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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-gunpowder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-gunpowder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pre-gunpowder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-gunpowder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gunpowder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gunpowder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Gunpowder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gunpowder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_modern_grenades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_modern_grenades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Development of modern grenades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_modern_grenades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explosive_grenades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explosive_grenades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Explosive grenades</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Explosive_grenades-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Explosive grenades subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Explosive_grenades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fragmentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fragmentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fragmentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fragmentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_explosive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_explosive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>High explosive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_explosive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-tank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-tank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Anti-tank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-tank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incendiary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incendiary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Incendiary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incendiary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Sting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemical_and_gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_and_gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Chemical and gas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_and_gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Igniters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Igniters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Igniters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Igniters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultural impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Manufacturing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inline_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inline_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Inline citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inline_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grenade</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handgranaat" title="Handgranaat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Handgranaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86ppelcyrnel_(w%C7%A3pen)" title="Æppelcyrnel (wǣpen) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Æppelcyrnel (wǣpen)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قنبلة يدوية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قنبلة يدوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_de_mano" title="Granada de mano – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Granada de mano" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fl_qumbaras%C4%B1" title="Əl qumbarası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əl qumbarası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1" title="গ্রেনেড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রেনেড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Граната – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Граната" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Граната – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Граната" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Граната – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Граната" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greunadenn_(arm)" title="Greunadenn (arm) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Greunadenn (arm)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Граната – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Граната" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_de_m%C3%A0" title="Granada de mà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Granada de mà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran%C3%A1t_(zbra%C5%88)" title="Granát (zbraň) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Granát (zbraň)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5ndgranat" title="Håndgranat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Håndgranat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handgranate" title="Handgranate – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Handgranate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadilh%C3%B3ni_ahelt%C5%82%CA%BCid%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Dadilhóni aheltłʼidígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dadilhóni aheltłʼidígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4sigranaat" title="Käsigranaat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Käsigranaat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Χειροβομβίδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χειροβομβίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_de_mano" title="Granada de mano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Granada de mano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenado_(eksploda%C4%B5o)" title="Grenado (eksplodaĵo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grenado (eksplodaĵo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esku-granada" title="Esku-granada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esku-granada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AC%DA%A9" title="نارنجک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نارنجک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenade_%C3%A0_main" title="Grenade à main – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grenade à main" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A1n%C3%A1id" title="Gránáid – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gránáid" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_de_man" title="Granada de man – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Granada de man" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A5%98%ED%83%84" title="수류탄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수류탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Նռնակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նռնակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="हथगोला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हथगोला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%8Dne_bombe" title="Ručne bombe – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ručne bombe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenado" title="Grenado – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Grenado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granat_tangan" title="Granat tangan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Granat tangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomba_a_mano" title="Bomba a mano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bomba a mano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%93" title="רימון יד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רימון יד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granat_tangan" title="Granat tangan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Granat tangan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Гранат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гранат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narincok" title="Narincok – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Narincok" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Граната – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Граната" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granata_manualis" title="Granata manualis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Granata manualis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokas_gran%C4%81ta" title="Rokas granāta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rokas granāta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankin%C4%97_granata" title="Rankinė granata – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rankinė granata" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9zigr%C3%A1n%C3%A1t" title="Kézigránát – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kézigránát" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Граната – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Граната" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗ്രനേഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രനേഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bom_tangan" title="Bom tangan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bom tangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8" title="လက်ပစ်ဗုံး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လက်ပစ်ဗုံး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handgranaat" title="Handgranaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Handgranaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%A6%B4%E5%BC%BE" title="手榴弾 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="手榴弾" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5ndgranat" title="Håndgranat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Håndgranat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granata" title="Granata – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Granata" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1_)" title="ਹੱਥਗੋਲਾ (ਗਰਨੇਡ ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੱਥਗੋਲਾ (ਗਰਨੇਡ )" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%AA%DA%BE_%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7" title="ہتھ گولا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہتھ گولا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granat_r%C4%99czny" title="Granat ręczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Granat ręczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_de_m%C3%A3o" title="Granada de mão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Granada de mão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenad%C4%83" title="Grenadă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grenadă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Граната – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Граната" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гранаата – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гранаата" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granata_e_dor%C3%ABs" title="Granata e dorës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Granata e dorës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6" title="කුඩා අත්බෝම්බ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කුඩා අත්බෝම්බ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_grenade" title="Hand grenade – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hand grenade" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_gran%C3%A1t" title="Ručný granát – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ručný granát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C4%8Dna_bomba" title="Ročna bomba – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ročna bomba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Ручна бомба – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ручна бомба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C4%8Dna_bomba" title="Ručna bomba – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ručna bomba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4sikranaatti" title="Käsikranaatti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Käsikranaatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handgranat" title="Handgranat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Handgranat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Граната – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Граната" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="ระเบิดมือ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระเบิดมือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Норинҷак – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Норинҷак" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_bombas%C4%B1" title="El bombası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="El bombası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenat" title="Grenat – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Grenat" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ручна граната – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ручна граната" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%B1u_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1n" title="Lựu đạn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lựu đạn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granada_nga_kinamot" title="Granada nga kinamot – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Granada nga kinamot" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%A6%B4%E5%BC%B9" title="手榴弹 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="手榴弹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%98" title="האנט גראנאט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האנט גראנאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%A6%B4%E5%BD%88" title="手榴彈 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="手榴彈" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%A6%B4%E5%BC%B9" title="手榴弹 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="手榴弹" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173517#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grenade" title="View the content page [c]" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Small explosive weapon that typically is thrown by hand</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Grenade_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Grenade (disambiguation)">Grenade (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victory_Show_Cosby_UK_06-09-2015_WW2_re-enactment_Trade_stalls_Militaria_personal_gear_replicas_reprod.originals_zaphad1_Flickr_CCBY2.0_Hand_grenades_etc_IMG_3865.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Victory_Show_Cosby_UK_06-09-2015_WW2_re-enactment_Trade_stalls_Militaria_personal_gear_replicas_reprod.originals_zaphad1_Flickr_CCBY2.0_Hand_grenades_etc_IMG_3865.jpg/300px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Victory_Show_Cosby_UK_06-09-2015_WW2_re-enactment_Trade_stalls_Militaria_personal_gear_replicas_reprod.originals_zaphad1_Flickr_CCBY2.0_Hand_grenades_etc_IMG_3865.jpg/450px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Victory_Show_Cosby_UK_06-09-2015_WW2_re-enactment_Trade_stalls_Militaria_personal_gear_replicas_reprod.originals_zaphad1_Flickr_CCBY2.0_Hand_grenades_etc_IMG_3865.jpg/600px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Replica WW2 hand grenades on display</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stick_hand_grenade_throw_clip.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Stick_hand_grenade_throw_clip.gif/200px-Stick_hand_grenade_throw_clip.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Stick_hand_grenade_throw_clip.gif/300px-Stick_hand_grenade_throw_clip.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Stick_hand_grenade_throw_clip.gif 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="288" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Demonstration of a German <i><a href="/wiki/Stielhandgranate" title="Stielhandgranate">Stielhandgranate</a></i> (shaft hand grenade), a high explosive grenade with time fuze, Netherlands, 1946</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm/200px--Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="200" data-durationhint="24" data-mwtitle="Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_(c._2022).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="720" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1080" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1080" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="144" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm/Hand_grenade_training_at_U.S._Army_BCT_%28c._2022%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">US Army soldier throwing a dummy <a href="/wiki/M67_grenade" title="M67 grenade">M67 grenade</a> in training, 2022</div></div></div></div></div> <p>A <b>grenade</b> is a small <a href="/wiki/Explosive_weapon" title="Explosive weapon">explosive weapon</a> typically thrown by hand (also called <b>hand grenade</b>), but can also refer to a <a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">shell</a> (explosive <a href="/wiki/Projectile" title="Projectile">projectile</a>) shot from the muzzle of a <a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">rifle</a> (as a <a href="/wiki/Rifle_grenade" title="Rifle grenade">rifle grenade</a>) or a <a href="/wiki/Grenade_launcher" title="Grenade launcher">grenade launcher</a>. A modern hand grenade generally consists of an <a href="/wiki/Explosive_charge" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive charge">explosive charge</a> ("filler"), a <a href="/wiki/Detonator" title="Detonator">detonator</a> mechanism, an internal <a href="/wiki/Firing_pin" title="Firing pin">striker</a> to trigger the detonator, an arming safety secured by a transport safety. The user removes the transport safety before throwing, and once the grenade leaves the hand the arming safety gets released, allowing the striker to trigger a <a href="/wiki/Percussion_cap" title="Percussion cap">primer</a> that ignites a <a href="/wiki/Fuze" title="Fuze">fuze</a> (sometimes called the delay element), which burns down to the detonator and explodes the main charge. </p><p>Grenades work by dispersing fragments (fragmentation grenades), <a href="/wiki/Shockwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Shockwave">shockwaves</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_explosive" class="mw-redirect" title="High explosive">high-explosive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_grenade" title="Anti-tank grenade">anti-tank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stun_grenade" title="Stun grenade">stun grenades</a>), chemical <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smoke_grenade" title="Smoke grenade">smoke</a>, <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Chemical_and_gas">gas</a> and <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Chemical_and_gas">chemical grenades</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Fire" title="Fire">fire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Incendiary_grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Incendiary grenade">incendiary grenades</a>). Their outer casings, generally made of a hard <a href="/wiki/Organic_compound#Synthetic_compounds" title="Organic compound">synthetic material</a> or steel, are designed to <a href="/wiki/Rupture_(engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupture (engineering)">rupture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fragmentation_(weaponry)" title="Fragmentation (weaponry)">fragment</a> on detonation, sending out numerous fragments (<a href="/wiki/Sherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherd">shards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Splinter" title="Splinter">splinters</a>) as fast-flying projectiles. In modern grenades, a pre-formed fragmentation matrix inside the grenade is commonly used, which may be spherical, cuboid, wire or notched wire. Most <a href="/wiki/Anti-personnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-personnel">anti-personnel</a> (AP) grenades are designed to detonate either after a time delay or on impact.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grenades are often spherical, cylindrical, ovoid or truncated ovoid in shape, and of a size that fits the hand of an average-sized adult. Some grenades are mounted at the end of a handle and known as "<a href="/wiki/Stielhandgranate" title="Stielhandgranate">stick grenades</a>". The stick design provides <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_advantage" title="Mechanical advantage">leverage</a> for throwing longer distances, but at the cost of additional weight and length, and has been considered obsolete by western countries since the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> periods. A friction igniter inside the handle or on the top of the grenade head was used to initiate the fuse. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>grenade</i> is likely derived from the French word spelled exactly the same, meaning <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the bomb is reminiscent of the many-seeded fruit in size and shape. Its first use in English dates from the 1590s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liquid_fire_granades_Chania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Liquid_fire_granades_Chania.jpg/220px-Liquid_fire_granades_Chania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Liquid_fire_granades_Chania.jpg/330px-Liquid_fire_granades_Chania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Liquid_fire_granades_Chania.jpg/440px-Liquid_fire_granades_Chania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1881" data-file-height="1590" /></a><figcaption>Hand grenades filled with <a href="/wiki/Greek_fire" title="Greek fire">Greek fire</a>; surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Caltrop" title="Caltrop">caltrops</a> (10th–12th centuries <a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Museum_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historical Museum of Greece">National Historical Museum</a>, Athens, Greece)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-gunpowder">Pre-gunpowder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-gunpowder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Early_thermal_weapons" title="Early thermal weapons">Early thermal weapons</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg/250px-M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg/330px-M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg/500px-M%C5%8Dko_Sh%C5%ABrai_Ekotoba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="843" /></a><figcaption>Mongolian grenade attack on Japanese during <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Handgrenades_Ingolstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Handgrenades_Ingolstadt.jpg/220px-Handgrenades_Ingolstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Handgrenades_Ingolstadt.jpg/330px-Handgrenades_Ingolstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Handgrenades_Ingolstadt.jpg/440px-Handgrenades_Ingolstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Seven ceramic hand grenades of the 17th century found in <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>Rudimentary incendiary grenades appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire</a>, not long after the reign of <a href="/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III</a> (717–741).<sup id="cite_ref-Robert_James_Forbes_107_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robert_James_Forbes_107-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Byzantine soldiers learned that <a href="/wiki/Greek_fire" title="Greek fire">Greek fire</a>, a Byzantine invention of the previous century, could not only be thrown by <a href="/wiki/Flamethrower" title="Flamethrower">flamethrowers</a> at the enemy but also in stone and ceramic jars.<sup id="cite_ref-Robert_James_Forbes_107_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robert_James_Forbes_107-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, glass containers were employed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gunpowder">Gunpowder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gunpowder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_gunpowder" title="History of gunpowder">History of gunpowder</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ming_Dynasty_fragmentation_bomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ming_Dynasty_fragmentation_bomb.jpg/200px-Ming_Dynasty_fragmentation_bomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ming_Dynasty_fragmentation_bomb.jpg/300px-Ming_Dynasty_fragmentation_bomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ming_Dynasty_fragmentation_bomb.jpg/400px-Ming_Dynasty_fragmentation_bomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>An illustration of a fragmentation bomb known as the 'divine bone dissolving fire oil bomb' (<i>lan gu huo you shen pao</i>) from the <i><a href="/wiki/Huolongjing" title="Huolongjing">Huolongjing</a></i>. The black dots represent iron pellets.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song China</a> (960–1279), weapons known as '<a href="/wiki/Thunder_crash_bomb" title="Thunder crash bomb">thunder crash bombs</a>' (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">震天雷</span></span>) were created when soldiers packed <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a> into ceramic or metal containers fitted with fuses. A 1044 military book, <i><a href="/wiki/Wujing_Zongyao" title="Wujing Zongyao">Wujing Zongyao</a></i> (<i>Compilation of Military Classics</i>), described various gunpowder recipes in which one can find, according to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Joseph Needham</a>, the prototype of the modern hand grenade.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FireLanceAndGrenade10thCenturyDunhuang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/FireLanceAndGrenade10thCenturyDunhuang.jpg/250px-FireLanceAndGrenade10thCenturyDunhuang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/FireLanceAndGrenade10thCenturyDunhuang.jpg/330px-FireLanceAndGrenade10thCenturyDunhuang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/FireLanceAndGrenade10thCenturyDunhuang.jpg/500px-FireLanceAndGrenade10thCenturyDunhuang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2413" data-file-height="1935" /></a><figcaption>Earliest known representation of a gun (a <a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">fire lance</a>) and a grenade (upper right), <a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a>, 10th century AD<sup id="cite_ref-Tanner_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tanner-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bodde_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodde-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The shells (<i>pào</i>) are made of cast iron, as large as a bowl and shaped like a ball. Inside they contain half a pound of 'divine fire' (<i>shén huǒ</i>, gunpowder). They are sent flying towards the enemy camp from an eruptor (<i>mu pào</i>), and when they get there a sound like a thunder-clap is heard, and flashes of light appear. If ten of these shells are fired successfully into the enemy camp, the whole place will be set ablaze...<sup id="cite_ref-needham_volume_5_264_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-needham_volume_5_264-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Grenade-like devices were also known in ancient India. In a 12th-century Persian historiography, the <i><a href="/wiki/Mojmal_al-Tawarikh" title="Mojmal al-Tawarikh">Mojmal al-Tawarikh</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a> elephant filled with explosives set with a <a href="/wiki/Fuse_(explosives)" title="Fuse (explosives)">fuse</a> was placed hidden in the van and exploded as the invading army approached.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A type of grenade called the 'flying impact thunder crash bomb' (飛擊震天雷) was developed in the late 16th century and first used in September 1, 1592 by the <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon Dynasty</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)">Japanese invasions of Korea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The grenade was 20 cm in diameter, weighed 10 kg, and had a cast iron shell. It contained iron pellets, and an adjustable fuse. The grenade was used with a dedicated grenade launcher called a 'wangu' (碗口). It was used in both the besieging and defense of fortifications, to great effect.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Cast-iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Cast-iron">cast-iron</a> bombshells and grenades appeared in Europe in 1467, where their initial role was with the besieging and defense of castles and fortifications.<sup id="cite_ref-needham_volume_5_part_7_179_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-needham_volume_5_part_7_179-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A hoard of several hundred ceramic hand grenades was discovered during construction in front of a bastion of the Bavarian city of <a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a>, Germany, dated to the 17th century. Many of the grenades retained their original black powder loads and igniters. The grenades were most likely intentionally dumped in the moat of the bastion prior to 1723.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the mid-17th century, infantry known as "<a href="/wiki/Grenadiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenadiers">grenadiers</a>" began to emerge in the armies of Europe, who specialized in shock and close quarters combat, mostly with the usage of grenades and fierce melee combat. In 1643, it is possible that <i>grenados</i> were thrown amongst the Welsh at <a href="/wiki/Holt,_Wrexham" title="Holt, Wrexham">Holt Bridge</a> during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>. The word <i>grenade</i> was also used during the events surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a> in 1688, where cricket ball-sized (8.81 to 9 in (224 to 229 mm) in circumference) iron spheres packed with gunpowder and fitted with slow-burning wicks were first used against the <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobites</a> in the battles of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Killiecrankie" title="Battle of Killiecrankie">Killiecrankie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glen_Shiel" title="Battle of Glen Shiel">Glen Shiel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These grenades were not very effective owing both to the unreliability of their fuse, as well inconsistent times to detonation, and as a result, saw little use. Grenades were also used during the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Piracy" title="Golden Age of Piracy">Golden Age of Piracy</a>, especially during boarding actions; pirate <a href="/wiki/Captain_Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Thompson">Captain Thompson</a> used "vast numbers of powder flasks, grenade shells, and stinkpots" to defeat two pirate-hunters sent by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Jamaica" title="List of governors of Jamaica">Governor of Jamaica</a> in 1721.<sup id="cite_ref-Headlam_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Headlam-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Improvised grenades were increasingly used from the mid-19th century, the confines of <a href="/wiki/Trench" title="Trench">trenches</a> enhancing the effect of small explosive devices. In a letter to his sister, Colonel Hugh Robert Hibbert described an improvised grenade that was employed by British troops during the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> (1854–1856):<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ketchum_cs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Ketchum_cs.jpg/220px-Ketchum_cs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Ketchum_cs.jpg/330px-Ketchum_cs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f0/Ketchum_cs.jpg/440px-Ketchum_cs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>A cross-section of a <a href="/wiki/Ketchum_grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketchum grenade">Ketchum grenade</a>, used during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We have a new invention to annoy our friends in their pits. It consists in filling empty soda water bottles full of powder, old twisted nails and any other sharp or cutting thing we can find at the time, sticking a bit of tow in for a fuse then lighting it and throwing it quickly into our neighbors' pit where it bursts, to their great annoyance. You may imagine their rage at seeing a soda water bottle come tumbling into a hole full of men with a little fuse burning away as proud as a real shell exploding and burying itself into soft parts of the flesh.</p></blockquote> <p>In March 1868 during the <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a>, the Paraguayan troops used hand grenades in their attempt to board Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Ironclad_warship" title="Ironclad warship">ironclad warships</a> with canoes.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hand grenades were used on naval engagements during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mafeking" title="Siege of Mafeking">Siege of Mafeking</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>, the defenders used fishing rods and a mechanical spring device to throw improvised grenades.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Improvised hand grenades were used to great effect by the Russian defenders of Port Arthur (now <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshun_Port" title="Lüshun Port">Lüshun Port</a>) during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ASaunders_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASaunders-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_of_modern_grenades">Development of modern grenades</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Development of modern grenades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HandGrenadeNo1Mk1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/HandGrenadeNo1Mk1.jpg/170px-HandGrenadeNo1Mk1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/HandGrenadeNo1Mk1.jpg/255px-HandGrenadeNo1Mk1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/HandGrenadeNo1Mk1.jpg/340px-HandGrenadeNo1Mk1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>One of the earliest modern hand grenades. Fielded in the British Army from 1908, it was unsuccessful in the trenches of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, and was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Mills_bomb" title="Mills bomb">Mills bomb</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Around the turn of the 20th century, the ineffectiveness of the available types of hand grenades, coupled with their levels of danger to the user and difficulty of operation, meant that they were regarded as increasingly obsolete pieces of military equipment. In 1902, the British <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> announced that hand grenades were obsolete and had no place in modern warfare. But within two years, following the success of improvised grenades in the trench warfare conditions of the Russo-Japanese War, and reports from <a href="/wiki/Aylmer_Haldane" title="Aylmer Haldane">General Sir Aylmer Haldane</a>, a British observer of the conflict, a reassessment was quickly made and the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Ordnance" title="Board of Ordnance">Board of Ordnance</a> was instructed to develop a practical hand grenade.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various models using a <a href="/wiki/Fuse_(explosives)" title="Fuse (explosives)">percussion fuze</a> were built, but this type of fuze suffered from various practical problems, and they were not commissioned in large numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-ASaunders_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASaunders-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1904 Serbia adopted a grenade designed by Major Miodrag Vasić; it was partially inspired by copies of Bulgarian grenades manufactured by the Serbian Chetnik Organization.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marten Hale, known for patenting the <a href="/wiki/Hales_rifle_grenade" title="Hales rifle grenade">Hales rifle grenade</a>, developed a modern hand grenade in 1906 but was unsuccessful in persuading the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> to adopt the weapon until 1913. Hale's chief competitor was <a href="/wiki/Nils_Waltersen_Aasen" title="Nils Waltersen Aasen">Nils Waltersen Aasen</a>, who invented his design in 1906 in Norway, receiving a patent for it in England. Aasen began his experiments with developing a grenade while serving as a sergeant in the <a href="/wiki/Oscarsborg_Fortress" title="Oscarsborg Fortress">Oscarsborg Fortress</a>. Aasen formed the Aasenske Granatkompani in Denmark, which before the First World War produced and exported hand grenades in large numbers across Europe. He had success in marketing his weapon to the French and was appointed as a <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Knight of the French Legion of Honour</a> in 1916 for the invention.<sup id="cite_ref-ASaunders_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASaunders-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Laboratory developed the <a href="/wiki/No._1_grenade" title="No. 1 grenade">No. 1 grenade</a> in 1908. It contained <a href="/wiki/Explosive_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosive material">explosive material</a> with an iron <a href="/wiki/Fragmentation_(weaponry)" title="Fragmentation (weaponry)">fragmentation</a> band, with an impact <a href="/wiki/Fuse_(explosives)" title="Fuse (explosives)">fuze</a>, detonating when the top of the grenade hit the ground. A long cane handle (approximately 16 inches or 40 cm) allowed the user to throw the grenade farther than the blast of the explosion.<sup id="cite_ref-Saunders_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saunders-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It suffered from the handicap that the percussion fuse was armed before throwing, which meant that if the user was in a trench or other confined space, he was apt to detonate it and kill himself when he drew back his arm to throw it.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a>, Serbian General Stepa Stepanović ordered that bomb equipped squads (consisting of one non-commissioned officer and 16 soldiers each.) should be formed in all companies of the 4t 3th, 14th, 15th and 20th Infantry Regiments of the Timočka Division.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, combatant nations only had small grenades, similar to Hales' and Aasen's design. The Italian Besozzi grenade had a five-second fuze with a match-tip that was ignited by striking on a ring on the soldier's hand.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N%C2%B036%2B_plaque_de_base.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/N%C2%B036%2B_plaque_de_base.jpg/170px-N%C2%B036%2B_plaque_de_base.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/N%C2%B036%2B_plaque_de_base.jpg/255px-N%C2%B036%2B_plaque_de_base.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/N%C2%B036%2B_plaque_de_base.jpg/340px-N%C2%B036%2B_plaque_de_base.jpg 2x" data-file-width="711" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mills_bomb" title="Mills bomb">Mills bomb</a> – the first modern fragmentation grenade – was used in the <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trenches</a> from 1915.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Mills_(inventor)" title="William Mills (inventor)">William Mills</a>, a hand grenade designer from <a href="/wiki/Sunderland,_Tyne_and_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunderland, Tyne and Wear">Sunderland</a>, patented, developed and manufactured the "<a href="/wiki/Mills_bomb" title="Mills bomb">Mills bomb</a>" at the Mills Munition Factory in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England in 1915, designating it the No.5. It was described as the first "safe grenade". They were explosive-filled steel canisters with a triggering pin and a distinctive deeply notched surface. This segmentation is often erroneously thought to aid <a href="/wiki/Fragmentation_(weaponry)" title="Fragmentation (weaponry)">fragmentation</a>, though Mills' own notes show the external grooves were purely to aid the soldier to grip the weapon. Improved fragmentation designs were later made with the notches on the inside, but at that time they would have been too expensive to produce. The external segmentation of the original Mills bomb was retained, as it provided a positive <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grip" class="extiw" title="wikt:grip">grip</a> surface. This basic "pin-and-pineapple" design is still used in some modern grenades.<sup id="cite_ref-ASaunders_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASaunders-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schema_Grenade-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Schema_Grenade-en.svg/330px-Schema_Grenade-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Schema_Grenade-en.svg/500px-Schema_Grenade-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Schema_Grenade-en.svg/960px-Schema_Grenade-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>Hand grenade pin-and-lever fuze system</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/WWII" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII">Second World War</a>, the general design of hand grenades has been fundamentally unchanged, with pin-and-lever being the predominant igniter system with the major powers, though incremental and evolutionary improvements continuously were made. In 2012, <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A4nghandgranat_07" title="Spränghandgranat 07">Spränghandgranat 07</a></i></span> (shgr 07, "Blast hand-grenade 07") was announced as the first major innovation in the area of handgrenades since the <a href="/wiki/Great_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Great War">Great War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Developed by Ian Kinley at <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsvarets_Materielverk" class="mw-redirect" title="Försvarets Materielverk">Försvarets Materielverk</a> (FMV), shgr 07 is a self-righting, jumping hand grenade containing some 1900 balls that covers a cone 10 metres in diameter with the centre about 2 metres in height. This minimize the dangers outside the lethal zone as there is little to no random scattering of fragments from the blast..<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explosive_grenades">Explosive grenades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Explosive grenades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fragmentation">Fragmentation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fragmentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:109px;max-width:109px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:164px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DM51_2_noBG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DM51_2_noBG.jpg/120px-DM51_2_noBG.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/DM51_2_noBG.jpg/250px-DM51_2_noBG.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:109px;max-width:109px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:164px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DM51_3_noBG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/DM51_3_noBG.jpg/107px-DM51_3_noBG.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/DM51_3_noBG.jpg/161px-DM51_3_noBG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/DM51_3_noBG.jpg/214px-DM51_3_noBG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Modern <a href="/w/index.php?title=DM51&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DM51 (page does not exist)">DM51</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DM51" class="extiw" title="de:DM51">de</a>]</span> fragmentation grenade with cross section</div></div></div></div> <p>Fragmentation grenades are common in armies. They are weapons that are designed to disperse fragments on detonation, aimed to damage targets within the lethal and injury radii. The body is generally made of a hard synthetic material or steel, which will provide some fragmentation as shards and splinters, though in modern grenades a pre-formed fragmentation matrix is often used. The pre-formed fragmentation may be spherical, cuboid, wire or notched wire. Most explosive grenades are designed to detonate either after a time delay or on impact.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern fragmentation grenades, such as the United States <a href="/wiki/M67_grenade" title="M67 grenade">M67 grenade</a>, have a wounding radius of 15 m (49 ft) – half that of older style grenades, which can still be encountered – and can be thrown about 40 m (130 ft). Fragments may travel more than 200 m (660 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_explosive">High explosive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: High explosive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mk_3A2_grenade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mk_3A2_grenade.jpg/250px-Mk_3A2_grenade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mk_3A2_grenade.jpg/330px-Mk_3A2_grenade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Mk_3A2_grenade.jpg/500px-Mk_3A2_grenade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of the <a href="/wiki/MK3_grenade" title="MK3 grenade">Mk3A2</a> concussion grenade</figcaption></figure> <p>These grenades are usually classed as offensive weapons because the effective <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualty_radius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casualty radius (page does not exist)">casualty radius</a> is much less than the distance it can be thrown, and its explosive power works better within more confined spaces such as <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortifications</a> or <a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">buildings</a>, where entrenched defenders often occupy. The concussion effect, rather than any expelled fragments, is the effective killer. In the case of the US <a href="/wiki/MK3_grenade" title="MK3 grenade">Mk3A2</a>, the casualty radius is published as 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in <i>open</i> areas, but fragments and bits of fuze may be projected as far as 200 m (660 ft) from the detonation point.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concussion grenades have also been used as <a href="/wiki/Depth_charge" title="Depth charge">depth charges</a> (underwater explosives) around boats and underwater targets; some like the US <a href="/wiki/United_States_hand_grenades#Mk_40_Mod_0/1" title="United States hand grenades">Mk 40</a> concussion grenade are designed for use against enemy divers and <a href="/wiki/Frogman" title="Frogman">frogmen</a>. Underwater explosions kill or otherwise incapacitate the target by creating a lethal shock wave underwater.<sup id="cite_ref-Dockery_1997,_p._188_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dockery_1997,_p._188-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/US_Army_Armament_Research,_Development_and_Engineering_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center">US Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center</a> (ARDEC) announced in 2016 that they were developing a grenade which could operate in either fragmentation or blast mode (selected at any time before throwing), the electronically fuzed <i>enhanced tactical multi-purpose</i> (<a href="/wiki/ET-MP" class="mw-redirect" title="ET-MP">ET-MP</a>) hand grenade.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-tank">Anti-tank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Anti-tank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_grenade" title="Anti-tank grenade">Anti-tank grenade</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D0%9F%D0%93--43.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D0%A0%D0%9F%D0%93--43.svg/90px-%D0%A0%D0%9F%D0%93--43.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D0%A0%D0%9F%D0%93--43.svg/135px-%D0%A0%D0%9F%D0%93--43.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D0%A0%D0%9F%D0%93--43.svg/180px-%D0%A0%D0%9F%D0%93--43.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Soviet <a href="/wiki/RPG-43" title="RPG-43">RPG-43</a> <a href="/wiki/High-explosive_anti-tank" title="High-explosive anti-tank">HEAT</a> grenade</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, hand grenades were frequently used by troops, lacking other means to defend against enemy tanks threatening to over-run the position, to various success. The interwar period saw some limited development of grenades specifically intended to defeat armour, but it was not until the outbreak of WWII that serious efforts were made. While there were infantry anti-tank weapons available, they were either not ubiquitous enough, ineffective or both. Anti-tank grenades were a suitable stopgap to ensure a rudimentary capability for every squad to be used for self-defence. Once <a href="/wiki/Rocket-propelled_grenade" title="Rocket-propelled grenade">rocket-propelled</a> <a href="/wiki/Shaped_charge" title="Shaped charge">shaped charges</a> became available in greater numbers, anti-tank hand grenades became almost obsolete. However, they were still used with limited success in the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)">Iraqi insurgency</a> in the early 2000s against lightly armoured <a href="/wiki/Mine-Resistant_Ambush_Protected" class="mw-redirect" title="Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected">mine-resistant ambush protected</a> (MRAP) vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Russo-Ukrainian war modified anti-tank grenades are being dropped from drones.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Incendiary">Incendiary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Incendiary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the United Kingdom used incendiary grenades based on <a href="/wiki/White_phosphorus" title="White phosphorus">white phosphorus</a>. One model, the <a href="/wiki/No._76_special_incendiary_grenade" title="No. 76 special incendiary grenade">No. 76 special incendiary grenade</a>, was mainly issued to the <a href="/wiki/British_Home_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="British Home Guard">Home Guard</a> as an anti-tank weapon. It was produced in vast numbers; by August 1941 well over 6,000,000 had been manufactured.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sting">Sting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blast_ball" title="Blast ball">Blast ball</a></div> <p>Sting grenades, also known as stingball or sting ball grenades,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are stun grenades based on the design of the fragmentation grenade. Instead of using a metal casing to produce fragmentation, they are made from hard rubber and are filled with around 100 rubber or plastic balls. On detonation, these balls, and fragments from the rubber casing explode outward in all directions as reduced lethality projectiles, which may ricochet.<sup id="cite_ref-Mesloh_2012_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mesloh_2012-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is intended that people struck by the projectiles will receive a series of fast, painful stings, without serious injury. Some types have an additional payload of <a href="/wiki/CS_gas" title="CS gas">CS gas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sting grenades do not reliably incapacitate people, so they can be dangerous to use against armed subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They sometimes cause serious physical injury, especially the rubber fragments from the casing.<sup id="cite_ref-Mesloh_2012_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mesloh_2012-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 88">: 88 </span></sup> People have lost eyes and hands to sting grenades.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sting grenades are sometimes called "stinger grenades", which is a <a href="/wiki/Genericized_trademark" class="mw-redirect" title="Genericized trademark">genericized trademark</a> as "Stinger" is trademarked by <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">Defense Technology</a> for its line of sting grenades.<sup id="cite_ref-Mesloh_2012_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mesloh_2012-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 83–84">: 83–84 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_and_gas">Chemical and gas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Chemical and gas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chemical and gas grenades burn or release a gas, and do not explode.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:492px;max-width:492px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:276px;max-width:276px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M18_Grenade.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/M18_Grenade.svg/274px-M18_Grenade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="274" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/M18_Grenade.svg/411px-M18_Grenade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/M18_Grenade.svg/548px-M18_Grenade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/AN_M18" class="mw-redirect" title="AN M18">M18</a> US signal smoke grenade (yellow)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ABC-M7A2_A3_grenade.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/ABC-M7A2_A3_grenade.png/210px-ABC-M7A2_A3_grenade.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/ABC-M7A2_A3_grenade.png/315px-ABC-M7A2_A3_grenade.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/ABC-M7A2_A3_grenade.png 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/United_States_hand_grenades#M6/A1,_M7/A1/A2/A3_and_M54" title="United States hand grenades">M7A2</a> <a href="/wiki/CS_gas" title="CS gas">CS gas</a> grenade</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Practice">Practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inert_training_grenade_made_from_hard_rubber.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Inert_training_grenade_made_from_hard_rubber.JPG/170px-Inert_training_grenade_made_from_hard_rubber.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Inert_training_grenade_made_from_hard_rubber.JPG/255px-Inert_training_grenade_made_from_hard_rubber.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Inert_training_grenade_made_from_hard_rubber.JPG/340px-Inert_training_grenade_made_from_hard_rubber.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2241" data-file-height="1705" /></a><figcaption>Inert training grenade made from hard rubber</figcaption></figure> <p>Practice or simulation grenades are similar in handling and function to other hand grenades, except that they only produce a loud popping noise and a puff of smoke on detonation. The grenade body can be reused.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another type is the throwing practice grenade which is completely inert and often cast in one piece. It is used to give soldiers a feel for the weight and shape of real grenades and for practicing precision throwing. Examples of practice grenades include the K417 Biodegradable Practice Hand Grenade by CNOTech Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gersbeck2014_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gersbeck2014-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Igniters">Igniters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Igniters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M67b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/M67b.jpg/170px-M67b.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/M67b.jpg/255px-M67b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/M67b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption> An <a href="/wiki/M67_grenade" title="M67 grenade">M67 grenade</a> has an advertised effective kill zone radius of 5 m (16 ft), while the casualty-inducing radius is approximately 15 m (49 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>When using a hand grenade, the objective is to have the grenade explode so that the target is within its effective radius while keeping the thrower out of the same. For this reason, several systems have been used to trigger the explosion. </p><p><i>Impact</i> was the first used, with fragile containers of Greek fire that ruptured when landing. Later impact fuzes contained some kind of sensitive explosive to either initiate the main charge directly, or set off a primer charge that in turn detonates the main charge. This turned out to present significant drawbacks; either the primer is so sensitive that unintended and premature ignition happens, while a more stable substance often fails to set off the grenade when landing in softer ground, not seldom even allowing the targeted troops to hurl the grenade back. Thus, the only significant use of impact fuzes since WWI has been in anti-tank grenades. </p><p><i>Fuze-delayed</i> grenades is the predominant system today, developed from the match-fuzes that were hand-lit in the early grenades. From there, two sub-groups were developed: <i>friction-ignitors</i> where a cord is pulled or a cap is twisted to ignite the delay-fuze like on the German Stielhandgranate; the other being <i>strike-</i> or <i>percussion-ignitors</i> where the user either hit the cap before the throw like on the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Type_10_grenade" title="Type 10 grenade">Type 10 grenade</a>, or have a spring-loaded striker hit the cap after the grenade is released like the <a href="/wiki/Mills_bomb" title="Mills bomb">Mills bomb</a> with the latter being predominant since WWII. There is also an alternative technique of throwing, where the grenade is not thrown immediately after the fuze is ignited, which allows the fuze to burn partially and decrease the time to detonation after throwing; this is referred to as "cooking". A shorter delay is useful to reduce the ability of the enemy to take cover, throw or kick the grenade away and can also be used to allow a fragmentation grenade to explode into the air over defensive positions.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concerned with a number of serious incidents and accidents involving hand grenades, Ian Kinley at the Swedish <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsvarets_materielverk" class="mw-redirect" title="Försvarets materielverk">Försvarets materielverk</a> identified the two main issues as the <a href="/wiki/Delay_composition" title="Delay composition">time-fuze's burntime</a> variation with temperature (slows down in cold and speeds up in heat) and the <a href="/wiki/Spring_(device)" title="Spring (device)">springs</a>, the striker spring in particular, coming pre-tensioned from the factory by mechanism designs that had not changed much since the 1930s. In 2019, a new mechanism, fully interchangeable with the old ones, was adopted into service. The main difference, apart from a fully environmentally stable delay, is that the springs now are twist-tensioned by the thrower after the transport safety (pin and ring) has been removed, thus eliminating the possibility of unintentional arming of the hand grenade.<sup id="cite_ref-OFt_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OFt-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_impact">Cultural impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cultural impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Grenade_(insignia)" title="Grenade (insignia)">Grenade (insignia)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Manufacturing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern manufacturers of hand grenades include: </p> <ul><li>Agenzia Industrie della Difesa<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diehl_BGT_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Diehl BGT Defence">Diehl</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecar" title="Mecar">Mecar</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (formerly Arges, Austria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruag" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruag">Ruag</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Switzerland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nammo" title="Nammo">Nammo</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instalaza" title="Instalaza">Instalaza</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Spain)</li> <li>Solar Industries<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MKEK" class="mw-redirect" title="MKEK">MKEK</a> (Turkey)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_bomb" title="Pipe bomb">Pipe bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satchel_charge" title="Satchel charge">Satchel charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_of_the_Song_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology of the Song Dynasty">Technology of the Song Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TM_31-210_Improvised_Munitions_Handbook" title="TM 31-210 Improvised Munitions Handbook">TM 31-210 Improvised Munitions Handbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_tin_grenade" title="Jam tin grenade">Jam tin grenade</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inline_citations">Inline citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Inline citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLevy,_Michael2023" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Levy, Michael (November 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/245783/grenade"><i>grenade: military technology</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231121165210/https://www.britannica.com/technology/grenade">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=grenade%3A+military+technology&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.date=2023-11-11&rft.au=Levy%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F245783%2Fgrenade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Grenade"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Grenade">"Grenade" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 578.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grenade&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=578&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=grenade">"grenade (n.)"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=grenade+%28n.%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dgrenade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robert_James_Forbes_107-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robert_James_Forbes_107_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robert_James_Forbes_107_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Forbes, Robert James (1993). <i>Studies in Ancient Technology</i>. Leiden. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-00621-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-00621-8">978-90-04-00621-8</a>, p. 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Needham, Joseph (1994). <i>Science and civilization in China</i>: Vol. 5; "Part 6: Chemistry and chemical technology; Military technology: missiles and sieges". Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-32727-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-32727-X">0-521-32727-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tanner-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tanner_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTanner,_Harold_Miles2009" class="citation book cs1">Tanner, Harold Miles (30 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VIWC9wCX2c8C&pg=PA204"><i>China: A History</i></a>. Hackett Publishing. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87220-915-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87220-915-2"><bdi>978-0-87220-915-2</bdi></a>. <q>First known illustration of a fire lance and a grenade</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China%3A+A+History&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Hackett+Publishing&rft.date=2009-03-30&rft.isbn=978-0-87220-915-2&rft.au=Tanner%2C+Harold+Miles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVIWC9wCX2c8C%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bodde-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bodde_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBodde,_Derk1987" class="citation book cs1">Bodde, Derk (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aPQuETESw84C&pg=PA300"><i>Chinese Ideas About Nature and Society: Studies in Honour of Derk Bodde</i></a>. Hong Kong University Press. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-962-209-188-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-962-209-188-7"><bdi>978-962-209-188-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Ideas+About+Nature+and+Society%3A+Studies+in+Honour+of+Derk+Bodde&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-962-209-188-7&rft.au=Bodde%2C+Derk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaPQuETESw84C%26pg%3DPA300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-needham_volume_5_264-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-needham_volume_5_264_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Needham, Volume 5, 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/mojmal-al-tawarik">"Grenade"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOppertVaiśaṃpāyana._NītiprakāśikāŚukra._ŚukranītiWeber1880" class="citation book cs1">Oppert, Gustav Salomon; Vaiśaṃpāyana. Nītiprakāśikā; Śukra. Śukranīti; Weber, Albrecht (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/onweaponsarmyor00oppegoog"><i>On the weapons, army organisation, and political maxims of the ancient Hindus, with special reference to gunpowder and firearms</i></a>. Oxford University. Madras, Higginbotham. p. 64. <q>We read: "that the Brahmans counselled Hal to have an elephant made of clay and to place it in the van of his army, and that when the army of the king of Kashmir drew nigh, the elephant exploded, and the flames destroyed a great portion of the invading force. Here we have not only the simple act of explosion, but something very much like a fuze, to enable the explosion to occur at a particular time."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+weapons%2C+army+organisation%2C+and+political+maxims+of+the+ancient+Hindus%2C+with+special+reference+to+gunpowder+and+firearms&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Madras%2C+Higginbotham&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Oppert&rft.aufirst=Gustav+Salomon&rft.au=Vai%C5%9Ba%E1%B9%83p%C4%81yana.+N%C4%ABtiprak%C4%81%C5%9Bik%C4%81&rft.au=%C5%9Aukra.+%C5%9Aukran%C4%ABti&rft.au=Weber%2C+Albrecht&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonweaponsarmyor00oppegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">〈25년, 선수 26권〉. 《선조실록》. 1592년 9월 1일.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKwak" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kwak, Hong-In. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museum.go.kr/site/main/relic/recommend/view?relicRecommendId=418985">"조선시대 최초의 시한폭탄-비격진천뢰"</a>. <i>국립중앙박물관(National Museum of Korea)</i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Gesellschaft für Historische Waffen- und Kostümkunde: 65−80. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0042-9945">0042-9945</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SammWaffen-+und+Kost%C3%BCmkunde+-+Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Waffen-+und+Kleidungsgeschichte&rft.atitle=Keramikgranaten+aus+Ingolstadt+-+Ein+au%C3%9Fergew%C3%B6hnlicher+Fund&rft.volume=1%2F2018&rft.pages=65%E2%88%9280&rft.date=2018&rft.issn=0042-9945&rft.aulast=Franzkowiak&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.au=Wenzel%2C+Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCramb2004" class="citation journal cs1">Cramb, Auslan (23 February 2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1455110/Battlefield-gives-up-1689-hand-grenade.html">"Battlefield gives up 1689 hand grenade"</a></span>. <i>Scotland Correspondent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1455110/Battlefield-gives-up-1689-hand-grenade.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scotland+Correspondent&rft.atitle=Battlefield+gives+up+1689+hand+grenade&rft.date=2004-02-23&rft.aulast=Cramb&rft.aufirst=Auslan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1455110%2FBattlefield-gives-up-1689-hand-grenade.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Headlam-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Headlam_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeadlam1933" class="citation book cs1">Headlam, Cecil (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol31/pp1-21"><i>America and West Indies: January 1719</i></a> (January 1719 ed.). London: British History Online. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America+and+West+Indies%3A+January+1719&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.edition=January+1719&rft.pub=British+History+Online&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Headlam&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fcal-state-papers%2Fcolonial%2Famerica-west-indies%2Fvol31%2Fpp1-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002339/http://www.a2a.org.uk/search/records.asp?cat=017-dhb&cid=3-1-3#3-1-3">"The National Archives, records of the UK government"</a>. <i>Letters of Hibbert, Hugh Robert, 1828–1895, Colonel, ref. DHB/57 – date: 14 June 1855</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.a2a.org.uk/search/records.asp?cat=017-dhb&cid=3-1-3#3-1-3">the original</a> on 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Letters+of+Hibbert%2C+Hugh+Robert%2C+1828%E2%80%931895%2C+Colonel%2C+ref.+DHB%2F57+%E2%80%93+date%3A+14+June+1855&rft.atitle=The+National+Archives%2C+records+of+the+UK+government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.a2a.org.uk%2Fsearch%2Frecords.asp%3Fcat%3D017-dhb%26cid%3D3-1-3%233-1-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarros2021" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Barros, Aldeir Isael Faxina (2021-05-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portaldeperiodicos.marinha.mil.br/index.php/navigator/article/view/1123">"Abordagem aos Encouraçados no Tagy (1868)"</a>. <i>Navigator</i> (in Portuguese). <b>17</b> (33): <span class="nowrap">98–</span>114. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2763-6267">2763-6267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Navigator&rft.atitle=Abordagem+aos+Encoura%C3%A7ados+no+Tagy+%281868%29&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E98-%3C%2Fspan%3E114&rft.date=2021-05-31&rft.issn=2763-6267&rft.aulast=Barros&rft.aufirst=Aldeir+Isael+Faxina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportaldeperiodicos.marinha.mil.br%2Findex.php%2Fnavigator%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFContador_Zelada2011" class="citation book cs1">Contador Zelada, Andrés (2011). <i>Las armas menores en la Guerra del Pacífico</i>. [Chile]: [Legatum Editores]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-956-9242-08-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-956-9242-08-3"><bdi>978-956-9242-08-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1318788961">1318788961</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Las+armas+menores+en+la+Guerra+del+Pac%C3%ADfico&rft.place=%5BChile%5D&rft.pub=%5BLegatum+Editores%5D&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1318788961&rft.isbn=978-956-9242-08-3&rft.aulast=Contador+Zelada&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistamarina.cl/es/articulo/granadas-de-mano-en-combate-naval">"Granadas de mano en combate naval"</a>. <i>Revista de Marina</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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A&C Black. pp. <span class="nowrap">25–</span>40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-2381-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-2381-7"><bdi>978-1-4411-2381-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reinventing+Warfare+1914%E2%80%9318%3A+Novel+Munitions+and+Tactics+of+Trench+Warfare&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-2381-7&rft.au=Saunders%2C+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOUuz-iqMbDIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saunders-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saunders_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaunders,_Anthony1999" class="citation book cs1">Saunders, Anthony (1999). <i>Weapons of the Trench War</i>. 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Ballantines Illustrated History of the Violent Century. Weapons book, no. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HykDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA14">"How the Modern Grenadier is Armed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a></i>. January 1919. p. 14<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/call/thesaurus/toc.asp?id%3D36489">the original</a> on 2012-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Federation of American Scientists<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M69+practice+hand+grenade&rft.pub=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fman%2Fdod-101%2Fsys%2Fland%2Fm69.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222014846/http://www.umass.edu/armyrotc/Training/grenades.pdf">"CHAPTER 1: TYPES OF HAND GRENADES"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Massachusetts. 2005-06-07. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umass.edu/armyrotc/Training/grenades.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-12-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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CRC Press. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4398-5058-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4398-5058-9"><bdi>978-1-4398-5058-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+Military+Ordnance+Identification&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft.isbn=978-1-4398-5058-9&rft.au=Gersbeck%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMB_lAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atiam.train.army.mil/soldierPortal/atia/adlsc/view/public/10881-1/fm/3-23.30/fm3_23x30.pdf">United States Army Field Manual 3–23.30, Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals</a> (2005 revision), page 1-6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atiam.train.army.mil/soldierPortal/atia/adlsc/view/public/10881-1/fm/3-23.30/fm3_23x30.pdf">United States Army Field Manual 3–23.30, Grenades and Pyrotechnic Signals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071201082337/https://atiam.train.army.mil/soldierPortal/atia/adlsc/view/public/10881-1/fm/3-23.30/fm3_23x30.pdf">Archived</a> 2007-12-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (2005 revision), pages 3–11 to 3–12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OFt-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OFt_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://officerstidningen.se/sakrare-tandfunktion-till-handgranater-testas/">Officerstidningen, Säkrare tändfunktion till handgranater testas</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.difesa.it/AID/Stabilimenti/Munizionamento/Pagine/Baiano.aspx">"Baiano"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Italy)" title="Ministry of Defence (Italy)">Ministry of Defence (Italy)</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baiano&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence+%28Italy%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.difesa.it%2FAID%2FStabilimenti%2FMunizionamento%2FPagine%2FBaiano.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Infantry-Weapons/Diehl-DM-51-offensive-defensive-hand-grenade-Germany.html">"Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's | IHS"</a>. Jane's<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mecar.be/content.php?langue=english&cle_menus=1156765274">the original</a> on 2021-07-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HG+85+Linie&rft.pub=RUAG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruag.com%2Fen%2FAmmotec%2FDefence_and_Law_Enforcement%2FHandgranades%2FHG_85-Linie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181229220217/https://www.nammo.com/what-we-do/explosivespyrotechnics/hand-grenades/">"Hand grenades"</a>. Nammo AS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nammo.com/what-we-do/explosivespyrotechnics/hand-grenades/">the original</a> on 2018-12-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hand+grenades&rft.pub=Nammo+AS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nammo.com%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fexplosivespyrotechnics%2Fhand-grenades%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://instalaza.com/producto/granada-alhambra/?lang=en">"ALHAMBRA Hand Grenade"</a>. Instalaza<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ALHAMBRA+Hand+Grenade&rft.pub=Instalaza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstalaza.com%2Fproducto%2Fgranada-alhambra%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solargroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/MMHG1.pdf">"Economic Explosives Limited, a subsidiary of Solar Industries India Ltd., Nagpur, has successfully established production of Multi Mode Hand Grenade as per TOT obtained from TBRL (DRDO)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228014022/https://solargroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/MMHG1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-12-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economic+Explosives+Limited%2C+a+subsidiary+of+Solar+Industries+India+Ltd.%2C+Nagpur%2C+has+successfully+established+production+of+Multi+Mode+Hand+Grenade+as+per+TOT+obtained+from+TBRL+%28DRDO%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolargroup.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F12%2FMMHG1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrenade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_references">General references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Needham, Joseph (1986). <i>Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Part 7</i>. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenade&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hand_grenades" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hand grenades">Hand grenades</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3iADAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA112">"Getting Good with the Grenade...It Pays!"</a> – November 1944 <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Science" title="Popular Science">Popular Science</a></i> article with complete history, cutaway, and illustrations</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://science.howstuffworks.com/grenade.htm">"How Grenades Work"</a> – from <a href="/wiki/HowStuffWorks" title="HowStuffWorks">HowStuffWorks</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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