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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Song_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Song_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Song dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Song_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yuan_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yuan_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Yuan dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yuan_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ming_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ming_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Ming dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ming_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qing_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qing_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Qing dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qing_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Empire_of_Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empire_of_Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Empire of Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empire_of_Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Republic of China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ethnicities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Political dispute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug_trafficking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_trafficking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Drug trafficking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_trafficking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Penghu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="بسكادورز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بسكادورز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islles_Pescadores" title="Islles Pescadores – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islles Pescadores" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penhuledao" title="Penhuledao – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Penhuledao" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%AA%E2%81%BF-%C3%B4%CD%98_K%C3%BBn-t%C3%B3" title="Phêⁿ-ô͘ Kûn-tó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phêⁿ-ô͘ Kûn-tó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%83" title="Пенху – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пенху" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illes_dels_Pescadors" title="Illes dels Pescadors – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illes dels Pescadors" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pescadores_(kapuloan)" title="Pescadores (kapuloan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pescadores (kapuloan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peskadorsk%C3%A9_ostrovy" title="Peskadorské ostrovy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Peskadorské ostrovy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pescadorerne" title="Pescadorerne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pescadorerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghu-Inseln" title="Penghu-Inseln – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Penghu-Inseln" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghu_saarestik" title="Penghu saarestik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Penghu saarestik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islas_Pescadores" title="Islas Pescadores – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Islas Pescadores" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghuoj" title="Penghuoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Penghuoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pescadores_uharteak" title="Pescadores uharteak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pescadores uharteak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%86%D9%87%D9%88" title="جزایر پنهو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزایر پنهو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Pescadores" title="Îles Pescadores – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Îles Pescadores" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%91%ED%9B%84_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="펑후 제도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="펑후 제도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabupaten_Kepulauan_Penghu" title="Kabupaten Kepulauan Penghu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kabupaten Kepulauan Penghu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isole_Penghu" title="Isole Penghu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isole Penghu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghu_salos" title="Penghu salos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Penghu salos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghu-szigetek" title="Penghu-szigetek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Penghu-szigetek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penghu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0ng-h%C3%B9_G%C3%B9ng-d%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Pàng-hù Gùng-dō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pàng-hù Gùng-dō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%85%D2%AF" title="Пөнхү – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Пөнхү" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghu-eilanden" title="Penghu-eilanden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Penghu-eilanden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E8%AB%B8%E5%B3%B6" title="澎湖諸島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="澎湖諸島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pescadores" title="Pescadores – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pescadores" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peskadory" title="Peskadory – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Peskadory" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhas_Pescadores" title="Ilhas Pescadores – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilhas Pescadores" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Пэнхуледао – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пэнхуледао" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Penghu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peskadorit" title="Peskadorit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Peskadorit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pescadorerna" title="Pescadorerna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pescadorerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pescadores" title="Pescadores 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Penghu&params=23_34_03_N_119_34_39_E_region:TW_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°34′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">119°34′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.56750°N 119.57750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.56750; 119.57750</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu_Islands&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghu Islands">Penghu Islands</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island group and county of Taiwan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Pescadores" redirects here. For the Ecuadorian socio-ethnic group, see <a href="/wiki/Cholos_pescadores" title="Cholos pescadores">Cholos pescadores</a>. For the 1938 Mexican film, see <a href="/wiki/Pescadores_de_perlas" title="Pescadores de perlas">Pescadores de perlas</a>. It is not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Pescador" title="Pescador">Pescador</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pescador_Island" title="Pescador Island">Pescador Island</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">County in Taiwan Province, Republic of China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Penghu Islands</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">澎湖縣</span></span></span></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Pescadores</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/County_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (Taiwan)">County</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Penghu County</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Penghu_County_Montage.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Clockwise from the top: A night view of Xiying Rainbow Bridge, Zhongyang Old Street, Qimei Double-Heart of Stacked Stones, Baisha Beach, Penghu Tianhou Temple, Budai Harbor"><img alt="Clockwise from the top: A night view of Xiying Rainbow Bridge, Zhongyang Old Street, Qimei Double-Heart of Stacked Stones, Baisha Beach, Penghu Tianhou Temple, Budai Harbor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Penghu_County_Montage.png/250px-Penghu_County_Montage.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Penghu_County_Montage.png/375px-Penghu_County_Montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Penghu_County_Montage.png/500px-Penghu_County_Montage.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="748" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise from the top: A night view of Xiying Rainbow Bridge, Zhongyang Old Street, <a href="/wiki/Double-Heart_of_Stacked_Stones" title="Double-Heart of Stacked Stones">Qimei Double-Heart of Stacked Stones</a>, Baisha Beach, <a href="/wiki/Penghu_Tianhou_Temple" title="Penghu Tianhou Temple">Penghu Tianhou Temple</a>, Budai Harbor</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Penghu_County.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Penghu Islands"><img alt="Flag of Penghu Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Penghu_County.svg/100px-Flag_of_Penghu_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Penghu_County.svg/150px-Flag_of_Penghu_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Penghu_County.svg/200px-Flag_of_Penghu_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Penghu_County.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Penghu Islands"><img alt="Official seal of Penghu Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Seal_of_Penghu_County.svg/100px-Seal_of_Penghu_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Seal_of_Penghu_County.svg/150px-Seal_of_Penghu_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Seal_of_Penghu_County.svg/200px-Seal_of_Penghu_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="299" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 260px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="260" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_0407c86cb0736b242065a91d8b9707aa82db56d4"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,260x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Penghu&revid=1259749560&groups=_0407c86cb0736b242065a91d8b9707aa82db56d4" width="260" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,260x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Penghu&revid=1259749560&groups=_0407c86cb0736b242065a91d8b9707aa82db56d4 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_ROC_political_division_map_Penghu_County.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Taiwan_ROC_political_division_map_Penghu_County.svg/250px-Taiwan_ROC_political_division_map_Penghu_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Taiwan_ROC_political_division_map_Penghu_County.svg/375px-Taiwan_ROC_political_division_map_Penghu_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Taiwan_ROC_political_division_map_Penghu_County.svg/500px-Taiwan_ROC_political_division_map_Penghu_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Penghu&params=23_34_03_N_119_34_39_E_region:TW_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°34′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">119°34′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.56750°N 119.57750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.56750; 119.57750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China (Taiwan)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="List of administrative divisions of Taiwan">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">Taiwan Province</a> (streamlined)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Magong" title="Magong">Magong City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data">Magong</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Boroughs</th><td class="infobox-data">One city, five rural townships</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penghu_County_Government" title="Penghu County Government">Penghu County Government</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Penghu_County_Council" title="Penghu County Council">Penghu County Council</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • County Magistrate</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chen_Kuang-fu" title="Chen Kuang-fu">Chen Kuang-fu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">DPP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">141.052 km<sup>2</sup> (54.460 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="List of administrative divisions of Taiwan">22 of 22</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(December 2014)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">101,758</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="List of administrative divisions of Taiwan">21 of 22</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">720/km<sup>2</sup> (1,900/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="National Standard Time">National Standard Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">TW-PEN</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/">www.penghu.gov.tw</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bird</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alauda_gulgula" class="mw-redirect" title="Alauda gulgula">Small Skylark</a> (<i>Alauda gulgula</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaillardia_pulchella" title="Gaillardia pulchella">Firewheel</a> (<i>Gaillardia pulchella</i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tree</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Banyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Banyan">Chinese Banyan</a> (<i>Ficus microcarpa</i>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Penghu Islands</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:澎湖群島">澎湖群島</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pescadores Islands</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pénghú Qúndǎo</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄆㄥˊ   ㄏㄨˊ<br />ㄑㄩㄣˊ   ㄉㄠˇ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pernghwu Chyundao</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pʻêng<sup>2</sup>-hu<sup>2</sup> Chʻün<sup>2</sup>-tao<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pénghú Cyúndǎo</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pénghú Chyúndǎu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pénghú Chiúndǎu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[pʰə̌ŋ.xǔ tɕʰy̌n.tàʊ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Phîⁿ-ô͘-kûn-tó <i>or</i><br />Phêⁿ-ô͘-kûn-tó</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Phînn-ôo-kûn-tó <i>or</i><br />Phênn-ôo-kûn-tó</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Penghu Island</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E5%B3%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:澎湖島">澎湖島</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pénghú Dǎo</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄆㄥˊ   ㄏㄨˊ   ㄉㄠˇ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pernghwu Dao</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pʻêng<sup>2</sup>-hu<sup>2</sup> Tao<sup>3</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pénghú Dǎo</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pénghú Dǎu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pénghú Dǎu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[pʰə̌ŋ.xǔ tàʊ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Phîⁿ-ô͘-tó <i>or</i><br />Phêⁿ-ô͘-tó</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Phînn-ôo-tó <i>or</i><br />Phênn-ôo-tó</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Penghu County</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96" class="extiw" title="wikt:澎湖">澎湖</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B8%A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:縣">縣</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pénghú Xiàn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄆㄥˊ   ㄏㄨˊ   ㄒㄧㄢˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pernghwu Shiann</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pʻêng<sup>2</sup>-hu<sup>2</sup> Hsien<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pénghú Siàn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pénghú Syàn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Pénghú Shiàn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[pʰə̌ŋ.xǔ ɕjɛ̂n]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk-fa-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Pha̍k-fa-sṳ">Pha̍k-fa-sṳ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Hakka-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="hak-Latn">Phàng-fù-yen</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Phîⁿ-ô͘-koān <i>or</i><br />Phêⁿ-ô͘-koān</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Phînn-ôo-kuān <i>or</i><br />Phênn-ôo-kuān</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:24em; ; font-size: 90%; color: #202122;background-color: #EBEBFF;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #EBEBFF;">Historical affiliations</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (1170–1279)<br /><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Great Yuan Empire</a> (1281–1368)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Great Ming Empire</a> (1368–1622, 1624–1644)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fengguiwei_Fort" title="Fengguiwei Fort">Dutch Empire</a> (1622–1624)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ming_Cheng.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Kingdom of Tungning</a> (1661–1683)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Great Qing Empire</a> (1683–1895)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> (1895–1945)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Taiwan (1945–present)">Republic of China</a> (1945–present) </p> </blockquote> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penghu_201506.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Penghu_201506.jpg/250px-Penghu_201506.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Penghu_201506.jpg/375px-Penghu_201506.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Penghu_201506.jpg/500px-Penghu_201506.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption>Northern islands of Penghu (the Pescadores)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Penghu</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">PUNG</span>-<span style="font-size:90%">HOO</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a>: <i>Phîⁿ-ô͘</i>  or <i>Phêⁿ-ô͘</i> ) or <b>Pescadores Islands</b> are an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> of 90 islands and <a href="/wiki/Islet" title="Islet">islets</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a>, about 50 km (31 mi) west of the main <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Taiwan">island of Taiwan</a> across the <a href="/wiki/Penghu_Channel" title="Penghu Channel">Penghu Channel</a>, covering an area of 141 square kilometers (54 sq mi). The archipelago collectively forms <span class="nowrap"><b>Penghu County</b></span> of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and is the smallest <a href="/wiki/County_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (Taiwan)">county</a> of Taiwan. The largest city is <a href="/wiki/Magong" title="Magong">Magong</a>, on the largest island, which is also named Magong. </p><p>The Penghu islands first appear in the historical record in the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> and were inhabited by Chinese people under the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song dynasty">Southern Song dynasty</a>, during which they were attached to <a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang County</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fujian_Circuit" title="Fujian Circuit">Fujian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu2012167-168_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu2012167-168-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The archipelago was formally incorporated as an administrative unit of China in 1281 under <a href="/wiki/Tong%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an">Tong'an</a> County of <a href="/wiki/Jiangzhe_Province" title="Jiangzhe Province">Jiangzhe Province</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-官網歷史沿革_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-官網歷史沿革-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It continued to be controlled by Imperial China with brief European occupations by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch Empire</a> (1622–1624) and <a href="/wiki/Second_French_colonial_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Second French colonial empire">Second French colonial empire</a> (1885), until it was ceded to the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Empire">Japanese Empire</a> in 1895. Since the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Penghu has been governed by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (ROC). Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Sino-American_Mutual_Defense_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty">Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Relations_Act" title="Taiwan Relations Act">Taiwan Relations Act</a> between the ROC and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, Penghu is defined and geographically acknowledged as part of Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penghu Islands rely solely on sea and air transportation, with air transport having a significant role in outside access. The islands are served by three local domestic airports: <a href="/wiki/Penghu_Airport" title="Penghu Airport">Penghu Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qimei_Airport" title="Qimei Airport">Qimei Airport</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wang-an_Airport" title="Wang-an Airport">Wang-an Airport</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Penghu_National_Scenic_Area" title="Penghu National Scenic Area">Penghu National Scenic Area</a> comprises most of the islands and islets of the archipelago. It is also renowned for its unique natural feature of <a href="/wiki/Columnar_jointing" title="Columnar jointing">columnar basalt</a> landscape. <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Taiwan" title="Tourism in Taiwan">Tourism</a> is one of the main sources of income to the county. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "Penghu" islands were mentioned in a series of poems from the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> (618–907). In the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279), it was mentioned that in the Tang period, "Pinghu" barbarians from beyond <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a> had laid siege to <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a>, now the capital of <a href="/wiki/Fujian_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujian Province">Fujian Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu2012167-168_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu2012167-168-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1171, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poet_Lou_Yue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poet Lou Yue (page does not exist)">poet Lou Yue</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%BC%E9%92%A5" class="extiw" title="zh:楼钥">zh</a>]</span> described a place across the sea from <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a>, identified as Penghu, that had thousands of sandbars called "Pinghu" (flat lake) because of the "encircling shape of its inner coastline".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Song sources describe migrants from Fujian cultivating land on Pinghu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu2012168_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu2012168-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1225, the Song historian <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Rukuo" title="Zhao Rukuo">Zhao Rukuo</a> called the islands attached to <a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a> County "Penghu".<sup id="cite_ref-fanghao_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fanghao-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1227, Wang Xiangzhi described Penghu as a group of 36 islands in an "outlying region" which took three days to reach by sailing from Jinjiang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp19806_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp19806-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a> language, both Pinghu and Penghu are pronounced similarly, and scholars in Taiwan believe them to be the same place.<sup id="cite_ref-fanghao_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fanghao-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Southern Min it is pronounced <i>Phêⁿ-ô·</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-campbell_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campbell-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the official <i>Penghu County Chronicle</i>, Penghu's original name had been "Pinghu"(平湖), but as "Ping"(平) sounded similar to "Peng"(彭) in <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a>, "Pinghu"(平湖) was also written as "Penghu"(彭湖), and ultimately the consensus, is to write "Penghu"(澎湖).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ph26-31_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ph26-31-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands have also been called <i>Pehoe</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Minnan</a> name <i>Phêⁿ-ô·</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-campbell_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campbell-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name "Pescadores" comes from the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> name <i>Ilhas dos Pescadores</i> ("Fishermen Islands"). The <a href="/wiki/European_Portuguese" title="European Portuguese">European Portuguese</a> pronunciation is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[pɨʃkɐˈðoɾɨʃ]</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but, in English, it is typically closer to <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-campbell_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-campbell-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Penghu_1" title="Penghu 1">Penghu 1</a>, a fossil jaw (mandible) dating to the Middle or Late <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> that belonged to a member of an extinct <a href="/wiki/Hominin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominin">hominin</a> species, possibly a <a href="/wiki/Denisovan" title="Denisovan">Denisovan</a>, was discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Penghu_Channel" title="Penghu Channel">Penghu Channel</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2008</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Changetal2015_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Changetal2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finds of fine red <a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">cord-marked pottery</a> at Guoye, <a href="/wiki/Huxi,_Penghu" title="Huxi, Penghu">Huxi</a>, indicate that Penghu was visited by <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesians</a> from southwestern Taiwan around 5,000 years ago, though not settled permanently.<sup id="cite_ref-Reclamation_Hall_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reclamation_Hall-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Song_dynasty">Song dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Song dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> from southern <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> began to establish fishing communities on the islands in the 9th and 10th centuries,<sup id="cite_ref-Reclamation_Hall_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reclamation_Hall-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and representatives were intermittently stationed there by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song">Southern Song</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a> governments from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1170</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200686_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200686-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese fishermen had settled on the Penghu Islands by 1171, when a group of "Bisheye" bandits with dark skin speaking a foreign language landed on Penghu and plundered the fields planted by Chinese migrants. The Song government sent soldiers after them and from that time on, Song patrols regularly visited Penghu in the spring and summer. A local official, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Dayou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Dayou (page does not exist)">Wang Dayou</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%8C%B7" class="extiw" title="zh:汪大猷">zh</a>]</span> had houses built on Penghu and stationed troops there to prevent depredations by the Bisheye.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu2012170-171_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu2012170-171-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHsu19806_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsu19806-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200686_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200686-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coins dating to the Xining (1068-1077) and Zhenghe (1111-1117) reign periods as well as many Song pottery and porcelain shards have been unearthed in Penghu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp19806_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp19806-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1225, the <i><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Fan_Zhi" title="Zhu Fan Zhi">Book of Barbarian Nations</a></i> anecdotally indicated that Penghu was attached to Jinjiang, Quanzhou Prefecture.<sup id="cite_ref-官網歷史沿革_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-官網歷史沿革-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A group of Quanzhou immigrants lived on Penghu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1964164_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1964164-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yuan_dynasty">Yuan dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Yuan dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1281, the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a> under <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Emperor Shizu</a> officially established the <i>Penghu Patrol and Inspection Agency</i> under the jurisdiction of <a href="/wiki/Tong%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an">Tong'an</a> County, incorporating Penghu into China's borders 403 years earlier than Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-官網歷史沿革_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-官網歷史沿革-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dayuan" title="Wang Dayuan">Wang Dayuan</a> gave a detailed first-hand account of the islands in his <i><a href="/wiki/Daoyi_Zhil%C3%BCe" title="Daoyi Zhilüe">Daoyi Zhilüe</a></i> (1349).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1964167–168_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1964167–168-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There are thirty-six islands, large and small, so close together that the slopes of one are visible from another. Among them are seven harbors which are named. With a favoring wind they can be reached from Ch'üan-chou in two days and nights. There is grass but no trees ; the land is barren and not suited for growing rice. The Ch'üan-chou people make their houses by thatching grass. The weather is always warm. The customs [of the residents] are rustic. Many of the people are long-lived [or, the people are mostly old]. Men and women both wear long cloth gowns girded with local cotton cloth. They boil sea [water] to get salt, and ferment millet to make liquor. They gather fish, shrimp, snails, and clams to supplement their [staple of grain]. They burn ox dung to cook fish fat for use as oil. The land produces sesame and green beans. The goats multiply into flocks of several tens of thousands. A family [which owns some goats] brands their hair and cuts their horns as marks of identification, but does not gather them in during the day or night, so that they all forage for themselves. Their workmen and merchants enjoy the profits of a flourishing trade.<br />The territory is attached to Chin-chiang county [<i>hsien</i>] of Ch'üan-chou [prefecture]. During the reign-period Chih-yüan 至元[1280-1294] a sub-county magistrate was assigned there to be in charge of the annual tax fixed on salt; during the Chung-t'ung 中統 reign-period [1260-1279] this amounted to ten ingots [<i>ting</i> 錠] and twenty-five ounces. No other tax or corvée is levied.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp1980167-168_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp1980167-168-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dayuan" title="Wang Dayuan">Wang Dayuan</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ming_dynasty">Ming dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ming dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sino%E2%80%93Dutch_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino–Dutch conflicts">Sino–Dutch conflicts</a></div> <p>In the 15th century, the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a> ordered the evacuation of the islands as part of their <a href="/wiki/Haijin" title="Haijin">maritime ban</a>. When these restrictions were removed in the late 16th century, legal fishing communities, most of which hailed from <a href="/wiki/Tong%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an">Tong'an</a> County,<sup id="cite_ref-澎湖縣誌_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-澎湖縣誌-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were re-established on the islands. These fishermen worshiped at the <a href="/wiki/Mazu_Temple_(Magong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazu Temple (Magong)">Mazu Temple</a> that gave <a href="/wiki/Magong" title="Magong">Magong</a> its name and themselves gave rise to the Portuguese and English name <i>Pescadores</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200686_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200686-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ming established a permanent military presence starting in 1597.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWong201782_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWong201782-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At this time, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> was trying to force China to open a port in <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> to Dutch trade and expel the Portuguese from <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1979658_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1979658-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman2003132_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman2003132-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson199639_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson199639-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Dutch were defeated by the Portuguese at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Macau" title="Battle of Macau">Battle of Macau</a> in 1622, they seized Penghu, built a fort there, and threatened raids on Chinese ports and shipping unless the Chinese allowed trading with them on Penghu and that China not trade with Manila.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShepherd199349_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShepherd199349-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the Chinese governor of Fujian demanded that the Dutch withdraw from Penghu to Taiwan, where the Chinese would permit them to engage in trade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECovell199870_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECovell199870-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1908817_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1908817-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch continued to raid the Fujian coast between October 1622 and January 1624 to force their demands, but were unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1998368–369_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1998368–369-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1624, the new governor of Fujian sent a fleet of 40–50 warships with 5,000 troops to Penghu and expelled the Dutch, who moved to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Zeelandia_(Taiwan)" title="Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan)">Fort Zeelandia</a> on Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1998369_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1998369-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills201070_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills201070-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qing_dynasty">Qing dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Qing dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E8%BC%BF%E5%9C%96_(1752).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E8%BC%BF%E5%9C%96_%281752%29.jpg/220px-%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E8%BC%BF%E5%9C%96_%281752%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E8%BC%BF%E5%9C%96_%281752%29.jpg/330px-%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E8%BC%BF%E5%9C%96_%281752%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E8%BC%BF%E5%9C%96_%281752%29.jpg/440px-%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E8%BC%BF%E5%9C%96_%281752%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="957" /></a><figcaption>Map of Penghu, 1752</figcaption></figure> <p>For a period in the mid-17th century, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and the archipelago were ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Kingdom of Tungning</a> under the Zheng family, which was overthrown by the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> in 1683 after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penghu" title="Battle of Penghu">Battle of Penghu</a>. Military personnel were stationed on Penghu afterwards. Penghu became a sub-prefecture of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Prefecture" title="Taiwan Prefecture">Taiwan Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujian_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujian Province">Fujian Province</a>, in the Qing period.<sup id="cite_ref-taiwan_map_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taiwan_map-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Penghu archipelago was captured by the French in March 1885, in the closing weeks of the <a href="/wiki/Sino-French_War" title="Sino-French War">Sino-French War</a>, and evacuated four months later. The <a href="/wiki/Pescadores_campaign_(1885)" title="Pescadores campaign (1885)">Pescadores Campaign</a> was the last campaign of Admiral <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Courbet" title="Amédée Courbet">Amédée Courbet</a>, whose naval victories in the war had made him a national hero in France. Courbet was among several French soldiers and sailors who died of <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> during the French occupation of Penghu. He died aboard his flagship <a href="/wiki/French_ironclad_Bayard" title="French ironclad Bayard"><i>Bayard</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Makung" class="mw-redirect" title="Makung">Makung</a> harbour on 11 June 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoir1886291–317_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoir1886291–317-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (February 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Empire_of_Japan">Empire of Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Empire of Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dko_Prefecture" title="Hōko Prefecture">Hōko Prefecture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoko_Prefectural_Office.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Hoko_Prefectural_Office.JPG/220px-Hoko_Prefectural_Office.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Hoko_Prefectural_Office.JPG/330px-Hoko_Prefectural_Office.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Hoko_Prefectural_Office.JPG 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dko_Prefecture" title="Hōko Prefecture">Hōko Prefecture</a> Government building</figcaption></figure> <p>Towards the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a>, having defeated the Qing in northern China, Japan sought to ensure that it obtained Penghu and Taiwan in the final settlement. In March 1895, the <a href="/wiki/Pescadores_Campaign_(1895)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pescadores Campaign (1895)">Japanese defeated the Chinese garrison on the islands</a> and occupied <a href="/wiki/Makung_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Makung City">Makung</a>. The Japanese occupation of Penghu, with its fine harbor, gave the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> an advanced base from which their short-range coal-burning ships could control the Taiwan Straits and thus prevent more Chinese troops from being sent to Taiwan. This action persuaded the Chinese negotiators at Shimonoseki that Japan was determined to annex Taiwan, and, after Penghu, Taiwan and the <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a> had been ceded to Japan in the Sino-Japanese <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a> in April, helped to ensure the success of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1895)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)">Japanese invasion of Taiwan</a> in May.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETakekoshi190780–82_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETakekoshi190780–82-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (February 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Penghu County was then called the <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dko_Prefecture" title="Hōko Prefecture">Hōko Prefecture</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Japanese government of Taiwan</a>. In <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mako_Guard_District" title="Mako Guard District">Makō</a> (Makung) was a major base for the Imperial Japanese Navy and the embarkation point for the <a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">invasion of the Philippines</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1944, Penghu was extensively bombed in the <a href="/wiki/Penghu_air_raids" title="Penghu air raids">Penghu air raids</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_China">Republic of China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Republic of China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-6557994-index-451.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Txu-oclc-6557994-index-451.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-6557994-index-451.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Txu-oclc-6557994-index-451.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-6557994-index-451.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Txu-oclc-6557994-index-451.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-6557994-index-451.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3800" /></a><figcaption>The Pescadores (1950)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1943_Cairo_Declaration" title="1943 Cairo Declaration">Cairo Declaration</a> of 1943, the United States, the United Kingdom and China stated it to be their purpose that "all the territories that Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Formosa and The Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China". On 26 July 1945, the three governments issued the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a>, declaring that "the terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out". However, the United States and the United Kingdom have regarded the aforementioned documents as merely wartime statements of intention with no binding force in law.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a> on 2 September 1945, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Allied_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers">Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers</a> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> issued <a href="/wiki/General_Order_No._1" title="General Order No. 1">General Order No. 1</a>, which directed Japanese forces to surrender to the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied Powers</a> and facilitate the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">occupation of Japanese territories</a> by the Allied Powers. The Office of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers ordered Japanese forces in China and Taiwan to surrender to <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a>, who the Allied Powers delegated to accept the surrender. On 25 October 1945, Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Rikichi_And%C5%8D" title="Rikichi Andō">Rikichi Andō</a> handed over the administration of Taiwan and the Penghu islands to the head of the Taiwan Investigation Commission, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(Kuomintang)" title="Chen Yi (Kuomintang)">Chen Yi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsai2009173_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsai2009173-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Henckaerts1996_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henckaerts1996-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Republic of China and Japan signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Taipei" title="Treaty of Taipei">Treaty of Taipei</a> on April 28, 1952, and the treaty came into force on August 5, which is considered by some as giving a legal support to the Republic of China's claim to Taiwan as "de jure" territory. The treaty stipulates that all treaties, conventions, and agreements between China and Japan prior to 9 December 1941 were null and void, which according to Hungdah Chiu, abolishes the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki" title="Treaty of Shimonoseki">Treaty of Shimonoseki</a> ceding Taiwan to Japan. In the 1956 <i>Japan v. Lai Chin Jung</i> case, it was stated that Taiwan and the Penghu islands came to belong to the ROC on the date the Treaty of Taipei came into force.<sup id="cite_ref-Henckaerts1996_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henckaerts1996-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in 1954, the United States denied that the sovereignty over Taiwan and the Penghu islands had been settled by the Treaty of Taipei.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following year, the United States also stated its position that Taiwan and Penghu were handed over to the Allied Powers, and that the Republic of China was merely asked to administer these territories for the Allied Powers pending a final decision as to their ownership. <sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960 <i>Sheng v. Rogers</i> case, it was stated that, in the view of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. State Department">U.S. State Department</a>, no agreement has purported to transfer the sovereignty of Taiwan to the ROC, though it accepted the exercise of Chinese authority over Taiwan and recognized the Government of the Republic of China as the legal government of China at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Boat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat people">Boat people</a> fleeing Vietnam in the 1970s and 1980s who were rescued by Taiwan's ships in the South China Sea were sent to Penghu.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 May 2002, <a href="/wiki/China_Airlines_Flight_611" title="China Airlines Flight 611">China Airlines Flight 611</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-200" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 747-200">Boeing 747-200</a> aircraft flying from <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, disintegrated and exploded over the Islands. The wreckage slammed into the Taiwan Strait, a couple of miles off the coast. All 225 passengers and crew on board were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penghu County has a dry-winter <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: Cwa), bordering on a regular <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: Cfa). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Penghu (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1897–present） </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.7<br />(98.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(0.82) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(1.50) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.7<br />(2.00) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.9<br />(3.07) </td> <td style="background: #4FFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.8<br />(4.64) </td> <td style="background: #1BFF1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.0<br />(5.83) </td> <td style="background: #0BFF0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.2<br />(6.43) </td> <td style="background: #00A800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">229.4<br />(9.03) </td> <td style="background: #64FF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">100.3<br />(3.95) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(1.19) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(1.02) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(1.11) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,030.5<br />(40.59) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">81.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000D0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000C9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000C1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000BE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000BB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000CD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000DE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000CA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #AEAE8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102.9 </td> <td style="background: #B0B080; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.7 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.1 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">153.1 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">183.6 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.2 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">265.3 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">231.4 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214.9 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.4 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">129.2 </td> <td style="background: #B2B277; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.4 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,019.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Central Weather Bureau<sup id="cite_ref-CWB_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWB-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CWBrecordhighs1_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWBrecordhighs1-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CWBrecordhighs2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWBrecordhighs2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CWBrecordlows1_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWBrecordlows1-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CWBrecordlow2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWBrecordlow2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Penghu_Marine_National_Park_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/South_Penghu_Marine_National_Park_%2810%29.jpg/220px-South_Penghu_Marine_National_Park_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/South_Penghu_Marine_National_Park_%2810%29.jpg/330px-South_Penghu_Marine_National_Park_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/South_Penghu_Marine_National_Park_%2810%29.jpg/440px-South_Penghu_Marine_National_Park_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Columnar_jointing" title="Columnar jointing">Columnar</a> basalt at South Penghu Marine National Park</figcaption></figure> <p>Penghu is the remnant of a <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>-age <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcano</a>. The stratigraphy of the island is dominated by two to four layers of <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> <a href="/wiki/Interbedding" title="Interbedding">interbedded</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sandstone_universities" title="Sandstone universities">sandstone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstone</a> deposited in shallow marine conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Chuton_Island" title="Chuton Island">Chuton Island</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicities">Ethnicities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ethnicities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The majority of the populace (72%+) in Penghu are descendants of settlers from <a href="/wiki/Tong%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an District">Tong'an</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-澎湖縣誌_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-澎湖縣誌-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1985 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">102,282</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">95,932</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−6.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1995 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">90,937</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">89,496</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2005 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">91,785</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">96,918</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">102,304</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171216064040/http://www.ris.gov.tw/zh_TW/346">"Populations by city and country in Taiwan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan)">Ministry of the Interior</a>. May 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ris.gov.tw/zh_TW/346">the original</a> on 16 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+by+city+and+country+in+Taiwan&rft.pub=Ministry+of+the+Interior&rft.date=2018-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ris.gov.tw%2Fzh_TW%2F346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Penghu, the native language is <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese Hokkien</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Tong%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Tong'an">Tong'an</a> dialect being the most prevalent speech.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Penghu_County_Government" title="Penghu County Government">Penghu County Government</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%B3%B4%E8%80%83%E9%81%B8%E9%83%A8%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E5%B3%B0%E5%81%89_(%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%BB).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/%E8%B3%B4%E8%80%83%E9%81%B8%E9%83%A8%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E5%B3%B0%E5%81%89_%28%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%BB%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="191" height="248" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="191" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lai_Feng-wei" title="Lai Feng-wei">Lai Feng-wei</a>, the incumbent Magistrate of Penghu County.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penghu_County_Hall_20150618.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Penghu_County_Hall_20150618.jpg/220px-Penghu_County_Hall_20150618.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Penghu_County_Hall_20150618.jpg/330px-Penghu_County_Hall_20150618.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Penghu_County_Hall_20150618.jpg/440px-Penghu_County_Hall_20150618.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Penghu County Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>Penghu County is administered by <a href="/wiki/Penghu_County_Government" title="Penghu County Government">Penghu County Government</a> headed by Magistrate <a href="/wiki/Lai_Feng-wei" title="Lai Feng-wei">Lai Feng-wei</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> and headquartered at the Penghu County Hall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Penghu_administration.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Penghu_administration.svg/220px-Penghu_administration.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Penghu_administration.svg/330px-Penghu_administration.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Penghu_administration.svg/440px-Penghu_administration.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Administrative subdivisions of Penghu County</figcaption></figure> <p>Penghu County is divided into one <a href="/wiki/County-administered_city" title="County-administered city">city</a> and five <a href="/wiki/Township_(Taiwan)" title="Township (Taiwan)">rural townships</a>. It is further divided into 97 villages.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like <a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Lienchiang County</a>, Penghu County has no <a href="/wiki/Township_(Taiwan)" title="Township (Taiwan)">urban townships</a>. The county seat is at <a href="/wiki/Magong" title="Magong">Magong City</a>, where it houses the <a href="/wiki/Penghu_County_Government" title="Penghu County Government">Penghu County Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penghu_County_Council" title="Penghu County Council">Penghu County Council</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Type</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Chinese</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Taiwanese Hokkien">Taiwanese</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Hakka" title="Taiwanese Hakka">Hakka</a></th> <th>English translation </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/County-administered_city" title="County-administered city">City</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magong" title="Magong">Magong</a> City</td> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><span lang="zh-tw"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AC#Chinese_(Taiwan)" class="extiw" title="wikt:馬公">馬公</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82#Chinese_(Taiwan)" class="extiw" title="wikt:市">市</a></span></span></td> <td>Má-keng</td> <td>Mâ-kûng</td> <td>Originally <a href="/wiki/Mazu" title="Mazu">Mazu</a> Temple (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">媽宮</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Township_(Taiwan)" title="Township (Taiwan)">Rural<br />townships</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baisha,_Penghu" title="Baisha, Penghu">Baisha</a></td> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><span lang="zh-tw"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B2%99#Chinese_(Taiwan)" class="extiw" title="wikt:白沙">白沙</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%84%89#Chinese_(Taiwan)" class="extiw" title="wikt:鄉">鄉</a></span></span></td> <td>Pe̍h-soa</td> <td>Pha̍k-sâ</td> <td>White Sand </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cimei,_Penghu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cimei, Penghu">Cimei <small>(Qimei)</small></a></td> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><span lang="zh-tw"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E7%BE%8E#Chinese_(Taiwan)" class="extiw" title="wikt:七美">七美</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%84%89#Chinese_(Taiwan)" class="extiw" title="wikt:鄉">鄉</a></span></span></td> <td>Chhit-bí</td> <td>Tshit-mî</td> <td>Seven Beauties (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">大嶼</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huxi,_Penghu" title="Huxi, Penghu">Huxi</a></td> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><span lang="zh-tw"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E8%A5%BF#Chinese_(Taiwan)" class="extiw" title="wikt:湖西">湖西</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%84%89#Chinese_(Taiwan)" class="extiw" title="wikt:鄉">鄉</a></span></span></td> <td>Ô͘-sai</td> <td>Fù-sî</td> <td>Lake West </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wangan,_Penghu" title="Wangan, Penghu">Wangan <small>(Wang-an, Wang'an)</small></a></td> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><span lang="zh-tw"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E5%AE%89#Chinese_(Taiwan)" class="extiw" title="wikt:望安">望安</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%84%89#Chinese_(Taiwan)" class="extiw" title="wikt:鄉">鄉</a></span></span></td> <td>Bāng-oaⁿ</td> <td>Mong-ôn</td> <td>Hope Safe (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">網垵</span></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiyu,_Penghu" title="Xiyu, Penghu">Xiyu</a></td> <td><span style="font-size:120%"><span lang="zh-tw"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B6%BC#Chinese_(Taiwan)" class="extiw" title="wikt:西嶼">西嶼</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%84%89#Chinese_(Taiwan)" class="extiw" title="wikt:鄉">鄉</a></span></span></td> <td>Sai-sū</td> <td>Sî-yí</td> <td>Western Isle </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The main island (comprising Magong City and Huxi Township), <a href="/wiki/Baisha_Island" title="Baisha Island">Baisha Island</a> and Xiyu are the three most populous islands and are connected via bridges. The <a href="/wiki/Penghu_Great_Bridge" title="Penghu Great Bridge">Penghu Great Bridge</a> connecting Baisha and Xiyu is the longest bridge in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. Two shorter bridges connect Huxi and Baisha via the small island of Zhongtun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The county elects a single representative to the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Taiwanese_general_election" title="2016 Taiwanese general election">2016 Republic of China legislative election</a>, this seat was won by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> with 55.4% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_dispute">Political dispute</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Political dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the controversy over the <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">political status of Taiwan</a>, both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China agree that Penghu is a county in (their own respective) "Taiwan Province" (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">Taiwan Province</a>, Republic of China and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China</a>). Yet, geographically, the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Taiwan">island of Taiwan</a> does not include Penghu, although it is closer to Taiwan than mainland China. Thus, Penghu is listed separately from "Taiwan" in some contexts, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei#Separate_Customs_Territory_of_Taiwan,_Penghu,_Kinmen,_and_Matsu" title="Chinese Taipei">Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu</a> (the official WTO name for the Republic of China) and in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, the Cairo Declaration, and the Treaty of San Francisco.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to its restricted geography, fishing has been the main industry for Penghu.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Agriculture and Fisheries Bureau of the <a href="/wiki/Penghu_County_Government" title="Penghu County Government">Penghu County Government</a> governs matters related to agriculture and fisheries in Penghu. </p><p>In 2016, the bureau placed a ban on the harvesting of <a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">sea urchins</a> due to their declining population. The ban was partially lifted in 2017, with catches limited to only specimens larger than 8 cm (3.1 in) in <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPU_-_Education_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/NPU_-_Education_Building.JPG/220px-NPU_-_Education_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/NPU_-_Education_Building.JPG/330px-NPU_-_Education_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/NPU_-_Education_Building.JPG/440px-NPU_-_Education_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Penghu_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="National Penghu University of Science and Technology">National Penghu University of Science and Technology</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Education-related matters in Penghu County are administered under the Education Department of the <a href="/wiki/Penghu_County_Government" title="Penghu County Government">Penghu County Government</a>. The county houses the <a href="/wiki/National_Penghu_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="National Penghu University of Science and Technology">National Penghu University of Science and Technology</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy">Energy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0.png/220px-%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0.png/330px-%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0.png/440px-%E5%B0%96%E5%B1%B1%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0.png 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chienshan_Power_Plant" title="Chienshan Power Plant">Chienshan Power Plant</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Penghu is powered by the <a href="/wiki/Chienshan_Power_Plant" title="Chienshan Power Plant">Chienshan Power Plant</a>, a 140 MW <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_station" title="Fossil fuel power station">diesel-fired power plant</a> commissioned in 2001, and the Hujing Power Plant on Table Island. On 24 December 2010, the Taiwan-Penghu Undersea Cable Project of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Power_Company" title="Taiwan Power Company">Taipower</a> was approved by the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a> to connect the <a href="/wiki/Electrical_grid" title="Electrical grid">electrical grid</a> in Taiwan Island to Penghu.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under a wind power development project approved in 2002 by the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a>, the ROC government plans to set up a total of 200 wind turbines in Penghu within 10 years. However, only 14 turbines have been set up as of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. On 1 October 2015, Taipower announced the construction of another 11 new wind turbines across the island, of which six will be constructed in <a href="/wiki/Huxi,_Penghu" title="Huxi, Penghu">Huxi Township</a> and five in <a href="/wiki/Baisha,_Penghu" title="Baisha, Penghu">Baisha Township</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current total <a href="/wiki/Desalination" title="Desalination">desalination</a> capacity of the county to provide clean water to its residents is 15,500 m<sup>3</sup> per day. To reduce its <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> use, in November 2015 the county secured a contract of building an additional desalination plant with 4,000 m<sup>3</sup> capacity per day, construction of which is expected to be completed by May 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Penghu_National_Scenic_Area" title="Penghu National Scenic Area">Penghu National Scenic Area</a> was established in the early 1990s, comprising most of the islands and islets of the archipelago. Tourism has since become one of the main sources of income of the county. </p><p>Historical sites include <a href="/wiki/Central_Street_(Taiwan)" title="Central Street (Taiwan)">Central Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erdai_Art_Hall" title="Erdai Art Hall">Erdai Art Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penghu_Tianhou_Temple" title="Penghu Tianhou Temple">Tianhou Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Four-eyed_Well" title="Four-eyed Well">Four-eyed Well</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penghu_Reclamation_Hall" title="Penghu Reclamation Hall">Penghu Reclamation Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qimei_Lighthouse" title="Qimei Lighthouse">Qimei Lighthouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiyu_Eastern_Fort" title="Xiyu Eastern Fort">Xiyu Eastern Fort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinguitou_Fortress" title="Jinguitou Fortress">Jinguitou Fortress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xiyu_Western_Fort" title="Xiyu Western Fort">Xiyu Western Fort</a>. Museums in the county are <a href="/wiki/Chuwan_Crab_Museum" title="Chuwan Crab Museum">Chuwan Crab Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Resources_Museum" title="Ocean Resources Museum">Ocean Resources Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chang_Yu-sheng_Memorial_Museum" title="Chang Yu-sheng Memorial Museum">Chang Yu-sheng Memorial Museum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penghu_Living_Museum" title="Penghu Living Museum">Penghu Living Museum</a>. Other attractions in the county include the <a href="/wiki/Double-Heart_of_Stacked_Stones" title="Double-Heart of Stacked Stones">Double-Heart of Stacked Stones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenggui_Cave" title="Fenggui Cave">Fenggui Cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Taiwan" title="Little Taiwan">Little Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whale_Cave" title="Whale Cave">Whale Cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiaomen_Geology_Gallery" title="Xiaomen Geology Gallery">Xiaomen Geology Gallery</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Penghu_Marine_National_Park" title="South Penghu Marine National Park">South Penghu Marine National Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1 January 2015, tourists from <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> can directly apply for the <a href="/wiki/Exit_%26_Entry_Permit_for_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Exit & Entry Permit for Taiwan">Exit & Entry Permit</a> upon arrival in Penghu. This privilege also applies to <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Matsu Islands</a> as a means to boost tourism in the outlying islands of Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The county welcomed 1.8 million tourists in 2018 with an average annual growth of around 10%.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AC_%E6%9D%BE%E5%B3%B6%E8%89%A6%E9%81%AD%E9%9B%A3%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91_Memorial_to_the_cruiser_Matsushima_located_in_Penghu,_TAIWAN_in_1908.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Original 1908 memorial to the Japanese cruiser Matsushima pictured. Modern park memorial in Magong City, Penghu, Taiwan."><img alt="Original 1908 memorial to the Japanese cruiser Matsushima pictured. Modern park memorial in Magong City, Penghu, Taiwan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AC_%E6%9D%BE%E5%B3%B6%E8%89%A6%E9%81%AD%E9%9B%A3%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91_Memorial_to_the_cruiser_Matsushima_located_in_Penghu%2C_TAIWAN_in_1908.jpg/200px-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AC_%E6%9D%BE%E5%B3%B6%E8%89%A6%E9%81%AD%E9%9B%A3%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91_Memorial_to_the_cruiser_Matsushima_located_in_Penghu%2C_TAIWAN_in_1908.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AC_%E6%9D%BE%E5%B3%B6%E8%89%A6%E9%81%AD%E9%9B%A3%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91_Memorial_to_the_cruiser_Matsushima_located_in_Penghu%2C_TAIWAN_in_1908.jpg/300px-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AC_%E6%9D%BE%E5%B3%B6%E8%89%A6%E9%81%AD%E9%9B%A3%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91_Memorial_to_the_cruiser_Matsushima_located_in_Penghu%2C_TAIWAN_in_1908.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AC_%E6%9D%BE%E5%B3%B6%E8%89%A6%E9%81%AD%E9%9B%A3%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91_Memorial_to_the_cruiser_Matsushima_located_in_Penghu%2C_TAIWAN_in_1908.jpg/400px-%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%AC_%E6%9D%BE%E5%B3%B6%E8%89%A6%E9%81%AD%E9%9B%A3%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91_Memorial_to_the_cruiser_Matsushima_located_in_Penghu%2C_TAIWAN_in_1908.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="469" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Original 1908 memorial to the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Matsushima" title="Japanese cruiser Matsushima">Japanese cruiser <i>Matsushima</i></a> pictured. Modern park memorial in <a href="/wiki/Magong" title="Magong">Magong</a> City, Penghu, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 185px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double-Heart_of_Stacked_Stones_20150721.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Double-Heart of Stacked Stones"><img alt="Double-Heart of Stacked Stones" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Double-Heart_of_Stacked_Stones_20150721.jpg/200px-Double-Heart_of_Stacked_Stones_20150721.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Double-Heart_of_Stacked_Stones_20150721.jpg/300px-Double-Heart_of_Stacked_Stones_20150721.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Double-Heart_of_Stacked_Stones_20150721.jpg/400px-Double-Heart_of_Stacked_Stones_20150721.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Double-Heart_of_Stacked_Stones" title="Double-Heart of Stacked Stones">Double-Heart of Stacked Stones</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drug_trafficking">Drug trafficking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Drug trafficking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a lightly populated outlying island, Penghu lends itself to being used as a trans-shipment hub for drug smuggling into Taiwan from China and the Philippines. Beginning in 2016, the area became the focus of a major drug trafficking crackdown by the Taiwanese police.<sup id="cite_ref-largest-ever_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largest-ever-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-more_details_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-more_details-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Chou Meng-hsiang (周盟翔), chief prosecutor of the Penghu District Prosecutors Office, "led an investigation team in Taiwan, including officers from the Coast Guard Administration, in a bid to bring (a) drug trafficking ring to justice." A joint investigation with Philippine and Chinese authorities spanning one and a half years resulted in the seizure of "22.6 kilograms of amphetamine, 11.4 kilograms of ephedrine, and about 40 kilograms of calcium chloride" with an estimated value of NT$123 million. Eight suspects were arrested in <a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a>, a small island in northern Philippines, but no Taiwanese nationals were charged in relation to the importation scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, media reported "the biggest-ever haul of drugs in the county's history" when 506 kg of <a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">ephedrine</a> was seized from a Chinese fishing boat off Penghu "as part of an ongoing crackdown on the area drug trade".<sup id="cite_ref-largest-ever_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largest-ever-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ephedrine smuggling has increased in recent years as it has a similar structure to amphetamines and can be easily converted into <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a>. According to a Focus Taiwan report, "(It) can then be sold for ten times the price, in this case that would be more than NT$1 billion (US$33.33 million)."<sup id="cite_ref-more_details_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-more_details-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the size of the drug seizure, only the five crew members of the Chinese fishing boat were detained in the operation, with authorities "unable to find the Taiwanese ship which should have turned up to take delivery of the drugs". It was unclear from media reports how the Taiwanese side of the smuggling operation knew to abort the rendezvous. The suppliers of the shipment also evaded capture. It was believed that the drugs were destined to be transported from Penghu for distribution on Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CI-MEI_AIRPORT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/CI-MEI_AIRPORT.jpg/220px-CI-MEI_AIRPORT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/CI-MEI_AIRPORT.jpg/330px-CI-MEI_AIRPORT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/CI-MEI_AIRPORT.jpg/440px-CI-MEI_AIRPORT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Qimei_Airport" title="Qimei Airport">Qimei Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Penghu is served by <a href="/wiki/Penghu_Airport" title="Penghu Airport">Penghu Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Magong" title="Magong">Magong City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qimei_Airport" title="Qimei Airport">Qimei Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cimei,_Penghu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cimei, Penghu">Cimei Township</a>. Both airports opened in 1977. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Air" title="Daily Air">Daily Air</a> operates flights between Penghu to Kaohsiung. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water">Water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The county has <a href="/wiki/Magong_Harbor" title="Magong Harbor">Magong Harbor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Longmen_Jianshan_Pier" title="Longmen Jianshan Pier">Longmen Jianshan Pier</a>. Magong Harbor hosts ferry connections with <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Kaohsiung" title="Port of Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anping_District" title="Anping District">Tainan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chiayi_County" title="Chiayi County">Chiayi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Taiwan" title="Portal:Taiwan">Taiwan portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Taiwan" title="List of cities in Taiwan">List of cities in Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Penghu">"Penghu"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Penghu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FPenghu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu2012167-168-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu2012167-168_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu2012167-168_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiu2012">Liu 2012</a>, p. 167-168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-官網歷史沿革-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-官網歷史沿革_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-官網歷史沿革_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-官網歷史沿革_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://event.penghu.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=10174">"歷史沿革"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penghu_County_Government" title="Penghu County Government">Penghu County Government</a>. 13 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301101127/https://event.penghu.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=10174">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9&rft.pub=Penghu+County+Government&rft.date=2017-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevent.penghu.gov.tw%2Fch%2Fhome.jsp%3Fid%3D10174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ait.org.tw/taiwan-relations-act-public-law-96-8-22-u-s-c-3301-et-seq/">"Taiwan Relations Act"</a>. <i>ait.org.tw</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_in_Taiwan" title="American Institute in Taiwan">American Institute in Taiwan</a>. 30 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819023930/https://www.ait.org.tw/taiwan-relations-act-public-law-96-8-22-u-s-c-3301-et-seq/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2022</span>. <q>...Section. 15. For purposes of this Act- 2. the term "Taiwan" includes, as the context may require, the islands of Taiwan and the Pescadores (Penghu).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ait.org.tw&rft.atitle=Taiwan+Relations+Act&rft.date=2022-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ait.org.tw%2Ftaiwan-relations-act-public-law-96-8-22-u-s-c-3301-et-seq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web-archive-2017.ait.org.tw/en/sino-us-mutual-defense-treaty-1954.html">"Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty"</a>. <i>ait.org.tw</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_in_Taiwan" title="American Institute in Taiwan">American Institute in Taiwan</a>. 1954. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224145910/https://web-archive-2017.ait.org.tw/en/sino-us-mutual-defense-treaty-1954.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2022</span>. <q>ARTICLE VI. For the purposes of Articles II and V, the terms "territorial" and "territories" shall mean in respect of the Republic of China, Taiwan and the Pescadores: and in respect of the United States of America, the island territories in the West Pacific under its jurisdiction.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ait.org.tw&rft.atitle=Sino-American+Mutual+Defense+Treaty&rft.date=1954&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb-archive-2017.ait.org.tw%2Fen%2Fsino-us-mutual-defense-treaty-1954.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Asian & Pacific Quarterly of Cultural and Social Affairs:15-16, p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu2012168-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu2012168_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiu2012">Liu 2012</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fanghao-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fanghao_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fanghao_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">方豪，1994，《台灣早期史綱》，頁33-34，台北：學生書局. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/957-15-0631-1" title="Special:BookSources/957-15-0631-1">957-15-0631-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp19806-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp19806_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp19806_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnapp1980">Knapp 1980</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-campbell-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-campbell_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-campbell_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-campbell_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1903" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Campbell_(missionary)" title="William Campbell (missionary)">Campbell, William</a> (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/formosaunderdut01campgoog/page/546/mode/1up">"Explanatory Notes"</a>. <i>Formosa under the Dutch: described from contemporary records, with explanatory notes and a bibliography of the island</i>. London: Kegan Paul. p. 546. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-957-638-083-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-957-638-083-9"><bdi>978-957-638-083-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Explanatory+Notes&rft.btitle=Formosa+under+the+Dutch%3A+described+from+contemporary+records%2C+with+explanatory+notes+and+a+bibliography+of+the+island&rft.place=London&rft.pages=546&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1903&rft.isbn=978-957-638-083-9&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fformosaunderdut01campgoog%2Fpage%2F546%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF中央研究院臺灣史研究所" class="citation cs2">中央研究院臺灣史研究所, 顏尚文 (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220211113537/https://www.penghu.gov.tw/ebook/26/mobile/index.html#p=104">"宋代對澎湖的認識"</a>, <i>《續修澎湖縣志‧地理志》</i>, pp. 92–93, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penghu.gov.tw/ebook/26/mobile/index.html#p=104">the original</a> on 11 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>, <q>大正6年（1917），日人藤田豊八在〈南蠻之來襲〉中，認為「平湖」與「澎湖」為同音異字。毛一波由音韻解釋：「平」可作「旁」音讀之。「彭」音「滂」，本與「旁」通，「旁」即是「滂」。「澎」之字音也是從「旁」字而來，是故「平」與「澎」為同音異字。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%BA%8C%E4%BF%AE%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E7%B8%A3%E5%BF%97%E2%80%A7%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%BF%97%E3%80%8B&rft.atitle=%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E5%B0%8D%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98&rft.pages=92-93&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penghu.gov.tw%2Febook%2F26%2Fmobile%2Findex.html%23p%3D104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ph26-31-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ph26-31_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF曹永和" class="citation cs2">曹永和, <i>〈早期臺灣的開發與經營〉，《臺灣早期歷史研究》</i>, pp. 91–92</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%88%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E8%88%87%E7%B6%93%E7%87%9F%E3%80%89%EF%BC%8C%E3%80%8A%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%80%8B&rft.pages=91-92&rft.au=%E6%9B%B9%E6%B0%B8%E5%92%8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dicionario.priberam.org/pescadores">"Pescadores"</a>. <i>dicionario.priberam.org</i> (in Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dicionario.priberam.org&rft.atitle=Pescadores&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdicionario.priberam.org%2Fpescadores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Changetal2015-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Changetal2015_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChangKaifuTakaiKono2015" class="citation journal cs1">Chang, Chun-Hsiang; Kaifu, Yousuke; Takai, Masanaru; Kono, Reiko T.; Grün, Rainer; Matsu’ura, Shuji; Kinsley, Les; Lin, Liang-Kong (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316746">"The first archaic <i>Homo</i> from Taiwan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_Communications" title="Nature Communications">Nature Communications</a></i>. <b>6</b>: 6037. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatCo...6.6037C">2015NatCo...6.6037C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms7037">10.1038/ncomms7037</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316746">4316746</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25625212">25625212</a>. <q>Older low-sea-level events, 225, 240–280, ?300, 335–360 and 425–450 ka cannot be completely excluded as the age for Penghu 1, but such a situation requires explanation for preservation through repeated sedimentary events and the unusual distribution of <i>Crocuta crocuta ultima</i>. Therefore, Penghu 1 is younger than 450 ka, and most likely 10–70 ka or 130–190 ka.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=The+first+archaic+Homo+from+Taiwan&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=6037&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4316746%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25625212&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fncomms7037&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015NatCo...6.6037C&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Chun-Hsiang&rft.au=Kaifu%2C+Yousuke&rft.au=Takai%2C+Masanaru&rft.au=Kono%2C+Reiko+T.&rft.au=Gr%C3%BCn%2C+Rainer&rft.au=Matsu%E2%80%99ura%2C+Shuji&rft.au=Kinsley%2C+Les&rft.au=Lin%2C+Liang-Kong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4316746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reclamation_Hall-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reclamation_Hall_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reclamation_Hall_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330230501/http://phkt.phhcc.gov.tw/english/home.asp">"Penghu Reclamation Hall"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phkt.phhcc.gov.tw/english/home.asp">the original</a> on 30 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Penghu+Reclamation+Hall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphkt.phhcc.gov.tw%2Fenglish%2Fhome.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills200686-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200686_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200686_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills200686_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWills2006">Wills (2006)</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu2012170-171-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu2012170-171_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiu2012">Liu 2012</a>, p. 170-171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHsu19806-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHsu19806_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHsu1980">Hsu (1980)</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1964164-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1964164_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1964">Thompson 1964</a>, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1964167–168-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1964167–168_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1964">Thompson (1964)</a>, pp. 167–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnapp1980167-168-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnapp1980167-168_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnapp1980">Knapp 1980</a>, p. 167-168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-澎湖縣誌-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-澎湖縣誌_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-澎湖縣誌_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penghu.info/OBD601A5C7404754B4A6">明萬曆年以後，澎湖第二次有移住民，以福建泉州府屬同安縣金門人遷來最早; 其後接踵而至者，亦以同安縣人為最多。彼等捷足先至者，得以優先選擇良好地區定居之，澎湖本島即多被同安人所先占; 尤其素稱土地沃之湖西鄉，完全成為同安人之區域。</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220913195200/https://penghu.info/OBD601A5C7404754B4A6">Archived</a> 13 September 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 李紹章《澎湖縣誌》，《續修澎湖縣志（卷三）｜人民志》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWong201782-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWong201782_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWong2017">Wong (2017)</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECooper1979658-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooper1979658_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper1979">Cooper (1979)</a>, p. 658.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman2003132-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman2003132_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman2003">Freeman (2003)</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomson199639-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomson199639_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThomson1996">Thomson (1996)</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShepherd199349-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShepherd199349_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShepherd1993">Shepherd (1993)</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECovell199870-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECovell199870_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCovell1998">Covell (1998)</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright1908817-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright1908817_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright1908">Wright (1908)</a>, p. 817.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1998368–369-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1998368–369_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWills1998">Wills (1998)</a>, pp. 368–369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills1998369-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills1998369_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWills1998">Wills (1998)</a>, p. 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWills201070-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWills201070_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWills2010">Wills (2010)</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taiwan_map-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-taiwan_map_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalatlas.asdc.sinica.edu.tw/digitalatlasen/map_detail.jsp?id=A104000123">"Reading Digital Atlas - 臺灣府汛塘圖"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220902233846/https://digitalatlas.asdc.sinica.edu.tw/digitalatlasen/map_detail.jsp?id=A104000123">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading+Digital+Atlas+-+%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%BA%9C%E6%B1%9B%E5%A1%98%E5%9C%96&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalatlas.asdc.sinica.edu.tw%2Fdigitalatlasen%2Fmap_detail.jsp%3Fid%3DA104000123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoir1886291–317-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoir1886291–317_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoir1886">Loir (1886)</a>, pp. 291–317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETakekoshi190780–82-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETakekoshi190780–82_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTakekoshi1907">Takekoshi (1907)</a>, pp. 80–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiddleton1955" class="citation news cs1">Middleton, Drew (2 February 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1955/02/02/archives/cairo-formosa-declaration-out-of-date-says-churchill-churchill.html">"Cairo Formosa Declaration Out of Date, Says Churchill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220317183839/https://www.nytimes.com/1955/02/02/archives/cairo-formosa-declaration-out-of-date-says-churchill-churchill.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cairo+Formosa+Declaration+Out+of+Date%2C+Says+Churchill&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1955-02-02&rft.aulast=Middleton&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1955%2F02%2F02%2Farchives%2Fcairo-formosa-declaration-out-of-date-says-churchill-churchill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETsai2009173-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsai2009173_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTsai2009">Tsai 2009</a>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henckaerts1996-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Henckaerts1996_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henckaerts1996_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenckaerts1996" class="citation book cs1">Henckaerts, Jean-Marie (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_9kuVIayxDoC&q=Formosa+and+the+Pescadores+came+to+belong+to+the+Republic+of+China+1956&pg=PA7"><i>The international status of Taiwan in the new world order: legal and political considerations</i></a>. Kluwer Law International. p. 337. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-411-0929-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-411-0929-3"><bdi>90-411-0929-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408120030/https://books.google.com/books?id=_9kuVIayxDoC&q=Formosa+and+the+Pescadores+came+to+belong+to+the+Republic+of+China+1956&pg=PA7">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2022</span>. <q>p7. "In any case, there appears to be strong legal ground to support the view that since the entry into force of the 1952 ROC-Japan bilateral peace treaty, Taiwan has become the <i>de jure</i> territory of the ROC. This interpretation of the legal status of Taiwan is confirmed by several Japanese court decisions. For instance, in the case of <i>Japan v. Lai Chin Jung</i>, decided by the Tokyo High Court on December 24, 1956, it was stated that 'Formosa and the Pescadores came to belong to the Republic of China, at any rate on August 5, 1952, when the [Peace] Treaty between Japan and the Republic of China came into force…'" <br />p8. "the principles of prescription and occupation that may justify the ROC's claim to Taiwan certainly are not applicable to the PRC because the application of these two principles to the Taiwan situation presupposes the validity of the two peace treaties by which Japan renounce its claim to Taiwan and thus makes the island <i>terra nullius</i>."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+international+status+of+Taiwan+in+the+new+world+order%3A+legal+and+political+considerations&rft.pages=337&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=90-411-0929-3&rft.aulast=Henckaerts&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_9kuVIayxDoC%26q%3DFormosa%2Band%2Bthe%2BPescadores%2Bcame%2Bto%2Bbelong%2Bto%2Bthe%2BRepublic%2Bof%2BChina%2B1956%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_State1954" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State">Department of State</a> (13 December 1954). "News Conference Statements: Purpose of treaty with Republic of China". <i>Department of State Bulletin</i>. Vol. XXXI, no. 807. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/departmentofstat311954unit_0#page/896/mode/2up">896</a>. <q>The legal position is different, as I think I pointed out in my last press conference, by virtue of the fact that technical sovereignty over Formosa and the Pescadores has never been settled. That is because the Japanese peace treaty merely involves a renunciation by Japan of its right and title to these island. But the future title is not determined by the Japanese peace treaty, nor is it determined by the peace treaty which was concluded between the Republic of China and Japan. Therefore, the juridical status of these islands, Formosa and the Pescadores, is different from the juridical status of the offshore islands which have always been Chinese territory.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Department+of+State+Bulletin&rft.atitle=News+Conference+Statements%3A+Purpose+of+treaty+with+Republic+of+China&rft.volume=XXXI&rft.issue=807&rft.pages=896&rft.date=1954-12-13&rft.au=Department+of+State&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Reston1955" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Reston" title="James Reston">James Reston</a> (6 February 1955). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C0CE5DE163AE433A25754C0A9649C946492D6CF">"New Formosa Bid"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150308154107/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C0CE5DE163AE433A25754C0A9649C946492D6CF">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2015</span>. <q>The position of the Administration is that these territories were handed over to the Allied and associated powers of World War II by Japan, which had held them since 1895, and that General Chiang was merely asked to administer them for the Allied and associated powers pending a final decision as to their ownership......</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Formosa+Bid&rft.date=1955-02-06&rft.au=James+Reston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9C0CE5DE163AE433A25754C0A9649C946492D6CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/280/663/263772/">"William P. Rogers, Attorney General of the United States, Appellant v. Cheng Fu Sheng and Lin Fu Mei, Appellees, 280 F.2d 663 (D.C. Cir. 1960)"</a>. 1960. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930073520/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/280/663/263772/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2022</span>. <q>But in the view of our State Department, no agreement has 'purported to transfer the sovereignty of Formosa to (the Republic of) China. At the present time, we accept the exercise of Chinese authority over Formosa, and recognize the Government of the Republic of China (the Nationalist Government) as the legal Government of China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+P.+Rogers%2C+Attorney+General+of+the+United+States%2C+Appellant+v.+Cheng+Fu+Sheng+and+Lin+Fu+Mei%2C+Appellees%2C+280+F.2d+663+%28D.C.+Cir.+1960%29&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.justia.com%2Fcases%2Ffederal%2Fappellate-courts%2FF2%2F280%2F663%2F263772%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamm1981" class="citation news cs1">Kamm, Henry (5 August 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/05/world/despite-perils-afloat-vietnamese-continue-to-flee.html">"Despite Perils Afloat, Vietnamese Continue to Flee"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Section A, p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161008015342/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/05/world/despite-perils-afloat-vietnamese-continue-to-flee.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Despite+Perils+Afloat%2C+Vietnamese+Continue+to+Flee&rft.pages=Section+A%2C+p.+2&rft.date=1981-08-05&rft.aulast=Kamm&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F08%2F05%2Fworld%2Fdespite-perils-afloat-vietnamese-continue-to-flee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarron2002" class="citation web cs1">Barron, Lisa (28 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100828043024/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/east/05/27/taiwan.plane.company/index.html">"China Airlines safety record in the spotlight"</a>. <i>CNN.com</i>. Cable News Network LP, LLLP. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/east/05/27/taiwan.plane.company/index.html">the original</a> on 28 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN.com&rft.atitle=China+Airlines+safety+record+in+the+spotlight&rft.date=2002-05-28&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cnn.com%2F2002%2FWORLD%2Fasiapcf%2Feast%2F05%2F27%2Ftaiwan.plane.company%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CWB-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CWB_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/C/Statistics/monthlymean.html">"Monthly Mean"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Weather_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Weather Bureau">Central Weather Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209115926/https://www.cwb.gov.tw/V8/C/C/Statistics/monthlymean.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Mean&rft.pub=Central+Weather+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwb.gov.tw%2FV8%2FC%2FC%2FStatistics%2Fmonthlymean.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CWBrecordhighs1-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CWBrecordhighs1_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_18.pdf">"氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017235559/https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_18.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E7%AB%99%E5%90%84%E6%9C%88%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%A3%E6%BA%AB%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88&rft.pub=Central+Weather+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwb.gov.tw%2FData%2Fclimate%2FStatistics%2Fpdf%2Fsort_18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CWBrecordhighs2-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CWBrecordhighs2_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_19.pdf">"氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計(續)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017235603/https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_19.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E7%AB%99%E5%90%84%E6%9C%88%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%A3%E6%BA%AB%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%28%E7%BA%8C%29&rft.pub=Central+Weather+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwb.gov.tw%2FData%2Fclimate%2FStatistics%2Fpdf%2Fsort_19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CWBrecordlows1-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CWBrecordlows1_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwb.gov.tw/Data/climate/Statistics/pdf/sort_20.pdf">"氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Chinese). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Focus+Taiwan+News+Channel&rft.atitle=Annual+Ridership+on+Kinmen-Fujian+Ferry+Services+Tops+1.5+Million&rft.date=2014-12-30&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Hui-min&rft.au=Low%2C+Y.+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffocustaiwan.tw%2Fnews%2Facs%2F201412300006.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShan2019" class="citation news cs1">Shan, Shelley (29 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/10/29/2003724852">"Official Clarifies Following Han's Penghu Ferry Vow"</a>. <i>Taipei Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001173317/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/10/29/2003724852">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Official+Clarifies+Following+Han%27s+Penghu+Ferry+Vow&rft.date=2019-10-29&rft.aulast=Shan&rft.aufirst=Shelley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ftaiwan%2Farchives%2F2019%2F10%2F29%2F2003724852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-largest-ever-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-largest-ever_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-largest-ever_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2017/12/17/2003684140">"Largest-Ever Haul of Drugs Found Off Penghu, Police Say"</a>. <i>Taipei Times</i>. 17 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001185041/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2017/12/17/2003684140">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(28 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110308/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201611280021.aspx">"President Orders All-Out Effort to Combat Drugs"</a>. <i>Focus Taiwan News Channel</i>. Central News Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201611280021.aspx">the original</a> on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Focus+Taiwan+News+Channel&rft.atitle=President+Orders+All-Out+Effort+to+Combat+Drugs&rft.date=2016-11-28&rft.aulast=Hsieh&rft.aufirst=Chia-chen&rft.au=Chang%2C+S.+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffocustaiwan.tw%2Fnews%2Fasoc%2F201611280021.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenHuang2016" class="citation news cs1">Chen, Chi-ching; Huang, Frances (4 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064853/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201602040024.aspx">"Taiwan, China, Philippines Bust Drug Trafficking Ring"</a>. <i>Focus Taiwan News Channel</i>. Central News Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201602040024.aspx">the original</a> on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Focus+Taiwan+News+Channel&rft.atitle=Taiwan%2C+China%2C+Philippines+Bust+Drug+Trafficking+Ring&rft.date=2016-02-04&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Chi-ching&rft.au=Huang%2C+Frances&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffocustaiwan.tw%2Fnews%2Fasoc%2F201602040024.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrong2017" class="citation news cs1">Strong, Matthew (16 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3321913">"Massive Drugs Catch on Chinese Fishing Boat Near Taiwan's Penghu"</a>. <i>Taiwan News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121210700/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3321913">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+News&rft.atitle=Massive+Drugs+Catch+on+Chinese+Fishing+Boat+Near+Taiwan%27s+Penghu&rft.date=2017-12-16&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwannews.com.tw%2Fen%2Fnews%2F3321913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper1979" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, J. P., ed. (1979). <i>The New Cambridge Modern History IV: The Decline of Spain and the Thirty Years War, 1609–59</i>. Vol. 4 (reprint ed.). CUP Archive. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29713-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29713-4"><bdi>978-0-521-29713-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Modern+History+IV%3A+The+Decline+of+Spain+and+the+Thirty+Years+War%2C+1609%E2%80%9359&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29713-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCovell1998" class="citation book cs1">Covell, Ralph R. (1998). <i>Pentecost of the Hills in Taiwan: The Christian Faith Among the Original Inhabitants</i> (illustrated ed.). Hope Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-93-272-790-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-93-272-790-9"><bdi>978-0-93-272-790-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pentecost+of+the+Hills+in+Taiwan%3A+The+Christian+Faith+Among+the+Original+Inhabitants&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Hope+Publishing+House&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-93-272-790-9&rft.aulast=Covell&rft.aufirst=Ralph+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2003" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Donald B. (2003). <i>Straits of Malacca: Gateway or Gauntlet?</i>. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2515-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2515-3"><bdi>978-0-7735-2515-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Straits+of+Malacca%3A+Gateway+or+Gauntlet%3F&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+-+MQUP&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-2515-3&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Donald+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsu1980" class="citation book cs1">Hsu, Wen-hsiung (1980). "From Aboriginal Island to Chinese Frontier: The Development of Taiwan before 1683". In Knapp, Ronald G. (ed.). <i>China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan</i>. The University of Hawaii. pp. 3–28. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10125%2F62865">10125/62865</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-8005-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-8005-7"><bdi>978-0-8248-8005-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Aboriginal+Island+to+Chinese+Frontier%3A+The+Development+of+Taiwan+before+1683&rft.btitle=China%27s+Island+Frontier%3A+Studies+in+the+Historical+Geography+of+Taiwan&rft.pages=3-28&rft.pub=The+University+of+Hawaii&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10125%2F62865&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-8005-7&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=Wen-hsiung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnapp1980" class="citation cs2">Knapp, Ronald G. (1980), <i>China's Island Frontier: Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan</i>, The University of Hawaii</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Island+Frontier%3A+Studies+in+the+Historical+Geography+of+Taiwan&rft.pub=The+University+of+Hawaii&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Knapp&rft.aufirst=Ronald+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu2012" class="citation cs2">Liu, Yingsheng (2012), <i>The Taiwan Strait between the Twelfth and Sixteenth Centuries and the Maritime Route to Luzon</i>, Harrassowitz Verlag</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Taiwan+Strait+between+the+Twelfth+and+Sixteenth+Centuries+and+the+Maritime+Route+to+Luzon&rft.pub=Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Yingsheng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoir1886" class="citation book cs1">Loir, Maurice (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lescadredelamir00loirgoog"><i>L'escadre de l'amiral Courbet</i></a>. Paris: Berger-Levrault. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/03013530">03013530</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/23421595">23421595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27escadre+de+l%27amiral+Courbet&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Berger-Levrault&rft.date=1886&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23421595&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F03013530&rft.aulast=Loir&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flescadredelamir00loirgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepherd1993" class="citation book cs1">Shepherd, John Robert (1993). <i>Statecraft and Political Economy on the Taiwan Frontier, 1600–1800</i> (illustrated ed.). Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-2066-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-2066-3"><bdi>978-0-8047-2066-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/25025794">25025794</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statecraft+and+Political+Economy+on+the+Taiwan+Frontier%2C+1600%E2%80%931800&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F25025794&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-2066-3&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=John+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakekoshi1907" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Takekoshi_Yosabur%C5%8D" title="Takekoshi Yosaburō">Takekoshi, Yosaburō</a> (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japaneseruleinf00takegoog"><i>Japanese rule in Formosa</i></a>. London, New York, Bombay and Calcutta: Longmans, Green, and co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/753129">753129</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6986981M">6986981M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+rule+in+Formosa&rft.place=London%2C+New+York%2C+Bombay+and+Calcutta&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+and+co.&rft.date=1907&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F753129&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL6986981M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Takekoshi&rft.aufirst=Yosabur%C5%8D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapaneseruleinf00takegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1964" class="citation journal cs1">Thompson, Lawrence G. (1964). "The earliest eyewitness accounts of the Formosan aborigines". <i>Monumenta Serica</i>. <b>23</b>: 163–204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02549948.1964.11731044">10.1080/02549948.1964.11731044</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40726116">40726116</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monumenta+Serica&rft.atitle=The+earliest+eyewitness+accounts+of+the+Formosan+aborigines&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=163-204&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02549948.1964.11731044&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40726116%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomson1996" class="citation book cs1">Thomson, Janice E. (1996). <i>Mercenaries, Pirates, and Sovereigns: State-Building and Extraterritorial Violence in Early Modern Europe</i> (reprint ed.). Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-2124-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-2124-2"><bdi>978-1-4008-2124-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mercenaries%2C+Pirates%2C+and+Sovereigns%3A+State-Building+and+Extraterritorial+Violence+in+Early+Modern+Europe&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-2124-2&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=Janice+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsai2009" class="citation cs2">Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (2009), <i>Maritime Taiwan: Historical Encounters with the East and West</i>, M.E. Sharpe, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maritime+Taiwan%3A+Historical+Encounters+with+the+East+and+West&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=Shih-shan+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWills1998" class="citation book cs1">Wills, John E. Jr. (1998). "Relations with maritime Europeans, 1514–1662". In Twitchett, Denis C.; Mote, Frederick W. (eds.). <i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 2</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 333–375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24333-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24333-9"><bdi>978-0-521-24333-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Relations+with+maritime+Europeans%2C+1514%E2%80%931662&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+8%2C+The+Ming+Dynasty%2C+1368%E2%80%931644%2C+Part+2&rft.pages=333-375&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24333-9&rft.aulast=Wills&rft.aufirst=John+E.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWills2006" class="citation book cs1">—— (2006). "The Seventeenth-century Transformation: Taiwan under the Dutch and the Cheng Regime". In Rubinstein, Murray A. (ed.). <i>Taiwan: A New History</i>. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 84–106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1495-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-1495-7"><bdi>978-0-7656-1495-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Seventeenth-century+Transformation%3A+Taiwan+under+the+Dutch+and+the+Cheng+Regime&rft.btitle=Taiwan%3A+A+New+History&rft.pages=84-106&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-1495-7&rft.aulast=Wills&rft.aufirst=John+E.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWills2010" class="citation book cs1">—— (2010). "Maritime Europe and the Ming". In Wills, John E. Jr. (ed.). <i>China and Maritime Europe, 1500–1800: Trade, Settlement, Diplomacy, and Missions</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 24–77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43260-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43260-3"><bdi>978-0-521-43260-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24524224M">24524224M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maritime+Europe+and+the+Ming&rft.btitle=China+and+Maritime+Europe%2C+1500%E2%80%931800%3A+Trade%2C+Settlement%2C+Diplomacy%2C+and+Missions&rft.pages=24-77&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL24524224M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43260-3&rft.aulast=Wills&rft.aufirst=John+E.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWong2017" class="citation book cs1">Wong, Young-tsu (2017). <i>China's Conquest of Taiwan in the Seventeenth Century: Victory at Full Moon</i>. Singapore: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-10-2248-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-10-2248-7"><bdi>978-981-10-2248-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%27s+Conquest+of+Taiwan+in+the+Seventeenth+Century%3A+Victory+at+Full+Moon&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-981-10-2248-7&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Young-tsu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1908" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Arnold (1908). Cartwright, H. A. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury00wriguoft"><i>Twentieth century impressions of Hongkong, Shanghai, and other treaty ports of China: their history, people, commerce, industries, and resources, Volume 1</i></a>. Lloyds Greater Britain publishing company. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL13518413M">13518413M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth+century+impressions+of+Hongkong%2C+Shanghai%2C+and+other+treaty+ports+of+China%3A+their+history%2C+people%2C+commerce%2C+industries%2C+and+resources%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Lloyds+Greater+Britain+publishing+company&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL13518413M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftwentiethcentury00wriguoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Cook, Harold John (2007). <i>Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-13492-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-13492-6"><bdi>978-0-300-13492-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matters+of+Exchange%3A+Commerce%2C+Medicine%2C+and+Science+in+the+Dutch+Golden+Age&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-13492-6&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Harold+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Deng, Gang (1999). <i>Maritime Sector, Institutions, and Sea Power of Premodern China</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30712-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30712-6"><bdi>978-0-313-30712-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maritime+Sector%2C+Institutions%2C+and+Sea+Power+of+Premodern+China&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30712-6&rft.aulast=Deng&rft.aufirst=Gang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Idema, Wilt Lukas, ed. (1981). <i>Leyden Studies in Sinology: Papers Presented at the Conference Held in Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Sinological Institute of Leyden University, December 8-12, 1980</i>. Sinica Leidensia. Vol. 15. Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden. Sinologisch instituut (illustrated ed.). BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-06529-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-06529-1"><bdi>978-90-04-06529-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leyden+Studies+in+Sinology%3A+Papers+Presented+at+the+Conference+Held+in+Celebration+of+the+Fiftieth+Anniversary+of+the+Sinological+Institute+of+Leyden+University%2C+December+8-12%2C+1980&rft.series=Sinica+Leidensia&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-90-04-06529-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Li, Qingxin (2006). <i>Maritime Silk Road</i>. Translated by William W. Wang. China Intercontinental Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5085-0932-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5085-0932-7"><bdi>978-7-5085-0932-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maritime+Silk+Road&rft.pub=China+Intercontinental+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-7-5085-0932-7&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Qingxin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Parker, Edward Harper, ed. (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/china00parkgoog"><i>China, Her History, Diplomacy, and Commerce: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day</i></a> (2nd ed.). J. Murray. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/17030891">17030891</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6603922M">6603922M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%2C+Her+History%2C+Diplomacy%2C+and+Commerce%3A+From+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+Present+Day&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL6603922M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F17030891&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchina00parkgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghu&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Penghu</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Penghu" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Penghu">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Penghu_Islands" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Penghu Islands">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Penghu" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Penghu">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Penghu" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Penghu">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Penghu" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Penghu">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Penghu" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Penghu">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Penghu" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Penghu">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Penghu" class="extiw" title="voy:Penghu">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918799" class="extiw" title="d:Q918799">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/">Penghu County Government</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tour.penghu.gov.tw/en/index.aspx">Penghu Tour Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101002042708/http://www.phhcc.gov.tw/thesis/thesis/index.asp?Parser=99,3,14">澎湖研究學術研討會第1-8屆論文輯全球資訊網-歷屆論文</a> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese">Traditional Chinese</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822004613/http://www.culture.tw/index.php?option=com_content&task=rdmap&id=2259&Itemid=262%2FPenghu">Living Museum</a> (Copyright © 2012 Culture Taiwan)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3339738">Penghu</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan_navbar" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Taiwan navbar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan_navbar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan navbar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="List of administrative divisions of Taiwan">List of administrative divisions of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Free area of the Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Taiwan" title="List of metropolitan areas in Taiwan">List of metropolitan areas in Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_municipality_(Taiwan)" title="Special municipality (Taiwan)">Special municipalities</a> <span class="nobold">(6)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></b> (Capital city)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei_City" title="New Taipei City">New Taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.75em 1.0em;">"<a href="/wiki/Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces">Provinces</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" class="extiw" title="zh:省 (中華民國)">zh</a>]</span>" <sup><small>1</small></sup><br /> <div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <ul><li><i><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fuchien_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Fuchien Province, Republic of China">Fuchien</a></span></i></li> <li><i><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">Taiwan</a></span></i></li></ul> </li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Provincial_city_(Taiwan)" title="Provincial city (Taiwan)">Cities</a> <span class="nobold">(3)</span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keelung" title="Keelung">Keelung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hsinchu" title="Hsinchu">Hsinchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiayi" title="Chiayi">Chiayi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/County_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (Taiwan)">Counties</a> <span class="nobold">(13)</span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hsinchu_County" title="Hsinchu County">Hsinchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yilan_County,_Taiwan" title="Yilan County, Taiwan">Yilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaoli_County" title="Miaoli County">Miaoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changhua_County" title="Changhua County">Changhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantou_County" title="Nantou County">Nantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunlin_County" title="Yunlin County">Yunlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiayi_County" title="Chiayi County">Chiayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingtung_County" title="Pingtung County">Pingtung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taitung_County" title="Taitung County">Taitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualien_County" title="Hualien County">Hualien</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Lienchiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/District_(Taiwan)" title="District (Taiwan)">Districts</a> <span class="nobold">under special municipalities / cities</span></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/County-administered_city" title="County-administered city">Cities</a> / <a href="/wiki/Township_(Taiwan)" title="Township (Taiwan)">townships</a> <span class="nobold">under counties</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_townships/cities_and_districts_in_Taiwan" title="List of townships/cities and districts in Taiwan">List of townships/cities and districts in Taiwan</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> The provinces are merely retained as nominal entities within the constitutional structure, as they have no governing power following the formal dissolution of the provincial administrative organs in 2018. Cities and counties are de facto regarded as the principal constituent divisions of the ROC.<br /> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Shair-Rosenfield2020" class="citation web cs1">Sarah Shair-Rosenfield (November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://garymarks.web.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13018/2021/03/Taiwan_combined.pdf">"Taiwan Combined"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taiwan+Combined&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+at+Chapel+Hill&rft.date=2020-11&rft.au=Sarah+Shair-Rosenfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgarymarks.web.unc.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F13018%2F2021%2F03%2FTaiwan_combined.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APenghu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_outlying_islands_of_Taiwan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taiwan_Outlying_islands_divisions" title="Template:Taiwan Outlying islands divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taiwan_Outlying_islands_divisions" title="Template talk:Taiwan Outlying islands divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taiwan_Outlying_islands_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taiwan Outlying islands divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_outlying_islands_of_Taiwan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Administrative divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Taiwan" title="List of islands of Taiwan">outlying islands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cijin_District,_Kaohsiung" class="mw-redirect" title="Cijin District, Kaohsiung">Cijin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dongsha_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongsha Islands">Dongsha Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taiping_Island" title="Taiping Island">Taiping Island</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_ROC_political_divisions_labeled.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location map of Taiwan"><img alt="Location map of Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Taiwan_ROC_political_divisions_labeled.svg/130px-Taiwan_ROC_political_divisions_labeled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Taiwan_ROC_political_divisions_labeled.svg/195px-Taiwan_ROC_political_divisions_labeled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Taiwan_ROC_political_divisions_labeled.svg/260px-Taiwan_ROC_political_divisions_labeled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng,_Kinmen" title="Jincheng, Kinmen">Jincheng</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhu,_Kinmen" title="Jinhu, Kinmen">Jinhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinsha,_Kinmen" title="Jinsha, Kinmen">Jinsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinning,_Kinmen" title="Jinning, Kinmen">Jinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieyu" title="Lieyu">Lieyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuqiu,_Kinmen" title="Wuqiu, Kinmen">Wuqiu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Lienchiang</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nangan,_Lienchiang" title="Nangan, Lienchiang">Nangan</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beigan,_Lienchiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Beigan, Lienchiang">Beigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyin,_Lienchiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongyin, Lienchiang">Dongyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juguang,_Lienchiang" title="Juguang, Lienchiang">Juguang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Penghu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magong" title="Magong">Magong</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baisha,_Penghu" title="Baisha, Penghu">Baisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huxi,_Penghu" title="Huxi, Penghu">Huxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimei,_Penghu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cimei, Penghu">Cimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiyu,_Penghu" title="Xiyu, Penghu">Xiyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangan,_Penghu" title="Wangan, Penghu">Wangan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pingtung_County" title="Pingtung County">Pingtung</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Liuqiu_Island" title="Liuqiu Island">Liuqiu Island</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taitung_County" title="Taitung County">Taitung</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orchid_Island" title="Orchid Island">Orchid Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Island,_Taiwan" title="Green Island, Taiwan">Green Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yilan_County,_Taiwan" title="Yilan County, Taiwan">Yilan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Toucheng" title="Toucheng">Toucheng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guishan_Island_(Yilan)" title="Guishan Island (Yilan)">Guishan Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senkaku_Islands" title="Senkaku Islands">Diaoyutai Islands</a><sup>2</sup>)</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>1</sup> Lienchiang County commonly known as Matsu. <sup>2</sup>Diaoyutai Islands are controlled by <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, (called <a href="/wiki/Senkaku_Islands" title="Senkaku Islands">Senkaku Islands</a>). <sup>3</sup>Seat of the outlying islands' counties</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite periodical\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 20,\n [\"Clear\"] = 3,\n [\"Convert\"] = 3,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 3,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"Hatnote\"] = 1,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"ILL\"] = 2,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-cmn\"] = 3,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox Chinese\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox place symbols\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 4,\n [\"Large\"] = 6,\n [\"Linktext\"] = 9,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"Non-primary source needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Quotation\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 1,\n [\"ROC-TW\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 9,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 17,\n [\"Ship\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Taiwan Outlying islands divisions\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Url\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","340","28.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","21.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","5.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::unstripNoWiki","40","3.3"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","40","3.3"],["dataWrapper 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-04-06T19:35:37Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T21:10:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6e\/Penghu_County_Montage.png","headline":"Archipelago located in the Taiwan Strait under the administration of the Republic of China."}</script> </body> </html>