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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Museu_da_agua_-_Caisse_de_messure_Michelot.jpg/225px-Museu_da_agua_-_Caisse_de_messure_Michelot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Museu_da_agua_-_Caisse_de_messure_Michelot.jpg/300px-Museu_da_agua_-_Caisse_de_messure_Michelot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Caisse de mesure Michelot, un modèle ancien de <a href="/wiki/Compteur_d%27eau" title="Compteur d'eau">compteur d'eau</a>, permettant de mesurer le débit d'eau</figcaption></figure> <p>Le <b>QIX</b>, ou « <b>q</b>uantité <b>i</b>nstantanée ma<b>x</b>imale », est la valeur du <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9bit_(hydrologie)" title="Débit (hydrologie)">débit</a> instantané maximal d'un <a href="/wiki/Cours_d%27eau" title="Cours d'eau">cours d'eau</a> sur une période donnée<sup id="cite_ref-note_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_de_calculs">Types de calculs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QIX_(hydrologie)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Types de calculs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QIX_(hydrologie)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Types de calculs"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calculé pour différentes durées (2 ans, 5 ans, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr>), il permet d'apprécier statistiquement les risques rattachés à l'écoulement de l'eau en surface. </p><p>Le QIX est estimé en ayant recours à une <a href="/wiki/Distribution_de_Gumbel" class="mw-redirect" title="Distribution de Gumbel">loi statistique de Gumbel</a> modulée par certains paramètres (x<sub>0</sub> et Gradex). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Les_QIX_les_plus_courants">Les QIX les plus courants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QIX_(hydrologie)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Les QIX les plus courants" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QIX_(hydrologie)&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Les QIX les plus courants"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>QIX 2 : « débit instantané maximal de crue biennale » ;</li> <li>QIX 5 : « débit instantané maximal de crue quinquennale » ;</li> <li>QIX 10 : « débit instantané maximal de crue décennale » ;</li> <li>QIX 20 : « débit instantané maximal de crue vicennale » ;</li> <li>QIX 50 : « débit instantané maximal de crue cinquantennale ».</li></ul> <p>Supposons qu'une rivière ait un QIX 2 de 14 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre cube par seconde">m<sup>3</sup>/s</abbr> et un QIX 20 de 23 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre cube par seconde">m<sup>3</sup>/s</abbr>. Cela signifie que : </p> <ul><li>chaque année, une crue de l'ordre de 14 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre cube par seconde">m<sup>3</sup>/s</abbr> a une probabilité de un sur deux de se produire ;</li> <li>chaque année, une crue de 23 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre cube par seconde">m<sup>3</sup>/s</abbr> a une probabilité de un sur vingt de se produire.</li></ul> <p>Il est tout à fait possible que, par exemple, deux crues vicennales se produisent deux années consécutives, puis qu'il n'y en ait pas pendant 50 ans. Il s'agit d'une probabilité d’occurrence et non d'une moyenne d'apparition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QIX_(hydrologie)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QIX_(hydrologie)&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-note_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydro.eaufrance.fr/glossaire.php"><cite style="font-style:normal;">hydroweb</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.hydro.eaufrance.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-03-15" data-sort-value="2019-03-15">15 mars 2019</time>)</small></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QIX_(hydrologie)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QIX_(hydrologie)&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QIX_(hydrologie)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=QIX_(hydrologie)&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-count:2;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cours_d%27eau" title="Cours d'eau">Cours d'eau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau" title="Eau">Eau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrologie" title="Hydrologie">Hydrologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9bit_(hydrologie)" title="Débit (hydrologie)">Débit (hydrologie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QJX" title="QJX">QJX</a> (« <b>q</b>uantité <b>j</b>ournalière ma<b>x</b>imale »)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/QMNA" title="QMNA">QMNA</a> (« <b>q</b>uantité <b>m</b>ensuelle mi<b>n</b>imale <b>a</b>nnuelle »)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9bit_sp%C3%A9cifique" title="Débit spécifique">débit spécifique</a> (ou QSP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCN3" title="VCN3">VCN3</a> (« <b>v</b>olume <b>c</b>onsécutif mi<b>n</b>imal pour <b>3</b> jours »)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Module_(hydrologie)" title="Module (hydrologie)">Module (hydrologie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9bit_r%C3%A9serv%C3%A9" title="Débit réservé">Débit réservé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydro%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroélectricité">Hydroélectricité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_de_retour" title="Période de retour">Période de retour</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:PaleTurquoise;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Hydrologie" title="Modèle:Palette Hydrologie"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Hydrologie&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Hydrologie" title="Hydrologie">Hydrologie</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:LightCyan;"><a href="/wiki/Bassin_versant" title="Bassin versant">Bassin versant</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb%C3%A9do" title="Albédo">Albédo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coefficient_d%27%C3%A9coulement" title="Coefficient d'écoulement">Coefficient d'écoulement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_de_l%27eau" title="Cycle de l'eau">Cycle de l'eau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_de_drainage_(g%C3%A9omorphologie)" title="Réseau de drainage (géomorphologie)">Réseau de drainage (géomorphologie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainage_(environnemental)" title="Drainage (environnemental)">Drainage (environnemental)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaux_douces_souterraines_en_mer" title="Eaux douces souterraines en mer">Eaux douces souterraines en mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89vapotranspiration" title="Évapotranspiration">Évapotranspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonte_des_neiges" title="Fonte des neiges">Fonte des neiges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interfluve" title="Interfluve">Interfluve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligne_de_partage_des_eaux" title="Ligne de partage des eaux">Ligne de partage des eaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruissellement" title="Ruissellement">Ruissellement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruissellement_hypodermique" title="Ruissellement hypodermique">hypodermique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_ruissellement" title="Eau de ruissellement">Eau de ruissellement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talweg" title="Talweg">Talweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temps_de_concentration" title="Temps de concentration">Temps de concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoint_hydrographique" title="Tripoint hydrographique">Tripoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_fluviale" title="Vallée fluviale">Vallée fluviale</a></li></ul> </div></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Icono_Gota_de_Agua.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Icono_Gota_de_Agua.svg/40px-Icono_Gota_de_Agua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Icono_Gota_de_Agua.svg/60px-Icono_Gota_de_Agua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Icono_Gota_de_Agua.svg/80px-Icono_Gota_de_Agua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:LightCyan;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9cipitations" title="Précipitations">Précipitations</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89valuation_quantitative_des_pr%C3%A9cipitations" title="Évaluation quantitative des précipitations">Évaluation quantitative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogramme" title="Hydrogramme">Hydrogramme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrom%C3%A9trie" title="Hydrométrie">Hydrométrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hy%C3%A9togramme" title="Hyétogramme">Hyétogramme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lame_d%27eau" title="Lame d'eau">Lame d'eau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9vision_quantitative_de_pr%C3%A9cipitations" title="Prévision quantitative de précipitations">Prévision quantitative</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:LightCyan;">Types</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li>Hydrologie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrologie_de_surface" title="Hydrologie de surface">de surface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A9ologie" title="Hydrogéologie">souterraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrologie_isotopique" title="Hydrologie isotopique">isotopique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrog%C3%A9ologie" title="Hydrogéologie">Hydrogéologie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquitard" title="Aquitard">Aquitard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquiclude" title="Aquiclude">Aquiclude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conductivit%C3%A9_hydraulique" title="Conductivité hydraulique">Conductivité hydraulique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiltration_(hydrologie)" title="Infiltration (hydrologie)">Infiltration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substratum" title="Substratum">Substratum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nappe_phr%C3%A9atique" title="Nappe phréatique">Nappe phréatique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabattement_de_nappe" title="Rabattement de nappe">Rabattement de nappe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrom%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie" title="Hydrométéorologie">Hydrométéorologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromorphologie" title="Hydromorphologie">Hydromorphologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cohydrologie" title="Écohydrologie">Écohydrologie</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:LightCyan;">Calcul, <a href="/wiki/Simulation_informatique" title="Simulation informatique">Simulation</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9bit_(hydrologie)" title="Débit (hydrologie)">Débit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Module_(hydrologie)" title="Module (hydrologie)">Module</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">QIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QJX" title="QJX">QJX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QMNA" title="QMNA">QMNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCN3" title="VCN3">VCN3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loi_de_Darcy" title="Loi de Darcy">Loi de Darcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_hydrologique" title="Modèle hydrologique">Modèle</a>, <a href="/wiki/HEC-HMS" title="HEC-HMS">HEC-HMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IRIP" title="IRIP">Méthode IRIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_hydrologique" title="Régime hydrologique">Régime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_glaciaire" title="Régime glaciaire">glaciaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_nival" title="Régime nival">nival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_nivo-pluvial" title="Régime nivo-pluvial">nivo-pluvial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_pluvial" title="Régime pluvial">pluvial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_pluvio-nival" title="Régime pluvio-nival">pluvio-nival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_hydrologique" title="Station hydrologique">Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coefficient_de_Pard%C3%A9" title="Coefficient de Pardé">Coefficient de Pardé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistique" title="Statistique">Statistiques</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analyse_fr%C3%A9quentielle" title="Analyse fréquentielle">Analyse fréquentielle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonction_de_r%C3%A9partition" title="Fonction de répartition">Fonction de répartition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loi_de_Gumbel" title="Loi de Gumbel">Loi de Gumbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_de_retour" title="Période de retour">Période de retour</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:LightCyan;"><a href="/wiki/Exohydrologie" title="Exohydrologie">Exohydrologie</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_liquide_dans_l%27Univers" title="Eau liquide dans l'Univers">Eau liquide dans l'Univers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_sur_la_Lune" title="Eau sur la Lune">Eau sur la Lune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_sur_Mars" title="Eau sur Mars">Eau sur Mars</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:LightCyan;">Thèmes connexes</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartographie_des_risques" title="Cartographie des risques">Cartographie des risques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulique" title="Hydraulique">Hydraulique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrographie" title="Hydrographie">Hydrographie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie" title="Météorologie">Météorologie</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="background:PaleTurquoise;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lexique_hydrologique" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexique hydrologique">Lexique</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Eau" title="Portail de l’eau"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Circle-icons-water.svg/24px-Circle-icons-water.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Circle-icons-water.svg/36px-Circle-icons-water.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Circle-icons-water.svg/48px-Circle-icons-water.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Eau" title="Portail:Eau">Portail de l’eau</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Lacs_et_cours_d%27eau" title="Portail des lacs et cours d'eau"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Icon_river_delta.svg/22px-Icon_river_delta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Icon_river_delta.svg/32px-Icon_river_delta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Icon_river_delta.svg/43px-Icon_river_delta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Lacs_et_cours_d%27eau" title="Portail:Lacs et cours d'eau">Portail des lacs et cours d'eau</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QIX_(hydrologie)&oldid=192831100">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=QIX_(hydrologie)&oldid=192831100</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" 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