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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="eo" dir="ltr" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>eo:acl [DokuWiki]</title> <meta name="generator" content="DokuWiki"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#008800"/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <meta name="keywords" content="eo,acl"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/lib/exe/opensearch.php" title="DokuWiki"/> <link rel="start" href="/"/> <link rel="contents" href="/eo:acl?do=index" title="Indekso"/> <link rel="manifest" href="/lib/exe/manifest.php"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Freŝaj ŝanĝoj" href="/feed.php"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Aktuala nomspaco" href="/feed.php?mode=list&ns=eo"/> <link rel="edit" title="Redakti la paĝon" href="/eo:acl?do=edit"/> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" title="Plena HTML" href="/_export/xhtml/eo:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" type="text/plain" title="Vikiteksto" href="/_export/raw/eo:acl"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/eo:acl"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/exe/css.php?t=dokuwiki&tseed=f1005bad3d81fc9c803c7f93d32a390e"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="cs" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/cs:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/de:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/es:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fa" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/fa:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/fr:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/it:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/ja:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ko" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/ko:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="nl" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/nl:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/pl:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt-br" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/pt-br:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/ru:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="uk" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/uk:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/zh:acl"/> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://www.dokuwiki.org/acl"/> <script >var NS='eo';var JSINFO = {"plugins":{"edittable":{"default columnwidth":""}},"id":"eo:acl","namespace":"eo","ACT":"show","useHeadingNavigation":0,"useHeadingContent":0};(function(H){H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);</script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.4/jquery.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.13.2/jquery-ui.min.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="/lib/exe/js.php?t=dokuwiki&tseed=f1005bad3d81fc9c803c7f93d32a390e&lang=eo" defer="defer"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/images/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/images/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <meta name="verify-v1" content="OVxl3gsCv2MhZqh1cBQyl0JytWXSwXMjyvwc+4w3WtA=" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="YhTVK69hW94ZXUtc2zSLPxTkZKbZIn0zK67mz5WQB-E" />  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-83791-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-83791-1', { 'anonymize_ip': true }); </script> </head> <body> <div id="dokuwiki__site"><div id="dokuwiki__top" class="site dokuwiki mode_show tpl_dokuwiki showSidebar hasSidebar">  <header id="dokuwiki__header"><div class="pad group"> <div class="headings group"> <ul class="a11y skip"> <li><a href="#dokuwiki__content">al la enhavo</a></li> </ul> <h1 class="logo"><a href="/start" accesskey="h" title="Home [h]"><img src="/lib/tpl/dokuwiki/images/logo.png" width="64" height="64" alt="" /><span>DokuWiki</span></a></h1> <p class="claim">It's better when it's simple</p> </div> <div class="tools group">  <div id="dokuwiki__usertools"> <h3 class="a11y">Uzantaj iloj</h3> <ul> <li class="action login"><a href="/eo:acl?do=login&sectok=" title="Ensaluti" rel="nofollow"><span>Ensaluti</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 17.25V14H3v-4h7V6.75L15.25 12 10 17.25M8 2h9a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v16a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4h2v4h9V4H8v4H6V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2z"/></svg></a></li> </ul> </div>  <div id="dokuwiki__sitetools"> <h3 class="a11y">Retejaj iloj</h3> <form action="/start" method="get" role="search" class="search doku_form" id="dw__search" accept-charset="utf-8"><input type="hidden" name="do" value="search" /><input type="hidden" name="id" value="eo:acl" /><div class="no"><input name="q" type="text" class="edit" title="[F]" accesskey="f" placeholder="Serĉi" autocomplete="on" id="qsearch__in" value="" /><button value="1" type="submit" title="Serĉi">Serĉi</button><div id="qsearch__out" class="ajax_qsearch JSpopup"></div></div></form> <div class="mobileTools"> <form action="/doku.php" method="get" accept-charset="utf-8"><div class="no"><input type="hidden" name="id" value="eo:acl" /><select name="do" class="edit quickselect" title="Iloj"><option value="">Iloj</option><optgroup label="Paĝaj iloj"><option value="edit">Redakti la paĝon</option><option value="revisions">Malnovaj revizioj</option><option value="backlink">Retroligoj</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Retejaj iloj"><option value="recent">Freŝaj ŝanĝoj</option><option value="media">Medio-administrilo</option><option value="index">Indekso</option></optgroup><optgroup label="Uzantaj iloj"><option value="login">Ensaluti</option></optgroup></select><button type="submit">></button></div></form> </div> <ul> <li class="action recent"><a href="/eo:acl?do=recent" title="Freŝaj ŝanĝoj [r]" rel="nofollow" accesskey="r">Freŝaj ŝanĝoj</a></li><li class="action media"><a href="/eo:acl?do=media&ns=eo" title="Medio-administrilo" rel="nofollow">Medio-administrilo</a></li><li class="action index"><a href="/eo:acl?do=index" title="Indekso [x]" rel="nofollow" accesskey="x">Indekso</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="breadcrumbs"> <div class="trace"><span class="bchead">Paŝoj:</span> <span class="bcsep">•</span> <span class="curid"><bdi><a href="/eo:acl" class="breadcrumbs" title="eo:acl">acl</a></bdi></span></div> </div> <hr class="a11y" /> </div></header> <div class="wrapper group">  <nav id="dokuwiki__aside" aria-label="Flanka strio"><div class="pad aside include group"> <h3 class="toggle">Flanka strio</h3> <div class="content"><div class="group"> <div class="notify">Tiu traduko estas pli malnova ol la <a href="/acl" class="wikilink1">origina paĝo</a> kaj povus esti malaktuala. Vidi kio <a href="/acl?do=diff" class="wikilink1">ŝanĝiĝis</a>.</div><div class="plugin_translation is-dropdown"><span class="title">Tradukoj de tiu paĝo<sup><a href="/localization" class="wikilink1" title="localization" data-wiki-id="localization">?</a></sup>: </span><ul><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="English" href="/acl">English (en)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="|العربية" href="/ar:acl">|العربية (ar)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="Català" href="/ca:acl">Català (ca)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="Česky" href="/cs:acl">Česky (cs)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="Dansk" href="/da:acl">Dansk (da)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="Deutsch" href="/de:acl">Deutsch (de)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="Ελληνικά" href="/el:acl">Ελληνικά (el)</a></li><li class="span"><span class="wikilink1" title="Esperanto">Esperanto (eo)</span></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="Español" href="/es:acl">Español (es)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="فارسی" href="/fa:acl">فارسی (fa)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="Français" href="/fr:acl">Français (fr)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="עברית" href="/he:acl">עברית (he)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="Magyar" href="/hu:acl">Magyar (hu)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="Italiano" href="/it:acl">Italiano (it)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="日本語" href="/ja:acl">日本語 (ja)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="한국어" href="/ko:acl">한국어 (ko)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="Lietuvių Kalba" href="/lt:acl">Lietuvių Kalba (lt)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="Nederlands" href="/nl:acl">Nederlands (nl)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="Norsk" href="/no:acl">Norsk (no)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="Polski" href="/pl:acl">Polski (pl)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="Português" href="/pt-br:acl">Português (pt-br)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="Română" href="/ro:acl">Română (ro)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="Русский" href="/ru:acl">Русский (ru)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="Српски Језик" href="/sr:acl">Српски Језик (sr)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="Svenska" href="/sv:acl">Svenska (sv)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="ไทย" href="/th:acl">ไทย (th)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="Українська" href="/uk:acl">Українська (uk)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink1" title="中文" href="/zh:acl">中文 (zh)</a></li><li class="a"><a class="wikilink2" title="繁體中文" href="/zh-tw:acl">繁體中文 (zh-tw)</a></li></ul></div> <p> <strong>Kleriĝu pri DokuWiki</strong> </p> <ul> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/features" class="wikilink1" title="features" data-wiki-id="features">Trajtoj</a> & <a href="/blogroll" class="wikilink1" title="blogroll" data-wiki-id="blogroll">Recenzoj</a> </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/install" class="wikilink1" title="install" data-wiki-id="install">Kiel instali</a></div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/manual" class="wikilink1" title="manual" data-wiki-id="manual">Manlibro</a> & <a href="/wiki:syntax" class="wikilink1" title="wiki:syntax" data-wiki-id="wiki:syntax">Sintakso</a></div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/eo:changes" class="wikilink1" title="eo:changes" data-wiki-id="eo:changes">Ŝanĝoj</a></div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/faq" class="wikilink1" title="faq" data-wiki-id="faq">Oftaj demandoj</a></div> </li> </ul> <p> <strong>Progresinta uzado</strong> </p> <ul> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/extensions" class="wikilink1" title="extensions" data-wiki-id="extensions">Kromaĵoj</a></div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/development" class="wikilink1" title="development" data-wiki-id="development">Evoluiganta manlibro</a></div> </li> </ul> <p> <strong>Uzado en firmaoj</strong> </p> <ul> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/faq:support" class="wikilink1" title="faq:support" data-wiki-id="faq:support">Ricevi subtenon</a></div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/donate" class="wikilink1" title="donate" data-wiki-id="donate">Donacoj</a></div> </li> </ul> <p> <strong>Nia komunumo</strong> </p> <ul> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/teams:getting_involved" class="wikilink1" title="teams:getting_involved" data-wiki-id="teams:getting_involved">Kunlaboru</a></div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="http://forum.dokuwiki.org" class="urlextern" title="http://forum.dokuwiki.org">Forumo de uzantoj</a></div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/newsletter" class="wikilink1" title="newsletter" data-wiki-id="newsletter">Novaĵletero</a></div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/mailinglist" class="wikilink1" title="mailinglist" data-wiki-id="mailinglist">Dissendolisto por evoluigantoj</a></div> </li> </ul> <hr /> <p> Sekvu nin ĉe <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/DokuWiki/52877633616" class="urlextern" title="http://www.facebook.com/pages/DokuWiki/52877633616">Facebook</a>, <a href="http://twitter.com/dokuwiki" class="urlextern" title="http://twitter.com/dokuwiki">Twitter</a> kaj aliaj <a href="/social" class="wikilink1" title="social" data-wiki-id="social">sociaj retoj</a>. </p> </div></div> </div></nav>  <main id="dokuwiki__content"><div class="pad group"> <div class="pageId"><span>eo:acl</span></div> <div class="page group">   <div id="dw__toc" class="dw__toc"> <h3 class="toggle">Enhavtabelo</h3> <div> <ul class="toc"> <li class="level1"><div class="li"><a href="#alirkontrolo">Alirkontrolo</a></div> <ul class="toc"> <li class="level2"><div class="li"><a href="#konfigurado">Konfigurado</a></div></li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"><a href="#uzantoadministrado">Uzantoadministrado</a></div></li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"><a href="#alirlimigoj">Alirlimigoj</a></div></li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"><a href="#background_info">Background Info</a></div></li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"><a href="#user_wildcards">User Wildcards</a></div> <ul class="toc"> <li class="level3"><div class="li"><a href="#create_permission_for_page_dynamic_private_user_pages">Create Permission for Page (Dynamic, Private User Pages)</a></div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"><a href="#discussion">Discussion</a></div></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <h1 class="sectionedit1" id="alirkontrolo">Alirkontrolo</h1> <div class="level1"> <p> <a href="/eo:dokuwiki" class="wikilink1" title="eo:dokuwiki" data-wiki-id="eo:dokuwiki">DokuWiki</a> – kiel plej multaj <strong>vikioj</strong> – estas tre malferma dekomence. Ĉiu rajtas krei, modifi kaj forigi paĝojn. Tamen foje havas sencon limigi aliron al iuj aŭ eĉ ĉiuj paĝoj. Tie <em>AlirKontrolaj Listoj</em> (AKL) eniras la ludon. Tiu paĝo devus doni al vi ideon kiel AKLoj funkcias en DokuWiki, kaj kiel ili estas agorditaj. </p> <p> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/exclaim.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":!:" /> <strong>AVERTO:</strong> AKLoj de DokuWiki ekzistas nun kelkan tempon kaj devus esti sufiĉe stabilaj. Tamen, se vi timas la riskon, ke nerajtigito povus aliri informojn en via vikio, vi neniam metu ĝin en komputilon alireblan tra la interreto… </p> </div> <div class="secedit editbutton_section editbutton_1"><form class="button btn_secedit" method="post" action="/eo:acl"><div class="no"><input type="hidden" name="do" value="edit" /><input type="hidden" name="rev" value="1252692351" /><input type="hidden" name="summary" value="[Alirkontrolo] " /><input type="hidden" name="target" value="section" /><input type="hidden" name="hid" value="alirkontrolo" /><input type="hidden" name="codeblockOffset" value="0" /><input type="hidden" name="range" value="1-607" /><button type="submit" title="Alirkontrolo">Redakti</button></div></form></div> <h2 class="sectionedit2" id="konfigurado">Konfigurado</h2> <div class="level2"> <p> Por ebligi AKL en DokuWiki vi bezonas almenaŭ unu defaŭltan alirkontrolan liston. Simple kopiu la ekzemplajn dosierojn <code>conf/acl.auth.php.dist</code> kaj <code>conf/users.auth.php.dist</code> al <code>conf/acl.auth.php</code> respoektive <code>conf/users.auth.php</code>, kaj la ensaluta paĝo devus funkcii. Se vi ricevas erarmesaĝon “Ankoraŭ neniu AKL-agordo! Aliro al ĉiuj malpermesite.”, certigu, ke la komenca teksto en la dosiero acl.auth.php estas “<em>acl</em>.auth.php”, kaj ne “<em>users</em>.auth.php”. Vi ankaŭ devas plenigi iujn <a href="/eo:config" class="wikilink2" title="eo:config" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="eo:config">config</a>-opciojn. Ni rigardu specimenon, kiun vi povas kopii al via <code>local.php</code> por ebligi la defaŭltan plentekstan aŭtentikadon kun publika registrado: </p> <p> Bonvolu atenti, ke ĉiuj sekvaj agordoj povas esti farataj per la konfigurada asistanto en la administra menuo! </p> <pre class="code php"> <span class="re0">$conf</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="st_h">'useacl'</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="co1">// tio aktivigas AKL</span> <span class="re0">$conf</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="st_h">'superuser'</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="st_h">'@admin'</span><span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="co1">// grupo 'admin' estas la administranto</span></pre> <p> <a href="/config:useacl" class="wikilink1" title="config:useacl" data-wiki-id="config:useacl">useacl</a> aktivigas AKL. Kiam ĝi estas enŝaltita, butono “Ensalutu” aperas sub ĉiu vikipaĝo, kaj uzantoj povas registri sin mem. La opcio <a href="/config:superuser" class="wikilink1" title="config:superuser" data-wiki-id="config:superuser">administranto</a> difinas, kiu rajtas fari ĉion en DokuWiki (inkluzive aldoni novajn AKL-limigojn) - ĝi povas esti aŭ unusola uzanto aŭ grupo (markita per komenca <code>@</code>). Kiam vi agordas DokuWiki kun AKL de nulo pere de foliumilo, klaku la “Ensaluti”-butonon, sekvu la ligilon “registri”, kaj registru minimume unu uzanton. (Se vi ne vidas registran ligilon, la rajtoj de <em>conf/users.auth.php</em> aŭ <em>conf/acl.auth.php</em> estas malĝustaj, kaj neniuj novaj datenoj povas esti aldonitaj al ĝi.) Tiam modifu <code>conf/users.auth.php</code> kaj avancigu minimume unu uzanton de “user” al “admin”. Ekde tiam haveblas aldona butono “Administri”, se vi ensalutis kiel uzanto apartenanta al la administra grupo “admin”. </p> <p> Tiupunkte aldona sekureca trajto povas esti aktivata. Por malpermesi, ke uzantoj mem registras sin, aldonu 'register' al la opcio 'disableactions': </p> <pre class="code php"> <span class="re0">$conf</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="st_h">'disableactions'</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="st_h">'register'</span><span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="co1">// uzantoj ne plu povas </span> <span class="co1">// registri sin mem</span></pre> <p> La malnova maniero por tio estis en la arkaiĝinta opcio <a href="/config:openregister" class="wikilink2" title="config:openregister" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="config:openregister">openregister</a>. </p> <p> Se tiu konduto estas dezirata, uzantoj povas esti aldonataj nur de administranto (aŭ tra la administra menuo aŭ tra rekta modifo de <code>conf/users.auth.php</code>). </p> <p> Ekzistas aldonaj opcioj kontroli aspektojn de AKL, sed por multaj la standardaj agordoj sufiĉos. </p> <pre class="code php"><span class="re0">$conf</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="st_h">'autopasswd'</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="nu0">1</span><span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="co1">// aŭtomate kreu pasvortojn kaj sendu retpoŝte</span> <span class="re0">$conf</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="st_h">'passcrypt'</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="st_h">'smd5'</span><span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="co1">// Uzu kaŝigan metodon </span> <span class="co1">// (smd5,md5,sha1,ssha,crypt,mysql,my411)</span> <span class="re0">$conf</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="st_h">'defaultgroup'</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="st_h">'user'</span><span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="co1">// standarda grupo, al kiu novaj uzantoj aldoniĝas</span> <span class="re0">$conf</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="st_h">'profileconfirm'</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="st_h">'1'</span><span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="co1">// bezonas aktualan pasvorton por konfirmi</span> <span class="co1">// ŝanĝojn en la uzanta profilo</span> <span class="re0">$conf</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="st_h">'authtype'</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="st_h">'plain'</span><span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="co1">// plenteksta bazo (standarda)</span></pre> <ul> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Ŝanĝu <a href="/config:autopasswd" class="wikilink1" title="config:autopasswd" data-wiki-id="config:autopasswd">autopasswd</a> al 0 por ebligi al uzantoj elekti propran pasvorton dum registrado. Kiel flankefiko ne plu estas garantio, ke la uzanto uzas validan retpoŝtadreson. </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/config:passcrypt" class="wikilink1" title="config:passcrypt" data-wiki-id="config:passcrypt">passcrypt</a> difinas la enkriptan metodon por savitaj pasvortoj. </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> <a href="/config:defaultgroup" class="wikilink1" title="config:defaultgroup" data-wiki-id="config:defaultgroup">defaultgroup</a> klarigas sin mem: ĉiuj novaj uzantoj estos standarde aldonitaj tien.</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Metu <a href="/config:profileconfirm" class="wikilink1" title="config:profileconfirm" data-wiki-id="config:profileconfirm">profileconfirm</a> al 0, se uzantoj rajtu ŝanĝi sian profilon (plena nomo, pasvorto kaj retpoŝtadreso) sen konfirmi sian aktualan pasvorton.</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> DokuWiki povas uzi diversajn manierojn uzantajn kaj grupajn datenojn. Standarde ĝi uzas sian propran <a href="/eo:auth:plain" class="wikilink2" title="eo:auth:plain" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="eo:auth:plain">plentekst</a>an bazon. La bazo estas elektita per la opcio <a href="/config:authtype" class="wikilink1" title="config:authtype" data-wiki-id="config:authtype">authtype</a>. Rigardu la <a href="/eo:auth" class="wikilink2" title="eo:auth" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="eo:auth">bazo</a>-paĝon por vidi haveblajn elektojn.</div> </li> </ul> <p> …. </p> </div> <div class="secedit editbutton_section editbutton_2"><form class="button btn_secedit" method="post" action="/eo:acl"><div class="no"><input type="hidden" name="do" value="edit" /><input type="hidden" name="rev" value="1252692351" /><input type="hidden" name="summary" value="[Konfigurado] " /><input type="hidden" name="target" value="section" /><input type="hidden" name="hid" value="konfigurado" /><input type="hidden" name="codeblockOffset" value="0" /><input type="hidden" name="range" value="608-4430" /><button type="submit" title="Konfigurado">Redakti</button></div></form></div> <h2 class="sectionedit3" id="uzantoadministrado">Uzantoadministrado</h2> <div class="level2"> <p> Uzantoj povas esti aldonataj, forigataj kaj modifataj per la <a href="/plugin:usermanager" class="wikilink1" title="plugin:usermanager" data-wiki-id="plugin:usermanager">uzantoadministrilo</a>. Rigardu la priskribojn en <a href="/eo:auth:plain" class="wikilink2" title="eo:auth:plain" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="eo:auth:plain">plain backend</a> por aldoni uzantojn permane. Standarde uzantoj povas registri sin mem. </p> <p> Rigardu ankaŭ: <a href="/faq:regdisable" class="wikilink1" title="faq:regdisable" data-wiki-id="faq:regdisable">FAQ: How to disable open user registration</a> </p> </div> <div class="secedit editbutton_section editbutton_3"><form class="button btn_secedit" method="post" action="/eo:acl"><div class="no"><input type="hidden" name="do" value="edit" /><input type="hidden" name="rev" value="1252692351" /><input type="hidden" name="summary" value="[Uzantoadministrado] " /><input type="hidden" name="target" value="section" /><input type="hidden" name="hid" value="uzantoadministrado" /><input type="hidden" name="codeblockOffset" value="3" /><input type="hidden" name="range" value="4431-4774" /><button type="submit" title="Uzantoadministrado">Redakti</button></div></form></div> <h2 class="sectionedit4" id="alirlimigoj">Alirlimigoj</h2> <div class="level2"> <p> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/fixme.svg" class="icon smiley" alt="FIXME" /> Ekde rc2008-04-11 nova AKL manager is shipped with DokuWiki. it uses radiobuttons instead of checkbuttons, and it is quite confusing how to apply the below logic to the new widget. Note: as mentioned below, higher access rights include all access rights below. So a radio button activates all rights from the left. For the new widget, it is probably better to read the next paragraph, <a href="#background_info" title="eo:acl ↵" class="wikilink1">Background Info</a>. </p> <p> Access restrictions can be bound to <a href="/eo:pagename" class="wikilink1" title="eo:pagename" data-wiki-id="eo:pagename">pages</a> and <a href="/eo:namespaces" class="wikilink1" title="eo:namespaces" data-wiki-id="eo:namespaces">namespaces</a>. There are five permissions: <em>read</em>, <em>edit</em>, <em>create</em>, <em>upload</em> and <em>delete</em>. Each higher permission contains the lower ones, with read being the lowest and delete the highest one. You should note that create, upload and delete permissions can only be assigned to namespaces. </p> <p> When DokuWiki checks which rights it should give to a user, it uses all rules matching the user's name or the groups he or she is in. The rule that provides a users permission is chosen according to the following process: </p> <ul> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> rules which match closer to the namespace:page are preferred over rules which match further away.</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> when more than one rule matches at the same level, the rule giving the highest access level is preferred.</div> </li> </ul> <p> To help understand this process, consider the <abbr title="Access Control List">ACL</abbr> listing below, and some people trying to access private:bobspage </p> <pre class="file">* @ALL 1 #1 grant all users read access to the wiki * @users 2 #2 grant logged in users edit access to existing pages throughout the wiki * @staff 16 #3 allow members of the staff group full access to the wiki private:* @ALL 0 #4 prevent access to everyone, including logged in users private:* @staff 16 #5 counter rule #4 above, to allow staff members access to this namespace private:bobspage bob 16 #6 allow bob to access his page</pre> <ol> <li class="level1 node"><div class="li"> abby, a regular user</div> <ul> <li class="level2"><div class="li"> three rules match, #1, #2, #4.</div> </li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"> rule #4 is closest, it matches at the namespace level so it takes precedence over the other three</div> </li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"> abby's permissions level is 0</div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="level1 node"><div class="li"> bob, a regular user</div> <ul> <li class="level2"><div class="li"> four rules match, #1, #2, #4, #6</div> </li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"> rule #6 wins as its an exact match</div> </li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"> bob's permission level is 16</div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="level1 node"><div class="li"> bob forgets to login and tries to access his page</div> <ul> <li class="level2"><div class="li"> two rules match, #1 & #4</div> </li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"> rule #4 is closer, it wins</div> </li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"> bob's permission level while not logged in is 0</div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="level1 node"><div class="li"> charlie, a staff member</div> <ul> <li class="level2"><div class="li"> five rules match, #1 - #5</div> </li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"> two rules match at namespace level, #5 gives charlie the higher permission so it wins</div> </li> <li class="level2"><div class="li"> charlie's permission level is 16</div> </li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p> Note rule #5 which appears to duplicate rule #3, without it staff members wouldn't be able to access the private namespace as rule #4 would keep them out. </p> <p> To add a restriction rule, browse to the page you want to restrict and enter the administration interface by pressing the <code>Admin</code> button (only available to the <a href="/config:superuser" class="wikilink1" title="config:superuser" data-wiki-id="config:superuser">superuser</a>). There select <em>Access Control List Management</em>. You're then presented with a table like the following, showing you all restrictions relevant to the current page. </p> <p> <a href="/_detail/wiki:acladmin.png?id=eo%3Aacl" class="media" title="wiki:acladmin.png"><img src="/_media/wiki:acladmin.png" class="media" loading="lazy" title="Example of an ACL-Restriction" alt="Example of an ACL-Restriction" /></a> </p> <p> Restrictions are added in the top row of the table. You need to select the scope, which can be either the current page itself, or one of the namespaces it is in <sup><a href="#fn__1" id="fnt__1" class="fn_top">1)</a></sup>. You also need to choose who you want to give (or deny) access to; this can either be a group or a user. And finally, you need to select the actual permissions you want. Selecting none effectively locks out the specified user or group from the page or namespace.. </p> <p> Note: The delete permission affects media files only. Pages can be deleted (and restored) by everyone with at least edit permission. Someone who has upload permissions but no delete permissions can not overwrite existing media files anymore. </p> </div> <h4 id="special_groups">Special Groups</h4> <div class="level4"> <p> <strong>ALL</strong>. Everyone, even users not logged in, is a member of the ALL group. You can use this group to restrict access for all users (as a default setting) and then relax the permissions for some selected users. For example, in the screenshot above, no one is allowed to upload, except members of the <code>upload</code> group. </p> <p> <strong>user</strong>. All self-registered users are by default automatically a member of the group 'user'. Use this to give permissions to 'logged-in' users. The name of this group is configured through the <a href="/config:defaultgroup" class="wikilink1" title="config:defaultgroup" data-wiki-id="config:defaultgroup">defaultgroup</a> option. Other than the virtual “ALL” group, the “user” group is a real group to which all users are added automatically when using the plain auth backend. If you use another backend you need to use the groups provided by this backend. </p> </div> <div class="secedit editbutton_section editbutton_4"><form class="button btn_secedit" method="post" action="/eo:acl"><div class="no"><input type="hidden" name="do" value="edit" /><input type="hidden" name="rev" value="1252692351" /><input type="hidden" name="summary" value="[Alirlimigoj] " /><input type="hidden" name="target" value="section" /><input type="hidden" name="hid" value="alirlimigoj" /><input type="hidden" name="codeblockOffset" value="3" /><input type="hidden" name="range" value="4775-9466" /><button type="submit" title="Alirlimigoj">Redakti</button></div></form></div> <h2 class="sectionedit5" id="background_info">Background Info</h2> <div class="level2"> <p> Access restrictions are saved in a file called <code>conf/acl.auth.php</code>, which should be writable by the webserver if you want to use the <abbr title="Access Control List">ACL</abbr> admin interface. <img src="/lib/images/smileys/exclaim.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":!:" /> It is not recommended to edit this file manually. Use the admin interface instead. </p> <p> Empty lines and shellstyle comments are ignored. Each line contains 3 whitespace separated fields: </p> <ul> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> The resource to restrict. This can either be a <a href="/eo:pagename" class="wikilink1" title="eo:pagename" data-wiki-id="eo:pagename">pagename</a> or a <a href="/eo:namespaces" class="wikilink1" title="eo:namespaces" data-wiki-id="eo:namespaces">namespace</a>. Namespaces are marked by an additional asterisk (see examples below)</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> A group or user name. Groupnames are marked by a leading <code>@</code> character</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> A permission level (see below)</div> </li> </ul> <p> There are 7 permission levels represented by an integer. Higher levels include lower ones. If you can edit you can read, too. However the <em>admin</em> permission of <em>255</em> should never be used in the <code>conf/acl.auth.php</code> file. It is only used internally by matching against the <a href="/config:superuser" class="wikilink1" title="config:superuser" data-wiki-id="config:superuser">superuser</a> option. </p> <div class="table sectionedit6"><table class="inline"> <thead> <tr class="row0"> <th class="col0 leftalign"> Name </th><th class="col1"> Level </th><th class="col2 leftalign"> applies to </th><th class="col3 leftalign"> Permission </th><th class="col4"> DokuWiki constant </th> </tr> </thead> <tr class="row1"> <td class="col0 leftalign"> none </td><td class="col1 centeralign"> 0 </td><td class="col2"> pages, namespaces </td><td class="col3 leftalign"> no permission – complete lock out </td><td class="col4 leftalign"> AUTH_NONE </td> </tr> <tr class="row2"> <td class="col0 leftalign"> read </td><td class="col1 centeralign"> 1 </td><td class="col2"> pages, namespaces </td><td class="col3 leftalign"> read permission </td><td class="col4 leftalign"> AUTH_READ </td> </tr> <tr class="row3"> <td class="col0 leftalign"> edit </td><td class="col1 centeralign"> 2 </td><td class="col2"> pages, namespaces </td><td class="col3 leftalign"> existing pages may be edited </td><td class="col4 leftalign"> AUTH_EDIT </td> </tr> <tr class="row4"> <td class="col0"> create </td><td class="col1 centeralign"> 4 </td><td class="col2 leftalign"> namespaces </td><td class="col3 leftalign"> new pages can be created </td><td class="col4 leftalign"> AUTH_CREATE </td> </tr> <tr class="row5"> <td class="col0"> upload </td><td class="col1 centeralign"> 8 </td><td class="col2 leftalign"> namespaces </td><td class="col3 leftalign"> mediafiles may be uploaded </td><td class="col4 leftalign"> AUTH_UPLOAD </td> </tr> <tr class="row6"> <td class="col0"> delete </td><td class="col1 centeralign"> 16 </td><td class="col2 leftalign"> namespaces </td><td class="col3"> mediafiles may be overwritten or deleted </td><td class="col4 leftalign"> AUTH_DELETE </td> </tr> <tr class="row7"> <td class="col0 leftalign"> admin </td><td class="col1 centeralign"> 255 </td><td class="col2 leftalign"> admin plugins </td><td class="col3 leftalign"> superuser<sup><a href="#fn__2" id="fnt__2" class="fn_top">2)</a></sup> can change admin settings </td><td class="col4 leftalign"> AUTH_ADMIN </td> </tr> </table></div> <div class="secedit editbutton_table editbutton_6"><form class="button btn_secedit" method="post" action="/eo:acl"><div class="no"><input type="hidden" name="do" value="edit" /><input type="hidden" name="rev" value="1252692351" /><input type="hidden" name="summary" value="[Tabelo] " /><input type="hidden" name="target" value="table" /><input type="hidden" name="hid" value="table" /><input type="hidden" name="range" value="10413-11256" /><button type="submit" title="Tabelo">Redakti</button></div></form></div> <p> Here is an example: </p> <pre class="file">* @ALL 4 * bigboss 16 start @ALL 1 marketing:* @marketing 8 devel:* @ALL 0 devel:* @devel 8 devel:* bigboss 16 devel:funstuff bigboss 0 devel:* @marketing 1 devel:marketing @marketing 2</pre> <p> Lets go through it line by line (though see below for more): </p> <ol> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> This sets permission for the main namespace. Allowing everybody to edit and create pages. However upload is not allowed.</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> User <em>bigboss</em> is given full rights</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> The permissions for the start page are restricted to readonly for everyone</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Then the permissions for the namespace <code>marketing</code> are set. All members of the <em>marketing</em> group are allowed to upload there - other users will be matched by line 1 so they can still create and edit. <em>bigboss</em> inherits his rights from line 2 so he can upload and delete files.</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Now the access for the <code>devel</code> namespace is restricted. Nobody is allowed to do anything.</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> Well not nobody really – we give members of the <em>devel</em> group full rights here</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> And of course <em>bigboss</em> is allowed, too – and he's the only who can delete uploaded files </div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> However the devel guys don't want their boss to see the <code>funstuff</code> page – remember exact pagematches override namespace permissions</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> And the <em>marketing</em> team may read everything in the <code>devel</code> namespace, too</div> </li> <li class="level1"><div class="li"> And finally the <em>marketing</em> guys are allowed to edit the <code>devel:marketing</code> page as well.</div> </li> </ol> <p> Please note, that <strong>order does not matter</strong> in the file. The file is parsed as whole, then a perfect match for the current page/user combo is searched for. When a match is found further matching is aborted. If no match is found, group permissions for the current page are checked. If no match is found the check continues in the next higher namespace. </p> <p> You can see this in the above example on the permissions for user <em>bigboss</em>. He is given full access in line 2, but needs to get full access for the devel:* namespace in line 7 again. If this line weren't there, the first match for user <em>bigboss</em> for a page inside the devel namespace would be line 5, because <em>bigboss</em> is member of the magic <em>ALL</em> group. </p> <p> Note: To configure users or groups with special chars (like whitespaces) you need to <abbr title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</abbr> escape them. This only applies to specialchars in the lower 128 byte range. The <abbr title="Access Control List">ACL</abbr> file uses UTF-8 encoding so any multibytechars can be written as is. This only applies when a backend different from the <a href="/eo:auth:plain" class="wikilink2" title="eo:auth:plain" rel="nofollow" data-wiki-id="eo:auth:plain">plain</a> one is used – the plain backend does not allow any special chars anyway. </p> </div> <div class="secedit editbutton_section editbutton_5"><form class="button btn_secedit" method="post" action="/eo:acl"><div class="no"><input type="hidden" name="do" value="edit" /><input type="hidden" name="rev" value="1252692351" /><input type="hidden" name="summary" value="[Background Info] " /><input type="hidden" name="target" value="section" /><input type="hidden" name="hid" value="background_info" /><input type="hidden" name="codeblockOffset" value="4" /><input type="hidden" name="range" value="9467-13952" /><button type="submit" title="Background Info">Redakti</button></div></form></div> <h2 class="sectionedit7" id="user_wildcards">User Wildcards</h2> <div class="level2"> <p> As of the 2007-96-26b DokuWiki version it's possible to use Group wildcards in the ACLs. This can be useful for Wikis with many registered users, if you want to give each user a personal namespace where only he/she has write access, and you don't want to edit the ACLs for each user. To accomplish that <code>%USER%</code> is replaced by the username of the currently logged in user. In the following example a logged in user gains upload/delete permissions for the <code>people:<username></code> page and the <code>people:<username></code> namespace. </p> <pre class="file">people:%USER% %USER% 16 people:%USER%:* %USER% 16</pre> <p> <img src="/lib/images/smileys/exclaim.svg" class="icon smiley" alt=":!:" /><strong>Note:</strong> The wildcard was recently changed from @ to % in the latest version. </p> </div> <div class="secedit editbutton_section editbutton_7"><form class="button btn_secedit" method="post" action="/eo:acl"><div class="no"><input type="hidden" name="do" value="edit" /><input type="hidden" name="rev" value="1252692351" /><input type="hidden" name="summary" value="[User Wildcards] " /><input type="hidden" name="target" value="section" /><input type="hidden" name="hid" value="user_wildcards" /><input type="hidden" name="codeblockOffset" value="5" /><input type="hidden" name="range" value="13953-14664" /><button type="submit" title="User Wildcards">Redakti</button></div></form></div> <h3 class="sectionedit8" id="create_permission_for_page_dynamic_private_user_pages">Create Permission for Page (Dynamic, Private User Pages)</h3> <div class="level3"> <p> If you are trying to create dynamic user pages (as opposed to user name spaces in the above example) and don't want to have to create the user's page after they register, you will need to modify the <abbr title="Access Control List">ACL</abbr> plugin to allow CREATE permission for pages: </p> <p> <strong>Allow create permissions for pages (non-existant pages):</strong> </p> <p> <strong>1)</strong> EDIT: /lib/plugins/acl/admin.php (Allow <abbr title="Access Control List">ACL</abbr> to save CREATE perms for page) </p> <p> Line 662 within function <strong>_html_checkboxes(…)</strong>, change: </p> <pre class="code php"><span class="kw1">if</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="re0">$ispage</span> <span class="sy0">&&</span> <span class="re0">$perm</span> <span class="sy0">></span> AUTH_EDIT<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">{</span></pre> <p> to </p> <pre class="code php"><span class="kw1">if</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="re0">$ispage</span> <span class="sy0">&&</span> <span class="re0">$perm</span> <span class="sy0">></span> AUTH_CREATE<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">{</span></pre> <p> <strong>2)</strong> EDIT: /inc/auth.php (Prevent encoding of user wildcard) </p> <p> Line 521 in function <strong>auth_nameencode(…)</strong>, insert the code as shown: </p> <pre class="code php"><span class="kw2">function</span> auth_nameencode<span class="br0">(</span><span class="re0">$name</span><span class="sy0">,</span><span class="re0">$skip_group</span><span class="sy0">=</span><span class="kw4">false</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw2">global</span> <span class="re0">$cache_authname</span><span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="re0">$cache</span> <span class="sy0">=&</span> <span class="re0">$cache_authname</span><span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="re0">$name</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="br0">(</span>string<span class="br0">)</span> <span class="re0">$name</span><span class="sy0">;</span>   <span class="co1">// *** Insert the Below code:</span> <span class="kw1">if</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="re0">$name</span> <span class="sy0">==</span> <span class="st_h">'%USER%'</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">{</span> <span class="kw1">return</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="re0">$name</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy0">;</span> <span class="br0">}</span> <span class="co1">// *** Insert the Above code.</span>   <span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy0">!</span><a href="http://www.php.net/isset"><span class="kw3">isset</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="re0">$cache</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="re0">$name</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">[</span><span class="re0">$skip_group</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="sy0">...</span></pre> <p> Without these changes, your wildcard auth rule like the following will constantly get overwritten by the <abbr title="Access Control List">ACL</abbr>: </p> <pre class="file">people:%USER% %USER% 4</pre> <p> The above rule creates a private user page for each user in the people namespace with the page name the same as the username. — <em>Sherri 2009/02/25 15:22</em> </p> </div> <div class="secedit editbutton_section editbutton_8"><form class="button btn_secedit" method="post" action="/eo:acl"><div class="no"><input type="hidden" name="do" value="edit" /><input type="hidden" name="rev" value="1252692351" /><input type="hidden" name="summary" value="[Create Permission for Page (Dynamic, Private User Pages)] " /><input type="hidden" name="target" value="section" /><input type="hidden" name="hid" value="create_permission_for_page_dynamic_private_user_pages" /><input type="hidden" name="codeblockOffset" value="6" /><input type="hidden" name="range" value="14665-16066" /><button type="submit" title="Create Permission for Page (Dynamic, Private User Pages)">Redakti</button></div></form></div> <h2 class="sectionedit9" id="discussion">Discussion</h2> <div class="level2"> <p> The <abbr title="Access Control List">ACL</abbr> system currently doesn't trigger any events. Please consider this for future versions. <em>-jmiller 2008-11-14</em> </p> <p> It is impossible to use the values created by Apache authentification. <em>-user 2008-12-10</em> </p> <p> Can't use comma separated user list for one <abbr title="Access Control List">ACL</abbr> rule. Is something wrong? <em>-Vovaz 2009-02-24</em> </p> <p> Could anyone comment on how the <abbr title="Access Control List">ACL</abbr> system handles media files? I just can't figure out how this works!<br/> To be more precise: How isread/view access to media (/data/media) files handled? Is this always “in sync” with wiki files (/data/pages)? <em>-user 2009-03-09</em> </p> <p> Is it possible at all, to set a minimum password-length, to prevent that users just go to their user-profile and set themselves a new password with only one letter or so?<em>-user 2009-07-22</em> </p> </div> <div class="secedit editbutton_section editbutton_9"><form class="button btn_secedit" method="post" action="/eo:acl"><div class="no"><input type="hidden" name="do" value="edit" /><input type="hidden" name="rev" value="1252692351" /><input type="hidden" name="summary" value="[Discussion] " /><input type="hidden" name="target" value="section" /><input type="hidden" name="hid" value="discussion" /><input type="hidden" name="codeblockOffset" value="10" /><input type="hidden" name="range" value="16067-" /><button type="submit" title="Discussion">Redakti</button></div></form></div><div class="footnotes"> <div class="fn"><sup><a href="#fnt__1" id="fn__1" class="fn_bot">1)</a></sup> <div class="content">the top-most namespace is called <code>*</code></div></div> <div class="fn"><sup><a href="#fnt__2" id="fn__2" class="fn_bot">2)</a></sup> <div class="content">see <a href="/config:superuser" class="wikilink1" title="config:superuser" data-wiki-id="config:superuser">superuser</a></div></div> </div>  </div> <div class="docInfo"><bdi>eo/acl.txt</bdi> · Lastaj ŝanĝoj: <time datetime="2009-09-11T20:05:51+0200">2009-09-11 20:05</time> de <bdi>80.221.81.69</bdi></div> <hr class="a11y" /> </div></main>  <nav id="dokuwiki__pagetools" aria-labelledby="dokuwiki__pagetools__heading"> <h3 class="a11y" id="dokuwiki__pagetools__heading">Paĝaj iloj</h3> <div class="tools"> <ul> <li class="edit"><a href="/eo:acl?do=edit" title="Redakti la paĝon [e]" rel="nofollow" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti la paĝon</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M20.71 7.04c.39-.39.39-1.04 0-1.41l-2.34-2.34c-.37-.39-1.02-.39-1.41 0l-1.84 1.83 3.75 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