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height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Bahasa+sakral" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Bahasa+sakral" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Bahasa+sakral" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Bahasa+sakral" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Konsep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Konsep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama_Buddha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama_Buddha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Agama Buddha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama_Buddha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama_Kristen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama_Kristen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Agama Kristen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama_Kristen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama_Hindu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama_Hindu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Agama Hindu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama_Hindu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Agama Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama_Yahudi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama_Yahudi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Agama Yahudi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama_Yahudi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_bahasa_liturgis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_bahasa_liturgis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Daftar bahasa liturgis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_bahasa_liturgis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahasa sakral</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 40 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9" title="لغة مقدسة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة مقدسة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%87" title="لغه مقدسه – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه مقدسه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llingua_llit%C3%BArxica" title="Llingua llitúrxica – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingua llitúrxica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCq%C9%99dd%C9%99s_dil" title="Müqəddəs dil – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müqəddəs dil" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Богослужебен език – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Богослужебен език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="পবিত্র ভাষা – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পবিত্র ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_sacra" title="Llengua sacra – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua sacra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgick%C3%BD_jazyk" title="Liturgický jazyk – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Liturgický jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Тĕн чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕн чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakralsprache" title="Sakralsprache – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sakralsprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ιερή γλώσσα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιερή γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sacred language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanktaj_lingvoj" title="Sanktaj lingvoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sanktaj lingvoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_lit%C3%BArgica" title="Lengua litúrgica – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua litúrgica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizkuntza_sakratu" title="Hizkuntza sakratu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntza sakratu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="زبان مقدس – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان مقدس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturginen_kieli" title="Liturginen kieli – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liturginen kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_liturgique" title="Langue liturgique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue liturgique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjerketaal" title="Tsjerketaal – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsjerketaal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_lit%C3%BArxica" title="Lingua litúrxica – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua litúrxica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A9" title="לשון קודש – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לשון קודש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="धार्मिक भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="धार्मिक भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_sacra" title="Lingua sacra – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua sacra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B8%E7%A4%BC%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="典礼言語 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="典礼言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_sacra" title="Lingua sacra – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua sacra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litur%C4%A3isk%C4%81_valoda" title="Liturģiskā valoda – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Liturģiskā valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Богослужбен јазик – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Богослужбен јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_suci" title="Bahasa suci – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa suci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_liturgiczny" title="Język liturgiczny – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język liturgiczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_lit%C3%BArgica" title="Língua litúrgica – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua litúrgica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb%C4%83_liturgic%C4%83" title="Limbă liturgică – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbă liturgică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Язык богослужения – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Язык богослужения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sacred language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgiskt_spr%C3%A5k" title="Liturgiskt språk – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liturgiskt språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_ya_kidini" title="Lugha ya kidini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha ya kidini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="வழிபாட்டு மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வழிபாட்டு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Мова богослужіння – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мова богослужіння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="لسان القدس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لسان القدس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_thi%C3%AAng_li%C3%AAng" title="Ngôn ngữ thiêng liêng – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngôn ngữ thiêng liêng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E4%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="礼仪语言 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="礼仪语言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q839470#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_sakral" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan:Bahasa_sakral&action=edit&redlink=1" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Bahasa sakral</b>, <b>bahasa suci</b>, <b>bahasa liturgis</b>, atau <b>bahasa kudus</b> adalah suatu <a href="/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa">bahasa</a> yang dibudidayakan dan digunakan terutama untuk ibadah <a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">keagamaan</a> atau alasan keagamaan lainnya oleh orang-orang yang menggunakan bahasa utama lain dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konsep">Konsep</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Konsep" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Konsep"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahasa liturgis sering kali merupakan bahasa yang diucapkan dan ditulis dalam masyarakat di mana teks-teks suci agama pertama kali ditetapkan. Namun, teks-teks ini kemudian menjadi tetap dan suci, tetap beku dan kebal terhadap perkembangan linguistik di kemudian hari. Begitu suatu bahasa dikaitkan dengan ibadah agamawi, para penganutnya dapat memberikan suatu ciri kebajikan kepada bahasa ibadah itu yang tidak akan mereka berikan kepada bahasa ibu mereka. Dalam kasus teks kitab suci, ada ketakutan kehilangan keaslian dan keakuratan akibat terjemahan atau terjemahan ulang, dan kesulitan untuk mendapatkan penerimaan bagi versi teks yang baru. Bahasa liturgis biasanya dipegang dengan kesungguhan dan martabat yang tidak dimiliki oleh bahasa sehari-hari. Konsekuensinya, pelatihan pemuka agama dalam penggunaan bahasa liturgis menjadi investasi budaya yang penting, dan penggunaan bahasa mereka dianggap memberi mereka akses ke tubuh pengetahuan yang tidak dapat (atau tidak seharusnya) diakses oleh umat awam yang tidak terlatih. </p><p>Karena bahasa-bahasa sakral dianggap berasal dari kebajikan-kebajikan yang tidak dimiliki oleh bahasa sehari-hari, bahasa-bahasa sakral biasanya mempertahankan karakteristik yang akan hilang dalam perjalanan pengembangan bahasa. Dalam beberapa kasus, bahasa suci adalah bahasa mati . Dalam kasus lain, bahasa liturgis itu mungkin hanya mencerminkan bentuk kuno dari bahasa yang masih hidup. Misalnya, unsur-unsur abad ke-17 bahasa Inggris tetap digunakan saat ini dalam ibadah <a href="/wiki/Protestanisme" title="Protestanisme">Kristen Protestan</a> melalui penggunaan <i><a href="/wiki/Alkitab_Versi_Raja_James" title="Alkitab Versi Raja James">Alkitab Versi Raja James</a></i> atau versi <i><a href="/wiki/Buku_Doa_Umum" title="Buku Doa Umum">Buku Doa Umum</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Anglikanisme" title="Anglikanisme">Anglikan</a> yang lebih tua. Dalam kasus yang lebih ekstrem, bahasanya telah banyak berubah dari bahasa <a href="/wiki/Kitab_suci" title="Kitab suci">teks-teks suci</a> sehingga liturgi tidak lagi dapat dipahami tanpa pelatihan khusus. </p><p>Konsep bahasa suci berbeda dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ilahi" title="Bahasa Ilahi">"bahasa ilahi"</a>, yaitu bahasa yang dianggap berasal dari ilahi (dewa atau dewi) dan mungkin belum tentu berupa bahasa alami. Konsepnya, seperti yang diungkapkan dengan nama naskah, misalnya dalam <a href="/wiki/Aksara_Dewanagari" title="Aksara Dewanagari">Dewanagari</a>, nama naskah yang kira-kira berarti "[naskah] kota", dan digunakan untuk menulis banyak bahasa India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agama_Buddha">Agama Buddha</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Agama Buddha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agama Buddha"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Therav%C4%81da" title="Theravāda">Agama Buddha Theravada</a> menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Pali" title="Bahasa Pali">bahasa Pali</a> sebagai bahasa liturgis utamanya, dan lebih memilih <a href="/wiki/Kanon_P%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon Pāli">tulisan suci</a> untuk dipelajari dalam bahasa Pali asli. Pali berasal dari bahasa India <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prakerta" title="Bahasa Prakerta">Prakrit (Prakerta)</a>, yang pada gilirannya merupakan turunan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sanskerta" title="Bahasa Sanskerta">bahasa Sanskerta</a>. Di Thailand, Pali ditulis menggunakan abjad Thailand, menghasilkan pengucapan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Thai" title="Bahasa Thai">bahasa Thailand</a> untuk bahasa Pali. </p><p>Buddhisme <a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Mahāyāna">Mahāyāna</a> tidak banyak menggunakan bahasa aslinya, Sanskerta. Dalam beberapa ritual Jepang, teks-teks Cina dibacakan atau dilafalkan dengan pengucapan bahasa Jepang menurut aksara penyusunnya, menghasilkan sesuatu yang tidak dapat dipahami dalam kedua bahasa itu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Agama_Buddha_di_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Buddha di Tibet">Buddhisme Tibet</a>, digunakan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tibet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Tibet">bahasa Tibet</a>, tetapi <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantra</a> diucapkan dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sanskerta" title="Bahasa Sanskerta">bahasa Sanskerta</a> . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agama_Kristen">Agama Kristen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Agama Kristen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agama Kristen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:US_Navy_040411-N-1290G-005_Navy_Chaplain_Milton_Gianulis_conducts_an_Easter_morning_Orthodox_Liturgy_candlelight_service_aboard_USS_Harry_S._Truman_(CVN_75).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/US_Navy_040411-N-1290G-005_Navy_Chaplain_Milton_Gianulis_conducts_an_Easter_morning_Orthodox_Liturgy_candlelight_service_aboard_USS_Harry_S._Truman_%28CVN_75%29.jpg/180px-US_Navy_040411-N-1290G-005_Navy_Chaplain_Milton_Gianulis_conducts_an_Easter_morning_Orthodox_Liturgy_candlelight_service_aboard_USS_Harry_S._Truman_%28CVN_75%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/US_Navy_040411-N-1290G-005_Navy_Chaplain_Milton_Gianulis_conducts_an_Easter_morning_Orthodox_Liturgy_candlelight_service_aboard_USS_Harry_S._Truman_%28CVN_75%29.jpg/270px-US_Navy_040411-N-1290G-005_Navy_Chaplain_Milton_Gianulis_conducts_an_Easter_morning_Orthodox_Liturgy_candlelight_service_aboard_USS_Harry_S._Truman_%28CVN_75%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/US_Navy_040411-N-1290G-005_Navy_Chaplain_Milton_Gianulis_conducts_an_Easter_morning_Orthodox_Liturgy_candlelight_service_aboard_USS_Harry_S._Truman_%28CVN_75%29.jpg/360px-US_Navy_040411-N-1290G-005_Navy_Chaplain_Milton_Gianulis_conducts_an_Easter_morning_Orthodox_Liturgy_candlelight_service_aboard_USS_Harry_S._Truman_%28CVN_75%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption>Navy Chaplain Milton Gianulis memimpin sebuah ibadah lilin Liturgi Ortodok pada hari Paskah pagi di atas kapal USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75)</figcaption></figure> <p>Tata ibadah, ritual dan upacara Kristen tidak diperingati menggunakan satu bahasa liturgis tertentu. Gereja-gereja yang melacak asal-usulnya dari para Rasul terus menggunakan bahasa-bahasa baku beberapa abad permulaan Masehi. </p><p>Ini termasuk: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin_Gerejawi" title="Bahasa Latin Gerejawi">Bahasa Latin Gerejawi</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Ritus_liturgi_Latin" title="Ritus liturgi Latin">Ritus liturgi Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani_Koine" title="Bahasa Yunani Koine">Bahasa Yunani Koine</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Yunani" title="Gereja Ortodoks Yunani">Gereja Ortodoks Yunani</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Yunani_Melkit" title="Gereja Katolik Yunani Melkit">Gereja Katolik Yunani</a></li> <li>Gereja Slavia dalam beberapa otosefalus <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Timur" title="Gereja Ortodoks Timur">gereja-Gereja Ortodoks Timur</a> dan <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">Sui iuris</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Gereja-Gereja_Katolik_Timur" title="Gereja-Gereja Katolik Timur">Gereja-Gereja Katolik Timur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Georgia" title="Bahasa Georgia">Bahasa Georgia</a> tua dalam <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Georgia" title="Gereja Ortodoks Georgia">Gereja Ortodoks Georgia</a> dan Gereja Katolik Georgia</li> <li>Bahasa Klasik Armenia dalam <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Apostolik_Armenia" title="Gereja Apostolik Armenia">Gereja Apostolik Armenia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Armenia" title="Gereja Katolik Armenia">Gereja Katolik Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ge%27ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Ge'ez">Bahasa Ge'ez</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Tewahedo_Ortodoks_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Tewahedo Ortodoks Ethiopia">Gereja Ortodoks Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Katolik Ethiopia">Gereja Katolik Ethiopia</a> dan Gereja Ortodoks Eritrea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Koptik" title="Bahasa Koptik">Bahasa Koptik</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Koptik_Aleksandria" title="Gereja Ortodoks Koptik Aleksandria">Gereja Ortodoks Koptik Aleksandria</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Koptik" title="Gereja Katolik Koptik">Gereja Katolik Koptik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Suryani" title="Bahasa Suryani">Bahasa Suryani</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan_Siria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekristenan Siria">kaum Kristen Siria</a> yang diwakili oleh <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Siria" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Ortodoks Siria">Gereja Ortodoks Siria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_dari_Timur" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja dari Timur">Gereja Timur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Kaldea" title="Gereja Katolik Kaldea">Gereja Katolik Kaldea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Siria" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Katolik Siria">Gereja Katolik Siria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Maronit" title="Gereja Maronit">Gereja Maronit</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mazhab-mazhab_Kristen_Santo_Tomas" title="Mazhab-mazhab Kristen Santo Tomas">Gereja-Gereja Kristen Santo Tomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram" title="Bahasa Aram">Bahasa Aram</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Mazhab-mazhab_Kristen_Santo_Tomas" title="Mazhab-mazhab Kristen Santo Tomas">Gereja-Gereja Kristen Santo Tomas</a></li></ul> <p>Penggunaan ekstensif <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a> dalam liturgi Gereja Katolik Roma (liturgi Romawi) terus berlanjut, dalam teori; digunakan secara ekstensif secara rutin dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papal_Mass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papal Mass (halaman belum tersedia)">Misa Kepausan</a>, yang sudah tidak digunakan selama beberapa waktu. Menjelang pemerintahan Paus Santo <a href="/wiki/Damasus_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Damasus I">Damasus I</a>, penggunaan rutin bahasa Yunani dalam liturgi Romawi sudah digantikan sebagian dengan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>. Lambat laun, liturgi Romawi memakai lebih banyak perkataan Latin sampai, umumnya, hanya tersisa beberapa kata <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani" title="Bahasa Ibrani">bahasa Ibrani</a> dan bahasa Yunani. Pengadopsian bahasa Latin lebih lanjut diperkuat ketika <a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a> (versi bahasa Latin kuno <a href="/wiki/Alkitab" title="Alkitab">Alkitab</a>) disunting dan sebagian diterjemahkan ulang dari bahasa asli Ibrani dan Yunani oleh <a href="/wiki/Hieronimus" title="Hieronimus">Santo Hieronimus (Jerome)</a> ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Vulgata" title="Vulgata">Vulgata</a> karyanya. Bahasa Latin terus menjadi bahasa liturgis dan komunikasi Gereja-gereja <a href="/wiki/Ritus_Barat" class="mw-disambig" title="Ritus Barat">Ritus Barat</a>. Salah satu alasan praktis adalah karena tidak adanya bahasa baku sehari-hari (vernakular) selama Abad Pertengahan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agama_Hindu">Agama Hindu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Agama Hindu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agama Hindu"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hinduisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduisme">Agama Hindu</a> secara tradisional dianggap mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sanskerta" title="Bahasa Sanskerta">bahasa Sanskerta</a> sebagai bahasa liturgis utama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agama_Islam">Agama Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Agama Islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agama Islam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Klasik" title="Bahasa Arab Klasik">Bahasa Arab Klasik</a>, atau bahasa Arab Qur'an, adalah bahasa <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a>. Kaum Muslim memahami bahwa Qur'an adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divine_revelation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divine revelation (halaman belum tersedia)">ilham ilahi</a>—merupakan suatu dokumen yang sakral dan kekal, karena merupakan perkataan <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> secara langsung. Sedemikian, Qur'an juga benar-benar Qur'an hanya jika tepat seperti saat diilhamkan—yaitu, dalam bahasa Arab Klasik. Terjemahan-terjemahan Qur'an dalam bahasa-bahasa lain tidak dianggap sebagai Qur'an, melainkan sebagai teks penafsiran, yang berusaha mengkomunikasikan suatu terjemahan pesan Qur'an. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agama_Yahudi">Agama Yahudi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Agama Yahudi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agama Yahudi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inti <a href="/wiki/Alkitab_Ibrani" title="Alkitab Ibrani">Alkitab Ibrani</a> ditulis dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani_Alkitabiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Ibrani Alkitabiah">bahasa Ibrani Alkitabiah</a>, dirujuk oleh sejumlah orang Yahudi sebagai <i><a href="/wiki/Lashon_Hakodesh" title="Lashon Hakodesh">Lashon Hakodesh</a></i> (<span lang="he">לשון הקודש</span>, "Bahasa Kekudusan"; "<i>Language of Holiness</i>"). Bahasa Ibrani (dan dalam sejumlah teks seperti <a href="/wiki/Kaddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddish">Kaddish</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Judeo-Aramaic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Yudeo-Aram</a>) tetap menjadi bahasa tradisional <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish services (halaman belum tersedia)">ibadah agamawi Yahudi</a>, meskipun penggunaannya sekarang bervariasi menurut denominasi: ibadah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_Judaism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthodox Judaism (halaman belum tersedia)">Ortodoks</a> hampir seluruhnya dalam bahasa Ibrani, ibadah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reform_Judaism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reform Judaism (halaman belum tersedia)">Reform</a> menggunakan lebih banyak bahasa nasional dan hanya menggunakan bahasa Ibrani untuk sejumlah doa dan kidung, dan ibadah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_Judaism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative Judaism (halaman belum tersedia)">Conservative</a> biasanya di antara keduanya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_bahasa_liturgis">Daftar bahasa liturgis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar bahasa liturgis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar bahasa liturgis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antara lain: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab_Klasik" title="Bahasa Arab Klasik">Bahasa Arab Klasik</a>, bahasa <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur'an">Al-Qur'an</a>; berbeda dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varieties_of_Arabic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varieties of Arabic (halaman belum tersedia)">berbagai bentuk bahasa Arab percakapan kontemporer</a> dalam area leksikal dan gramatika.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram" title="Bahasa Aram">Bahasa Aram</a>, digunakan dalam sejumlah kitab <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> yang lebih muda, sejumlah doa Yahudi, dan <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Avesta" title="Bahasa Avesta">Bahasa Avesta</a>, bahasa yang digunakan dalam Zend Avesta dan Gatha, teks-teks sakral <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianisme" title="Zoroastrianisme">Zoroastrianisme</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ge%27ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Ge'ez">Bahasa Ge'ez</a>, pendahulu banyak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Semitic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethiopian Semitic languages (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Semitik Ethiopia</a> (contoh: <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Amhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Amhar">Amharik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tigrinya_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tigrinya language (halaman belum tersedia)">Tigrinya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tigre_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tigre language (halaman belum tersedia)">Tigre</a>) yang digunakan sebagai bahasa liturgis oleh <a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta Israel">orang Yahudi Ethiopia</a> dan oleh orang <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kristen</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> (dalam <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Tewahedo_Ortodoks_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Tewahedo Ortodoks Ethiopia">Gereja Tewahedo Ortodoks Ethiopia</a>, Gereja Tewahedo Ortodoks Eritrea, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Katolik Ethiopia">Gereja Katolik Ethiopia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja Katolik Roma</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Habla_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habla Congo (halaman belum tersedia)">Bahasa Habla Kongo</a> (atau <i>Habla Bantu</i>) adalah bahasa liturgis berdasarkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongo_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongo language (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Kongo</a> pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palo_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palo religion (halaman belum tersedia)">agama Palo</a> yang berasal di <a href="/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba">Kuba</a>, kemudian menyebar ke negara-negara lain dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caribbean Basin (halaman belum tersedia)">Cekungan Karibea</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Ibrani_Alkitabiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Ibrani Alkitabiah">Bahasa Ibrani Alkitabiah</a> - bahasa penulisan <a href="/wiki/Alkitab_Ibrani" title="Alkitab Ibrani">Alkitab Ibrani</a>; berbeda dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Hebrew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modern Hebrew (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Ibrani percakapan sekarang ini</a> dalam area leksikal dan gramatika. Keturunan terdekat yang masih hidup adalah bahasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temani (halaman belum tersedia)">Temani</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yemenite_Hebrew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yemenite Hebrew (halaman belum tersedia)">Ibrani Yaman</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Koptik" title="Bahasa Koptik">Bahasa Koptik</a>, suatu bentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyptian language (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Mesir</a> kuno, digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Koptik_Aleksandria" title="Gereja Ortodoks Koptik Aleksandria">Gereja Ortodoks Koptik Aleksandria</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Koptik" title="Gereja Katolik Koptik">Gereja Katolik Koptik</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Suryani" title="Bahasa Suryani">Bahasa Suryani</a>, suatu jenis <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Aram" title="Bahasa Aram">bahasa Aram</a>, digunakan sebagai bahasa liturgis oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syriac_Christianity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syriac Christianity (halaman belum tersedia)">orang Kristen Suriah</a> yang termasuk dalam <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Kaldea" title="Gereja Katolik Kaldea">Gereja Katolik Kaldea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Asiria_Timur" title="Gereja Asiria Timur">Gereja Asiria Timur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Siria" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Ortodoks Siria">Gereja Ortodoks Siria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Siria" class="mw-redirect" title="Gereja Katolik Siria">Gereja Katolik Siria</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Maronit" title="Gereja Maronit">Gereja Maronit</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tionghoa_Klasik" title="Bahasa Tionghoa Klasik">Bahasa Tionghoa Klasik</a>, bahasa sastra Tiongkok yang lebih tua dan <a href="/wiki/Agama_Konghucu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Konghucu">Konfusianisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme">Taoisme</a>, dan di Asia Timur juga dalam teks-teks sakral <a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Mahāyāna">Buddha Mahayana</a>, yang jelas berbeda dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin" title="Bahasa Mandarin">bahasa Mandarin</a> percakapan kontemporer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani_Koine" title="Bahasa Yunani Koine">Bahasa Yunani Koine</a>, bahasa Kekristenan perdana dan semua kitab <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Baru" title="Perjanjian Baru">Perjanjian Baru</a>. Sekarang merupakan bahasa liturgis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Christianity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek Christianity (halaman belum tersedia)">Kekristenan Yunani</a>. Jelas berbeda dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_Greek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modern Greek (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Yunani Modern</a>, tetapi masih tetap dapat dimengerti oleh pemakai bahasa Yunani Modern.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_sakral&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBuswell2003" class="citation">Buswell, Robert E., ed. (2003), <i>Encyclopedia of Buddhism</i>, <b>1</b>, London: Macmillan, hlm. 137</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Buddhism&rft.place=London&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+sakral" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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