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class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naslagwerken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naslagwerken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naslagwerken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naslagwerken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lysenkoïsme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 23 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ليسينكووية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليسينكووية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoisme" title="Lysenkoisme – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lysenkoisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoisme" title="Lysenkoisme – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lysenkoisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyssenkoismus" title="Lyssenkoismus – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lyssenkoismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8A%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Λυσενκοϊσμός – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λυσενκοϊσμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoism" title="Lysenkoism – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lysenkoism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenko%C3%ADsmo" title="Lysenkoísmo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lysenkoísmo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5ssenkism" title="Lõssenkism – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lõssenkism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="لیسنکوئیسم – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیسنکوئیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkolaisuus" title="Lysenkolaisuus – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lysenkolaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyssenkisme" title="Lyssenkisme – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lyssenkisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkismo" title="Lysenkismo – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lysenkismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoismo" title="Lysenkoismo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lysenkoismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B3%E8%AB%96%E4%BA%89" title="ルイセンコ論争 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイセンコ論争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%84%BC%EC%BD%94%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="리센코주의 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리센코주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="ലിസെൻകോയിസം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിസെൻകോയിസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ysenkizm" title="Łysenkizm – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łysenkizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoismo" title="Lysenkoismo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lysenkoismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Лысенковщина – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лысенковщина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoism" title="Lysenkoism – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lysenkoism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisenkoizm" title="Lisenkoizm – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lisenkoizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Лисенківщина – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лисенківщина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%A3%AE%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="李森科主义 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="李森科主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1197987#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lysenko_with_Stalin.gif/525px-Lysenko_with_Stalin.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Lysenko_with_Stalin.gif 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trofim_Lysenko" title="Trofim Lysenko">Trofim Lysenko</a> als spreker in het Kremlin in 1935; achter hem van links naar rechts <a href="/wiki/Stanislav_Kosior" title="Stanislav Kosior">Stanislav Kosior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anastas_Mikojan" title="Anastas Mikojan">Anastas Mikojan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Andrejev_(politicus)" title="Andrej Andrejev (politicus)">Andrej Andrejev</a> en <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Stalin" title="Jozef Stalin">Jozef Stalin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Het <b>lysenkoïsme</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russisch" title="Russisch">Russisch</a>: лысенковщина, <i>lysenkovsjtsjina</i>) was in de jaren '30 in de <a href="/wiki/Sovjet-Unie" title="Sovjet-Unie">Sovjet-Unie</a> een politieke campagne onder leiding van <a href="/wiki/Trofim_Lysenko" title="Trofim Lysenko">Trofim Lysenko</a> die gericht was tegen <a href="/wiki/Genetica" title="Genetica">genetica</a> en wetenschappelijke <a href="/wiki/Landbouw" title="Landbouw">landbouw</a>. Lysenko verwiep <a href="/wiki/Natuurlijke_selectie" title="Natuurlijke selectie">natuurlijke selectie</a> ten voordele van een soort <a href="/wiki/Lamarckisme" title="Lamarckisme">lamarckisme</a>. Hij verwierp ook de vermeerdering van planten door <a href="/wiki/Vernalisatie" title="Vernalisatie">vernalisatie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Enten_(plant)" title="Enten (plant)">enten</a>. Specifiek voor het regime onder <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Stalin" title="Jozef Stalin">Stalin</a> was dat wetenschappers die er anders over dachten, uitgerangeerd werden. Mettertijd is de term lysenkoïsme dan ook in zwang geraakt om elke situatie aan te geven waarbij wetenschappelijke feiten of stellingen genegeerd worden voor doelen die geacht worden politiek, religieus of sociaal wenselijk te zijn. </p><p>Meer dan 3.000 <a href="/wiki/Bioloog" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioloog">biologen</a> werden ontslagen of naar werkkampen gestuurd. Ook in andere takken van de wetenschap werden onderzoekers uitgerangeerd, zelfs terechtgesteld, omdat ze niet voldeden aan de criteria van het <a href="/wiki/Historisch_materialisme" title="Historisch materialisme">historisch materialisme</a>. Zo stierf <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Vavilov" title="Nikolaj Vavilov">Nikolaj Vavilov</a>, directeur van de Lenin Al-Unie Academie van Landbouwwetenschappen, in de gevangenis. Hij was Lysenko's mentor geweest maar had diens visies later verworpen. Wetenschappelijke onderzoeksresultaten werden effectief vernietigd. Onderzoek en onderwijs in <a href="/wiki/Neuropsychologie" title="Neuropsychologie">neuropsychologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celbiologie" title="Celbiologie">celbiologie</a> en verschillende andere biologische disciplines werd beknot of verboden. </p><p>Door de hongersnoden bij het begin van de jaren '30 in de Sovjet-Unie, en vooral deze in <a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Oekraïne</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kazachse_Hongersnood_van_1932-1933" title="Kazachse Hongersnood van 1932-1933">Kazachstan</a> was de kwestie van de productiviteit in de landbouw bijzonder acuut en liepen de tegenstellingen onder biologen hoog op. De discussie draaide vooral om de <a href="/wiki/Wetten_van_Mendel" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetten van Mendel">wetten van Mendel</a>, die door de sovjets verworpen werden. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> werd nog erkend als de ontdekker van <i>evolutionaire ontwikkelingen</i> maar aan Lysenko en gelijkgezinde wetenschappers werd een grote stap voorwaarts toegeschreven bij <i>revolutionaire ontwikkelingen</i> in de biologie. Lysenko vergeleek zijn tegenstanders met de boeren die zich bleven verzetten tegen de <a href="/wiki/Collectivisatie_in_de_Sovjet-Unie" title="Collectivisatie in de Sovjet-Unie">collectivisatie</a> en stelde dat de klassieke genetici zich ook verzetten tegen het (wetenschappelijk) <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">marxisme</a>. </p><p>De Amerikaanse geneticus <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Hermann Joseph Muller</a> was in 1936 in <a href="/wiki/Sint-Petersburg" title="Sint-Petersburg">Leningrad</a> en werd om zijn proeven met <a href="/wiki/Drosophila_(dier)" title="Drosophila (dier)">fruitvliegjes</a> aangevallen als bourgeois, kapitalist, imperialist en promotor van het fascisme. Daarom vluchtte hij terug naar Amerika via <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Spaanse_Republiek" title="Tweede Spaanse Republiek">republikeins Spanje</a>. </p><p>Na de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a> voerden ook andere landen van het <a href="/wiki/Oostblok" title="Oostblok">Oostblok</a> en <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in min of meerdere mate het lysenkoïsme in als de <i>nieuwe biologie</i>. </p><p>Tegen het einde van 1952 begon het lysenkoïsme te tanen en werden weer kritische artikelen daarover gepubliceerd. Onder <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Chroesjtsjov" title="Nikita Chroesjtsjov">Nikita Chroesjtsjov</a> werd het weer moeilijker. Lysenko slaagde erin enkele (vermeende) successen voor te leggen. Rond het midden van de jaren '60 waaide de 'wetenschappelijke' ban op de reguliere genetica in de Sovjet-Unie over. Intussen wordt het lysenkoïsme als <a href="/wiki/Pseudowetenschap" title="Pseudowetenschap">pseudowetenschap</a> bestempeld en is het bij uitbreiding ook een term voor een neiging tot eenzijdigheid in de wetenschap. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lysenko%C3%AFsme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lysenko%C3%AFsme&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualisme" title="Anti-intellectualisme">Anti-intellectualisme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lysenko%C3%AFsme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lysenko%C3%AFsme&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pdf-document"><img alt="Pdf-document" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg/16px-Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg/24px-Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg/32px-Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Fisher, R.A.</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/15140/1/229.pdf">What Sort of Man is Lysenko ?</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naslagwerken">Naslagwerken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lysenko%C3%AFsme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Naslagwerken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lysenko%C3%AFsme&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Naslagwerken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Graham, Loren</span> <i>Stalinist Ideology and the Lysenko Affair</i>, in <i>Science in Russia and the Soviet Union</i> (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993)</li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Joravsky, David</span> <i>The Lysenko Affair</i> (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970/reprint 1986) <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0226410319" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0226410319">ISBN 978-0226410319</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Soyfer, Valery N.</span> <i>Lysenko and the Tragedy of Soviet Science</i> (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1994) <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0813520872" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0813520872">ISBN 978-0813520872</a></span></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoism?oldid=1055953470">Lysenkoism</a> op de Engelstalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoism?offset=20211205235959&action=history">bewerkingsgeschiedenis</a></span> aldaar.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66936091">.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding{color:#ff0000;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding span{font-size:larger}</style></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lysenkoïsme&oldid=68216381">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lysenkoïsme&oldid=68216381</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geschiedenis_van_de_biologie" title="Categorie:Geschiedenis van de biologie">Geschiedenis van de biologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pseudowetenschap" title="Categorie:Pseudowetenschap">Pseudowetenschap</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Landbouw_in_de_Sovjet-Unie" title="Categorie:Landbouw in de Sovjet-Unie">Landbouw in de Sovjet-Unie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 7 okt 2024 om 10:15.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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