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Search </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oracle_Secure_Enterprise_Search-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oracle_Beehive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oracle_Beehive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2.2 Oracle Beehive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oracle_Beehive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Applications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Third-party_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third-party_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3.1 Third-party applications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third-party_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enterprise_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enterprise_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 Enterprise management </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enterprise_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.5 Development software </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-File_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#File_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.6 File systems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-File_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operating_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operating_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.7 Operating systems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operating_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Hardware </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oracle_Cloud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oracle_Cloud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Oracle Cloud </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oracle_Cloud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Other services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Marketing </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Marketing subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sales_practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sales_practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Sales practices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sales_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Competition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oracle_and_SAP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oracle_and_SAP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Oracle and SAP </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oracle_and_SAP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slogans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slogans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Slogans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slogans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Finances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carbon_footprint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carbon_footprint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Carbon footprint </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carbon_footprint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trashgate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trashgate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Trashgate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trashgate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Can't_break_it,_can't_break_in"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Can't_break_it,_can't_break_in""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 "Can't break it, can't break in" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Can't_break_it,_can't_break_in"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_John_Ashcroft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_John_Ashcroft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Relationship with John Ashcroft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_John_Ashcroft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expeditionary_Combat_Support_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expeditionary_Combat_Support_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Expeditionary Combat Support System </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expeditionary_Combat_Support_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cover_Oregon_Healthcare_Exchange" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cover_Oregon_Healthcare_Exchange"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Cover Oregon Healthcare Exchange </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cover_Oregon_Healthcare_Exchange-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Class_action_tracking_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Class_action_tracking_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Class action tracking lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Class_action_tracking_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Violations_of_the_Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violations_of_the_Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violations_of_the_Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7.1 Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7.2 India </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India,_Turkey,_United_Arab_Emirates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India,_Turkey,_United_Arab_Emirates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7.3 India, Turkey, United Arab Emirates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India,_Turkey,_United_Arab_Emirates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_African_National_Treasury_contract_and_corruption_probe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_African_National_Treasury_contract_and_corruption_probe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7.4 South African National Treasury contract and corruption probe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_African_National_Treasury_contract_and_corruption_probe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Events </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Events subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acquisition_of_Sun_Microsystems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_of_Sun_Microsystems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Acquisition of Sun Microsystems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_of_Sun_Microsystems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fraud_Accusations_by_the_US_Department_of_Justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fraud_Accusations_by_the_US_Department_of_Justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Fraud Accusations by the US Department of Justice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fraud_Accusations_by_the_US_Department_of_Justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuit_against_Google" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuit_against_Google"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Lawsuit against Google </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawsuit_against_Google-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1 Background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.2 First trial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_appeal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_appeal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.3 First appeal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_appeal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supreme_Court_petition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Court_petition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.4 Supreme Court petition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Court_petition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.5 Second trial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_appeal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_appeal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.6 Second appeal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_appeal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discontinuation_of_OpenSolaris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discontinuation_of_OpenSolaris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Discontinuation of OpenSolaris </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discontinuation_of_OpenSolaris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discontinuation_of_OpenSSO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discontinuation_of_OpenSSO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Discontinuation of OpenSSO </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discontinuation_of_OpenSSO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mark_Hurd_as_president" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mark_Hurd_as_president"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Mark Hurd as president </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mark_Hurd_as_president-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OpenOffice.org_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OpenOffice.org_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 OpenOffice.org issue </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OpenOffice.org_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HP_and_Oracle_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HP_and_Oracle_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.8 HP and Oracle lawsuit </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HP_and_Oracle_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GSA_business_bidding_ban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GSA_business_bidding_ban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.9 GSA business bidding ban </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GSA_business_bidding_ban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cerner_acquisition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cerner_acquisition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.10 Cerner acquisition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cerner_acquisition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._TikTok's_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._TikTok's_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.11 U.S. TikTok's operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._TikTok's_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 People </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Offices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Corporate structures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sponsorships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sponsorships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sponsorships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sponsorships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Oracle Corporation</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" > 71 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84" title="أوراكل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوراكل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oracle" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="اوراکل شیرکتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوراکل شیرکتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="ওরাকল কর্পোরেশন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওরাকল কর্পোরেশন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Oracle" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Oracle" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Оракъл (корпорация) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Оракъл (корпорация)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oracle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_Oracle" title="Οργανισμός Oracle – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οργανισμός Oracle" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_(firmao)" title="Oracle (firmao) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oracle (firmao)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="اورکل کورپوریشن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اورکل کورپوریشن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_(entreprise)" title="Oracle (entreprise) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oracle (entreprise)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%9D%BC%ED%81%B4_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85)" title="오라클 (기업) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오라클 (기업)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AC" title="Օրաքլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օրաքլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="ओरेकल कॉर्पोरेशन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओरेकल कॉर्पोरेशन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9C_(%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94)" title="אורקל (חברה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורקל (חברה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Oracle" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_(%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Oracle (ишкана) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Oracle (ишкана)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="ഒറാക്കിൾ കോർപ്പറേഷൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒറാക്കിൾ കോർപ്പറേഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2" title="ऑरॅकल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऑरॅकल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Oracle" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="ओरेकल कर्पोरेसन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ओरेकल कर्पोरेसन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB_(%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD)" title="オラクル (企業) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オラクル (企業)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_(selskap)" title="Oracle (selskap) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oracle (selskap)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%A8" title="ଓରାକଲ୍‌ କର୍ପୋରେସନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଓରାକଲ୍‌ କର୍ପୋରେସନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oracle" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="اوریکل کارپوریشن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوریکل کارپوریشن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oracle" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Oracle" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ඔරකල් ආයතනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඔරකල් ආයතනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%B5" title="ئۆراکڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆراکڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oracle Corporation" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oracle" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%92%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5" title="ఒరాకిల్ సంస్థ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఒరాకిల్ సంస్థ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oracle_Corporation&params=30.2428699_N_97.7216941_W_region:US-TX_type:landmark_scale:10000">30°14′34″N 97°43′18″W / 30.2428699°N 97.7216941°W / 30.2428699; -97.7216941</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American multinational computer corporation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Oracle Corporation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Oracle_logo.svg/220px-Oracle_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Oracle_logo.svg/330px-Oracle_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Oracle_logo.svg/440px-Oracle_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="66" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:ORCL">ORCL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_100" title="S&P 100">S&P 100</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=US68389X1054">US68389X1054</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_software" title="Enterprise software">Enterprise software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Business_software" title="Business software">Business software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_hardware" title="Computer hardware">Computer hardware</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consulting" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulting">Consulting</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">June 16, 1977; 47 years ago (1977-06-16), in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California" title="Santa Clara, California">Santa Clara, California</a>, United States<a href="#cite_note-incorporation-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Miner" title="Bob Miner">Bob Miner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Oates" title="Ed Oates">Ed Oates</a><a href="#cite_note-founders-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">United States <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oracle_Corporation&params=30.2428699_N_97.7216941_W_region:US-TX_type:landmark_scale:10000">30°14′34″N 97°43′18″W / 30.2428699°N 97.7216941°W / 30.2428699; -97.7216941</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Larry Ellison (<a href="/wiki/Executive_chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive chairman">executive chairman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chief_technology_officer" title="Chief technology officer">CTO</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Henley" title="Jeff Henley">Jeff Henley</a> (vice chairman)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Safra_Catz" title="Safra Catz">Safra Catz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Applications" title="Oracle Applications">Oracle Applications</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle Database</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud_Enterprise_Resource_Planning" title="Oracle Cloud Enterprise Resource Planning">Oracle ERP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Enterprise_Manager" title="Oracle Enterprise Manager">Enterprise Manager</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Fusion_Middleware" title="Oracle Fusion Middleware">Fusion Middleware</a></li><li>(<a href="#Products_and_services">Full list</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>52.96 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$15.35 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$10.47 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$141.0 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$9.239 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Larry Ellison (42.7%)<a href="#cite_note-toc162163_22-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 159,000 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Oracle" title="List of acquisitions by Oracle">List of Oracle subsidiaries</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oracle.com/">oracle.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references Financials as of May 31, 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10K-4">[4]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Oracle Corporation is an American <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> computer <a href="/wiki/Technology_company" title="Technology company">technology company</a> headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Co-founded in 1977 by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a>, who remains executive chairman, Oracle ranked as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_software_companies" title="List of the largest software companies">third-largest software company</a> in the world by revenue and market capitalization as of 2020,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> and the company's seat in <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000" title="Forbes Global 2000">Forbes Global 2000</a> was 80 in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The company sells <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database software</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">the Oracle Database</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>. Oracle's core application software is a suite of <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_software" title="Enterprise software">enterprise software</a> products, such as <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning" title="Enterprise resource planning">enterprise resource planning</a> (ERP) software, <a href="/wiki/Human_capital_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Human capital management">human capital management</a> (HCM) software, <a href="/wiki/Customer_relationship_management" title="Customer relationship management">customer relationship management</a> (CRM) software, <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_performance_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise performance management">enterprise performance management</a> (EPM) software, Customer Experience Commerce (CX Commerce) and <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_management" title="Supply chain management">supply chain management</a> (SCM) software.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Oracle" title="List of acquisitions by Oracle">List of acquisitions by Oracle</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Larry_Ellison_on_stage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Larry_Ellison_on_stage.jpg/220px-Larry_Ellison_on_stage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Larry_Ellison_on_stage.jpg/330px-Larry_Ellison_on_stage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Larry_Ellison_on_stage.jpg/440px-Larry_Ellison_on_stage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3073" data-file-height="2568" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a>, executive chairman and co-founder of Oracle</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_Headquarters_Redwood_Shores.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Oracle_Headquarters_Redwood_Shores.jpg/220px-Oracle_Headquarters_Redwood_Shores.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Oracle_Headquarters_Redwood_Shores.jpg/330px-Oracle_Headquarters_Redwood_Shores.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Oracle_Headquarters_Redwood_Shores.jpg/440px-Oracle_Headquarters_Redwood_Shores.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Oracle Corporation's former headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Redwood_Shores,_California" title="Redwood Shores, California">Redwood Shores, California</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_17_at_Oracle_Corporation_Headquarters_-_July_2019_(8327).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/USA_17_at_Oracle_Corporation_Headquarters_-_July_2019_%288327%29.jpg/220px-USA_17_at_Oracle_Corporation_Headquarters_-_July_2019_%288327%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/USA_17_at_Oracle_Corporation_Headquarters_-_July_2019_%288327%29.jpg/330px-USA_17_at_Oracle_Corporation_Headquarters_-_July_2019_%288327%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/USA_17_at_Oracle_Corporation_Headquarters_-_July_2019_%288327%29.jpg/440px-USA_17_at_Oracle_Corporation_Headquarters_-_July_2019_%288327%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>USA 17 at Oracle Corporation Headquarters</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a> co-founded Oracle Corporation in 1977 with <a href="/wiki/Bob_Miner" title="Bob Miner">Bob Miner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Oates" title="Ed Oates">Ed Oates</a> under the name Software Development Laboratories (SDL).<a href="#cite_note-founders-2">[2]</a> Ellison took inspiration<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> from the 1970 paper written by <a href="/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd" title="Edgar F. Codd">Edgar F. Codd</a> on relational database management systems (<a href="/wiki/Relational_database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational database management system">RDBMS</a>) named "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks."<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> He heard about the <a href="/wiki/IBM_System_R" title="IBM System R">IBM System R</a> database from an article in the IBM Research Journal provided by Oates. Ellison wanted to make Oracle's product compatible with System R, but failed to do so as IBM kept the error codes for their DBMS a secret. SDL changed its name to Relational Software, Inc (RSI) in 1979,<a href="#cite_note-niemiec-11">[11]</a> then again to Oracle Systems Corporation in 1983,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> to align itself more closely with its flagship product <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle Database</a>. The name also drew from the codename of a 1977 <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> project, which was also Oracle's first customer.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> At this stage, Bob Miner served as the company's senior programmer. On March 12, 1986, the company had its <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> In 1989, Oracle moved its world headquarters to the <a href="/wiki/Redwood_Shores,_California" title="Redwood Shores, California">Redwood Shores</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Redwood_City,_California" title="Redwood City, California">Redwood City, California</a>, though its campus was not completed until 1995.<a href="#cite_note-Cerny_Page_164-15">[15]</a> In 1995, Oracle Systems Corporation changed its name to Oracle Corporation,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> officially named Oracle, but is sometimes referred to as Oracle Corporation, the name of the holding company.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Oracle acquired the following technology companies: <ol><li>PeopleSoft (2005), an <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning" title="Enterprise resource planning">ERP</a> company</li> <li>Siebel (2006), a <a href="/wiki/Customer_relationship_management" title="Customer relationship management">CRM</a> company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BEA_Systems" title="BEA Systems">BEA Systems</a> (2008), an enterprise infrastructure software company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> (2010), a computer hardware and software company (noted for its <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java programming language</a>).</li></ol> On July 15, 2013, Oracle transferred its stock listing from <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a> to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a>. At the time, it was the largest-ever U.S. market transfer.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In an effort to compete with <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> and its products, Oracle announced in 2019 it was partnering with former rival <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. The alliance claimed that <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a> would be directly connected, allowing customers of each to store data on both <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> platforms and run software on either Oracle or Azure. Some saw this not only as an attempt to compete with Amazon but also with <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a>, which acquired <a href="/wiki/Looker_(company)" title="Looker (company)">Looker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tableau_Software" title="Tableau Software">Tableau Software</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> On December 11, 2020, Oracle announced that it was moving its world headquarters from Redwood Shores to Austin, Texas.<a href="#cite_note-Li-20">[20]</a> In December 2021, Oracle announced the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Cerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerner">Cerner</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Health_information_technology" title="Health information technology">health information technology</a> company.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The acquisition of Cerner was completed on June 8, 2022, for US$28.3 billion in cash.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Also in December 2021, Oracle announced the acquisition of Federos, an <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI) and automation tools company for network performance.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In February 2023, the company announced it was going to invest $1.5 billion into the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a> as a part of the ongoing tech investment in the country. As a part of the investment, Oracle will be opening a data centre in the country's capital, <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> On April 23, 2024, Oracle announced it was moving its world headquarters from Austin to a new complex in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> No timeframe was given. On June 20, 2024, Oracle announced a $1 billion investment in Spain to enhance artificial intelligence and cloud computing. This investment will create a new cloud region in Madrid in partnership with <a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica" title="Telefónica">Telefónica</a>. The goal is to help Spanish businesses and the public sector with digital transformation and to meet <a href="/wiki/Regulation_(European_Union)" title="Regulation (European Union)">European Union regulations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products_and_services">Products and services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Products and services">edit</a>]</div> Oracle designs, manufactures, and sells both software and hardware products and offers services that complement them (such as financing, training, consulting, and hosting services). Many of the products have been added to Oracle's portfolio through <a href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Oracle" title="List of acquisitions by Oracle">acquisitions</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software">Software</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Software">edit</a>]</div> Oracle's E-delivery service (Oracle Software Delivery Cloud) provides generic downloadable Oracle software and documentation.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Databases">Databases</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Databases">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle Database</a> <ul><li>Release 10: In 2004, Oracle Corporation shipped release 10g (g standing for "grid") as the then latest version of <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle Database</a>. (<a href="/wiki/Oracle_Application_Server" title="Oracle Application Server">Oracle Application Server</a> 10g using <a href="/wiki/Java_EE" class="mw-redirect" title="Java EE">Java EE</a> integrated with the server part of that version of the database, making it possible to deploy <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">web</a>-technology applications. The application server was the first <a href="/wiki/Three-tier_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Three-tier (computing)">middle-tier</a> software designed for <a href="/wiki/Grid_computing" title="Grid computing">grid computing</a>. The interrelationship between <a href="/wiki/Grid_computing" title="Grid computing">Oracle</a> 10g and <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> allowed developers to set up <a href="/wiki/Stored_procedure" title="Stored procedure">stored procedures</a> written in the Java language, as well as, those written in the traditional Oracle database programming language, <a href="/wiki/PL/SQL" title="PL/SQL">PL/SQL</a>.)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Release 11: Release 11g became available in 2007. Oracle Corporation released Oracle Database 11g Release 2 in September 2009. This version was available in four commercial editions—Enterprise Edition, Standard Edition, Standard Edition One, and Personal Edition—and in one free edition—the Express Edition. The licensing of these editions shows various restrictions and obligations that were called complex by licensing expert Freirich Florea.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The Enterprise Edition (DB EE), the most expensive of the Database Editions, has the fewest restrictions—but nevertheless has complex licensing. Oracle Corporation constrains the Standard Edition (DB SE) and Standard Edition One (SE1) with more licensing restrictions, in accordance with their lower price.</li> <li>Release 12: Release 12c (c standing for "cloud") became available on July 1, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li></ul></li></ul> Oracle Corporation has acquired and developed the following additional database technologies: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_DB" title="Berkeley DB">Berkeley DB</a>, which offers <a href="/wiki/Embedded_database" title="Embedded database">embedded database</a> processing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Rdb" title="Oracle Rdb">Oracle Rdb</a>, a relational database system running on <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a> platforms. Oracle acquired Rdb in 1994 from <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>. Oracle has since made many enhancements to this product and development continues as of 2008<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TimesTen" title="TimesTen">TimesTen</a>, which features in-memory database operations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essbase" title="Essbase">Oracle Essbase</a>, which continues the <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_Solutions" title="Hyperion Solutions">Hyperion</a> Essbase tradition of <a href="/wiki/Multidimensional_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Multidimensional database">multi-dimensional database</a> management</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>, a relational database management system licensed under the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a>, initially developed by <a href="/wiki/MySQL_AB" title="MySQL AB">MySQL AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_NoSQL_Database" title="Oracle NoSQL Database">Oracle NoSQL Database</a>, a scalable, distributed key-value <a href="/wiki/NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a> database<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Middleware">Middleware</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Middleware">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Fusion_Middleware" title="Oracle Fusion Middleware">Oracle Fusion Middleware</a></div> Oracle Fusion Middleware is a family of <a href="/wiki/Middleware" title="Middleware">middleware</a> software products, including (for instance) <a href="/wiki/Application_server" title="Application server">application server</a>, <a href="/wiki/System_integration" title="System integration">system integration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_process_management" title="Business process management">business process management</a> (BPM), user interaction, <a href="/wiki/Content_management" title="Content management">content management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Identity_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity management">identity management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Business_intelligence" title="Business intelligence">business intelligence</a> (BI) products. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Oracle_Secure_Enterprise_Search">Oracle Secure Enterprise Search</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Oracle Secure Enterprise Search">edit</a>]</div> Oracle Secure Enterprise Search (SES), Oracle's <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_search" title="Enterprise search">enterprise-search</a> offering, gives users the ability to search for content across multiple locations, including websites, <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> files, file servers, <a href="/wiki/Content_management_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Content management systems">content management systems</a>, enterprise resource planning systems, <a href="/wiki/Customer_relationship_management" title="Customer relationship management">customer relationship management</a> systems, <a href="/wiki/Business_intelligence" title="Business intelligence">business intelligence</a> systems, and databases. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Oracle_Beehive">Oracle Beehive</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Oracle Beehive">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Beehive" title="Oracle Beehive">Oracle Beehive</a></div> Released in 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Beehive" title="Oracle Beehive">Oracle Beehive</a> <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaboration software">collaboration software</a> provides <a href="/wiki/Team" title="Team">team</a> workspaces (including <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wikis</a>, team calendaring and file sharing), email, calendar, instant messaging, and conferencing on a single platform. Customers can use Beehive as licensed software or as <a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">software as a service</a> ("SaaS").<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Applications">Applications</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Applications">edit</a>]</div> Following a number of acquisitions beginning in 2003, especially in the area of applications, Oracle Corporation as of 2008<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a> maintains a number of product lines: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_E-Business_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle E-Business Suite">Oracle E-Business Suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeopleSoft" title="PeopleSoft">PeopleSoft Enterprise</a> <ul><li>PeopleSoft EnterpriseOne (Later renamed, JD Edwards EnterpriseOne)</li> <li>PeopleSoft World (Later renamed, JD Edwards World)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebel_Systems" title="Siebel Systems">Siebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Edwards" title="JD Edwards">JD Edwards</a></li> <li>Merchandise Operations Management (Formerly Retek)</li> <li>Planning & Optimisation</li> <li>Store Operations (Formerly 360Commerce)</li></ul> Development of applications commonly takes place in Java (using <a href="/wiki/Oracle_JDeveloper" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle JDeveloper">Oracle JDeveloper</a>) or through PL/SQL (using, for example, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Forms" title="Oracle Forms">Oracle Forms</a> and Oracle Reports/BIPublisher).<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Oracle Corporation has started<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> a drive toward "wizard"-driven environments with a view to enabling non-programmers to produce simple data-driven applications. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Third-party_applications">Third-party applications</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Third-party applications">edit</a>]</div> Oracle Corporation works with "Oracle Certified Partners" to enhance its overall product marketing. The variety of applications from third-party vendors includes <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> applications for archiving, splitting and control, <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_resource_planning" title="Enterprise resource planning">ERP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Customer_relationship_management" title="Customer relationship management">CRM</a> systems, as well as more niche and focused products providing a range of commercial functions in areas like <a href="/wiki/Human_resources" title="Human resources">human resources</a>, financial control and <a href="/wiki/Governance,_risk_management,_and_compliance" title="Governance, risk management, and compliance">governance, risk management, and compliance</a> (GRC). Vendors include <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>, Creoal Consulting, UC4 Software,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Motus,_LLC" title="Motus, LLC">Motus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> and Knoa Software.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Enterprise_management">Enterprise management</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Enterprise management">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Enterprise_Manager" title="Oracle Enterprise Manager">Oracle Enterprise Manager</a></div> Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) provides web-based monitoring and management tools for Oracle products (and for some third-party software), including database management, middleware management, application management, hardware and virtualization management and cloud management.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Primavera_(software)" title="Primavera (software)">Primavera</a> products of Oracle's Construction & Engineering Global Business Unit (CEGBU) consist of <a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">project-management</a> software.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Development_software">Development software</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Development software">edit</a>]</div> Oracle Corporation's tools for developing applications include (among others): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Designer" title="Oracle Designer">Oracle Designer</a> – a <a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_software_engineering" title="Computer-aided software engineering">CASE</a> tool which integrates with Oracle Developer Suite</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Developer_Suite" title="Oracle Developer Suite">Oracle Developer</a> – which consists of <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Forms" title="Oracle Forms">Oracle Forms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Discoverer" title="Oracle Discoverer">Oracle Discoverer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Reports" title="Oracle Reports">Oracle Reports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_JDeveloper" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle JDeveloper">Oracle JDeveloper</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a> <a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBeans" title="NetBeans">NetBeans</a>, a Java-based software-development platform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_APEX" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle APEX">Oracle APEX</a> – <a href="/wiki/Low-code" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-code">low-code</a> platform for web-oriented development</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_SQL_Developer" title="Oracle SQL Developer">Oracle SQL Developer</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">integrated development environment</a> for working with SQL-based databases</li> <li>Oracle SQL*Plus Worksheet, a component of Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OEPE" class="mw-redirect" title="OEPE">OEPE</a>, Oracle Enterprise Pack for <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Java_Development_Kit" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Java Development Kit">Open Java Development Kit</a></li> <li>Oracle Developer Studio – a software generation system for the development of C, C++, Fortran, and Java software</li> <li>Oracle Visual Builder Studio</li></ul> Many external and third-party tools make the Oracle <a href="/wiki/Database_administrator" title="Database administrator">database administrator</a>'s tasks easier.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="File_systems">File systems</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: File systems">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZFS" title="ZFS">ZFS</a> combines <a href="/wiki/File-system" class="mw-redirect" title="File-system">file-system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Logical_volume_management" title="Logical volume management">logical volume management</a> functionality.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BtrFS" class="mw-redirect" title="BtrFS">BtrFS</a> "B-tree File-System" is meant to be an improvement over the existing <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> <a href="/wiki/Ext4" title="Ext4">ext4</a> filesystem, and offer features approaching those of <a href="/wiki/ZFS" title="ZFS">ZFS</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operating_systems">Operating systems</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Operating systems">edit</a>]</div> Oracle Corporation develops and supports two operating systems: <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Oracle Solaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Linux" title="Oracle Linux">Oracle Linux</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardware">Hardware</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hardware">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OracleExadataExalogic.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/OracleExadataExalogic.JPG/220px-OracleExadataExalogic.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/OracleExadataExalogic.JPG/330px-OracleExadataExalogic.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/OracleExadataExalogic.JPG/440px-OracleExadataExalogic.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4928" /></a><figcaption>Oracle Exadata and Exalogic</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The Sun hardware range acquired by Oracle Corporation's purchase of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_SPARC_T-series_servers" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle SPARC T-series servers">Oracle SPARC T-series servers</a> and M-series <a href="/wiki/Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframes</a> developed and released after Sun acquisition</li> <li>Engineered systems: pre-engineered and pre-assembled hardware/software bundles for enterprise use <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Exadata" title="Oracle Exadata">Exadata Database Machine</a> – hardware/software integrated storage<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Exalogic" title="Oracle Exalogic">Exalogic Elastic Cloud</a> – hardware/software integrated application server</li> <li>Exalytics In-Memory Machine – hardware/software integrated in-memory analytics server<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li> <li>Oracle Database Appliance<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Big_Data_Appliance" title="Oracle Big Data Appliance">Big Data Appliance</a> – integrated map-reduce/<a href="/wiki/Big_data" title="Big data">big data</a> solution<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li>SPARC SuperCluster T4-4 – a general purpose engineered system<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Services">Services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Services">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oracle_Cloud">Oracle Cloud</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Oracle Cloud">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> service offered by Oracle Corporation providing servers, storage, network, applications and services through a global network of Oracle Corporation managed <a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">data centers</a>. The company allows these services to be <a href="/wiki/Provisioning_(IT)" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisioning (IT)">provisioned</a> on demand over the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Oracle Cloud provides <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_as_a_service" title="Infrastructure as a service">Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service">Platform as a Service (PaaS)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Software as a Service (SaaS)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Data_as_a_service" title="Data as a service">Data as a Service (DaaS)</a>. These services are used to build, deploy, integrate and extend applications in the cloud. This platform supports <a href="/wiki/Open_standard" title="Open standard">open standards</a> (<a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Representational_state_transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Representational state transfer">REST</a>, etc.) open-source solutions (<a href="/wiki/Kubernetes" title="Kubernetes">Kubernetes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apache_Hadoop" title="Apache Hadoop">Hadoop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apache_Kafka" title="Apache Kafka">Kafka</a>, etc.) and a variety of <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">databases</a>, tools and <a href="/wiki/Software_framework" title="Software framework">frameworks</a> including Oracle-specific, <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third-party_software_component" title="Third-party software component">third-party software</a> and systems.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Software as a Service">Software as a Service</a> (SaaS)<a href="#cite_note-oracle_cloud-48">[48]</a> <ul><li>Enterprise applications: <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_management" title="Supply chain management">SCM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_performance_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise performance management">EPM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_HCM_Cloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle HCM Cloud">HCM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Enterprise_Resource_Planning_Cloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle Enterprise Resource Planning Cloud">ERP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Advertising_and_Customer_Experience_(CX)" title="Oracle Advertising and Customer Experience (CX)">CX</a> SaaS offerings<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li>Oracle sells a <a href="/wiki/SaaS" class="mw-redirect" title="SaaS">SaaS</a> suite of <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Fusion_Applications" title="Oracle Fusion Applications">Oracle Fusion Applications</a> <a href="/wiki/Business_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Business application">business applications</a>.</li> <li>On July 28, 2016, Oracle bought <a href="/wiki/NetSuite" title="NetSuite">NetSuite</a>, the first cloud company, for $9.3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> NetSuite provides cloud ERP, CRM, supply chain and e-commerce software to small and medium-sized businesses. It is regarded as the first fully cloud company in the world and is an industry leader in its own right.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_as_a_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform as a Service">Platform as a Service</a> (PaaS)<a href="#cite_note-oracle_cloud-48">[48]</a> <ul><li>Oracle has branded its Platform as a Service as <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud_Platform" title="Oracle Cloud Platform">Oracle Cloud Platform</a>. Oracle Cloud Platform include Data Management, Application Development, Integration, Content and Experience, Business Analytics, Management and Security.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Platform services on which to build and deploy applications or extend SaaS applications: database, Java application server, mobile, business analytics, integration, process, big data, <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_Things" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet of Things">Internet of Things</a>, <a href="/wiki/Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a> etc.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Data as a Service (DaaS) <ul><li>Oracle Data Cloud is composed of several acquisitions including <a href="/wiki/AddThis" title="AddThis">AddThis</a>, <a href="/wiki/BlueKai" title="BlueKai">BlueKai</a>, Crosswise, <a href="/wiki/Datalogix" class="mw-redirect" title="Datalogix">Datalogix</a>, Grapeshot, and Moat.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_as_a_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrastructure as a Service">Infrastructure as a Service</a> (IaaS)<a href="#cite_note-oracle_cloud-48">[48]</a> <ul><li>Oracle has branded its Infrastructure as a Service as Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI). Oracle Cloud Infrastructure offerings include the following services.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <ul><li>Compute Service</li> <li>Storage Service</li> <li>Network Service</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> On May 16, 2018, Oracle announced that it had acquired DataScience.com, a privately held cloud workspace platform for data science projects and workloads.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In 2022 Oracle shared a $9 billion contract from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> for cloud computing with Amazon, Google, and Microsoft.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_services">Other services</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other services">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Oracle Consulting – technical and business expert services</li> <li>Oracle Financing</li> <li>Oracle Marketing & Support <ul><li>Product support: Oracle Corporation identifies its customers and their support entitlements using CSI (Customer Support Identifier) codes.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Registered customers can submit <a href="/wiki/Service_request_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Service request management">Service Requests</a> (SRs)<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a>—usually via the web-accessible My Oracle Support<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> (MOS),<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> a re-incarnation of Oracle Metalink<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> with web access administered by a site Customer User Administrator (CUA).<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li>Critical Patch Updates: since 2005 Oracle Corporation has grouped collections of <a href="/wiki/Patch_(computing)" title="Patch (computing)">patches</a> and security fixes for its products each quarter into a "Critical Patch Update" (CPU), released each January, April, July and October.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li>Oracle Configuration Manager (OCM, previously Customer Configuration repository or CCR) gathers and uploads details of the configuration of Oracle software.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li>Oracle Auto Service Request (ASR) automatically creates Service Requests for specific hardware faults on qualified Oracle server, storage, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Exadata" title="Oracle Exadata">Oracle Exadata</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Exalogic" title="Oracle Exalogic">Oracle Exalogic</a> products.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li>My Oracle Support Community (MOSC)<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oracle University (training in Oracle products)<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Certification_Program" title="Oracle Certification Program">Oracle Certification Program</a></li></ul></li> <li>NetSuite Social Impact program assists nonprofits with moving operations to the cloud. In October 2018, Oracle announced the expansion of the program to include product donation, pro bono expansion and online community building.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li>As of September 13, 2020, Oracle acquired a trade deal with the <a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a> owned social video platform <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>. This was the result of an executive order issued by U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> stating that TikTok must be sold to a U.S. company by September 15, 2020. The exact nature of the agreement is still unknown, but it implies that Oracle will become TikTok's technology partner and assume responsibility for the company's U.S. user data. The agreement is still pending approval from regulatory government bodies.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing">Marketing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Marketing">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sales_practices">Sales practices</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sales practices">edit</a>]</div> In 1990, Oracle laid off 10% (about 400 people) of its work force because of accounting errors.<a href="#cite_note-zdnet200620-72">[72]</a> This crisis came about because of Oracle's "up-front" marketing strategy, in which sales people urged potential customers to buy the largest possible amount of software all at once. The sales people then booked the value of future license sales in the current quarter, thereby increasing their bonuses.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> This became a problem when the future sales subsequently failed to materialize. Oracle eventually had to restate its earnings twice, and also settled (out of court) <a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class-action</a> lawsuits arising from its having overstated its earnings. Ellison stated in 1992 that Oracle had made "an incredible business mistake".<a href="#cite_note-zdnet200620-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competition">Competition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Competition">edit</a>]</div> In 1994, <a href="/wiki/Informix_Corporation" title="Informix Corporation">Informix</a> overtook <a href="/wiki/Sybase" title="Sybase">Sybase</a> and became Oracle's most important rival. The intense war between Informix CEO Phil White and Ellison made front-page news in <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> for three years. Informix claimed that Oracle had hired away Informix engineers to disclose important trade secrets about an upcoming product. Informix finally dropped its lawsuit against Oracle in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In November 2005, a book detailing the war between Oracle and Informix was published, titled The Real Story of Informix Software and Phil White. It gave a detailed chronology of the battle of Informix against Oracle, and how Informix Software's CEO Phil White landed in jail because of his obsession with overtaking Ellison. Once it had overcome Informix and Sybase, Oracle Corporation enjoyed years of dominance in the database market until the use of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">Microsoft SQL Server</a> became widespread in the late 1990s and IBM acquired Informix Software in 2001 (to complement its Db2 database). Today<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a> Oracle competes for new database licenses on UNIX, GNU, and Windows operating systems primarily against IBM's Db2 and Microsoft SQL Server. IBM's Db2 still<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a> dominates the mainframe database market. In 2004, Oracle's sales grew at a rate of 14.5% to $6.2 billion, giving it 41.3% and the top share of the relational-database market (InformationWeek – March 2005), with market share estimated at up to 44.6% in 2005 by some sources.<a href="#cite_note-Oracle.com-75">[75]</a> Oracle Corporation's main competitors in the database arena remain <a href="/wiki/IBM_Db2" title="IBM Db2">IBM Db2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">Microsoft SQL Server</a>, and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/Sybase" title="Sybase">Sybase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teradata" title="Teradata">Teradata</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Oracle.com-75">[75]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free</a> databases such as <a href="/wiki/PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a> and <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a> also having a significant<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> share of the market. <a href="/wiki/EnterpriseDB" title="EnterpriseDB">EnterpriseDB</a>, based on PostgreSQL, has recently<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a> made inroads<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> by proclaiming that its product delivers Oracle compatibility features[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] at a much lower price-point. In the software-applications market, Oracle Corporation primarily<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> competes against <a href="/wiki/SAP_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP AG">SAP</a>. On March 22, 2007, <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corp._v._SAP_AG" title="Oracle Corp. v. SAP AG">Oracle sued SAP</a>, accusing them of fraud and unfair competition.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In the market for <a href="/wiki/Business_intelligence" title="Business intelligence">business intelligence</a> software, many other software companies—small and large—have successfully competed in quality with Oracle and SAP products. Business intelligence vendors can be categorized into the "big four" consolidated BI firms such as Oracle, who has entered BI market through a recent trend of acquisitions (including <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_Solutions" title="Hyperion Solutions">Hyperion Solutions</a>), and the independent "pure play" vendors such as <a href="/wiki/MicroStrategy" title="MicroStrategy">MicroStrategy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Actuate_Corporation" title="Actuate Corporation">Actuate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SAS_Institute_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="SAS Institute Inc.">SAS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Oracle Financials was ranked in the Top 20 Most Popular Accounting Software Infographic by Capterra in 2014, beating out SAP and a number of their other competitors.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oracle_and_SAP">Oracle and SAP</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Oracle and SAP">edit</a>]</div> From 1988, Oracle Corporation and the German company <a href="/wiki/SAP_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP AG">SAP AG</a> had a decade-long history of cooperation, beginning with the integration of SAP's <a href="/wiki/SAP_R/3" title="SAP R/3">R/3</a> enterprise application suite with Oracle's relational database products. Despite the SAP partnership with Microsoft, and the increasing integration of SAP applications with Microsoft products (such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">Microsoft SQL Server</a>, a competitor to Oracle Database), Oracle and SAP continue their cooperation. According to Oracle Corporation, the majority of SAP's customers use Oracle databases.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In 2004, Oracle began to increase its interest in the enterprise-applications market (in 1989, Oracle had already released Oracle Financials). A series of acquisitions by Oracle Corporation began, most notably with those of <a href="/wiki/PeopleSoft" title="PeopleSoft">PeopleSoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siebel_Systems" title="Siebel Systems">Siebel Systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyperion_Solutions" title="Hyperion Solutions">Hyperion</a>. SAP recognized that Oracle had started to become a competitor in a markets where SAP had the <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leadership</a>, and saw an opportunity to lure in customers from those companies that Oracle Corporation had acquired. SAP would offer those customers special discounts on the licenses for its enterprise applications. Oracle Corporation would resort to a similar strategy, by advising SAP customers to get "OFF SAP" (a play on the words of the <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> for its middleware platform "Oracle Fusion for SAP"),<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> and also by providing special discounts on licenses and services to SAP customers who chose Oracle Corporation products. Currently<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a> Oracle and SAP (the latter through its recently acquired subsidiary <a href="/wiki/TomorrowNow" class="mw-redirect" title="TomorrowNow">TomorrowNow</a>) compete in the third-party enterprise software maintenance and support market. On March 22, 2007, Oracle filed a lawsuit against SAP. In <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation_v._SAP_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle Corporation v. SAP AG">Oracle Corporation v. SAP AG</a> Oracle alleged that TomorrowNow, which provides discount support for legacy Oracle product lines, used the accounts of former Oracle customers to systematically download patches and support documents from Oracle's website and to appropriate them for SAP's use.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Some analysts have suggested the suit could form part of a strategy by Oracle Corporation to decrease competition with SAP in the market for third-party enterprise software maintenance and support.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> On July 3, 2007, SAP admitted that TomorrowNow employees had made "inappropriate downloads" from the Oracle support website. However, it claims that SAP personnel and SAP customers had no access to Oracle intellectual property via TomorrowNow. SAP's CEO <a href="/wiki/Henning_Kagermann" title="Henning Kagermann">Henning Kagermann</a> stated that "Even a single inappropriate download is unacceptable from my perspective. We regret very much that this occurred." Additionally, SAP announced that it had "instituted changes" in TomorrowNow's operational oversight.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> On November 23, 2010, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">U.S. district court</a> jury in <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a> found that SAP AG must pay Oracle Corp $1.3 billion for copyright infringement, awarding damages that could be the largest-ever for copyright infringement. While admitting liability, SAP estimated the damages at no more than $40 million, while Oracle claimed that they are at least $1.65 billion. The awarded amount is one of the 10 or 20 largest jury verdicts in U.S. legal history. SAP said they were disappointed by the verdict and might appeal.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> On September 1, 2011, a federal judge overturned the judgment and offered a reduced amount or a new trial, calling Oracle's original award "grossly" excessive.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Oracle chose a new trial. On August 3, 2012, SAP and Oracle agreed on a judgment for $306 million in damages, pending approval from the U.S. district court judge, "to save time and expense of [a] new trial". After the accord has been approved, Oracle can ask a federal appeals court to reinstate the earlier jury verdict. In addition to the damages payment, SAP has already paid Oracle $120 million for its legal fees.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slogans">Slogans</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Slogans">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>"Information driven"<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li>For the Oracle Database: "Can't break it, can't break in"<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> and "Unbreakable"<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></li> <li>"Enabling the Information Age"<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li>"Enabling the Information Age Through Network Computing"<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li>As of 2008<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a>: "The Information Company"<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li>As of 2010: "Software. Hardware. Complete."<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li>As of late 2010: "Hardware and Software, Engineered to Work Together"<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li>As of mid 2015: "Integrated Cloud Applications and Platform Services"<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> Oracle Corporation produces and distributes the "Oracle ClearView" series of videos as part of its marketing mix.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finances">Finances</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Finances">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;"> <caption>Development since 2005<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Revenue in mil. US$ </th> <th>Net Income in mil. US$ </th> <th>EOY adj price per share in US$ </th> <th>Employees </th></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>11,799 </td> <td>2,886 </td> <td>9.98 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>14,380 </td> <td>3,381 </td> <td>14.01 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>17,996 </td> <td>4,274 </td> <td>18.46 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>22,430 </td> <td>5,521 </td> <td>14.49 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>23,252 </td> <td>5,593 </td> <td>20.20 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>26,820 </td> <td>6,135 </td> <td>25.98 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>35,622 </td> <td>8,547 </td> <td>21.44 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>37,121 </td> <td>9,981 </td> <td>28.25 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>37,180 </td> <td>10,925 </td> <td>32.68 </td> <td>122,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>38,275 </td> <td>10,955 </td> <td>38.88 </td> <td>122,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>38,226 </td> <td>9,938 </td> <td>32.02 </td> <td>132,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>37,047 </td> <td>8,901 </td> <td>34.23 </td> <td>136,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>37,728 </td> <td>9,335 </td> <td>42.76 </td> <td>138,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>39,831 </td> <td>3,825 </td> <td>41.33 </td> <td>137,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>39,506 </td> <td>11,083 </td> <td>49.32 </td> <td>136,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>39,068 </td> <td>10,135 </td> <td>61.26 </td> <td>135,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>40,479 </td> <td>13,746 </td> <td>83.85 </td> <td>132,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>42,440 </td> <td>6,717 </td> <td>79.95 </td> <td>143,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>49,954 </td> <td>8,503 </td> <td>104.69 </td> <td>164,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td>52,961 </td> <td>10,467 </td> <td> </td> <td>159,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> Oracle was ranked No. 82 in the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> According to Bloomberg, Oracle's CEO-to-employee pay ratio is 1,205:1. The CEO's compensation in 2017 was $108,295,023. Oracle is one of the approved employers of <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Chartered_Certified_Accountants" title="Association of Chartered Certified Accountants">ACCA</a> and the median employee compensation rate was $89,887.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carbon_footprint">Carbon footprint</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Carbon footprint">edit</a>]</div> Oracle reported total <a href="/wiki/Carbon_Dioxide_Equivalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon Dioxide Equivalent">carbon dioxide equivalent</a> (CO2e) emissions (direct + indirect) for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020 at 428 kilotonnes (+63/+17% year over year)<a href="#cite_note-Oracle_Total_CO2e_emissions_for_2020Q4-109">[109]</a> and plans to reduce emissions 26% by 2025 from a 2015 base year.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Oracle's annual total CO2e emissions - market-based scope 1 + scope 2 (in kilotonnes) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Dec 2017</th> <th>Dec 2018</th> <th>Dec 2019</th> <th>Dec 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td>418<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></td> <td>380<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></td> <td>366<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></td> <td>428<a href="#cite_note-Oracle_Total_CO2e_emissions_for_2020Q4-109">[109]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trashgate">Trashgate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Trashgate">edit</a>]</div> In 2000, Oracle attracted attention from the <a href="/wiki/Computer_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer industry">computer industry</a> and the press after hiring <a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">private investigators</a> to dig through the trash of organizations involved in an <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp._(2001)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States v. Microsoft Corp. (2001)">antitrust trial against Microsoft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The Chairman of Oracle Corporation, Larry Ellison, staunchly defended his company's hiring of an East Coast detective agency to investigate groups that supported rival Microsoft Corporation during its antitrust trial, calling the snooping a "public service". The investigation reportedly included a $1,200 offer to janitors at the Association for Competitive Technology to look through Microsoft's trash. When asked how he would feel if others were looking into Oracle's business activities, Ellison said: "We will ship our garbage to Redmond, and they can go through it. We believe in full disclosure."<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Can't_break_it,_can't_break_in"">"Can't break it, can't break in"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: "Can't break it, can't break in"">edit</a>]</div> In 2002, Oracle Corporation marketed many of its products using the slogan "Can't break it, can't break in", or "Unbreakable".<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> This signified a claim of <a href="/wiki/Information_security" title="Information security">information security</a>. Oracle Corporation also stressed the reliability of networked databases and network access to databases as major selling points. However, two weeks after its introduction, <a href="/wiki/David_Litchfield" title="David Litchfield">David Litchfield</a>, Alexander Kornbrust, Cesar Cerrudo and others demonstrated a whole suite of successful attacks against Oracle products.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Oracle Corporation's chief security officer <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Davidson" title="Mary Ann Davidson">Mary Ann Davidson</a> said that, rather than representing a literal claim of Oracle's products' impregnability, she saw the campaign in the context of fourteen independent security evaluations<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> that Oracle Corporation's database server had passed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_John_Ashcroft">Relationship with John Ashcroft</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Relationship with John Ashcroft">edit</a>]</div> In 2004, then-<a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">United States Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">John Ashcroft</a> sued Oracle Corporation to prevent it from acquiring a multibillion-dollar intelligence contract. After Ashcroft's resignation from government, he founded a lobbying firm, <a href="/wiki/The_Ashcroft_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ashcroft Group">The Ashcroft Group</a>, which Oracle hired in 2005. With the group's help, Oracle went on to acquire the contract.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expeditionary_Combat_Support_System">Expeditionary Combat Support System</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Expeditionary Combat Support System">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Computer_Sciences_Corporation" title="Computer Sciences Corporation">Computer Sciences Corporation</a>, as the prime contractor, reportedly spent a billion dollars developing the <a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_Combat_Support_System" title="Expeditionary Combat Support System">Expeditionary Combat Support System</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>. It yielded no significant capability, because, according to an Air Force source, the prime contractor "was simply not up to the task of adapting" the Oracle software, on which the system was based, to meet the specialized performance criteria.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cover_Oregon_Healthcare_Exchange">Cover Oregon Healthcare Exchange</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Cover Oregon Healthcare Exchange">edit</a>]</div> Oracle Corporation was awarded a contract by the State of Oregon's <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Health_Authority" title="Oregon Health Authority">Oregon Health Authority</a> (OHA) to develop <a href="/wiki/Cover_Oregon" title="Cover Oregon">Cover Oregon</a>, the state's healthcare exchange website, as part of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a>. When the site tried to go live on October 1, 2013, it failed, and registrations had to be taken using paper applications until the site could be fixed. On April 25, 2014, the State of Oregon voted to discontinue Cover Oregon and instead use the federal exchange to enroll Oregon residents.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The cost of switching to the federal portal was estimated at $5 million, whereas fixing Cover Oregon would have required another $78 million. Oracle president <a href="/wiki/Safra_Catz" title="Safra Catz">Safra Catz</a> responded to Cover Oregon and the OHA in a letter claiming that the site's problems were due to OHA mismanagement, specifically that a third-party <a href="/wiki/Systems_integrator" title="Systems integrator">systems integrator</a> was not hired to manage the complex project.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> In August 2014, Oracle Corporation sued Cover Oregon for breach of contract,<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> and then later that month the state of Oregon sued Oracle Corporation, in a civil complaint for breach of contract, fraud, filing false claims and "<a href="/wiki/Racketeering" title="Racketeering">racketeering</a>".<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In September 2016, the two sides reached a settlement valued at over $100 million to the state, and a six-year agreement for Oracle to continue modernizing state software and IT.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Class_action_tracking_lawsuit">Class action tracking lawsuit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Class action tracking lawsuit">edit</a>]</div> In August 2022, a <a href="/wiki/Class-action_lawsuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Class-action lawsuit">class action lawsuit</a> was filed against Oracle by the law firm <a href="/wiki/Lieff_Cabraser" title="Lieff Cabraser">Lieff Cabraser</a>. The lawsuit alleges that Oracle engaged in "deliberate and purposeful surveillance of the general population via their digital and online existence", specifically focusing on Oracle operating a surveillance machine which tracks in real-time and records indefinitely the personal information of hundreds of millions of people. The litigants argues that through such surveillance, the company violates the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Communications_Privacy_Act" title="Electronic Communications Privacy Act">Federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_California" title="Constitution of California">California's state constitution</a>, the California Invasion of Privacy Act, competition law, and <a href="/wiki/Law_of_California" title="Law of California">California Common Law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-132">[132]</a> The lawsuit was settled in July 2024 when Oracle paid $115 million to some of its customers and agreed to stop tracking users.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violations_of_the_Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act">Violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Africa">Africa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Africa">edit</a>]</div> In August 2011, The Wall Street Journal reported that Oracle was being investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for paying bribes to government officials in order to win business in Africa, in contravention of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act" title="Foreign Corrupt Practices Act">Foreign Corrupt Practices Act</a> (FCPA).<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India">India</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: India">edit</a>]</div> In 2012 Oracle agreed to pay about $2 million to the U.S. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a> (SEC). The SEC at the time alleged that the company's Indian subsidiary structured transactions with foreign governments in a way that enabled them to hold about $2.2 million of the proceeds inside funds that could be used for unauthorized purposes and therefore was a violation of the FCPA.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="India,_Turkey,_United_Arab_Emirates">India, Turkey, United Arab Emirates</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: India, Turkey, United Arab Emirates">edit</a>]</div> In September 2022, Oracle settled with the U.S. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a> (SEC) without admitting or denying its findings, by agreeing to pay $23 million to settle the charges. The SEC announced that Oracle violated the FCPA between 2014 and 2019 when its subsidiaries in India, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) created slush funds to bribe foreign officials in order to win business.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_African_National_Treasury_contract_and_corruption_probe">South African National Treasury contract and corruption probe</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: South African National Treasury contract and corruption probe">edit</a>]</div> In 2017, a whistleblower notified the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">SEC</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">US Department of Justice</a>, alleging possible violations of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act" title="Foreign Corrupt Practices Act">Foreign Corrupt Practices Act</a> in awarding of a <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">R</a>1 <a href="/wiki/1,000,000,000" title="1,000,000,000">billion</a> (2015) (equivalent to R1.17 <a href="/wiki/1,000,000,000" title="1,000,000,000">billion</a> or <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">US$</a>88.54 million in 2018)<a href="#cite_note-inflation-ZAR-138">[138]</a> contract by <a href="/wiki/National_Treasury_(South_Africa)" title="National Treasury (South Africa)">National Treasury</a> in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> In March 2024, South Africa's <a href="/wiki/Special_Investigating_Unit" title="Special Investigating Unit">Special Investigating Unit</a> found that there were conflicts of interest, irregular processes, and non-compliance with policies and legislation, and said it would petition to blacklist Oracle in South Africa, cancel the contract and recover the money paid.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisition_of_Sun_Microsystems">Acquisition of Sun Microsystems</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Acquisition of Sun Microsystems">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Sun_Microsystems_by_Oracle_Corporation" title="Acquisition of Sun Microsystems by Oracle Corporation">Acquisition of Sun Microsystems by Oracle Corporation</a></div> In January 2010, Oracle completed its acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>—valued at more than $7 billion—a move that transformed Oracle from solely a software company to a manufacturer of both software and hardware. The acquisition was delayed for several months by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> because of concerns about <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>, but was unconditionally approved in the end.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In September 2011, U.S. State Department Embassy <a href="/wiki/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak" title="United States diplomatic cables leak">cables were leaked to WikiLeaks</a>. One cable revealed that the U.S. pressured the <a href="/wiki/E.U." class="mw-redirect" title="E.U.">E.U.</a> to allow Oracle to acquire Sun.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The Sun acquisition was closely watched by <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> users and some companies, due to the fear that Oracle might end Sun's traditional support of <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free</a> projects.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Since the acquisition, Oracle has discontinued <a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a> and <a href="/wiki/StarOffice" title="StarOffice">StarOffice</a>, and sued <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> patents Oracle acquired from Sun.<a href="#cite_note-arsjava2-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fraud_Accusations_by_the_US_Department_of_Justice">Fraud Accusations by the US Department of Justice</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Fraud Accusations by the US Department of Justice">edit</a>]</div> On July 29, 2010, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> (DoJ) filed suit against Oracle Corporation alleging fraud. The lawsuit argues that the government received deals inferior to those Oracle gave to its commercial clients. The DoJ added its heft to an already existing whistleblower lawsuit filed by Paul Frascella, who was once senior director of contract services at Oracle.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> It was settled in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawsuit_against_Google">Lawsuit against Google</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Lawsuit against Google">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oracle_v._Google" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle v. Google">Oracle v. Google</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Background">Background</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> Oracle, the plaintiff, acquired ownership of the Java computer programming language when it acquired <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> in January 2010.<a href="#cite_note-ReutersJune2011-151">[151]</a> The Java software includes sets of pre-developed software code to allow programs and apps to accomplish common tasks in a consistent manner. The pre-developed code is organized into separate "<a href="/wiki/Package_manager" title="Package manager">packages</a>" which each contain a set of "<a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)" title="Class (computer programming)">classes</a>". Each class contains numerous <a href="/wiki/Method_(computer_programming)" title="Method (computer programming)">methods</a>, which instruct a program or app to do a certain task. Software developers "became accustomed to using Java's designations at the package, class, and method level".<a href="#cite_note-Quimbee-152">[152]</a> Oracle and <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> (the defendant) tried to negotiate an agreement for Oracle to license Java to Google, which would have allowed Google to use Java in developing programs for mobile devices using the <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>. However, the two companies never reached an agreement. After negotiations failed, Google created its own programming platform, which was based on Java, and contained 37 copied Java packages as well as new packages developed by Google.<a href="#cite_note-Quimbee-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_trial">First trial</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: First trial">edit</a>]</div> In 2010, Oracle sued Google for <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">copyright infringement</a> for the use of the 37 Java packages.<a href="#cite_note-Quimbee-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReutersJune2011-151">[151]</a> The case was handled in <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California</a> and assigned to Judge <a href="/wiki/William_Alsup" title="William Alsup">William Alsup</a> (who taught himself how to code computers<a href="#cite_note-verge-153">[153]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-ReutersJune2011-151">[151]</a> In the lawsuit, Oracle sought between $1.4 billion and $6.1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-ReutersJune2011-151">[151]</a> In June 2011 the judge had to force Google through a judicial order to make public the details about Oracle's claim for damages.<a href="#cite_note-ReutersJune2011-151">[151]</a> By the end of the first jury trial (the legal dispute would eventually go on to another trial) the arguments made by Oracle's attorneys focused on a Java function called "rangeCheck":<blockquote>The argument centered on a function called rangeCheck. Of all the lines of code that Oracle had tested—15 million in total—these were the only ones that were 'literally' copied. Every keystroke, a perfect duplicate. – The Verge, 10/19/17<a href="#cite_note-verge-153">[153]</a></blockquote>Although Google admitted to copying the packages, Judge Alsup found that none of the Java packages were covered under copyright protection, and therefore Google did not infringe.<a href="#cite_note-Quimbee-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_appeal">First appeal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: First appeal">edit</a>]</div> After the case was over, Oracle appealed to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Federal_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit</a> (750 F.3d 1339 (2014)).<a href="#cite_note-Quimbee-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-eff-org-154">[154]</a> On May 9, 2014, the appeals court partially reversed Judge Alsup's decision, finding that Java APIs are copyrightable. API stands for "application programming interface" and are how different computer programs or apps communicate with each other. However, the appeals court also left open the possibility that Google might have a "<a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a>" defense.<a href="#cite_note-eff-org-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Supreme_Court_petition">Supreme Court petition</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Supreme Court petition">edit</a>]</div> On October 6, 2014, Google filed a petition to appeal to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a>, but the Supreme Court denied the petition.<a href="#cite_note-eff-org-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_trial">Second trial</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Second trial">edit</a>]</div> The case was then returned to the U.S. District Court for another trial about Google's fair use defense.<a href="#cite_note-eff-org-154">[154]</a> Oracle sought $9 billion in damages.<a href="#cite_note-ZDNet-155">[155]</a> In May 2016, the trial jury found that Google's use of Java's APIs was considered fair use.<a href="#cite_note-eff-org-154">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_appeal">Second appeal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Second appeal">edit</a>]</div> In February 2017, Oracle filed another appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.<a href="#cite_note-eff-org-154">[154]</a> This time it was asking for a new trial because the District Court "repeatedly undermined Oracle's case", which Oracle argued led the jury to make the wrong decision. According to ZDNet, "For example, it [Oracle] says the court wrongly bought Google's claim that Android was limited to smartphones while Java was for PCs, whereas Oracle contends that Java and Android both compete as platforms for smart TVs, cars, and wearables."<a href="#cite_note-ZDNet-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discontinuation_of_OpenSolaris">Discontinuation of OpenSolaris</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Discontinuation of OpenSolaris">edit</a>]</div> On August 13, 2010, an internal Oracle memo leaked to the Internet cited plans for ending the <a href="/wiki/OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a> operating system project and community.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> With Oracle planning to develop <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a> only in a closed source fashion, OpenSolaris developers moved to the <a href="/wiki/Illumos" title="Illumos">Illumos</a> and <a href="/wiki/OpenIndiana" title="OpenIndiana">OpenIndiana</a> project, among others.<a href="#cite_note-Phoronix-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discontinuation_of_OpenSSO">Discontinuation of OpenSSO</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Discontinuation of OpenSSO">edit</a>]</div> As Oracle completed their acquisition of Sun Microsystems in February 2010, they announced that OpenSSO would no longer be their strategic product.<a href="#cite_note-HttpwwwonlinecomopennewsitemOraclekillsOpenSSOExpressForgeRockstepsinhtml-158">[158]</a> Shortly after, OpenSSO was forked to <a href="/wiki/OpenAM" title="OpenAM">OpenAM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HttpwwwonlinecomopennewsitemOraclekillsOpenSSOExpressForgeRockstepsinhtml-158">[158]</a> and will continue to be developed and supported by <a href="/wiki/ForgeRock" title="ForgeRock">ForgeRock</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mark_Hurd_as_president">Mark Hurd as president</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Mark Hurd as president">edit</a>]</div> On September 6, 2010, Oracle announced that former <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hurd" title="Mark Hurd">Mark Hurd</a> was to replace <a href="/wiki/Charles_Phillips_(businessman)" title="Charles Phillips (businessman)">Charles Phillips</a>, who resigned as Oracle co-president. In an official statement made by Larry Ellison, Phillips had previously expressed his desire to transition out of the company. Ellison had asked Phillips to stay on through the integration of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems Inc.</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> In a separate statement regarding the transition, Ellison said "Mark did a brilliant job at HP and I expect he'll do even better at Oracle. There is no executive in the IT world with more relevant experience than Mark."<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> On September 7, 2010, HP announced a civil lawsuit against Mark Hurd "to protect HP's trade secrets",<a href="#cite_note-scribd.com-161">[161]</a> in response to Oracle hiring Hurd. On September 20, Oracle and HP published a joint press release announcing the resolution of the lawsuit on confidential terms and reaffirming commitment to long-term strategic partnership between the companies.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="OpenOffice.org_issue">OpenOffice.org issue</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: OpenOffice.org issue">edit</a>]</div> A number of <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a> developers formed <a href="/wiki/The_Document_Foundation" title="The Document Foundation">The Document Foundation</a> and received backing by Google, Novell, Red Hat, and Canonical, as well as some others, but were unable to get Oracle to donate the brand OpenOffice.org, causing a fork in the development of OpenOffice.org with the foundation now developing and promoting <a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a>. Oracle expressed no interest in sponsoring the new project and asked the OpenOffice.org developers that started the project to resign from the company due to "conflicts of interest". On November 1, 2010, 33 of the OpenOffice.org developers gave their letters of resignation.<a href="#cite_note-And_So_The_Exodus_Begins_33_OpenOffice.org_Developers_Leave_Oracle-163">[163]</a> On June 1, 2011, Oracle donated OpenOffice.org to the <a href="/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HP_and_Oracle_lawsuit">HP and Oracle lawsuit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: HP and Oracle lawsuit">edit</a>]</div> On June 15, 2011, HP filed a lawsuit in California Superior Court in Santa Clara, claiming that Oracle had breached an agreement to support the Itanium microprocessor used in HP's high-end enterprise servers.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> Oracle called the lawsuit "an abuse of the judicial process"<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> and said that had it known <a href="/wiki/SAP_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP AG">SAP</a>'s <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Apotheker" title="Léo Apotheker">Léo Apotheker</a> was about to be hired as HP's new CEO, any support for HP's Itanium servers would not have been implied.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> On August 1, 2012, a California judge said in a tentative ruling that Oracle must continue porting its software at no cost until HP discontinues its sales of Itanium-based servers.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> HP was awarded $3 billion in damages against Oracle in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> HP argued Oracle's canceling support damaged HP's Itanium server brand. Oracle had announced that it would appeal both the decision and damages, but the decision stayed.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GSA_business_bidding_ban">GSA business bidding ban</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: GSA business bidding ban">edit</a>]</div> On April 20, 2012, the US General Services Administration banned Oracle from the most popular portal for bidding on GSA contracts for undisclosed reasons. Oracle has previously used this portal for around four hundred million dollars a year in revenue.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Oracle previously settled a lawsuit filed under the <a href="/wiki/False_Claims_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="False Claims Act">False Claims Act</a>, which accused the company of <a href="/wiki/Overbilling" title="Overbilling">overbilling</a> the US government between 1998 and 2006. The 2011 settlement forced Oracle to pay $199.5 million to the <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cerner_acquisition">Cerner acquisition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Cerner acquisition">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Health" title="Oracle Health">Oracle Health</a></div> On December 20, 2021, Oracle announced that it had entered into an agreement to acquire <a href="/wiki/Cerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerner">Cerner Corporation</a> (now Oracle Health and Oracle Life Sciences) for approximately US$28.3 billion, creating a dedicated Industry Business Unit within the company. Cerner is the largest international supplier of health information technology, such as <a href="/wiki/Electronic_health_record" title="Electronic health record">electronic health records</a> (EHR), <a href="/wiki/Revenue_cycle_management" title="Revenue cycle management">revenue cycle</a> solutions, and biomedical device integration platforms, and has its headquarters in Kansas City, Missouri, US.<a href="#cite_note-:2-175">[175]</a> The deal closed in early July 2022 after receiving final approval from European regulators, making it Oracle's largest acquisition and one of the largest in corporate history.<a href="#cite_note-:3-176">[176]</a> Oracle's purchase of Cerner is part of an effort to introduce Oracle products into the healthcare market, particularly in the United States although Oracle plans to expand Cerner's global operations.<a href="#cite_note-:3-176">[176]</a> It mirrors closely to expansions of other large information technology companies such as Google, Microsoft and Amazon into the healthcare sector. Cerner already used Oracle solutions for its "largest business and most important clinical system", and Oracle announced its intention to integrate autonomous solutions such as the Oracle Voice Digital Assistant into Cerner clinical solutions. Oracle additionally has shared its plans to improve the usability and user experience of Cerner solutions.<a href="#cite_note-:2-175">[175]</a> While the acquisition was originally met with mixed reactions by industry and investors, some industry experts have developed a more positive perception of the purchase. Cerner won a major contract in 2017 to supply its EHR software to the US Department of Defense and <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Administration_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterans Administration Hospital">Veterans Administration Hospitals</a>, which resulted in Cerner "leaving its traditional base of hospital systems high and dry" with delays in resolving issues and implementing innovations. Oracle's acquisition allows for the larger corporation to support Cerner's operations, with the goal of "addressing basic operational issues... improving resiliency and usability" in the short-term.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Some opinions have expressed longer-term concern, with Oracle Health expecting a decline in US-based sales in 2024, although an increase in global sales. Additionally, clients of Cerner have reported minimal improvements to the core system and a focus by Oracle on future advancements over resolving current issues.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> A September 2024 announcement by Oracle listed "tens of thousands of engineering hours and millions of dollars" of investments in the core clinical operations, and the release of the highly anticipated Oracle Clinical Digital Assistant, a generative AI system that automatically creates consultation documentation and proposes orders.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._TikTok's_operations">U.S. TikTok's operations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: U.S. TikTok's operations">edit</a>]</div> On September 13, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a> reported that Oracle won a bidding war with other U.S.-based companies to take over social media company TikTok's operations in the United States following the company's pressure to forcibly be shut down by the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>. Oracle was described as a "trusted tech partner" by <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>, suggesting the deal may not be as structured as an outright sale.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> On September 19, 2020, the Trump administration approved of the sale of TikTok's US operations to Oracle "[delaying] — by one week — restrictions that were originally to take effect" on September 20 as indicated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> On February 10, 2021, The Wall Street Journal reported, citing a source familiar with the matter, the <a href="/wiki/Biden_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biden administration">Biden administration</a> would be backing off from banning TikTok and shelving the sale of TikTok indefinitely, as the U.S. Commerce Department began reviewing whether or not Trump's claims about TikTok can justify the attempts to ban it.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> On February 27, 2023, Biden changed his "indefinite" stance on TikTok as he echoed Trump's 2020 claims of disapproval. Biden said Federal agencies have thirty days to remove TikTok from all federal devices. Federal contractors must meet the same standard in ninety days. On March 8, 2024, Biden said he would sign a bipartisan bill banning TikTok in the United States if the Chinese company ByteDance didn't divest. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: People">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a>: executive chairman and CTO (since September 2014), co-founder of the company, previously CEO (1977–2014),<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-ellison-step-down-183">[183]</a> previously chairman (1990–2004). As of September 2021, he owns 42.4% of the company.<a href="#cite_note-toc162163_22-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safra_Catz" title="Safra Catz">Safra Catz</a>: CEO (since September 2014),<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-ellison-step-down-183">[183]</a> previously co-president (since 2004) and CFO.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In 2016, she was ranked tenth on <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortune Magazine">Fortune's</a> Most Powerful Women list.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Henley" title="Jeff Henley">Jeff Henley</a>: vice chairman (since September 2014), previously chairman (2004–2014) and CFO (1991–2004).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hurd" title="Mark Hurd">Mark Hurd</a>: former CEO (2014–2019),<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-ellison-step-down-183">[183]</a> previously co-president (2010–2014). In 2007, Mark Hurd was ranked No. 16 on Fortune's list of the 25 Most Powerful People in Business.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> He died in 2019.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Phillips_(businessman)" title="Charles Phillips (businessman)">Charles Phillips</a>: former co-president and director (2003–2010); replaced by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hurd" title="Mark Hurd">Mark Hurd</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Miner" title="Bob Miner">Bob Miner</a>: co-founder of the company and co-architect of <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle Database</a>. Led product design and development for Oracle Database (1977–1992). Spun off a technology group within Oracle in 1992. Oracle board member until 1993. He died in 1994.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Oates" title="Ed Oates">Ed Oates</a>: co-founder of the company. Retired from Oracle in 1996.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umang_Gupta" title="Umang Gupta">Umang Gupta</a>: former vice president and general manager (1981–1984). Wrote the first business plan for the company. He died in 2022.</li> <li>Bruce Scott: The first hired employee (after the co-founders; employee number 4) at Oracle (then Software Development Laboratories). Scott served as the co-author and co-architect of the Oracle database up to Version 3. He left Oracle in 1982.<a href="#cite_note-founders-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Benioff" title="Marc Benioff">Marc Benioff</a>: former protégé of Ellison and the youngest to be promoted to vice president at the time; left to found and lead <a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a> in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offices">Offices</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Offices">edit</a>]</div> Since December 2020, Oracle Corporation's world headquarters has been located in Austin, Texas. Oracle has plans to build its largest office hub, with 8500 jobs, in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a> within the next few decades. Oracle has a large office complex located on the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">San Francisco Peninsula</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Redwood_Shores,_California" title="Redwood Shores, California">Redwood Shores</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Redwood_City,_California" title="Redwood City, California">Redwood City</a>. This complex was home to Oracle world headquarters from 1989 to 2020. It is located on the former site of <a href="/wiki/Marine_World/Africa_USA" title="Marine World/Africa USA">Marine World/Africa USA</a>, which moved from Redwood Shores to <a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo</a> in 1986. Oracle Corporation originally leased two buildings on the Oracle Parkway site, moving its finance and administration departments from the corporation's former headquarters on Davis Drive, <a href="/wiki/Belmont,_California" title="Belmont, California">Belmont, California</a>. Eventually, Oracle purchased the complex and constructed four additional buildings. The distinctive Oracle Parkway buildings, nicknamed the Emerald City,<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> served as sets for the futuristic headquarters of the fictional company "NorthAm Robotics" in the <a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> film <a href="/wiki/Bicentennial_Man_(film)" title="Bicentennial Man (film)">Bicentennial Man</a> (1999).<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> The campus also represented the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Cyberdyne_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyberdyne Systems">Cyberdyne Systems</a> in the movie <a href="/wiki/Terminator_Genisys" title="Terminator Genisys">Terminator Genisys</a> (2015).<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1208px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_Redwood_City_February_2013_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oracle offices and former headquarters in Redwood Shores, California"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Oracle_Redwood_City_February_2013_panorama.jpg/1200px-Oracle_Redwood_City_February_2013_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Oracle_Redwood_City_February_2013_panorama.jpg/1800px-Oracle_Redwood_City_February_2013_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Oracle_Redwood_City_February_2013_panorama.jpg/2400px-Oracle_Redwood_City_February_2013_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="16000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_Redwood_City_February_2013_panorama.jpg" title="File:Oracle Redwood City February 2013 panorama.jpg"> </a></div>Oracle offices and former headquarters in Redwood Shores, California</div></div></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_Redwood_City_May_2011_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="300 Oracle Parkway in Redwood Shores"><img alt="300 Oracle Parkway in Redwood Shores" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Oracle_Redwood_City_May_2011_001.jpg/133px-Oracle_Redwood_City_May_2011_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Oracle_Redwood_City_May_2011_001.jpg/200px-Oracle_Redwood_City_May_2011_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Oracle_Redwood_City_May_2011_001.jpg/266px-Oracle_Redwood_City_May_2011_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="4368" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">300 Oracle Parkway in Redwood Shores</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_HQ3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oracle offices in Redwood Shores, with Oracle Plaza building in left foreground"><img alt="Oracle offices in Redwood Shores, with Oracle Plaza building in left foreground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oracle_HQ3.jpg/200px-Oracle_HQ3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oracle_HQ3.jpg/300px-Oracle_HQ3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oracle_HQ3.jpg/400px-Oracle_HQ3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oracle offices in Redwood Shores, with Oracle Plaza building in left foreground</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_Conference_Center,_Oracle_HQ.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Oracle Conference Center in Redwood Shores"><img alt="Oracle Conference Center in Redwood Shores" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Oracle_Conference_Center%2C_Oracle_HQ.JPG/200px-Oracle_Conference_Center%2C_Oracle_HQ.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Oracle_Conference_Center%2C_Oracle_HQ.JPG/300px-Oracle_Conference_Center%2C_Oracle_HQ.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Oracle_Conference_Center%2C_Oracle_HQ.JPG/400px-Oracle_Conference_Center%2C_Oracle_HQ.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oracle Conference Center in Redwood Shores</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_Fountain_(6532480).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fountain in the Oracle lake, Redwood Shores"><img alt="Fountain in the Oracle lake, Redwood Shores" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Oracle_Fountain_%286532480%29.jpg/200px-Oracle_Fountain_%286532480%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Oracle_Fountain_%286532480%29.jpg/300px-Oracle_Fountain_%286532480%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Oracle_Fountain_%286532480%29.jpg/400px-Oracle_Fountain_%286532480%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fountain in the Oracle lake, Redwood Shores</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_at_Thames_Valley_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oracle has a major business campus at Thames Valley Park in Reading in England"><img alt="Oracle has a major business campus at Thames Valley Park in Reading in England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Oracle_at_Thames_Valley_Park.jpg/200px-Oracle_at_Thames_Valley_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Oracle_at_Thames_Valley_Park.jpg/300px-Oracle_at_Thames_Valley_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Oracle_at_Thames_Valley_Park.jpg/400px-Oracle_at_Thames_Valley_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oracle has a major business campus at <a href="/wiki/Thames_Valley_Park" title="Thames Valley Park">Thames Valley Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a> in England</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_Aoyama_Center_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Oracle Aoyama Center Building, with Lexus International Gallery Aoyama"><img alt="Oracle Aoyama Center Building, with Lexus International Gallery Aoyama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Oracle_Aoyama_Center_01.JPG/136px-Oracle_Aoyama_Center_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="136" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Oracle_Aoyama_Center_01.JPG/204px-Oracle_Aoyama_Center_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Oracle_Aoyama_Center_01.JPG/273px-Oracle_Aoyama_Center_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2568" data-file-height="3765" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oracle Aoyama Center Building, with Lexus International Gallery <a href="/wiki/Aoyama,_Minato,_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo">Aoyama</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:OracleMarkham.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Oracle in Markham, Ontario"><img alt="Oracle in Markham, Ontario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/OracleMarkham.JPG/200px-OracleMarkham.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/OracleMarkham.JPG/300px-OracleMarkham.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/OracleMarkham.JPG/400px-OracleMarkham.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oracle in <a href="/wiki/Markham,_Ontario" title="Markham, Ontario">Markham, Ontario</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oracle_office_in_Melbourne.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oracle office in Melbourne, Australia"><img alt="Oracle office in Melbourne, Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Oracle_office_in_Melbourne.jpg/193px-Oracle_office_in_Melbourne.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Oracle_office_in_Melbourne.jpg/289px-Oracle_office_in_Melbourne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Oracle_office_in_Melbourne.jpg/386px-Oracle_office_in_Melbourne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="2331" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oracle office in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_structures">Corporate structures</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Corporate structures">edit</a>]</div> Oracle Corporation operates in multiple markets and has acquired several companies which formerly functioned autonomously. In some cases these provided the starting points for global business units (GBUs) targeting particular vertical markets.<a href="#cite_note-Sanati-18Dec2017-193">[193]</a> Oracle Corporation GBUs include: <ul><li>Communications</li> <li>Construction and engineering—formerly the Primavera GBU</li> <li>Financial services</li> <li>Food and Beverages</li> <li>Health sciences</li> <li>Hospitality</li> <li>Retail</li> <li>Energy and Water</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sponsorships">Sponsorships</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Sponsorships">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Sailing_Grand_Prix_2006_Oracle-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/German_Sailing_Grand_Prix_2006_Oracle-2.jpg/220px-German_Sailing_Grand_Prix_2006_Oracle-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/German_Sailing_Grand_Prix_2006_Oracle-2.jpg/330px-German_Sailing_Grand_Prix_2006_Oracle-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/German_Sailing_Grand_Prix_2006_Oracle-2.jpg/440px-German_Sailing_Grand_Prix_2006_Oracle-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>BMW Oracle Racing USA-71, at the German Sailing Grand Prix Kiel 2006. It was moored at Oracle headquarters in Redwood Shores, California until 2014.</figcaption></figure> On October 20, 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Golden_State_Warriors" title="Golden State Warriors">Golden State Warriors</a> and the Oracle Corporation announced a 10-year agreement in which the Oakland Arena would become known as the <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle Arena">Oracle Arena</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> The agreement ended after the 2018–2019 NBA season when the Warriors relocated to the <a href="/wiki/Chase_Center" title="Chase Center">Chase Center</a> in San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Larry Ellison's sailing team competes as <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Team_USA" title="Oracle Team USA">Oracle Team USA</a>. The team has won the <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Cup" title="America's Cup">America's Cup</a> twice, in 2010 (as BMW Oracle Racing)<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> and in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> despite being penalized for cheating.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sean_D._Tucker" title="Sean D. Tucker">Sean Tucker</a>'s "Challenger II" stunt biplane is sponsored by Oracle and performs frequently at air shows around the US.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> In January 2019, the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a> entered into a 20-year agreement to rename their stadium <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Park" title="Oracle Park">Oracle Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> From the <a href="/wiki/2022_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2022 Formula One World Championship">2022 Formula One season</a>, Oracle signed a five-year deal worth $500m to become title sponsors of <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull_Racing" title="Red Bull Racing">Red Bull Racing</a>, after already being a sponsor effective from the <a href="/wiki/2021_Formula_One_World_Championship" title="2021 Formula One World Championship">2021 season</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> In 1994 and 1995, Oracle sponsored <a href="/wiki/Benetton_Formula" title="Benetton Formula">Benetton</a>. It was revealed in July 2022 that <a href="/wiki/NASCAR_Cup_Series" title="NASCAR Cup Series">NASCAR</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Joe_Gibbs_Racing" title="Joe Gibbs Racing">Joe Gibbs Racing</a> team tried to sign a sponsorship with Oracle after <a href="/wiki/Mars_Inc." title="Mars Inc.">Mars Inc.</a> would announce they would leave JGR after the 2022 season, but the deal reportedly fell through.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cover_Oregon_website_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Cover Oregon website failure">Cover Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Applications" title="Oracle Applications">Oracle Applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Certification_Program" title="Oracle Certification Program">Oracle Certification Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Clinical" title="Oracle Clinical">Oracle Clinical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Linux" title="Oracle Linux">Oracle Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_User_Group" title="Oracle User Group">Oracle User Group</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/21px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/32px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/42px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="1885" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Portal:San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/19px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/29px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/38px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/19px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/29px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Electronics" title="Portal:Electronics">Electronics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/19px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/30px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/39px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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Retrieved August 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASCAR%3A+Potential+Joe+Gibbs+Racing+sponsor+revealed&rft.pub=Beyondtheflag.com&rft.date=2022-07-26&rft.aulast=Fair&rft.aufirst=Asher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbeyondtheflag.com%2F2022%2F07%2F26%2Fnascar-potential-joe-gibbs-racing-sponsor-revealed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOracle+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendelsohn2013" class="citation journal cs1">Mendelsohn, Andrew (April–June 2013). "The Oracle Story: 1984–2001". <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Annals_of_the_History_of_Computing" title="IEEE Annals of the History of Computing">IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</a>. 35 (2): 10–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMAHC.2012.56">10.1109/MAHC.2012.56</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17907189">17907189</a>. INSPEC Accession Number 13640647.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Annals+of+the+History+of+Computing&rft.atitle=The+Oracle+Story%3A+1984%E2%80%932001&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=10-23&rft.date=2013-04%2F2013-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FMAHC.2012.56&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A17907189%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mendelsohn&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOracle+Corporation" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oracle_Corporation&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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selflink">Oracle Corporation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporate directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffrey Berg (page does not exist)">Jeffrey Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Raymond_Bingham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Raymond Bingham (page does not exist)">H. Raymond Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Boskin" title="Michael Boskin">Michael Boskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safra_Catz" title="Safra Catz">Safra Catz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ctor_Garc%C3%ADa-Molina" title="Héctor García-Molina">Héctor García-Molina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grundfest" title="Joseph Grundfest">Joseph Grundfest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_O._Henley" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeffrey O. Henley">Jeffrey O. Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hurd" title="Mark Hurd">Mark Hurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack F. Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_L._Lucas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald L. Lucas (page does not exist)">Donald L. Lucas</a></li> <li>Naomi O. Seligman</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acquisitions (<a href="/wiki/List_of_acquisitions_by_Oracle" title="List of acquisitions by Oracle">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeopleSoft" title="PeopleSoft">PeopleSoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_Solutions" title="Hyperion Solutions">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebel_Systems" title="Siebel Systems">Siebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BEA_Systems" title="BEA Systems">BEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Edwards" title="JD Edwards">JD Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RightNow_Technologies" title="RightNow Technologies">RightNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Iron" title="Virtual Iron">Virtual Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TimesTen" title="TimesTen">TimesTen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunopsis (page does not exist)">Sunopsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetSuite" title="NetSuite">NetSuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerner">Cerner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Databases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InnoDB" title="InnoDB">InnoDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_DB" title="Berkeley DB">Berkeley DB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TimesTen" title="TimesTen">TimesTen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Rdb" title="Oracle Rdb">Rdb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essbase" title="Essbase">Essbase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PL/SQL" title="PL/SQL">PL/SQL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Integrated development environment">IDEs</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JDeveloper" title="JDeveloper">JDeveloper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Forms" title="Oracle Forms">Forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBeans" title="NetBeans">NetBeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Application_Express" title="Oracle Application Express">Apex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_SQL_Developer" title="Oracle SQL Developer">SQL Developer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Developer_Studio" title="Oracle Developer Studio">Developer Studio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middleware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Fusion_Middleware" title="Oracle Fusion Middleware">Fusion Middleware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_WebCenter" title="Oracle WebCenter">WebCenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_SOA_Suite" title="Oracle SOA Suite">SOA Suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_WebLogic_Server" title="Oracle WebLogic Server">WebLogic Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Coherence" title="Oracle Coherence">Coherence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuxedo_(software)" title="Tuxedo (software)">Tuxedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlassFish" title="GlassFish">GlassFish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Linux" title="Oracle Linux">Oracle Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Solaris" title="Oracle Solaris">Oracle Solaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computer hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Fire" title="Sun Fire">Sun Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARC" title="SPARC">SPARC</a> (<a href="/wiki/SPARC_T-Series" class="mw-redirect" title="SPARC T-Series">T-Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/SPARC_Enterprise" title="SPARC Enterprise">Enterprise</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_Technology_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Storage Technology Corporation">StorageTek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computer appliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Exadata" title="Oracle Exadata">Oracle Exadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Exalogic" title="Oracle Exalogic">Oracle Exalogic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Big_Data_Appliance" title="Oracle Big Data Appliance">Big Data Appliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education and recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Certification_Program" title="Oracle Certification Program">Oracle Certification Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Oracle_Corporation" title="Category:Oracle Corporation">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_personal_computer,_server,_and_mainframe_hardware_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_computer_hardware_companies" title="Template:Major computer hardware companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_computer_hardware_companies" title="Template talk:Major computer hardware companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_computer_hardware_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major computer hardware companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_personal_computer,_server,_and_mainframe_hardware_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major personal computer, server, and mainframe hardware companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with an annual revenue of over US$3 billion</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal computers and servers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus">Asus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro-Star_International" title="Micro-Star International">MSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razer_Inc." title="Razer Inc.">Razer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dynabook_Inc." title="Dynabook Inc.">Dynabook</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Servers_only" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Servers only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_EMC" title="Dell EMC">Dell EMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspur" title="Inspur">Inspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oracle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainframes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_information_technology_companies_by_revenue" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest information technology companies by revenue">Largest IT companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_hardware_manufacturers" title="List of computer hardware manufacturers">Computer hardware manufacturers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Home_computer_hardware_companies" title="Category:Home computer hardware companies">Home computer hardware companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Server_hardware" title="Category:Server hardware">Server hardware</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Mainframe_computers" title="Category:Mainframe computers">Mainframe computers</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_Internet_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_Internet_companies" title="Template:Major Internet companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_Internet_companies" title="Template talk:Major Internet companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_Internet_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major Internet companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_Internet_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with an annual revenue of over US$4 billion</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Internet_companies" title="List of largest Internet companies">Internet </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Group" title="Alibaba Group">Alibaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAC_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="IAC (company)">IAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakao" title="Kakao">Kakao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meituan" title="Meituan">Meituan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naver_Corporation" title="Naver Corporation">Naver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetEase" title="NetEase">NetEase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cloud computing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">AWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">Apple iCloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oracle Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ServiceNow" title="ServiceNow">ServiceNow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">E-commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booking_Holdings" title="Booking Holdings">Booking Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupang" title="Coupang">Coupang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedia" title="Expedia">Expedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flipkart" title="Flipkart">Flipkart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupon" title="Groupon">Groupon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD.com" title="JD.com">JD.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazada_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazada Group">Lazada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercado_Libre" title="Mercado Libre">Mercado Libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakuten" title="Rakuten">Rakuten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopee" title="Shopee">Shopee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopify" title="Shopify">Shopify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suning.com" title="Suning.com">Suning.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trip.com" title="Trip.com">Trip.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayfair" title="Wayfair">Wayfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalando" title="Zalando">Zalando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaishou" title="Kuaishou">Kuaishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix,_Inc." title="Netflix, Inc.">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Streaming" title="Paramount Streaming">Paramount Streaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery" title="Warner Bros. Discovery">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_information_storage_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_information_storage_companies" title="Template:Major information storage companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_information_storage_companies" title="Template talk:Major information storage companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_information_storage_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major information storage companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_information_storage_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Information_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Information storage">information storage</a> companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with an annual revenue of over US$3 billion</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADATA" title="ADATA">ADATA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Inc.">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Technologies" title="Dell Technologies">Dell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dell_EMC" title="Dell EMC">Dell EMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitachi_Data_Systems" title="Hitachi Data Systems">Hitachi Data Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_Technology" title="Kingston Technology">Kingston Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plextor" title="Plextor">Plextor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Power" title="Silicon Power">Silicon Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcend_Information" title="Transcend Information">Transcend Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_software_companies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_software_companies" title="Template:Major software companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_software_companies" title="Template talk:Major software companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_software_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major software companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_software_companies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with annual software revenue of over US$3 billion</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_IT_Group" title="Amadeus IT Group">Amadeus IT Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrix_Systems" title="Citrix Systems">Citrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIS_(company)" title="FIS (company)">FIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuit" title="Intuit">Intuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infor" title="Infor">Infor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_Software" title="Quest Software">Quest Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_Group" title="Sage Group">Sage Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent" title="Tencent">Tencent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_technology_companies_by_revenue" title="List of largest technology companies by revenue">Largest IT companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_software_companies" title="List of the largest software companies">Largest software companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Software_companies" title="Category:Software companies">Category:Software companies</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Contract_research_organization" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Contract_research_organization" title="Template:Contract research organization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Contract_research_organization" title="Template talk:Contract research organization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Contract_research_organization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Contract research organization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Contract_research_organization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Contract_research_organization" title="Contract research organization">Contract research organization</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clinical Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calyx_(clinical_research_company)" title="Calyx (clinical research company)">Calyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_Trials_Support_Unit" title="Cancer Trials Support Unit">Cancer Trials Support Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Laboratories" title="Charles River Laboratories">Charles River Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLARIO" title="CLARIO">CLARIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craven_Laboratories" title="Craven Laboratories">Craven Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokumeds" title="Dokumeds">Dokumeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPharmaSolutions" title="EPharmaSolutions">ePharmaSolutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortrea" title="Fortrea">Fortrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Institute_for_Global_Health" title="George Institute for Global Health">George Institute for Global Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICON_PLC" title="ICON PLC">ICON PLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icosagen_(company)" title="Icosagen (company)">Icosagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IQVIA" title="IQVIA">IQVIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCR_CRO" title="KCR CRO">KCR CRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medpace" title="Medpace">Medpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parexel" title="Parexel">Parexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPD,_Inc." title="PPD, Inc.">PPD, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRA_Health_Sciences" title="PRA Health Sciences">PRA Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrogenix" title="Retrogenix">Retrogenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syneos_Health" title="Syneos Health">Syneos Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIL_Research_Laboratories" title="WIL Research Laboratories">WIL Research Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNS_Global_Services" title="WNS Global Services">WNS Global Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Laboratories" title="Wolfe Laboratories">Wolfe Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WuXi_AppTec" title="WuXi AppTec">Wuxi Apptec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clinical and Healthcare IT</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accenture" title="Accenture">Accenture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarivate" title="Clarivate">Clarivate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytel" title="Cytel">Cytel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCLTech" title="HCLTech">HCLTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indegene" title="Indegene">Indegene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infosys" title="Infosys">Infosys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTIMindtree" title="LTIMindtree">LTIMindtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medidata_Solutions" title="Medidata Solutions">Medidata Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merative" title="Merative">Merative</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oracle Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Consultancy_Services" title="Tata Consultancy Services">Tata Consultancy Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognizant" title="Cognizant">Cognizant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_Mahindra" title="Tech Mahindra">Tech Mahindra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnitedHealth_Group" title="UnitedHealth Group">UnitedHealth Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optum" title="Optum">Optum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeva_Systems" title="Veeva Systems">Veeva Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wipro" title="Wipro">Wipro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cencora" title="Cencora">Cencora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danaher_Corporation" title="Danaher Corporation">Cytiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biocon" title="Biocon">Syngene International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific" title="Thermo Fisher Scientific">Thermo Fisher Scientific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19900#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19900#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19900#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000446624679">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125944013">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5108943-9">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr94009943">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00876920">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36021387">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0064795&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" 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