil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine" title="Imamate in Ismaili doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahir_(Islam)" title="Zahir (Islam)">Ẓāhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batin_(Islam)" title="Batin (Islam)">Bātin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">Nūr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Aql" title="'Aql">'Aql</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm_(Arabic)" title="Ilm (Arabic)">ʿIlm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawah" title="Dawah">Daʿwa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Da%27i" title="Da'i">Dāʿī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_(Shia_Islam)" title="Bab (Shia Islam)">Bāb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujja" title="Hujja">Hujja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satr_(Isma%27ilism)" title="Satr (Isma'ilism)">Satr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Taqiya">Taqiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)" title="Pir (Sufism)">Pīr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology_(Ismailism)" title="Numerology (Ismailism)">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_Theology#Imami-Ismā'īlīs" class="mw-redirect" title="Schools of Islamic Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation#Islam" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ismaili_titles" title="List of Ismaili titles">Titles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Seven_pillars_of_Ismailism" title="Seven pillars of Ismailism">Seven Pillars</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walayah" title="Walayah">Walayah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'lism</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Nizari_Ismailism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Nizari Ismailism">Nizarism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Branches/sects</b> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li</a></b> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohra</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Progressive Dawoodi Bohra">Progressive</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebtiahs_Bohra" title="Hebtiahs Bohra">Hebtiahs Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atba-i-Malak" class="mw-redirect" title="Atba-i-Malak">Atba-i-Malak Bohra</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atba-e-Malak_Badar" title="Atba-e-Malak Badar">Badar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atba-i-Malak_Vakil" class="mw-redirect" title="Atba-i-Malak Vakil">Vakil</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaymani_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulaymani Bohra">Sulaymani Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavi Bohra">Alavi Bohra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutbi Bohra">Qutbi Bohra</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hafizi_Isma%27ilism" title="Hafizi Isma'ilism">Hafizi</a></b></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism" title="Nizari Isma'ilism">Nizari</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sevener" title="Sevener">Seveners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Assassins" title="Order of Assassins">Assassins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satpanth" title="Satpanth">Satpanth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p><b>States</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qarmatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarmatian">Qarmatian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Bahrayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahrayn">Bahrayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty_of_Multan" title="Lodi dynasty of Multan">Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulayhid_dynasty" title="Sulayhid dynasty">Sulayhid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurayids" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurayids">Zurayid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdanids_(Yemen)" title="Hamdanids (Yemen)">Hamdanid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizari_Ismaili_state" title="Nizari Ismaili state">Nizari Ismaili state</a></li></ul> <p><b>People</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_Qarmat" title="Hamdan Qarmat">Hamdan Qarmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hawshab" title="Ibn Hawshab">ibn Faraj ibn Ḥawshab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Fadl_al-Jayshani" title="Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani">ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_ibn_Mansur_al-Yaman" title="Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman">ibn Mansur al-Yaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_al-Jannabi" title="Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi">Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tahir_al-Jannabi" title="Abu Tahir al-Jannabi">Abu Tahir al-Jannabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Numan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Numan">Qadi Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ahmad_al-Nasafi" title="Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi">al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ya%27qub_al-Sijistani" title="Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani">al-Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani">al-Kirmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayyad_fi%27l-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi">al-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Naysaburi" title="Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi">al-Naysaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamiris#Religion" title="Pamiris">Pamiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arwa_al-Sulayhi" title="Arwa al-Sulayhi">Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu%27ayb_ibn_Musa" title="Dhu'ayb ibn Musa">Dhu'ayb ibn Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan-i_Sabbah" title="Hasan-i Sabbah">Hasan-i Sabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Ala_Zikrihi%27s_Salam" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam">Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_ad-Din_Sinan" title="Rashid ad-Din Sinan">Rashid ad-Din Sinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Sadardin" title="Pir Sadardin">Pir Sadardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan" title="Aga Khan">Aga Khans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoja" title="Khoja">Khojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dai_of_the_Dawoodi_Bohra" title="List of Dai of the Dawoodi Bohra">Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_Nasir_Hunzai" title="Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai">Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai</a></li></ul> <p><b>Centers</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjudan" title="Anjudan">Anjudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nizari_Ismaili_strongholds" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nizari Ismaili strongholds">Nizārī strongholds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamut_Castle" title="Alamut Castle">Alamut </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atashgah_Castle" title="Atashgah Castle">Atashgah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerdkuh" title="Gerdkuh">Gerdkuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambsar_Castle" title="Lambsar Castle">Lambsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masyaf_Castle" title="Masyaf Castle">Masyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maymun-Diz" title="Maymun-Diz">Maymun-Diz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudkhan_Castle" title="Rudkhan Castle">Rudkhan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalaat_al-Madiq" title="Qalaat al-Madiq">Qalaat al-Madiq</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Queen_Arwa" title="Palace of Queen Arwa">Palace of Queen Arwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Arwa_Mosque" title="Queen Arwa Mosque">Queen Arwa Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niz%C4%81r%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizārī">Nizārī</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ili_Constitution" title="Isma'ili Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delegation_of_the_Ismaili_Imamat,_Ottawa" title="Delegation of the Ismaili Imamat, Ottawa">Delegation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginans" title="Ginans">Ginans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Du%27a" title="Holy Du'a">Holy Du'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Khana" title="Jama'at Khana">Jama'at Khana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiyama_(Nizari_Isma%27ilism)" title="Qiyama (Nizari Isma'ilism)">Qiyama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a>-<a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Manifesto" title="Baghdad Manifesto">Baghdad Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Knowledge" title="House of Knowledge">House of Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ismailism" title="Women in Ismailism">Women</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ismaili_imams" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ismaili imams">leaders</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali">Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sajjad" title="Ali al-Sajjad">al-Sajjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">al-Baqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_ibn_Ja%27far" title="Isma'il ibn Ja'far">Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Isma%27il" title="Muhammad ibn Isma'il">Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl ash-Shākir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wafi_(Abadullah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Wafi (Abadullah)">ʿAbad Allāh <i>(al-Wāfī Ahmad)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_at-Taqi_(Ahmed_ibn_Abadullah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad at-Taqi (Ahmed ibn Abadullah)">Ahmad <i>(al-Taqī Muhammad)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabi_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabi Abdullah">Ḥusayn <i>(ar-Raḍī ʿAbd Allāh)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_al-Mahdi_Billah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah">ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī bi'l-Lāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Fatimid_caliph)" title="Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)">al-Qāʾim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_bi-Nasr_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah">al-Manṣūr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_li-Din_Allah" title="Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah">Maʿad al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aziz_Billah" title="Al-Aziz Billah">Nizār al-ʿAzīz biʾllāh,</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah">ʿAlī al-Ẓāhir li-iʿzāz Dīn Allāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah" title="Al-Mustansir Billah">Maʿad al-Mustanṣir bi'l-Lāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizar_ibn_al-Mustansir" title="Nizar ibn al-Mustansir">Nizār al-Muṣṭafā li-Dīn’il-Lāh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27li" title="Al-Musta'li">Aḥmad al-Mustāʿlī bi'l-Lāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amir_bi-Ahkami%27l-Lah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Amir bi-Ahkami'l-Lah">Manṣūr al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām’il-Lāh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hafiz" title="Al-Hafiz">ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Ḥāfiz li-Dīn Allāh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Qasim_al-Tayyib" title="Abu'l-Qasim al-Tayyib">Abu'l-Qāsim al-Tayyib</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Incumbent leaders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism" title="Nizari Isma'ilism">Nizārī Ismā'īlī</a> <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Imām</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_IV" title="Aga Khan IV">Aga Khan IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Ismaili" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Ismaili">Musta'li Ismaili</a>-<a href="/wiki/Taiyabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiyabi">Taiyabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Da%27i_al-Mutlaq" title="Da'i al-Mutlaq">Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alavi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavi Bohra">Alavi Bohra</a>: <a href="/wiki/Haatim_Zakiyuddin" title="Haatim Zakiyuddin">Haatim Zakiyuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra" title="Dawoodi Bohra">Dawoodi Bohra</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mufaddal_Saifuddin" title="Mufaddal Saifuddin">Mufaddal Saifuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbi_Bohra" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutbi Bohra">Qutbi Bohra</a>: <a href="/wiki/Taher_Fakhruddin" title="Taher Fakhruddin">Taher Fakhruddin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ismailism" title="Template:Ismailism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ismailism" title="Template talk:Ismailism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ismailism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ismailism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Manṣūr ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥayyūn al-Tamīmiyy</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">النعمان بن محمد بن منصور بن أحمد بن حيون التميمي</span>, generally known as <b>al-Qāḍī al-Nu‘mān</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">القاضي النعمان</span></span>) or as <b>ibn Ḥayyūn</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ابن حيون</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoonawala2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoonawala2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (died 974 CE/363 <a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a>) was an <a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ili</a> <a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">jurist</a> and the official historian of the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a>. He was also called <i>Qāḍī al-Quḍāt</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قَاضِي القضاة</span></span>) "Jurist of the Jurists" and <i>Dāʻī al-Duʻāt</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">داعي الدعاة</span></span>) "Missionary of Missionaries". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Kairouan" title="Kairouan">Kairouan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, al-Nu'man converted to Isma'ilism and began his career in <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a> (now Tunisia, western <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> and eastern <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>) under the first Fatimid caliph, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Mahdi_Billah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah">Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah</a> (r. 909-934 CE/297-322 AH), quickly rising to become the most prominent judge (<i><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">qadi</a></i>) of the Fatimid state. </p><p>His father, Muhammad ibn Mansur (d. 351 H/923 CE), had trained as a <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> jurist in <a href="/wiki/Qayrawan" class="mw-redirect" title="Qayrawan">Qayrawan</a>. Some have suggested that al-Qadi al-Numan's father converted to Isma'ili Shi'ism prior to the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a>, suggesting that al-Qadi al-Nu'man was raised an Isma'ili. <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taghribirdi" title="Ibn Taghribirdi">Ibn Taghribirdi</a> has alternatively suggested however that al-Qadi al-Nu'man was a <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> prior to his own conversion to Isma'ili Shi'ism. This has largely been dismissed due to the assumption that Ibn Taghribirdi based this on the apparently erroneous idea that the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> school had been pre-dominant in North Africa until <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_ibn_Badis" title="Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis">al-Mu'izz ibn Badis</a> imposed the <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> school. However, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taghribirdi" title="Ibn Taghribirdi">Ibn Taghribirdi</a>'s assertion may have alternatively been based on the fact that al-Qadi al-Numan's patronymic, "Abu Hanifah," matches with the name of the <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hanifah">eponymous founder of the Hanafi school</a>. This may lend support to the idea that his father, Muhammad, may have converted to the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> school prior to any conversion to Isma'ili Shi'ism. Regardless, al-Qadi al-Numani certainly was an Isma'ili when he entered the employ of the Fatimids at a young age.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his lifetime, al-Qadi al-Nu'man served four Fatimid Caliphs:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary1990250_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary1990250-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Mahdi_Billah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah">Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Fatimid_caliph)" title="Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)">al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_Billah" title="Al-Mansur Billah">al-Mansur Billah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_li-Din_Allah" title="Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah">al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah</a></li></ul> <p>During al-Nu'man's fifty years of service to the Fatimids, he wrote a vast number of books under the encouragement of the caliphs on history, biography, <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a> (Islamic jurisprudence) and the <a href="/wiki/Esoteric_interpretation_of_the_Quran" title="Esoteric interpretation of the Quran">esoteric interpretation of the Quran</a>. After the Fatimid conquest of Egypt and Syria, al-Nu'man left Ifriqiya and travelled to the newly founded city of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, where he eventually died in 974 CE/363 AH.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary1990250_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary1990250-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under al-Mahdi began the career of Qadi al-Numan (d. 974), the founder of Ismaili law and author of its most authoritative compendium, the Kitab da'a'im al-Islam (Book of the pillars of Islam). In the absence of an Ismaili legal tradition, Qadi al-Numan relied primarily on the legal teaching of Imams <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Baqir" title="Muhammad al-Baqir">Muhammad al-Baqir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a>, transmitted by Twelver Shii traditionists, and secondarily on <a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydi</a> traditions. </p><p>It gives the imam authority for determining the beginning of the month without regard to the sighting of the new moon as required by all other Muslim legal schools. Since the early Fatimid period the beginning of the months was generally established in practice on the basis of astronomical calculation and thus often fell one or two days earlier than for other Muslims; this discrepancy often caused intercommunal quarrels about the beginning and end of the fasting month of Ramadan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="His_works">His works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: His works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Nu'man's work consists of over 40 treatises on fiqh, history, religious beliefs and Quranic esoteric exegesis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary1990250_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary1990250-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fuat_Sezgin" title="Fuat Sezgin">Fuat Sezgin</a> cites 22 works by him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESezgin1967575-578_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESezgin1967575-578-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Nu'man's most prominent work, the <i><a href="/wiki/Da%27a%27im_al-Islam" title="Da'a'im al-Islam">Da'a'im al-Islam</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">دعائم الاسلام</span> "The Pillars of Islam"),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Nu'man2018_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Nu'man2018-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which took nearly thirty years to complete, is an exposition of Isma'ili jurisprudence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoonawala2002xxx_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoonawala2002xxx-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This work was finally completed during the reign of the fourth caliph, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_li-Din_Allah" title="Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah">al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah</a> (r. 953-975 CE/ 341-365 AH), was accepted in its time as the official code of the Fatimid Caliphate, and serves to this day as the primary source of religious law (<a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a>) for some <a href="/wiki/Musta%27li" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li">Musta'li</a> communities, particularly <a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi Isma'ilis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> incorporated the <i>Da'a'im al-Islam</i> into their constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFyzee1974_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFyzee1974-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book consists of 32 chapters in two volumes. The first volume consists of 7 chapters discussing the <a href="/wiki/Seven_pillars_of_Ismailism" title="Seven pillars of Ismailism">Seven pillars of Ismailism</a>. The second volume consists of 25 chapters about various topics relating to different facets of life. </p><p>Alongside his <i><a href="/wiki/Da%27a%27im_al-Islam" title="Da'a'im al-Islam">Pillars of Islam</a></i>, the <i>Foundation of Symbolic Interpretation</i> (<i>Asās al-Taʾwīl</i>), is one of al-Nu’man's most celebrated works and deals with esoteric interpretation (<i>taʾwīl</i>). In the author's own words, “Our aim [with the <i>Asās al-Taʾwīl</i>] is to explain the <a href="/wiki/Batin_(Islam)" title="Batin (Islam)">inner dimension</a> (<i>bāṭin</i>) of what we laid out in the book <i>Daʿāʾim al-Islām</i>, so that this book may be a source for the inner meaning (<i>bāṭin</i>), just as that one is for the <a href="/wiki/Zahir_(Islam)" title="Zahir (Islam)">external form</a> (<i>ẓāhir</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Qadi al-Nu'man believed that it is important to recognize and understand the symbolism behind the stories in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> based on certain verses that point to an inner meaning such as: “Thus your Lord will choose you and teach you the symbolic interpretation (<i><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_interpretation_of_the_Quran" title="Esoteric interpretation of the Quran">taʾwīl</a></i>) of events (<i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">aḥadīth</a></i>)” (Quran 12:21). In his work <i>Foundation of Symbolic Interpretation</i> (<i>Asās al-Taʾwīl</i>), he indicates that <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> made the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> the miracle of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> and its inner meaning the miracle of the <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Imams</a>. Just as nobody can replicate the miracle of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Book</a>, nobody can produce its inner meanings except for the <a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Nizari_doctrine" title="Imamate in Nizari doctrine">Imams</a>. This sacred knowledge is passed down through generations in their lineage and is entrusted to them.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another major work, the <i>Kitab iftitah al-da‘wa wa-ibtida’ al-dawla</i> ("The Beginning of the Mission and Establishment of the State") narrates the rise of the Fatimids. It mentions the initial stages of the Isma'ili <a href="/wiki/Dawah" title="Dawah">dawah</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> under <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hawshab" title="Ibn Hawshab">Ibn Hawshab</a>. It also discusses <a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdallah_al-Shi%27i" title="Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i">Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i</a>'s correspondence with the <a href="/wiki/Kutama" title="Kutama">Kutama Imazighen</a> and their military expeditions, leading to the conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Aghlabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aghlabids">Aghlabids</a>, who ruled Ifriqiya. It discusses Imam al-Mahdi's emigration from <a href="/wiki/Salamiyah" title="Salamiyah">Salamiyah</a>, his captivity in <a href="/wiki/Sijilmasa" title="Sijilmasa">Sijilmasa</a> and eventual release, culminating in the establishment of the Fatimid state in 909. The book also gives an account of the circumstances leading to the revolt of al-Shi'i, for which it holds responsible the incitement of his elder brother Abu al-Abbas, and his later execution. It also gives a description of the Fatimid state up to the year 957, when the book was completed. </p><p><i>Ikhtilaf usul al-madhahib</i> ("Differences Among the Schools of Law") was a refutation of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Islamic_jurisprudence" title="Principles of Islamic jurisprudence">principles of Islamic jurisprudence</a> written at roughly the same time as the earliest of such works.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2002116_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2002116-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nu'man's book borrows heavily from those of <a href="/wiki/Dawud_al-Zahiri" title="Dawud al-Zahiri">Dawud al-Zahiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Dawud_al-Zahiri" title="Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri">Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">al-Tabari</a>, three Sunni authors about whom Nu'man displays complex mixed feelings. It has been noted that while Nu'man's book is famous, it was not the first Ismali refutation of Sunni juristic principles. </p><p>Al-Nu'man's other major works are the <i>Kitab al-majalis wa’l-musayarat</i> ("The Book of Sessions and Excursions"), in which he has entailed in detail words of Imams in <a href="/wiki/Majlis" title="Majlis">majlis</a>, or just while walking which he had taken note of, and the wisdom encased within them) and the <i>Kitab al-himma fi adab atba‘ al-a’imma</i> ("The Book of Etiquette Necessary for Followers of the Imams"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Between revolution and state: the path to Fatimid statehood: Qadi Al-Nu'man and the construction of Fatimid legitimacy</i> by Sumaiya A. Hamdani. London; New York: I.B. Tauris; London: In association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2006.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoonawala2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoonawala2016_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPoonawala2016">Poonawala 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary2006_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary2006">Daftary 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFal-Qāḍī_al-Nuʿmān2015" class="citation book cs1">al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān (2015). <i>Disagreements of the Jurists: A Manual of Islamic Legal Theory</i>. Translated by Steward, Devin. New York: <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">New York University Press</a>. pp. ix–x. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814763926" title="Special:BookSources/9780814763926"><bdi>9780814763926</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disagreements+of+the+Jurists%3A+A+Manual+of+Islamic+Legal+Theory&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=ix-x&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780814763926&rft.au=al-Q%C4%81%E1%B8%8D%C4%AB+al-Nu%CA%BFm%C4%81n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Qadi+al-Nu%27man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaftary1990250-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary1990250_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary1990250_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaftary1990250_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaftary1990">Daftary 1990</a>, p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESezgin1967575-578-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESezgin1967575-578_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSezgin1967">Sezgin 1967</a>, p. 575-578.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Nu'man2018-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Nu'man2018_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAl-Nu'man2018">Al-Nu'man 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoonawala2002xxx-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoonawala2002xxx_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPoonawala2002">Poonawala 2002</a>, p. xxx.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFyzee1974-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFyzee1974_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFyzee1974">Fyzee 1974</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirani" class="citation journal cs1">Virani, Shafique. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/41992496">"Hierohistory in Qāḍī l-Nuʿmān's Foundation of Symbolic Interpretation (Asās al-Taʾwīl): The Birth of Jesus"</a>. <i>Studies in Islamic Historiography</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004415294_007">10.1163/9789004415294_007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+Islamic+Historiography&rft.atitle=Hierohistory+in+Q%C4%81%E1%B8%8D%C4%AB+l-Nu%CA%BFm%C4%81n%E2%80%99s+Foundation+of+Symbolic+Interpretation+%28As%C4%81s+al-Ta%CA%BEw%C4%ABl%29%3A+The+Birth+of+Jesus&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004415294_007&rft.aulast=Virani&rft.aufirst=Shafique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F41992496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Qadi+al-Nu%27man" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewart2002116-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewart2002116_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStewart2002">Stewart 2002</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qadi_al-Nu%27man&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Nu'man2018" class="citation web cs1">Al-Nu'man (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iis.ac.uk/encyclopaedia-articles/al-nu-man-al-qadi-d-363-ah-974-ce">"Al-Nu'man, Al-Qadi (d. 363 AH/ 974 CE) | The Institute of Ismaili Studies"</a>. <i>iis.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iis.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Al-Nu%27man%2C+Al-Qadi+%28d.+363+AH%2F+974+CE%29+%7C+The+Institute+of+Ismaili+Studies&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Al-Nu%27man&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiis.ac.uk%2Fencyclopaedia-articles%2Fal-nu-man-al-qadi-d-363-ah-974-ce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Qadi+al-Nu%27man" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaftary1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Farhad_Daftary" title="Farhad Daftary">Daftary, Farhad</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kQGlyZAy134C"><i>The Ismāʿı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-37019-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-37019-6"><bdi>978-0-521-37019-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ism%C4%81%CA%BF%C4%B1%CC%84l%C4%B1%CC%84s%3A+Their+History+and+Doctrines&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-521-37019-6&rft.aulast=Daftary&rft.aufirst=Farhad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkQGlyZAy134C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Qadi+al-Nu%27man" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaftary2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Daftary, Farhad (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130723050145/http://www.iis.ac.uk/SiteAssets/pdf/Al%20Qadi%20Al-Nu'man%20-%20Farhad%20Daftary%20-%2001-12-10_final.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Leaman, Oliver (ed.). <i>The Biographical Encyclopaedia of Islamic Philosophy</i>. Continuum International Publishing Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iis.ac.uk/SiteAssets/pdf/Al%20Qadi%20Al-Nu'man%20-%20Farhad%20Daftary%20-%2001-12-10_final.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archived+copy&rft.btitle=The+Biographical+Encyclopaedia+of+Islamic+Philosophy&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Daftary&rft.aufirst=Farhad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iis.ac.uk%2FSiteAssets%2Fpdf%2FAl%2520Qadi%2520Al-Nu%27man%2520-%2520Farhad%2520Daftary%2520-%252001-12-10_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Qadi+al-Nu%27man" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFyzee1974" class="citation book cs1">Fyzee, Asaf A. A. (1974). <i>The Book of Faith: Translated from the 'Da'a'im al-Islam' of Qadi Nu'man</i>. Nachiketa Publication Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Faith%3A+Translated+from+the+%27Da%27a%27im+al-Islam%27+of+Qadi+Nu%27man&rft.pub=Nachiketa+Publication+Ltd.&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Fyzee&rft.aufirst=Asaf+A.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Qadi+al-Nu%27man" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoonawala2002" class="citation book cs1">Poonawala, Ismail K. (2002). <i>The Pillars of Islam: Acts of devotion and religious observances</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pillars+of+Islam%3A+Acts+of+devotion+and+religious+observances&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Poonawala&rft.aufirst=Ismail+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Qadi+al-Nu%27man" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoonawala2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Poonawala, Ismail K. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ismailism-xi-ismaili-jurisprudence">"Ismaʿilism xi. Ismaʿili Jurisprudence"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Isma%CA%BFilism+xi.+Isma%CA%BFili+Jurisprudence&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Poonawala&rft.aufirst=Ismail+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fismailism-xi-ismaili-jurisprudence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Qadi+al-Nu%27man" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSezgin1967" class="citation book cs1">Sezgin, Fuat (1967). <i>Geschichte des Arabischen Schrifttums</i>. Vol. I. Brill. pp. 575–578. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004020078" title="Special:BookSources/9789004020078"><bdi>9789004020078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+des+Arabischen+Schrifttums&rft.pages=575-578&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=9789004020078&rft.aulast=Sezgin&rft.aufirst=Fuat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Qadi+al-Nu%27man" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2002" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Devin J. (2002). "Muhammad b. Dawud al-Zahiri's Manual of Jurisprudence". In Weiss, Bernard G. (ed.). <i>Studies in Islamic Law and Society Volume 15: Studies in Islamic Legal Theory</i>. Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Muhammad+b.+Dawud+al-Zahiri%27s+Manual+of+Jurisprudence&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Islamic+Law+and+Society+Volume+15%3A+Studies+in+Islamic+Legal+Theory&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Devin+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Qadi+al-Nu%27man" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fatimid Caliphate topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fatimid_Caliphate_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fatimid_caliphs" title="List of Fatimid caliphs">Imam-Caliphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahdi_Billah" title="Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah">al-Mahdi Billah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(Fatimid_caliph)" title="Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)">al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_Billah" title="Al-Mansur Billah">al-Mansur Billah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_li-Din_Allah" title="Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah">al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aziz_Billah" title="Al-Aziz Billah">al-Aziz Billah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah">al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah" title="Al-Mustansir Billah">al-Mustansir Billah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27li" title="Al-Musta'li">al-Musta'li Billah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Amir_bi-Ahkam_Allah" title="Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah">al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hafiz" title="Al-Hafiz">al-Hafiz li-Din Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zafir" title="Al-Zafir">al-Zafir bi-Amr Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fa%27iz_bi-Nasr_Allah" title="Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah">al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adid" title="Al-Adid">al-Adid li-Din Allah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_dynasty" title="Fatimid dynasty">Dynasty</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">Foundation and rise (909–973)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_conquest_of_Ifriqiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimid conquest of Ifriqiya">Conquest of Aghlabid Ifriqiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_al-Mahdi_Billah#Establishment_of_the_Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah">Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ziyadat_Allah_ibn_Qurhub" title="Ahmad ibn Ziyadat Allah ibn Qurhub">1st Sicilian revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_invasion_of_Egypt_(914%E2%80%93915)" title="Fatimid invasion of Egypt (914–915)">1st invasion of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_invasion_of_Egypt_(919%E2%80%93921)" title="Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921)">2nd invasion of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_ibn_Ishaq_al-Tamimi#Governorship_of_Sicily" title="Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi">2nd Sicilian revolt</a></li> <li>Rebellion of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Yazid" title="Abu Yazid">Abu Yazid</a> (943–947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_campaigns_in_the_western_Maghreb_(958%E2%80%93960)" title="Fatimid campaigns in the western Maghreb (958–960)">Conquest of Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_conquest_of_Egypt" title="Fatimid conquest of Egypt">Conquest of Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">Apogee and crisis (973–1073)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Expansion into Syria <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alexandretta" title="Battle of Alexandretta">Alexandretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Qarmatian_invasion_of_Egypt" title="First Qarmatian invasion of Egypt">1st</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Qarmatian_invasion_of_Egypt" title="Second Qarmatian invasion of Egypt">2nd</a> Qarmatian invasions</li> <li>Struggle with <a href="/wiki/Alptakin" title="Alptakin">Alptakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aleppo_(994%E2%80%93995)" title="Siege of Aleppo (994–995)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Apamea" title="Battle of Apamea">Apamea</a></li> <li>Uprisings of <a href="/wiki/Mufarrij_ibn_Daghfal_ibn_al-Jarrah" title="Mufarrij ibn Daghfal ibn al-Jarrah">Muffarij b. Daghfal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Uqhuwana" title="Battle of al-Uqhuwana">Bedouin alliance uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li>Revolt of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Rakwa" title="Abu Rakwa">Abu Rakwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilalian_invasion_of_Ifriqiya" title="Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya">Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Basasiri" title="Al-Basasiri">al-Basasiri</a>'s conquest of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Funaydiq" title="Battle of al-Funaydiq">Loss of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustansirite_Hardship" title="Mustansirite Hardship">Mustansirite Hardship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">Recovery and downfall (1073–1171)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dictatorship of <a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Jamali" title="Badr al-Jamali">Badr al-Jamali</a></li> <li>Revolt of <a href="/wiki/Nizar_ibn_al-Mustansir" title="Nizar ibn al-Mustansir">Nizar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li</a>–<a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism" title="Nizari Isma'ilism">Nizari</a> schism</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ascalon" title="Siege of Ascalon">Siege of Ascalon</a></li> <li>Regime of <a href="/wiki/Kutayfat" title="Kutayfat">Kutayfat</a> and accession of <a href="/wiki/Al-Hafiz" title="Al-Hafiz">al-Hafiz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hafizi_Isma%27ilism" title="Hafizi Isma'ilism">Hafizi</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi</a> schism</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusader_invasions_of_Egypt" title="Crusader invasions of Egypt">Crusader invasions of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saladin_in_Egypt" title="Saladin in Egypt">End of the Fatimid Caliphate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Blacks" title="Battle of the Blacks">Battle of the Blacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-Fatimid_conspiracy_against_Saladin" title="Pro-Fatimid conspiracy against Saladin">Conspiracy against Saladin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Government<br />and military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vizier_(Fatimid_Caliphate)" title="Vizier (Fatimid Caliphate)">Viziers</a><br />and regents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawdhar" title="Jawdhar">Jawdhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27qub_ibn_Killis" title="Ya'qub ibn Killis">Ya'qub ibn Killis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_ibn_Ammar_al-Kalbi" title="Al-Hasan ibn Ammar al-Kalbi">Ibn Ammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barjawan" title="Barjawan">Barjawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitt_al-Mulk" title="Sitt al-Mulk">Sitt al-Mulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Ahmad_al-Jarjara%27i" title="Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i">Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Yazuri" title="Abu Muhammad al-Yazuri">Abu Muhammad al-Yazuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasad" title="Rasad">Rasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Dawla_Ibn_Hamdan" title="Nasir al-Dawla Ibn Hamdan">Nasir al-Dawla Ibn Hamdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Jamali" title="Badr al-Jamali">Badr al-Jamali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Afdal_Shahanshah" title="Al-Afdal Shahanshah">al-Afdal Shahanshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutayfat" title="Kutayfat">Kutayfat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_al-Hafiz" title="Hasan ibn al-Hafiz">Hasan ibn al-Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahram_al-Armani" title="Bahram al-Armani">Bahram al-Armani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridwan_ibn_Walakhshi" title="Ridwan ibn Walakhshi">Ridwan ibn Walakhshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27mun_al-Bata%27ihi" title="Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi">al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adil_ibn_al-Sallar" title="Al-Adil ibn al-Sallar">al-Adil ibn al-Sallar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_ibn_Abi_al-Futuh" title="Abbas ibn Abi al-Futuh">Abbas ibn Abi al-Futuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tala%27i_ibn_Ruzzik" title="Tala'i ibn Ruzzik">Tala'i ibn Ruzzik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzzik_ibn_Tala%27i" title="Ruzzik ibn Tala'i">Ruzzik ibn Tala'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawar" title="Shawar">Shawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirgham" title="Dirgham">Dirgham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirkuh" title="Shirkuh">Shirkuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">Vassal dynasties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalbids" title="Kalbids">Kalbids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Muslim_Sicily" title="Muslim Sicily">Sicily</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zirid_dynasty" title="Zirid dynasty">Zirids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hammadid_dynasty" title="Hammadid dynasty">Hammadids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharifate_of_Mecca" title="Sharifate of Mecca">Sharifs of Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharifate_of_Medina" title="Sharifate of Medina">Sharifs of Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Jarrahids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirdasid_dynasty" title="Mirdasid dynasty">Mirdasids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulayhid_dynasty" title="Sulayhid dynasty">Sulayhids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamdanids_(Yemen)" title="Hamdanids (Yemen)">Hamdanids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zurayids" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurayids">Zurayids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islamic_history_of_Yemen" title="Islamic history of Yemen">Yemen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Kanz" title="Banu Kanz">Banu Kanz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty_of_Multan" title="Lodi dynasty of Multan">Lodi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Multan" title="Emirate of Multan">Multan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Officials_of_the_Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Category:Officials of the Fatimid Caliphate">Officials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_the_Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Category:Governors of the Fatimid Caliphate">governors</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Category:Generals_of_the_Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Category:Generals of the Fatimid Caliphate">generals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ja%27far_Muhammad_ibn_Ahmad_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi">Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_ibn_Ishaq_al-Tamimi" title="Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi">Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawhar_(general)" title="Jawhar (general)">Jawhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakjur" title="Bakjur">Bakjur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjutakin" title="Manjutakin">Manjutakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushtakin_al-Dizbari" title="Anushtakin al-Dizbari">Anushtakin al-Dizbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Basasiri" title="Al-Basasiri">al-Basasiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_al-Fadil" title="Qadi al-Fadil">Qadi al-Fadil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_army" title="Fatimid army">Fatimid army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kutama" title="Kutama">Kutama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_navy" title="Fatimid navy">Fatimid navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">Doctrines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Ismaili_doctrine" title="Imamate in Ismaili doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujja" title="Hujja">Hujja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_interpretation_of_the_Quran" title="Esoteric interpretation of the Quran">Esotericism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batin_(Islam)" title="Batin (Islam)">Batin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zahir_(Islam)" title="Zahir (Islam)">Zahir</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">Branches and offshoots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Ali" title="Hamza ibn Ali">Hamza ibn Ali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism" title="Nizari Isma'ilism">Nizari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Assassins" title="Order of Assassins">Assassins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27li_Isma%27ilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Musta'li Isma'ilism">Musta'li</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayyibi_Isma%27ilism" title="Tayyibi Isma'ilism">Tayyibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafizi_Isma%27ilism" title="Hafizi Isma'ilism">Hafizi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dawah" title="Dawah">Missionaries</a><br />and theologians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_Qarmat" title="Hamdan Qarmat">Hamdan Qarmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hawshab" title="Ibn Hawshab">Ibn Hawshab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Fadl_al-Jayshani" title="Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani">Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdallah_al-Shi%27i" title="Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i">Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ahmad_al-Nasafi" title="Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi">Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hatim_Ahmad_ibn_Hamdan_al-Razi" title="Abu Hatim Ahmad ibn Hamdan al-Razi">Abu Hatim al-Razi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Tammam_(Isma%27ili_missionary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Tammam (Isma'ili missionary) (page does not exist)">Abu Tammam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_ibn_Mansur_al-Yaman" title="Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman">Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">al-Qadi al-Nu'man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ya%27qub_al-Sijistani" title="Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani">Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Ibrahim_al-Naysaburi" title="Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi">Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fawaris_Ahmad_ibn_Ya%27qub" title="Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub">Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_(Ismaili_missionary_to_Gujarat)" title="Abdallah (Ismaili missionary to Gujarat)">Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27ayyad_fi%27l-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi">al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani">Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">Anti-Fatimid<br />movement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhu_Muhsin" title="Akhu Muhsin">Akhu Muhsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Manifesto" title="Baghdad Manifesto">Baghdad Manifesto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_art" title="Fatimid art">Art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_architecture" title="Fatimid architecture">architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahdia" title="Mahdia">Mahdiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mahdiya" title="Great Mosque of Mahdiya">Great Mosque of Mahdiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skifa_Kahla" title="Skifa Kahla">Skifa Kahla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansouria,_Tunisia" title="Mansouria, Tunisia">Mansuriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_Mosque" title="Al-Hakim Mosque">Al-Hakim Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqmar_Mosque" title="Aqmar Mosque">Aqmar Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Futuh" title="Bab al-Futuh">Bab al-Futuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_al-Nasr_(Cairo)" title="Bab al-Nasr (Cairo)">Bab al-Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Zuweila" title="Bab Zuweila">Bab Zuweila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Great_Palaces" title="Fatimid Great Palaces">Fatimid Great Palaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juyushi_Mosque" title="Juyushi Mosque">Juyushi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad_of_Sayyida_Ruqayya" title="Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya">Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portable_mihrab_from_the_Mashhad_of_Sayyida_Ruqayya" title="Portable mihrab from the Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya">Portable mihrab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Salih_Tala%27i_Mosque" title="Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque">Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minbar_of_the_Ibrahimi_Mosque" title="Minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque">Minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Husayn%27s_Head" title="Shrine of Husayn's Head">Shrine of Husayn's Head</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:center;">Literature and learning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Muhammad_al-Iyadi" title="Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi">Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">al-Qadi al-Nu'man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Hani_al-Andalusi_al-Azdi" title="Muhammad ibn Hani al-Andalusi al-Azdi">Muhammad ibn Hani al-Andalusi al-Azdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musabbihi" title="Al-Musabbihi">al-Musabbihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University" title="Al-Azhar University">al-Azhar University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Knowledge" title="House of Knowledge">House of Knowledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fatimid_Caliphate" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fatimid Caliphate">Media</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muslim_historians" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historians_of_Islam" title="Template:Historians of Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historians_of_Islam" title="Template talk:Historians of Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historians_of_Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historians of Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muslim_historians" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_historians" title="List of Muslim historians">Muslim historians</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aban_bin_Uthman_bin_Affan" class="mw-redirect" title="Aban bin Uthman bin Affan"> Aban bin Uthman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urwah_ibn_Zubayr" class="mw-redirect" title="Urwah ibn Zubayr">Urwah ibn Zubayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri">Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_al-Kalbi" title="Hisham ibn al-Kalbi">Hisham ibn al-Kalbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ishaq" title="Ibn Ishaq">Ibn Ishaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Waqidi" title="Al-Waqidi">Al-Waqidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mikhnaf" title="Abu Mikhnaf">Abu Mikhnaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayf_ibn_Umar" title="Sayf ibn Umar">Sayf ibn Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mada%27ini" title="Al-Mada'ini">Al-Mada'ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Lahi%27a" title="Ibn Lahi'a">Ibn Lahi'a</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%CA%BDAbd_al-Hakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn ʽAbd al-Hakam">Ibn ʽAbd al-Hakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalifah_ibn_Khayyat" title="Khalifah ibn Khayyat">Khalifah ibn Khayyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hisham" title="Ibn Hisham">Ibn Hisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27qubi" title="Ya'qubi">Ya'qubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">Al-Tabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baladhuri" title="Al-Baladhuri">Al-Baladhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sa%27d" title="Ibn Sa'd">Ibn Sa'd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zubayr_ibn_Bakkar" title="Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar">Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azraqi" title="Al-Azraqi">Al-Azraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa_Dinawari" title="Abu Hanifa Dinawari">Abu Hanifa Dinawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qutaybah" title="Ibn Qutaybah">Ibn Qutaybah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mada%27ini" title="Al-Mada'ini">Al-Mada'ini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Nadim" title="Ibn al-Nadim">Ibn al-Nadim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Duraid" title="Ibn Duraid">Ibn Duraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Q%C5%AB%E1%B9%ADiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Qūṭiyya">Ibn al-Qūṭiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masudi" title="Al-Masudi">Al-Masudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miskawayh" title="Miskawayh">Miskawayh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_bin_Yahya_al-Suli" title="Abu Bakr bin Yahya al-Suli">al-Suli</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Al-Qadi al-Nu'man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Arab" title="Abu al-Arab">Abu al-Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Hasan_al-Hamdani" title="Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani"> Abu Muhammad al-Hamdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Musabbihi" title="Al-Musabbihi">Al-Musabbihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Yusuf_al-Kindi" title="Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Kindi">al-Kindi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Faradi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Faradi">Ibn Faradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hayyan" title="Ibn Hayyan">Ibn Hayyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_al-Andalusi" title="Said al-Andalusi">Said al-Andalusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Udri" title="Al-Udri">Al-Udri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bakri" title="Al-Bakri">Al-Bakri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilal_al-Sabi%27" title="Hilal al-Sabi'">Hilal al-Sabi'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi">Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quda%27i" title="Al-Quda'i">Al-Quda'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bassam" title="Ibn Bassam">Ibn Bassam</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fadl_Bayhaqi" title="Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi">Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Gardezi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Sa'id Gardezi">Abu Sa'id Gardezi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Baydhaq" title="Mohammed al-Baydhaq">Mohammed al-Baydhaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Ibn al-Jawzi">Ibn al-Jawzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Latif_al-Baghdadi" title="Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi">Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Qalanisi" title="Ibn al-Qalanisi">Ibn al-Qalanisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%CA%BDAsakir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn ʽAsakir">Ibn ʽAsakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usama_ibn_Munqidh" title="Usama ibn Munqidh">Usama ibn Munqidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imad_ad-Din_al-Isfahani" class="mw-redirect" title="Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani">Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha_ad-Din_ibn_Shaddad" title="Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad">Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hammad_(historian)" title="Ibn Hammad (historian)">Ibn Hammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jawwani" title="Al-Jawwani">Al-Jawwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Sam%27ani" title="Ibn al-Sam'ani">Ibn al-Sam'ani</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Ali_Rawandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Ali Rawandi">Muhammad bin Ali Rawandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqut_al-Hamawi" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut al-Hamawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Wahid_al-Marrakushi" title="'Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi">'Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Amira" title="Ibn Amira">Ibn Amira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Jubayr" title="Ibn Jubayr">Ibn Jubayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Kardab%C5%ABs" title="Ibn al-Kardabūs">Ibn al-Kardabūs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Adim" title="Ibn al-Adim">Ibn al-Adim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Athir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn al-Athir">Ibn al-Athir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibt_ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Sibt ibn al-Jawzi">Sibt ibn al-Jawzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khallikan" title="Ibn Khallikan">Ibn Khallikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qifti" title="Al-Qifti">Al-Qifti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zar" title="Ibn Abi Zar">Ibn Abi Zar</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Bibi" title="Ibn Bibi">Ibn Bibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Aufi" title="Muhammad Aufi">Muhammad Aufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Isfandiyar" title="Ibn Isfandiyar">Ibn Isfandiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhaj-i_Siraj_Juzjani" title="Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani">Minhaj-i-Siraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata-Malik_Juvayni" title="Ata-Malik Juvayni">Ata-Malik Juvayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid-al-Din_Hamadani" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid-al-Din Hamadani">Rashid-al-Din Hamadani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fida" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fida">Abu'l-Fida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Idhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Idhari">Ibn Idhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dhahabi" title="Al-Dhahabi">Al-Dhahabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Khatib" title="Ibn al-Khatib">Ibn al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Fadlallah_al-Umari" title="Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari">Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Tiqtaqa" title="Ibn al-Tiqtaqa">Ibn al-Tiqtaqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Furat" title="Ibn al-Furat">Ibn al-Furat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mufaddal_ibn_Abi_al-Fada%27il" title="Al-Mufaddal ibn Abi al-Fada'il">Al-Mufaddal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-%CA%BDAsqalani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Hajar al-ʽAsqalani">al-ʽAsqalani</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamdallah_Mustawfi" title="Hamdallah Mustawfi">Hamdallah Mustawfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassaf" title="Wassaf">Wassaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziauddin_Barani" title="Ziauddin Barani">Ziauddin Barani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz-i_Abru" title="Hafiz-i Abru">Hafiz-i Abru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maqrizi" title="Al-Maqrizi">al-Maqrizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taghribirdi" title="Ibn Taghribirdi">Ibn Taghribirdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhawi" title="Al-Sakhawi">Al-Sakhawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ghazi_al-Miknasi" title="Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi">Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharaf_ad-Din_Ali_Yazdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi">Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirkhvand" title="Mirkhvand">Mirkhvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Nadiri" title="Mullah Nadiri">Mullah Nadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahir_al-Din_Mar%27ashi" title="Zahir al-Din Mar'ashi">Zahir al-Din Mar'ashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlallah_Khunji_Isfahani" title="Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani">Fazlallah Khunji Isfahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Bitlisi" title="Idris Bitlisi">Idris Bitlisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_bin_Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi">Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oru%C3%A7_Bey" title="Oruç Bey">Oruç Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kpa%C5%9Fazade" title="Aşıkpaşazade">Aşıkpaşazade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enveri" title="Enveri">Enveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neshri" class="mw-redirect" title="Neshri">Neshri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tursun_Beg" title="Tursun Beg">Tursun Beg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Iyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Iyas">Ibn Iyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujir_al-Din" title="Mujir al-Din">Mujir al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_al-Fishtali" title="Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali">Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ibn_al-Qadi" title="Ahmad Ibn al-Qadi"> Ibn al-Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%27i_al-Karmi" title="Mar'i al-Karmi">Mar'i al-Karmi</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fazl_ibn_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak">Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khwandamir" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Khwandamir">Muhammad Khwandamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BDAbd_al-Qadir_Badayuni" title="ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni">ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Ahmad" title="Nizamuddin Ahmad">Nizamuddin Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firishta" title="Firishta">Firishta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Beg_Munshi" title="Iskandar Beg Munshi">Iskandar Beg Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharafkhan_Bidlisi" title="Sharafkhan Bidlisi">Sharafkhan Bidlisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_%C3%82l%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustafa Âlî">Mustafa Âlî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCtfi_Pasha" title="Lütfi Pasha">Lûtfi Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrak%C3%A7%C4%B1_Nasuh" title="Matrakçı Nasuh">Matrakçı Nasuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadeddin_Effendi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadeddin Effendi">Sadeddin Effendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Selaniki" title="Mustafa Selaniki">Mustafa Selaniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C3%B6pr%C3%BCzade" title="Taşköprüzade">Taşköprüzade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Mohammed_al-Maqqari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari">Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katib_%C3%87elebi" class="mw-redirect" title="Katib Çelebi">Katib Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Imad_al-Hanbali" title="Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali">Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaikh_Inayat_Allah_Kamboh" title="Shaikh Inayat Allah Kamboh">Shaikh Inayat Allah Kamboh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Saleh_Kamboh" title="Muhammad Saleh Kamboh">Muhammad Saleh Kamboh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Fattah_Fumani" title="Abd al-Fattah Fumani">Abd al-Fattah Fumani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsin_Fani" title="Mohsin Fani">Mohsin Fani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ottoman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Petchevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Petchevi">Ibrahim Petchevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solakzade_Mehmed_Hemdemi" title="Solakzade Mehmed Hemdemi">Solakzade Mehmed Hemdemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2tip_%C3%87elebi" title="Kâtip Çelebi">Kâtip Çelebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munejjim-bashi_Ahmed_Dede" title="Munejjim-bashi Ahmed Dede">Munejjim Bashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silahdar_Findiklili_Mehmed_Agha" title="Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha">Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_Aga_of_Temesvar" title="Osman Aga of Temesvar">Osman Aga of Temesvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Naima" title="Mustafa Naima">Mustafa Naima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Burini" title="Al-Burini">Al-Hasan al-Burini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Abdi_Pasha_(court_historian)" title="Abdurrahman Abdi Pasha (court historian)">Abdi Pasha</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chagatai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Ghazi_Bahadur" title="Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur">Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Khani">Ahmad Khani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Ifrani" title="Mohammed al-Ifrani">Mohammed al-Ifrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Qadiri" title="Mohammed al-Qadiri">Mohammed al-Qadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Muradi" title="Khalil al-Muradi">Khalil al-Muradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zayyani" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zayyani">al-Zayyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Jabarti" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti">al-Jabarti</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mehdi_Khan_Astarabadi" title="Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi">Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abol-Hasan_Golestaneh" title="Abol-Hasan Golestaneh">Abol-Hasan Golestaneh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Resm%C3%AE_Efendi" title="Ahmed Resmî Efendi">Ahmed Resmî Efendi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Khalid_al-Nasiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri">Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Farid" title="Mohammad Farid">Mohammad Farid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Diyaf" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf">Ahmad ibn Abi Diyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurji_Zaydan" title="Jurji Zaydan">Jurji Zaydan</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Mirza_Qajar" title="Jalal al-Din Mirza Qajar">Jalal al-Din Mirza Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agha_Ahmad_Ali" title="Agha Ahmad Ali">Agha Ahmad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza-Qoli_Khan_Hedayat" title="Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat">Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ottoman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Amiri_(Turkish_historian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Amiri (Turkish historian)">Ali Amiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevdet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevdet Pasha">Ahmed Cevdet Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevad_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevad Pasha">Ahmed Cevad Pasha</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Azerbaijani</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Adigozal_bey" title="Mirza Adigozal bey">Mirza Adigozal bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_bey_Javanshir" title="Ahmad bey Javanshir">Ahmad bey Javanshir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karim_agha_Shakikhanov" title="Karim agha Shakikhanov">Karim agha Shakikhanov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Bayazidi" title="Mahmud Bayazidi">Mahmud Bayazidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoureh_Ardalan" title="Mastoureh Ardalan">Mastoureh Ardalan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Notable works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meadows_of_Gold" title="The Meadows of Gold">The Meadows of Gold</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Prophets_and_Kings" title="History of the Prophets and Kings">History of the Prophets and Kings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mu%27jam_al-Buldan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'jam al-Buldan">Mu'jam al-Buldan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concise_History_of_Humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Concise History of Humanity">Concise History of Humanity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_History" title="The Complete History">The Complete History</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Bidaya_wa%27l-Nihaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya">Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Remaining_Signs_of_Past_Centuries" title="The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries">The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Futuh_al-Buldan" title="Futuh al-Buldan">Futuh al-Buldan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-I%27tibar" title="Kitab al-I'tibar">Kitab al-I'tibar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Milal_wa_al-Nihal" title="Al-Milal wa al-Nihal">Al-Milal wa al-Nihal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Caliphs" title="History of the Caliphs">History of the Caliphs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Rawd_al-Mitar" title="Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar">Kitab al-Rawd al-Mitar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarikh_al-Yaqubi" title="Tarikh al-Yaqubi">Tarikh al-Yaqubi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muqaddimah" title="Muqaddimah">Muqaddimah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Idols" title="Book of Idols">Book of Idols</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rihla" title="Rihla">Rihla</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Isnad" title="Isnad">Isnad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_evaluation" title="Biographical evaluation">Biographical evaluation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_dictionary" title="Biographical dictionary">Biographical dictionary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hadith_studies" title="Hadith studies">Hadith studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabaqat" title="Tabaqat">Tabaqat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isra%27iliyyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra'iliyyat">Isra'iliyyat</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482353#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482353#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000112817788">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/103638491">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1838697/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjhypvRckg4kYhFcH7yh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/102835888">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80118462">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06946300?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd102835888.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/076593908">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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